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0119ef9a | 1 | AMPT Users' Guide |
2 | ||
3 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
4 | 8/2009 test version v1.25t3/v2.25t3: | |
5 | * enable embedding of a given number of soft pions along each parton | |
6 | of the embedded back-to-back jet pair by adding three new | |
7 | input values in file `input.ampt': nsembd, psembd, tmaxembd. | |
8 | nsembd: number of soft pions to be embedded with each high-Pt parton | |
9 | in the embedded jet pair; | |
10 | psembd: the momentum of each embedded soft pion in GeV/c; | |
11 | tmaxembd: maximum angle (in radian) of embedded soft pions relative to | |
12 | the associated high-Pt parton, then the soft pions are generated | |
13 | uniformly in relative polar and azimutal angle in this cone around the | |
14 | high-Pt parton. Note that soft pions are not generated uniformly | |
15 | in solid angle in this cone because that gives a valley at theta=0, | |
16 | unlike the primitive jet-like correlation with a peak at theta=0. | |
17 | * enable the embedded jet pair to have random azimuthal angle (still | |
18 | back-to-back) and to take positions according to a user file | |
19 | "embed-jet-xy.txt"; enabled by additional values of iembed: | |
20 | iembed= | |
21 | 1: on with fixed position(xembd,pembd) and Pt(pxqembd,pyqembd); | |
22 | 2: on with fixed position(xembd,pembd) and random azimuthal angle | |
23 | with Pt-magnitude given by sqrt(pxqembd^2+pyqembd^2); | |
24 | 3: on with random position and fixed Pt(pxqembd,pyqembd); | |
25 | 4: on with random position and random random azimuthal angle | |
26 | with Pt-magnitude given by sqrt(pxqembd^2+pyqembd^2); | |
27 | for iembed=3 or 4: need a position file "embed-jet-xy.txt"; | |
28 | Other integers: turn off embedding. | |
29 | The above modification can be found by searching "clin-8/2009". | |
30 | ||
31 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
32 | 7/2009 test version v1.25t2/v2.25t2: | |
33 | * added two new input values in file `input.ampt': ishadow and dshadow. | |
34 | Setting ishadow=1 (when shadowing flag is on) enables users to set | |
35 | dshadow (between 0.d0 & 1.d0) to get an intermediate nuclear shadowing | |
36 | between no-shadowing (when dshadow=0.d0) | |
37 | and the default HIJING shadowing (when dshadow=1.d0). | |
38 | The above modification can be found by searching "clin-7/2009". | |
39 | ||
40 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
41 | 7/2009 test version v1.25/v2.25: | |
42 | corrected the explanations for deuteron cross section assumptions in | |
43 | input.ampt and art1f.f | |
44 | ||
45 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
46 | 6/2009 test version v1.25/v2.25 (==v1.25t1/v2.25t1 meaning "test version 1"): | |
47 | * added two new input values in file `input.ampt': pttrig and maxmiss. | |
48 | When enabled, event selection takes place so that each event will have | |
49 | at least 1 minijet parton with Pt above pttrig in the initial condition | |
50 | (before parton & hadron cascades). | |
51 | For this purpose, the HIJING initial condition is repeated until | |
52 | such an event is generated (but no more than maxmiss times); | |
53 | * added two new input values in file `input.ampt' so that one can turn off | |
54 | initial and/or final state radiation as well as the Pt kick | |
55 | in the HIJING event initial condition; with these effects turned off, | |
56 | the selected events using pttrig are more likely to have | |
57 | back-to-back initial minijets; | |
58 | * added five new input values in file `input.ampt': iembed, pxqembd, | |
59 | pyqembd, xembd, and yembd. Setting iembed=1 embeds one back-to-back | |
60 | q/qbar jet pair per event at the specified transverse momentum and | |
61 | transverse position before parton cascade starts; | |
62 | * changed the format of zpc.dat, including the following: | |
63 | event number is given as the first value, and an event-iteration | |
64 | flag is added as the 2nd value in 1st line of each event in zpc.dat; | |
65 | an event-iteration flag other than 0 means the event is being repeated | |
66 | (detailed message is given in the nohup.out file); | |
67 | * ana/initial_parton_sm.dat is renamed as | |
68 | ana/parton-initial-afterPropagation.dat, | |
69 | which outputs the complete information of partons that enter the | |
70 | parton cascade; i.e., it gives the minijet gluon information | |
71 | for default runs, or the quark and anti-quark information | |
72 | after string melting (before parton cascade) for string melting runs. | |
73 | This option is activated by setting ioscar to 2. | |
74 | It has the same format as ana/ampt.dat except for the 1st line | |
75 | for each event, which gives the following: | |
76 | For isoft=1 (default AMPT): | |
77 | event number, event-iteration flag, number of partons; | |
78 | For isoft=4 (String Melting): | |
79 | event number, event-iteration flag, number of partons, | |
80 | number of formed baryons, number of formed mesons, | |
81 | total number of initial particles, | |
82 | total number of initial particles that cannot enter ZPC. | |
83 | * added ana/npart-xy.dat, which gives the transverse positions | |
84 | of all initial nucleons and their status; format is: | |
85 | For each event, the first line gives: | |
86 | event #, event-iteration flag, atomic masses of projectile and target. | |
87 | Each of the following four lines gives: | |
88 | x,y, sequence number in nucleus (positive for projectile, negative | |
89 | for target), status (0: spectator, 1 or 2: wounded due to | |
90 | elastic collisions, 3: wounded due to inelastic collisions). | |
91 | * ioscar=3 now enables the following output files in addition to | |
92 | ana/parton-initial-afterPropagation.dat: | |
93 | all parton collision history in ana/parton-collisionsHistory.dat, | |
94 | minijet initial condition in ana/minijet-initial-beforePropagation.dat, | |
95 | ana/parton-after-coalescence.dat for String Melting. | |
96 | * format of ana/parton-collisionsHistory.dat: | |
97 | For each collision, the first line gives: | |
98 | event #, event-iteration flag, sequence numbers of the two partons; | |
99 | Each of the following four lines gives: | |
100 | PYTHIA particle ID number, three-momentum(Px,Py,Pz), mass, and | |
101 | space-time coordinates(x,y,z,t) | |
102 | for parton1&2 before the collision parton1&2 after the collision. | |
103 | * format of ana/minijet-initial-beforePropagation.dat: | |
104 | For each event, the first line gives: | |
105 | event #, event-iteration flag, atomic masses of projectile and target. | |
106 | Each of the following lines gives: | |
107 | PYTHIA particle ID number, three-momentum(Px,Py,Pz), mass, and | |
108 | space-time coordinates(x,y,z,t) of one minijet parton at production, | |
109 | ID of origin (from 1: projectile, 2: target; 3: independent string). | |
110 | * format of ana/parton-after-coalescence.dat: | |
111 | For each event, the first line gives: | |
112 | event number, number of partons, number of formed baryons, | |
113 | number of formed mesons, impact-parameter, | |
114 | number of participant nucleons in projectile due to elastic | |
115 | collisions, number of participant nucleons in projectile due to | |
116 | inelastic collisions, and corresponding numbers in target. | |
117 | Each of the following lines gives: | |
118 | PYTHIA parton ID number, three-momentum(Px,Py,Pz), mass, | |
119 | sequence number of formed hadron, PYTHIA ID number of formed hadron; | |
120 | * `common /para7/ ioscar' is changed to include string melting info; | |
121 | * info under "in HJANA1" in file nohup.out is corrected. | |
122 | ||
123 | The above modifications can be found by searching "clin-6/2009". | |
124 | ||
125 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
126 | 5/2009 test version v1.24/v2.24: | |
127 | * Changes made: | |
128 | * corrected a bug on freezeout time (values in `ampt.dat') of particles | |
129 | whose formation time is larger than the hadron cascade termination time; | |
130 | * freezeout time of spectator projectile and target nucleons should be ~0 | |
131 | but it was not correctly updated for string melting runs; now corrected. | |
132 | ||
133 | The above modifications can be found by searching "clin-5/2009". | |
134 | ||
135 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
136 | 4/2009 update | |
137 | corrected the explanation on the structure of zpc.dat. | |
138 | ||
139 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
140 | 3/2009 test version v1.23/v2.23: | |
141 | * Changes made: | |
142 | ||
143 | * included a subroutine addhad() in amptsub.f to insert | |
144 | user-defined hadrons before the start of the hadron cascade, | |
145 | user must set IDPERT to either 1 or 2, user can set NPERTD to 0 | |
146 | if perturbative deuteron productions are not needed; | |
147 | * add a comment in input.dat saying that setting NPERTD to 0 | |
148 | turns off perturbative deuteron productions; | |
149 | * moved the location of the subroutine hbtout() in art1f.f, | |
150 | and as a result there are small changes in hadron freezeout | |
151 | space-time values, e.g., the freezeout space values may change | |
152 | by v*DT with v being the particle momentum, and the freezeout time | |
153 | of spectator projectile or target nucleons change by DT; | |
154 | * increased the output accuracy of momentum Pz by 1 more digit | |
155 | in ampt.dat and ampt_pert.dat. | |
156 | ||
157 | The above modifications can be found by searching "clin-3/2009". | |
158 | ||
159 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
160 | 10/2008 test version v1.22/v2.22: | |
161 | * Changes made in the default AMPT model (version 1.22) | |
162 | and the AMPT model with string melting (version 2.22): | |
163 | ||
164 | We have included deuteron(d) production and destruction | |
165 | in the hadronic cascade via d+M <-> B+B, where M represents a meson | |
166 | including pi, rho, omega and eta; and B represents a baryon | |
167 | including proton, neutron, Delta, N*(1440) and N*(1535), | |
168 | Anti-deuteron processes are included similarly. | |
169 | Elastic collisions of d+M and d+B are also included. | |
170 | The cross sections for d+pi <-> N+N are based on experimental data; | |
171 | for other reactions, 4 different assumptions on their cross sections | |
172 | are available by choosing the value of idxsec in the file `input.ampt'. | |
173 | Perturbative production/destruction of deuterons can be | |
174 | turned on by using idpert=1 (or 2) and 1<=NPERTD<=10000 in input.ampt, | |
175 | and perturbative deuteron results are stored in ana/ampt_pert.dat, | |
176 | which has the same data format as ana/ampt.dat | |
177 | (except that ampt_pert.dat does not have the column for deuteron mass | |
178 | but has the perturbative probability in the last column). | |
179 | Regular (i.e. non-perturbative) results can be found in `ana/ampt.dat'. | |
180 | Note that you can use either the regular or perturbative results for | |
181 | deuterons; you can not use both (that would be double-counting); | |
182 | regular or perturbative results are close but not exactly the same | |
183 | due to the biase from triggering perturbative productions. | |
184 | A deuteron (anti-deuteron) has the particle ID of 42 (-42) in | |
185 | ana/ampt.dat and ana/ampt_pert.dat. | |
186 | ||
187 | The above modifications can be found by searching "clin-5/2008", | |
188 | "clin-6/2008", "clin-8/2008" and "clin-9/2008". | |
189 | ||
190 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
191 | 10/01/2008 v1.21/v2.21: | |
192 | * Changes made in the default AMPT model (version 1.21) | |
193 | and the AMPT model with string melting (version 2.21): | |
194 | ||
195 | We have added an option to write out the complete parton information | |
196 | right after string melting (before parton cascade). | |
197 | Results are stored in ana/initial_parton_sm.dat in the same format | |
198 | as ana/ampt.dat except for the first few lines that provide | |
199 | information for each event. This option is only available for | |
200 | string melting and can be activated by setting ioscar to 2. | |
201 | ||
202 | We have added an option to turn off phi meson decays at the end | |
203 | of hadron cascade, i.e., at NT=NTMAX. | |
204 | This option can be activated by setting iphidcy to 0. | |
205 | Note that phi decays during hadron cascade are always enabled. | |
206 | ||
207 | The above two modifications can be found by searching "clin-5b/2008". | |
208 | ||
209 | Note: the following physics extensions are preliminary and under test, | |
210 | therefore they have been disabled in v1.21/v2.21: | |
211 | We have included deuteron(d) production and destruction | |
212 | in the hadronic cascade via d+M <-> B+B, where M represents a meson | |
213 | including pi, rho, omega and eta; and B represents a baryon | |
214 | including proton, neutron, Delta, N*(1440) and N*(1535), | |
215 | Anti-deuteron processes are included similarly. | |
216 | Elastic collisions of d+M and d+B are also included. | |
217 | ||
218 | The above modifications can be found by searching "clin-5/2008", | |
219 | "clin-6/2008", "clin-8/2008" and "clin-9/2008". | |
220 | ||
221 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
222 | 04/29/2008 v1.13/v2.13: | |
223 | * Changes made in the default AMPT model (version 1.13) | |
224 | and the AMPT model with string melting (version 2.13): | |
225 | ||
226 | multiple array arguments are checked against out-of-bound in amptsub.f; | |
227 | commented out the unused "CALL HJAN1A" in zpc.f; | |
228 | a pause statement in ran1() in zpc.f is modified; | |
229 | array sizes of ekaon() and sekaon() are increased from 200 to 2000; | |
230 | array sizes in /HJJET2/ and /xydr/ are increased from 900 to 150001; | |
231 | multiple compound IF statements are broken up in hipyset1.35.f; | |
232 | DARWIN added to the list of operating system in `exec'; | |
233 | added a check on the range of IX, IY, IZ in art1f.f and modified | |
234 | other such checks; | |
235 | added a check on the range of npion in art1f.f; | |
236 | RAN() renamed to RANART() to avoid conflict with system functions; | |
237 | bugs on initializations of xlast() and plast() are fixed; | |
238 | the variable ISS is modified to avoid out-of-bound error in EKAON(); | |
239 | "IF(K(I,3).EQ.0 .OR. K(K(I,3),2).EQ.IDSTR)" is modified | |
240 | to avoid out-of-bound error in K(); | |
241 | "DATA NSEED/74769375/" in hijing1.383_ampt.f is commented out; | |
242 | PYWIDT() subroutine is modified according to pythia-6115.f to avoid | |
243 | undefined values for variables GGF,GZF,GZPF,ZZF,ZZPF,ZPZPF,API; | |
244 | "MDCY(KFPR(ISUB,1),1)" is changed to "MDCY(LUCOMP(KFPR(ISUB,1)),1)" | |
245 | to avoid invalid values for the 1st argument of MDCY(); | |
246 | "if (jscat .ne. 0 .and. next(jscat) .ne. iscat)" is modified | |
247 | to avoid out-of-bound error in next(). | |
248 | ||
249 | The above modifications can be found by searching "clin-4/2008". | |
250 | They are not found to change ampt.dat from a few tests on a Linux OS. | |
251 | We thanks A. Vander Molen and G. Westfall for pointing out these issues. | |
252 | ||
253 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
254 | 2005 v1.12/v2.12: | |
255 | * Changes made in the default AMPT model (version 1.12) | |
256 | and the AMPT model with string melting (version 2.12): | |
257 | ||
258 | Freezeout time of spectator projectile and target nucleons should be ~0 | |
259 | but it was not correctly updated in `ampt.dat'; now corrected. | |
260 | ||
261 | The above modifications can be found by searching "clin-12/14/03". | |
262 | ||
263 | We have corrected a typo in `input.ampt': | |
264 | "IZT (target A number)" is changed to "IZT (target Z number)". | |
265 | ||
266 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
267 | 11/30/2004 v1.11/v2.11: | |
268 | * The default AMPT model (version 1.11) and the AMPT model with | |
269 | string melting (version 2.11) both use an initialization file | |
270 | `input.ampt'. The analysis directory `ana/' contains the resulting | |
271 | data files. The final particle record file is `ana/ampt.dat'. | |
272 | The version number of AMPT is written to both the file `ana/version' | |
273 | and `nohup.out'. The AMPT source code has been tested for both the | |
274 | f77 and the pgf77 compilers on the Unix, Linux, and OSF1 operating systems. | |
275 | ||
276 | * To run the AMPT program, one needs to: | |
277 | 1. set the initial parameters in `input.ampt'. If one prefers to | |
278 | use run-time random number seed, set `ihjsed=11', In this way, every | |
279 | run is different even with the same `input.ampt' file. | |
280 | 2. type `sh exec &' to compile and run the executable `ampt' | |
281 | with some general information written in `nohup.out'. | |
282 | ||
283 | * Key initial parameters in `input.ampt' are: | |
284 | EFRM: sqrt(s_NN) in GeV, e.g. 200 for the maximum RHIC energy. | |
285 | NEVNT: the total number of events. | |
286 | BMIN, BMAX: the minimum and maximum impact parameter (in fm) | |
287 | for all events with BMAX having an upper limit of HIPR1(34)+HIPR1(35) | |
288 | (=19.87 fm for d+Au collisions and 25.60 fm for Au+Au collisions). | |
289 | ISOFT: choice of parton-hadron conversion scenario. | |
290 | =1: default AMPT model (version 1.x); | |
291 | =4: the AMPT model with string melting (version 2.y). | |
292 | Note that values of 2, 3, and 5 have never been used for | |
293 | publications. They are tests of other string melting scenarios: | |
294 | =2: a string is decomposed into q+dq+minijet partons instead of | |
295 | using the Lund fragmentation; | |
296 | =3: a baryon is decomposed into q+qq instead of 3 quarks; | |
297 | =5: same as 4 but partons freeze out according to | |
298 | local energy density. | |
299 | NTMAX: the number of time-steps for hadron cascade, default(D)=150. | |
300 | Note that NTMAX=3 effectively turns off hadron cascade, | |
301 | and a larger value than default is usually necessary | |
302 | for observables at large rapidity or large pseudorapidity. | |
303 | We use NTMAX=1000 for HBT studies in central Au+Au | |
304 | collisions due to the need for the last interaction points | |
305 | and for LHC calculations due to the longer lifetime of the formed matter. | |
306 | DT: value of the time-step (in fm/c) for hadron cascade, D=0.2. | |
307 | Note that t_cut=NTMAX*DT is the termination time of hadron cascade. | |
308 | PARJ(41): parameter a in the Lund symmetric splitting function. | |
309 | PARJ(42): parameter b in the Lund symmetric splitting function | |
310 | (in GeV**(-2)). Note that we use default value in HIJING | |
311 | (a=0.5 and b=0.9) for d+Au collisions, | |
312 | and a=2.2 and b=0.5 for collisions of heavy nuclei. | |
313 | flag for popcorn mechanism: D=1(Yes) turns on the popcorn mechanism. | |
314 | In general, it increases baryon stopping. | |
315 | PARJ(5): controls BMBbar vs. BBbar in the popcorn mechanism, D=1.0. | |
316 | shadowing flag: D=1(Yes) turns on nuclear shadowing. | |
317 | quenching flag: D=0(No) turns off jet quenching | |
318 | since the parton cascade ZPC simulates final-state effects. | |
319 | p0 cutoff: D=2.0 (in GeV/c) for p0 in HIJING for minijet production. | |
320 | parton screening mass: controls the parton cross section, | |
321 | D=3.2264 (in fm**(-1)). Its square is inversely proportional to | |
322 | the parton cross section. Use D=3.2264d0 for 3mb, and 2.2814d0 for 6mb. | |
323 | ihjsed: choice of the random number seed, D=0. | |
324 | =0: take the `Ran Seed for HIJING' in `input.ampt' | |
325 | and disregard the random value generated in the file `exec'. | |
326 | =11: take the HIJING random seed at runtime from the file `exec', | |
327 | with the seed written in `nohup.out' and `ana/version'. | |
328 | Ran Seed for HIJING: random number seed for HIJING when ihjsed=0. | |
329 | Kshort decay flag: depends on the experimental correction procedure, | |
330 | D=0 turns off Kshort decays after the hadron cascade. | |
331 | Note that decays of the following resonances and their | |
332 | antiparticles are always included: | |
333 | rho, omega, eta, K*, phi, Delta, N*(1440), N*(1535), | |
334 | Sigma0 (in order to include its feed down to Lambda). | |
335 | optional OSCAR output: if set to 1, outputs in OSCAR1997A format | |
336 | are written in `ana/parton.oscar' and `ana/hadron.oscar'. | |
337 | dpcoal: parton coalescence distance in momentum space (in GeV/c). | |
338 | drcoal: parton coalescence distance in coordinate space (in fm). | |
339 | dpcoal, drcoal both have D=10**6 for nearest-neighbor coalescence | |
340 | in the AMPT model with string melting. | |
341 | ||
342 | * Key output file are: | |
343 | ana/ampt.dat: It contains particle records at hadron kinetic freeze-out, | |
344 | i.e., at the last interaction point. | |
345 | For each event, the first line gives: | |
346 | event number, test number(=1), number of particles in the event, | |
347 | impact parameter, total number of participant nucleons in projectile, | |
348 | total number of participant nucleons in target, number of participant | |
349 | nucleons in projectile due to elastic collisions, number of | |
350 | participant nucleons in projectile due to inelastic collisions, | |
351 | and corresponding numbers in target. | |
352 | Note that participant nucleon numbers include nucleons participating | |
353 | in both elastic and inelastic collisions. | |
354 | Each of the following lines gives: | |
355 | PYTHIA particle ID number, three-momentum(Px,Py,Pz), mass, and | |
356 | space-time coordinates(x,y,z,t) of one final particle at freeze-out. | |
357 | ||
358 | ana/zpc.dat: similar to `ana/ampt.dat' but for partons at freeze-out. | |
359 | The first line of each event gives: | |
360 | event number, (event-iteration flag, added in 6/2009), | |
361 | number of partons in the event, impact-parameter, | |
362 | number of participant nucleons in projectile due to elastic | |
363 | collisions, number of participant nucleons in projectile due to | |
364 | inelastic collisions, and corresponding numbers in target. | |
365 | Each of the following lines gives: | |
366 | For isoft=1 (default AMPT): | |
367 | PYTHIA particle ID number, three-momentum(Px,Py,Pz), mass, and | |
368 | space-time coordinates(x,y,z,t) of one final parton at freeze-out. | |
369 | For isoft=4 (String Melting, format changed in 6/2009): | |
370 | PYTHIA particle ID number, three-momentum(Px,Py,Pz), mass, | |
371 | the parent hadron sequence number that the parton comes from, | |
372 | the parton sequence number of this parton in the parent hadron | |
373 | (1-2 for a meson, 1-3 for a baryon), and freeze-out time (t). | |
374 | ||
375 | Note that momenta are in units of GeV/c, mass in GeV/c**2, | |
376 | space in fm, and time in fm/c. | |
377 | If a particle comes from the decay of a resonance which still exists | |
378 | at the termination time of hadron cascade, then its space-time | |
379 | corresponds to the decay point of the parent resonance. | |
380 | Also note that the x-axis in AMPT is defined as the direction along | |
381 | the impact parameter, and the z-axis is defined as the beam direction. | |
382 | ||
383 | ||
384 | Please do not hesitate to contact us if needed. Have fun! | |
385 | ||
386 | Zi-Wei Lin (linz@ecu.edu) | |
387 | Che-Ming Ko (ko@comp.tamu.edu) | |
388 | Bao-An Li (Bao-An_Li@tamu-commerce.edu) | |
389 | Subrata Pal (spal@tifr.res.in) | |
390 | Bin Zhang (bzhang@astate.edu) | |
391 | ||
392 | 6/25/2009 |