| | 1 | %!PS-Adobe-2.0 |
| | 2 | %%Creator: dvipsk 5.58f Copyright 1986, 1994 Radical Eye Software |
| | 3 | %%Title: pythia57_98dec.dvi |
| | 4 | %%Pages: 330 |
| | 5 | %%PageOrder: Ascend |
| | 6 | %%BoundingBox: 0 0 596 842 |
| | 7 | %%DocumentPaperSizes: A4 |
| | 8 | %%EndComments |
| | 9 | %DVIPSCommandLine: /usr/local/bin/dvips pythia57_98dec |
| | 10 | %DVIPSParameters: dpi=600, comments removed |
| | 11 | %DVIPSSource: TeX output 1998.12.29:1152 |
| | 12 | %%BeginProcSet: tex.pro |
| | 13 | /TeXDict 250 dict def TeXDict begin /N{def}def /B{bind def}N /S{exch}N |
| | 14 | /X{S N}B /TR{translate}N /isls false N /vsize 11 72 mul N /hsize 8.5 72 |
| | 15 | mul N /landplus90{false}def /@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1} |
| | 16 | ifelse 0 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale |
| | 17 | isls{landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div |
| | 18 | hsize mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul |
| | 19 | TR[matrix currentmatrix{dup dup round sub abs 0.00001 lt{round}if} |
| | 20 | forall round exch round exch]setmatrix}N /@landscape{/isls true N}B |
| | 21 | /@manualfeed{statusdict /manualfeed true put}B /@copies{/#copies X}B |
| | 22 | /FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N /FBB[0 0 0 0]N /nn 0 N /IE 0 N /ctr 0 N /df-tail{ |
| | 23 | /nn 8 dict N nn begin /FontType 3 N /FontMatrix fntrx N /FontBBox FBB N |
| | 24 | string /base X array /BitMaps X /BuildChar{CharBuilder}N /Encoding IE N |
| | 25 | end dup{/foo setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0 nn put /ctr 0 N[}B /df{ |
| | 26 | /sf 1 N /fntrx FMat N df-tail}B /dfs{div /sf X /fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0] |
| | 27 | N df-tail}B /E{pop nn dup definefont setfont}B /ch-width{ch-data dup |
| | 28 | length 5 sub get}B /ch-height{ch-data dup length 4 sub get}B /ch-xoff{ |
| | 29 | 128 ch-data dup length 3 sub get sub}B /ch-yoff{ch-data dup length 2 sub |
| | 30 | get 127 sub}B /ch-dx{ch-data dup length 1 sub get}B /ch-image{ch-data |
| | 31 | dup type /stringtype ne{ctr get /ctr ctr 1 add N}if}B /id 0 N /rw 0 N |
| | 32 | /rc 0 N /gp 0 N /cp 0 N /G 0 N /sf 0 N /CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S dup |
| | 33 | /base get 2 index get S /BitMaps get S get /ch-data X pop /ctr 0 N ch-dx |
| | 34 | 0 ch-xoff ch-yoff ch-height sub ch-xoff ch-width add ch-yoff |
| | 35 | setcachedevice ch-width ch-height true[1 0 0 -1 -.1 ch-xoff sub ch-yoff |
| | 36 | .1 sub]{ch-image}imagemask restore}B /D{/cc X dup type /stringtype ne{]} |
| | 37 | if nn /base get cc ctr put nn /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne{dup dup |
| | 38 | length 1 sub dup 2 index S get sf div put}if put /ctr ctr 1 add N}B /I{ |
| | 39 | cc 1 add D}B /bop{userdict /bop-hook known{bop-hook}if /SI save N @rigin |
| | 40 | 0 0 moveto /V matrix currentmatrix dup 1 get dup mul exch 0 get dup mul |
| | 41 | add .99 lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N /eop{SI restore userdict |
| | 42 | /eop-hook known{eop-hook}if showpage}N /@start{userdict /start-hook |
| | 43 | known{start-hook}if pop /VResolution X /Resolution X 1000 div /DVImag X |
| | 44 | /IE 256 array N 0 1 255{IE S 1 string dup 0 3 index put cvn put}for |
| | 45 | 65781.76 div /vsize X 65781.76 div /hsize X}N /p{show}N /RMat[1 0 0 -1 0 |
| | 46 | 0]N /BDot 260 string N /rulex 0 N /ruley 0 N /v{/ruley X /rulex X V}B /V |
| | 47 | {}B /RV statusdict begin /product where{pop product dup length 7 ge{0 7 |
| | 48 | getinterval dup(Display)eq exch 0 4 getinterval(NeXT)eq or}{pop false} |
| | 49 | ifelse}{false}ifelse end{{gsave TR -.1 .1 TR 1 1 scale rulex ruley false |
| | 50 | RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}}{{gsave TR -.1 .1 TR rulex ruley scale 1 1 |
| | 51 | false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}}ifelse B /QV{gsave newpath transform |
| | 52 | round exch round exch itransform moveto rulex 0 rlineto 0 ruley neg |
| | 53 | rlineto rulex neg 0 rlineto fill grestore}B /a{moveto}B /delta 0 N /tail |
| | 54 | {dup /delta X 0 rmoveto}B /M{S p delta add tail}B /b{S p tail}B /c{-4 M} |
| | 55 | B /d{-3 M}B /e{-2 M}B /f{-1 M}B /g{0 M}B /h{1 M}B /i{2 M}B /j{3 M}B /k{ |
| | 56 | 4 M}B /w{0 rmoveto}B /l{p -4 w}B /m{p -3 w}B /n{p -2 w}B /o{p -1 w}B /q{ |
| | 57 | p 1 w}B /r{p 2 w}B /s{p 3 w}B /t{p 4 w}B /x{0 S rmoveto}B /y{3 2 roll p |
| | 58 | a}B /bos{/SS save N}B /eos{SS restore}B end |
| | 59 | %%EndProcSet |
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| | 2002 | 0003E0003F00001FF8003F00007FF8003F0000E7F8007F0003C7F8007F000707F0007E00 |
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| | 2004 | 00000001FC1E00000001F83800000001F87000000003F9E000000003FF8000000003FFF8 |
| | 2005 | 00000003FFFFC0000007F07FF0000007F003FC000007E000FF000007E0003F80000FE000 |
| | 2006 | 1FC0000FE0001FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0001FC0000FC0071FC0000FC0061F8000 |
| | 2007 | 0FC0061F80000FC0063F80000FC00E3F80000FC00C3F00000F800C3F00000F801C7F0000 |
| | 2008 | 0F80187F00000F80387E00000F80307E000007C070FE000007C0E0FE000003E1C0FC0000 |
| | 2009 | 00FF80380000003E00302D7BAB38>20 D<0007C00000000007F80000000000FE00000000 |
| | 2010 | 007F00000000003F80000000001FC0000000001FC0000000001FC0000000000FE0000000 |
| | 2011 | 000FE0000000000FE00000000007F00000000007F00000000007F00000000003F8000000 |
| | 2012 | 0003F80000000003F80000000001FC0000000001FC0000000001FC0000000000FE000000 |
| | 2013 | 0000FE0000000000FE00000000007F00000000007F00000000007F00000000003F800000 |
| | 2014 | 00003F80000000003F80000000001FC0000000001FC0000000001FC0000000000FE00000 |
| | 2015 | 00000FE0000000000FE00000000007F00000000007F00000000007F0000000000FF80000 |
| | 2016 | 00001FF8000000003BF80000000071FC00000000F1FC00000001E1FC00000003C0FE0000 |
| | 2017 | 000780FE0000000F00FE0000001E007F0000003E007F0000007C007F000000F8003F8000 |
| | 2018 | 01F0003F800003E0003F800007C0001FC0000FC0001FC0001F80001FC0003F00000FC000 |
| | 2019 | 7E00000FE000FC00000FE001F8000007E003F8000007F007F0000007F00FE0000003F01F |
| | 2020 | C0000003F83F80000003F87F00000001FCFF00000001FCFE00000001FEFC00000000FE78 |
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| | 11510 | g(is',)h(free)f(of)g(c)m(harge,)0 4461 y(without)33 b(an)m(y)h(binding) |
| | 11511 | d(guaran)m(tees.)47 b(And)34 b(alw)m(a)m(ys)f(remem)m(b)s(er)g(that)g |
| | 11512 | (the)h(programs)e(do)h(not)g(repre-)0 4569 y(sen)m(t)28 |
| | 11513 | b(a)e(dead)g(collection)f(of)h(established)g(truths,)j(but)d(rather)h |
| | 11514 | (one)f(of)g(man)m(y)g(p)s(ossible)g(approac)m(hes)i(to)0 |
| | 11515 | 4678 y(the)h(problem)d(of)i(m)m(ultiparticle)d(pro)s(duction)i(in)g |
| | 11516 | (high-energy)h(ph)m(ysics,)j(at)d(the)g(fron)m(tline)f(of)g(curren)m(t) |
| | 11517 | 0 4786 y(researc)m(h.)45 b(Be)33 b(critical!)p eop |
| | 11518 | %%Page: 4 4 |
| | 11519 | 4 3 bop eop |
| | 11520 | %%Page: 5 5 |
| | 11521 | 5 4 bop 0 -18 a Ft(Con)l(ten)l(ts)0 189 y Fo(1)90 b(In)m(tro)s(duction) |
| | 11522 | 2959 b(1)0 394 y(2)90 b(Ph)m(ysics)37 b(Ov)m(erview)2715 |
| | 11523 | b(9)146 503 y Fw(2.1)100 b(Hard)32 b(Pro)s(cesses)j(and)e(P)m(arton)g |
| | 11524 | (Distributions)53 b(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g |
| | 11525 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)141 b(9)146 611 y(2.2)100 b(Initial-)29 |
| | 11526 | b(and)k(Final-State)d(Radiation)59 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11527 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 |
| | 11528 | b(11)146 719 y(2.3)100 b(Beam)32 b(Remnan)m(ts)d(.)50 |
| | 11529 | b(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11530 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 |
| | 11531 | b(14)146 828 y(2.4)100 b(F)-8 b(ragmen)m(tation)30 b(.)50 |
| | 11532 | b(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11533 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 |
| | 11534 | b(15)146 936 y(2.5)100 b(Deca)m(ys)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h |
| | 11535 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11536 | g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 b(18)0 |
| | 11537 | 1142 y Fo(3)e(Program)37 b(Ov)m(erview)2595 b(20)146 |
| | 11538 | 1250 y Fw(3.1)100 b(Up)s(date)32 b(History)70 b(.)50 |
| | 11539 | b(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11540 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 |
| | 11541 | b(21)146 1359 y(3.2)100 b(Program)31 b(Installation)71 |
| | 11542 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11543 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 |
| | 11544 | b(32)146 1467 y(3.3)100 b(Program)31 b(Philosoph)m(y)91 |
| | 11545 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11546 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 |
| | 11547 | b(34)146 1575 y(3.4)100 b(Man)m(ual)32 b(Con)m(v)m(en)m(tions)90 |
| | 11548 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11549 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 |
| | 11550 | b(35)146 1684 y(3.5)100 b(Getting)31 b(Started)i(with)f(JETSET)43 |
| | 11551 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.) |
| | 11552 | h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 b(36)146 1792 y(3.6)100 |
| | 11553 | b(Getting)31 b(Started)i(with)f(PYTHIA)d(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g |
| | 11554 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11555 | 92 b(39)0 1998 y Fo(4)e(Mon)m(te)38 b(Carlo)f(T)-9 b(ec)m(hniques)2322 |
| | 11556 | b(44)146 2106 y Fw(4.1)100 b(Selection)32 b(F)-8 b(rom)31 |
| | 11557 | b(a)h(Distribution)75 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11558 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 |
| | 11559 | b(44)146 2215 y(4.2)100 b(The)33 b(V)-8 b(eto)33 b(Algorithm)94 |
| | 11560 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11561 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 |
| | 11562 | b(46)146 2323 y(4.3)100 b(The)33 b(Random)f(Num)m(b)s(er)g(Generator)26 |
| | 11563 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.) |
| | 11564 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 b(48)0 2529 y Fo(5)e(The)38 |
| | 11565 | b(Ev)m(en)m(t)f(Record)2622 b(52)146 2637 y Fw(5.1)100 |
| | 11566 | b(P)m(article)31 b(Co)s(des)36 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11567 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.) |
| | 11568 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 b(52)146 2746 y(5.2)100 |
| | 11569 | b(The)33 b(Ev)m(en)m(t)i(Record)28 b(.)49 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11570 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.) |
| | 11571 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 b(57)146 2854 y(5.3)100 b(Ho)m(w)33 |
| | 11572 | b(The)g(Ev)m(en)m(t)i(Record)e(W)-8 b(orks)43 b(.)50 |
| | 11573 | b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g |
| | 11574 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 b(61)146 2962 y(5.4)100 |
| | 11575 | b(The)33 b(HEPEVT)i(Standard)76 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.) |
| | 11576 | h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11577 | (.)g(.)92 b(64)0 3168 y Fo(6)e(Hard)38 b(Pro)s(cesses)f(in)g(JETSET) |
| | 11578 | 2175 b(68)146 3276 y Fw(6.1)100 b(Annihilation)29 b(Ev)m(en)m(ts)35 |
| | 11579 | b(in)d(the)h(Con)m(tin)m(uum)86 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11580 | g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 b(68)146 |
| | 11581 | 3385 y(6.2)100 b(Deca)m(ys)33 b(of)g(Onia)e(Resonances)f(.)50 |
| | 11582 | b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f |
| | 11583 | (.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 b(78)146 3493 y(6.3)100 |
| | 11584 | b(Routines)32 b(and)h(Common)e(Blo)s(c)m(k)h(V)-8 b(ariables)51 |
| | 11585 | b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11586 | (.)g(.)g(.)92 b(79)146 3602 y(6.4)100 b(Examples)89 b(.)50 |
| | 11587 | b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g |
| | 11588 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11589 | 92 b(85)0 3807 y Fo(7)e(Pro)s(cess)38 b(Generation)f(in)g(PYTHIA)1943 |
| | 11590 | b(87)146 3916 y Fw(7.1)100 b(P)m(arton)32 b(Distributions)78 |
| | 11591 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11592 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 |
| | 11593 | b(87)146 4024 y(7.2)100 b(Kinematics)31 b(and)h(Cross)i(section)f(for)f |
| | 11594 | (a)g(2)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(2)k(Pro)s(cess)67 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.) |
| | 11595 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 b(91)146 4132 y(7.3)100 |
| | 11596 | b(Resonance)33 b(Pro)s(duction)84 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11597 | (.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11598 | g(.)g(.)g(.)92 b(93)146 4241 y(7.4)100 b(Cross-section)33 |
| | 11599 | b(Calculations)72 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11600 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)92 |
| | 11601 | b(96)146 4349 y(7.5)100 b(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(3)33 b(and)f(2)c |
| | 11602 | Fn(!)f Fw(4)32 b(Pro)s(cesses)i(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g |
| | 11603 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11604 | 43 b(102)146 4457 y(7.6)100 b(Resonance)33 b(Deca)m(ys)h(.)49 |
| | 11605 | b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11606 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11607 | b(104)146 4566 y(7.7)100 b(Nonp)s(erturbativ)m(e)33 b(Pro)s(cesses)56 |
| | 11608 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11609 | g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(106)0 4772 |
| | 11610 | y Fo(8)90 b(Ph)m(ysics)37 b(Pro)s(cesses)g(in)g(PYTHIA)1974 |
| | 11611 | b(112)146 4880 y Fw(8.1)100 b(The)33 b(Pro)s(cess)h(Classi\014cation)d |
| | 11612 | (Sc)m(heme)k(.)50 b(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f |
| | 11613 | (.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(112)146 4988 |
| | 11614 | y(8.2)100 b(QCD)32 b(Pro)s(cesses)79 b(.)50 b(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11615 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.) |
| | 11616 | h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(117)146 5097 y(8.3)100 |
| | 11617 | b(Electro)m(w)m(eak)34 b(Gauge)e(Bosons)45 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11618 | (.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11619 | g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(121)146 5205 y(8.4)100 b(Higgs)31 b(Pro)s(duction)64 |
| | 11620 | b(.)49 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11621 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11622 | b(128)146 5313 y(8.5)100 b(Non-Standard)32 b(Ph)m(ysics)92 |
| | 11623 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11624 | g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(133)146 |
| | 11625 | 5422 y(8.6)100 b(Main)32 b(Pro)s(cesses)i(b)m(y)g(Mac)m(hine)91 |
| | 11626 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11627 | f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(136)p eop |
| | 11628 | %%Page: 6 6 |
| | 11629 | 6 5 bop 0 -18 a Fo(9)90 b(The)38 b(PYTHIA)e(Program)g(Elemen)m(ts)1831 |
| | 11630 | b(139)146 90 y Fw(9.1)100 b(The)33 b(Main)f(Subroutines)82 |
| | 11631 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11632 | g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(139)146 |
| | 11633 | 198 y(9.2)100 b(Switc)m(hes)34 b(for)e(Ev)m(en)m(t)i(T)m(yp)s(e)g(and)f |
| | 11634 | (Kinematics)e(Selection)h(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11635 | g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(143)146 307 y(9.3)100 b(The)33 b(General)f(Switc)m |
| | 11636 | (hes)i(and)f(P)m(arameters)96 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11637 | (.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(148)146 |
| | 11638 | 415 y(9.4)100 b(General)31 b(Ev)m(en)m(t)k(Information)42 |
| | 11639 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11640 | g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(164)146 |
| | 11641 | 523 y(9.5)100 b(Ho)m(w)33 b(to)f(include)g(external)h(pro)s(cesses)h |
| | 11642 | (in)e(PYTHIA)59 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11643 | g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(168)146 632 y(9.6)100 b(Ho)m(w)33 b(to)f(run)h(PYTHIA) |
| | 11644 | h(with)e(v)-5 b(arying)32 b(energies)j(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11645 | (.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(173)146 |
| | 11646 | 740 y(9.7)100 b(Other)33 b(Routines)f(and)h(Common)e(Blo)s(c)m(ks)79 |
| | 11647 | b(.)49 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11648 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(176)146 848 y(9.8)100 b(Examples)89 |
| | 11649 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.) |
| | 11650 | h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11651 | (.)g(.)43 b(189)0 1054 y Fo(10)34 b(Initial-)i(and)i(Final-State)f |
| | 11652 | (Radiation)1819 b(190)146 1162 y Fw(10.1)51 b(Sho)m(w)m(er)34 |
| | 11653 | b(Ev)m(olution)58 b(.)49 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f |
| | 11654 | (.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11655 | g(.)g(.)43 b(190)146 1271 y(10.2)51 b(Final-State)30 |
| | 11656 | b(Sho)m(w)m(ers)36 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h |
| | 11657 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11658 | g(.)43 b(193)146 1379 y(10.3)51 b(Initial-State)29 b(Sho)m(w)m(ers)77 |
| | 11659 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11660 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11661 | b(199)146 1488 y(10.4)51 b(Routines)32 b(and)h(Common)e(Blo)s(c)m(k)h |
| | 11662 | (V)-8 b(ariables)51 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h |
| | 11663 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(206)0 1693 y Fo(11)34 |
| | 11664 | b(Beam)j(Remnan)m(ts)h(and)g(Underlying)f(Ev)m(en)m(ts)1490 |
| | 11665 | b(213)146 1802 y Fw(11.1)51 b(Beam)32 b(Remnan)m(ts)d(.)50 |
| | 11666 | b(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11667 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11668 | b(213)146 1910 y(11.2)51 b(Multiple)31 b(In)m(teractions)64 |
| | 11669 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11670 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11671 | b(216)146 2018 y(11.3)51 b(Pile-up)31 b(Ev)m(en)m(ts)i(.)50 |
| | 11672 | b(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11673 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11674 | b(223)146 2127 y(11.4)51 b(Common)31 b(Blo)s(c)m(k)h(V)-8 |
| | 11675 | b(ariables)34 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11676 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11677 | b(224)0 2333 y Fo(12)34 b(F)-9 b(ragmen)m(tation)2752 |
| | 11678 | b(229)146 2441 y Fw(12.1)51 b(Fla)m(v)m(our)32 b(Selection)69 |
| | 11679 | b(.)49 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11680 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11681 | b(229)146 2549 y(12.2)51 b(String)31 b(F)-8 b(ragmen)m(tation)45 |
| | 11682 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11683 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11684 | b(233)146 2658 y(12.3)51 b(Indep)s(enden)m(t)35 b(F)-8 |
| | 11685 | b(ragmen)m(tation)84 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11686 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11687 | b(241)146 2766 y(12.4)51 b(Other)33 b(F)-8 b(ragmen)m(tation)30 |
| | 11688 | b(Asp)s(ects)80 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11689 | g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(243)0 |
| | 11690 | 2972 y Fo(13)34 b(P)m(articles)h(and)k(Their)d(Deca)m(ys)2140 |
| | 11691 | b(245)146 3080 y Fw(13.1)51 b(The)33 b(P)m(article)f(Con)m(ten)m(t)59 |
| | 11692 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11693 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11694 | b(245)146 3189 y(13.2)51 b(Masses,)34 b(Widths)f(and)g(Lifetimes)64 |
| | 11695 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.) |
| | 11696 | h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(246)146 3297 y(13.3)51 |
| | 11697 | b(Deca)m(ys)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11698 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.) |
| | 11699 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(248)0 3503 y Fo(14)34 b(The)k(JETSET)f |
| | 11700 | (Program)f(Elemen)m(ts)1861 b(254)146 3611 y Fw(14.1)51 |
| | 11701 | b(De\014nition)31 b(of)h(Initial)e(Con\014guration)h(or)i(V)-8 |
| | 11702 | b(ariables)54 b(.)c(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11703 | (.)g(.)43 b(254)146 3720 y(14.2)51 b(The)33 b(JETSET)i(Ph)m(ysics)f |
| | 11704 | (Routines)87 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11705 | (.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(256)146 |
| | 11706 | 3828 y(14.3)51 b(Ev)m(en)m(t)34 b(Study)g(and)e(Data)g(Listing)f |
| | 11707 | (Routines)f(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g |
| | 11708 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(259)146 3936 y(14.4)51 b(The)33 |
| | 11709 | b(General)f(Switc)m(hes)i(and)f(P)m(arameters)96 b(.)50 |
| | 11710 | b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11711 | (.)g(.)43 b(264)146 4045 y(14.5)51 b(Couplings)76 b(.)50 |
| | 11712 | b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g |
| | 11713 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11714 | 43 b(274)146 4153 y(14.6)51 b(F)-8 b(urther)32 b(P)m(arameters)h(and)g |
| | 11715 | (P)m(article)f(Data)100 b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11716 | f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(278)146 4261 |
| | 11717 | y(14.7)51 b(Miscellaneous)32 b(Commen)m(ts)46 b(.)k(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11718 | (.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11719 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(284)146 4370 y(14.8)51 b(Examples)89 |
| | 11720 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.) |
| | 11721 | h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11722 | (.)g(.)43 b(287)0 4576 y Fo(15)34 b(Ev)m(en)m(t)j(Analysis)g(Routines) |
| | 11723 | 2260 b(291)146 4684 y Fw(15.1)51 b(Ev)m(en)m(t)34 b(Shap)s(es)79 |
| | 11724 | b(.)50 b(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.) |
| | 11725 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11726 | b(291)146 4792 y(15.2)51 b(Cluster)33 b(Finding)58 b(.)50 |
| | 11727 | b(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g |
| | 11728 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11729 | b(295)146 4901 y(15.3)51 b(Ev)m(en)m(t)34 b(Statistics)59 |
| | 11730 | b(.)50 b(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.) |
| | 11731 | g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 |
| | 11732 | b(299)146 5009 y(15.4)51 b(Routines)32 b(and)h(Common)e(Blo)s(c)m(k)h |
| | 11733 | (V)-8 b(ariables)51 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h |
| | 11734 | (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b(301)0 5215 y Fo(16)34 |
| | 11735 | b(Summary)j(and)i(Outlo)s(ok)2344 b(312)0 5421 y(References)3087 |
| | 11736 | b(313)0 5627 y(Index)38 b(of)g(Subprograms)g(and)g(Common)f(Blo)s(c)m |
| | 11737 | (k)f(V)-9 b(ariables)1027 b(323)p eop |
| | 11738 | %%Page: 1 7 |
| | 11739 | 1 6 bop 0 -18 a Ft(1)161 b(In)l(tro)t(duction)0 189 y |
| | 11740 | Fw(Multiparticle)25 b(pro)s(duction)j(is)f(the)h(most)g(c)m |
| | 11741 | (haracteristic)f(feature)i(of)e(curren)m(t)i(high-energy)f(ph)m(ysics.) |
| | 11742 | 0 297 y(T)-8 b(o)s(da)m(y)g(,)30 b(observ)m(ed)h(particle)d(m)m |
| | 11743 | (ultiplicities)d(are)k(t)m(ypically)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(ten)f(and)f(a) |
| | 11744 | g(h)m(undred,)j(and)d(with)0 405 y(future)44 b(mac)m(hines)g(this)g |
| | 11745 | (range)g(will)d(b)s(e)k(extended)h(up)m(w)m(ards.)79 |
| | 11746 | b(The)45 b(bulk)f(of)f(the)i(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)40 b(is)0 |
| | 11747 | 514 y(found)33 b(in)f(jets,)h(i.e.)43 b(in)32 b(bunc)m(hes)j(of)e |
| | 11748 | (hadrons)g(\(or)f(deca)m(y)i(pro)s(ducts)g(of)e(hadrons\))h(pro)s |
| | 11749 | (duced)g(b)m(y)h(the)0 622 y(hadronization)d(of)h(quarks)i(and)e |
| | 11750 | (gluons.)0 870 y Fo(The)38 b(Complexit)m(y)d(of)j(High-Energy)e(Pro)s |
| | 11751 | (cesses)0 1042 y Fw(T)-8 b(o)37 b(\014rst)g(appro)m(ximation,)f(all)e |
| | 11752 | (pro)s(cesses)39 b(ha)m(v)m(e)f(a)f(simple)e(structure)j(at)e(the)h |
| | 11753 | (lev)m(el)g(of)f(in)m(teractions)0 1151 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)f |
| | 11754 | (fundamen)m(tal)f(ob)5 b(jects)38 b(of)f(nature,)i(i.e.)58 |
| | 11755 | b(quarks,)40 b(leptons)d(and)h(gauge)f(b)s(osons.)58 |
| | 11756 | b(F)-8 b(or)0 1259 y(instance,)28 b(a)f(lot)e(can)i(b)s(e)g(understo)s |
| | 11757 | (o)s(d)h(ab)s(out)e(the)h(structure)h(of)e(hadronic)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i |
| | 11758 | (at)d(LEP)i(just)f(from)0 1367 y(the)38 b(`sk)m(eleton')h(pro)s(cess)g |
| | 11759 | (e)995 1331 y Fl(+)1054 1367 y Fw(e)1097 1331 y Fk(\000)1193 |
| | 11760 | 1367 y Fn(!)d Fw(Z)1389 1331 y Fl(0)1464 1367 y Fn(!)g |
| | 11761 | Fw(q)p 1651 1314 52 4 v(q)q(.)58 b(Corrections)38 b(to)g(this)f |
| | 11762 | (picture)h(can)f(b)s(e)h(sub)s(divided,)0 1476 y(arbitrarily)30 |
| | 11763 | b(but)j(con)m(v)m(enien)m(tly)-8 b(,)34 b(in)m(to)d(three)j(main)c |
| | 11764 | (classes.)146 1584 y(Firstly)-8 b(,)41 b(there)f(are)g |
| | 11765 | (bremsstrahlung-t)m(yp)s(e)g(mo)s(di\014cations,)g(i.e.)65 |
| | 11766 | b(the)40 b(emission)f(of)g(additional)0 1692 y(\014nal-state)e |
| | 11767 | (particles)g(b)m(y)h(branc)m(hings)g(suc)m(h)i(as)d(e)g |
| | 11768 | Fn(!)f Fw(e)p Fj(\015)43 b Fw(or)37 b(q)g Fn(!)f Fw(qg)q(.)60 |
| | 11769 | b(Because)39 b(of)e(the)h(largeness)0 1801 y(of)f(the)h(strong)g |
| | 11770 | (coupling)e(constan)m(t)j Fj(\013)1449 1816 y Fl(s)1481 |
| | 11771 | 1801 y Fw(,)f(and)g(b)s(ecause)h(of)e(the)h(presence)i(of)d(the)h |
| | 11772 | (triple)e(gluon)h(v)m(er-)0 1909 y(tex,)c(QCD)g(emission)e(o\013)h |
| | 11773 | (quarks)i(and)f(gluons)f(is)g(esp)s(ecially)f(proli\014c.)42 |
| | 11774 | b(W)-8 b(e)33 b(therefore)g(sp)s(eak)h(ab)s(out)0 2017 |
| | 11775 | y(`parton)j(sho)m(w)m(ers',)k(wherein)d(a)e(single)h(initial)c(parton)k |
| | 11776 | (ma)m(y)g(giv)m(e)g(rise)g(to)g(a)g(whole)g(bunc)m(h)h(of)f(par-)0 |
| | 11777 | 2126 y(tons)k(in)g(the)g(\014nal)g(state.)69 b(Also)41 |
| | 11778 | b(photon)g(emission)f(ma)m(y)h(giv)m(e)g(sizeable)g(e\013ects)h(in)f(e) |
| | 11779 | 3281 2090 y Fl(+)3340 2126 y Fw(e)3383 2090 y Fk(\000)3484 |
| | 11780 | 2126 y Fw(and)g(ep)0 2234 y(pro)s(cesses.)55 b(The)37 |
| | 11781 | b(bulk)f(of)f(the)h(bremsstrahlung)g(corrections)g(are)g(univ)m(ersal,) |
| | 11782 | g(i.e.)53 b(do)36 b(not)f(dep)s(end)0 2342 y(on)f(the)g(details)f(of)g |
| | 11783 | (the)h(pro)s(cess)h(studied,)g(but)f(only)f(on)h(one)g(or)f(a)h(few)g |
| | 11784 | (k)m(ey)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers,)f(suc)m(h)g(as)f(the)0 2451 |
| | 11785 | y(momen)m(tum)h(transfer)i(scale)f(of)g(the)h(pro)s(cess.)56 |
| | 11786 | b(Suc)m(h)37 b(univ)m(ersal)g(corrections)f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(included)f |
| | 11787 | (to)0 2559 y(arbitrarily)g(high)h(orders,)k(using)d(a)g(probabilistic)e |
| | 11788 | (language.)60 b(Alternativ)m(ely)-8 b(,)39 b(exact)g(calculations)0 |
| | 11789 | 2667 y(of)44 b(bremsstrahlung)g(corrections)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(carried) |
| | 11790 | h(out)f(order)h(b)m(y)g(order)g(in)f(p)s(erturbation)g(the-)0 |
| | 11791 | 2776 y(ory)-8 b(,)33 b(but)h(rapidly)e(the)h(calculations)e(then)j(b)s |
| | 11792 | (ecome)f(prohibitiv)m(ely)e(complicated)h(and)h(the)h(answ)m(ers)0 |
| | 11793 | 2884 y(corresp)s(ondingly)e(length)m(y)-8 b(.)146 2992 |
| | 11794 | y(Secondly)g(,)31 b(w)m(e)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(`true')f(higher-order)f |
| | 11795 | (corrections,)h(whic)m(h)g(in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)g(a)f(com)m(bination)e(of)i |
| | 11796 | (lo)s(op)0 3101 y(graphs)35 b(and)h(the)f(soft)g(parts)h(of)e(the)i |
| | 11797 | (bremsstrahlung)f(graphs)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(a)e(com)m(bination)e |
| | 11798 | (needed)k(to)0 3209 y(cancel)30 b(some)f(div)m(ergences.)44 |
| | 11799 | b(In)30 b(a)g(complete)f(description)g(it)f(is)h(therefore)i(not)e(p)s |
| | 11800 | (ossible)g(to)g(consider)0 3318 y(bremsstrahlung)i(separately)-8 |
| | 11801 | b(,)32 b(as)g(assumed)g(here.)44 b(The)33 b(necessary)h(p)s(erturbativ) |
| | 11802 | m(e)e(calculations)d(are)0 3426 y(usually)i(v)m(ery)i(di\016cult;)e |
| | 11803 | (only)g(rarely)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(results)f(b)s(een)g(presen)m(ted)i(that)d |
| | 11804 | (include)g(more)g(than)g(one)0 3534 y(non-`trivial')h(order,)k(i.e.)50 |
| | 11805 | b(more)34 b(than)h(one)g(lo)s(op.)49 b(As)36 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)g(answ)m |
| | 11806 | (ers)h(are)e(usually)f(v)m(ery)i(length)m(y)-8 b(,)0 |
| | 11807 | 3643 y(but)47 b(some)f(results)i(are)e(su\016cien)m(tly)i(simple)d(to)h |
| | 11808 | (b)s(e)h(generally)f(kno)m(wn)i(and)f(used,)k(suc)m(h)d(as)f(the)0 |
| | 11809 | 3751 y(running)38 b(of)g Fj(\013)548 3766 y Fl(s)580 |
| | 11810 | 3751 y Fw(,)i(or)e(the)g(correction)g(factor)g(1)26 b(+)g |
| | 11811 | Fj(\013)1930 3766 y Fl(s)1962 3751 y Fj(=\031)k Fw(+)c |
| | 11812 | Fn(\001)17 b(\001)g(\001)36 b Fw(in)i(the)g(partial)e(widths)j(of)f(Z) |
| | 11813 | 3463 3715 y Fl(0)3539 3751 y Fn(!)g Fw(q)p 3728 3698 |
| | 11814 | V(q)0 3859 y(deca)m(y)29 b(c)m(hannels.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)26 |
| | 11815 | b(high-precision)g(studies)i(it)f(is)g(imp)s(erativ)m(e)f(to)h(tak)m(e) |
| | 11816 | h(in)m(to)f(accoun)m(t)h(the)g(results)0 3968 y(of)c(lo)s(op)f |
| | 11817 | (calculations,)h(but)g(usually)g(e\013ects)h(are)g(minor)d(for)i(the)h |
| | 11818 | (qualitativ)m(e)d(asp)s(ects)k(of)e(high-energy)0 4076 |
| | 11819 | y(pro)s(cesses.)146 4184 y(Thirdly)-8 b(,)44 b(quarks)f(and)f(gluons)g |
| | 11820 | (are)g(con\014ned.)72 b(In)43 b(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(p)s(oin)m(ts)e(ab)s |
| | 11821 | (o)m(v)m(e,)k(w)m(e)e(ha)m(v)m(e)h(used)f(a)0 4293 y(p)s(erturbativ)m |
| | 11822 | (e)37 b(language)f(to)g(describ)s(e)h(the)g(short-distance)g(in)m |
| | 11823 | (teractions)f(of)h(quarks,)i(leptons)d(and)0 4401 y(gauge)d(b)s(osons.) |
| | 11824 | 46 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(leptons)h(and)g(colourless)g(b)s(osons)h(this)e |
| | 11825 | (language)g(is)h(su\016cien)m(t.)46 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)36 |
| | 11826 | b(for)0 4509 y(quarks)c(and)g(gluons)e(it)g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)h |
| | 11827 | (complemen)m(ted)e(with)h(a)g(picture)g(for)f(the)i(hadronization)d |
| | 11828 | (pro)s(cess)0 4618 y(\(whic)m(h)35 b(can)g(b)s(e)g(sub)s(divided)g(in)m |
| | 11829 | (to)f(fragmen)m(tation)f(and)i(deca)m(ys\),)i(wherein)f(the)f(coloured) |
| | 11830 | f(partons)0 4726 y(are)45 b(transformed)g(in)m(to)g(jets)h(of)f |
| | 11831 | (colourless)g(hadrons,)k(photons)d(and)g(leptons.)82 |
| | 11832 | b(This)45 b(pro)s(cess)i(is)0 4834 y(still)42 b(not)i(y)m(et)h |
| | 11833 | (understo)s(o)s(d)f(from)f(\014rst)i(principles,)h(but)e(has)h(to)e(b)s |
| | 11834 | (e)i(based)g(on)f(mo)s(dels.)77 b(In)44 b(one)0 4943 |
| | 11835 | y(sense,)37 b(hadronization)32 b(e\013ects)k(are)e(o)m(v)m |
| | 11836 | (erwhelmingly)g(large,)f(since)i(this)f(is)g(where)h(the)g(bulk)f(of)g |
| | 11837 | (the)0 5051 y(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)22 b(comes)j(from.)40 |
| | 11838 | b(In)26 b(another)f(sense,)k(the)d(o)m(v)m(erall)e(energy)j(\015o)m(w)f |
| | 11839 | (of)e(a)i(high-energy)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)0 5159 y(mainly)j(determined)i |
| | 11840 | (b)m(y)h(the)f(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)h(pro)s(cesses,)h(with)e(only)f(a)h |
| | 11841 | (minor)e(additional)g(smearing)0 5268 y(caused)41 b(b)m(y)h(the)e |
| | 11842 | (hadronization)f(step.)67 b(One)40 b(ma)m(y)g(therefore)h(pic)m(k)f |
| | 11843 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(lev)m(els)f(of)g(am)m(bition,)0 5376 |
| | 11844 | y(but)33 b(in)f(general)g(detailed)f(studies)i(require)g(a)g(detailed)e |
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| | 11846 | 5484 y(The)45 b(simple)c(structure)k(that)e(w)m(e)i(started)f(out)f |
| | 11847 | (with)g(has)h(no)m(w)g(b)s(ecome)f(considerably)g(more)0 |
| | 11848 | 5593 y(complex)38 b(|)h(instead)f(of)h(ma)m(yb)s(e)g(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 11849 | (\014nal-state)f(partons)h(w)m(e)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(a)f(h)m(undred)h |
| | 11850 | (\014nal)e(particles.)1865 5953 y(1)p eop |
| | 11851 | %%Page: 2 8 |
| | 11852 | 2 7 bop 0 -18 a Fw(The)35 b(original)c(ph)m(ysics)k(is)f(not)g(gone,)g |
| | 11853 | (but)h(the)f(sk)m(eleton)h(pro)s(cess)g(has)g(b)s(een)f(dressed)i(up)f |
| | 11854 | (and)f(is)g(no)0 90 y(longer)h(directly)g(visible.)52 |
| | 11855 | b(A)36 b(direct)f(comparison)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(theory)e(and)g(exp)s |
| | 11856 | (erimen)m(t)g(is)f(therefore)0 198 y(complicated)c(at)h(b)s(est,)h(and) |
| | 11857 | g(imp)s(ossible)d(at)j(w)m(orst.)0 446 y Fo(Ev)m(en)m(t)k(Generators)0 |
| | 11858 | 619 y Fw(It)d(is)g(here)h(that)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generators)e(come)h(to)f |
| | 11859 | (the)g(rescue.)51 b(In)34 b(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generator,)f(the)f(ob)5 |
| | 11860 | b(jectiv)m(e)0 727 y(striv)m(ed)37 b(for)f(is)g(to)g(use)h(computers)g |
| | 11861 | (to)f(generate)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(as)f(detailed)e(as)i(could)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 11862 | (observ)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(a)0 835 y(p)s(erfect)h(detector.)57 |
| | 11863 | b(This)37 b(is)g(not)g(done)g(in)f(one)i(step,)h(but)e(rather)g(b)m(y)h |
| | 11864 | (`factorizing')d(the)j(full)d(prob-)0 944 y(lem)g(in)m(to)h(a)h(n)m(um) |
| | 11865 | m(b)s(er)g(of)f(comp)s(onen)m(ts,)j(eac)m(h)e(of)g(whic)m(h)g(can)g(b)s |
| | 11866 | (e)g(handled)g(reasonably)f(accurately)-8 b(.)0 1052 |
| | 11867 | y(Basically)g(,)35 b(this)g(means)h(that)g(the)g(hard)g(pro)s(cess)i |
| | 11868 | (is)d(used)i(as)f(input)g(to)f(generate)i(bremsstrahlung)0 |
| | 11869 | 1160 y(corrections,)28 b(and)g(that)e(the)i(result)f(of)f(this)h |
| | 11870 | (exercise)h(is)f(thereafter)h(left)e(to)h(hadronize.)41 |
| | 11871 | b(This)27 b(sounds)0 1269 y(a)j(bit)f(easier)h(than)h(it)e(really)g(is) |
| | 11872 | g(|)h(else)g(this)g(rep)s(ort)g(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)h(a)e(lot)g(thinner.) |
| | 11873 | 43 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33 b(the)e(basic)0 1377 y(idea)26 |
| | 11874 | b(is)f(there:)41 b(if)25 b(the)i(full)d(problem)h(is)h(to)s(o)f |
| | 11875 | (complicated)g(to)g(b)s(e)i(solv)m(ed)f(in)g(one)g(go,)h(try)g(to)f |
| | 11876 | (sub)s(divide)0 1485 y(it)h(in)m(to)h(smaller)e(tasks)j(of)f |
| | 11877 | (manageable)e(prop)s(ortions.)41 b(In)29 b(the)f(actual)f(generation)h |
| | 11878 | (pro)s(cedure,)i(most)0 1594 y(steps)k(therefore)f(in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)g |
| | 11879 | (the)g(branc)m(hing)g(of)f(one)g(ob)5 b(ject)34 b(in)m(to)e(t)m(w)m(o,) |
| | 11880 | h(or)f(at)g(least)h(in)m(to)e(a)i(v)m(ery)h(small)0 1702 |
| | 11881 | y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)f(eac)m(h)g(of)e(whic)m(h)i(b)s(eing)e(free)i(to)f |
| | 11882 | (branc)m(h)h(in)e(its)h(turn.)43 b(A)32 b(lot)f(of)h(b)s(o)s(okk)m |
| | 11883 | (eeping)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed,)0 1810 y(but)h(m)m(uc)m(h)g(is)f(of)g |
| | 11884 | (a)g(rep)s(etitiv)m(e)h(nature,)g(and)f(can)h(therefore)g(b)s(e)g(left) |
| | 11885 | f(for)g(the)h(computer)f(to)h(handle.)146 1919 y(As)45 |
| | 11886 | b(the)f(name)f(indicates,)j(the)e(output)g(of)f(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j |
| | 11887 | (generator)d(should)h(b)s(e)g(in)f(the)h(form)e(of)0 |
| | 11888 | 2027 y(`ev)m(en)m(ts',)49 b(with)44 b(the)g(same)g(a)m(v)m(erage)h(b)s |
| | 11889 | (eha)m(viour)f(and)g(the)g(same)g(\015uctuations)g(as)g(real)f(data.)77 |
| | 11890 | b(In)0 2135 y(the)43 b(data,)h(\015uctuations)f(arise)e(from)h(the)g |
| | 11891 | (quan)m(tum)h(mec)m(hanics)g(of)e(the)i(underlying)f(theory)-8 |
| | 11892 | b(.)73 b(In)0 2244 y(generators,)36 b(Mon)m(te)g(Carlo)e(tec)m(hniques) |
| | 11893 | j(are)e(used)h(to)e(select)i(all)d(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)35 |
| | 11894 | b(v)-5 b(ariables)33 b(according)i(to)0 2352 y(the)g(desired)f |
| | 11895 | (probabilit)m(y)e(distributions,)h(and)i(thereb)m(y)h(ensure)f |
| | 11896 | (randomness)g(in)e(the)i(\014nal)e(ev)m(en)m(ts.)0 2460 |
| | 11897 | y(Clearly)e(some)h(loss)g(of)g(information)d(is)j(en)m(tailed:)42 |
| | 11898 | b(quan)m(tum)33 b(mec)m(hanics)f(is)g(based)h(on)f(amplitudes,)0 |
| | 11899 | 2569 y(not)j(probabilities.)48 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)39 |
| | 11900 | b(only)34 b(v)m(ery)j(rarely)e(do)g(\(kno)m(wn\))h(in)m(terference)g |
| | 11901 | (phenomena)g(app)s(ear)0 2677 y(that)e(cannot)h(b)s(e)g(cast)g(in)f(a)g |
| | 11902 | (probabilistic)e(language.)48 b(This)35 b(is)f(therefore)h(not)g(a)f |
| | 11903 | (more)g(restraining)0 2785 y(appro)m(ximation)c(than)j(man)m(y)g |
| | 11904 | (others.)146 2894 y(Once)41 b(there,)h(an)e(ev)m(en)m(t)i(generator)d |
| | 11905 | (can)i(b)s(e)f(used)h(in)e(man)m(y)g(di\013eren)m(t)h(w)m(a)m(ys.)67 |
| | 11906 | b(The)41 b(\014v)m(e)g(main)0 3002 y(applications)30 |
| | 11907 | b(are)j(probably)f(the)h(follo)m(wing:)145 3115 y Fn(\017)49 |
| | 11908 | b Fw(T)-8 b(o)30 b(giv)m(e)h(ph)m(ysicists)h(a)e(feeling)f(for)h(the)h |
| | 11909 | (kind)g(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(one)f(ma)m(y)g(exp)s(ect/hop)s(e)h(to)e |
| | 11910 | (\014nd,)h(and)244 3224 y(at)h(what)h(rates.)145 3341 |
| | 11911 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(As)36 b(a)g(help)f(in)g(the)i(planning)d(of)h(a)h |
| | 11912 | (new)h(detector,)g(so)f(that)g(detector)g(p)s(erformance)g(is)f(opti-) |
| | 11913 | 244 3450 y(mized,)d(within)f(other)i(constrain)m(ts,)g(for)f(the)h |
| | 11914 | (study)h(of)e(in)m(teresting)g(ph)m(ysics)i(scenarios.)145 |
| | 11915 | 3568 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(As)38 b(a)g(to)s(ol)e(for)h(devising)g(the)h |
| | 11916 | (analysis)f(strategies)h(that)g(should)f(b)s(e)h(used)h(on)f(real)f |
| | 11917 | (data,)h(so)244 3676 y(that)32 b(signal-to-bac)m(kground)f(conditions)h |
| | 11918 | (are)g(optimized.)145 3794 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(As)30 b(a)g(metho)s(d)f |
| | 11919 | (for)g(estimating)e(detector)k(acceptance)g(corrections)f(that)f(ha)m |
| | 11920 | (v)m(e)i(to)f(b)s(e)g(applied)244 3902 y(to)i(ra)m(w)h(data,)f(in)g |
| | 11921 | (order)h(to)f(extract)h(the)g(`true')h(ph)m(ysics)g(signal.)145 |
| | 11922 | 4020 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(As)40 b(a)f(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)j(framew)m(ork)d |
| | 11923 | (within)g(whic)m(h)h(to)f(in)m(terpret)h(the)g(observ)m(ed)h(phenomena) |
| | 11924 | f(in)244 4128 y(terms)32 b(of)g(a)h(more)f(fundamen)m(tal)f(underlying) |
| | 11925 | h(theory)i(\(usually)d(the)i(Standard)g(Mo)s(del\).)146 |
| | 11926 | 4241 y(Where)k(do)s(es)e(a)g(generator)h(\014t)f(in)m(to)g(the)g(o)m(v) |
| | 11927 | m(erall)g(analysis)f(c)m(hain)i(of)f(an)g(exp)s(erimen)m(t?)52 |
| | 11928 | b(In)35 b(`real)0 4350 y(life',)30 b(the)j(mac)m(hine)e(pro)s(duces)i |
| | 11929 | (in)m(teractions.)42 b(These)34 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)g(are)e(observ)m(ed)h(b) |
| | 11930 | m(y)g(detectors,)g(and)f(the)0 4458 y(in)m(teresting)26 |
| | 11931 | b(ones)i(are)f(written)f(to)h(tap)s(e)f(b)m(y)i(the)f(data)f |
| | 11932 | (acquisition)f(system.)43 b(Afterw)m(ards)28 b(the)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)0 |
| | 11933 | 4566 y(ma)m(y)32 b(b)s(e)h(reconstructed,)i(i.e.)43 b(the)34 |
| | 11934 | b(electronics)e(signals)g(\(from)f(wire)i(c)m(ham)m(b)s(ers,)g |
| | 11935 | (calorimeters,)e(and)0 4675 y(all)h(the)j(rest\))h(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)h |
| | 11936 | (translated)f(in)m(to)g(a)g(deduced)i(setup)g(of)e(c)m(harged)h(trac)m |
| | 11937 | (ks)h(or)e(neutral)g(energy)0 4783 y(dep)s(ositions,)39 |
| | 11938 | b(in)e(the)i(b)s(est)g(of)f(w)m(orlds)g(with)g(full)e(kno)m(wledge)j |
| | 11939 | (of)f(momen)m(ta)f(and)h(particle)f(sp)s(ecies.)0 4891 |
| | 11940 | y(Based)32 b(on)f(this)g(cleaned-up)h(information,)c(one)k(ma)m(y)f |
| | 11941 | (pro)s(ceed)h(with)f(the)g(ph)m(ysics)i(analysis.)42 |
| | 11942 | b(In)32 b(the)0 5000 y(Mon)m(te)39 b(Carlo)d(w)m(orld,)j(the)g(r^)-49 |
| | 11943 | b(ole)37 b(of)g(the)h(mac)m(hine,)h(namely)e(to)g(pro)s(duce)i(ev)m(en) |
| | 11944 | m(ts,)i(is)d(tak)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(the)0 5108 y(ev)m(en)m(t)30 |
| | 11945 | b(generators)e(describ)s(ed)g(in)f(this)g(rep)s(ort.)42 |
| | 11946 | b(The)29 b(b)s(eha)m(viour)e(of)h(the)g(detectors)h(|)e(ho)m(w)h |
| | 11947 | (particles)0 5216 y(pro)s(duced)38 b(b)m(y)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h |
| | 11948 | (generator)e(tra)m(v)m(erse)i(the)e(detector,)i(spiral)d(in)g(magnetic) |
| | 11949 | g(\014elds,)j(sho)m(w)m(er)0 5325 y(in)g(calorimeters,)i(or)f(sneak)h |
| | 11950 | (out)f(through)g(crac)m(ks,)k(etc.)67 b(|)40 b(is)f(sim)m(ulated)g(in)g |
| | 11951 | (programs)h(suc)m(h)h(as)0 5433 y Fm(Geant)i Fw([Bru89].)76 |
| | 11952 | b(T)-8 b(raditionally)g(,)43 b(this)h(latter)e(activit)m(y)h(is)g |
| | 11953 | (called)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(sim)m(ulation,)f(whic)m(h)g(is)0 |
| | 11954 | 5541 y(somewhat)32 b(unfortunate)h(since)f(the)h(same)f(w)m(ords)h |
| | 11955 | (could)f(equally)f(w)m(ell)h(b)s(e)g(applied)f(to)h(what,)h(here,)0 |
| | 11956 | 5650 y(w)m(e)41 b(call)c(ev)m(en)m(t)42 b(generation.)63 |
| | 11957 | b(A)40 b(more)f(appropriate)f(term)h(is)g(detector)h(sim)m(ulation.)62 |
| | 11958 | b(Ideally)-8 b(,)40 b(the)1865 5953 y(2)p eop |
| | 11959 | %%Page: 3 9 |
| | 11960 | 3 8 bop 0 -18 a Fw(output)38 b(of)f(this)h(sim)m(ulation)d(has)j |
| | 11961 | (exactly)g(the)g(same)g(format)e(as)i(the)g(real)f(data)h(recorded)g(b) |
| | 11962 | m(y)h(the)0 90 y(detector,)45 b(and)d(can)f(therefore)i(b)s(e)f(put)f |
| | 11963 | (through)h(the)g(same)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(reconstruction)f(and)g(ph)m |
| | 11964 | (ysics)0 198 y(analysis)35 b(c)m(hain,)i(except)g(that)f(here)h(w)m(e)f |
| | 11965 | (kno)m(w)h(what)g(the)f(`righ)m(t)f(answ)m(er')i(should)f(b)s(e,)h(and) |
| | 11966 | f(so)g(can)0 307 y(see)e(ho)m(w)f(w)m(ell)f(w)m(e)h(are)g(doing.)146 |
| | 11967 | 415 y(Since)49 b(the)h(full)d(c)m(hain)h(of)h(detector)g(sim)m(ulation) |
| | 11968 | e(and)h(ev)m(en)m(t)j(reconstruction)f(is)e(v)m(ery)i(time-)0 |
| | 11969 | 523 y(consuming,)f(one)e(often)f(do)s(es)h(`quic)m(k)g(and)g(dirt)m(y') |
| | 11970 | f(studies)h(in)e(whic)m(h)i(these)h(steps)f(are)g(skipp)s(ed)0 |
| | 11971 | 632 y(en)m(tirely)-8 b(,)37 b(or)e(at)h(least)g(replaced)g(b)m(y)h(v)m |
| | 11972 | (ery)h(simpli\014ed)c(pro)s(cedures)j(whic)m(h)g(only)e(tak)m(e)i(in)m |
| | 11973 | (to)f(accoun)m(t)0 740 y(the)d(geometric)f(acceptance)i(of)f(the)g |
| | 11974 | (detector)g(and)g(other)g(trivial)e(e\013ects.)45 b(One)33 |
| | 11975 | b(ma)m(y)g(then)g(use)h(the)0 848 y(output)f(of)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h |
| | 11976 | (generator)f(directly)f(in)g(the)h(ph)m(ysics)h(studies.)146 |
| | 11977 | 957 y(There)42 b(are)f(still)e(man)m(y)i(holes)g(in)f(our)h |
| | 11978 | (understanding)g(of)f(the)i(full)d(ev)m(en)m(t)k(structure,)h(despite)0 |
| | 11979 | 1065 y(an)f(impressiv)m(e)g(amoun)m(t)g(of)g(w)m(ork)h(and)f(detailed)g |
| | 11980 | (calculations.)73 b(T)-8 b(o)44 b(put)f(together)h(a)e(generator)0 |
| | 11981 | 1173 y(therefore)c(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed)g(making)e(a)h(c)m(hoice)h(on)f |
| | 11982 | (what)h(to)f(include,)h(and)f(ho)m(w)h(to)f(include)g(it.)57 |
| | 11983 | b(A)m(t)38 b(b)s(est,)0 1282 y(the)f(spread)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h |
| | 11984 | (generators)f(can)f(b)s(e)h(used)g(to)f(giv)m(e)g(some)g(impression)f |
| | 11985 | (of)h(the)g(uncertain)m(ties)0 1390 y(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed.)42 |
| | 11986 | b(A)28 b(m)m(ultitude)f(of)g(appro)m(ximations)f(will)g(b)s(e)i |
| | 11987 | (discussed)h(in)f(the)g(main)e(part)i(of)f(this)h(rep)s(ort,)0 |
| | 11988 | 1498 y(but)36 b(already)f(here)h(is)f(should)h(b)s(e)f(noted)h(that)g |
| | 11989 | (man)m(y)f(ma)5 b(jor)34 b(appro)m(ximations)g(are)i(related)f(to)g |
| | 11990 | (the)0 1607 y(almost)h(complete)g(neglect)i(of)f(the)h(second)g(p)s |
| | 11991 | (oin)m(t)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(i.e.)58 b(of)37 b(the)h(non-`trivial')c |
| | 11992 | (higher-order)0 1715 y(e\013ects.)43 b(It)28 b(can)g(therefore)g(only)f |
| | 11993 | (b)s(e)g(hop)s(ed)h(that)g(the)g(`trivial')d(higher)i(order)g(parts)h |
| | 11994 | (giv)m(e)g(the)g(bulk)f(of)0 1823 y(the)f(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)f(b)s(eha) |
| | 11995 | m(viour.)41 b(By)27 b(and)e(large,)i(this)e(seems)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(the)g |
| | 11996 | (case;)j(for)d(e)3083 1787 y Fl(+)3142 1823 y Fw(e)3185 |
| | 11997 | 1787 y Fk(\000)3270 1823 y Fw(annihilation)0 1932 y(it)32 |
| | 11998 | b(ev)m(en)i(turns)f(out)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(a)h(v)m(ery)h(go)s(o)s(d)d |
| | 11999 | (appro)m(ximation.)146 2040 y(The)h(necessit)m(y)h(to)d(mak)m(e)h |
| | 12000 | (compromises)f(has)h(one)g(ma)5 b(jor)30 b(implication:)38 |
| | 12001 | b(to)31 b(write)f(a)h(go)s(o)s(d)f(ev)m(en)m(t)0 2148 |
| | 12002 | y(generator)42 b(is)g(an)h(art,)h(not)e(an)h(exact)g(science.)74 |
| | 12003 | b(It)43 b(is)f(therefore)h(essen)m(tial)f(not)g(to)g(blindly)f(trust)0 |
| | 12004 | 2257 y(the)j(results)f(of)g(an)m(y)h(single)e(ev)m(en)m(t)j(generator,) |
| | 12005 | i(but)c(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(to)f(mak)m(e)g(sev)m(eral)h(cross-c)m(hec)m(ks.) |
| | 12006 | 79 b(In)0 2365 y(addition,)23 b(with)f(computer)g(programs)g(of)g(tens) |
| | 12007 | h(of)f(thousands)i(of)e(lines,)i(the)f(question)g(is)f(not)g(whether)0 |
| | 12008 | 2473 y(bugs)37 b(exist,)h(but)f(ho)m(w)g(man)m(y)g(there)g(are,)g(and)g |
| | 12009 | (ho)m(w)g(critical)d(their)i(p)s(ositions.)55 b(F)-8 |
| | 12010 | b(urther,)37 b(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)0 2582 y(generator)f(cannot)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 12011 | (though)m(t)g(of)f(as)h(all-p)s(o)m(w)m(erful,)e(or)i(able)f(to)g(giv)m |
| | 12012 | (e)h(in)m(telligen)m(t)d(answ)m(ers)k(to)f(ill-)0 2690 |
| | 12013 | y(p)s(osed)g(questions;)h(sound)f(judgemen)m(t)g(and)f(some)g |
| | 12014 | (understanding)h(of)f(a)g(generator)g(are)g(necessary)0 |
| | 12015 | 2798 y(prerequisites)28 b(for)e(successful)i(use.)43 |
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| | 12020 | b(of)f(ph)m(ysics)i(at)e(curren)m(t)i(or)e(future)h(high-energy)g |
| | 12021 | (colliders.)0 3263 y Fo(The)38 b(Origins)e(of)h(the)h(JETSET)e(and)j |
| | 12022 | (PYTHIA)c(Programs)0 3436 y Fw(Ov)m(er)42 b(the)f(y)m(ears,)k(man)m(y)c |
| | 12023 | (ev)m(en)m(t)i(generators)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(app)s(eared.)69 |
| | 12024 | b(Surv)m(eys)43 b(of)e(generators)g(for)g(e)3618 3399 |
| | 12025 | y Fl(+)3677 3436 y Fw(e)3720 3399 y Fk(\000)0 3544 y |
| | 12026 | Fw(ph)m(ysics)33 b(in)e(general)h(and)f(LEP)i(in)e(particular)f(ma)m(y) |
| | 12027 | h(b)s(e)h(found)g(in)f([Kle89)o(,)h(Sj\177)-49 b(o89)o(],)32 |
| | 12028 | b(for)g(high-energy)0 3652 y(hadron{hadron)c(\(pp\))g(ph)m(ysics)h(in)e |
| | 12029 | ([Ans90)q(,)h(Sj\177)-49 b(o92)o(,)28 b(Kno93)o(],)h(and)f(for)f(ep)i |
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| | 12031 | b(the)h(reader)g(to)e(those)i(for)f(additional)d(details)i(and)h |
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| | 12033 | 3869 y(the)d(t)m(w)m(o)g(closely)f(connected)j(programs)c |
| | 12034 | Fm(Jetset)h Fw(and)h Fm(Pythia)f Fw(will)e(b)s(e)j(describ)s(ed.)146 |
| | 12035 | 3977 y Fm(Jetset)k Fw(has)i(its)e(ro)s(ots)h(in)f(the)h(e\013orts)h(of) |
| | 12036 | e(the)i(Lund)f(group)g(to)g(understand)h(the)g(hadroniza-)0 |
| | 12037 | 4086 y(tion)g(pro)s(cess,)k(starting)c(in)h(the)g(late)f(sev)m(en)m |
| | 12038 | (ties)j([And83)q(].)65 b(The)41 b(so-called)e(string)g(fragmen)m |
| | 12039 | (tation)0 4194 y(mo)s(del)30 b(w)m(as)j(dev)m(elop)s(ed)f(as)g(an)g |
| | 12040 | (explicit)e(and)i(detailed)f(framew)m(ork,)h(within)f(whic)m(h)h(the)g |
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| | 12042 | (to)g(distribute)f(the)i(energies)g(and)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g(of)f(a)h |
| | 12043 | (parton)f(con\014g-)0 4411 y(uration)k(among)h(a)g(collection)f(of)h |
| | 12044 | (primary)f(hadrons,)k(whic)m(h)e(subsequen)m(tly)j(ma)m(y)c(deca)m(y)i |
| | 12045 | (further.)0 4519 y(This)31 b(mo)s(del,)f(kno)m(wn)j(as)e(the)h(Lund)g |
| | 12046 | (string)f(mo)s(del,)e(or)i(`Lund')h(for)f(short,)h(con)m(tained)f(a)g |
| | 12047 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)0 4627 y(sp)s(eci\014c)39 b(predictions,)h(whic)m |
| | 12048 | (h)f(w)m(ere)h(con\014rmed)f(b)m(y)h(data)e(from)f(PETRA)j(and)f(PEP)-8 |
| | 12049 | b(,)40 b(whence)g(the)0 4736 y(mo)s(del)e(gained)h(a)g(widespread)h |
| | 12050 | (acceptance.)66 b(The)41 b(Lund)f(string)f(mo)s(del)e(is)i(still)f(to)s |
| | 12051 | (da)m(y)h(the)h(most)0 4844 y(elab)s(orate)34 b(and)h(widely)f(used)i |
| | 12052 | (fragmen)m(tation)d(mo)s(del)h(at)g(our)h(disp)s(osal.)49 |
| | 12053 | b(It)35 b(remains)f(at)h(the)g(heart)0 4952 y(of)d(the)h |
| | 12054 | Fm(Jetset/Pythia)f Fw(programs.)146 5061 y(In)22 b(order)g(to)g |
| | 12055 | (predict)g(the)g(shap)s(e)g(of)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(at)d(PETRA/PEP)-8 |
| | 12056 | b(,)24 b(and)e(to)f(study)i(the)f(fragmen)m(tation)0 |
| | 12057 | 5169 y(pro)s(cess)48 b(in)f(detail,)i(it)d(w)m(as)i(necessary)i(to)d |
| | 12058 | (start)g(out)g(from)f(the)i(partonic)e(con\014gurations)h(that)0 |
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| | 12060 | (complete)f(e)2022 5241 y Fl(+)2081 5277 y Fw(e)2124 |
| | 12061 | 5241 y Fk(\000)2214 5277 y Fw(hadronic)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(w)m(as)e |
| | 12062 | (therefore)g(added,)0 5386 y(originally)19 b(based)k(on)f(simple)f |
| | 12063 | Fj(\015)28 b Fw(exc)m(hange)c(and)e(\014rst-order)h(QCD)f(matrix)f |
| | 12064 | (elemen)m(ts,)k(later)c(extended)0 5494 y(to)28 b(full)e |
| | 12065 | Fj(\015)337 5458 y Fk(\003)376 5494 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)485 |
| | 12066 | 5458 y Fl(0)552 5494 y Fw(exc)m(hange)k(with)e(\014rst-order)g |
| | 12067 | (initial-state)d(QED)i(radiation)f(and)j(second-order)g(QCD)0 |
| | 12068 | 5602 y(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts.)43 b(A)30 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(utilit) |
| | 12069 | m(y)f(routines)i(w)m(ere)h(also)d(pro)m(vided)j(early)e(on,)h(for)f(ev) |
| | 12070 | m(erything)1865 5953 y(3)p eop |
| | 12071 | %%Page: 4 10 |
| | 12072 | 4 9 bop 0 -18 a Fw(from)31 b(ev)m(en)m(t)k(listing)30 |
| | 12073 | b(to)i(jet)h(\014nding.)146 90 y(By)41 b(the)g(mid-eigh)m(ties)d(it)h |
| | 12074 | (w)m(as)i(clear)f(that)g(the)g(matrix-elemen)m(t)e(approac)m(h)j(had)f |
| | 12075 | (reac)m(hed)i(the)0 198 y(limit)21 b(of)j(its)g(usefulness,)j(in)d(the) |
| | 12076 | h(sense)h(that)e(it)f(could)h(not)h(fully)e(describ)s(e)i(the)f(m)m |
| | 12077 | (ultijet)f(top)s(ologies)f(of)0 307 y(the)30 b(data.)42 |
| | 12078 | b(\(Later)29 b(on,)h(the)g(use)h(of)e(optimized)e(p)s(erturbation)i |
| | 12079 | (theory)h(w)m(as)g(to)g(lead)e(to)h(a)h(resurgence)0 |
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| | 12081 | (for)g(sp)s(eci\014c)h(applications.\))50 b(Therefore)37 |
| | 12082 | b(a)e(parton-)0 523 y(sho)m(w)m(er)j(description)e(w)m(as)h(dev)m(elop) |
| | 12083 | s(ed)g([Ben87a])f(as)g(an)g(alternativ)m(e)g(to)g(the)g(matrix-elemen)m |
| | 12084 | (t)e(one.)0 632 y(The)42 b(com)m(bination)c(of)i(parton)g(sho)m(w)m |
| | 12085 | (ers)j(and)e(string)f(fragmen)m(tation)e(has)j(b)s(een)h(v)m(ery)g |
| | 12086 | (successful,)0 740 y(and)33 b(forms)e(the)i(main)e(approac)m(h)i(to)g |
| | 12087 | (the)g(description)f(of)g(hadronic)g(Z)2649 704 y Fl(0)2720 |
| | 12088 | 740 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts.)146 848 y(In)e(recen)m(t)g(y)m(ears,)h |
| | 12089 | Fm(Jetset)d Fw(has)h(b)s(een)h(a)f(fairly)e(stable)h(pro)s(duct,)i(co)m |
| | 12090 | (v)m(ering)g(the)f(four)g(main)e(areas)0 957 y(of)32 |
| | 12091 | b(fragmen)m(tation,)f(\014nal-state)h(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ers,)j(e)1966 |
| | 12092 | 920 y Fl(+)2025 957 y Fw(e)2068 920 y Fk(\000)2160 957 |
| | 12093 | y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)g(generation)c(and)i(general)f(utilities.)146 |
| | 12094 | 1065 y(The)e(successes)h(of)d(string)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(in)i(e)1909 |
| | 12095 | 1029 y Fl(+)1968 1065 y Fw(e)2011 1029 y Fk(\000)2099 |
| | 12096 | 1065 y Fw(made)f(it)h(in)m(teresting)g(to)g(try)g(to)g(extend)i(this)0 |
| | 12097 | 1173 y(framew)m(ork)43 b(to)g(other)g(pro)s(cesses,)k(and)d(explore)f |
| | 12098 | (p)s(ossible)f(ph)m(ysics)i(consequences.)79 b(Therefore)44 |
| | 12099 | b(a)0 1282 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)31 b(of)g(other)g(programs)f(w)m(ere)j |
| | 12100 | (written,)e(whic)m(h)g(com)m(bined)g(a)g(pro)s(cess-sp)s(eci\014c)h |
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| | 12102 | (general)e(fragmen)m(tation)f(framew)m(ork)j(of)34 b |
| | 12103 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)41 b(The)29 b Fm(Pythia)0 1498 y Fw(program)34 |
| | 12104 | b(ev)m(olv)m(ed)i(out)f(of)g(early)f(studies)i(on)f(\014xed-target)g |
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| | 12108 | (higher)f(energies,)j(\014rst)e(to)f(the)h(SPS)g(p)p |
| | 12109 | 3352 1662 55 4 v(p)g(collider,)0 1823 y(and)j(later)f(to)h(SSC)h(and)g |
| | 12110 | (LHC,)f(in)g(the)g(con)m(text)i(of)d(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(w)m |
| | 12111 | (orkshops)i(in)d(the)i(USA)f(and)0 1932 y(Europ)s(e.)g(P)m(arton)25 |
| | 12112 | b(sho)m(w)m(ers)h(w)m(ere)g(added,)h(for)c(\014nal-state)h(radiation)e |
| | 12113 | (b)m(y)j(making)e(use)i(of)f(the)h Fm(Jetset)0 2040 y |
| | 12114 | Fw(routine,)32 b(for)h(initial-state)c(one)k(b)m(y)h(the)f(dev)m |
| | 12115 | (elopmen)m(t)h(of)e(the)i(concept)g(of)e(`bac)m(kw)m(ards)j(ev)m |
| | 12116 | (olution',)0 2148 y(sp)s(eci\014cally)g(for)g Fm(Pythia)g |
| | 12117 | Fw([Sj\177)-49 b(o85].)52 b(Also)35 b(a)g(framew)m(ork)h(w)m(as)h(dev)m |
| | 12118 | (elop)s(ed)f(for)f(minim)m(um-bias)c(and)0 2257 y(underlying)h(ev)m(en) |
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| | 12122 | 2473 y(within)38 b(the)h(Standard)f(Mo)s(del)h(and)f(b)s(ey)m(ond.)63 |
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| | 12134 | (w)m(orking)f(also)g(for)g(e)1730 3087 y Fl(+)1789 3123 |
| | 12135 | y Fw(e)1832 3087 y Fk(\000)1922 3123 y Fw(and)h(ep.)44 |
| | 12136 | b(This)30 b(pro)s(cess)i(w)m(as)g(only)e(completed)g(in)0 |
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| | 12146 | m(t)41 b(of)k Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)c(their)e(ties)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(gro)m(wn)g |
| | 12147 | (m)m(uc)m(h)0 3774 y(stronger)33 b(o)m(v)m(er)h(the)f(y)m(ears,)g(and)g |
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| | 12156 | 4519 y Fw(As)28 b(w)m(e)h(see,)h Fm(Jetset)c Fw(and)i |
| | 12157 | Fm(Pythia)g Fw(started)g(out)f(as)h(v)m(ery)h(ideologically)24 |
| | 12158 | b(motiv)-5 b(ated)26 b(programs,)h(de-)0 4627 y(v)m(elop)s(ed)g(to)g |
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| | 12170 | (to)g(shift)g(some-)0 5169 y(what,)28 b(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)g(from)e(the)h |
| | 12171 | (original)d(strong)j(coupling)e(to)i(a)f(sp)s(eci\014c)i(fragmen)m |
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| | 12181 | 5953 y(4)p eop |
| | 12182 | %%Page: 5 11 |
| | 12183 | 5 10 bop 0 -18 a Fw(accelerators,)33 b(and)f(for)g(the)h(design)g(of)f |
| | 12184 | (related)g(detectors.)146 90 y(While)h(the)i(ideology)d(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e) |
| | 12185 | g(less)h(apparen)m(t,)g(it)e(is)g(still)f(there,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)50 |
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| | 12190 | (lev)m(el)f(sk)m(eleton)i(descrip-)0 415 y(tion)c(of)h(a)g(hard)h(pro)s |
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| | 12195 | 632 y(commissions)33 b(or)i(omissions)f(in)g(an)m(y)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f |
| | 12196 | (of)g(details.)50 b(Programs)34 b(lik)m(e)g Fm(Pythia)h |
| | 12197 | Fw(and)h Fm(Jetset)0 740 y Fw(represen)m(t)d(a)d(ma)5 |
| | 12198 | b(jor)30 b(amoun)m(t)g(of)g(original)d(ph)m(ysics)33 |
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| | 12234 | Fm(Jetset)g Fw(v)m(ersion)0 2473 y(Y.y'.)67 b(\(If)41 |
| | 12235 | b(y)m(ou)g(are)f(a)g(L)893 2451 y Fl(A)931 2473 y Fw(T)985 |
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| | 12270 | b(of)i(m)m(ultiparton)f(systems)j([Sj\177)-49 b(o84)o(].)145 |
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| | 12272 | Fj(\013)1392 4481 y Fl(s)1456 4466 y Fw(determinations)e([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 12273 | b(o84a].)145 4584 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Initial)30 b(state)j(parton)f(sho)m |
| | 12274 | (w)m(ers)j([Sj\177)-49 b(o85)o(].)145 4702 y Fn(\017)49 |
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| | 12277 | -49 b(o92c])145 4937 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Deep)33 b(inelastic)e |
| | 12278 | (scattering)h([And81a,)h(Ben88].)145 5055 y Fn(\017)49 |
| | 12279 | b Fw(Photopro)s(duction)32 b([Sc)m(h93a])h(and)g Fj(\015)5 |
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| | 12281 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(P)m(arton)33 b(distributions)e(of)h(the)h(photon)f |
| | 12282 | ([Sc)m(h95)q(].)145 5291 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Colour)32 |
| | 12283 | b(\015o)m(w)h(in)f(hard)g(scatterings)h([Ben84].)145 |
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| | 12287 | b(o87a)o(].)145 5644 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Rapidit)m(y)31 |
| | 12288 | b(gaps)i([Dok92)o(].)1865 5953 y(5)p eop |
| | 12289 | %%Page: 6 12 |
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| | 12291 | Fj(k)1018 -3 y Fk(?)1109 -18 y Fw([Sj\177)-49 b(o83)o(].)146 |
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| | 12370 | m(er)i(and)f(\015exibilit)m(y)-8 b(,)45 b(of)d(course,)0 |
| | 12371 | 4415 y(since)32 b(the)h(ph)m(ysics)g(m)m(ust)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(tak)m(e)f |
| | 12372 | (precedence)j(in)c(an)m(y)i(con\015ict)e(of)h(in)m(terests.)44 |
| | 12373 | b(If)32 b(nev)m(ertheless)0 4524 y(an)m(y)40 b(errors)g(or)f |
| | 12374 | (unclarities)f(are)i(found,)h(please)f(do)f(comm)m(unicate)g(them)g(to) |
| | 12375 | g(me,)i(e.g.)64 b(on)40 b(phone)0 4632 y(+46)30 b({)g(46)f({)h(222)g |
| | 12376 | (48)g(16)f(or)h(e-mail)e(torb)5 b(jorn@thep.lu.se.)43 |
| | 12377 | b(Ev)m(ery)32 b(attempt)e(will)e(b)s(e)i(made)g(to)g(solv)m(e)0 |
| | 12378 | 4740 y(problems)d(as)h(so)s(on)f(as)h(is)g(reasonably)f(p)s(ossible,)h |
| | 12379 | (giv)m(en)g(that)g(this)f(supp)s(ort)h(is)f(b)m(y)i(one)f(p)s(erson)g |
| | 12380 | (alone,)0 4849 y(who)33 b(also)f(has)h(other)f(resp)s(onsibilities.)0 |
| | 12381 | 5096 y Fo(App)s(endix:)50 b(The)38 b(Historical)c(Pythia)0 |
| | 12382 | 5269 y Fw(While)j(the)h(origin)d(and)j(connotations)f(of)g(the)h(`)p |
| | 12383 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(')f(program)f(name)h(should)g(b)s(e)h(commonly)0 |
| | 12384 | 5378 y(kno)m(wn,)c(the)f(`)p Fm(Pythia)p Fw(')g(lab)s(el)e(ma)m(y)h |
| | 12385 | (need)i(some)e(explanation.)146 5486 y(The)48 b(m)m(yth)e(tells)f(ho)m |
| | 12386 | (w)i(Ap)s(ollon,)h(the)e(Go)s(d)g(of)g(Wisdom,)i(killed)d(the)i(p)s(o)m |
| | 12387 | (w)m(erful)f(dragon-lik)m(e)0 5594 y(monster)34 b(Python,)i(close)f(to) |
| | 12388 | f(the)h(village)d(of)i(Delphi)f(in)h(Greece.)50 b(T)-8 |
| | 12389 | b(o)35 b(commemorate)d(this)i(victory)-8 b(,)1865 5953 |
| | 12390 | y(6)p eop |
| | 12391 | %%Page: 7 13 |
| | 12392 | 7 12 bop 0 -18 a Fw(Ap)s(ollon)37 b(founded)i(the)h(Pythic)f(Oracle)f |
| | 12393 | (in)g(Delphi,)h(on)g(the)g(slop)s(es)g(of)f(Moun)m(t)i(P)m(arnassos.)64 |
| | 12394 | b(Here)0 90 y(men)38 b(could)f(come)g(to)h(learn)f(the)h(will)d(of)j |
| | 12395 | (the)g(Go)s(ds)f(and)h(the)g(course)h(of)e(the)h(future.)60 |
| | 12396 | b(The)38 b(oracle)0 198 y(pla)m(ys)31 b(an)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)e(r^)-49 |
| | 12397 | b(ole)30 b(in)g(man)m(y)h(of)g(the)g(other)g(Greek)h(m)m(yths,)f(suc)m |
| | 12398 | (h)i(as)e(those)h(of)e(Heracles)h(and)0 307 y(of)h(King)g(Oedipus.)146 |
| | 12399 | 415 y(Questions)25 b(w)m(ere)h(to)e(b)s(e)g(put)h(to)f(the)g(Pythia,)i |
| | 12400 | (the)f(`Priestess')h(or)e(`Prophetess')i(of)e(the)h(Oracle.)40 |
| | 12401 | b(In)0 523 y(fact,)30 b(she)h(w)m(as)g(a)e(lo)s(cal)e(w)m(oman,)j |
| | 12402 | (usually)f(a)h(y)m(oung)g(maiden,)f(of)h(no)f(particular)f(religious)g |
| | 12403 | (sc)m(ho)s(oling.)0 632 y(Seated)f(on)f(a)g(trip)s(o)s(d,)h(she)g |
| | 12404 | (inhaled)e(the)i(obno)m(xious)f(v)-5 b(ap)s(ours)27 b(that)f(seep)s(ed) |
| | 12405 | i(up)f(through)f(a)g(crevice)h(in)0 740 y(the)j(ground.)42 |
| | 12406 | b(This)29 b(brough)m(t)h(her)g(to)e(a)h(trance-lik)m(e)g(state,)h(in)f |
| | 12407 | (whic)m(h)h(she)g(w)m(ould)f(scream)g(seemingly)0 848 |
| | 12408 | y(random)i(w)m(ords)i(and)g(sounds.)44 b(It)32 b(w)m(as)h(the)g(task)g |
| | 12409 | (of)e(the)i(professional)e(priests)h(in)g(Delphi)e(to)i(record)0 |
| | 12410 | 957 y(those)41 b(utterings)g(and)f(edit)h(them)f(in)m(to)g(the)h |
| | 12411 | (o\016cial)e(Oracle)h(prophecies,)j(whic)m(h)e(often)g(to)s(ok)f(the)0 |
| | 12412 | 1065 y(form)26 b(of)h(p)s(o)s(ems)g(in)f(p)s(erfect)i(hexameter.)43 |
| | 12413 | b(In)27 b(fact,)i(ev)m(en)g(these)f(edited)g(replies)f(w)m(ere)h(often) |
| | 12414 | g(less)f(than)0 1173 y(easy)34 b(to)e(in)m(terpret.)44 |
| | 12415 | b(The)33 b(Pythic)g(oracle)f(acquired)h(a)f(reputation)g(for)g(am)m |
| | 12416 | (biguous)g(answ)m(ers.)146 1282 y(The)37 b(Oracle)e(existed)i(already)e |
| | 12417 | (at)h(the)g(b)s(eginning)e(of)i(the)g(historical)d(era)j(in)f(Greece,)j |
| | 12418 | (and)e(w)m(as)0 1390 y(univ)m(ersally)c(recognized)h(as)g(the)h |
| | 12419 | (foremost)e(religious)e(seat.)45 b(Individuals)32 b(and)h(cit)m(y)g |
| | 12420 | (states)g(came)g(to)0 1498 y(consult,)d(on)f(ev)m(erything)i(from)d |
| | 12421 | (cures)i(for)f(c)m(hildlessness)i(to)e(matters)g(of)f(w)m(ar.)43 |
| | 12422 | b(La)m(vish)30 b(gifts)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)0 1607 y(the)h(temple)f(area)g |
| | 12423 | (to)g(b)s(e)h(built)e(and)h(decorated.)43 b(Man)m(y)30 |
| | 12424 | b(states)f(supplied)f(their)g(o)m(wn)h(treasury)h(halls,)0 |
| | 12425 | 1715 y(where)46 b(esp)s(ecially)d(b)s(eautiful)g(gifts)g(w)m(ere)j(on)e |
| | 12426 | (displa)m(y)-8 b(.)78 b(Sidesho)m(ws)46 b(included)e(the)h(Omphalos,)h |
| | 12427 | (a)0 1823 y(stone)37 b(reputedly)g(marking)e(the)i(cen)m(tre)h(of)e |
| | 12428 | (the)h(Earth,)h(and)f(the)g(Pythic)g(games,)g(second)h(only)e(to)0 |
| | 12429 | 1932 y(the)d(Olympic)e(ones)i(in)f(imp)s(ortance.)146 |
| | 12430 | 2040 y(Strife)i(inside)h(Greece)g(ev)m(en)m(tually)g(led)g(to)f(a)h |
| | 12431 | (decline)f(in)g(the)i(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)f(of)g(the)g(Oracle.)49 |
| | 12432 | b(A)35 b(serious)0 2148 y(blo)m(w)25 b(w)m(as)i(dealt)e(when)i(the)f |
| | 12433 | (Oracle)f(of)g(Zeus)h(Ammon)e(\(see)j(b)s(elo)m(w\))e(declared)h |
| | 12434 | (Alexander)g(the)g(Great)0 2257 y(to)39 b(b)s(e)g(the)g(son)h(of)e |
| | 12435 | (Zeus.)64 b(The)40 b(Pythic)f(Oracle)g(liv)m(ed)f(on,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m |
| | 12436 | (er,)i(and)c(w)m(as)h(only)f(closed)g(b)m(y)h(a)0 2365 |
| | 12437 | y(Roman)30 b(Imp)s(erial)g(decree)j(in)e(390)g Fm(ad)p |
| | 12438 | Fw(,)h(at)f(a)h(time)e(when)j(Christianit)m(y)e(w)m(as)h(ruthlessly)g |
| | 12439 | (destro)m(ying)0 2473 y(an)m(y)43 b(religious)d(opp)s(osition.)70 |
| | 12440 | b(Pythia)42 b(then)h(had)f(b)s(een)h(at)f(the)h(service)g(of)f(man)f |
| | 12441 | (and)h(Go)s(ds)g(for)g(a)0 2582 y(millenium)28 b(and)33 |
| | 12442 | b(a)f(half.)146 2690 y(The)40 b(r^)-49 b(ole)38 b(of)h(the)g(Pythic)h |
| | 12443 | (Oracle)e(replies)g(on)h(the)h(course)g(of)e(history)h(is)g(no)m(where) |
| | 12444 | h(b)s(etter)f(de-)0 2798 y(scrib)s(ed)h(than)f(in)g(`The)h(Histories')f |
| | 12445 | (b)m(y)h(Hero)s(dotus)g([Her)p Fm(bc)p Fw(],)h(the)f(classical)e(and)h |
| | 12446 | (captiv)-5 b(ating)37 b(de-)0 2907 y(scription)25 b(of)g(the)h(Ancien)m |
| | 12447 | (t)g(W)-8 b(orld)25 b(at)g(the)i(time)d(of)h(the)h(Great)g(W)-8 |
| | 12448 | b(ar)25 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(Greeks)f(and)e(P)m(ersians.)0 |
| | 12449 | 3015 y(Esp)s(ecially)f(famous)g(is)g(the)h(episo)s(de)g(with)f(King)g |
| | 12450 | (Croisus)h(of)f(Lydia.)41 b(Con)m(templating)23 b(a)h(w)m(ar)h(against) |
| | 12451 | 0 3123 y(the)32 b(upstart)g(P)m(ersian)g(Empire,)f(he)g(resolv)m(es)i |
| | 12452 | (to)e(ask)h(an)g(oracle)e(what)i(the)g(outcome)f(of)g(a)g(p)s(oten)m |
| | 12453 | (tial)0 3232 y(battle)36 b(w)m(ould)h(b)s(e.)56 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)40 |
| | 12454 | b(to)d(ha)m(v)m(e)h(some)e(guaran)m(tee)i(for)e(the)h(v)m(eracit)m(y)h |
| | 12455 | (of)e(an)m(y)i(prophecy)-8 b(,)39 b(he)0 3340 y(decides)25 |
| | 12456 | b(to)g(send)g(em)m(bassies)g(to)f(all)f(the)i(reno)m(wned)h(oracles)e |
| | 12457 | (of)g(the)h(kno)m(wn)h(W)-8 b(orld.)39 b(The)26 b(messengers)0 |
| | 12458 | 3448 y(are)37 b(instructed)h(to)f(inquire)g(the)h(v)-5 |
| | 12459 | b(arious)36 b(divinities,)h(on)g(the)h(h)m(undredth)h(da)m(y)f(after)f |
| | 12460 | (their)g(depar-)0 3557 y(ture,)d(what)g(King)e(Croisus)i(is)f(doing)g |
| | 12461 | (at)g(that)g(v)m(ery)i(momen)m(t.)46 b(F)-8 b(rom)32 |
| | 12462 | b(the)i(Pythia)f(the)h(messengers)0 3665 y(bring)e(bac)m(k)h(the)g |
| | 12463 | (reply)244 3857 y Fi(I)h(know)g(the)h(numb)-5 b(er)35 |
| | 12464 | b(of)f(gr)-5 b(ains)34 b(of)h(sand)f(as)h(wel)5 b(l)34 |
| | 12465 | b(as)g(the)h(exp)-5 b(anse)34 b(of)h(the)f(se)-5 b(a,)244 |
| | 12466 | 3965 y(A)n(nd)34 b(I)h(c)-5 b(ompr)g(ehend)33 b(the)i(dumb)f(and)h(he) |
| | 12467 | -5 b(ar)34 b(him)g(who)h(do)-5 b(es)34 b(not)h(sp)-5 |
| | 12468 | b(e)g(ak,)244 4073 y(Ther)g(e)34 b(c)-5 b(ame)34 b(to)h(my)g(mind)f |
| | 12469 | (the)h(smel)5 b(l)34 b(of)h(the)g(har)-5 b(d-shel)5 b(le)-5 |
| | 12470 | b(d)33 b(turtle,)244 4182 y(Boile)-5 b(d)34 b(in)g(c)-5 |
| | 12471 | b(opp)g(er)34 b(to)-5 b(gether)35 b(with)g(the)g(lamb,)244 |
| | 12472 | 4290 y(With)g(c)-5 b(opp)g(er)34 b(b)-5 b(elow)34 b(and)h(c)-5 |
| | 12473 | b(opp)g(er)34 b(ab)-5 b(ove.)0 4481 y Fw(The)37 b(v)m(eracit)m(y)g(of)f |
| | 12474 | (the)g(Pythia)g(is)f(th)m(us)i(established)g(b)m(y)g(the)f(craft)m(y)h |
| | 12475 | (ruler,)f(who)g(had)h(w)m(aited)f(un)m(til)0 4590 y(the)30 |
| | 12476 | b(app)s(oin)m(ted)e(da)m(y)-8 b(,)31 b(slaugh)m(tered)f(a)e(turtle)h |
| | 12477 | (and)g(a)g(lam)m(b,)g(and)g(b)s(oiled)e(them)i(together)h(in)e(a)h |
| | 12478 | (copp)s(er)0 4698 y(cauldron)j(with)h(a)g(copp)s(er)g(lid.)43 |
| | 12479 | b(Also)32 b(the)i(Oracle)e(of)h(Zeus)g(Ammon)f(in)g(the)h(Lib)m(y)m(an) |
| | 12480 | g(desert)i(is)d(able)0 4806 y(to)g(giv)m(e)h(a)g(correct)g(reply)g |
| | 12481 | (\(lost)f(to)g(p)s(osterit)m(y\),)h(while)f(all)f(others)i(fail.)42 |
| | 12482 | b(King)32 b(Croisus)h(no)m(w)g(sends)i(a)0 4915 y(second)j(em)m(bassy)h |
| | 12483 | (to)d(Delphi,)h(inquiring)e(after)i(the)g(outcome)g(of)f(a)h(battle)f |
| | 12484 | (against)g(the)h(P)m(ersians.)0 5023 y(The)d(Pythia)e(answ)m(ers)244 |
| | 12485 | 5214 y Fi(If)i(Cr)-5 b(oisus)35 b(p)-5 b(asses)34 b(over)g(the)h(Halys) |
| | 12486 | g(he)g(wil)5 b(l)34 b(dissolve)g(a)g(gr)-5 b(e)g(at)35 |
| | 12487 | b(Empir)-5 b(e.)0 5406 y Fw(T)d(aking)26 b(this)f(to)h(mean)f(he)i(w)m |
| | 12488 | (ould)f(win,)h(the)f(King)f(collects)h(his)f(arm)m(y)h(and)g(crosses)i |
| | 12489 | (the)e(b)s(order)g(riv)m(er,)0 5514 y(only)e(to)g(su\013er)h(a)f |
| | 12490 | (crushing)h(defeat)g(and)f(see)i(his)e(Kingdom)e(conquered.)43 |
| | 12491 | b(When)25 b(the)g(victorious)f(King)0 5622 y(Cyrus)29 |
| | 12492 | b(allo)m(ws)d(Croisus)h(to)g(send)i(an)e(em)m(bassy)h(to)f(upbraid)g |
| | 12493 | (the)h(Oracle,)f(the)h(Go)s(d)e(Ap)s(ollon)g(answ)m(ers)1865 |
| | 12494 | 5953 y(7)p eop |
| | 12495 | %%Page: 8 14 |
| | 12496 | 8 13 bop 0 -18 a Fw(through)33 b(his)g(Prophetess)i(that)f(he)f(has)h |
| | 12497 | (correctly)f(predicted)h(the)g(destruction)g(of)e(a)h(great)g(empire)0 |
| | 12498 | 90 y(|)i(Croisus')i(o)m(wn)f(|)f(and)h(that)g(he)g(cannot)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 12499 | (held)g(resp)s(onsible)f(if)g(p)s(eople)g(c)m(ho)s(ose)i(to)e(in)m |
| | 12500 | (terpret)0 198 y(the)e(Oracle)f(answ)m(ers)i(to)f(their)f(o)m(wn)h |
| | 12501 | (liking.)146 307 y(The)47 b(history)f(of)f(the)h Fm(Pythia)g |
| | 12502 | Fw(program)e(is)i(neither)g(as)f(long)g(nor)h(as)g(digni\014ed)e(as)i |
| | 12503 | (that)g(of)0 415 y(its)f(ep)s(on)m(ym.)84 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)52 |
| | 12504 | b(some)45 b(p)s(oin)m(ts)h(of)f(con)m(tact)i(exist.)84 |
| | 12505 | b(Y)-8 b(ou)45 b(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)h(v)m(ery)g(careful)e(when)0 |
| | 12506 | 523 y(y)m(ou)c(form)m(ulate)e(the)i(questions:)60 b(an)m(y)41 |
| | 12507 | b(am)m(biguities)d(will)g(corrupt)j(the)f(reply)h(y)m(ou)g(get.)67 |
| | 12508 | b(And)41 b(y)m(ou)0 632 y(m)m(ust)34 b(b)s(e)h(ev)m(en)g(more)f |
| | 12509 | (careful)f(not)h(to)g(misin)m(terpret)f(the)i(answ)m(ers;)i(in)c |
| | 12510 | (particular)g(not)h(to)g(pic)m(k)g(the)0 740 y(in)m(terpretation)i |
| | 12511 | (that)g(suits)h(y)m(ou)g(b)s(efore)f(considering)g(the)h(alternativ)m |
| | 12512 | (es.)56 b(Finally)-8 b(,)34 b(ev)m(en)39 b(a)d(p)s(erfect)0 |
| | 12513 | 848 y(Go)s(d)30 b(has)h(serv)-5 b(an)m(ts)32 b(that)f(are)g(only)f(h)m |
| | 12514 | (uman:)43 b(a)30 b(priest)h(migh)m(t)e(mishear)h(the)i(screams)f(of)f |
| | 12515 | (the)i(Pythia)0 957 y(and)c(therefore)h(pro)s(duce)g(an)f(erroneous)i |
| | 12516 | (oracle)d(reply;)j(the)f(curren)m(t)g(author)f(migh)m(t)f(un)m |
| | 12517 | (wittingly)g(let)0 1065 y(a)32 b(bug)h(free)g(in)f(the)h(program)e |
| | 12518 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)1865 5953 y(8)p eop |
| | 12519 | %%Page: 9 15 |
| | 12520 | 9 14 bop 0 -18 a Ft(2)161 b(Ph)l(ysics)53 b(Ov)l(erview)0 |
| | 12521 | 189 y Fw(In)41 b(this)e(section)i(w)m(e)g(will)d(try)i(to)g(giv)m(e)g |
| | 12522 | (an)h(o)m(v)m(erview)g(of)f(the)h(main)d(ph)m(ysics)k(features)f(of)47 |
| | 12523 | b Fm(Jetset)0 297 y Fw(and)39 b Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)i(and)e(also)g(to)f |
| | 12524 | (in)m(tro)s(duce)i(some)e(terminology)-8 b(.)61 b(The)40 |
| | 12525 | b(details)e(will)f(b)s(e)i(discussed)i(in)0 405 y(subsequen)m(t)36 |
| | 12526 | b(sections.)146 514 y(F)-8 b(or)34 b(the)g(description)g(of)f(a)h(t)m |
| | 12527 | (ypical)g(high-energy)f(ev)m(en)m(t,)k(an)d(ev)m(en)m(t)i(generator)e |
| | 12528 | (should)g(con)m(tain)0 622 y(a)k(sim)m(ulation)d(of)j(sev)m(eral)g(ph)m |
| | 12529 | (ysics)i(asp)s(ects.)61 b(If)38 b(w)m(e)h(try)g(to)f(follo)m(w)e(the)i |
| | 12530 | (ev)m(olution)g(of)f(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(in)0 730 y(some)32 |
| | 12531 | b(sem)m(blance)h(of)f(a)h(time)e(order,)i(one)g(ma)m(y)f(arrange)g |
| | 12532 | (these)i(asp)s(ects)g(as)f(follo)m(ws:)119 843 y(1.)49 |
| | 12533 | b(Initially)31 b(t)m(w)m(o)j(b)s(eam)g(particles)f(are)h(coming)e(in)i |
| | 12534 | (to)m(w)m(ards)h(eac)m(h)g(other.)48 b(Normally)31 b(eac)m(h)k(par-)244 |
| | 12535 | 952 y(ticle)41 b(is)i(c)m(haracterized)g(b)m(y)h(a)e(set)i(of)e(parton) |
| | 12536 | g(distribution)f(functions,)k(whic)m(h)f(de\014nes)g(the)244 |
| | 12537 | 1060 y(partonic)32 b(substructure)i(in)e(terms)h(of)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)h |
| | 12538 | (comp)s(osition)d(and)j(energy)h(sharing.)119 1178 y(2.)49 |
| | 12539 | b(One)42 b(sho)m(w)m(er)i(initiator)38 b(parton)k(from)e(eac)m(h)j(b)s |
| | 12540 | (eam)e(starts)h(o\013)g(a)f(sequence)k(of)c(branc)m(hings,)244 |
| | 12541 | 1286 y(suc)m(h)34 b(as)f(q)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(qg)q(,)33 b(whic)m(h)g(build) |
| | 12542 | f(up)h(an)f(initial-state)d(sho)m(w)m(er.)119 1404 y(3.)49 |
| | 12543 | b(One)35 b(incoming)e(parton)h(from)g(eac)m(h)h(of)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 12544 | (sho)m(w)m(ers)i(en)m(ters)g(the)e(hard)g(pro)s(cess,)h(where)244 |
| | 12545 | 1512 y(then)i(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)g(outgoing)e(partons)i(are)f |
| | 12546 | (pro)s(duced,)j(usually)d(t)m(w)m(o.)59 b(It)38 b(is)f(the)h(nature)g |
| | 12547 | (of)244 1621 y(this)32 b(pro)s(cess)i(that)e(determines)h(the)g(main)e |
| | 12548 | (c)m(haracteristics)i(of)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t.)119 1738 |
| | 12549 | y(4.)49 b(Also)32 b(the)h(outgoing)e(partons)i(ma)m(y)f(branc)m(h,)i |
| | 12550 | (to)e(build)f(up)i(\014nal-state)f(sho)m(w)m(ers.)119 |
| | 12551 | 1856 y(5.)49 b(When)42 b(a)f(sho)m(w)m(er)i(initiator)38 |
| | 12552 | b(is)i(tak)m(en)i(out)f(of)g(a)g(b)s(eam)f(particle,)i(a)f(b)s(eam)g |
| | 12553 | (remnan)m(t)g(is)f(left)244 1965 y(b)s(ehind.)i(This)31 |
| | 12554 | b(remnan)m(t)f(ma)m(y)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(an)e(in)m(ternal)f(structure,)j |
| | 12555 | (and)e(a)g(net)h(colour)e(c)m(harge)i(that)244 2073 y(relates)h(it)g |
| | 12556 | (to)g(the)h(rest)g(of)f(the)h(\014nal)f(state.)119 2191 |
| | 12557 | y(6.)49 b(The)31 b(QCD)f(con\014nemen)m(t)h(mec)m(hanism)f(ensures)i |
| | 12558 | (that)e(the)g(outgoing)f(quarks)j(and)e(gluons)f(are)244 |
| | 12559 | 2299 y(not)j(observ)-5 b(able,)33 b(but)g(instead)g(fragmen)m(t)e(to)i |
| | 12560 | (colour)e(neutral)h(hadrons.)119 2417 y(7.)49 b(Man)m(y)34 |
| | 12561 | b(of)e(the)h(pro)s(duced)g(hadrons)g(are)g(unstable)f(and)h(deca)m(y)h |
| | 12562 | (further.)146 2530 y(Con)m(v)m(en)m(tionally)-8 b(,)48 |
| | 12563 | b(only)d(quarks)i(and)e(gluons)g(are)g(coun)m(ted)i(as)e(partons,)k |
| | 12564 | (while)44 b(leptons)h(and)0 2638 y(photons)29 b(are)f(not.)42 |
| | 12565 | b(If)29 b(pushed)h Fi(ad)h(absur)-5 b(dum)28 b Fw(this)g(ma)m(y)g(lead) |
| | 12566 | g(to)g(some)h(un)m(wieldy)f(terminology)-8 b(.)40 b(W)-8 |
| | 12567 | b(e)0 2747 y(will)26 b(therefore,)k(where)f(it)f(do)s(es)g(not)h |
| | 12568 | (matter,)f(sp)s(eak)h(of)f(an)g(electron)h(or)e(a)h(photon)h(in)e(the)i |
| | 12569 | (`partonic')0 2855 y(substructure)k(of)e(an)g(electron,)g(lump)f(branc) |
| | 12570 | m(hings)i(e)c Fn(!)f Fw(e)p Fj(\015)36 b Fw(together)c(with)e(other)i |
| | 12571 | (`parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er')0 2963 y(branc)m(hings)38 b(suc)m(h)h(as)f(q)f |
| | 12572 | Fn(!)e Fw(qg)q(,)40 b(and)e(so)f(on.)59 b(With)37 b(this)g(notation,)h |
| | 12573 | (the)g(division)e(in)m(to)h(the)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)0 3072 |
| | 12574 | y(sev)m(en)33 b(p)s(oin)m(ts)d(applies)f(equally)h(w)m(ell)g(to)g(an)g |
| | 12575 | (in)m(teraction)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(t)m(w)m(o)f(leptons,)g(b)s(et)m(w) |
| | 12576 | m(een)i(a)d(lepton)0 3180 y(and)j(a)f(hadron,)h(and)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een) |
| | 12577 | j(t)m(w)m(o)e(hadrons.)146 3288 y(In)i(the)f(follo)m(wing)d |
| | 12578 | (subsections,)36 b(w)m(e)f(will)d(surv)m(ey)k(the)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 12579 | (sev)m(en)h(asp)s(ects,)f(not)f(in)f(the)i(same)0 3397 |
| | 12580 | y(order)24 b(as)h(giv)m(en)f(here,)i(but)f(rather)f(in)f(the)i(order)f |
| | 12581 | (in)f(whic)m(h)i(they)g(app)s(ear)f(in)f(the)i(program)e(execution,)0 |
| | 12582 | 3505 y(i.e.)43 b(starting)32 b(with)g(the)h(hard)f(pro)s(cess.)0 |
| | 12583 | 3779 y Fp(2.1)135 b(Hard)45 b(Pro)t(cesses)h(and)e(P)l(arton)i |
| | 12584 | (Distributions)0 3952 y Fw(In)d Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)g(only)f(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 12585 | (hard)f(pro)s(cesses)j(are)d(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)70 b(The)43 |
| | 12586 | b(\014rst)g(and)f(main)f(one)h(is)g(e)3474 3915 y Fl(+)3533 |
| | 12587 | 3952 y Fw(e)3576 3915 y Fk(\000)3680 3952 y Fn(!)0 4060 |
| | 12588 | y Fj(\015)56 4024 y Fk(\003)95 4060 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)204 |
| | 12589 | 4024 y Fl(0)277 4060 y Fn(!)34 b Fw(q)p 462 4007 52 4 |
| | 12590 | v(q)q(.)54 b(Here)37 b(the)g(`)p Fn(\003)p Fw(')f(of)g |
| | 12591 | Fj(\015)1312 4024 y Fk(\003)1387 4060 y Fw(is)g(used)h(to)f(denote)h |
| | 12592 | (that)f(the)h(photon)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(o\013)g(the)h(mass)0 |
| | 12593 | 4168 y(shell.)68 b(The)42 b(distinction)e(is)g(of)h(some)g(imp)s |
| | 12594 | (ortance,)h(since)f(a)g(photon)g(on)g(the)h(mass)f(shell)f(cannot)0 |
| | 12595 | 4277 y(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)69 b(Of)40 b(course)h(also)f(the)h(Z)1217 |
| | 12596 | 4240 y Fl(0)1296 4277 y Fw(can)g(b)s(e)g(o\013)f(the)h(mass)f(shell,)i |
| | 12597 | (but)f(here)g(the)g(distinction)e(is)h(less)0 4385 y(relev)-5 |
| | 12598 | b(an)m(t)29 b(\(strictly)f(sp)s(eaking,)i(a)f(Z)1297 |
| | 12599 | 4349 y Fl(0)1365 4385 y Fw(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(o\013)e(the)i(mass)e |
| | 12600 | (shell\).)42 b(In)29 b(the)h(follo)m(wing)c(w)m(e)k(ma)m(y)f(not)0 |
| | 12601 | 4493 y(alw)m(a)m(ys)38 b(use)h(`)p Fn(\003)p Fw(')e(consisten)m(tly)-8 |
| | 12602 | b(,)39 b(but)f(the)g(rule)f(of)g(th)m(um)m(b)h(is)f(to)g(use)i(a)e(`)p |
| | 12603 | Fn(\003)p Fw(')g(only)g(when)i(a)e(pro)s(cess)i(is)0 |
| | 12604 | 4602 y(not)34 b(kinematically)d(p)s(ossible)j(for)f(a)h(particle)f(of)h |
| | 12605 | (nominal)d(mass.)48 b(The)35 b(quark)g(q)g(in)e(the)i(\014nal)e(state)0 |
| | 12606 | 4710 y(of)k(e)159 4674 y Fl(+)219 4710 y Fw(e)262 4674 |
| | 12607 | y Fk(\000)357 4710 y Fn(!)f Fj(\015)549 4674 y Fk(\003)588 |
| | 12608 | 4710 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)697 4674 y Fl(0)772 4710 y Fn(!)g |
| | 12609 | Fw(q)p 959 4657 V(q)j(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)h(u,)h(d,)g(s,)g(c,)h(b)d(or)h(t;) |
| | 12610 | i(the)e(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(in)f(eac)m(h)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)d(pic)m(k)m |
| | 12611 | (ed)i(at)0 4818 y(random,)31 b(according)g(to)g(the)h(relativ)m(e)f |
| | 12612 | (couplings,)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(at)f(the)h(hadronic)f(c.m.)43 |
| | 12613 | b(energy)-8 b(.)44 b(Also)0 4927 y(the)31 b(angular)f(distribution)f |
| | 12614 | (of)h(the)i(\014nal)e(q)p 1589 4874 V(q)i(pair)d(is)i(included.)42 |
| | 12615 | b(No)31 b(parton-distribution)d(functions)0 5035 y(are)33 |
| | 12616 | b(needed.)146 5143 y(The)26 b(other)e Fm(Jetset)f Fw(pro)s(cess)j(is)e |
| | 12617 | (a)g(routine)f(to)h(generate)h(ggg)g(and)f Fj(\015)5 |
| | 12618 | b Fw(gg)26 b(\014nal)d(states,)k(as)e(exp)s(ected)0 5252 |
| | 12619 | y(in)30 b(onium)g(1)458 5215 y Fk(\000\000)603 5252 y |
| | 12620 | Fw(deca)m(ys)j(suc)m(h)g(as)e(\007.)43 b(Giv)m(en)31 |
| | 12621 | b(the)h(curren)m(t)g(limits)c(on)j(the)h(top)f(mass,)g(top)s(onium)f |
| | 12622 | (will)0 5360 y(deca)m(y)j(w)m(eakly)g(m)m(uc)m(h)g(to)s(o)e(fast)h(for) |
| | 12623 | f(these)i(pro)s(cesses)h(to)e(b)s(e)g(of)g(an)m(y)g(in)m(terest,)h(so)f |
| | 12624 | (therefore)h(no)f(new)0 5468 y(applications)e(are)j(exp)s(ected.)1865 |
| | 12625 | 5953 y(9)p eop |
| | 12626 | %%Page: 10 16 |
| | 12627 | 10 15 bop 146 -18 a Fm(Pythia)34 b Fw(con)m(tains)f(a)g(m)m(uc)m(h)h |
| | 12628 | (ric)m(her)f(selection,)g(with)g(close)h(to)f(a)g(h)m(undred)h |
| | 12629 | (di\013eren)m(t)g(hard)f(pro-)0 90 y(cesses.)46 b(These)34 |
| | 12630 | b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)f(classi\014ed)h(in)f(man)m(y)g(di\013eren)m(t)h(w)m |
| | 12631 | (a)m(ys.)146 198 y(One)i(is)f(according)f(to)h(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f |
| | 12632 | (of)g(\014nal-state)f(ob)5 b(jects:)48 b(w)m(e)35 b(sp)s(eak)g(of)f(`2) |
| | 12633 | c Fn(!)g Fw(1')k(pro)s(cesses,)0 307 y(`2)f Fn(!)h Fw(2')h(ones,)j(`2)c |
| | 12634 | Fn(!)f Fw(3')j(ones,)h(etc.)55 b(This)36 b(asp)s(ect)h(is)e(v)m(ery)j |
| | 12635 | (relev)-5 b(an)m(t)36 b(from)f(a)g(programming)e(p)s(oin)m(t)0 |
| | 12636 | 415 y(of)h(view:)47 b(the)35 b(more)e(particles)h(in)f(the)i(\014nal)e |
| | 12637 | (state,)i(the)g(more)f(complicated)e(the)j(phase)g(space)g(and)0 |
| | 12638 | 523 y(therefore)k(the)f(whole)g(generation)g(pro)s(cedure.)61 |
| | 12639 | b(In)39 b(fact,)g Fm(Pythia)g Fw(is)e(optimized)g(for)h(2)f |
| | 12640 | Fn(!)f Fw(1)i(and)0 632 y(2)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(2)j(pro)s(cesses.)45 |
| | 12641 | b(There)32 b(is)f(curren)m(tly)h(no)g(generic)f(treatmen)m(t)g(of)g |
| | 12642 | (pro)s(cesses)i(with)e(three)h(or)f(more)0 740 y(particles)40 |
| | 12643 | b(in)g(the)i(\014nal)e(state,)k(but)d(rather)g(a)g(few)g(di\013eren)m |
| | 12644 | (t)h(mac)m(hineries,)g(eac)m(h)g(tailored)d(to)i(the)0 |
| | 12645 | 848 y(p)s(ole)33 b(structure)j(of)e(a)g(sp)s(eci\014c)g(class)h(of)f |
| | 12646 | (graphs.)48 b(This)35 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(seen)i(as)e(a)g(ma)5 |
| | 12647 | b(jor)33 b(limitation,)d(and)0 957 y(indeed)c(is)f(so)h(at)f(times.)41 |
| | 12648 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)29 b(often)d(one)g(can)g(come)f(quite)h(far)f(with) |
| | 12649 | g(only)h(one)g(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(particles)0 1065 y(in)40 |
| | 12650 | b(the)g(\014nal)g(state,)j(since)d(sho)m(w)m(ers)j(will)38 |
| | 12651 | b(add)i(the)h(required)g(extra)g(activit)m(y)-8 b(.)66 |
| | 12652 | b(The)41 b(classi\014cation)0 1173 y(ma)m(y)d(also)f(b)s(e)i |
| | 12653 | (misleading)d(at)h(times,)i(since)g(an)f Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)g |
| | 12654 | (resonance)i(is)e(considered)h(as)g(a)f(single)0 1282 |
| | 12655 | y(particle,)43 b(ev)m(en)g(if)e(it)g(is)g(assumed)i(alw)m(a)m(ys)f(to)g |
| | 12656 | (deca)m(y)h(in)m(to)e(t)m(w)m(o)h(\014nal-state)f(particles.)71 |
| | 12657 | b(Th)m(us)43 b(the)0 1390 y(pro)s(cess)32 b(e)381 1354 |
| | 12658 | y Fl(+)441 1390 y Fw(e)484 1354 y Fk(\000)571 1390 y |
| | 12659 | Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)799 1354 y Fl(+)859 1390 y Fw(W)960 1354 |
| | 12660 | y Fk(\000)1047 1390 y Fn(!)g Fw(q)1225 1405 y Fl(1)p |
| | 12661 | 1265 1337 52 4 v 1265 1390 a Fw(q)1317 1354 y Fk(0)1317 |
| | 12662 | 1415 y Fl(1)1373 1390 y Fw(q)1424 1405 y Fl(2)p 1464 |
| | 12663 | 1337 V 1464 1390 a Fw(q)1515 1354 y Fk(0)1515 1415 y |
| | 12664 | Fl(2)1586 1390 y Fw(is)k(classi\014ed)g(as)g(2)d Fn(!)f |
| | 12665 | Fw(2,)k(although)f(the)i(deca)m(y)h(treatmen)m(t)0 1498 |
| | 12666 | y(of)f(the)h(W)h(pair)e(includes)g(the)h(full)e(2)c Fn(!)h |
| | 12667 | Fw(4)k(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts.)146 1607 y(Another)25 b(classi\014cation)e |
| | 12668 | (is)g(according)h(to)f(the)i(ph)m(ysics)h(scenario.)40 |
| | 12669 | b(This)24 b(will)e(b)s(e)i(the)h(main)d(theme)0 1715 |
| | 12670 | y(of)32 b(section)h(8.)43 b(The)34 b(follo)m(wing)29 |
| | 12671 | b(ma)5 b(jor)32 b(groups)h(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(distinguished:)145 |
| | 12672 | 1828 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Hard)32 b(QCD)h(pro)s(cesses,)h(e.g.)44 |
| | 12673 | b(qg)29 b Fn(!)f Fw(qg)q(.)145 1946 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Soft)39 |
| | 12674 | b(QCD)g(pro)s(cesses,)44 b(suc)m(h)c(as)g(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(and)h |
| | 12675 | (elastic)e(scattering,)j(and)f(minim)m(um-bias)244 2054 |
| | 12676 | y(ev)m(en)m(ts.)145 2172 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)34 |
| | 12677 | b(pro)s(duction,)e(e.g.)44 b(gg)29 b Fn(!)e Fw(t)p 1869 |
| | 12678 | 2101 38 4 v(t.)145 2290 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Prompt-photon)31 |
| | 12679 | b(pro)s(duction,)h(e.g.)44 b(qg)29 b Fn(!)f Fw(q)p Fj(\015)5 |
| | 12680 | b Fw(.)145 2408 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Photon-induced)33 b(pro)s(cesses,)h |
| | 12681 | (e.g.)44 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(g)29 b Fn(!)e Fw(q)p 1900 2355 |
| | 12682 | 52 4 v(q)q(.)145 2525 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Deep)33 b(inelastic)e |
| | 12683 | (scattering,)h(e.g.)44 b(q)p Fj(`)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(q)p |
| | 12684 | Fj(`)p Fw(.)145 2643 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z)42 |
| | 12685 | b(pro)s(duction,)h(suc)m(h)h(as)e(the)g(e)1609 2607 y |
| | 12686 | Fl(+)1669 2643 y Fw(e)1712 2607 y Fk(\000)1815 2643 y |
| | 12687 | Fn(!)h Fj(\015)2014 2607 y Fk(\003)2053 2643 y Fj(=)p |
| | 12688 | Fw(Z)2162 2607 y Fl(0)2243 2643 y Fw(already)e(found)h(in)g |
| | 12689 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)h(or)e(q)p 3584 2590 V(q)k Fn(!)244 |
| | 12690 | 2752 y Fw(W)345 2715 y Fl(+)404 2752 y Fw(W)505 2715 |
| | 12691 | y Fk(\000)565 2752 y Fw(.)145 2869 y Fn(\017)k Fw(Standard)32 |
| | 12692 | b(mo)s(del)e(Higgs)h(pro)s(duction,)g(where)j(the)e(Higgs)f(is)g |
| | 12693 | (reasonably)h(ligh)m(t)e(and)i(narro)m(w,)244 2978 y(and)h(can)f |
| | 12694 | (therefore)i(still)c(b)s(e)j(considered)g(as)g(a)f(resonance.)145 |
| | 12695 | 3095 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Gauge)30 b(b)s(oson)h(scattering)g(pro)s |
| | 12696 | (cesses,)i(suc)m(h)g(as)e(WW)e Fn(!)f Fw(WW)q(,)k(when)g(the)f |
| | 12697 | (Standard)g(Mo)s(del)244 3204 y(Higgs)i(is)h(so)h(hea)m(vy)g(and)g |
| | 12698 | (broad)f(that)g(resonan)m(t)h(and)g(non-resonan)m(t)f(con)m(tributions) |
| | 12699 | g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)244 3312 y(b)s(e)d(considered)g(together.)145 |
| | 12700 | 3430 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Non-standard)j(Higgs)f(particle)g(pro)s |
| | 12701 | (duction,)56 b(within)51 b(the)h(framew)m(ork)g(of)g(a)f(t)m(w)m |
| | 12702 | (o-Higgs-)244 3538 y(doublet)32 b(scenario)h(with)f(three)h(neutral)f |
| | 12703 | (and)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(c)m(harged)g(Higgs)f(states.)145 3656 |
| | 12704 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Pro)s(duction)32 b(of)g(new)i(gauge)e(b)s(osons,)h |
| | 12705 | (suc)m(h)h(as)f(a)f(Z)2166 3620 y Fk(0)2189 3656 y Fw(.)145 |
| | 12706 | 3774 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Pro)s(duction)32 b(of)g(fourth-generation)f |
| | 12707 | (fermions.)145 3892 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Lepto)s(quark)33 |
| | 12708 | b(pro)s(duction.)145 4009 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Deviations)40 |
| | 12709 | b(from)g(Standard)i(Mo)s(del)f(pro)s(cesses,)k(e.g.)71 |
| | 12710 | b(due)42 b(to)f(con)m(tact)h(in)m(teractions)f(or)g(a)244 |
| | 12711 | 4118 y(strongly)c(in)m(teracting)g(gauge)g(b)s(oson)h(sector.)59 |
| | 12712 | b(These)40 b(scenarios)e(do)f(not)h(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(app)s(ear)f(as)244 |
| | 12713 | 4226 y(separate)c(pro)s(cesses,)i(but)e(ma)m(y)f(just)h(b)s(e)g |
| | 12714 | (options)f(to)g(some)g(of)h(the)g(pro)s(cesses)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)0 |
| | 12715 | 4339 y(This)45 b(is)g(b)m(y)h(no)f(means)g(a)g(surv)m(ey)i(of)e(all)e |
| | 12716 | (in)m(teresting)i(ph)m(ysics.)83 b(Most)45 b(notable)g(is)f(the)i |
| | 12717 | (absence)0 4448 y(of)g(sup)s(ersymmetric)g(particle)f(pro)s(duction)h |
| | 12718 | (and)g(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)52 b(but)46 b(man)m(y)h(other)f(examples)g |
| | 12719 | (could)g(b)s(e)0 4556 y(found.)55 b(Also,)36 b(within)f(the)i |
| | 12720 | (scenarios)g(studied,)g(not)f(all)f(con)m(tributing)g(graphs)h(ha)m(v)m |
| | 12721 | (e)i(alw)m(a)m(ys)f(b)s(een)0 4664 y(included,)47 b(but)d(only)g(the)h |
| | 12722 | (more)e(imp)s(ortan)m(t)f(and/or)i(more)f(in)m(teresting)h(ones.)79 |
| | 12723 | b(In)45 b(man)m(y)f(cases,)0 4773 y(v)-5 b(arious)32 |
| | 12724 | b(appro)m(ximations)f(are)h(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed)h(in)f(the)h(matrix)e |
| | 12725 | (elemen)m(ts)i(co)s(ded.)146 4881 y(The)h(cross)f(section)g(for)f(a)g |
| | 12726 | (giv)m(en)h(pro)s(cess)h Fj(ij)g Fn(!)27 b Fj(k)36 b |
| | 12727 | Fw(is)c(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)1018 5113 y Fj(\033)1073 5128 |
| | 12728 | y Fh(ij)t Fk(!)p Fh(k)1271 5113 y Fw(=)1375 4995 y Fg(Z)1474 |
| | 12729 | 5113 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)1583 5128 y Fl(1)1640 4995 y Fg(Z)1740 |
| | 12730 | 5113 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)1849 5128 y Fl(2)1905 5113 y Fj(f)1964 |
| | 12731 | 5071 y Fl(1)1953 5137 y Fh(i)2004 5113 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2097 |
| | 12732 | 5128 y Fl(1)2136 5113 y Fw(\))17 b Fj(f)2250 5071 y Fl(2)2239 |
| | 12733 | 5137 y Fh(j)2289 5113 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2382 5128 y Fl(2)2422 |
| | 12734 | 5113 y Fw(\))k(^)-53 b Fj(\033)2532 5128 y Fh(ij)t Fk(!)p |
| | 12735 | Fh(k)2734 5113 y Fj(:)894 b Fw(\(1\))0 5344 y(Here)31 |
| | 12736 | b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)29 b Fw(is)c(the)h(cross)g(section)f(for)g(the)h |
| | 12737 | (hard)f(partonic)g(pro)s(cess,)j(as)d(co)s(di\014ed)g(in)g(the)g |
| | 12738 | (matrix)f(elemen)m(ts)0 5453 y(for)40 b(eac)m(h)i(sp)s(eci\014c)g(pro)s |
| | 12739 | (cess.)69 b(F)-8 b(or)40 b(pro)s(cesses)j(with)d(man)m(y)h(particles)f |
| | 12740 | (in)g(the)h(\014nal)f(state)i(it)e(w)m(ould)0 5561 y(b)s(e)h(replaced)f |
| | 12741 | (b)m(y)h(an)f(in)m(tegral)f(o)m(v)m(er)j(the)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g |
| | 12742 | (\014nal-state)f(phase)j(space.)68 b(The)41 b Fj(f)3261 |
| | 12743 | 5525 y Fh(a)3250 5586 y(i)3302 5561 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p |
| | 12744 | Fw(\))g(are)f(the)0 5669 y(parton-distribution)j(functions,)48 |
| | 12745 | b(whic)m(h)e(describ)s(e)g(the)g(probabilit)m(y)d(to)i(\014nd)h(a)f |
| | 12746 | (parton)g Fj(i)g Fw(inside)1841 5953 y(10)p eop |
| | 12747 | %%Page: 11 17 |
| | 12748 | 11 16 bop 0 -18 a Fw(b)s(eam)33 b(particle)e Fj(a)p Fw(,)j(with)f |
| | 12749 | (parton)g Fj(i)g Fw(carrying)g(a)g(fraction)f Fj(x)i |
| | 12750 | Fw(of)f(the)g(total)f Fj(a)h Fw(momen)m(tum.)44 b(Actually)-8 |
| | 12751 | b(,)0 90 y(parton)27 b(distributions)e(also)i(dep)s(end)h(on)f(some)g |
| | 12752 | (momen)m(tum)e(scale)i Fj(Q)2577 54 y Fl(2)2644 90 y |
| | 12753 | Fw(that)g(c)m(haracterizes)h(the)f(hard)0 198 y(pro)s(cess.)146 |
| | 12754 | 307 y(P)m(arton)37 b(distributions)e(are)h(most)g(familiar)c(for)k |
| | 12755 | (hadrons,)i(suc)m(h)g(as)e(the)h(proton.)55 b(Hadrons)36 |
| | 12756 | b(are)0 415 y(inheren)m(tly)29 b(comp)s(osite)f(ob)5 |
| | 12757 | b(jects,)31 b(made)d(up)i(of)e(quarks)i(and)g(gluons.)41 |
| | 12758 | b(Since)29 b(w)m(e)h(do)f(not)g(understand)0 523 y(QCD,)i(a)g(deriv)-5 |
| | 12759 | b(ation)29 b(from)h(\014rst)i(principles)e(of)h(hadron)g(parton)g |
| | 12760 | (distributions)e(do)s(es)j(not)f(y)m(et)h(exist,)0 632 |
| | 12761 | y(although)37 b(some)h(progress)h(is)f(b)s(eing)g(made)g(in)f(lattice)g |
| | 12762 | (QCD)h(studies.)61 b(It)38 b(is)g(therefore)h(necessary)0 |
| | 12763 | 740 y(to)g(rely)h(on)f(parametrizations,)g(where)i(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)d |
| | 12764 | (data)i(are)f(used)i(in)e(conjunction)g(with)g(the)0 |
| | 12765 | 848 y(ev)m(olution)29 b(equations)g(for)g(the)h Fj(Q)1241 |
| | 12766 | 812 y Fl(2)1310 848 y Fw(dep)s(endence,)j(to)c(pin)g(do)m(wn)h(the)g |
| | 12767 | (parton)f(distributions.)41 b(Sev)m(eral)0 957 y(di\013eren)m(t)32 |
| | 12768 | b(groups)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(therefore)g(pro)s(duced)g(their)e(o)m(wn)h |
| | 12769 | (\014ts,)h(based)g(on)f(sligh)m(tly)e(di\013eren)m(t)i(sets)h(of)0 |
| | 12770 | 1065 y(data,)f(and)h(with)f(some)h(v)-5 b(ariation)30 |
| | 12771 | b(in)i(the)h(theoretical)e(assumptions.)146 1173 y(Also)22 |
| | 12772 | b(for)f(fundamen)m(tal)g(particles,)j(suc)m(h)f(as)f(the)h(electron,)h |
| | 12773 | (is)d(it)g(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)j(to)e(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(parton)0 |
| | 12774 | 1282 y(distributions.)40 b(The)29 b(function)e Fj(f)1238 |
| | 12775 | 1245 y Fl(e)1227 1306 y(e)1273 1282 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p |
| | 12776 | Fw(\))h(th)m(us)g(parametrizes)f(the)h(probabilit)m(y)e(that)h(the)h |
| | 12777 | (electron)g(that)0 1390 y(tak)m(es)38 b(part)f(in)f(the)h(hard)g(pro)s |
| | 12778 | (cess)h(retains)e(a)h(fraction)e Fj(x)j Fw(of)e(the)h(original)d |
| | 12779 | (energy)-8 b(,)39 b(the)e(rest)g(b)s(eing)0 1498 y(radiated)25 |
| | 12780 | b(\(in)m(to)h(photons\))g(in)g(the)g(initial)d(state.)42 |
| | 12781 | b(Of)25 b(course,)k(suc)m(h)f(radiation)c(could)h(equally)h(w)m(ell)f |
| | 12782 | (b)s(e)0 1607 y(made)33 b(part)g(of)g(the)h(hard)g(in)m(teraction,)f |
| | 12783 | (but)g(the)h(parton-distribution)d(approac)m(h)j(usually)f(is)g(m)m(uc) |
| | 12784 | m(h)0 1715 y(more)40 b(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t.)68 b(If)41 |
| | 12785 | b(need)g(b)s(e,)i(a)d(description)g(with)g(fundamen)m(tal)g(electrons)g |
| | 12786 | (is)g(reco)m(v)m(ered)j(for)0 1823 y(the)35 b(c)m(hoice)g |
| | 12787 | Fj(f)521 1787 y Fl(e)510 1848 y(e)556 1823 y Fw(\()p |
| | 12788 | Fj(x;)17 b(Q)770 1787 y Fl(2)810 1823 y Fw(\))31 b(=)g |
| | 12789 | Fj(\016)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)23 b Fn(\000)h Fw(1\).)49 b(Note)35 |
| | 12790 | b(that,)g(con)m(trary)g(to)f(the)h(proton)f(case,)i(electron)f(parton)0 |
| | 12791 | 1932 y(distributions)h(are)h(calculable)e(from)h(\014rst)h(principles,) |
| | 12792 | g(and)g(reduce)i(to)d(the)i Fj(\016)j Fw(function)36 |
| | 12793 | b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(for)0 2040 y Fj(Q)77 2004 y Fl(2)144 |
| | 12794 | 2040 y Fn(!)28 b Fw(0.)146 2148 y(The)g(electron)f(ma)m(y)g(also)f(con) |
| | 12795 | m(tain)h(photons,)i(and)e(the)g(photon)h(ma)m(y)e(in)h(its)f(turn)i |
| | 12796 | (con)m(tain)e(quarks)0 2257 y(and)40 b(gluons.)65 b(The)41 |
| | 12797 | b(in)m(ternal)d(structure)j(of)f(the)g(photon)g(is)f(a)h(bit)f(of)g(a)h |
| | 12798 | (problem,)g(since)h(the)f(pho-)0 2365 y(ton)45 b(con)m(tains)h(a)f(p)s |
| | 12799 | (oin)m(t-lik)m(e)e(part,)48 b(whic)m(h)e(is)f(p)s(erturbativ)m(ely)g |
| | 12800 | (calculable,)i(and)f(a)f(v)m(ector-meson)0 2473 y(dominance)39 |
| | 12801 | b(part,)i(whic)m(h)f(is)f(not.)65 b(Normally)-8 b(,)39 |
| | 12802 | b(the)h(photon)g(parton)f(distributions)f(are)i(therefore)0 |
| | 12803 | 2582 y(parametrized,)30 b(just)i(as)f(the)g(hadron)g(ones.)43 |
| | 12804 | b(Since)31 b(the)h(electron)e(ultimately)e(con)m(tains)j(quarks)h(and)0 |
| | 12805 | 2690 y(gluons,)48 b(hard)d(QCD)g(pro)s(cesses)i(lik)m(e)d(qg)50 |
| | 12806 | b Fn(!)f Fw(qg)d(therefore)g(not)f(only)f(app)s(ear)h(in)g(pp)g |
| | 12807 | (collisions,)0 2798 y(but)39 b(also)e(in)h(ep)g(ones)h(\(`resolv)m(ed)h |
| | 12808 | (photopro)s(duction'\))d(and)i(in)e(e)2478 2762 y Fl(+)2538 |
| | 12809 | 2798 y Fw(e)2581 2762 y Fk(\000)2678 2798 y Fw(ones)i(\(`doubly)g |
| | 12810 | (resolv)m(ed)g(2)p Fj(\015)0 2907 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts'\).)59 |
| | 12811 | b(The)38 b(parton)f(distribution)e(function)h(approac)m(h)i(here)g(mak) |
| | 12812 | m(es)f(it)f(m)m(uc)m(h)i(easier)f(to)f(reuse)0 3015 y(one)d(and)g(the)g |
| | 12813 | (same)f(hard)h(pro)s(cess)g(in)f(di\013eren)m(t)h(con)m(texts.)146 |
| | 12814 | 3123 y(There)i(is)d(also)g(another)h(kind)g(of)g(p)s(ossible)f |
| | 12815 | (generalization.)42 b(The)34 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(pro)s(cesses)h(q)p |
| | 12816 | 3301 3071 52 4 v(q)29 b Fn(!)f Fj(\015)3565 3087 y Fk(\003)3605 |
| | 12817 | 3123 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3714 3087 y Fl(0)3752 3123 y Fw(,)0 |
| | 12818 | 3232 y(studied)e(in)e(hadron)i(colliders,)f(and)g(e)1391 |
| | 12819 | 3196 y Fl(+)1451 3232 y Fw(e)1494 3196 y Fk(\000)1581 |
| | 12820 | 3232 y Fn(!)i Fj(\015)1764 3196 y Fk(\003)1804 3232 y |
| | 12821 | Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1913 3196 y Fl(0)1951 3232 y Fw(,)g(studied)f(in)f(e)2490 |
| | 12822 | 3196 y Fl(+)2549 3232 y Fw(e)2592 3196 y Fk(\000)2677 |
| | 12823 | 3232 y Fw(colliders,)g(are)g(really)f(sp)s(ecial)0 3351 |
| | 12824 | y(cases)39 b(of)f(a)g(common)f(pro)s(cess,)k(f)p 1261 |
| | 12825 | 3272 37 4 v 7 w(f)i Fn(!)37 b Fj(\015)1527 3315 y Fk(\003)1566 |
| | 12826 | 3351 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1675 3315 y Fl(0)1714 3351 y Fw(,)j(where)f(f)45 |
| | 12827 | b(denotes)39 b(a)f(fundamen)m(tal)f(fermion,)h(i.e.)60 |
| | 12828 | b(a)0 3459 y(quark,)42 b(lepton)d(or)g(neutrino.)64 b(The)40 |
| | 12829 | b(whole)g(structure)g(is)f(therefore)h(only)f(co)s(ded)h(once,)i(and)e |
| | 12830 | (then)0 3567 y(sligh)m(tly)32 b(di\013eren)m(t)i(couplings)f(and)h |
| | 12831 | (colour)f(prefactors)i(are)e(used,)j(dep)s(ending)e(on)g(the)g(initial) |
| | 12832 | c(state)0 3676 y(considered.)76 b(Usually)43 b(the)g(in)m(teresting)g |
| | 12833 | (cross)h(section)g(is)f(a)f(sum)i(o)m(v)m(er)g(sev)m(eral)g(di\013eren) |
| | 12834 | m(t)f(initial)0 3784 y(states,)33 b(e.g.)43 b(u)p 547 |
| | 12835 | 3731 55 4 v(u)28 b Fn(!)g Fj(\015)813 3748 y Fk(\003)852 |
| | 12836 | 3784 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)961 3748 y Fl(0)1031 3784 y Fw(and)k(d)p |
| | 12837 | 1274 3705 V(d)c Fn(!)f Fj(\015)1539 3748 y Fk(\003)1579 |
| | 12838 | 3784 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1688 3748 y Fl(0)1758 3784 y Fw(in)k(a)g(hadron)h |
| | 12839 | (collider.)41 b(This)32 b(kind)f(of)g(summation)f(is)0 |
| | 12840 | 3893 y(alw)m(a)m(ys)j(implicitly)28 b(done,)34 b(ev)m(en)g(when)f(not)g |
| | 12841 | (explicitly)e(men)m(tioned)h(in)g(the)h(text.)0 4166 |
| | 12842 | y Fp(2.2)135 b(Initial-)47 b(and)d(Final-State)i(Radiation)0 |
| | 12843 | 4339 y Fw(In)27 b(ev)m(ery)i(pro)s(cess)g(that)e(con)m(tains)g |
| | 12844 | (coloured)g(and/or)f(c)m(harged)i(ob)5 b(jects)29 b(in)d(the)h(initial) |
| | 12845 | d(or)j(\014nal)f(state,)0 4447 y(gluon)e(and/or)g(photon)g(radiation)e |
| | 12846 | (ma)m(y)j(giv)m(e)f(large)g(corrections)g(to)g(the)h(o)m(v)m(erall)f |
| | 12847 | (top)s(ology)f(of)h(ev)m(en)m(ts.)0 4556 y(Starting)32 |
| | 12848 | b(from)g(a)g(basic)h(2)c Fn(!)f Fw(2)k(pro)s(cess,)j(this)e(kind)g(of)f |
| | 12849 | (corrections)h(will)e(generate)j(2)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(3,)33 |
| | 12850 | b(2)c Fn(!)f Fw(4,)0 4664 y(and)38 b(so)g(on,)h(\014nal-state)d(top)s |
| | 12851 | (ologies.)57 b(As)38 b(the)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)36 b(energies)i(are)f |
| | 12852 | (increased,)j(hard)e(emission)0 4772 y(of)29 b(this)h(kind)g(is)f |
| | 12853 | (increasingly)f(imp)s(ortan)m(t,)h(relativ)m(e)g(to)h(fragmen)m |
| | 12854 | (tation,)e(in)h(determining)f(the)j(ev)m(en)m(t)0 4881 |
| | 12855 | y(structure.)146 4989 y(Tw)m(o)i(traditional)28 b(approac)m(hes)33 |
| | 12856 | b(exist)f(to)f(the)h(mo)s(delling)c(of)j(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)h |
| | 12857 | (corrections.)43 b(One)32 b(is)0 5098 y(the)k(matrix-elemen)m(t)d |
| | 12858 | (metho)s(d,)i(in)f(whic)m(h)i(F)-8 b(eynman)35 b(diagrams)f(are)h |
| | 12859 | (calculated,)g(order)g(b)m(y)h(order.)0 5206 y(In)47 |
| | 12860 | b(principle,)i(this)d(is)g(the)h(correct)h(approac)m(h,)i(whic)m(h)e |
| | 12861 | (tak)m(es)f(in)m(to)f(accoun)m(t)i(exact)f(kinematics,)0 |
| | 12862 | 5314 y(and)42 b(the)h(full)e(in)m(terference)i(and)f(helicit)m(y)f |
| | 12863 | (structure.)74 b(The)44 b(only)d(problem)h(is)f(that)h(calculations)0 |
| | 12864 | 5423 y(b)s(ecome)35 b(increasingly)f(di\016cult)g(in)g(higher)g |
| | 12865 | (orders,)i(in)f(particular)e(for)h(the)h(lo)s(op)f(graphs.)51 |
| | 12866 | b(Only)34 b(in)0 5531 y(exceptional)41 b(cases)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g |
| | 12867 | (therefore)f(more)e(than)i(one)g(lo)s(op)e(b)s(een)i(calculated)e(in)h |
| | 12868 | (full,)h(and)f(often)0 5639 y(w)m(e)c(do)e(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(an)m(y)f |
| | 12869 | (lo)s(op)f(corrections)g(at)h(all)d(at)j(our)f(disp)s(osal.)52 |
| | 12870 | b(On)36 b(the)g(other)g(hand,)g(w)m(e)h(ha)m(v)m(e)1841 |
| | 12871 | 5953 y(11)p eop |
| | 12872 | %%Page: 12 18 |
| | 12873 | 12 17 bop 0 -18 a Fw(indirect)41 b(but)h(strong)h(evidence)g(that,)h |
| | 12874 | (in)d(fact,)k(the)d(emission)f(of)g(m)m(ultiple)f(soft)i(gluons)f(pla)m |
| | 12875 | (ys)i(a)0 90 y(signi\014can)m(t)37 b(r^)-49 b(ole)37 |
| | 12876 | b(in)g(building)f(up)i(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(structure,)g(e.g.)60 |
| | 12877 | b(at)37 b(LEP)-8 b(,)39 b(and)f(this)f(sets)i(a)f(limit)c(to)0 |
| | 12878 | 198 y(the)j(applicabilit)m(y)d(of)i(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts.)57 |
| | 12879 | b(Since)37 b(the)g(phase)h(space)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)35 |
| | 12880 | b(for)h(gluon)g(emission)0 307 y(increases)41 b(with)f(the)h(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 12881 | b(ailable)38 b(energy)-8 b(,)44 b(the)d(matrix-elemen)m(t)d(approac)m |
| | 12882 | (h)j(b)s(ecomes)g(less)g(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)0 415 y(for)27 |
| | 12883 | b(the)h(full)d(structure)k(of)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(at)d(higher)g(energies.) |
| | 12884 | 42 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)31 b(the)d(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)g(expansion)g(b)m |
| | 12885 | (y)0 523 y(itself)i(is)i(b)s(etter)g(b)s(eha)m(v)m(ed)h(at)e(higher)g |
| | 12886 | (energies,)i(o)m(wing)e(to)g(the)h(running)f(of)h Fj(\013)2909 |
| | 12887 | 538 y Fl(s)2941 523 y Fw(.)43 b(As)32 b(a)f(consequence,)0 |
| | 12888 | 632 y(inclusiv)m(e)h(measuremen)m(ts,)i(e.g.)43 b(of)32 |
| | 12889 | b(the)h(rate)g(of)f(w)m(ell-separated)g(jets,)h(should)f(yield)g(more)g |
| | 12890 | (reliable)0 740 y(results.)146 848 y(The)i(second)g(p)s(ossible)d |
| | 12891 | (approac)m(h)i(is)f(the)h(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h(one.)44 |
| | 12892 | b(Here)33 b(an)f(arbitrary)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)0 957 |
| | 12893 | y(branc)m(hings)i(of)e(one)i(parton)f(in)m(to)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(\(or)f |
| | 12894 | (more\))g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(put)h(together,)g(to)f(yield)f(a)h |
| | 12895 | (description)0 1065 y(of)27 b(m)m(ultijet)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)31 |
| | 12896 | b(with)d(no)f(explicit)g(upp)s(er)h(limit)c(on)k(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er) |
| | 12897 | g(of)g(partons)g(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed.)42 b(This)28 b(is)0 |
| | 12898 | 1173 y(p)s(ossible)33 b(since)h(the)h(full)d(matrix-elemen)m(t)f |
| | 12899 | (expressions)36 b(are)e(not)f(used,)j(but)e(only)f(appro)m(ximations)0 |
| | 12900 | 1282 y(deriv)m(ed)d(b)m(y)f(simplifying)d(the)j(kinematics,)f(and)h |
| | 12901 | (the)g(in)m(terference)h(and)f(helicit)m(y)f(structure.)43 |
| | 12902 | b(P)m(arton)0 1390 y(sho)m(w)m(ers)27 b(are)d(therefore)h(exp)s(ected)h |
| | 12903 | (to)f(giv)m(e)f(a)g(go)s(o)s(d)f(description)h(of)g(the)h(substructure) |
| | 12904 | i(of)d(jets,)j(but)d(in)0 1498 y(principle)31 b(the)i(sho)m(w)m(er)h |
| | 12905 | (approac)m(h)f(has)f(limited)e(predictiv)m(e)i(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)i(for)e |
| | 12906 | (the)g(rate)h(of)f(w)m(ell-separated)0 1607 y(jets)42 |
| | 12907 | b(\(i.e.)71 b(the)42 b(2/3/4/5-jet)e(comp)s(osition\).)69 |
| | 12908 | b(In)42 b(practice,)i(sho)m(w)m(er)g(programs)d(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(patc)m |
| | 12909 | (hed)0 1715 y(up)33 b(to)f(describ)s(e)i(the)f(hard-gluon)e(emission)g |
| | 12910 | (region)h(reasonably)h(w)m(ell,)f(in)g(particular)f(for)h(the)h(e)3618 |
| | 12911 | 1679 y Fl(+)3677 1715 y Fw(e)3720 1679 y Fk(\000)0 1823 |
| | 12912 | y Fw(annihilation)e(pro)s(cess.)50 b(Nev)m(ertheless,)38 |
| | 12913 | b(the)d(sho)m(w)m(er)h(description)e(is)g(not)h(optimal)c(for)j |
| | 12914 | (absolute)g Fj(\013)3747 1838 y Fl(s)0 1932 y Fw(determinations.)146 |
| | 12915 | 2040 y(Th)m(us)i(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)g(approac)m(hes)h(are)e(complemen)m |
| | 12916 | (tary)g(in)f(man)m(y)i(resp)s(ects,)h(and)f(b)s(oth)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 12917 | (found)0 2148 y(use.)44 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)35 b(b)s(ecause)f(of)d(its) |
| | 12918 | h(simplicit)m(y)e(and)i(\015exibilit)m(y)-8 b(,)31 b(the)h(parton-sho)m |
| | 12919 | (w)m(er)h(option)f(is)f(gener-)0 2257 y(ally)h(the)h(\014rst)h(c)m |
| | 12920 | (hoice,)g(while)e(the)h(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts)i(one)f(is)g(mainly)e |
| | 12921 | (used)j(for)f Fj(\013)3053 2272 y Fl(s)3118 2257 y Fw(determinations,)0 |
| | 12922 | 2365 y(angular)26 b(distribution)f(of)h(jets,)j(triple-gluon)24 |
| | 12923 | b(v)m(ertex)29 b(studies,)g(and)e(other)g(sp)s(ecialized)f(studies.)42 |
| | 12924 | b(Ob-)0 2473 y(viously)-8 b(,)41 b(the)e(ultimate)e(goal)h(w)m(ould)h |
| | 12925 | (b)s(e)h(to)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(an)g(approac)m(h)f(where)i(the)f(b)s(est)g |
| | 12926 | (asp)s(ects)g(of)f(the)0 2582 y(t)m(w)m(o)33 b(w)m(orlds)g(are)g |
| | 12927 | (harmoniously)d(married.)0 2829 y Fo(2.2.1)112 b(Matrix)37 |
| | 12928 | b(elemen)m(ts)0 3002 y Fw(Matrix)31 b(elemen)m(ts)h(are)f(esp)s |
| | 12929 | (ecially)g(made)g(use)h(of)f(in)g(the)h Fm(Jetset)e Fw(implemen)m |
| | 12930 | (tation)e(of)j(the)h(pro)s(cess)0 3111 y(e)43 3074 y |
| | 12931 | Fl(+)102 3111 y Fw(e)145 3074 y Fk(\000)232 3111 y Fn(!)c |
| | 12932 | Fj(\015)416 3074 y Fk(\003)455 3111 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)564 |
| | 12933 | 3074 y Fl(0)631 3111 y Fn(!)f Fw(q)p 809 3058 52 4 v(q)q(.)146 |
| | 12934 | 3219 y(F)-8 b(or)34 b(initial-state)d(QED)j(radiation,)f(a)h(\014rst)h |
| | 12935 | (order)g(\(unexp)s(onen)m(tiated\))h(description)e(has)h(b)s(een)0 |
| | 12936 | 3327 y(adopted.)53 b(This)36 b(means)g(that)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(are)e(sub) |
| | 12937 | s(divided)f(in)m(to)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(classes,)i(those)e(where)h(a)e |
| | 12938 | (photon)0 3436 y(is)e(radiated)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(some)f(minim)m(um)c |
| | 12939 | (energy)-8 b(,)35 b(and)e(those)h(without)e(suc)m(h)j(a)e(photon.)45 |
| | 12940 | b(In)33 b(the)g(latter)0 3544 y(class,)28 b(the)g(soft)f(and)g(virtual) |
| | 12941 | f(corrections)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)g(lump)s(ed)e(together)h(to)g(giv) |
| | 12942 | m(e)g(a)g(total)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(rate)0 3652 y(that)k(is)f(correct)h(up) |
| | 12943 | g(to)g(one)g(lo)s(op.)42 b(This)33 b(approac)m(h)h(w)m(ork)m(ed)g |
| | 12944 | (\014ne)g(at)e(PETRA/PEP)j(energies,)e(but)0 3761 y(do)s(es)e(not)g(do) |
| | 12945 | g(so)g(w)m(ell)f(for)h(the)g(Z)1212 3724 y Fl(0)1282 |
| | 12946 | 3761 y Fw(line)f(shap)s(e,)i(i.e.)42 b(in)30 b(regions)h(where)h(the)f |
| | 12947 | (cross)h(section)f(is)g(rapidly)0 3869 y(v)-5 b(arying)32 |
| | 12948 | b(and)h(high)e(precision)h(is)g(striv)m(ed)i(for.)146 |
| | 12949 | 3977 y(F)-8 b(or)26 b(\014nal-state)g(QCD)g(radiation,)f(sev)m(eral)j |
| | 12950 | (options)e(are)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)39 b(The)27 b(default)f(is)g(the)h |
| | 12951 | (parton-)0 4086 y(sho)m(w)m(er)34 b(one)f(\(see)h(b)s(elo)m(w\),)f(but) |
| | 12952 | g(the)g(matrix-elemen)m(ts)e(options)h(are)h(also)e(frequen)m(tly)j |
| | 12953 | (used.)45 b(In)33 b(the)0 4194 y(de\014nition)38 b(of)h(3-)g(or)g |
| | 12954 | (4-jet)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)43 b(a)c(cut)h(is)f(in)m(tro)s(duced)g(whereb)m |
| | 12955 | (y)j(it)c(is)h(required)h(that)f(an)m(y)h(t)m(w)m(o)0 |
| | 12956 | 4302 y(partons)48 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(an)f(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)46 |
| | 12957 | b(mass)i(bigger)e(than)i(some)g(fraction)e(of)i(the)g(c.m.)88 |
| | 12958 | b(energy)-8 b(.)90 b(3-jet)0 4411 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)43 b(whic)m(h)e(do)f |
| | 12959 | (not)h(ful\014ll)d(this)i(requiremen)m(t)h(are)f(lump)s(ed)g(with)g |
| | 12960 | (the)h(2-jet)f(ones.)68 b(The)41 b(\014rst-)0 4519 y(order)e |
| | 12961 | (matrix-elemen)m(t)e(option,)j(whic)m(h)g(only)e(con)m(tains)h(3-)g |
| | 12962 | (and)g(2-jet)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(therefore)f(in)m(v)m(olv)m(es)0 |
| | 12963 | 4627 y(no)34 b(am)m(biguities.)45 b(In)34 b(second)h(order,)f(where)h |
| | 12964 | (also)e(4-jets)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(b)s(e)g(considered,)h(a)e(main)g |
| | 12965 | (issue)h(is)0 4736 y(what)29 b(to)g(do)g(with)g(4-jet)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i |
| | 12966 | (that)e(fail)e(the)i(cuts.)44 b(Dep)s(ending)28 b(on)h(the)h(c)m(hoice) |
| | 12967 | g(of)e(recom)m(bination)0 4844 y(sc)m(heme,)45 b(whereb)m(y)e(the)f(t)m |
| | 12968 | (w)m(o)g(nearb)m(y)g(partons)g(are)f(joined)g(in)m(to)f(one,)k |
| | 12969 | (di\013eren)m(t)d(3-jet)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(are)0 4952 y(pro)s(duced.)h |
| | 12970 | (Therefore)33 b(the)f(second-order)g(di\013eren)m(tial)e(3-jet)h(rate)h |
| | 12971 | (has)g(b)s(een)g(the)g(sub)5 b(ject)33 b(of)f(some)0 |
| | 12972 | 5061 y(con)m(tro)m(v)m(ersy)-8 b(,)35 b(and)e Fm(Jetset)e |
| | 12973 | Fw(actually)g(con)m(tains)i(t)m(w)m(o)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(implemen)m |
| | 12974 | (tations.)146 5169 y(By)44 b(con)m(trast,)i Fm(Pythia)d |
| | 12975 | Fw(do)s(es)g(not)g(con)m(tain)g(an)m(y)g(full)e(higher-order)i(matrix)e |
| | 12976 | (elemen)m(ts,)46 b(with)0 5277 y(lo)s(op)24 b(con)m(tributions)g |
| | 12977 | (included.)41 b(There)26 b(are)f(a)g(few)h(cases)h(where)f |
| | 12978 | (higher-order)e(matrix)g(elemen)m(ts)h(are)0 5386 y(included)33 |
| | 12979 | b(at)h(the)g(Born)f(lev)m(el.)46 b(Consider)35 b(e.g.)46 |
| | 12980 | b(the)34 b(case)h(of)e(W)i(pro)s(duction)e(at)h(a)f(hadron)h(collider,) |
| | 12981 | 0 5494 y(whic)m(h)45 b(is)e(con)m(tained)i(in)e(the)i(lo)m(w)m |
| | 12982 | (est-order)f(pro)s(cess)i(q)p 2121 5441 V(q)2173 5458 |
| | 12983 | y Fk(0)2243 5494 y Fn(!)i Fw(W)q(.)78 b(In)45 b(an)f(inclusiv)m(e)g |
| | 12984 | (description,)0 5602 y(additional)39 b(jets)j(recoiling)d(against)i |
| | 12985 | (the)h(W)h(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)h(generated)h(b)m(y)f(parton)f(sho)m(w)m |
| | 12986 | (ers.)73 b Fm(Pythia)1841 5953 y Fw(12)p eop |
| | 12987 | %%Page: 13 19 |
| | 12988 | 13 18 bop 0 -18 a Fw(also)34 b(con)m(tains)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 12989 | (\014rst-order)g(pro)s(cesses)i(qg)c Fn(!)e Fw(Wq)2236 |
| | 12990 | -55 y Fk(0)2295 -18 y Fw(and)k(q)p 2538 -71 52 4 v(q)2590 |
| | 12991 | -55 y Fk(0)2645 -18 y Fn(!)c Fw(Wg)q(.)50 b(The)36 b(cross)g(sections)0 |
| | 12992 | 90 y(for)j(these)j(pro)s(cesses)f(are)f(div)m(ergen)m(t)h(when)g(the)g |
| | 12993 | Fj(p)1932 105 y Fk(?)2031 90 y Fn(!)e Fw(0.)66 b(In)40 |
| | 12994 | b(this)f(region)g(a)h(correct)h(treatmen)m(t)0 198 y(w)m(ould)i |
| | 12995 | (therefore)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to)f(tak)m(e)h(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t)i(lo)s |
| | 12996 | (op)e(corrections,)k(whic)m(h)e(are)f(not)g(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 12997 | b(ailable)40 b(in)0 307 y Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)68 b(Dep)s(ending)40 |
| | 12998 | b(on)g(the)h(ph)m(ysics)i(application,)d(one)h(could)f(then)h(use)g |
| | 12999 | Fm(Pythia)g Fw(in)f(one)h(of)0 415 y(t)m(w)m(o)32 b(w)m(a)m(ys.)45 |
| | 13000 | b(In)32 b(the)h(region)d(of)i(small)d Fj(p)1451 430 y |
| | 13001 | Fk(?)1510 415 y Fw(,)j(the)g(preferred)h(option)e(is)g(lo)m(w)m |
| | 13002 | (est-order)h(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)0 523 y(com)m(bined)d(with)g(parton)h |
| | 13003 | (sho)m(w)m(ers.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)26 b(the)i(pro)s(duction)f(of)g(a)g(W)i |
| | 13004 | (at)e(large)g Fj(p)2884 538 y Fk(?)2943 523 y Fw(,)h(on)g(the)f(other)h |
| | 13005 | (hand,)0 632 y(the)g(sho)m(w)m(er)g(approac)m(h)g(is)f(to)s(o)f |
| | 13006 | (imprecise)g(to)h(giv)m(e)g(the)h(righ)m(t)e(cross)i(section;)h |
| | 13007 | (additionally)24 b(the)k(ev)m(en)m(t)0 740 y(selection)44 |
| | 13008 | b(mac)m(hinery)h(is)g(v)m(ery)h(ine\016cien)m(t.)80 b(Here)46 |
| | 13009 | b(it)e(is)g(adv)-5 b(an)m(tageous)45 b(to)g(generate)g(\014rst-order)0 |
| | 13010 | 848 y(ev)m(en)m(ts,)35 b(and)e(then)g(add)g(sho)m(w)m(ers)h(only)e(to)h |
| | 13011 | (describ)s(e)g(additional)c(softer)k(radiation.)0 1096 |
| | 13012 | y Fo(2.2.2)112 b(P)m(arton)37 b(sho)m(w)m(ers)0 1269 |
| | 13013 | y Fw(The)47 b(separation)f(of)g(radiation)f(in)m(to)g(initial-)d(and)47 |
| | 13014 | b(\014nal-state)f(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(is)e(arbitrary)-8 b(,)49 |
| | 13015 | b(but)e(v)m(ery)0 1377 y(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t.)65 b(There)41 |
| | 13016 | b(are)e(also)f(situations)g(where)j(it)d(is)h(appropriate:)56 |
| | 13017 | b(for)38 b(instance,)k(the)d(pro)s(cess)0 1485 y(e)43 |
| | 13018 | 1449 y Fl(+)102 1485 y Fw(e)145 1449 y Fk(\000)244 1485 |
| | 13019 | y Fn(!)g Fw(Z)443 1449 y Fl(0)521 1485 y Fn(!)f Fw(q)p |
| | 13020 | 710 1433 V(q)i(only)f(con)m(tains)g(\014nal-state)g(QCD)g(radiation)e |
| | 13021 | (\(QED)i(radiation,)g(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)k(is)0 1594 y(p)s(ossible)33 |
| | 13022 | b(b)s(oth)h(in)f(the)h(initial)d(and)j(\014nal)f(state\),)h(while)g(q)p |
| | 13023 | 2190 1541 V(q)c Fn(!)g Fw(Z)2461 1558 y Fl(0)2530 1594 |
| | 13024 | y Fn(!)g Fw(e)2703 1558 y Fl(+)2762 1594 y Fw(e)2805 |
| | 13025 | 1558 y Fk(\000)2898 1594 y Fw(only)k(con)m(tains)g(initial-)0 |
| | 13026 | 1702 y(state)c(QCD)f(one.)42 b(Similarly)-8 b(,)26 b(the)k(distinction) |
| | 13027 | d(of)i(emission)f(as)h(coming)f(either)h(from)f(the)h(q)h(or)f(from)0 |
| | 13028 | 1810 y(the)p 171 1758 V 36 w(q)35 b(is)g(arbitrary)-8 |
| | 13029 | b(.)51 b(In)35 b(general,)h(the)f(assignmen)m(t)g(of)g(radiation)e(to)i |
| | 13030 | (a)g(giv)m(en)g(mother)g(parton)g(is)g(a)0 1919 y(go)s(o)s(d)f(appro)m |
| | 13031 | (ximation)f(for)h(an)h(emission)f(close)h(to)g(the)g(direction)f(of)h |
| | 13032 | (motion)e(of)i(that)g(parton,)g(but)0 2027 y(not)26 b(for)f(the)i |
| | 13033 | (wide-angle)e(emission)f(in)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(t)m(w)m(o)e(jets,)i |
| | 13034 | (where)f(in)m(terference)h(terms)e(are)g(exp)s(ected)0 |
| | 13035 | 2135 y(to)32 b(b)s(e)h(imp)s(ortan)m(t.)146 2244 y(In)j(b)s(oth)g |
| | 13036 | (initial-)31 b(and)36 b(\014nal-state)f(sho)m(w)m(ers,)k(the)d |
| | 13037 | (structure)h(is)e(giv)m(en)h(in)f(terms)h(of)f(branc)m(hings)0 |
| | 13038 | 2352 y Fj(a)28 b Fn(!)f Fj(bc)p Fw(,)f(sp)s(eci\014cally)c(e)28 |
| | 13039 | b Fn(!)g Fw(e)p Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)25 b(q)j Fn(!)g Fw(qg)q(,)d(q)k |
| | 13040 | Fn(!)e Fw(q)p Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)26 b(g)i Fn(!)g Fw(gg)q(,)d(and)e(g)29 |
| | 13041 | b Fn(!)e Fw(q)p 2695 2299 V(q)q(.)41 b(Eac)m(h)24 b(of)f(these)h(pro)s |
| | 13042 | (cesses)0 2460 y(is)32 b(c)m(haracterized)h(b)m(y)h(a)e(splitting)e(k)m |
| | 13043 | (ernel)k Fj(P)1644 2475 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)1816 2460 |
| | 13044 | y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\).)44 b(The)34 b(branc)m(hing)e(rate)h(is)f(prop)s |
| | 13045 | (ortional)e(to)i(the)0 2569 y(in)m(tegral)359 2498 y |
| | 13046 | Fg(R)430 2569 y Fj(P)493 2584 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)666 |
| | 13047 | 2569 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(z)t Fw(.)56 b(The)37 |
| | 13048 | b Fj(z)k Fw(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(pic)m(k)m(ed)i(for)f(a)g(branc)m(hing)g |
| | 13049 | (describ)s(es)h(the)g(energy)g(sharing,)0 2677 y(with)d(daugh)m(ter)i |
| | 13050 | Fj(b)f Fw(taking)f(a)h(fraction)e Fj(z)40 b Fw(and)35 |
| | 13051 | b(daugh)m(ter)g Fj(c)g Fw(the)g(remaining)e(1)23 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 13052 | Fj(z)40 b Fw(of)34 b(the)h Fj(a)g Fw(energy)-8 b(.)0 |
| | 13053 | 2785 y(Once)33 b(formed,)f(the)h(daugh)m(ters)h Fj(b)f |
| | 13054 | Fw(and)g Fj(c)f Fw(ma)m(y)g(in)g(turn)h(branc)m(h,)h(and)e(so)h(on.)146 |
| | 13055 | 2894 y(Eac)m(h)f(parton)f(is)f(c)m(haracterized)i(b)m(y)f(some)g |
| | 13056 | (virtualit)m(y)e(scale)i Fj(Q)2502 2858 y Fl(2)2542 2894 |
| | 13057 | y Fw(,)g(whic)m(h)g(giv)m(es)h(an)e(appro)m(ximate)0 |
| | 13058 | 3002 y(sense)i(of)f(time)e(ordering)h(to)g(the)h(cascade.)44 |
| | 13059 | b(In)31 b(the)g(initial-state)c(sho)m(w)m(er,)33 b Fj(Q)2862 |
| | 13060 | 2966 y Fl(2)2932 3002 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(are)f(gradually)0 |
| | 13061 | 3111 y(increasing)35 b(as)g(the)h(hard)f(scattering)g(is)g(approac)m |
| | 13062 | (hed,)i(while)d Fj(Q)2418 3074 y Fl(2)2493 3111 y Fw(is)h(decreasing)h |
| | 13063 | (in)f(the)g(\014nal-state)0 3219 y(sho)m(w)m(ers.)53 |
| | 13064 | b(Sho)m(w)m(er)36 b(ev)m(olution)e(is)g(cut)h(o\013)g(at)f(some)h(lo)m |
| | 13065 | (w)m(er)g(scale)g Fj(Q)2516 3234 y Fl(0)2556 3219 y Fw(,)g(t)m |
| | 13066 | (ypically)f(around)h(1)f(GeV)h(for)0 3327 y(QCD)29 b(branc)m(hings.)43 |
| | 13067 | b(The)30 b(same)e(cut-o\013)h(scale)g(is)g(also)f(used)i(to)f |
| | 13068 | (regularize)e(the)j(soft)f(gluon)f(emission)0 3436 y(div)m(ergences)40 |
| | 13069 | b(in)d(the)i(splitting)c(k)m(ernels.)61 b(F)-8 b(rom)37 |
| | 13070 | b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)j(a)e(maxim)m(um)e(scale)i Fj(Q)3020 |
| | 13071 | 3451 y Fl(max)3194 3436 y Fw(is)f(in)m(tro)s(duced,)0 |
| | 13072 | 3544 y(where)c(the)f(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(are)d(matc)m(hed)h(to)g(the)g |
| | 13073 | (hard)f(in)m(teraction)g(itself.)42 b(The)32 b(relation)e(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 13074 | (een)k Fj(Q)3644 3559 y Fl(max)0 3652 y Fw(and)e(the)g(kinematics)f(of) |
| | 13075 | g(the)h(hard)g(scattering)g(is)f(uncertain,)h(and)g(the)g(c)m(hoice)g |
| | 13076 | (made)g(can)g(strongly)0 3761 y(a\013ect)h(the)g(amoun)m(t)f(of)g(w)m |
| | 13077 | (ell-separated)g(jets.)146 3869 y(Despite)i(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f |
| | 13078 | (common)g(traits,)g(the)i(initial-)29 b(and)34 b(\014nal-state)f |
| | 13079 | (radiation)f(mac)m(hineries)0 3977 y(are)g(in)e(fact)i(quite)f |
| | 13080 | (di\013eren)m(t,)h(and)g(are)f(describ)s(ed)i(separately)e(b)s(elo)m |
| | 13081 | (w.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(historical)e(reasons,)k(the)0 |
| | 13082 | 4086 y(\014nal-state)f(sho)m(w)m(er)i(is)e(found)h(in)f |
| | 13083 | Fm(Jetset)f Fw(and)i(the)g(initial-state)c(one)j(in)g |
| | 13084 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)146 4194 y(Final-state)f(sho)m(w)m(ers)k(are)e |
| | 13085 | (time-lik)m(e,)d(i.e.)44 b(partons)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 13086 | Fj(m)2421 4158 y Fl(2)2489 4194 y Fw(=)28 b Fj(E)2671 |
| | 13087 | 4158 y Fl(2)2733 4194 y Fn(\000)23 b Fo(p)2895 4158 y |
| | 13088 | Fl(2)2963 4194 y Fn(\025)28 b Fw(0.)45 b(The)33 b(ev)m(olution)0 |
| | 13089 | 4302 y(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b Fj(Q)439 4266 y Fl(2)507 4302 |
| | 13090 | y Fw(of)h(the)g(cascade)i(is)e(therefore)h(in)e Fm(Jetset)h |
| | 13091 | Fw(asso)s(ciated)g(with)g(the)h Fj(m)3021 4266 y Fl(2)3089 |
| | 13092 | 4302 y Fw(of)f(the)h(branc)m(hing)0 4411 y(parton,)37 |
| | 13093 | b(but)f(this)g(c)m(hoice)g(is)f(not)h(unique.)54 b(Starting)35 |
| | 13094 | b(from)g Fj(Q)2352 4374 y Fl(2)2352 4435 y(max)2488 4411 |
| | 13095 | y Fw(,)h(an)g(original)d(parton)j(is)f(ev)m(olv)m(ed)0 |
| | 13096 | 4519 y(do)m(wn)m(w)m(ards)e(in)d Fj(Q)689 4483 y Fl(2)759 |
| | 13097 | 4519 y Fw(un)m(til)f(a)i(branc)m(hing)f(o)s(ccurs.)44 |
| | 13098 | b(The)31 b(selected)h Fj(Q)2493 4483 y Fl(2)2563 4519 |
| | 13099 | y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(de\014nes)i(the)f(mass)g(of)f(the)0 |
| | 13100 | 4627 y(branc)m(hing)40 b(parton,)h(and)f(the)g Fj(z)45 |
| | 13101 | b Fw(of)39 b(the)h(splitting)d(k)m(ernel)k(the)f(parton)g(energy)g |
| | 13102 | (division)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)0 4736 y(its)h(daugh)m(ters.)65 |
| | 13103 | b(These)41 b(daugh)m(ters)f(ma)m(y)f(no)m(w,)j(in)d(turn,)i(ev)m(olv)m |
| | 13104 | (e)g(do)m(wn)m(w)m(ards,)i(in)c(this)g(case)h(with)0 |
| | 13105 | 4844 y(maxim)m(um)30 b(virtualit)m(y)h(already)h(de\014ned)i(b)m(y)g |
| | 13106 | (kinematics,)d(and)i(so)g(on)f(do)m(wn)i(to)e(the)h Fj(Q)3281 |
| | 13107 | 4859 y Fl(0)3353 4844 y Fw(cut-o\013.)146 4952 y(In)44 |
| | 13108 | b(QCD)e(sho)m(w)m(ers,)48 b(corrections)43 b(to)g(the)g(leading-log)d |
| | 13109 | (picture,)46 b(so-called)41 b(coherence)k(e\013ects,)0 |
| | 13110 | 5061 y(lead)f(to)h(an)f(ordering)g(of)h(subsequen)m(t)j(emissions)c(in) |
| | 13111 | g(terms)h(of)f(decreasing)h(angles.)80 b(This)45 b(do)s(es)0 |
| | 13112 | 5169 y(not)e(follo)m(w)f(automatically)e(from)j(the)h(mass-ordering)e |
| | 13113 | (constrain)m(t,)47 b(but)c(is)h(implemen)m(ted)e(as)i(an)0 |
| | 13114 | 5277 y(additional)30 b(requiremen)m(t)j(on)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g |
| | 13115 | (emissions.)44 b(Photon)33 b(emission)f(is)g(not)h(a\013ected)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 13116 | (angular)0 5386 y(ordering.)41 b(It)29 b(is)g(also)f(p)s(ossible)g(to)h |
| | 13117 | (obtain)e(non-trivial)f(correlations)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(azim)m(uthal) |
| | 13118 | c(angles)h(in)0 5494 y(the)d(v)-5 b(arious)25 b(branc)m(hings,)i(some)d |
| | 13119 | (of)h(whic)m(h)g(are)g(implemen)m(ted)f(as)h(options.)41 |
| | 13120 | b(Finally)-8 b(,)23 b(the)j(theoretical)0 5602 y(analysis)33 |
| | 13121 | b(strongly)g(suggests)h(the)g(scale)g(c)m(hoice)f Fj(\013)1883 |
| | 13122 | 5617 y Fl(s)1945 5602 y Fw(=)28 b Fj(\013)2111 5617 y |
| | 13123 | Fl(s)2143 5602 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)2230 5566 y Fl(2)2230 5627 |
| | 13124 | y Fk(?)2289 5602 y Fw(\))h(=)g Fj(\013)2523 5617 y Fl(s)2555 |
| | 13125 | 5602 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\(1)23 b Fn(\000)h Fj(z)t Fw(\))p |
| | 13126 | Fj(m)3025 5566 y Fl(2)3065 5602 y Fw(\),)34 b(and)f(this)g(is)g(the) |
| | 13127 | 1841 5953 y(13)p eop |
| | 13128 | %%Page: 14 20 |
| | 13129 | 14 19 bop 0 -18 a Fw(default)32 b(in)g(the)h(program.)146 |
| | 13130 | 90 y(The)27 b(\014nal-state)f(radiation)d(mac)m(hinery)j(is)g(applied)f |
| | 13131 | (in)g(the)h(c.m.)41 b(frame)26 b(of)f(the)i(hard)f(scattering.)0 |
| | 13132 | 198 y(The)33 b(total)d(energy)j(and)f(momen)m(tum)f(of)h(the)g |
| | 13133 | (hard-scattering)f(subsystem)j(is)e(preserv)m(ed,)i(as)f(is)e(the)0 |
| | 13134 | 307 y(direction)g(of)i(the)g(outgoing)e(partons)h(\(in)g(that)h |
| | 13135 | (frame\).)146 415 y(In)38 b(con)m(trast)h(to)e(\014nal-state)g(sho)m(w) |
| | 13136 | m(ers,)k(initial-state)34 b(ones)39 b(are)e(space-lik)m(e.)59 |
| | 13137 | b(This)38 b(means)g(that,)0 523 y(in)33 b(the)i(sequence)i(of)d(branc)m |
| | 13138 | (hings)h Fj(a)30 b Fn(!)g Fj(bc)35 b Fw(that)f(lead)g(up)g(from)f(the)i |
| | 13139 | (sho)m(w)m(er)h(initiator)31 b(to)j(the)g(hard)0 632 |
| | 13140 | y(in)m(teraction,)c(particles)h Fj(a)g Fw(and)g Fj(b)h |
| | 13141 | Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)g Fj(m)1557 595 y Fl(2)1625 632 y Fw(=)27 |
| | 13142 | b Fj(E)1806 595 y Fl(2)1865 632 y Fn(\000)20 b Fo(p)2024 |
| | 13143 | 595 y Fl(2)2091 632 y Fj(<)27 b Fw(0.)43 b(The)32 b(`side)g(branc)m(h') |
| | 13144 | g(particle)e Fj(c)p Fw(,)h(whic)m(h)0 740 y(do)s(es)g(not)g |
| | 13145 | (participate)f(in)g(the)h(hard)g(scattering,)h(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)i(on)e |
| | 13146 | (the)i(mass)f(shell,)f(or)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(time-lik)m(e)0 |
| | 13147 | 848 y(virtualit)m(y)-8 b(.)41 b(In)29 b(the)h(latter)e(case)i(a)f |
| | 13148 | (time-lik)m(e)d(sho)m(w)m(er)31 b(will)c(ev)m(olv)m(e)j(o\013)f(it,)g |
| | 13149 | (rather)g(lik)m(e)g(the)g(\014nal-state)0 957 y(radiation)36 |
| | 13150 | b(describ)s(ed)j(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)61 b(T)-8 b(o)38 b(\014rst)h(appro)m |
| | 13151 | (ximation,)e(the)i(ev)m(olution)e(of)h(the)g(space-lik)m(e)g(main)0 |
| | 13152 | 1065 y(branc)m(h)45 b(is)f(c)m(haracterized)h(b)m(y)h(the)f(ev)m |
| | 13153 | (olution)e(v)-5 b(ariable)43 b Fj(Q)2266 1029 y Fl(2)2353 |
| | 13154 | 1065 y Fw(=)48 b Fn(\000)p Fj(m)2639 1029 y Fl(2)2679 |
| | 13155 | 1065 y Fw(,)g(whic)m(h)c(is)g(required)h(to)f(b)s(e)0 |
| | 13156 | 1173 y(strictly)33 b(increasing)g(along)g(the)h(sho)m(w)m(er,)i(i.e.)47 |
| | 13157 | b Fj(Q)1821 1137 y Fl(2)1821 1198 y Fh(b)1890 1173 y |
| | 13158 | Fj(>)30 b(Q)2073 1137 y Fl(2)2073 1198 y Fh(a)2115 1173 |
| | 13159 | y Fw(.)47 b(Corrections)35 b(to)e(this)h(picture)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s |
| | 13160 | (een)0 1282 y(calculated,)d(but)h(are)f(basically)f(absen)m(t)j(in)e |
| | 13161 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)146 1390 y(Initial-state)h(radiation)f(is)j(handled)g |
| | 13162 | (within)f(the)h(bac)m(kw)m(ards)j(ev)m(olution)c(sc)m(heme.)52 |
| | 13163 | b(In)35 b(this)g(ap-)0 1498 y(proac)m(h,)25 b(the)d(c)m(hoice)g(of)g |
| | 13164 | (the)g(hard)g(scattering)f(is)h(based)h(on)e(the)i(use)g(of)e(ev)m(olv) |
| | 13165 | m(ed)i(parton)f(distributions,)0 1607 y(whic)m(h)j(means)f(that)g(the)h |
| | 13166 | (inclusiv)m(e)e(e\013ects)j(of)e(initial-state)c(radiation)i(are)i |
| | 13167 | (already)g(included.)40 b(What)0 1715 y(remains)f(is)f(therefore)i(to)g |
| | 13168 | (construct)g(the)g(exclusiv)m(e)h(sho)m(w)m(ers.)66 b(This)39 |
| | 13169 | b(is)g(done)h(starting)f(from)f(the)0 1823 y(t)m(w)m(o)h(incoming)e |
| | 13170 | (partons)i(at)f(the)i(hard)e(in)m(teraction,)i(tracing)d(the)j(sho)m(w) |
| | 13171 | m(ers)h(`bac)m(kw)m(ards)g(in)d(time',)0 1932 y(bac)m(k)d(to)e(the)h(t) |
| | 13172 | m(w)m(o)h(sho)m(w)m(er)g(initiators.)45 b(In)34 b(other)g(w)m(ords,)h |
| | 13173 | (giv)m(en)f(a)g(parton)f Fj(b)p Fw(,)i(one)f(tries)f(to)h(\014nd)g(the) |
| | 13174 | 0 2040 y(parton)39 b Fj(a)g Fw(that)f(branc)m(hed)i(in)m(to)e |
| | 13175 | Fj(b)p Fw(.)63 b(The)40 b(ev)m(olution)e(in)g(the)h(Mon)m(te)h(Carlo)e |
| | 13176 | (is)g(therefore)h(in)g(terms)0 2148 y(of)32 b(a)g(sequence)j(of)c |
| | 13177 | (decreasing)i(space-lik)m(e)f(virtualities)e Fj(Q)2185 |
| | 13178 | 2112 y Fl(2)2257 2148 y Fw(and)i(increasing)f(momen)m(tum)g(fractions)0 |
| | 13179 | 2257 y Fj(x)p Fw(.)59 b(Branc)m(hings)38 b(on)f(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)f |
| | 13180 | (sides)g(are)g(in)m(terlea)m(v)m(ed)g(in)f(a)g(common)f(sequence)41 |
| | 13181 | b(of)c(decreasing)h Fj(Q)3740 2221 y Fl(2)0 2365 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 13182 | b(alues.)146 2473 y(In)24 b(the)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(formalism,)e(there)i |
| | 13183 | (is)f(no)g(real)g(distinction)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(gluon)e(and)g |
| | 13184 | (photon)h(emission.)0 2582 y(Some)32 b(of)g(the)h(details)f(actually)f |
| | 13185 | (do)h(di\013er,)h(as)f(will)f(b)s(e)h(explained)h(in)e(the)i(full)e |
| | 13186 | (description.)146 2690 y(The)i(initial-)27 b(and)k(\014nal-state)g |
| | 13187 | (radiation)e(shifts)j(around)f(the)h(kinematics)e(of)h(the)h(original)c |
| | 13188 | (hard)0 2798 y(in)m(teraction.)42 b(In)30 b(deep)i(inelastic)c |
| | 13189 | (scattering,)j(this)f(means)g(that)g(the)h Fj(x)g Fw(and)f |
| | 13190 | Fj(Q)2935 2762 y Fl(2)3005 2798 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)31 |
| | 13191 | b(that)f(can)g(b)s(e)0 2907 y(deriv)m(ed)c(from)d(the)i(momen)m(tum)e |
| | 13192 | (of)i(the)g(scattered)h(lepton)e(do)h(not)f(agree)h(with)f(the)i(v)-5 |
| | 13193 | b(alues)24 b(originally)0 3015 y(pic)m(k)m(ed.)44 b(In)33 |
| | 13194 | b(high-)p Fj(p)727 3030 y Fk(?)816 3015 y Fw(pro)s(cesses,)i(it)30 |
| | 13195 | b(means)i(that)g(one)g(no)g(longer)f(has)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(jets)f(with)g |
| | 13196 | (opp)s(osite)f(and)0 3123 y(comp)s(ensating)41 b Fj(p)674 |
| | 13197 | 3138 y Fk(?)733 3123 y Fw(,)j(but)f(more)e(complicated)f(top)s |
| | 13198 | (ologies.)70 b(E\013ects)44 b(of)d(an)m(y)i(original)38 |
| | 13199 | b(kinematics)0 3232 y(selection)c(cuts)h(are)g(therefore)g(smeared)g |
| | 13200 | (out,)g(an)f(unfortunate)h(side-e\013ect)g(of)f(the)g(parton-sho)m(w)m |
| | 13201 | (er)0 3340 y(approac)m(h.)0 3614 y Fp(2.3)135 b(Beam)46 |
| | 13202 | b(Remnan)l(ts)0 3787 y Fw(In)26 b(a)f(hadron{hadron)h(collision,)e(the) |
| | 13203 | i(initial-state)c(radiation)h(algorithm)f(reconstructs)28 |
| | 13204 | b(one)e(sho)m(w)m(er)0 3895 y(initiator)31 b(in)i(eac)m(h)i(b)s(eam.)47 |
| | 13205 | b(This)34 b(initiator)d(only)i(tak)m(es)i(some)f(fraction)f(of)g(the)i |
| | 13206 | (total)d(b)s(eam)h(energy)-8 b(,)0 4003 y(lea)m(ving)43 |
| | 13207 | b(b)s(ehind)h(a)g(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(t)h(whic)m(h)g(tak)m(es)i(the)e |
| | 13208 | (rest.)79 b(F)-8 b(or)43 b(a)h(proton)f(b)s(eam,)k(a)c(u)i(quark)0 |
| | 13209 | 4112 y(initiator)20 b(w)m(ould)j(lea)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(ehind)f(a)g(ud)h |
| | 13210 | (diquark)f(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(t,)j(with)e(an)g(an)m(titriplet)e(colour) |
| | 13211 | i(c)m(harge.)0 4220 y(The)46 b(remnan)m(t)f(is)g(therefore)h |
| | 13212 | (colour-connected)g(to)f(the)g(hard)h(in)m(teraction,)h(and)e(forms)g |
| | 13213 | (part)g(of)0 4328 y(the)37 b(same)g(fragmen)m(ting)f(system.)58 |
| | 13214 | b(It)37 b(is)f(further)i(customary)f(to)f(assign)h(a)g(primordial)c |
| | 13215 | (transv)m(erse)0 4437 y(momen)m(tum)g(to)h(the)h(sho)m(w)m(er)h |
| | 13216 | (initiator,)c(to)i(tak)m(e)i(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t)h(the)g(motion)d(of)i |
| | 13217 | (quarks)i(inside)e(the)0 4545 y(original)29 b(hadron,)k(basically)e(as) |
| | 13218 | i(required)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(uncertain)m(t)m(y)g(principle.)43 |
| | 13219 | b(This)33 b(primordial)c Fj(k)3623 4560 y Fk(?)3714 4545 |
| | 13220 | y Fw(is)0 4653 y(selected)i(according)d(to)i(some)f(suitable)g |
| | 13221 | (distribution,)f(and)i(the)f(recoil)g(is)g(assumed)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(tak)m |
| | 13222 | (en)g(up)0 4762 y(b)m(y)j(the)g(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(t.)146 |
| | 13223 | 4870 y(Often)37 b(the)g(remnan)m(t)g(is)f(more)g(complicated,)h(e.g.)56 |
| | 13224 | b(a)36 b(g)i(initiator)c(w)m(ould)i(lea)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(ehind)e(a)h(uud)0 |
| | 13225 | 4979 y(proton)28 b(remnan)m(t)g(system)h(in)e(a)h(colour)f(o)s(ctet)i |
| | 13226 | (state,)g(whic)m(h)g(can)f(con)m(v)m(enien)m(tly)i(b)s(e)e(sub)s |
| | 13227 | (divided)g(in)m(to)0 5087 y(a)f(colour)f(triplet)g(quark)i(and)f(a)g |
| | 13228 | (colour)g(an)m(titriplet)e(diquark,)j(eac)m(h)g(of)f(whic)m(h)h(are)f |
| | 13229 | (colour-connected)0 5195 y(to)g(the)g(hard)g(in)m(teraction.)41 |
| | 13230 | b(The)28 b(energy)g(sharing)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(these)g(t)m(w)m(o)e |
| | 13231 | (remnan)m(t)g(ob)5 b(jects,)30 b(and)d(their)0 5304 y(relativ)m(e)38 |
| | 13232 | b(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum,)e(in)m(tro)s(duces)g(additional)d |
| | 13233 | (degrees)k(of)e(freedom,)j(whic)m(h)e(are)g(not)0 5412 |
| | 13234 | y(understo)s(o)s(d)33 b(from)e(\014rst)i(principles.)146 |
| | 13235 | 5520 y(Na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(ely)-8 b(,)34 b(one)h(w)m(ould)f |
| | 13236 | (exp)s(ect)h(an)f(ep)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(to)e(ha)m(v)m(e)h(only)f(one)g(b)s |
| | 13237 | (eam)f(remnan)m(t,)i(and)f(an)g(e)3618 5484 y Fl(+)3677 |
| | 13238 | 5520 y Fw(e)3720 5484 y Fk(\000)0 5629 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)44 |
| | 13239 | b(none.)74 b(This)43 b(is)f(not)h(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(correct,)j(e.g.)74 |
| | 13240 | b(a)42 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)50 b Fn(!)44 b Fw(q)p 2443 |
| | 13241 | 5576 52 4 v(q)f(in)m(teraction)f(in)g(an)g(e)3350 5592 |
| | 13242 | y Fl(+)3410 5629 y Fw(e)3453 5592 y Fk(\000)3555 5629 |
| | 13243 | y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)1841 5953 y(14)p eop |
| | 13244 | %%Page: 15 21 |
| | 13245 | 15 20 bop 0 -18 a Fw(w)m(ould)46 b(lea)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(ehind)g(the)h(e) |
| | 13246 | 1113 -55 y Fl(+)1218 -18 y Fw(and)f(e)1464 -55 y Fk(\000)1569 |
| | 13247 | -18 y Fw(as)g(b)s(eam)g(remnan)m(ts,)j(and)d(a)g(q)p |
| | 13248 | 2797 -71 52 4 v(q)52 b Fn(!)e Fw(gg)c(in)m(teraction)f(in)0 |
| | 13249 | 90 y(resolv)m(ed)d(photopro)s(duction)f(in)g(an)g(e)1442 |
| | 13250 | 54 y Fl(+)1502 90 y Fw(e)1545 54 y Fk(\000)1646 90 y |
| | 13251 | Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)i(w)m(ould)e(lea)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(ehind)e(one)h(e)3018 |
| | 13252 | 54 y Fk(\006)3119 90 y Fw(and)f(one)h(q)p Fj(=)p 3605 |
| | 13253 | 37 V Fw(q)g(in)0 198 y(eac)m(h)33 b(remnan)m(t.)44 b(Corresp)s(onding) |
| | 13254 | 32 b(complications)e(o)s(ccur)j(for)f(photopro)s(duction)g(in)g(ep)h |
| | 13255 | (ev)m(en)m(ts.)146 307 y(There)g(is)e(another)g(source)i(of)d(b)s(eam)h |
| | 13256 | (remnan)m(ts.)44 b(If)31 b(parton)g(distributions)f(are)h(used)i(to)e |
| | 13257 | (resolv)m(e)0 415 y(an)f(electron)f(inside)g(an)h(electron,)g(some)g |
| | 13258 | (of)f(the)h(original)c(energy)31 b(is)e(not)h(used)g(in)f(the)h(hard)g |
| | 13259 | (in)m(terac-)0 523 y(tion,)g(but)h(is)f(rather)h(asso)s(ciated)f(with)g |
| | 13260 | (initial-state)d(photon)k(radiation.)40 b(The)32 b(initial-state)27 |
| | 13261 | b(sho)m(w)m(er)0 632 y(is)h(in)f(principle)g(in)m(tended)i(to)f(trace)g |
| | 13262 | (this)g(ev)m(olution)g(and)g(reconstruct)i(the)e(original)d(electron)j |
| | 13263 | (b)s(efore)0 740 y(an)m(y)23 b(radiation)d(at)h(all)g(to)s(ok)g(place.) |
| | 13264 | 40 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)27 b(b)s(ecause)c(of)f(cut-o\013)g(pro)s |
| | 13265 | (cedures,)j(some)d(small)e(amoun)m(t)0 848 y(ma)m(y)39 |
| | 13266 | b(b)s(e)h(left)f(unaccoun)m(ted.)67 b(Alternativ)m(ely)38 |
| | 13267 | b(the)i(user)h(ma)m(y)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(c)m(hosen)h(to)d(switc)m(h)h |
| | 13268 | (o\013)g(initial-)0 957 y(state)d(radiation)e(altogether,)h(but)h |
| | 13269 | (still)e(preserv)m(ed)k(the)e(resolv)m(ed)h(electron)e(parton)h |
| | 13270 | (distributions.)0 1065 y(In)k(either)f(case)i(the)f(remaining)d(energy) |
| | 13271 | k(is)e(giv)m(en)h(to)f(a)h(single)e(photon)i(of)f(v)-5 |
| | 13272 | b(anishing)39 b(transv)m(erse)0 1173 y(momen)m(tum,)31 |
| | 13273 | b(whic)m(h)i(is)f(then)i(considered)f(in)f(the)h(same)f(spirit)g(as)g |
| | 13274 | (`true')h(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(ts.)146 1282 y(So)j(far)f(w)m(e)i(ha)m(v)m |
| | 13275 | (e)g(assumed)f(that)f(eac)m(h)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(only)e(con)m(tains)h(one) |
| | 13276 | g(hard)f(in)m(teraction,)h(i.e.)49 b(that)0 1390 y(eac)m(h)25 |
| | 13277 | b(incoming)d(particle)h(has)h(only)g(one)g(parton)g(whic)m(h)h(tak)m |
| | 13278 | (es)g(part)f(in)f(hard)h(pro)s(cesses,)k(and)d(that)f(all)0 |
| | 13279 | 1498 y(other)34 b(constituen)m(ts)g(sail)e(through)i(una\013ected.)47 |
| | 13280 | b(This)34 b(is)f(appropriate)f(in)h(e)2863 1462 y Fl(+)2922 |
| | 13281 | 1498 y Fw(e)2965 1462 y Fk(\000)3058 1498 y Fw(or)g(ep)h(ev)m(en)m(ts,) |
| | 13282 | i(but)0 1607 y(not)e(necessarily)h(so)g(in)e(hadron{hadron)i |
| | 13283 | (collisions.)46 b(Here)35 b(eac)m(h)g(of)f(the)h(b)s(eam)f(particles)f |
| | 13284 | (con)m(tains)0 1715 y(a)44 b(m)m(ultitude)f(of)h(partons,)k(and)c(so)h |
| | 13285 | (the)f(probabilit)m(y)f(for)h(sev)m(eral)h(in)m(teractions)e(in)h(one)h |
| | 13286 | (and)f(the)0 1823 y(same)36 b(ev)m(en)m(t)j(need)e(not)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 13287 | (negligible.)52 b(In)37 b(principle)e(these)j(additional)33 |
| | 13288 | b(in)m(teractions)j(could)g(arise)0 1932 y(b)s(ecause)h(one)e(single)f |
| | 13289 | (parton)h(from)f(one)h(b)s(eam)g(scatters)h(against)e(sev)m(eral)i |
| | 13290 | (di\013eren)m(t)f(partons)h(from)0 2040 y(the)c(other)g(b)s(eam,)f(or)h |
| | 13291 | (b)s(ecause)h(sev)m(eral)f(partons)g(from)f(eac)m(h)h(b)s(eam)g(tak)m |
| | 13292 | (e)g(place)g(in)f(separate)h(2)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(2)0 2148 |
| | 13293 | y(scatterings.)51 b(Both)34 b(are)h(exp)s(ected,)j(but)d(com)m |
| | 13294 | (binatorics)e(should)i(fa)m(v)m(our)g(the)h(latter,)e(whic)m(h)i(is)e |
| | 13295 | (the)0 2257 y(mec)m(hanism)e(considered)h(in)f Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 13296 | Fw(.)146 2365 y(The)j(dominan)m(t)e(2)d Fn(!)g Fw(2)k(QCD)f(cross)i |
| | 13297 | (sections)g(are)f(div)m(ergen)m(t)h(for)e Fj(p)2729 2380 |
| | 13298 | y Fk(?)2819 2365 y Fn(!)c Fw(0,)35 b(and)f(drop)g(rapidly)0 |
| | 13299 | 2473 y(for)39 b(larger)f Fj(p)488 2488 y Fk(?)547 2473 |
| | 13300 | y Fw(.)65 b(Probably)39 b(the)h(lo)m(w)m(est-order)g(p)s(erturbativ)m |
| | 13301 | (e)g(cross)g(sections)g(will)e(b)s(e)h(regularized)0 |
| | 13302 | 2582 y(at)46 b(small)e Fj(p)451 2597 y Fk(?)556 2582 |
| | 13303 | y Fw(b)m(y)j(colour)e(coherence)j(e\013ects:)72 b(an)46 |
| | 13304 | b(exc)m(hanged)i(gluon)d(of)h(small)e Fj(p)3186 2597 |
| | 13305 | y Fk(?)3291 2582 y Fw(has)j(a)f(large)0 2690 y(transv)m(erse)c(w)m(a)m |
| | 13306 | (v)m(e)f(function)e(and)h(can)g(therefore)g(not)f(resolv)m(e)i(the)f |
| | 13307 | (individual)d(colour)h(c)m(harges)j(of)0 2798 y(the)36 |
| | 13308 | b(t)m(w)m(o)h(incoming)d(hadrons;)k(it)d(will)f(only)h(couple)h(to)g |
| | 13309 | (an)g(a)m(v)m(erage)g(colour)g(c)m(harge)g(that)g(v)-5 |
| | 13310 | b(anishes)0 2907 y(in)36 b(the)h(limit)c Fj(p)576 2922 |
| | 13311 | y Fk(?)669 2907 y Fn(!)h Fw(0.)55 b(In)37 b(the)g(program,)f(some)g |
| | 13312 | (e\013ectiv)m(e)i Fj(p)2332 2922 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)2545 |
| | 13313 | 2907 y Fw(scale)e(is)g(therefore)h(in)m(tro)s(duced,)0 |
| | 13314 | 3015 y(b)s(elo)m(w)e(whic)m(h)i(the)f(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)g(cross)g |
| | 13315 | (section)g(is)f(either)g(assumed)i(completely)d(v)-5 |
| | 13316 | b(anishing)35 b(or)g(at)0 3123 y(least)29 b(strongly)g(damp)s(ed.)42 |
| | 13317 | b(Phenomenologically)-8 b(,)27 b Fj(p)1949 3138 y Fk(?)p |
| | 13318 | Fl(min)2155 3123 y Fw(comes)i(out)g(to)g(b)s(e)h(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h |
| | 13319 | (of)f(the)g(order)0 3232 y(of)j(1.5{2.0)g(GeV.)146 3340 |
| | 13320 | y(In)26 b(a)f(t)m(ypical)g(`minim)m(um-bias')c(ev)m(en)m(t)27 |
| | 13321 | b(one)f(therefore)g(exp)s(ects)h(to)e(\014nd)h(one)g(or)f(a)g(few)h |
| | 13322 | (scatterings)0 3448 y(at)41 b(scales)h(around)f(or)g(a)g(bit)f(ab)s(o)m |
| | 13323 | (v)m(e)j Fj(p)1461 3463 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1637 3448 y Fw(,)h(while)c(a)h |
| | 13324 | (high-)p Fj(p)2328 3463 y Fk(?)2427 3448 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)i(also)e(ma)m |
| | 13325 | (y)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(additional)0 3557 y(scatterings)34 |
| | 13326 | b(at)f(the)h Fj(p)828 3572 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1038 3557 |
| | 13327 | y Fw(scale.)47 b(The)34 b(probabilit)m(y)e(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(sev)m |
| | 13328 | (eral)f(high-)p Fj(p)2948 3572 y Fk(?)3039 3557 y Fw(scatterings)g(in)f |
| | 13329 | (the)0 3665 y(same)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(is)d(small,)e(since)j(the)g(cross)h |
| | 13330 | (section)f(drops)g(so)f(rapidly)g(with)g Fj(p)2845 3680 |
| | 13331 | y Fk(?)2904 3665 y Fw(.)146 3774 y(The)j(understanding)g(of)e(m)m |
| | 13332 | (ultiple)f(in)m(teraction)g(is)i(still)d(v)m(ery)36 b(primitiv)m(e,)c |
| | 13333 | (and)i(ev)m(en)i(the)e(exp)s(er-)0 3882 y(imen)m(tal)h(evidence)k(that) |
| | 13334 | e(it)g(exists)h(at)f(all)f(is)h(rather)g(w)m(eak.)60 |
| | 13335 | b Fm(Pythia)37 b Fw(therefore)h(con)m(tains)g(sev)m(eral)0 |
| | 13336 | 3990 y(di\013eren)m(t)d(options,)g(with)g(a)f(fairly)f(simple)h(one)h |
| | 13337 | (as)g(default.)50 b(The)36 b(options)e(di\013er)g(in)g(particular)g(on) |
| | 13338 | 0 4099 y(the)39 b(issue)g(of)g(the)g(`p)s(edestal')g(e\013ect:)56 |
| | 13339 | b(is)38 b(there)i(an)e(increased)i(probabilit)m(y)c(or)j(not)f(for)g |
| | 13340 | (additional)0 4207 y(in)m(teractions)32 b(in)f(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(whic) |
| | 13341 | m(h)f(is)f(kno)m(wn)h(to)f(con)m(tain)g(a)g(hard)g(scattering,)g |
| | 13342 | (compared)g(with)g(one)0 4315 y(that)g(con)m(tains)h(no)f(hard)h(in)m |
| | 13343 | (teractions?)0 4589 y Fp(2.4)135 b(F)-11 b(ragmen)l(tation)0 |
| | 13344 | 4762 y Fw(QCD)42 b(p)s(erturbation)g(theory)-8 b(,)45 |
| | 13345 | b(form)m(ulated)c(in)h(terms)h(of)f(quarks)h(and)g(gluons,)h(is)e(v)-5 |
| | 13346 | b(alid)41 b(at)h(short)0 4870 y(distances.)i(A)m(t)30 |
| | 13347 | b(long)g(distances,)i(QCD)e(b)s(ecomes)h(strongly)f(in)m(teracting)f |
| | 13348 | (and)i(p)s(erturbation)f(theory)0 4979 y(breaks)48 b(do)m(wn.)89 |
| | 13349 | b(In)48 b(this)f(con\014nemen)m(t)h(regime,)i(the)e(coloured)e(partons) |
| | 13350 | i(are)f(transformed)g(in)m(to)0 5087 y(colourless)33 |
| | 13351 | b(hadrons,)h(a)g(pro)s(cess)g(called)f(either)g(hadronization)f(or)h |
| | 13352 | (fragmen)m(tation.)44 b(In)34 b(this)f(pap)s(er)0 5195 |
| | 13353 | y(w)m(e)25 b(reserv)m(e)h(the)f(former)e(term)g(for)h(the)g(com)m |
| | 13354 | (bination)e(of)i(fragmen)m(tation)e(and)i(the)h(subsequen)m(t)i(deca)m |
| | 13355 | (y)0 5304 y(of)32 b(unstable)h(particles.)146 5412 y(The)26 |
| | 13356 | b(fragmen)m(tation)d(pro)s(cess)i(has)g(y)m(et)h(to)e(b)s(e)h(understo) |
| | 13357 | s(o)s(d)g(from)f(\014rst)h(principles,)g(starting)f(from)0 |
| | 13358 | 5520 y(the)41 b(QCD)f(Lagrangian.)65 b(This)41 b(has)g(left)e(the)i(w)m |
| | 13359 | (a)m(y)h(clear)e(for)g(the)h(dev)m(elopmen)m(t)g(of)f(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 13360 | (er)h(of)0 5629 y(di\013eren)m(t)35 b(phenomenological)d(mo)s(dels.)49 |
| | 13361 | b(Three)36 b(main)d(sc)m(ho)s(ols)i(are)g(usually)f(distinguished,)h |
| | 13362 | (string)1841 5953 y(15)p eop |
| | 13363 | %%Page: 16 22 |
| | 13364 | 16 21 bop 0 -18 a Fw(fragmen)m(tation)26 b(\(SF\),)i(indep)s(enden)m(t) |
| | 13365 | h(fragmen)m(tation)e(\(IF\))g(and)i(cluster)f(fragmen)m(tation)e |
| | 13366 | (\(CF\),)i(but)0 90 y(man)m(y)41 b(v)-5 b(arian)m(ts)40 |
| | 13367 | b(and)g(h)m(ybrids)i(exist.)68 b(Being)40 b(mo)s(dels,)i(none)f(of)f |
| | 13368 | (them)g(can)h(la)m(y)f(claims)f(to)h(b)s(eing)0 198 y(`correct',)32 |
| | 13369 | b(although)d(some)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(b)s(etter)f(founded)h(than)g |
| | 13370 | (others.)43 b(The)32 b(b)s(est)f(that)f(can)g(b)s(e)h(aimed)0 |
| | 13371 | 307 y(for)g(is)g(in)m(ternal)g(consistency)-8 b(,)33 |
| | 13372 | b(a)f(go)s(o)s(d)e(represen)m(tation)j(of)e(existing)g(data,)g(and)h(a) |
| | 13373 | g(predictiv)m(e)g(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)0 415 y(for)g(prop)s(erties)h(not)f(y) |
| | 13374 | m(et)i(studied)e(or)h(results)g(at)f(higher)g(energies.)146 |
| | 13375 | 523 y Fm(Jetset)39 b Fw(is)f(in)m(timately)f(connected)k(with)e(string) |
| | 13376 | g(fragmen)m(tation,)g(in)f(the)i(form)e(of)h(the)g(time-)0 |
| | 13377 | 632 y(honoured)k(`Lund)g(mo)s(del'.)72 b(This)42 b(is)g(the)h(default)f |
| | 13378 | (for)g(all)f Fm(Jetset/Pythia)g Fw(applications,)i(but)0 |
| | 13379 | 740 y(indep)s(enden)m(t)33 b(fragmen)m(tation)d(options)h(also)f |
| | 13380 | (exist,)j(for)e(applications)e(where)k(one)f(wishes)h(to)e(study)0 |
| | 13381 | 848 y(the)i(imp)s(ortance)e(of)h(string)g(e\013ects.)146 |
| | 13382 | 957 y(All)38 b(curren)m(t)j(mo)s(dels)d(are)h(of)g(a)g(probabilistic)e |
| | 13383 | (and)j(iterativ)m(e)e(nature.)65 b(This)39 b(means)h(that)f(the)0 |
| | 13384 | 1065 y(fragmen)m(tation)30 b(pro)s(cess)k(as)e(a)g(whole)g(is)g |
| | 13385 | (describ)s(ed)h(in)f(terms)g(of)g(one)g(or)g(a)g(few)h(simple)e |
| | 13386 | (underlying)0 1173 y(branc)m(hings,)43 b(of)d(the)h(t)m(yp)s(e)h(jet)e |
| | 13387 | Fn(!)g Fw(hadron)h(+)f(remainder-jet,)i(string)e Fn(!)g |
| | 13388 | Fw(hadron)g(+)h(remainder-)0 1282 y(string,)36 b(and)g(so)g(on.)52 |
| | 13389 | b(A)m(t)36 b(eac)m(h)h(branc)m(hing,)g(probabilistic)32 |
| | 13390 | b(rules)k(are)g(giv)m(en)g(for)f(the)h(pro)s(duction)f(of)0 |
| | 13391 | 1390 y(new)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)g(and)e(for)g(the)h(sharing)f(of)g |
| | 13392 | (energy)i(and)f(momen)m(tum)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)f(pro)s(ducts.)146 |
| | 13393 | 1498 y(T)-8 b(o)38 b(understand)h(fragmen)m(tation)d(mo)s(dels,)i(it)e |
| | 13394 | (is)i(useful)f(to)h(start)f(with)h(the)g(simplest)e(p)s(ossible)0 |
| | 13395 | 1607 y(system,)45 b(a)c(colour-singlet)e(q)p 1114 1554 |
| | 13396 | 52 4 v(q)j(2-jet)f(ev)m(en)m(t,)46 b(as)41 b(pro)s(duced)h(in)f(e)2465 |
| | 13397 | 1571 y Fl(+)2525 1607 y Fw(e)2568 1571 y Fk(\000)2668 |
| | 13398 | 1607 y Fw(annihilation.)67 b(Here)42 b(lattice)0 1715 |
| | 13399 | y(QCD)37 b(studies)g(lend)g(supp)s(ort)g(to)f(a)h(linear)e |
| | 13400 | (con\014nemen)m(t)j(picture)f(\(in)f(the)h(absence)i(of)d(dynamical)0 |
| | 13401 | 1823 y(quarks\),)26 b(i.e.)39 b(the)23 b(energy)g(stored)g(in)f(the)h |
| | 13402 | (colour)e(dip)s(ole)g(\014eld)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(a)e(c)m(harge)h(and) |
| | 13403 | f(an)h(an)m(tic)m(harge)0 1932 y(increases)31 b(linearly)d(with)i(the)h |
| | 13404 | (separation)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)e(c)m(harges,)i(if)d(the)i |
| | 13405 | (short-distance)f(Coulom)m(b)0 2040 y(term)37 b(is)h(neglected.)60 |
| | 13406 | b(This)38 b(is)f(quite)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(from)e(the)j(b)s(eha)m(viour) |
| | 13407 | e(in)g(QED,)h(and)g(is)f(related)h(to)0 2148 y(the)i(presence)i(of)e(a) |
| | 13408 | f(triple-gluon)e(v)m(ertex)42 b(in)d(QCD.)h(The)h(details)d(are)i(not)g |
| | 13409 | (y)m(et)h(w)m(ell)e(understo)s(o)s(d,)0 2257 y(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)146 |
| | 13410 | 2365 y(The)29 b(assumption)e(of)g(linear)f(con\014nemen)m(t)i(pro)m |
| | 13411 | (vides)h(the)f(starting)e(p)s(oin)m(t)h(for)g(the)h(string)f(mo)s(del.) |
| | 13412 | 0 2473 y(As)38 b(the)f(q)g(and)p 603 2421 V 37 w(q)h(partons)f(mo)m(v)m |
| | 13413 | (e)h(apart)e(from)g(their)g(common)g(pro)s(duction)g(v)m(ertex,)k(the)e |
| | 13414 | (ph)m(ysical)0 2582 y(picture)28 b(is)f(that)g(of)g(a)h(colour)e |
| | 13415 | (\015ux)j(tub)s(e)e(\(or)h(ma)m(yb)s(e)f(colour)g(v)m(ortex)i(line\))d |
| | 13416 | (b)s(eing)h(stretc)m(hed)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)0 2690 y(the)43 |
| | 13417 | b(q)g(and)g(the)p 650 2637 V 43 w(q.)73 b(The)44 b(transv)m(erse)h |
| | 13418 | (dimensions)c(of)h(the)h(tub)s(e)g(are)g(of)f(t)m(ypical)g(hadronic)g |
| | 13419 | (sizes,)0 2798 y(roughly)36 b(1)g(fm.)55 b(If)37 b(the)g(tub)s(e)g(is)f |
| | 13420 | (assumed)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(uniform)e(along)g(its)h(length,)i(this)e |
| | 13421 | (automatically)0 2907 y(leads)24 b(to)h(a)f(con\014nemen)m(t)i(picture) |
| | 13422 | e(with)h(a)f(linearly)f(rising)g(p)s(oten)m(tial.)39 |
| | 13423 | b(In)25 b(order)g(to)f(obtain)f(a)i(Loren)m(tz)0 3015 |
| | 13424 | y(co)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)23 b(and)g(causal)g(description)g(of)g(the)h |
| | 13425 | (energy)g(\015o)m(w)g(due)g(to)f(this)g(linear)f(con\014nemen)m(t,)k |
| | 13426 | (the)e(most)0 3123 y(straigh)m(tforw)m(ard)45 b(w)m(a)m(y)h(is)e(to)h |
| | 13427 | (use)h(the)g(dynamics)e(of)h(the)g(massless)h(relativistic)c(string)j |
| | 13428 | (with)g(no)0 3232 y(transv)m(erse)32 b(degrees)g(of)e(freedom.)42 |
| | 13429 | b(The)31 b(mathematical,)c(one-dimensional)h(string)h(can)i(b)s(e)f |
| | 13430 | (though)m(t)0 3340 y(of)j(as)g(parametrizing)e(the)i(p)s(osition)f(of)h |
| | 13431 | (the)g(axis)g(of)g(a)g(cylindrically)d(symmetric)i(\015ux)i(tub)s(e.)46 |
| | 13432 | b(F)-8 b(rom)0 3448 y(hadron)40 b(sp)s(ectroscop)m(y)-8 |
| | 13433 | b(,)43 b(the)d(string)f(constan)m(t,)j(i.e.)65 b(the)40 |
| | 13434 | b(amoun)m(t)f(of)g(energy)h(p)s(er)g(unit)f(length,)i(is)0 |
| | 13435 | 3557 y(deduced)d(to)e(b)s(e)h Fj(\024)e Fn(\031)g Fw(1)h(GeV/fm.)54 |
| | 13436 | b(The)37 b(expression)h(`massless')f(relativistic)d(string)i(is)g |
| | 13437 | (somewhat)0 3665 y(of)c(a)g(misnomer:)42 b Fj(\024)33 |
| | 13438 | b Fw(e\013ectiv)m(ely)g(corresp)s(onds)h(to)e(a)h(`mass)f(densit)m(y')i |
| | 13439 | (along)d(the)i(string.)146 3774 y(Let)24 b(us)g(no)m(w)g(turn)g(to)f |
| | 13440 | (the)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(pro)s(cess.)42 b(As)24 b(the)g(q)g(and)p |
| | 13441 | 2643 3721 V 23 w(q)g(mo)m(v)m(e)g(apart,)h(the)f(p)s(oten)m(tial)0 |
| | 13442 | 3882 y(energy)41 b(stored)f(in)f(the)h(string)f(increases,)j(and)e(the) |
| | 13443 | g(string)f(ma)m(y)h(break)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(pro)s(duction)f(of)g(a)0 |
| | 13444 | 3990 y(new)31 b(q)249 3954 y Fk(0)p 273 3937 V 273 3990 |
| | 13445 | a Fw(q)325 3954 y Fk(0)378 3990 y Fw(pair,)f(so)h(that)f(the)g(system)i |
| | 13446 | (splits)d(in)m(to)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(colour-singlet)d(systems)k(q)p |
| | 13447 | 3060 3937 V(q)3112 3954 y Fk(0)3165 3990 y Fw(and)f(q)3404 |
| | 13448 | 3954 y Fk(0)p 3428 3937 V 3428 3990 a Fw(q.)43 b(If)30 |
| | 13449 | b(the)0 4099 y(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)33 b(mass)h(of)f(either)h(of)f |
| | 13450 | (these)j(string)d(pieces)i(is)e(large)g(enough,)i(further)f(breaks)h |
| | 13451 | (ma)m(y)f(o)s(ccur.)0 4207 y(In)j(the)h(Lund)g(string)e(mo)s(del,)h |
| | 13452 | (the)g(string)g(break-up)h(pro)s(cess)g(is)f(assumed)g(to)g(pro)s(ceed) |
| | 13453 | h(un)m(til)e(only)0 4315 y(on-mass-shell)31 b(hadrons)j(remain,)e(eac)m |
| | 13454 | (h)i(hadron)f(corresp)s(onding)g(to)g(a)g(small)d(piece)k(of)e(string)h |
| | 13455 | (with)0 4424 y(a)f(quark)i(in)d(one)i(end)h(and)e(an)h(an)m(tiquark)f |
| | 13456 | (in)g(the)h(other.)146 4532 y(In)28 b(order)f(to)g(generate)h(the)g |
| | 13457 | (quark{an)m(tiquark)g(pairs)f(q)2188 4496 y Fk(0)p 2211 |
| | 13458 | 4479 V 2211 4532 a Fw(q)2263 4496 y Fk(0)2313 4532 y |
| | 13459 | Fw(whic)m(h)h(lead)f(to)g(string)g(break-ups,)i(the)0 |
| | 13460 | 4640 y(Lund)34 b(mo)s(del)d(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)k(the)e(idea)g(of)f(quan)m |
| | 13461 | (tum)i(mec)m(hanical)d(tunnelling.)43 b(This)34 b(leads)f(to)f(a)h |
| | 13462 | (\015a)m(v)m(our-)0 4749 y(indep)s(enden)m(t)39 b(Gaussian)e(sp)s |
| | 13463 | (ectrum)g(for)g(the)h Fj(p)1788 4764 y Fk(?)1885 4749 |
| | 13464 | y Fw(of)f(q)2052 4712 y Fk(0)p 2076 4696 V 2076 4749 |
| | 13465 | a Fw(q)2127 4712 y Fk(0)2188 4749 y Fw(pairs.)57 b(Since)38 |
| | 13466 | b(the)g(string)f(is)g(assumed)h(to)0 4857 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32 |
| | 13467 | b(no)e(transv)m(erse)j(excitations,)d(this)g Fj(p)1569 |
| | 13468 | 4872 y Fk(?)1658 4857 y Fw(is)g(lo)s(cally)e(comp)s(ensated)j(b)s(et)m |
| | 13469 | (w)m(een)h(the)f(quark)h(and)e(the)0 4965 y(an)m(tiquark)36 |
| | 13470 | b(of)g(the)h(pair.)53 b(The)37 b(total)e Fj(p)1471 4980 |
| | 13471 | y Fk(?)1566 4965 y Fw(of)h(a)g(hadron)g(is)g(made)g(up)g(out)g(of)g |
| | 13472 | (the)h Fj(p)3123 4980 y Fk(?)3218 4965 y Fw(con)m(tributions)0 |
| | 13473 | 5074 y(from)31 b(the)j(quark)f(and)g(an)m(tiquark)g(that)f(together)h |
| | 13474 | (form)f(the)h(hadron.)44 b(Some)32 b(con)m(tribution)g(of)g(v)m(ery)0 |
| | 13475 | 5182 y(soft)h(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)f(gluon)g(emission)f(ma)m(y)i(also)e |
| | 13476 | (e\013ectiv)m(ely)i(b)s(e)g(included)f(in)g(this)g(description.)146 |
| | 13477 | 5290 y(The)d(tunnelling)d(picture)i(also)g(implies)d(a)j(suppression)h |
| | 13478 | (of)f(hea)m(vy-quark)i(pro)s(duction,)e(u)g(:)g(d)g(:)f(s)h(:)0 |
| | 13479 | 5399 y(c)h Fn(\031)g Fw(1)f(:)h(1)f(:)g(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(3)g(:)h(10)750 |
| | 13480 | 5363 y Fk(\000)p Fl(11)879 5399 y Fw(.)45 b(Charm)33 |
| | 13481 | b(and)g(hea)m(vier)g(quarks)h(hence)h(are)e(not)g(exp)s(ected)i(to)d(b) |
| | 13482 | s(e)i(pro)s(duced)0 5507 y(in)e(the)h(soft)f(fragmen)m(tation,)f(but)i |
| | 13483 | (only)f(in)g(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)h(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)g(branc)m(hings)g |
| | 13484 | (g)c Fn(!)e Fw(q)p 3574 5454 V(q)q(.)146 5615 y(When)40 |
| | 13485 | b(the)e(quark)h(and)g(an)m(tiquark)f(from)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(adjacen)m(t)g |
| | 13486 | (string)f(breakings)g(are)h(com)m(bined)f(to)1841 5953 |
| | 13487 | y(16)p eop |
| | 13488 | %%Page: 17 23 |
| | 13489 | 17 22 bop 0 -18 a Fw(form)45 b(a)g(meson,)k(it)c(is)h(necessary)i(to)d |
| | 13490 | (in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)i(an)f(algorithm)d(to)i(c)m(ho)s(ose)i(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 13491 | (een)h(the)e(di\013eren)m(t)0 90 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)38 b(p)s |
| | 13492 | (ossibilities,)g(notably)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(pseudoscalar)e(and)g(v)m |
| | 13493 | (ector)h(mesons.)64 b(Here)40 b(the)f(string)0 198 y(mo)s(del)25 |
| | 13494 | b(is)i(not)g(particularly)d(predictiv)m(e.)42 b(Qualitativ)m(ely)25 |
| | 13495 | b(one)i(exp)s(ects)i(a)d(1)i(:)g(3)e(ratio,)h(from)f(coun)m(ting)0 |
| | 13496 | 307 y(the)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(spin)h(states,)g(m)m(ultiplied)c |
| | 13497 | (b)m(y)34 b(some)e(w)m(a)m(v)m(e-function)i(normalization)29 |
| | 13498 | b(factor,)j(whic)m(h)0 415 y(should)g(disfa)m(v)m(our)h(hea)m(vier)g |
| | 13499 | (states.)146 523 y(A)h(tunnelling)d(mec)m(hanism)i(can)g(also)f(b)s(e)i |
| | 13500 | (used)g(to)f(explain)g(the)g(pro)s(duction)g(of)g(bary)m(ons.)46 |
| | 13501 | b(This)0 632 y(is)i(still)e(a)i(p)s(o)s(orly)f(understo)s(o)s(d)i |
| | 13502 | (area.)91 b(In)49 b(the)g(simplest)e(p)s(ossible)h(approac)m(h,)53 |
| | 13503 | b(a)48 b(diquark)h(in)f(a)0 740 y(colour)35 b(an)m(titriplet)e(state)k |
| | 13504 | (is)e(just)h(treated)g(lik)m(e)f(an)h(ordinary)f(an)m(tiquark,)i(suc)m |
| | 13505 | (h)g(that)f(a)f(string)g(can)0 848 y(break)24 b(either)g(b)m(y)g |
| | 13506 | (quark{an)m(tiquark)g(or)f(an)m(tidiquark{diquark)g(pair)g(pro)s |
| | 13507 | (duction.)40 b(A)23 b(more)g(complex)0 957 y(scenario)43 |
| | 13508 | b(is)f(the)i(`p)s(op)s(corn')f(one,)j(where)e(diquarks)f(as)h(suc)m(h)g |
| | 13509 | (do)f(not)g(exist,)j(but)d(rather)g(quark{)0 1065 y(an)m(tiquark)36 |
| | 13510 | b(pairs)g(are)g(pro)s(duced)h(one)f(after)g(the)g(other.)54 |
| | 13511 | b(This)37 b(latter)e(picture)h(giv)m(es)g(a)g(less)g(strong)0 |
| | 13512 | 1173 y(correlation)c(in)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(and)e(momen)m(tum)g(space)i |
| | 13513 | (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)g(bary)m(on)f(and)g(the)g(an)m(tibary)m(on)f |
| | 13514 | (of)h(a)0 1282 y(pair.)146 1390 y(In)d(general,)f(the)g(di\013eren)m(t) |
| | 13515 | g(string)g(breaks)h(are)f(causally)f(disconnected.)44 |
| | 13516 | b(This)30 b(means)g(that)g(it)f(is)0 1498 y(p)s(ossible)h(to)h(describ) |
| | 13517 | s(e)g(the)h(breaks)g(in)e(an)m(y)h(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)i(order,)e(e.g.) |
| | 13518 | 44 b(from)29 b(the)i(quark)h(end)g(in)m(w)m(ards.)0 1607 |
| | 13519 | y(One)i(therefore)h(is)f(led)f(to)h(write)g(do)m(wn)h(an)f(iterativ)m |
| | 13520 | (e)f(sc)m(heme)j(for)d(the)i(fragmen)m(tation,)d(as)j(follo)m(ws.)0 |
| | 13521 | 1715 y(Assume)c(an)g(initial)26 b(quark)32 b(q)f(mo)m(ving)e(out)h |
| | 13522 | (along)f(the)i(+)p Fj(z)k Fw(axis,)c(with)f(the)h(an)m(tiquark)g(going) |
| | 13523 | e(out)h(in)0 1823 y(the)e(opp)s(osite)e(direction.)41 |
| | 13524 | b(By)27 b(the)h(pro)s(duction)e(of)h(a)g(q)2021 1838 |
| | 13525 | y Fl(1)p 2061 1770 52 4 v 2061 1823 a Fw(q)2112 1847 |
| | 13526 | y Fl(1)2179 1823 y Fw(pair,)g(a)g(meson)g(q)p 2822 1770 |
| | 13527 | V(q)2874 1847 y Fl(1)2941 1823 y Fw(is)f(pro)s(duced,)j(lea)m(ving)0 |
| | 13528 | 1932 y(b)s(ehind)36 b(an)h(unpaired)f(quark)i(q)1208 |
| | 13529 | 1947 y Fl(1)1248 1932 y Fw(.)55 b(A)37 b(second)h(pair)d(q)2014 |
| | 13530 | 1947 y Fl(2)p 2054 1879 V 2054 1932 a Fw(q)2106 1955 |
| | 13531 | y Fl(2)2182 1932 y Fw(ma)m(y)h(no)m(w)h(b)s(e)g(pro)s(duced,)h(to)f |
| | 13532 | (giv)m(e)f(a)h(new)0 2040 y(meson)f(q)353 2055 y Fl(1)p |
| | 13533 | 393 1987 V 393 2040 a Fw(q)444 2064 y Fl(2)484 2040 y |
| | 13534 | Fw(,)g(etc.)54 b(A)m(t)36 b(eac)m(h)g(step)h(the)f(pro)s(duced)h |
| | 13535 | (hadron)e(tak)m(es)i(some)f(fraction)f(of)g(the)h(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 13536 | b(ailable)0 2148 y(energy)40 b(and)f(momen)m(tum.)61 |
| | 13537 | b(This)39 b(pro)s(cess)h(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(iterated)f(un)m(til)g(all)f |
| | 13538 | (energy)j(is)e(used)i(up,)h(with)0 2257 y(some)h(mo)s(di\014cations)d |
| | 13539 | (close)j(to)f(the)p 1410 2204 V 42 w(q)h(end)h(of)e(the)h(string)f(in)g |
| | 13540 | (order)h(to)g(mak)m(e)f(total)g(energy)h(and)0 2365 y(momen)m(tum)31 |
| | 13541 | b(come)h(out)h(righ)m(t.)146 2473 y(The)43 b(c)m(hoice)f(of)f(starting) |
| | 13542 | g(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(from)h(the)h(quark)g(end)h(is)e(arbitrary)-8 |
| | 13543 | b(,)43 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)0 2582 y(A)c(fragmen)m(tation)e(pro)s(cess)k |
| | 13544 | (describ)s(ed)f(in)e(terms)h(of)g(starting)f(at)h(the)p |
| | 13545 | 2719 2529 V 40 w(q)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(system)h(and)0 |
| | 13546 | 2690 y(fragmen)m(ting)22 b(to)m(w)m(ards)j(the)f(q)h(end)f(should)g(b)s |
| | 13547 | (e)g(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t.)40 b(This)24 b(`left{righ)m(t')e(symmetry)i |
| | 13548 | (constrains)0 2798 y(the)48 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(shap)s(e)g(of)g(the)g |
| | 13549 | (fragmen)m(tation)e(function)i Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t |
| | 13550 | Fw(\),)52 b(where)d Fj(z)k Fw(is)47 b(the)i(fraction)e(of)g(the)0 |
| | 13551 | 2907 y(remaining)d(ligh)m(t-cone)h(momen)m(tum)g Fj(E)38 |
| | 13552 | b Fn(\006)32 b Fj(p)1724 2922 y Fh(z)1810 2907 y Fw(\(+)46 |
| | 13553 | b(for)g(the)g(q)h(jet,)j Fn(\000)d Fw(for)f(the)p 3069 |
| | 13554 | 2854 V 47 w(q)h(one\))f(tak)m(en)i(b)m(y)0 3015 y(eac)m(h)38 |
| | 13555 | b(new)g(particle.)56 b(The)38 b(resulting)e(`Lund)i(symmetric)e |
| | 13556 | (fragmen)m(tation)f(function')i(has)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(free)0 |
| | 13557 | 3123 y(parameters,)33 b(whic)m(h)g(are)f(determined)h(from)e(data.)146 |
| | 13558 | 3232 y(If)39 b(sev)m(eral)h(partons)f(are)g(mo)m(ving)f(apart)h(from)f |
| | 13559 | (a)g(common)g(origin,)h(the)g(details)f(of)h(the)g(string)0 |
| | 13560 | 3340 y(dra)m(wing)k(b)s(ecome)h(more)f(complicated.)76 |
| | 13561 | b(F)-8 b(or)43 b(a)g(q)p 1941 3287 V(q)q(g)i(ev)m(en)m(t,)k(a)43 |
| | 13562 | b(string)g(is)h(stretc)m(hed)h(from)e(the)h(q)0 3448 |
| | 13563 | y(end)c(via)f(the)h(g)g(to)f(the)p 923 3396 V 40 w(q)h(end,)h(i.e.)64 |
| | 13564 | b(the)40 b(gluon)e(is)h(a)g(kink)g(on)h(the)g(string,)g(carrying)f |
| | 13565 | (energy)h(and)0 3557 y(momen)m(tum.)i(As)31 b(a)g(consequence,)j(the)e |
| | 13566 | (gluon)e(has)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(string)f(pieces)h(attac)m(hed,)g(and)f(the)g |
| | 13567 | (ratio)f(of)0 3665 y(gluon)e(to)g(quark)h(string)f(force)h(is)f(2,)h(a) |
| | 13568 | g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(whic)m(h)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(compared)f(with)g(the)h |
| | 13569 | (ratio)e(of)h(colour)0 3774 y(c)m(harge)38 b(Casimir)d(op)s(erators,)j |
| | 13570 | Fj(N)1221 3789 y Fh(C)1280 3774 y Fj(=C)1399 3789 y Fh(F)1493 |
| | 13571 | 3774 y Fw(=)d(2)p Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)25 b Fn(\000)h Fw(1)p |
| | 13572 | Fj(=)-5 b(N)2098 3737 y Fl(2)2088 3798 y Fh(C)2146 3774 |
| | 13573 | y Fw(\))35 b(=)h(9)p Fj(=)p Fw(4.)56 b(In)38 b(this,)g(as)f(in)f(other) |
| | 13574 | i(resp)s(ects,)0 3882 y(the)j(string)g(mo)s(del)e(can)i(b)s(e)g(view)m |
| | 13575 | (ed)h(as)f(a)g(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)40 b(of)g(QCD)h(where)h(the)f(n)m(um)m |
| | 13576 | (b)s(er)g(of)g(colours)f Fj(N)3720 3897 y Fh(C)0 3990 |
| | 13577 | y Fw(is)e(not)g(3)g(but)g(in\014nite.)60 b(Note)38 b(that)g(the)h |
| | 13578 | (factor)e(2)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(do)s(es)g(not)f(dep)s(end)h(on)f(the)h |
| | 13579 | (kinematical)0 4099 y(con\014guration:)69 b(a)46 b(smaller)e(op)s |
| | 13580 | (ening)h(angle)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(t)m(w)m(o)e(partons)g(corresp)s |
| | 13581 | (onds)h(to)f(a)f(smaller)0 4207 y(string)31 b(length)g(dra)m(wn)i(out)f |
| | 13582 | (p)s(er)g(unit)f(time,)g(but)h(also)e(to)i(an)g(increased)g(transv)m |
| | 13583 | (erse)i(v)m(elo)s(cit)m(y)e(of)f(the)0 4315 y(string)i(piece,)h(whic)m |
| | 13584 | (h)g(giv)m(es)g(an)g(exactly)g(comp)s(ensating)e(b)s(o)s(ost)h(factor)g |
| | 13585 | (in)g(the)h(energy)h(densit)m(y)f(p)s(er)0 4424 y(unit)e(string)g |
| | 13586 | (length.)146 4532 y(The)g(q)p 396 4479 V(q)q(g)g(string)e(will)f |
| | 13587 | (fragmen)m(t)h(along)g(its)g(length.)42 b(T)-8 b(o)31 |
| | 13588 | b(\014rst)h(appro)m(ximation)c(this)j(means)g(that)0 |
| | 13589 | 4640 y(there)38 b(is)f(one)h(fragmen)m(ting)d(string)i(piece)h(b)s(et)m |
| | 13590 | (w)m(een)h(q)f(and)f(g)i(and)e(a)g(second)i(one)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(g) |
| | 13591 | f(and)p 0 4696 V 0 4749 a(q.)82 b(One)45 b(hadron)g(is)g(straddling)f |
| | 13592 | (b)s(oth)g(string)h(pieces,)k(i.e.)81 b(sitting)43 b(around)i(the)h |
| | 13593 | (gluon)e(corner.)0 4857 y(The)c(rest)h(of)e(the)h(particles)e(are)i |
| | 13594 | (pro)s(duced)g(as)g(in)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(simple)e(q)p 2498 |
| | 13595 | 4804 V(q)i(strings,)h(but)f(strings)f(b)s(o)s(osted)0 |
| | 13596 | 4965 y(with)j(resp)s(ect)i(to)f(the)g(o)m(v)m(erall)e(c.m.)74 |
| | 13597 | b(frame.)f(When)43 b(considered)h(in)e(detail,)h(the)g(string)f(motion) |
| | 13598 | 0 5074 y(and)33 b(fragmen)m(tation)d(is)j(more)e(complicated,)h(with)g |
| | 13599 | (the)h(app)s(earance)g(of)f(additional)e(string)i(regions)0 |
| | 13600 | 5182 y(during)k(the)i(time)d(ev)m(olution)h(of)h(the)g(system.)58 |
| | 13601 | b(These)39 b(corrections)e(are)g(esp)s(ecially)f(imp)s(ortan)m(t)f(for) |
| | 13602 | 0 5290 y(soft)k(and)h(collinear)d(gluons,)j(since)g(they)g(pro)m(vide)g |
| | 13603 | (a)f(smo)s(oth)f(transition)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(ev)m(en)m(ts)f(where)0 |
| | 13604 | 5399 y(suc)m(h)29 b(radiation)d(to)s(ok)i(place)g(and)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i |
| | 13605 | (where)f(it)e(did)h(not.)41 b(Therefore)30 b(the)e(string)f(fragmen)m |
| | 13606 | (tation)0 5507 y(sc)m(heme)34 b(is)e(`infrared)g(safe')h(with)f(resp)s |
| | 13607 | (ect)i(to)e(soft)h(or)f(collinear)e(gluon)i(emission.)146 |
| | 13608 | 5615 y(F)-8 b(or)42 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(that)d(in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)h(man)m(y) |
| | 13609 | g(partons,)i(there)e(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(sev)m(eral)i(p)s(ossible)e(top)s |
| | 13610 | (ologies)e(for)1841 5953 y(17)p eop |
| | 13611 | %%Page: 18 24 |
| | 13612 | 18 23 bop 0 -18 a Fw(their)27 b(ordering)g(along)g(the)h(string.)42 |
| | 13613 | b(An)28 b(example)f(w)m(ould)h(b)s(e)g(a)g(q)p 2409 -71 |
| | 13614 | 52 4 v(q)q(g)2510 -3 y Fl(1)2549 -18 y Fw(g)2598 -3 y |
| | 13615 | Fl(2)2665 -18 y Fw(\(the)g(gluon)f(indices)h(are)g(here)0 |
| | 13616 | 90 y(used)39 b(to)e(lab)s(el)e(t)m(w)m(o)k(di\013eren)m(t)e |
| | 13617 | (gluon-momen)m(tum)e(v)m(ectors\),)40 b(where)f(the)f(string)f(can)g |
| | 13618 | (connect)i(the)0 198 y(partons)28 b(in)g(either)g(of)g(the)g(sequences) |
| | 13619 | k(q)13 b Fn(\000)g Fw(g)1642 213 y Fl(1)1696 198 y Fn(\000)g |
| | 13620 | Fw(g)1835 213 y Fl(2)1888 198 y Fn(\000)p 1978 145 V |
| | 13621 | 13 w Fw(q)29 b(and)g(q)13 b Fn(\000)g Fw(g)2447 213 y |
| | 13622 | Fl(2)2501 198 y Fn(\000)g Fw(g)2640 213 y Fl(1)2693 198 |
| | 13623 | y Fn(\000)p 2783 145 V 13 w Fw(q)q(.)42 b(The)29 b(matrix)e(elemen)m |
| | 13624 | (ts)0 307 y(that)36 b(are)h(calculable)e(in)h(p)s(erturbation)g(theory) |
| | 13625 | h(con)m(tain)f(in)m(terference)i(terms)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(these)f(t)m |
| | 13626 | (w)m(o)0 415 y(p)s(ossibilities,)25 b(whic)m(h)i(means)g(that)f(the)h |
| | 13627 | (colour)f(\015o)m(w)h(is)g(not)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(w)m(ell-de\014ned.)42 |
| | 13628 | b(F)-8 b(ortunately)g(,)27 b(the)0 523 y(in)m(terference)k(terms)f(are) |
| | 13629 | f(do)m(wn)i(in)e(magnitude)f(b)m(y)j(a)f(factor)f(1)p |
| | 13630 | Fj(=)-5 b(N)2465 487 y Fl(2)2455 548 y Fh(C)2513 523 |
| | 13631 | y Fw(,)31 b(where)g Fj(N)2928 538 y Fh(C)3015 523 y Fw(=)c(3)j(is)f |
| | 13632 | (the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)0 632 y(of)38 b(colours,)h(so)f(appro)m(ximate)f |
| | 13633 | (recip)s(es)h(can)h(b)s(e)f(found.)60 b(In)38 b(the)h(leading)d(log)h |
| | 13634 | (sho)m(w)m(er)j(description,)0 740 y(on)31 b(the)g(other)f(hand,)i(the) |
| | 13635 | f(rules)g(for)f(the)h(colour)f(\015o)m(w)h(are)f(w)m(ell-de\014ned.)44 |
| | 13636 | b(A)30 b(\014nal)g(commen)m(t:)42 b(in)30 b(the)0 848 |
| | 13637 | y(argumen)m(tation)37 b(for)i(the)g(imp)s(ortance)e(of)h(colour)g |
| | 13638 | (\015o)m(ws)i(there)g(is)e(a)g(tacit)g(assumption)g(that)h(soft-)0 |
| | 13639 | 957 y(gluon)21 b(exc)m(hanges)k(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(partons)f(will)d |
| | 13640 | (not)i(normally)e(mess)j(up)f(the)h(original)c(colour)j(assignmen)m(t;) |
| | 13641 | 0 1065 y(this)32 b(is)g(lik)m(ely)g(the)h(case)g(but)g(has)g(not)f(b)s |
| | 13642 | (een)i(pro)m(v)m(en.)0 1339 y Fp(2.5)135 b(Deca)l(ys)0 |
| | 13643 | 1512 y Fw(A)27 b(large)e(fraction)g(of)h(the)h(particles)f(pro)s(duced) |
| | 13644 | h(b)m(y)h(fragmen)m(tation)c(are)j(unstable)f(and)h(subsequen)m(tly)0 |
| | 13645 | 1620 y(deca)m(y)36 b(in)m(to)e(the)h(observ)-5 b(able)34 |
| | 13646 | b(stable)h(\(or)f(almost)f(stable\))h(ones.)50 b(It)35 |
| | 13647 | b(is)f(therefore)h(imp)s(ortan)m(t)e(to)h(in-)0 1728 |
| | 13648 | y(clude)k(all)d(particles)i(with)h(their)f(prop)s(er)h(mass)f |
| | 13649 | (distributions)g(and)g(deca)m(y)i(prop)s(erties.)59 b(Although)0 |
| | 13650 | 1837 y(in)m(v)m(olving)43 b(little)f(deep)j(ph)m(ysics,)k(this)44 |
| | 13651 | b(is)f(less)i(trivial)d(than)i(it)f(ma)m(y)h(sound:)68 |
| | 13652 | b(while)43 b(a)h(lot)f(of)h(ex-)0 1945 y(p)s(erimen)m(tal)36 |
| | 13653 | b(information)g(is)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)38 b(there)h(is)e(also)h(v)m |
| | 13654 | (ery)i(m)m(uc)m(h)e(that)g(is)g(missing.)59 b(F)-8 b(or)38 |
| | 13655 | b(c)m(harm)0 2053 y(mesons,)44 b(it)c(is)g(necessary)j(to)e(put)g |
| | 13656 | (together)h(measured)f(exclusiv)m(e)h(branc)m(hing)f(ratios)f(with)h |
| | 13657 | (some)0 2162 y(inclusiv)m(e)33 b(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)e(distributions)h |
| | 13658 | (to)i(obtain)f(a)g(consisten)m(t)i(and)f(reasonably)g(complete)f(set)i |
| | 13659 | (of)0 2270 y(deca)m(y)26 b(c)m(hannels,)i(a)d(rather)g(delicate)f |
| | 13660 | (task.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)24 b(b)s(ottom,)h(so)g(far)g(only)f(a)h(rather)g |
| | 13661 | (simple)f(phase-space)0 2378 y(t)m(yp)s(e)33 b(of)g(generator)f(has)h |
| | 13662 | (b)s(een)g(used)h(for)e(hadronic)g(deca)m(ys.)146 2487 |
| | 13663 | y(Normally)d(it)h(is)h(assumed)h(that)f(deca)m(y)i(pro)s(ducts)f(are)f |
| | 13664 | (distributed)g(according)g(to)g(phase)h(space,)0 2595 |
| | 13665 | y(i.e.)56 b(that)36 b(there)i(is)e(no)h(dynamics)g(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed)g |
| | 13666 | (in)f(their)h(relativ)m(e)f(distribution.)54 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)40 |
| | 13667 | b(in)c(man)m(y)0 2703 y(cases)44 b(additional)c(assumptions)j(are)g |
| | 13668 | (necessary)-8 b(,)47 b(e.g.)75 b(for)42 b(semileptonic)f(deca)m(ys)j |
| | 13669 | (of)f(c)m(harm)f(and)0 2812 y(b)s(ottom)d(hadrons)i(one)g(needs)g(to)g |
| | 13670 | (include)e(the)i(prop)s(er)g(w)m(eak)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts.)68 |
| | 13671 | b(P)m(articles)40 b(ma)m(y)0 2920 y(also)21 b(b)s(e)i(pro)s(duced)g(p)s |
| | 13672 | (olarized)d(and)j(impart)d(a)i(non-isotropic)e(distribution)h(to)g |
| | 13673 | (their)h(deca)m(y)i(pro)s(ducts.)0 3028 y(Man)m(y)38 |
| | 13674 | b(of)d(these)j(e\013ects)g(are)e(not)h(at)f(all)e(treated)j(in)f(the)h |
| | 13675 | (program.)53 b(In)37 b(fact,)g(spin)g(information)c(is)0 |
| | 13676 | 3137 y(not)f(at)h(all)d(carried)i(along,)g(but)g(has)h(to)g(b)s(e)f |
| | 13677 | (reconstructed)j(explicitly)c(when)i(needed.)146 3245 |
| | 13678 | y(The)26 b(normal)d(deca)m(y)j(treatmen)m(t)f(is)f(handled)h(b)m(y)i |
| | 13679 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)e(making)e(use)j(of)e(a)h(set)g(of)g(tables)f(where)0 |
| | 13680 | 3353 y(branc)m(hing)43 b(ratios)e(and)i(deca)m(y)h(mo)s(des)f(are)f |
| | 13681 | (stored.)75 b(In)43 b Fm(Pythia)g Fw(a)f(separate)h(deca)m(y)i |
| | 13682 | (treatmen)m(t)0 3462 y(exists,)34 b(used)g(exclusiv)m(ely)g(for)e(a)h |
| | 13683 | (sp)s(eci\014c)h(list)d(of)i(particles:)44 b(Z)2345 3426 |
| | 13684 | y Fl(0)2384 3462 y Fw(,)33 b(W)2545 3426 y Fk(\006)2604 |
| | 13685 | 3462 y Fw(,)h(H)2738 3426 y Fl(0)2777 3462 y Fw(,)f(Z)2897 |
| | 13686 | 3426 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2956 3462 y Fw(,)g(W)3117 3426 y Fk(0\006)3195 |
| | 13687 | 3462 y Fw(,)h(H)3329 3426 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)3387 3462 y Fw(,)g(A)3521 |
| | 13688 | 3426 y Fl(0)3560 3462 y Fw(,)f(H)3693 3426 y Fk(\006)3752 |
| | 13689 | 3462 y Fw(,)0 3570 y Fj(\021)52 3534 y Fl(0)48 3595 y(tec)n(h)180 |
| | 13690 | 3570 y Fw(,)g(R)312 3534 y Fl(0)352 3570 y Fw(,)g(q)463 |
| | 13691 | 3534 y Fk(\003)503 3570 y Fw(,)h Fj(`)605 3534 y Fk(\003)644 |
| | 13692 | 3570 y Fw(,)g(and)f(the)h(lepto)s(quark)f(L)1616 3585 |
| | 13693 | y Fl(Q)1675 3570 y Fw(.)46 b(T)-8 b(ogether)34 b(w)m(e)h(call)c(these)k |
| | 13694 | (resonances,)g(and)f(con)m(trast)0 3678 y(the)g(`particle)f(deca)m(y')j |
| | 13695 | (treatmen)m(t)d(of)41 b Fm(Jetset)33 b Fw(with)g(the)i(`resonance)g |
| | 13696 | (deca)m(y')g(one)g(of)40 b Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)48 b(Of)0 |
| | 13697 | 3787 y(course,)41 b(this)d(is)g(just)h(a)f(matter)f(of)h(terminology:) |
| | 13698 | 53 b(a)38 b(particle)f(lik)m(e)h(the)h Fj(\032)g Fw(could)e(also)h(b)s |
| | 13699 | (e)h(called)e(a)0 3895 y(resonance.)42 b(What)25 b(c)m(haracterizes)g |
| | 13700 | (a)f(\()p Fm(Pythia)p Fw(\))h(resonance)h(is)e(that)g(partial)e(widths) |
| | 13701 | j(and)g(branc)m(hing)0 4003 y(ratios)h(are)i(calculated)e(dynamically) |
| | 13702 | -8 b(,)26 b(as)i(a)f(function)g(of)g(the)h(actual)e(mass)i(of)f(a)g |
| | 13703 | (particle.)40 b(Therefore)0 4112 y(not)e(only)g(do)h(branc)m(hing)f |
| | 13704 | (ratios)f(c)m(hange)j(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(an)e(H)2201 |
| | 13705 | 4076 y Fl(0)2279 4112 y Fw(of)g(nominal)e(mass)j(100)e(GeV)i(and)f(one) |
| | 13706 | 0 4220 y(of)e(200)g(GeV,)g(but)h(also)f(for)g(a)g(Higgs)g(of)g(nominal) |
| | 13707 | e(mass)i(200)g(GeV,)h(the)g(branc)m(hing)f(ratios)g(w)m(ould)0 |
| | 13708 | 4328 y(c)m(hange)26 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(an)e(actual)f(mass)h(of)g(190) |
| | 13709 | f(GeV)h(and)g(210)g(GeV,)g(sa)m(y)-8 b(.)42 b(This)25 |
| | 13710 | b(is)g(particularly)e(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)0 4437 y(for)37 |
| | 13711 | b(reasonably)g(broad)g(resonances,)j(and)e(in)e(threshold)h(regions.)57 |
| | 13712 | b(F)-8 b(or)37 b(an)g(approac)m(h)g(lik)m(e)g(this)g(to)0 |
| | 13713 | 4545 y(w)m(ork,)53 b(it)48 b(is)g(clearly)f(necessary)k(to)d(ha)m(v)m |
| | 13714 | (e)i(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)e(expressions)j(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)46 |
| | 13715 | b(for)h(all)g(partial)0 4653 y(widths,)31 b(whic)m(h)f(is)f(one)h |
| | 13716 | (reason)g(wh)m(y)h(a)e(corresp)s(onding)h(treatmen)m(t)f(w)m(ould)h |
| | 13717 | (not)f(b)s(e)h(the)g(same)f(for)h(an)0 4762 y(ordinary)i(hadronic)g |
| | 13718 | (resonance,)i(lik)m(e)e(the)h Fj(\032)p Fw(.)146 4870 |
| | 13719 | y(The)49 b(deca)m(y)f(pro)s(ducts)g(of)54 b Fm(Pythia)47 |
| | 13720 | b Fw(resonances)j(are)d(t)m(ypically)f(quarks,)52 b(leptons,)f(or)c |
| | 13721 | (other)0 4979 y(resonances,)e(e.g.)69 b(W)44 b Fn(!)e |
| | 13722 | Fw(q)p 1073 4926 V(q)1125 4942 y Fk(0)1189 4979 y Fw(or)f(H)1390 |
| | 13723 | 4942 y Fl(0)1472 4979 y Fn(!)g Fw(W)1714 4942 y Fl(+)1774 |
| | 13724 | 4979 y Fw(W)1875 4942 y Fk(\000)1935 4979 y Fw(.)69 b(In)41 |
| | 13725 | b(deca)m(ys)i(to)e(quarks,)j(parton)d(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(are)0 |
| | 13726 | 5087 y(automatically)34 b(added)j(to)g(giv)m(e)g(a)g(more)f(realistic)g |
| | 13727 | (m)m(ultijet)f(structure,)k(and)f(one)f(ma)m(y)g(also)f(allo)m(w)0 |
| | 13728 | 5195 y(photon)c(emission)f(o\013)h(leptons.)43 b(If)33 |
| | 13729 | b(the)f(deca)m(y)i(pro)s(ducts)f(in)e(turn)i(are)f(resonances,)i |
| | 13730 | (further)f(deca)m(ys)0 5304 y(are)41 b(necessary)-8 b(.)70 |
| | 13731 | b(Often)41 b(spin)g(information)d(is)i(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)38 |
| | 13732 | b(in)i(resonance)j(deca)m(y)f(matrix)d(elemen)m(ts,)0 |
| | 13733 | 5412 y(con)m(trary)48 b(to)f(the)h(normal)e(state)i(of)f(a\013airs)f |
| | 13734 | (in)h(ordinary)g(particle)f(deca)m(ys.)90 b(This)48 b(means)g(that)0 |
| | 13735 | 5520 y(the)g(angular)f(orien)m(tations)g(in)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(deca)m |
| | 13736 | (ys)h(of)d(a)h(W)2262 5484 y Fl(+)2322 5520 y Fw(W)2423 |
| | 13737 | 5484 y Fk(\000)2530 5520 y Fw(pair)f(are)h(prop)s(erly)g(correlated.)0 |
| | 13738 | 5629 y(Occasionally)-8 b(,)31 b(the)i(information)c(is)j(not)h(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 13739 | b(ailable,)30 b(and)j(then)g(resonances)h(deca)m(y)g(isotropically)-8 |
| | 13740 | b(.)1841 5953 y(18)p eop |
| | 13741 | %%Page: 19 25 |
| | 13742 | 19 24 bop 146 -18 a Fw(The)25 b(top)f(quark)h(is)f(a)g(sp)s(ecial)f |
| | 13743 | (problem.)40 b(The)25 b(original)c(mac)m(hinery)j(is)f(based)i(on)g |
| | 13744 | (the)f(assumption)0 90 y(that)f(the)g(t)f(is)h(long-liv)m(ed,)f(so)h |
| | 13745 | (that)g(top)f(hadrons)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(time)d(to)i(form)e(in)h(the)h |
| | 13746 | (fragmen)m(tation)e(pro)s(cess,)0 198 y(and)37 b(afterw)m(ards)h(these) |
| | 13747 | g(mesons)f(deca)m(y)h(w)m(eakly)-8 b(.)57 b(With)36 b(curren)m(t)i(`b)s |
| | 13748 | (est)g(b)s(et')f(mass)g(v)-5 b(alues,)37 b(this)g(is)0 |
| | 13749 | 307 y(not)e(correct,)h(but)g(one)f(should)g(rather)g(consider)h(top)f |
| | 13750 | (deca)m(y)h(b)s(efore)f(fragmen)m(tation.)49 b(T)-8 b(op)36 |
| | 13751 | b(should)0 415 y(then)i(b)s(e)f(handled)g(lik)m(e)g(one)g(of)g(the)g |
| | 13752 | (ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(resonances.)59 b(Therefore)38 b(the)g(program)e(no)m |
| | 13753 | (w)h(con)m(tains)0 523 y(an)32 b(alternativ)m(e)g(along)f(these)j |
| | 13754 | (lines,)e(whic)m(h)h(is)f(the)h(preferred)h(option.)1841 |
| | 13755 | 5953 y(19)p eop |
| | 13756 | %%Page: 20 26 |
| | 13757 | 20 25 bop 0 -18 a Ft(3)161 b(Program)53 b(Ov)l(erview)0 |
| | 13758 | 189 y Fw(This)40 b(section)h(con)m(tains)f(a)g(div)m(erse)i(collection) |
| | 13759 | c(of)i(information.)63 b(The)41 b(\014rst)g(part)f(is)g(an)g(o)m(v)m |
| | 13760 | (erview)0 297 y(of)34 b(previous)h Fm(Jetset)f Fw(and)h |
| | 13761 | Fm(Pythia)g Fw(v)m(ersions.)51 b(The)35 b(second)h(giv)m(es)g |
| | 13762 | (instructions)e(for)g(installation)0 405 y(of)f(the)h(programs)f(and)h |
| | 13763 | (describ)s(es)h(their)e(philosoph)m(y:)45 b(ho)m(w)35 |
| | 13764 | b(they)f(are)g(constructed)h(and)f(ho)m(w)h(they)0 514 |
| | 13765 | y(are)f(supp)s(osed)h(to)f(b)s(e)g(used.)49 b(It)34 b(also)f(con)m |
| | 13766 | (tains)h(some)f(information)e(on)j(ho)m(w)h(to)e(read)h(this)g(man)m |
| | 13767 | (ual.)0 622 y(The)39 b(third)e(and)h(\014nal)e(part)i(con)m(tains)g |
| | 13768 | (sev)m(eral)g(examples)g(of)f(pieces)i(of)e(co)s(de)h(or)f(short)h |
| | 13769 | (programs,)0 730 y(to)e(illustrate)f(the)i(general)g(st)m(yle)g(of)f |
| | 13770 | (program)g(usage.)57 b(The)37 b(last)f(part)h(is)f(mainly)f(in)m |
| | 13771 | (tended)j(as)f(an)0 839 y(in)m(tro)s(duction)31 b(for)h(completely)g |
| | 13772 | (new)h(users,)h(and)f(can)g(b)s(e)g(skipp)s(ed)g(b)m(y)g(more)f(exp)s |
| | 13773 | (erienced)i(ones.)146 947 y(Since)48 b(the)f Fm(Jetset)g |
| | 13774 | Fw(and)g Fm(Pythia)g Fw(programs)g(to)s(da)m(y)g(are)g(so)h(closely)e |
| | 13775 | (connected,)53 b(and)47 b(are)0 1055 y(gradually)22 b(coalescing,)j |
| | 13776 | (they)g(are)f(presen)m(ted)i(together)e(in)f(this)h(rep)s(ort.)40 |
| | 13777 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)28 b(they)d(still)d(app)s(ear)0 1164 |
| | 13778 | y(as)33 b(separate)g(en)m(tities,)f(with)h(sligh)m(tly)e(di\013eren)m |
| | 13779 | (t)h(st)m(yle)i(and)e(emphasis.)146 1272 y Fm(Jetset)42 |
| | 13780 | b Fw(is)g(the)h(older)f(of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o,)j(and)d(is)f(at)h(the)g |
| | 13781 | (origin)d(of)j(the)g(whole)f(`Lund')i(family)c(of)0 1380 |
| | 13782 | y(ev)m(en)m(t)d(generators.)52 b(It)35 b(can)g(b)s(e)h(sub)s(divided)f |
| | 13783 | (in)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(parts.)52 b(The)36 b(larger)e(is)g(a)h(generic)g(pac) |
| | 13784 | m(k)-5 b(age)36 b(for)0 1489 y(jet)27 b(fragmen)m(tation,)f(particle)f |
| | 13785 | (deca)m(ys,)30 b(\014nal-state)c(parton)h(sho)m(w)m(ers,)j(ev)m(en)m |
| | 13786 | (t-analysis)d(routines,)h(and)0 1597 y(other)h(utitilies.)40 |
| | 13787 | b(This)29 b(pac)m(k)-5 b(age)29 b(can)g(b)s(e)g(used)h(in)e(the)i(con)m |
| | 13788 | (text)g(of)e(an)m(y)i(hard)f(pro)s(cess,)i(pro)m(vided)e(one)0 |
| | 13789 | 1705 y(is)e(willing)e(to)j(buy)g(the)h(underlying)e(assumption)g(of)h |
| | 13790 | (jet)g(univ)m(ersalit)m(y)-8 b(,)28 b(i.e.)41 b(that)28 |
| | 13791 | b(the)g(fragmen)m(tation)0 1814 y(pro)s(cess)k(is)e(fundamen)m(tally)f |
| | 13792 | (the)i(same)f(whether)i(one)f(is)f(considering)g(an)h(e)2812 |
| | 13793 | 1778 y Fl(+)2871 1814 y Fw(e)2914 1778 y Fk(\000)3004 |
| | 13794 | 1814 y Fw(or)f(a)h(pp)f(ev)m(en)m(t,)j(and)0 1922 y(that)26 |
| | 13795 | b(the)g(only)g(di\013erences)h(are)f(to)g(b)s(e)g(found)g(in)f(the)i |
| | 13796 | (parton-lev)m(el)e(pro)s(cesses)j(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed.)42 |
| | 13797 | b(This)26 b(pac)m(k-)0 2030 y(age)33 b(is)f(not)h(only)f(used)i(b)m(y)f |
| | 13798 | (all)e(other)i(`Lund')g(programs,)f(but)i(also)d(b)m(y)j(n)m(umerous)f |
| | 13799 | (other)g(programs)0 2139 y(written)j(to)f(study)j(sp)s(eci\014c)e(pro)s |
| | 13800 | (cesses.)56 b(The)37 b(smaller)d(part)i(of)42 b Fm(Jetset)35 |
| | 13801 | b Fw(is)h(a)f(generator)h(for)g(e)3618 2103 y Fl(+)3677 |
| | 13802 | 2139 y Fw(e)3720 2103 y Fk(\000)0 2247 y Fw(annihilation)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 13803 | (ts,)44 b(according)39 b(to)g(either)g(a)g(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)i(or)e |
| | 13804 | (a)h(matrix-elemen)m(t)d(approac)m(h.)0 2355 y(The)d |
| | 13805 | Fm(Jetset)d Fw(program)g(is)h(completely)g(selfcon)m(tained.)146 |
| | 13806 | 2464 y Fm(Pythia)40 b Fw(is)f(a)g(program)f(made)h(to)g(generate)h |
| | 13807 | (hard)f(or)g(soft)h(pro)s(cesses)h(in)e(collisions)d(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)0 |
| | 13808 | 2572 y(leptons,)29 b(hadrons)f(and)g(photons,)h(esp)s(ecially)d(at)i(e) |
| | 13809 | 1893 2536 y Fl(+)1952 2572 y Fw(e)1995 2536 y Fk(\000)2055 |
| | 13810 | 2572 y Fw(,)g(ep)g(and)g(pp)g(colliders.)40 b(Where)29 |
| | 13811 | b Fm(Jetset)e Fw(is)g(a)0 2680 y(lo)s(ose)h(collection)e(of)i(routines) |
| | 13812 | g(that)g(y)m(ou)i(can)e(com)m(bine)g(as)h(desired,)h |
| | 13813 | Fm(Pythia)e Fw(is)g(a)g(more)g(structured)0 2789 y(program,)k(where)i |
| | 13814 | (y)m(ou)g(initially)29 b(set)34 b(up)f(what)h(pro)s(cesses)h(y)m(ou)f |
| | 13815 | (w)m(an)m(t)g(to)e(study)-8 b(,)35 b(and)e(thereafter)h(all)0 |
| | 13816 | 2897 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(will)33 b(b)s(e)j(generated)h(according)e(to)g |
| | 13817 | (this)g(sp)s(eci\014cation.)52 b(Included)37 b(is)e(an)g(extensiv)m(e)j |
| | 13818 | (library)0 3005 y(of)c(hard)h(subpro)s(cess)i(di\013eren)m(tial)32 |
| | 13819 | b(cross)k(sections,)g(a)e(library)f(of)i(parton)f(distributions,)g(a)g |
| | 13820 | (pro)s(cess)0 3114 y(generation)i(mac)m(hinery)-8 b(,)38 |
| | 13821 | b(treatmen)m(t)f(of)f(initial-state)d(sho)m(w)m(ers)39 |
| | 13822 | b(and)e(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(ts,)i(and)f(a)g(few)0 3222 |
| | 13823 | y(o)s(dds)e(and)g(ends.)51 b Fm(Jetset)34 b Fw(is)g(used)i(for)e |
| | 13824 | (\014nal-state)g(sho)m(w)m(ers,)j(fragmen)m(tation)c(and)i(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 13825 | b(,)37 b(but)e(no)0 3330 y(other)e(external)g(libraries)d(are)j |
| | 13826 | (needed.)45 b(An)33 b(in)m(terface)g(to)f(external)h |
| | 13827 | (parton-distribution)d(function)0 3439 y(libraries)g(is)j(pro)m(vided,) |
| | 13828 | g(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)146 3547 y(Man)m(y)48 b(programs)d(written)h(b)m(y) |
| | 13829 | h(other)g(p)s(ersons)g(mak)m(e)g(use)g(of)53 b Fm(Jetset)p |
| | 13830 | Fw(,)48 b(and)f(a)f(few)h(also)e(of)0 3655 y Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 13831 | Fw(.)d(It)27 b(is)g(not)h(m)m(y)f(in)m(ten)m(tion)g(to)g(giv)m(e)g(a)h |
| | 13832 | (complete)e(list)g(here.)43 b(A)27 b(ma)5 b(jorit)m(y)27 |
| | 13833 | b(of)g(these)h(programs)0 3764 y(are)i(sp)s(eci\014c)g(to)g(giv)m(en)g |
| | 13834 | (collab)s(orations,)d(and)j(therefore)h(not)e(publicly)g(distributed.) |
| | 13835 | 42 b(Belo)m(w)30 b(w)m(e)h(giv)m(e)0 3872 y(a)e(list)f(of)h(a)g(few)g |
| | 13836 | (public)g(programs)f(from)g(the)i(`Lund)g(group',)g(whic)m(h)f(ma)m(y)g |
| | 13837 | (ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)e(somewhat)g(wider)0 3981 y(application.)53 |
| | 13838 | b(None)37 b(of)f(them)h(are)f(supp)s(orted)i(b)m(y)f(the)g(curren)m(t)h |
| | 13839 | (author,)g(so)e(an)m(y)i(requests)h(should)0 4089 y(b)s(e)33 |
| | 13840 | b(directed)g(to)f(the)h(p)s(ersons)h(men)m(tioned.)145 |
| | 13841 | 4202 y Fn(\017)49 b Fm(Ariadne)28 b Fw(is)f(a)h(generator)g(for)g(dip)s |
| | 13842 | (ole)e(emission,)i(written)f(mainly)f(b)m(y)j(L.)f(L\177)-49 |
| | 13843 | b(onn)m(blad)28 b([P)m(et88].)244 4310 y(The)42 b(dip)s(ole)e(pro)m |
| | 13844 | (vides)i(an)f(alternativ)m(e)f(form)m(ulation)f(of)h(initial-)d(and)42 |
| | 13845 | b(\014nal-state)e(sho)m(w)m(ers.)244 4419 y Fm(Jetset)28 |
| | 13846 | b Fw(or)h Fm(Pythia)h Fw(can)f(b)s(e)h(used)g(to)f(generate)h(the)g |
| | 13847 | (hard)f(pro)s(cess)i(and)f Fm(Jetset)e Fw(to)h(do)g(the)244 |
| | 13848 | 4527 y(fragmen)m(tation.)145 4645 y Fn(\017)49 b Fm(Ar)n(oma)42 |
| | 13849 | b Fw(is)e(a)h(generator)g(for)g(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)i(pro)s |
| | 13850 | (cesses)g(in)e(leptopro)s(duction,)h(written)f(b)m(y)244 |
| | 13851 | 4753 y(G.)32 b(Ingelman)f(and)i(G.)f(Sc)m(h)m(uler)i([Ing88)o(].)44 |
| | 13852 | b(It)33 b(uses)h Fm(Jetset)d Fw(for)h(fragmen)m(tation.)145 |
| | 13853 | 4871 y Fn(\017)49 b Fm(Fritiof)25 b Fw(is)g(a)f(generator)h(for)f |
| | 13854 | (hadron{hadron,)i(hadron{n)m(ucleus)g(and)f(n)m(ucleus{n)m(ucleus)i |
| | 13855 | (col-)244 4979 y(lisions)d([Nil87)n(],)k(whic)m(h)e(mak)m(es)h(use)g |
| | 13856 | (of)33 b Fm(Pythia)26 b Fw(to)g(generate)h(hard)f(QCD)g(scatterings)h |
| | 13857 | (and)f(of)244 5088 y Fm(Jetset)g Fw(for)h(fragmen)m(tation.)40 |
| | 13858 | b(Curren)m(tly)29 b(H.)e(Pi)g(is)g(resp)s(onsible)g(for)g(program)g |
| | 13859 | (dev)m(elopmen)m(t.)145 5205 y Fn(\017)49 b Fm(Lepto)24 |
| | 13860 | b Fw(is)h(a)g(leptopro)s(duction)e(ev)m(en)m(t)k(generator,)g(written)e |
| | 13861 | (mainly)e(b)m(y)j(G.)f(Ingelman)f([Ing80)o(].)244 5314 |
| | 13862 | y(It)45 b(can)h(generate)f(parton)g(con\014gurations)g(in)g(deep)h |
| | 13863 | (inelastic)d(scattering)i(according)g(to)g(a)244 5422 |
| | 13864 | y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)31 b(of)g(p)s(ossibilities.)40 b(It)31 |
| | 13865 | b(mak)m(es)h(use)g(of)37 b Fm(Jetset)30 b Fw(for)h(fragmen)m(tation)e |
| | 13866 | (and)i(additionally)244 5530 y(has)i(a)f(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)i(option)d |
| | 13867 | (based)j(on)e Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)145 5648 y Fn(\017)49 |
| | 13868 | b Fm(Lucifer)36 b Fw(is)g(a)g(photopro)s(duction)f(generator)h(written) |
| | 13869 | g(b)m(y)h(G.)f(Ingelman)f(and)h(A.)g(W)-8 b(eigend)1841 |
| | 13870 | 5953 y(20)p eop |
| | 13871 | %%Page: 21 27 |
| | 13872 | 21 26 bop 244 -18 a Fw([Ing87a)o(].)77 b(It)44 b(is)f(a)h(mo)s |
| | 13873 | (di\014cation)d(of)i(an)h(earlier)e(v)m(ersion)i(of)50 |
| | 13874 | b Fm(Pythia)44 b Fw(and)g(mak)m(es)g(use)h(of)244 90 |
| | 13875 | y Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)145 208 y Fn(\017)k Fm(Pompyt)41 b |
| | 13876 | Fw(is)f(a)g(generator)g(for)g(p)s(omeron)g(in)m(teractions)g(written)h |
| | 13877 | (b)m(y)g(P)-8 b(.)41 b(Bruni)f(and)g(G.)h(In-)244 316 |
| | 13878 | y(gelman)35 b([Bru93].)55 b(This)37 b(program)f(de\014nes)i(parton)e |
| | 13879 | (distributions,)h(\015ux)g(factors)g(and)f(other)244 |
| | 13880 | 424 y(asp)s(ects)d(sp)s(eci\014c)f(to)f(the)h(p)s(omeron,)f(whic)m(h)h |
| | 13881 | (is)e(com)m(bined)i(with)f(the)h(standard)f Fm(Pythia)h |
| | 13882 | Fw(ma-)244 533 y(c)m(hinery)h(for)f(pro)s(cess)i(generation.)145 |
| | 13883 | 650 y Fn(\017)49 b Fm(Twister)31 b Fw(is)g(a)f(generator)i(for)e |
| | 13884 | (higher-t)m(wist)h(pro)s(cesses,)i(written)f(b)m(y)g(G.)e(Ingelman)h |
| | 13885 | ([Ing87)o(].)244 759 y(It)i(is)f(a)g(mo)s(di\014cation)e(of)i(an)g |
| | 13886 | (earlier)f(v)m(ersion)j(of)39 b Fm(Pythia)32 b Fw(and)h(mak)m(es)g(use) |
| | 13887 | h(of)39 b Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)0 872 y(One)d(should)f(also)f(note)i(that)f |
| | 13888 | (a)g(v)m(ersion)h(of)42 b Fm(Pythia)36 b Fw(has)f(b)s(een)h(mo)s |
| | 13889 | (di\014ed)f(to)g(include)f(the)i(e\013ects)0 980 y(of)h(longitudinally) |
| | 13890 | 32 b(p)s(olarized)k(incoming)f(protons.)57 b(This)37 |
| | 13891 | b(is)f(the)i(w)m(ork)g(of)e(St.)57 b(G)s(\177)-51 b(ullenstern)35 |
| | 13892 | b(et)j(al.)0 1089 y([G)s(\177)-51 b(ul93)m(].)0 1362 |
| | 13893 | y Fp(3.1)135 b(Up)t(date)46 b(History)0 1535 y Fw(Both)31 |
| | 13894 | b Fm(Jetset)f Fw(and)g Fm(Pythia)h Fw(are)g(b)m(y)h(no)m(w)g(fairly)d |
| | 13895 | (old)g(and)i(w)m(ell-established)f(programs,)g(but)i(they)0 |
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| | 13897 | b(While)33 b(ev)m(olution)g(w)m(as)i(esp)s(ecially)e(rapid)g(for)g |
| | 13898 | Fm(Jetset)g Fw(in)0 1752 y(the)c(early)f(da)m(ys,)j(that)d(program)g |
| | 13899 | (has)h(b)m(y)g(no)m(w)h(reac)m(hed)g(a)e(certain)g(lev)m(el)h(of)f |
| | 13900 | (maturit)m(y)-8 b(,)28 b(and)h(the)g(pace)0 1860 y(of)40 |
| | 13901 | b(c)m(hange)h(has)f(dropp)s(ed)h(signi\014can)m(tly)-8 |
| | 13902 | b(.)65 b Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)42 b(on)e(the)h(other)f(hand,)i(has)f(b)s |
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| | 13907 | (efore)f(the)g(adv)m(en)m(t)h(of)e(electronic)h(mail,)d(programs)i(w)m |
| | 13908 | (ere)i(only)e(infrequen)m(tly)0 2294 y(distributed,)49 |
| | 13909 | b(and)d(v)m(ersion)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)g(corresp)s(onded)h(to)e |
| | 13910 | (distinct)f(new)i(upgrades.)85 b(T)-8 b(o)s(da)m(y)g(,)50 |
| | 13911 | b(the)0 2402 y(ev)m(olutionary)41 b(pro)s(cess)h(is)f(more)g(con)m(tin) |
| | 13912 | m(uous)h(and)g(so)f(is)g(the)h(distribution)e(of)h(new)h(v)m(ersions.) |
| | 13913 | 71 b(In)0 2510 y(particular,)36 b(the)h(in)m(tro)s(duction)e(of)h(a)h |
| | 13914 | (new)g(pro)s(cess)h(or)e(feature)h(is)f(often)h(done)g(on)f(short)h |
| | 13915 | (notice,)h(if)0 2619 y(no)j(problems)f(of)h(bac)m(kw)m(ards)i |
| | 13916 | (compatibilit)m(y)38 b(are)j(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed.)70 b(With)40 |
| | 13917 | b(this)h(distribution,)h(the)f(sub-)0 2727 y(v)m(ersion)g(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 13918 | (ers)h(ha)m(v)m(e)f(therefore)h(b)s(een)f(expanded)h(to)e(three)i |
| | 13919 | (digits,)f(where)h(the)f(last)e(t)m(w)m(o)j(giv)m(e)0 |
| | 13920 | 2835 y(sub-sub)m(v)m(ersions.)53 b(F)-8 b(or)34 b(ev)m(ery)i(c)m(hange) |
| | 13921 | g(made)e(in)g(the)i(public)e(\014le,)h(the)g(sub-sub)m(v)m(ersion)i(n)m |
| | 13922 | (um)m(b)s(er)e(is)0 2944 y(up)s(dated,)30 b(together)f(with)g(the)g |
| | 13923 | (`last)f(date)h(of)f(c)m(hange'.)43 b(In)30 b(most)e(referencing)h(the) |
| | 13924 | g(shorter)g(`)p Fm(Jetset)0 3052 y Fw(v)m(ersion)k(7.4')f(could)h |
| | 13925 | (still)d(b)s(e)j(preferable)f(to)g(e.g.)44 b(`)p Fm(Jetset)32 |
| | 13926 | b Fw(v)m(ersion)h(7.412'.)146 3160 y(F)-8 b(or)42 b(the)g(record,)k(in) |
| | 13927 | 41 b(T)-8 b(ables)42 b(1)g(and)h(2)f(w)m(e)h(list)e(the)h(o\016cial)f |
| | 13928 | (main)f(v)m(ersions)k(of)k Fm(Jetset)41 b Fw(and)0 3269 |
| | 13929 | y Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)33 b(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)33 |
| | 13930 | b(with)g(some)f(brief)g(commen)m(ts.)146 3377 y(All)25 |
| | 13931 | b(v)m(ersions)i(preceding)h Fm(Jetset)e Fw(7.3)g(and)g |
| | 13932 | Fm(Pythia)h Fw(5.6)e(should)i(no)m(w)g(b)s(e)f(considered)h(obsolete,)0 |
| | 13933 | 3485 y(and)j(are)f(no)h(longer)e(supp)s(orted.)44 b(F)-8 |
| | 13934 | b(or)28 b(stable)i(applications,)e(the)i(earlier)e(com)m(bination)f |
| | 13935 | Fm(Jetset)i Fw(6.3)0 3594 y(and)k Fm(Pythia)f Fw(4.8)h(could)f(still)e |
| | 13936 | (b)s(e)j(used,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)146 3702 y Fm(Jetset)42 |
| | 13937 | b Fw(v)m(ersion)h(7)g(and)f Fm(Pythia)h Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5)g(ha)m(v)m(e) |
| | 13938 | h(b)s(een)f(ev)m(olv)m(ed)h(in)e(parallel,)h(so)f(some)h(of)0 |
| | 13939 | 3810 y(the)34 b(pro)s(cesses)i(added)e(in)f(later)g(v)m(ersions)i(of)40 |
| | 13940 | b Fm(Pythia)34 b Fw(mak)m(e)g(use)g(of)f(particle)g(data)g(only)g |
| | 13941 | (found)h(in)0 3919 y Fm(Jetset)f Fw(from)f(that)i(time)e(on)m(w)m |
| | 13942 | (ards.)48 b(Although)33 b(it)g(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)h |
| | 13943 | (com)m(bine)f Fm(Pythia)h Fw(5.7)0 4027 y(with)c Fm(Jetset)f |
| | 13944 | Fw(7.3,)h(e.g.,)h(it)e(is)h(not)f(recommended.)43 b(F)-8 |
| | 13945 | b(rom)29 b(the)h(curren)m(t)i(v)m(ersions)f(on)m(w)m(ards,)h(c)m(hec)m |
| | 13946 | (ks)0 4135 y(ha)m(v)m(e)26 b(therefore)f(b)s(een)h(in)m(tro)s(duced)f |
| | 13947 | (to)f(detect)i(the)f(use)h(of)e(\(p)s(oten)m(tially\))e(incompatible)g |
| | 13948 | (sub)m(v)m(ersions,)0 4244 y(with)32 b(w)m(arnings)h(issued)g(at)f |
| | 13949 | (initialization)27 b(if)32 b(that)g(should)h(b)s(e)f(the)h(case.)146 |
| | 13950 | 4352 y(Previous)39 b(v)m(ersions)f(of)g(the)g(man)m(uals)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 13951 | (con)m(tained)f(detailed)e(lists)h(of)g(mo)s(di\014cations)f(from)0 |
| | 13952 | 4460 y(one)42 b(v)m(ersion)g(to)g(the)g(next,)j(see)e(e.g.)71 |
| | 13953 | b([Sj\177)-49 b(o92d].)71 b(Belo)m(w)41 b(w)m(e)i(only)e(repro)s(duce)i |
| | 13954 | (the)f(up)s(dates)h(that)0 4569 y(app)s(ear)e(with)f(the)h(most)f |
| | 13955 | (recen)m(t)i(v)m(ersions)g(of)e(the)h(programs.)67 b(Some)41 |
| | 13956 | b(of)f(them)g(w)m(ere)i(in)m(tro)s(duced)0 4677 y(in)f(later)f |
| | 13957 | (editions)h(of)48 b Fm(Pythia)42 b Fw(5.6)f(with)g Fm(Jetset)g |
| | 13958 | Fw(7.3,)i(while)e(others)h(are)g(completely)e(new.)72 |
| | 13959 | b(If)0 4785 y(nothing)35 b(is)g(explicitly)f(said,)i(these)h(c)m |
| | 13960 | (hanges)g(do)f(not)g(a\013ect)g(bac)m(kw)m(ards)i(compatibilit)m(y)-8 |
| | 13961 | b(,)33 b(but)j(only)0 4894 y(add)d(new)g(features.)0 |
| | 13962 | 5142 y Fo(3.1.1)112 b(Up)s(dates)39 b(in)e(JETSET)f(7.4)0 |
| | 13963 | 5314 y Fw(Changes)43 b(from)e(v)m(ersion)i(7.3)e(to)h(7.4)f(are)i(not)e |
| | 13964 | (so)i(large,)g(although)e(the)h(impact)f(of)h(the)g(up)s(dated)0 |
| | 13965 | 5423 y(particle)31 b(data)h(and)h(parameter)f(default)g(v)-5 |
| | 13966 | b(alues)33 b(ma)m(y)f(need)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(studied.)145 |
| | 13967 | 5536 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(P)m(article)40 b(data)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f |
| | 13968 | (up)s(dated)f(in)g(accordance)h(with)f(the)h(1992)e(Review)i(of)e(P)m |
| | 13969 | (article)244 5644 y(Prop)s(erites)28 b([PDG92)o(].)42 |
| | 13970 | b(\(As)29 b(usual,)g(with)f(a)g(free)h(in)m(terpretation)e(of)h |
| | 13971 | (inconsistencies,)h(unclar-)1841 5953 y(21)p eop |
| | 13972 | %%Page: 22 28 |
| | 13973 | 22 27 bop 118 34 a Fw(T)-8 b(able)40 b(1:)59 b(The)41 |
| | 13974 | b(main)d(v)m(ersions)k(of)k Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)c(with)e(their)f(date)i |
| | 13975 | (of)f(app)s(earance,)i(published)118 142 y(man)m(uals,)32 |
| | 13976 | b(and)g(main)f(c)m(hanges)j(from)e(previous)h(v)m(ersions.)p |
| | 13977 | 193 308 3394 4 v 191 452 4 145 v 243 396 a(No.)p 440 |
| | 13978 | 452 V 156 w(Date)p 857 452 V 210 w(Publ.)p 1295 452 V |
| | 13979 | 155 w(Main)f(new)h(or)f(impro)m(v)m(ed)h(features)p 3583 |
| | 13980 | 452 V 193 455 3394 4 v 191 575 4 121 v 293 543 a(1)p |
| | 13981 | 440 575 V 158 w(No)m(v)g(78)p 857 575 V 134 w([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 13982 | b(o78])p 1295 575 V 127 w(single-quark)31 b(jets)p 3583 |
| | 13983 | 575 V 191 696 V 293 663 a(2)p 440 696 V 150 w(Ma)m(y)i(79)p |
| | 13984 | 857 696 V 126 w([Sj\177)-49 b(o79])p 1295 696 V 127 w(hea)m(vy-\015a)m |
| | 13985 | (v)m(our)34 b(jets)p 3583 696 V 191 816 V 255 784 a(3.1)p |
| | 13986 | 440 816 V 117 w(Aug)f(79)p 857 816 V 225 w(|)p 1295 816 |
| | 13987 | V 220 w(2-jets)f(in)g(e)1767 747 y Fl(+)1826 784 y Fw(e)1869 |
| | 13988 | 747 y Fk(\000)1929 784 y Fw(,)g(preliminary)e(3-jets)p |
| | 13989 | 3583 816 V 191 937 V 255 904 a(3.2)p 440 937 V 122 w(Apr)j(80)p |
| | 13990 | 857 937 V 137 w([Sj\177)-49 b(o80])p 1295 937 V 127 w(3-jets)32 |
| | 13991 | b(in)g(e)1767 868 y Fl(+)1826 904 y Fw(e)1869 868 y Fk(\000)1961 |
| | 13992 | 904 y Fw(with)g(full)f(matrix)g(elemen)m(ts,)p 3583 937 |
| | 13993 | V 191 1057 V 440 1057 V 857 1057 V 1295 1057 V 1347 1024 |
| | 13994 | a(top)s(onium)f Fn(!)e Fw(ggg)33 b(deca)m(ys)p 3583 1057 |
| | 13995 | V 191 1177 V 255 1145 a(3.3)p 440 1177 V 117 w(Aug)g(80)p |
| | 13996 | 857 1177 V 225 w(|)p 1295 1177 V 220 w(softer)f(fragmen)m(tation)f(sp)s |
| | 13997 | (ectrum)p 3583 1177 V 191 1298 V 255 1265 a(4.1)p 440 |
| | 13998 | 1298 V 122 w(Apr)i(81)p 857 1298 V 231 w(|)p 1295 1298 |
| | 13999 | V 220 w(bary)m(on)g(pro)s(duction)f(and)g(diquark)h(fragmen)m(tation,)p |
| | 14000 | 3583 1298 V 191 1418 V 440 1418 V 857 1418 V 1295 1418 |
| | 14001 | V 1347 1386 a(fourth-generation)e(quarks,)j(larger)d(jet)i(systems)p |
| | 14002 | 3583 1418 V 191 1538 V 255 1506 a(4.2)p 440 1538 V 120 |
| | 14003 | w(No)m(v)g(81)p 857 1538 V 228 w(|)p 1295 1538 V 220 |
| | 14004 | w(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)1573 1521 y Fk(?)1663 1506 y Fw(ph)m(ysics)p |
| | 14005 | 3583 1538 V 191 1659 V 255 1626 a(4.3)p 440 1659 V 117 |
| | 14006 | w(Mar)g(82)p 857 1659 V 131 w([Sj\177)-49 b(o82])p 1295 |
| | 14007 | 1659 V 127 w(4-jets)32 b(and)h(QFD)e(structure)j(in)e(e)2621 |
| | 14008 | 1590 y Fl(+)2680 1626 y Fw(e)2723 1590 y Fk(\000)2783 |
| | 14009 | 1626 y Fw(,)p 3583 1659 V 191 1779 V 440 1779 V 519 1747 |
| | 14010 | a(Jul)g(82)p 857 1779 V 154 w([Sj\177)-49 b(o83])p 1295 |
| | 14011 | 1779 V 127 w(ev)m(en)m(t-analysis)33 b(routines)p 3583 |
| | 14012 | 1779 V 191 1900 V 255 1867 a(5.1)p 440 1900 V 122 w(Apr)g(83)p |
| | 14013 | 857 1900 V 231 w(|)p 1295 1900 V 220 w(impro)m(v)m(ed)f(string)g |
| | 14014 | (fragmen)m(tation)f(sc)m(heme,)i(symmetric)p 3583 1900 |
| | 14015 | V 191 2020 V 440 2020 V 857 2020 V 1295 2020 V 1347 1987 |
| | 14016 | a(fragmen)m(tation,)d(full)h(2)2222 1951 y Fl(nd)2337 |
| | 14017 | 1987 y Fw(order)i(QCD)f(for)g(e)3037 1951 y Fl(+)3096 |
| | 14018 | 1987 y Fw(e)3139 1951 y Fk(\000)p 3583 2020 V 191 2140 |
| | 14019 | V 255 2108 a Fw(5.2)p 440 2140 V 120 w(No)m(v)h(83)p |
| | 14020 | 857 2140 V 228 w(|)p 1295 2140 V 220 w(momen)m(tum-conserv)-5 |
| | 14021 | b(ation)30 b(sc)m(hemes)k(for)e(IF,)p 3583 2140 V 191 |
| | 14022 | 2261 V 440 2261 V 857 2261 V 1295 2261 V 1347 2228 a(initial-state)c |
| | 14023 | (photon)33 b(radiation)d(in)i(e)2772 2192 y Fl(+)2831 |
| | 14024 | 2228 y Fw(e)2874 2192 y Fk(\000)p 3583 2261 V 191 2381 |
| | 14025 | V 255 2349 a Fw(5.3)p 440 2381 V 112 w(Ma)m(y)h(84)p |
| | 14026 | 857 2381 V 220 w(|)p 1295 2381 V 220 w(`p)s(op)s(corn')f(mo)s(del)f |
| | 14027 | (for)h(bary)m(on)h(pro)s(duction)p 3583 2381 V 191 2501 |
| | 14028 | V 255 2469 a(6.1)p 440 2501 V 129 w(Jan)f(85)p 857 2501 |
| | 14029 | V 237 w(|)p 1295 2501 V 220 w(common)f(blo)s(c)m(ks)i(restructured,)h |
| | 14030 | (parton)e(sho)m(w)m(ers)p 3583 2501 V 191 2622 V 255 |
| | 14031 | 2589 a(6.2)p 440 2622 V 126 w(Oct)h(85)p 857 2622 V 141 |
| | 14032 | w([Sj\177)-49 b(o86])p 1295 2622 V 127 w(error)32 b(detection)p |
| | 14033 | 3583 2622 V 191 2742 V 255 2710 a(6.3)p 440 2742 V 126 |
| | 14034 | w(Oct)h(86)p 857 2742 V 141 w([Sj\177)-49 b(o87])p 1295 |
| | 14035 | 2742 V 127 w(new)33 b(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h(sc)m(heme)p |
| | 14036 | 3583 2742 V 191 2863 V 255 2830 a(7.1)p 440 2863 V 129 |
| | 14037 | w(F)-8 b(eb)32 b(89)p 857 2863 V 237 w(|)p 1295 2863 |
| | 14038 | V 220 w(new)h(particle)e(co)s(des)j(and)e(common)g(blo)s(c)m(k)g |
| | 14039 | (structure,)p 3583 2863 V 191 2983 V 440 2983 V 857 2983 |
| | 14040 | V 1295 2983 V 1347 2950 a(more)f(mesons,)j(impro)m(v)m(ed)e(deca)m(ys,) |
| | 14041 | j(v)m(ertex)f(information,)p 3583 2983 V 191 3103 V 440 |
| | 14042 | 3103 V 857 3103 V 1295 3103 V 1347 3071 a(Ab)s(elian)d(gluon)g(mo)s |
| | 14043 | (del,)g(Bose{Einstein)i(e\013ects)p 3583 3103 V 191 3224 |
| | 14044 | V 255 3191 a(7.2)p 440 3224 V 120 w(No)m(v)g(89)p 857 |
| | 14045 | 3224 V 228 w(|)p 1295 3224 V 220 w(in)m(terface)f(to)g(new)i(standard)f |
| | 14046 | (common)e(blo)s(c)m(k,)p 3583 3224 V 191 3344 V 440 3344 |
| | 14047 | V 857 3344 V 1295 3344 V 1347 3312 a(photon)h(emission)f(in)h(sho)m(w)m |
| | 14048 | (ers)p 3583 3344 V 191 3465 V 255 3432 a(7.3)p 440 3465 |
| | 14049 | V 112 w(Ma)m(y)h(90)p 857 3465 V 99 w([Sj\177)-49 b(o92d])p |
| | 14050 | 1295 3465 V 100 w(expanded)34 b(supp)s(ort)f(for)f(non-standard)g |
| | 14051 | (particles)p 3583 3465 V 191 3609 4 145 v 255 3552 a(7.4)p |
| | 14052 | 440 3609 V 124 w(Dec)h(93)p 857 3609 V 139 w([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 14053 | b(o94])p 1295 3609 V 127 w(up)s(dated)33 b(particle)e(data)h(and)h |
| | 14054 | (defaults)p 3583 3609 V 193 3612 3394 4 v 244 3961 a(ities)39 |
| | 14055 | b(and)h(other)h(gaps)f(in)g(the)h(kno)m(wledge.\))67 |
| | 14056 | b(Changes)41 b(are)g(esp)s(ecially)e(drastic)h(for)g(c)m(harm)244 |
| | 14057 | 4069 y(and)34 b(b)s(ottom.)48 b(In)35 b(the)f(b)s(ottom)f(sector)j(the) |
| | 14058 | e(deca)m(y)i(prop)s(erties)f(are)f(no)m(w)h(giv)m(en)g(individually)244 |
| | 14059 | 4177 y(for)k(B)469 4141 y Fl(0)509 4177 y Fw(,)i(B)646 |
| | 14060 | 4141 y Fl(+)705 4177 y Fw(,)h(B)843 4141 y Fl(0)843 4202 |
| | 14061 | y(s)883 4177 y Fw(,)f(B)1020 4141 y Fl(+)1020 4202 y(c)1119 |
| | 14062 | 4177 y Fw(and)f(\003)1384 4141 y Fl(0)1384 4202 y(b)1427 |
| | 14063 | 4177 y Fw(,)i(i.e.)64 b(the)41 b(generic)e(data)h(for)f |
| | 14064 | (`pseudoparticle')h(85)f(are)h(only)244 4286 y(used)34 |
| | 14065 | b(for)e(other)g(w)m(eakly)i(deca)m(ying)f(B)f(bary)m(ons.)145 |
| | 14066 | 4403 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Also)40 b(a)g(few)i(other)e(Standard)h(Mo)s(del) |
| | 14067 | f(parameters)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(up)s(dated,)i(suc)m(h)g(as)d(the) |
| | 14068 | h(Z)3740 4367 y Fl(0)244 4512 y Fw(and)33 b(W)535 4476 |
| | 14069 | y Fk(\006)627 4512 y Fw(masses)g(and)g(widths,)g(sin)1599 |
| | 14070 | 4472 y Fl(2)1639 4512 y Fj(\022)1684 4527 y Fh(W)1797 |
| | 14071 | 4512 y Fw(and)g(the)g(CKM)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts.)145 |
| | 14072 | 4629 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(F)-8 b(ragmen)m(tation)28 b(and)j(parton)f(sho)m |
| | 14073 | (w)m(er)j(parameters)d(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed)d(to)i |
| | 14074 | (re\015ect)g(curren)m(t)244 4738 y(LEP)c(kno)m(wledge)g([LEP90],)h |
| | 14075 | (i.e.)41 b(a)26 b(minor)e(retuning)i(starting)f(from)g(an)h(a)m(v)m |
| | 14076 | (erage)h(of)f(the)h(`b)s(est')244 4846 y(parameter)41 |
| | 14077 | b(v)-5 b(alues)42 b(obtained)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(four)g(LEP)g(collab)s |
| | 14078 | (orations.)69 b(Bose-Einstein)42 b(e\013ects)244 4955 |
| | 14079 | y(are)35 b(still)e(left)i(out.)51 b(Fla)m(v)m(our)35 |
| | 14080 | b(comp)s(osition)e(is)i(unc)m(hanged,)i(except)g(for)e(a)g(suppression) |
| | 14081 | i(of)e Fj(\021)3757 4918 y Fk(0)244 5063 y Fw(pro)s(duction.)42 |
| | 14082 | b(A\013ected)31 b(b)m(y)h(the)e(c)m(hange)h(are)g Fq(MSTJ\(11\))p |
| | 14083 | Fw(,)i Fq(PARJ\(21\))p Fw(,)f Fq(PARJ\(23\))p Fw(,)h |
| | 14084 | Fq(PARJ\(24\))p Fw(,)244 5171 y Fq(PARJ\(41\))p Fw(,)i |
| | 14085 | Fq(PARJ\(42\))p Fw(,)f Fq(PARJ\(54\))p Fw({)p Fq(PARJ\(58\))j |
| | 14086 | Fw(and)c Fq(PARJ\(81\))p Fw(.)145 5289 y Fn(\017)49 b |
| | 14087 | Fw(Sev)m(eral)34 b(other)h(default)e(v)-5 b(alues)34 |
| | 14088 | b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f(c)m(hanged)g(for)f(switc)m(hes)h(and)g |
| | 14089 | (parameters)f(in)f(the)244 5397 y(e)287 5361 y Fl(+)346 |
| | 14090 | 5397 y Fw(e)389 5361 y Fk(\000)449 5397 y Fw(,)k(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er) |
| | 14091 | i(and)e(fragmen)m(tation)f(parts)h(of)g(the)h(programs.)54 |
| | 14092 | b(These)38 b(c)m(hanges)f(are)244 5506 y(in)m(tended)27 |
| | 14093 | b(to)f(re\015ect)h(our)g(curren)m(t)g(b)s(est)g(kno)m(wledge.)43 |
| | 14094 | b(See)27 b Fq(MSTJ\(26\))p Fw(,)j Fq(MSTJ\(27\))p Fw(,)f |
| | 14095 | Fq(MSTJ\(41\))p Fw(,)244 5614 y Fq(MSTJ\(46\))p Fw(,)35 |
| | 14096 | b Fq(MSTJ\(50\))p Fw(,)f Fq(MSTJ\(110\))p Fw(,)h Fq(PARJ\(26\))p |
| | 14097 | Fw(,)g(and)e Fq(PARJ\(121\))p Fw({)p Fq(PARJ\(125\))p |
| | 14098 | Fw(.)1841 5953 y(22)p eop |
| | 14099 | %%Page: 23 29 |
| | 14100 | 23 28 bop 118 34 a Fw(T)-8 b(able)39 b(2:)56 b(The)40 |
| | 14101 | b(main)e(v)m(ersions)i(of)46 b Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)41 b(with)d(their)h |
| | 14102 | (date)g(of)g(app)s(earance,)i(published)118 142 y(man)m(uals,)32 |
| | 14103 | b(and)g(main)f(c)m(hanges)j(from)e(previous)h(v)m(ersions.)p |
| | 14104 | 105 308 3569 4 v 103 452 4 145 v 155 396 a(No.)p 352 |
| | 14105 | 452 V 156 w(Date)p 769 452 V 225 w(Publ.)p 1236 452 V |
| | 14106 | 168 w(Main)f(new)i(or)e(impro)m(v)m(ed)g(features)p 3671 |
| | 14107 | 452 V 105 455 3569 4 v 103 575 4 121 v 205 543 a(1)p |
| | 14108 | 352 575 V 163 w(Dec)h(82)p 769 575 V 136 w([Ben84])p |
| | 14109 | 1236 575 V 124 w(syn)m(thesis)i(of)d(predecessors)j Fm(Compton)p |
| | 14110 | Fw(,)f Fm(Highpt)e Fw(and)p 3671 575 V 103 696 V 352 |
| | 14111 | 696 V 769 696 V 1236 696 V 1287 663 a Fm(Kassandra)p |
| | 14112 | 3671 696 V 103 816 V 205 784 a Fw(2)p 352 816 V 260 w(|)p |
| | 14113 | 769 816 V 1236 816 V 3671 816 V 103 937 V 167 904 a(3.1)p |
| | 14114 | 352 937 V 222 w(|)p 769 937 V 1236 937 V 3671 937 V 103 |
| | 14115 | 1057 V 167 1024 a(3.2)p 352 1057 V 222 w(|)p 769 1057 |
| | 14116 | V 1236 1057 V 3671 1057 V 103 1177 V 167 1145 a(3.3)p |
| | 14117 | 352 1177 V 129 w(F)-8 b(eb)32 b(84)p 769 1177 V 117 w([Ben84a])p |
| | 14118 | 1236 1177 V 99 w(scale-breaking)g(parton)h(distributions)p |
| | 14119 | 3671 1177 V 103 1298 V 167 1265 a(3.4)p 352 1298 V 130 |
| | 14120 | w(Sep)g(84)p 769 1298 V 141 w([Ben85])p 1236 1298 V 124 |
| | 14121 | w(more)f(e\016cien)m(t)i(kinematics)d(selection)p 3671 |
| | 14122 | 1298 V 103 1418 V 167 1386 a(4.1)p 352 1418 V 125 w(Dec)i(84)p |
| | 14123 | 769 1418 V 1236 1418 V 578 w(initial-)c(and)j(\014nal-state)g(parton)g |
| | 14124 | (sho)m(w)m(ers,)j(W)f(and)f(Z)p 3671 1418 V 103 1538 |
| | 14125 | V 167 1506 a(4.2)p 352 1538 V 126 w(Jun)g(85)p 769 1538 |
| | 14126 | V 1236 1538 V 580 w(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m(teractions)p 3671 |
| | 14127 | 1538 V 103 1659 V 167 1626 a(4.3)p 352 1659 V 117 w(Aug)j(85)p |
| | 14128 | 769 1659 V 1236 1659 V 571 w(WW)q(,)h(WZ,)e(ZZ)g(and)h(R)f(pro)s |
| | 14129 | (cesses)p 3671 1659 V 103 1779 V 167 1747 a(4.4)p 352 |
| | 14130 | 1779 V 120 w(No)m(v)h(85)p 769 1779 V 1236 1779 V 574 |
| | 14131 | w Fj(\015)5 b Fw(W)q(,)34 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(Z,)32 b Fj(\015)5 |
| | 14132 | b(\015)37 b Fw(pro)s(cesses)p 3671 1779 V 103 1900 V |
| | 14133 | 167 1867 a(4.5)p 352 1900 V 129 w(Jan)32 b(86)p 769 1900 |
| | 14134 | V 1236 1900 V 583 w(H)1360 1831 y Fl(0)1432 1867 y Fw(pro)s(duction,)g |
| | 14135 | (di\013ractiv)m(e)g(and)h(elastic)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)p 3671 |
| | 14136 | 1900 V 103 2020 V 167 1987 a(4.6)p 352 2020 V 112 w(Ma)m(y)h(86)p |
| | 14137 | 769 2020 V 1236 2020 V 566 w(angular)f(correlation)e(in)i(resonance)i |
| | 14138 | (pair)e(deca)m(ys)p 3671 2020 V 103 2140 V 167 2108 a(4.7)p |
| | 14139 | 352 2140 V 112 w(Ma)m(y)h(86)p 769 2140 V 1236 2140 V |
| | 14140 | 566 w(Z)1347 2072 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1438 2108 y Fw(and)g(H)1701 |
| | 14141 | 2072 y Fl(+)1792 2108 y Fw(pro)s(cesses)p 3671 2140 V |
| | 14142 | 103 2261 V 167 2228 a(4.8)p 352 2261 V 129 w(Jan)f(87)p |
| | 14143 | 769 2261 V 141 w([Ben87])p 1236 2261 V 124 w(v)-5 b(ariable)31 |
| | 14144 | b(impact)g(parameter)h(in)g(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(teractions)p |
| | 14145 | 3671 2261 V 103 2381 V 167 2349 a(4.9)p 352 2381 V 112 |
| | 14146 | w(Ma)m(y)j(87)p 769 2381 V 1236 2381 V 566 w(gH)1409 |
| | 14147 | 2312 y Fl(+)1501 2349 y Fw(pro)s(cess)p 3671 2381 V 103 |
| | 14148 | 2501 V 167 2469 a(5.1)p 352 2501 V 112 w(Ma)m(y)g(87)p |
| | 14149 | 769 2501 V 1236 2501 V 566 w(massiv)m(e)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)i(for)f |
| | 14150 | (hea)m(vy)i(quarks)p 3671 2501 V 103 2622 V 167 2589 |
| | 14151 | a(5.2)p 352 2622 V 126 w(Jun)f(87)p 769 2622 V 1236 2622 |
| | 14152 | V 580 w(in)m(termediate)f(b)s(oson)g(scattering)p 3671 |
| | 14153 | 2622 V 103 2742 V 167 2710 a(5.3)p 352 2742 V 127 w(Oct)g(89)p |
| | 14154 | 769 2742 V 1236 2742 V 581 w(new)i(particle)d(and)i(subpro)s(cess)h(co) |
| | 14155 | s(des,)g(new)f(common)f(blo)s(c)m(k)p 3671 2742 V 103 |
| | 14156 | 2863 V 352 2863 V 769 2863 V 1236 2863 V 1287 2830 a(structure,)i(new)g |
| | 14157 | (kinematics)d(selection,)i(some)p 3671 2863 V 103 2983 |
| | 14158 | V 352 2983 V 769 2983 V 1236 2983 V 1287 2950 a(lepton{lepton)f(and)g |
| | 14159 | (lepton{hadron)g(in)m(teractions,)p 3671 2983 V 103 3103 |
| | 14160 | V 352 3103 V 769 3103 V 1236 3103 V 1287 3071 a(new)i(subpro)s(cesses)p |
| | 14161 | 3671 3103 V 103 3224 V 167 3191 a(5.4)p 352 3224 V 126 |
| | 14162 | w(Jun)f(90)p 769 3224 V 1236 3224 V 580 w Fj(s)p Fw(-dep)s(enden)m(t)h |
| | 14163 | (widths,)f(resonances)i(not)d(on)h(the)g(mass)f(shell,)p |
| | 14164 | 3671 3224 V 103 3344 V 352 3344 V 769 3344 V 1236 3344 |
| | 14165 | V 1287 3312 a(new)i(pro)s(cesses,)h(new)e(parton)f(distributions)p |
| | 14166 | 3671 3344 V 103 3465 V 167 3432 a(5.5)p 352 3465 V 129 |
| | 14167 | w(Jan)g(91)p 769 3465 V 1236 3465 V 583 w(impro)m(v)m(ed)h(e)1756 |
| | 14168 | 3396 y Fl(+)1815 3432 y Fw(e)1858 3396 y Fk(\000)1950 |
| | 14169 | 3432 y Fw(and)g(ep,)g(sev)m(eral)g(new)h(pro)s(cesses)p |
| | 14170 | 3671 3465 V 103 3585 V 167 3552 a(5.6)p 352 3585 V 130 |
| | 14171 | w(Sep)f(91)p 769 3585 V 131 w([Sj\177)-49 b(o92d)o(])p |
| | 14172 | 1236 3585 V 114 w(reorganized)33 b(parton)f(distributions,)f(new)j(pro) |
| | 14173 | s(cesses,)p 3671 3585 V 103 3705 V 352 3705 V 769 3705 |
| | 14174 | V 1236 3705 V 1287 3673 a(user-de\014ned)h(external)d(pro)s(cesses)p |
| | 14175 | 3671 3705 V 103 3849 4 145 v 167 3793 a(5.7)p 352 3849 |
| | 14176 | V 125 w(Dec)h(93)p 769 3849 V 153 w([Sj\177)-49 b(o94)o(])p |
| | 14177 | 1236 3849 V 141 w(new)34 b(total)d(cross)i(sections,)h(photopro)s |
| | 14178 | (duction,)e(top)g(deca)m(y)p 3671 3849 V 105 3853 3569 |
| | 14179 | 4 v 145 4201 a Fn(\017)49 b Fw(A)28 b(common)e(title)g(page)h(for)g |
| | 14180 | Fm(Jetset)g Fw(and)h Fm(Pythia)g Fw(has)g(b)s(een)g(in)m(tro)s(duced)g |
| | 14181 | (with)f(the)h Fq(LULOGO)244 4310 y Fw(routine.)43 b(Sub-sub)m(v)m |
| | 14182 | (ersion)34 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)g(are)e(also)g(giv)m(en.)145 |
| | 14183 | 4427 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Sev)m(eral)c(options)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)f |
| | 14184 | (added)g(for)f(the)h Fq(LUSHOW)h Fw(sho)m(w)m(er)g(routine.)78 |
| | 14185 | b(See)45 b Fq(MSTJ\(41\))p Fw(,)244 4536 y Fq(MSTJ\(47\))35 |
| | 14186 | b Fw(and)d Fq(MSTJ\(50\))p Fw(.)145 4654 y Fn(\017)49 |
| | 14187 | b Fw(A)31 b(b)g(quark)g(pro)s(duced)h(in)e(the)h(deca)m(y)i(of)d(a)g |
| | 14188 | (top)h(hadron)g(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)h(radiate)f(according)g(to)244 |
| | 14189 | 4762 y(the)j(standard)g(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er)i(sc)m(heme.)145 |
| | 14190 | 4880 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)39 b(scalar)e(gluon)g(option)f(con)m(tains)i |
| | 14191 | (the)g(full)e(electro)m(w)m(eak)j(angular)e(distribution)f(of)h(3-jet) |
| | 14192 | 244 4988 y(ev)m(en)m(ts.)145 5106 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)37 |
| | 14193 | b Fq(LUCOMP)g Fw(routine)e(has)h(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed.)52 |
| | 14194 | b(Among)35 b(other)h(things,)g(the)g(B)3150 5070 y Fl(+)3150 |
| | 14195 | 5130 y(c)3245 5106 y Fw(no)m(w)g(app)s(ears)244 5214 |
| | 14196 | y(as)c(a)g(separate)h(compressed)h(co)s(de,)e(further)h(co)s(des)g(for) |
| | 14197 | f(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(states)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(added)244 |
| | 14198 | 5323 y(to)d(the)g(curren)m(t)h(list,)e(and)h(the)h(p)s(omeron)e |
| | 14199 | (\(reggeon,)i Fj(\021)2273 5338 y Fl(tec)n(hni)2463 5323 |
| | 14200 | y Fw(\))f(has)h(b)s(een)f(added)h(as)f(particle)f(29)244 |
| | 14201 | 5431 y(\(28,)j(38\).)145 5549 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(A)25 |
| | 14202 | b(minim)m(um)c(threshold)k(for)f(calorimeter)e(cell)i(energy)h(has)h(b) |
| | 14203 | s(een)f(in)m(tro)s(duced)g(for)f(the)h Fq(LUCELL)244 |
| | 14204 | 5657 y Fw(routine.)1841 5953 y(23)p eop |
| | 14205 | %%Page: 24 30 |
| | 14206 | 24 29 bop 145 -18 a Fn(\017)49 b Fw(All)42 b(obsolescen)m(t)j(features) |
| | 14207 | f(of)f(the)i(F)-8 b(ortran)42 b(90)i(standard)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f |
| | 14208 | (remo)m(v)m(ed,)k(i.e.)76 b(the)244 90 y(program)36 b(should)h(w)m(ork) |
| | 14209 | h(w)m(ell)f(either)g(with)g(a)g(F)-8 b(ortran)36 b(77)h(compiler)f(or)h |
| | 14210 | (with)g(a)g(F)-8 b(ortran)36 b(90)244 198 y(one.)145 |
| | 14211 | 316 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(A)33 b(few)g(minor)d(errors)j(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s |
| | 14212 | (een)g(corrected.)146 429 y(The)46 b(follo)m(wing)c(c)m(hanges)j(ha)m |
| | 14213 | (v)m(e)h(b)s(een)g(made)e(since)h(the)g(b)s(eginning)e(of)h(1994,)i |
| | 14214 | (i.e.)79 b(since)45 b(the)0 537 y(original)29 b(distribution)i(7.400:) |
| | 14215 | 119 650 y(1.)49 b Fm(Jetset)31 b Fw(v)m(ersion)i(7.401,)f(11)g(F)-8 |
| | 14216 | b(ebruary)33 b(1994:)360 768 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Protect)34 |
| | 14217 | b(against)d(o)m(v)m(er\015o)m(w)k(in)c Fq(LUZDIS)j Fw(\(needed)h(on)d |
| | 14218 | (some)g(mac)m(hines\).)119 886 y(2.)49 b Fm(Jetset)31 |
| | 14219 | b Fw(v)m(ersion)i(7.402,)f(7)h(April)e(1994:)360 1004 |
| | 14220 | y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(New)33 b(option)d(to)g(suppress)k(either)d(hard)g(or) |
| | 14221 | g(soft)g(radiation)e(in)h Fq(LUSHOW)p Fw(,)j(see)f Fq(MSTJ\(40\))p |
| | 14222 | Fw(.)360 1122 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)d(generic)e(in)m(terface)h(to)g(an)g |
| | 14223 | (external)g Fj(\034)55 b Fw(deca)m(y)46 b(library)c(has)j(b)s(een)f(in) |
| | 14224 | m(tro)s(duced,)j(see)458 1230 y Fq(MSTJ\(28\))35 b Fw(and)e |
| | 14225 | Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUTAUD)p Fw(.)360 1348 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14226 | b Fw(In)28 b(a)e(few)h(places,)i(a)d(dot)h(has)g(b)s(een)h(mo)m(v)m(ed) |
| | 14227 | f(from)f(the)h(end)g(of)g(one)g(line)e(to)i(the)g(b)s(eginning)458 |
| | 14228 | 1456 y(of)i(the)g(next)h(con)m(tin)m(uation)e(line,)g(or)g(the)i(other) |
| | 14229 | e(w)m(a)m(y)j(around,)e(to)g(k)m(eep)h(together)f(tok)m(ens)458 |
| | 14230 | 1564 y(suc)m(h)35 b(as)d Fq(.EQ.)i Fw(or)e Fq(.AND.)p |
| | 14231 | Fw(,)i(since)f(some)f(debuggers)i(ma)m(y)f(otherwise)g(complain.)360 |
| | 14232 | 1682 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)33 b(source)h(of)e(\(harmless\))g(division)f |
| | 14233 | (b)m(y)i(zero)g(in)f Fq(LUSHOW)i Fw(has)f(b)s(een)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)119 |
| | 14234 | 1800 y(3.)49 b Fm(Jetset)31 b Fw(v)m(ersion)i(7.403,)f(15)g(July)h |
| | 14235 | (1994:)360 1918 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Leptons)k(and)f(photons)g(whic)m(h)g |
| | 14236 | (are)g(unrelated)g(to)f(the)h(system)h(feeling)d(the)i(Bose-)458 |
| | 14237 | 2026 y(Einstein)31 b(e\013ects)h(do)f(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(their)e |
| | 14238 | (energies)i(and)f(momen)m(ta)e(c)m(hanged)j(in)f(the)g(global)458 |
| | 14239 | 2135 y(rescaling)i(step)h(of)40 b Fq(LUBOEI)p Fw(.)35 |
| | 14240 | b(\(Example:)44 b(W)2138 2098 y Fl(+)2198 2135 y Fw(W)2299 |
| | 14241 | 2098 y Fk(\000)2391 2135 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)36 b(where)f(one)e(W)i |
| | 14242 | (deca)m(ys)g(lep-)458 2243 y(tonically;)51 b(b)s(efore)45 |
| | 14243 | b(these)i(lepton)f(momen)m(ta)e(could)i(b)s(e)f(sligh)m(tly)g(c)m |
| | 14244 | (hanged,)50 b(but)c(no)m(w)458 2351 y(not.\))d(F)-8 b(urther,)32 |
| | 14245 | b(the)g Fq(LUBOEI)i Fw(routine)d(has)h(b)s(een)g(c)m(hanged)h(to)e(a)m |
| | 14246 | (v)m(oid)g(an)h(unin)m(ten)m(tional)458 2460 y(gap)h(in)f(the)h(limits) |
| | 14247 | c(of)j(the)h(v)m(ery)h(\014rst)f(bin.)360 2577 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14248 | b Fw(The)43 b(option)d Fq(LUEDIT\(16\))k Fw(\(used)e(e.g.)70 |
| | 14249 | b(from)40 b Fq(PYEVNT)p Fw(\))i(has)g(b)s(een)g(impro)m(v)m(ed)f(with)g |
| | 14250 | (a)458 2686 y(more)32 b(extensiv)m(e)j(searc)m(h)f(for)e(missing)f |
| | 14251 | (daugh)m(ter)i(p)s(oin)m(ters.)360 2803 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14252 | b Fw(The)37 b Fq(KLU\(I,16\))i Fw(pro)s(cedure)e(for)e(\014nding)h |
| | 14253 | (rank)g(has)g(b)s(een)h(rewritten)f(to)g(w)m(ork)h(in)e(the)458 |
| | 14254 | 2912 y(curren)m(t)42 b Fm(Jetset)d Fw(v)m(ersion,)44 |
| | 14255 | b(whic)m(h)d(it)e(did)h(not)g(b)s(efore.)68 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)44 |
| | 14256 | b(note)d(that)f(it)g(will)458 3020 y(only)d(w)m(ork)i(for)e |
| | 14257 | Fq(MSTU\(16\)=2)p Fw(.)60 b(As)38 b(a)g(general)f(commen)m(t,)h(the)g |
| | 14258 | (options)f(14{17)f(of)44 b Fq(KLU)458 3129 y Fw(w)m(ere)e(written)e(at) |
| | 14259 | h(a)f(time)f(when)i(p)s(ossible)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(histories)e(w)m(ere)i |
| | 14260 | (less)e(complex,)i(and)458 3237 y(can)33 b(not)g(b)s(e)g(guaran)m(teed) |
| | 14261 | g(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(to)f(w)m(ork)i(to)s(da)m(y)-8 b(.)119 |
| | 14262 | 3355 y(4.)49 b Fm(Jetset)31 b Fw(v)m(ersion)i(7.404,)f(25)g(August)i |
| | 14263 | (1994:)360 3472 y Fn(\017)48 b Fq(LUSHOW)g Fw(has)e(b)s(een)g |
| | 14264 | (corrected,)51 b(so)46 b(that)f(if)g(t,)k(l)c(or)g(h)h(quarks)h(\(or)e |
| | 14265 | (d)3140 3436 y Fk(\003)3225 3472 y Fw(or)h(u)3412 3436 |
| | 14266 | y Fk(\003)3497 3472 y Fw(quarks)458 3581 y(mask)m(ed)33 |
| | 14267 | b(as)g(l)e(or)h(h)g(ones\))h(are)f(giv)m(en)g(with)g(masses)h(that)f(v) |
| | 14268 | -5 b(ary)32 b(from)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(to)e(ev)m(en)m(t)i(\(a)458 |
| | 14269 | 3689 y(Breit-Wigner)k(shap)s(e,)j(e.g.\),)f(the)f(curren)m(t)h(mass)f |
| | 14270 | (rather)f(than)h(the)g(nominal)d(mass)j(is)458 3797 y(used)34 |
| | 14271 | b(to)e(de\014ne)i(the)f(cut-o\013)f(scales)i(of)e(parton)g(sho)m(w)m |
| | 14272 | (er)i(ev)m(olution.)360 3915 y Fn(\017)48 b Fq(LULOGO)40 |
| | 14273 | b Fw(has)f(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed)e(to)h(tak)m(e)h(in)m(to)f(accoun)m |
| | 14274 | (t)h(that)f(a)g(new)i Fm(Pythia/Jetset)458 4024 y Fw(description)33 |
| | 14275 | b(has)g(b)s(een)g(published)f(in)458 4132 y(T.)i(Sj\177)-49 |
| | 14276 | b(ostrand,)32 b(Computer)h(Ph)m(ys.)45 b(Comm)m(un.)e |
| | 14277 | Fo(82)33 b Fw(\(1994\))e(74)458 4240 y(and)i(is)f(from)g(no)m(w)h(on)f |
| | 14278 | (the)h(standard)g(reference)h(to)f(these)h(t)m(w)m(o)f(programs.)119 |
| | 14279 | 4358 y(5.)49 b Fm(Jetset)31 b Fw(v)m(ersion)i(7.405,)f(27)g(Jan)m(uary) |
| | 14280 | i(1995:)360 4476 y Fn(\017)48 b Fq(LUCELL)27 b Fw(has)e(b)s(een)g |
| | 14281 | (corrected,)j(in)c(that)g(in)g(the)h(option)f(with)g(smearing)f(of)i |
| | 14282 | (energy)g(rather)458 4584 y(than)37 b(transv)m(erse)h(energy)-8 |
| | 14283 | b(,)38 b(the)f(con)m(v)m(ersion)g(factor)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)e(t)m |
| | 14284 | (w)m(o)h(w)m(as)g(applied)e(in)458 4693 y(the)e(wrong)g(direction.)360 |
| | 14285 | 4810 y Fn(\017)48 b Fq(LUSHOW)33 b Fw(has)d(b)s(een)i(corrected)f(in)f |
| | 14286 | (one)h(place)f(where)i(the)f(PMTH)g(arra)m(y)g(w)m(as)h(addressed)458 |
| | 14287 | 4919 y(with)38 b(the)g(wrong)g(order)g(of)f(the)h(indices.)59 |
| | 14288 | b(This)38 b(a\013ected)g(quark)h(mass)e(corrections)h(in)458 |
| | 14289 | 5027 y(the)33 b(matc)m(hing)f(to)g(the)h(three-jet)g(matrix)e(elemen)m |
| | 14290 | (ts.)360 5145 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(An)38 b(additional)d(c)m(hec)m(k)40 |
| | 14291 | b(has)e(b)s(een)h(included)e(in)g Fq(LUBOEI)i Fw(that)f(there)g(are)g |
| | 14292 | (at)f(least)h(t)m(w)m(o)458 5253 y(particles)k(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed)h(in)e |
| | 14293 | (the)i(Bose-Einstein)f(e\013ects.)73 b(\(No)42 b(problem)f(except)j(in) |
| | 14294 | e(some)458 5362 y(bizarre)33 b(situations.\))119 5479 |
| | 14295 | y(6.)49 b Fm(Jetset)31 b Fw(v)m(ersion)i(7.406,)f(20)g(F)-8 |
| | 14296 | b(ebruary)33 b(1995:)360 5597 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)c(new)h(option)e(has) |
| | 14297 | h(b)s(een)g(added)h(for)e(the)h(b)s(eha)m(viour)g(of)f(the)h(running)g |
| | 14298 | Fj(\013)3368 5612 y Fl(em)3462 5597 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)3577 |
| | 14299 | 5561 y Fl(2)3617 5597 y Fw(\))f(in)1841 5953 y(24)p eop |
| | 14300 | %%Page: 25 31 |
| | 14301 | 25 30 bop 458 -18 a Fq(ULALEM)p Fw(.)25 b(This)e(is)f(not)h(added)h(as) |
| | 14302 | f(a)f(true)h(ph)m(ysics)i(scenario,)g(but)e(only)f(to)h(pro)s(duce)g |
| | 14303 | (results)458 90 y(with)g(a)h(giv)m(en,)h(\014xed)g(v)-5 |
| | 14304 | b(alue)22 b(for)h(the)h(hard)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)28 b(while)23 |
| | 14305 | b(still)e(k)m(eeping)j(the)f(con)m(v)m(en)m(tional)458 |
| | 14306 | 198 y(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(in)g(the)h Fj(Q)1075 162 y Fl(2)1145 |
| | 14307 | 198 y Fw(=)c(0)j(limit.)45 b(See)36 b Fq(MSTU\(101\))p |
| | 14308 | Fw(,)h Fq(PARU\(103\))p Fw(,)g Fq(PARU\(104\))p Fw(.)51 |
| | 14309 | b(Addition-)458 307 y(ally)-8 b(,)31 b(the)i Fj(G)909 |
| | 14310 | 322 y Fl(F)992 307 y Fw(constan)m(t)h(has)e(b)s(een)i(added)f(to)f(the) |
| | 14311 | h(parameter)f(list,)g(see)h Fq(PARU\(105\))p Fw(.)360 |
| | 14312 | 424 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)34 b(LULOGO)e(routine)g(has)h(b)s(een)g(up)s |
| | 14313 | (dated)g(to)f(re\015ect)i(m)m(y)f(c)m(hange)g(of)f(a\016liation.)119 |
| | 14314 | 542 y(7.)49 b Fm(Jetset)31 b Fw(v)m(ersion)i(7.407,)f(21)g(June)i |
| | 14315 | (1995:)360 660 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Header)f(and)f Fq(LULOGO)h |
| | 14316 | Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)e(up)s(dated)h(with)e(resp)s(ect)i(to)f(phone)g |
| | 14317 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(and)458 768 y(WWW)34 b(access.)360 |
| | 14318 | 886 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)30 b Fq(PHEP)g Fw(and)f Fq(VHEP)h |
| | 14319 | Fw(v)-5 b(ariables)27 b(in)h(the)i Fq(/HEPEVT/)g Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m |
| | 14320 | (k)g(are)h(no)m(w)h(assumed)458 994 y(to)45 b(b)s(e)h(in)e |
| | 14321 | Fq(DOUBLE)53 b(PRECISION)p Fw(,)47 b(in)e(accord)g(with)g(the)h(prop)s |
| | 14322 | (osed)f(LEP)h(2)f(w)m(orkshop)458 1103 y(addendum)33 |
| | 14323 | b(to)g(the)g(standard.)360 1221 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(In)33 |
| | 14324 | b Fq(LUTEST)h Fw(a)f(missing)e(decimal)f(p)s(oin)m(t)i(on)h(the)g |
| | 14325 | (energy)g(c)m(hec)m(k)i(has)e(b)s(een)g(reinstated.)360 |
| | 14326 | 1338 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(In)33 b Fq(LUINDF)h Fw(an)f(expression)h(has)f |
| | 14327 | (b)s(een)g(protected)h(against)d(v)-5 b(anishing)32 b(denominator.)119 |
| | 14328 | 1456 y(8.)49 b Fm(Jetset)31 b Fw(v)m(ersion)i(7.408,)f(23)g(August)i |
| | 14329 | (1995:)360 1574 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Chec)m(k)35 b(against)d(division)f(b) |
| | 14330 | m(y)i(zero)g(in)f Fq(LUSHOW)p Fw(.)119 1692 y(9.)49 b |
| | 14331 | Fm(Jetset)31 b Fw(v)m(ersion)i(7.409,)f(21)g(Marc)m(h)i(1996:)360 |
| | 14332 | 1809 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Default)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)h(MSTJ\(50\))h |
| | 14333 | (c)m(hanged)h(from)d(0)h(to)h(3;)f(this)g(ough)m(t)h(to)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 14334 | (b)s(een)f(done)458 1918 y(already)37 b(in)e(v)m(ersion)j(00)e(but)h |
| | 14335 | (seems)g(to)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)g(forgotten.)55 b(It)36 |
| | 14336 | b(a\013ects)i(wide-angle)458 2026 y(QCD)33 b(radiation)d(in)i(hadron)h |
| | 14337 | (collisions.)70 2144 y(10.)49 b Fm(Jetset)31 b Fw(v)m(ersion)i(7.410,)f |
| | 14338 | (20)g(Jan)m(uary)i(1997:)360 2262 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Correction)30 |
| | 14339 | b(for)f(bug)g(in)g Fq(LUZDIS)p Fw(;)i(in)d(principle)g(sev)m(ere)k(but) |
| | 14340 | e(for)f(a)g(com)m(bination)e(that)i(in)458 2370 y(practice)k(is)f(not)h |
| | 14341 | (encoun)m(tered.)360 2488 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)34 b(Durham)d(distance) |
| | 14342 | i(measure)g(no)m(w)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b(in)i Fq(LUCLUS)p |
| | 14343 | Fw(.)360 2606 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)33 b(photon)g(from)e(initial-state)e |
| | 14344 | (radiation)h(is)i(not)h(included)f(in)g(the)h Fq(LUBOEI)h |
| | 14345 | Fw(rescaling.)360 2723 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Some)33 b(mo)s(di\014cations)d |
| | 14346 | (to)i(b)s(etter)h(handle)g(junctions.)0 2971 y Fo(3.1.2)112 |
| | 14347 | b(Up)s(dates)39 b(in)e(PYTHIA)e(5.7)0 3144 y Fw(The)g(up)s(dates)g |
| | 14348 | (from)d(v)m(ersion)j(5.6)e(to)h(5.7)f(are)h(all)e(minor,)h(and)h(just)g |
| | 14349 | (ab)s(out)g(an)m(y)g(program)f(that)h(ran)0 3252 y(with)i(v)m(ersion)h |
| | 14350 | (5.6)f(will)e(also)i(w)m(ork)h(with)f Fm(Pythia)h Fw(5.7.)55 |
| | 14351 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)39 b(as)e(for)f Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)g(it)g(should)g(b) |
| | 14352 | s(e)0 3361 y(noted)d(that)f(some)h(imp)s(ortan)m(t)d(default)i(v)-5 |
| | 14353 | b(alues)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(c)m(hanged.)145 3474 |
| | 14354 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(New)d(parametrizations)e(of)h(the)h(total)e(cross)j |
| | 14355 | (sections)f(of)g(hadronic)f(reactions,)k(based)d(in)244 |
| | 14356 | 3582 y(Donnac)m(hie{Landsho\013)32 b([Don92)o(],)h(whic)m(h)g(replace)g |
| | 14357 | (the)g(old)e(ones.)145 3700 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(New)38 |
| | 14358 | b(parametrizations)d(of)i(elastic)g(and)g(single)f(and)i(double)f |
| | 14359 | (di\013ractiv)m(e)g(cross)h(sections)g(of)244 3808 y(hadronic)d |
| | 14360 | (reactions,)i(based)g(on)f(Sc)m(h)m(uler{Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand)37 |
| | 14361 | b([Sc)m(h94)q(,)f(Sc)m(h93a],)h(whic)m(h)g(replace)f(the)244 |
| | 14362 | 3916 y(old)j(ones.)68 b(Also)40 b(the)h(slop)s(e)f(parameters,)i(the)f |
| | 14363 | (di\013ractiv)m(e)f(mass)g(distributions)f(and)h(other)244 |
| | 14364 | 4025 y(asp)s(ects)34 b(of)e(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generation)e(ha)m(v)m |
| | 14365 | (e)i(b)s(een)f(c)m(hanged)h(accordingly)-8 b(.)145 4143 |
| | 14366 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(A)33 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d(to)i(giv)m(e)h(o)m(wn)g |
| | 14367 | (total,)e(elastic)h(and)g(di\013ractiv)m(e)g(cross)i(sections.)145 |
| | 14368 | 4260 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)37 b(single)e(di\013ractiv)m(e)g(cross)i |
| | 14369 | (section)f(has)h(b)s(een)g(split)d(in)m(to)i(its)f(t)m(w)m(o)i |
| | 14370 | (constituen)m(ts,)h Fj(AB)h Fn(!)244 4369 y Fj(X)8 b(B)33 |
| | 14371 | b Fw(and)c Fj(AB)k Fn(!)27 b Fj(AX)8 b Fw(.)42 b(As)29 |
| | 14372 | b(a)f(consequence,)k(the)d(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(subpro)s(cess)j(co)s(des) |
| | 14373 | e(92{94)e(ha)m(v)m(e)244 4477 y(receiv)m(ed)34 b(c)m(hanged)f(meaning.) |
| | 14374 | 145 4595 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(A)35 b(new)h(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)i |
| | 14375 | Fq(PYINT7)i Fw(has)e(b)s(een)h(added)f(for)g(the)g(expanded)i(total)c |
| | 14376 | (cross)j(section)244 4703 y(information,)47 b(and)g(this)g(information) |
| | 14377 | d(has)j(b)s(een)h(partly)e(remo)m(v)m(ed)i(from)e(other)h(common)244 |
| | 14378 | 4812 y(blo)s(c)m(ks.)145 4929 y Fn(\017)i Fw(A)42 b(m)m(uc)m(h)h |
| | 14379 | (extended)h(description)e(of)g(photopro)s(duction)g(ph)m(ysics,)k(with) |
| | 14380 | c(the)h(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d(to)244 5038 y(sim)m(ulate)31 |
| | 14381 | b(separately)i(VMD,)f(anomalous)f(and)i(direct)f(pro)s(cesses)j([Sc)m |
| | 14382 | (h93)q(,)d(Sc)m(h93a)q(].)145 5156 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)35 |
| | 14383 | b(selection)e(of)h(proton)f(parton)h(distributions)f(that)g(come)h |
| | 14384 | (with)f(the)i(program)d(has)j(b)s(een)244 5264 y(up)s(dated)30 |
| | 14385 | b(with)f(the)h(CTEQ2)h(ones,)g(while)d(some)i(others)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s |
| | 14386 | (een)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)44 b(New)30 b(default)244 5372 |
| | 14387 | y(is)i(the)h(leading-order)e(\014t)h(CTEQ2L.)145 5490 |
| | 14388 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Since)25 b(the)h Fm(Pdflib)f Fw(library)f(no)m(w)i |
| | 14389 | (has)f(b)s(een)h(expanded)h(to)e(con)m(tain)g(also)f |
| | 14390 | (parton-distribution)244 5598 y(functions)32 b(for)g(the)h(photon,)g |
| | 14391 | (the)g(in)m(terfaces)g(to)f(the)h Fm(P)-9 b(akpdf)33 |
| | 14392 | b Fw(and)g Fm(Phopdf)g Fw(libraries)d(ha)m(v)m(e)1841 |
| | 14393 | 5953 y(25)p eop |
| | 14394 | %%Page: 26 32 |
| | 14395 | 26 31 bop 244 -18 a Fw(b)s(een)34 b(remo)m(v)m(ed.)47 |
| | 14396 | b(In)34 b(addition,)e(the)i(in)m(terface)g(to)f Fm(Pdflib)h |
| | 14397 | Fw(has)f(b)s(een)i(mo)s(di\014ed,)d(and)i(is)f(no)m(w)244 |
| | 14398 | 90 y(for)f(appropriate)g(for)g Fm(Pdflib)h Fw(v)m(ersion)g(4.)145 |
| | 14399 | 208 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(An)j(extension)h(of)e(hadron)h(parton)g |
| | 14400 | (distributions)f(in)m(to)g(the)h(lo)m(w-)p Fj(x)g Fw(and)g(lo)m(w-)p |
| | 14401 | Fj(Q)3429 171 y Fl(2)3519 208 y Fw(region)244 316 y([Sc)m(h93a].)145 |
| | 14402 | 434 y Fn(\017)d Fw(The)41 b(top)g(quark)g(can)g(b)s(e)f(made)g(to)h |
| | 14403 | (deca)m(y)h(b)s(efore)e(it)g(has)g(time)g(to)g(fragmen)m(t.)66 |
| | 14404 | b(In)41 b(view)g(of)244 542 y(the)d(curren)m(t)h(b)s(est)f(estimate)f |
| | 14405 | (for)g(the)h(top)g(mass,)h(this)e(is)g(the)i(exp)s(ected)g(b)s(eha)m |
| | 14406 | (viour,)g(and)f(is)244 650 y(therefore)45 b(no)m(w)g(default.)79 |
| | 14407 | b(F)-8 b(urther,)47 b(a)d(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(er)j(is)d(allo)m(w)m(ed)f |
| | 14408 | (to)h(ev)m(olv)m(e)i(in)e(the)h(top)244 759 y(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 14409 | b(.)70 b(Also)40 b(fourth)h(generation)f(quarks)j(are)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)f |
| | 14410 | (to)h(deca)m(y)h(b)s(efore)f(they)h(fragmen)m(t,)244 |
| | 14411 | 867 y(and)33 b(so)f(on.)145 985 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(It)42 |
| | 14412 | b(is)f(p)s(ossible)g(to)h(call)e Fq(PYEVNT)k Fw(with)d(energies)h(that) |
| | 14413 | g(v)-5 b(ary)42 b(from)f(one)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(to)d(the)h(next,)244 |
| | 14414 | 1093 y(without)32 b(the)h(need)h(to)e(reinitialize.)145 |
| | 14415 | 1211 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Impro)m(v)m(ed)32 b(sc)m(heme)h(for)d(p)s |
| | 14416 | (ost-factor)h(conserv)-5 b(ation)31 b(of)g Fj(x)g Fw(and)h |
| | 14417 | Fj(Q)2671 1175 y Fl(2)2742 1211 y Fw(in)e(deep)j(inelastic)c(scatter-) |
| | 14418 | 244 1319 y(ing.)145 1437 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Pro)s(cesses)34 |
| | 14419 | b(15,)d(19,)g(30)g(and)h(35)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)h(expanded)g(to)e |
| | 14420 | (co)m(v)m(er)i Fj(\015)2749 1401 y Fk(\003)2820 1437 |
| | 14421 | y Fw(pro)s(duction)e(in)f(addition)244 1546 y(to)i(the)h(Z)591 |
| | 14422 | 1509 y Fl(0)663 1546 y Fw(one,)g(with)f(full)f(in)m(terference.)145 |
| | 14423 | 1663 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(New)33 b(pro)s(cess)h(80,)e(q)p |
| | 14424 | Fj(\015)h Fn(!)28 b Fw(q)1274 1627 y Fk(0)1298 1663 y |
| | 14425 | Fj(\031)1357 1627 y Fk(\006)1415 1663 y Fw(.)145 1781 |
| | 14426 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(New)33 b(pro)s(cess)h(110,)e(f)p 1046 |
| | 14427 | 1702 37 4 v 7 w(f)i Fn(!)28 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(H)1367 1745 |
| | 14428 | y Fl(0)1406 1781 y Fw(.)145 1899 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(New)33 |
| | 14429 | b(pro)s(cess)h(149,)e(gg)d Fn(!)e Fj(\021)1311 1914 y |
| | 14430 | Fl(tec)n(hni)1501 1899 y Fw(.)145 2017 y Fn(\017)49 b |
| | 14431 | Fw(New)32 b(option)e(for)g(initial)e(state)j(radiation)e(to)i(restrict) |
| | 14432 | g(angular)f(range)h(of)g(emission)e(in)i(accor-)244 2125 |
| | 14433 | y(dance)i(with)f(coherence)j(considerations.)145 2243 |
| | 14434 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Some)34 b(options)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)h(added)f |
| | 14435 | (or)f(remo)m(v)m(ed,)i(and)e(default)g(v)-5 b(alues)34 |
| | 14436 | b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f(c)m(hanged.)244 2351 y(This)40 |
| | 14437 | b(includes)h Fq(KFIN)g Fw(\(top)g(parton)f(distributions)f(o\013)h(b)m |
| | 14438 | (y)h(default\),)h Fq(MSTP\(7\))p Fw(,)i Fq(MSTP\(11\))p |
| | 14439 | Fw(,)244 2460 y Fq(MSTP\(14\))p Fw(,)73 b Fq(MSTP\(23\))p |
| | 14440 | Fw(,)g Fq(MSTP\(30\))66 b Fw(\(remo)m(v)m(ed\),)72 b |
| | 14441 | Fq(MSTP\(31\))p Fw(,)136 b Fq(MSTP\(34\))p Fw(,)73 b |
| | 14442 | Fq(MSTP\(45\))p Fw(,)244 2568 y Fq(MSTP\(48\))p Fw(,)g |
| | 14443 | Fq(MSTP\(49\))p Fw(,)g Fq(MSTP\(62\))p Fw(,)f Fq(MSTP\(67\))p |
| | 14444 | Fw(,)h Fq(MSTP\(101\))p Fw(,)g Fq(PARP\(13\))p Fw(,)g |
| | 14445 | Fq(PARP\(81\))p Fw(,)244 2676 y Fq(PARP\(82\))p Fw(,)35 |
| | 14446 | b Fq(PARP\(47\))f Fw(and)f Fq(PARP\(101\))p Fw(.)145 |
| | 14447 | 2794 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(All)42 b(obsolescen)m(t)j(features)f(of)f(the)i |
| | 14448 | (F)-8 b(ortran)42 b(90)i(standard)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(remo)m(v)m |
| | 14449 | (ed,)k(i.e.)76 b(the)244 2902 y(program)36 b(should)h(w)m(ork)h(w)m |
| | 14450 | (ell)f(either)g(with)g(a)g(F)-8 b(ortran)36 b(77)h(compiler)f(or)h |
| | 14451 | (with)g(a)g(F)-8 b(ortran)36 b(90)244 3011 y(one.)145 |
| | 14452 | 3129 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(A)33 b(few)g(minor)d(errors)j(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s |
| | 14453 | (een)g(corrected.)146 3242 y(The)46 b(follo)m(wing)c(c)m(hanges)j(ha)m |
| | 14454 | (v)m(e)h(b)s(een)g(made)e(since)h(the)g(b)s(eginning)e(of)h(1994,)i |
| | 14455 | (i.e.)79 b(since)45 b(the)0 3350 y(original)29 b(distribution)i(5.700:) |
| | 14456 | 119 3463 y(1.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.701,)f(27)g(Jan)m |
| | 14457 | (uary)h(1994:)360 3581 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)28 b(mac)m(hinery)e(to)g |
| | 14458 | (handle)h Fj(\015)5 b(\015)31 b Fw(in)m(teractions)26 |
| | 14459 | b(is)g(expanded)i(to)e(the)h(lev)m(el)f(already)g(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 14460 | b(ail-)458 3689 y(able)29 b(for)g Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p.)43 |
| | 14461 | b(This)30 b(in)f(particular)f(means)h(that)h(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f |
| | 14462 | (new)i(options)e(app)s(ear)g(for)458 3797 y Fq(MSTP\(14\))p |
| | 14463 | Fw(.)60 b(A\013ected)39 b(are)e(also)f Fq(MINT\(105\))p |
| | 14464 | Fw(,)41 b Fq(MINT\(107\))p Fw(,)g Fq(MINT\(108\))p Fw(,)g |
| | 14465 | Fq(MINT\(109\))p Fw(,)458 3906 y Fq(VINT\(282\))30 b |
| | 14466 | Fw(\(remo)m(v)m(ed\),)f Fq(VINT\(283\))g Fw(and)e Fq(VINT\(284\))p |
| | 14467 | Fw(.)44 b(P)m(arametrizations)25 b(are)i(in)m(tro-)458 |
| | 14468 | 4014 y(duced)34 b(for)e(meson{meson)g(total,)f(elastic)g(and)i |
| | 14469 | (di\013ractiv)m(e)f(cross)h(sections,)g(needed)h(for)458 |
| | 14470 | 4122 y(the)41 b(VMD)e(part)h(of)f(the)h(photon.)65 b(The)40 |
| | 14471 | b(treatmen)m(t)g(of)f(cross)i(sections)f(for)f(hard)h(pro-)458 |
| | 14472 | 4231 y(cesses,)30 b(of)c(initial)c(state)27 b(radiation,)e(of)h(b)s |
| | 14473 | (eam)f(remnan)m(ts)i(and)f(of)g(other)g(asp)s(ects)h(are)f(also)458 |
| | 14474 | 4339 y(expanded)39 b(to)d(co)m(v)m(er)i(the)f(new)g(p)s(ossibilities.) |
| | 14475 | 52 b(A)37 b(\014rst)g(study)h(of)e(the)h(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)36 |
| | 14476 | b(ph)m(ysics)458 4448 y(asp)s(ects)e(is)e(found)h(in)f([Sc)m(h94a].)360 |
| | 14477 | 4565 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(An)37 b(option)f(is)f(in)m(tro)s(duced)i(to)f |
| | 14478 | (mo)s(dify)f(the)i Fj(Q)2227 4529 y Fl(2)2303 4565 y |
| | 14479 | Fw(scale)f(of)g(the)h(anomalous)e(part)h(of)g(the)458 |
| | 14480 | 4674 y(photon)d(parton)f(distributions,)g(see)h Fq(MSTP\(59\))i |
| | 14481 | Fw(and)e Fq(PARP\(59\))p Fw(.)360 4791 y Fn(\017)48 b |
| | 14482 | Fw(Correction)26 b(of)g(an)f(error,)j(where)f(the)f(generation)f(of)h |
| | 14483 | (jet)g(and)g(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)2985 4806 y Fk(?)3069 4791 |
| | 14484 | y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(could)e(giv)m(e)458 4900 y(incorrect)k(cross)i |
| | 14485 | (section)e(information)d(with)i Fq(PYSTAT\(1\))k Fw(at)d(lo)m(w)f |
| | 14486 | (energies.)44 b(The)31 b(ev)m(en)m(t)458 5008 y(generation)38 |
| | 14487 | b(itself)f(w)m(as)i(correct.)62 b(\(The)39 b(error)f(w)m(as)i(in)m(tro) |
| | 14488 | s(duced)e(as)h(a)f(consequence)j(of)458 5116 y(allo)m(wing)31 |
| | 14489 | b(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(energies.\))360 5234 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14490 | b Fw(A)28 b(rejection)g(is)f(in)m(tro)s(duced)h(for)f(top)h(ev)m(en)m |
| | 14491 | (ts)i(where)f(the)f(top)g(mass)f(\(selected)i(according)458 |
| | 14492 | 5343 y(to)k(a)f(Breit-Wigner\))f(is)h(to)s(o)g(lo)m(w)g(to)g(allo)m(w)f |
| | 14493 | (the)i(deca)m(y)h(in)m(to)e(a)g(W)i(on)f(the)g(mass)f(shell.)360 |
| | 14494 | 5460 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)34 b(correction)e(of)g(a)h(few)g(other)f |
| | 14495 | (minor)f(bugs,)j(probably)e(harmless.)119 5578 y(2.)49 |
| | 14496 | b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.702,)f(13)g(F)-8 b(ebruary)33 |
| | 14497 | b(1994:)1841 5953 y(26)p eop |
| | 14498 | %%Page: 27 33 |
| | 14499 | 27 32 bop 360 -18 a Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)24 b(in)m(terface)g(to)e |
| | 14500 | Fm(Pdflib)i Fw(has)f(b)s(een)h(mo)s(di\014ed)e(to)h(re\015ect)h(that)e |
| | 14501 | Fq(TMAS)j Fw(should)d(no)h(longer)458 90 y(b)s(e)37 b(set)h(except)g |
| | 14502 | (in)e(\014rst)h Fq(PDFSET)i Fw(call.)54 b(\(Else)37 b(a)f(h)m(uge)i |
| | 14503 | (amoun)m(t)e(of)g(irrelev)-5 b(an)m(t)36 b(w)m(arning)458 |
| | 14504 | 198 y(messages)e(are)f(generated)g(b)m(y)i Fm(Pdflib)p |
| | 14505 | Fw(.\))360 316 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)32 b Fq(STOP)f Fw(statemen)m(t)g |
| | 14506 | (in)f(a)g(few)h(dumm)m(y)f(routines)g(has)h(b)s(een)g(mo)s(difed)d(to)i |
| | 14507 | (a)m(v)m(oid)h(irrel-)458 424 y(ev)-5 b(an)m(t)34 b(compilation)29 |
| | 14508 | b(w)m(arning)j(messages)h(on)g(IBM)g(mainframes.)360 |
| | 14509 | 542 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)33 b(few)g(lab)s(els)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)g |
| | 14510 | (ren)m(um)m(b)s(ered.)119 660 y(3.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 |
| | 14511 | b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.703,)f(22)g(F)-8 b(ebruary)33 b(1994:)360 |
| | 14512 | 778 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Remo)m(v)-5 b(al)27 b(of)h(a)h(bug)f(in)g |
| | 14513 | Fq(PYRESD)p Fw(,)i(whic)m(h)f(could)f(giv)m(e)h(\(under)g(some)f(sp)s |
| | 14514 | (eci\014c)h(conditions\))458 886 y(errors)k(in)f(the)h(colour)f(\015o)m |
| | 14515 | (w.)119 1004 y(4.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.704,)f(7)g |
| | 14516 | (April)f(1994:)360 1122 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Pro)s(cess)32 |
| | 14517 | b(11)d(has)h(b)s(een)h(corrected,)g(for)f(the)g(part)f(that)h(concerns) |
| | 14518 | h(anomalous)d(couplings)458 1230 y(\(con)m(tact)37 b(in)m(teractions\)) |
| | 14519 | e(in)h(the)g(qq)1805 1194 y Fk(0)1863 1230 y Fn(!)d Fw(qq)2098 |
| | 14520 | 1194 y Fk(0)2159 1230 y Fw(pro)s(cess.)55 b(The)37 b(error)f(w)m(as)h |
| | 14521 | (presen)m(t)h(in)d(the)458 1349 y(expression)j(for)e(u)p |
| | 14522 | 1139 1270 55 4 v(d)f Fn(!)f Fw(u)p 1416 1270 V(d)j(and)g(ob)m(vious)f |
| | 14523 | (p)s(erm)m(utations,)h(while)f(ud)e Fn(!)g Fw(ud,)k(u)p |
| | 14524 | 3448 1296 V(u)d Fn(!)f Fw(u)p 3725 1296 V(u)458 1457 |
| | 14525 | y(and)f(the)g(others)g(w)m(ere)h(correct.)360 1575 y |
| | 14526 | Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)28 b(option)d(with)g(p)s(ost-facto)h(\()p |
| | 14527 | Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1829 1539 y Fl(2)1868 1575 y Fw(\))26 b(conserv)-5 |
| | 14528 | b(ation)26 b(in)g(deep)h(inelastic)d(scattering)i(can)458 |
| | 14529 | 1683 y(giv)m(e)33 b(in\014nite)e(lo)s(ops)h(when)i(applied)d(to)h(pro)s |
| | 14530 | (cess)i(83,)e(in)g(particular)e(if)i(one)g(asks)i(for)e(the)458 |
| | 14531 | 1792 y(pro)s(duction)i(of)g(a)g(top.)49 b(\(Remem)m(b)s(er)34 |
| | 14532 | b(that)h(the)f(standard)h(DIS)g(kinematics)e(is)h(de\014ned)458 |
| | 14533 | 1900 y(for)29 b(massless)g(quarks.\))44 b(Therefore)30 |
| | 14534 | b(the)g(switc)m(h)g Fq(MSTP\(23\))h Fw(has)e(b)s(een)h(mo)s(difed)d(so) |
| | 14535 | j(that)458 2008 y(b)m(y)k(default)e(only)g(pro)s(cess)i(10)e(is)g |
| | 14536 | (a\013ected.)360 2126 y Fn(\017)48 b Fq(PYRESD)41 b Fw(is)e(mo)s |
| | 14537 | (di\014ed)f(to)h(ensure)h(isotropic)e(angular)g(distributions)g(in)g |
| | 14538 | (the)i(deca)m(ys)h(of)458 2235 y(the)33 b(top)f(or)f(a)h(fourth)f |
| | 14539 | (generation)h(particle,)f(i.e.)42 b(in)31 b(t)d Fn(!)f |
| | 14540 | Fw(bW)2776 2198 y Fl(+)2836 2235 y Fw(.)43 b(This)32 |
| | 14541 | b(ma)m(y)g(not)g(b)s(e)g(the)458 2343 y(correct)40 b(distribution)d |
| | 14542 | (but,)k(unless)f(explicit)d(kno)m(wledge)j(exists)g(for)e(a)h(giv)m(en) |
| | 14543 | g(pro)s(cess,)458 2451 y(this)33 b(should)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(b)s(e)g(the) |
| | 14544 | g(default.)360 2569 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(In)32 b(pro)s(cesses)i(16,)e(20,) |
| | 14545 | f(31)g(and)h(36)f(the)h(W)h(propagator)e(has)h(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed) |
| | 14546 | f(to)g(include)458 2677 y Fj(s)p Fw(-dep)s(enden)m(t)41 |
| | 14547 | b(widths)e(in)e(the)j(Breit-Wigner)d(shap)s(e.)62 b(The)40 |
| | 14548 | b(most)e(notable)g(e\013ect)i(is)e(a)458 2786 y(suppression)c(of)e(the) |
| | 14549 | h(lo)m(w-mass)f(tail)f(of)h(the)h(W)h(mass)e(sp)s(ectrum.)360 |
| | 14550 | 2904 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(When)27 b Fm(Pdflib)f Fw(is)f(used,)j |
| | 14551 | Fq(PDFSET)f Fw(is)e(no)m(w)h(only)f(called)f(whenev)m(er)k(a)e |
| | 14552 | (di\013eren)m(t)f(structure)458 3012 y(function)34 b(is)g(requested.)50 |
| | 14553 | b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(pp)i(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(therefore)f(only)f(one)g(call)e |
| | 14554 | (is)i(made,)g(while)f Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)458 3120 y(in)m(teractions)34 |
| | 14555 | b(still)d(in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)j(a)g(call)e(to)h Fq(PDFSET)i |
| | 14556 | Fw(for)f(eac)m(h)g Fq(STRUCTM)i Fw(one,)e(since)h Fj(\015)j |
| | 14557 | Fw(and)c(p)458 3229 y(structure)k(functions)f(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 14558 | (called)e(alternatingly)-8 b(.)53 b Fq(MINT\(93\))38 |
| | 14559 | b Fw(is)e(used)i(to)e(k)m(eep)458 3337 y(trac)m(k)e(of)e(latest)g |
| | 14560 | (structure)i(function)e(called.)360 3455 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14561 | b Fw(In)28 b(a)e(few)h(places,)i(a)d(dot)h(has)g(b)s(een)h(mo)m(v)m(ed) |
| | 14562 | f(from)f(the)h(end)g(of)g(one)g(line)e(to)i(the)g(b)s(eginning)458 |
| | 14563 | 3563 y(of)i(the)g(next)h(con)m(tin)m(uation)e(line,)g(or)g(the)i(other) |
| | 14564 | e(w)m(a)m(y)j(around,)e(to)g(k)m(eep)h(together)f(tok)m(ens)458 |
| | 14565 | 3671 y(suc)m(h)35 b(as)d Fq(.EQ.)i Fw(or)e Fq(.AND.)p |
| | 14566 | Fw(,)i(since)f(some)f(debuggers)i(ma)m(y)f(otherwise)g(complain.)360 |
| | 14567 | 3789 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(minor)f(errors)i |
| | 14568 | (ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(corrected.)119 3907 y(5.)49 b |
| | 14569 | Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.705,)f(15)g(July)g(1994:)360 |
| | 14570 | 4025 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)36 b(completely)d(new)j(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d |
| | 14571 | (to)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h Fm(Pythia)f Fw(mix)f(di\013eren)m(t)h(allo)m(w)m(ed) |
| | 14572 | f(pro)s(cesses)458 4133 y(\(direct,)i(VMD)f(and)g(anomalous\))f(in)g |
| | 14573 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)36 b(and)f Fj(\015)5 b(\015)40 b Fw(in)m(teractions.) |
| | 14574 | 50 b(This)36 b(option)e(can)h(b)s(e)458 4241 y(accessed)45 |
| | 14575 | b(with)c Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(.)75 b(The)43 b(relev)-5 |
| | 14576 | b(an)m(t)41 b(ph)m(ysics)j(description)d(and)h(program-)458 |
| | 14577 | 4350 y(ming)h(details)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)f(found)h(in)e(sections)i(7.7.2) |
| | 14578 | f(and)h(8.3.2.)78 b(This)45 b(facilit)m(y)d(is)i(still)458 |
| | 14579 | 4458 y(not)29 b(de\014nitiv)m(e,)h(in)f(that)f(it)g(is)h(hop)s(ed)g(to) |
| | 14580 | g(gradually)e(enhance)k(it)d(with)g(further)i(features.)458 |
| | 14581 | 4567 y(The)c(cross-section)f(output)f(of)g(the)h Fq(PYSTAT)g |
| | 14582 | Fw(has)g(b)s(een)g(expanded)h(to)e(re\015ect)h(the)g(further)458 |
| | 14583 | 4675 y(sub)s(division)32 b(of)g(the)h(total)e(cross)j(section.)360 |
| | 14584 | 4793 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)k(new)f(facilit)m(y)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(has)f |
| | 14585 | (required)h(a)f(ma)5 b(jor)49 b(restructuring)i(of)e(some)h(of)g(the) |
| | 14586 | 458 4901 y(co)s(de:)70 b(the)46 b(routine)f Fq(PYEVKI)i |
| | 14587 | Fw(has)f(b)s(een)g(remo)m(v)m(ed,)k(new)c(routines)g |
| | 14588 | Fq(PYINBM)p Fw(,)h Fq(PYINPR)458 5009 y Fw(and)41 b Fq(PYSAVE)g |
| | 14589 | Fw(created,)i(and)d(some)f(material)f(has)i(b)s(een)h(mo)m(v)m(ed)f(to) |
| | 14590 | g(or)f(from)g Fq(PYINIT)p Fw(,)458 5118 y Fq(PYINRE)g |
| | 14591 | Fw(and)e Fq(PYINKI)p Fw(.)h(New)g(v)-5 b(ariables)36 |
| | 14592 | b(include)g Fq(MSTI\(9\))p Fw(,)k Fq(MINT\(121\))p Fw(,)g |
| | 14593 | Fq(MINT\(122\))p Fw(,)458 5226 y Fq(MINT\(123\))35 b |
| | 14594 | Fw(and)e Fq(VINT\(285\))p Fw(.)360 5344 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14595 | b Fw(The)38 b(GR)-11 b(V)37 b(leading-order)e(dynamically)g(generated)i |
| | 14596 | (parton)g(distributions)f(for)g(the)h(p)458 5452 y(and)c |
| | 14597 | Fj(\031)k Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)c(b)s(een)h(included)e(as)h(options,)f(see)i |
| | 14598 | Fq(MSTP\(51\))g Fw(and)f Fq(MSTP\(53\))p Fw(.)360 5570 |
| | 14599 | y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)32 b(parametrization)c(of)j(the)h(homogeneous)f |
| | 14600 | (solution)f(to)h(the)g(anomalous)f(photon)h(par-)1841 |
| | 14601 | 5953 y(27)p eop |
| | 14602 | %%Page: 28 34 |
| | 14603 | 28 33 bop 458 -18 a Fw(ton)33 b(distributions)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)f |
| | 14604 | (added)g(as)g(an)g(option,)e(see)j Fq(MSTP\(56\)=3)p |
| | 14605 | Fw(.)360 99 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)35 b(treatmen)m(t)e(of)g(the)h |
| | 14606 | (anomalous)e(photon)h(comp)s(onen)m(t)h(can)f(b)s(e)h(mo)s(di\014ed)e |
| | 14607 | (with)h(the)458 208 y(new)h(switc)m(h)f Fq(MSTP\(15\))h |
| | 14608 | Fw(and)f(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b Fq(PARP\(17\))p Fw(;)35 |
| | 14609 | b(at)d(the)h(same)f(time)f Fq(MSTP\(59\))j Fw(and)458 |
| | 14610 | 316 y Fq(PARP\(59\))i Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)e(remo)m(v)m(ed.)48 |
| | 14611 | b(The)35 b(new)g(options)e(are)h(mainly)e(in)m(tended)i(for)g(com-)458 |
| | 14612 | 424 y(parativ)m(e)f(studies)g(and)g(should)f(not)h(normally)d(b)s(e)j |
| | 14613 | (touc)m(hed.)360 542 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)31 b(option)e |
| | 14614 | Fq(MSTP\(92\)=5)j Fw(for)d(b)s(eam)g(remnan)m(t)h(treatmen)m(t)g |
| | 14615 | (erroneously)g(missed)g(some)458 650 y(statemen)m(ts)45 |
| | 14616 | b(whic)m(h)g(no)m(w)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)e(inserted.)78 |
| | 14617 | b(F)-8 b(urther,)47 b(new)e(options)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)458 |
| | 14618 | 759 y(added)36 b(for)f(the)g(b)s(eam)g(remnan)m(t)g(splitting)e(of)i |
| | 14619 | (momen)m(tum)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(a)e(hadron)g(and)h(a)458 |
| | 14620 | 867 y(quark/diquark)29 b(jet,)f(where)h Fq(MSTP\(94\))h |
| | 14621 | Fw(should)d(no)m(w)h(b)s(e)g(used)g(rather)g(than)f Fq(MSTP\(92\))p |
| | 14622 | Fw(.)360 985 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(In)29 b Fq(PYDIFF)h Fw(the)f(recoiling)d |
| | 14623 | (gluon)i(energy)h(is)f(calculated)g(in)f(a)h(n)m(umerically)f(more)h |
| | 14624 | (stable)458 1093 y(fashion.)119 1211 y(6.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 |
| | 14625 | b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.706,)f(25)g(August)h(1994:)360 1329 |
| | 14626 | y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(New)43 b(pro)s(cesses)g(167)d(and)i(168,)g(qq)1821 |
| | 14627 | 1293 y Fk(0)1888 1329 y Fn(!)g Fw(q)2081 1293 y Fk(00)2124 |
| | 14628 | 1329 y Fw(d)2178 1293 y Fk(\003)2259 1329 y Fw(and)f(qq)2559 |
| | 14629 | 1293 y Fk(0)2626 1329 y Fn(!)h Fw(q)2819 1293 y Fk(00)2862 |
| | 14630 | 1329 y Fw(d)2916 1293 y Fk(\003)2955 1329 y Fw(,)i(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely) |
| | 14631 | -8 b(,)44 b(ha)m(v)m(e)458 1437 y(b)s(een)i(in)m(tro)s(duced.)79 |
| | 14632 | b(These)46 b(con)m(tact)f(in)m(teraction)f(pro)s(duction)f(pro)s |
| | 14633 | (cesses)k(of)d(excited)458 1546 y(quarks)31 b(complemen)m(t)e(the)h |
| | 14634 | (quark{gluon)f(fusion)f(ones)j(in)d(pro)s(cesses)k(147)c(and)i(148,)f |
| | 14635 | (and)458 1654 y(ob)s(ey)34 b(the)f(same)f(general)g(rules,)h(see)g |
| | 14636 | (section)g(8.5.5.)360 1772 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)39 b(option)e |
| | 14637 | Fq(MSTP\(57\)=3)k Fw(no)m(w)e(also)e(allo)m(ws)g(a)h(damp)s(ening)f(of) |
| | 14638 | g Fj(\031)2999 1736 y Fk(\006)3096 1772 y Fw(parton)h(distribu-)458 |
| | 14639 | 1880 y(tions.)360 1998 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)33 b(few)g(minor)e(errors)i |
| | 14640 | (ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(corrected.)119 2116 y(7.)49 b |
| | 14641 | Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.707,)f(20)g(Octob)s(er)g(1994:)360 |
| | 14642 | 2233 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)32 b(ma)5 b(jor)30 b(bug)i(disco)m(v)m(ered)h |
| | 14643 | (in)e(pro)s(cesses)i(121)e(and)g(122)g(\(and)g(th)m(us)i(also)d |
| | 14644 | (a\013ecting)h(181,)458 2351 y(182,)45 b(186)d(and)h(187\),)h(gg\(q)p |
| | 14645 | 1509 2298 52 4 v(q)q(\))h Fn(!)f Fw(Q)p 1864 2273 76 |
| | 14646 | 4 v(QH:)64 b(the)43 b(kinematics)f(w)m(as)h(incorrectly)g(handed)458 |
| | 14647 | 2460 y(on)f(to)g(the)g(Kunszt)h(matrix)d(elemen)m(ts.)72 |
| | 14648 | b(This)42 b(a\013ected)h(the)g(default)e(option)g(Q)i(=)g(t,)458 |
| | 14649 | 2568 y(but)i(e\013ects)h(w)m(ere)g(esp)s(ecially)e(dramatic)f(when)i |
| | 14650 | (the)g(alternativ)m(e)f(Q)k(=)g(b)d(w)m(as)g(used.)458 |
| | 14651 | 2676 y(The)32 b(c)m(hoice)e(of)g(appropriate)g Fj(Q)1654 |
| | 14652 | 2640 y Fl(2)1724 2676 y Fw(scale)g(for)g(structure)h(functions)f(in)m |
| | 14653 | (tro)s(duces)h(a)f(further)458 2785 y(uncertain)m(t)m(y)k(in)e(cross)h |
| | 14654 | (sections)g(for)f(the)h(pro)s(cesses)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)44 |
| | 14655 | b(So)33 b(long)e(as)i(only)f(t)g(quarks)458 2893 y(are)e(considered,)g |
| | 14656 | (the)g(t)f(mass)g(is)g(a)g(reasonable)g(c)m(hoice,)h(but)g(for)e(the)i |
| | 14657 | (Q)d(=)h(b)h(alternativ)m(e)458 3001 y(this)42 b(is)f(presumably)g(to)s |
| | 14658 | (o)g(lo)m(w.)70 b(Therefore)42 b(new)h(options)d(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)g |
| | 14659 | (in)m(tro)s(duced)e(in)458 3110 y Fq(MSTP\(39\))p Fw(,)35 |
| | 14660 | b(with)d(the)h(default)f(b)s(eha)m(viour)h(c)m(hanged.)360 |
| | 14661 | 3227 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Another)30 b(imp)s(ortan)m(t)c(bug)j(corrected)h |
| | 14662 | (in)d(the)i(calculation)d(of)j(the)g(reduction)f(of)g(t)p |
| | 14663 | 3506 3156 38 4 v(t)h(cross)458 3336 y(section)24 b(when)g(deca)m(y)h |
| | 14664 | (mo)s(des)e(are)h(forced.)40 b(This)24 b(o)s(ccured)g(when)h(b)s(oth)e |
| | 14665 | (t)g(and)p 3325 3265 V 23 w(t)h(pro)s(duced)458 3444 |
| | 14666 | y(a)33 b(W)q(,)g(and)g(W)992 3408 y Fl(+)1084 3444 y |
| | 14667 | Fw(and)f(W)1374 3408 y Fk(\000)1467 3444 y Fw(deca)m(y)i(mo)s(des)e(w)m |
| | 14668 | (ere)i(set)f(di\013eren)m(tly)-8 b(.)119 3562 y(8.)49 |
| | 14669 | b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.708,)f(25)g(Octob)s(er)g(1994:)360 |
| | 14670 | 3680 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)40 b(few)f(further)g(places)g(c)m(hanged)h(to) |
| | 14671 | f(mak)m(e)g(pro)s(cesses)i(181,)f(182,)g(186)e(and)h(187)g(w)m(ork)458 |
| | 14672 | 3788 y(\(see)34 b(v)m(ersion)f(5.707)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e\).)119 |
| | 14673 | 3906 y(9.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.709,)f(26)g(Octob)s(er) |
| | 14674 | g(1994:)360 4024 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)33 b(matrix)e(elemen)m(t)g(for)h |
| | 14675 | (f)p 1520 3945 37 4 v 7 w(f)i Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)1812 3988 |
| | 14676 | y Fl(+)1872 4024 y Fw(W)1973 3988 y Fk(\000)2064 4024 |
| | 14677 | y Fw(has)33 b(b)s(een)f(replaced,)h(using)e(the)i(form)m(ulae)d(of)458 |
| | 14678 | 4132 y(D.)47 b(Bardin,)j(M.)e(Bilenky)-8 b(,)50 b(D.)d(Lehner,)52 |
| | 14679 | b(A.)47 b(Olc)m(hevski)h(and)f(T.)h(Riemann,)h(CERN-)458 |
| | 14680 | 4240 y(TH.7295/94,)458 4361 y(but)g(with)f(the)h(dep)s(endence)i(on)e |
| | 14681 | (the)1951 4343 y(^)1950 4361 y Fj(t)f Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)47 |
| | 14682 | b(not)h(in)m(tegrated)h(out)f(\(D.)g(Bardin,)458 4469 |
| | 14683 | y(priv)-5 b(ate)41 b(comm)m(unication\).)69 b(This)41 |
| | 14684 | b(a)m(v)m(oids)h(some)g(problems)f(encoun)m(tered)j(in)c(the)i(old)458 |
| | 14685 | 4578 y(expressions)35 b(when)f(one)e(or)h(b)s(oth)f(W)q('s)i(w)m(ere)g |
| | 14686 | (far)e(o\013)g(the)h(mass)f(shell.)360 4696 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14687 | b Fw(Change)35 b(in)f(calls)f(to)g Fm(Pdflib)p Fw(,)i(so)g(that)f(the)g |
| | 14688 | (input)g Fj(Q)g Fw(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(at)f(least)f(the)i |
| | 14689 | Fj(Q)3545 4711 y Fl(min)3701 4696 y Fw(of)458 4804 y(the)e(resp)s |
| | 14690 | (ectiv)m(e)i(set.)360 4922 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Extra)34 |
| | 14691 | b(protection)e(against)f(in\014nite)h(lo)s(ops)f(in)h(PYSSP)-8 |
| | 14692 | b(A.)70 5040 y(10.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.710,)f(27)g |
| | 14693 | (Jan)m(uary)h(1995:)360 5157 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)37 |
| | 14694 | b(dimensions)d(of)h(the)g Fq(HGZ)h Fw(arra)m(y)g(in)e |
| | 14695 | Fq(PYRESD)j Fw(has)f(b)s(een)g(expanded)g(to)f(a)m(v)m(oid)g(acci-)458 |
| | 14696 | 5266 y(den)m(tal)e(writing)e(outside)h(the)h(b)s(ounds.)360 |
| | 14697 | 5383 y Fn(\017)48 b Fq(VINT\(41\)-VINT\(66\))29 b Fw(are)24 |
| | 14698 | b(sa)m(v)m(ed)i(and)e(restored)i(in)d Fq(PYSCAT)p Fw(,)j(for)d(use)i |
| | 14699 | (in)f(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)3407 5398 y Fk(?)3489 5383 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)458 |
| | 14700 | 5492 y(when)34 b(b)s(eam)e(remnan)m(t)h(treatmen)m(t)f(has)h(failed)e |
| | 14701 | (\(with)h(nonzero)h Fq(MINT\(57\))p Fw(\).)360 5610 y |
| | 14702 | Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)41 b(routine)e Fq(PYSTGH)i Fw(has)f(b)s(een)g |
| | 14703 | (replaced)g(b)m(y)g(the)g(routine)f Fq(PYSTHG)p Fw(.)i(This)e(con)m |
| | 14704 | (tains)1841 5953 y(28)p eop |
| | 14705 | %%Page: 29 35 |
| | 14706 | 29 34 bop 458 -18 a Fw(an)39 b(impro)m(v)m(ed)g(parametrization)d(of)i |
| | 14707 | (the)h(homogeneous)g(ev)m(olution)e(of)i(an)f(anomalous)458 |
| | 14708 | 90 y(photon)c(from)e(some)i(giv)m(en)f(initial)d(scale.)46 |
| | 14709 | b(The)35 b(argumen)m(t)e Fq(NF)h Fw(of)f(the)h Fq(PYSTGH)h |
| | 14710 | Fw(routine)458 198 y(has)43 b(b)s(een)g(remo)m(v)m(ed;)k(no)m(w)c(\003) |
| | 14711 | f(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(automatically)38 b(con)m(v)m(erted)44 |
| | 14712 | b(to)e(the)h(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)458 307 y Fj(n)516 322 |
| | 14713 | y Fh(f)562 307 y Fw(-\015a)m(v)m(our)33 b(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 14714 | b(from)f(its)h(4-\015a)m(v)m(our)h(one,)g(at)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)i |
| | 14715 | (thresholds.)70 424 y(11.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.711,)f |
| | 14716 | (20)g(F)-8 b(ebruary)33 b(1995:)360 542 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14717 | b Fw(New)f(p)s(ossibilities)c(ha)m(v)m(e)k(b)s(een)f(added)h(to)e |
| | 14718 | (switc)m(h)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(electro)m(w)m(eak)f(couplings)458 |
| | 14719 | 650 y(b)s(eing)41 b(expressed)j(in)c(terms)h(of)g(a)g(running)g |
| | 14720 | Fj(\013)2222 665 y Fl(em)2316 650 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)2431 |
| | 14721 | 614 y Fl(2)2471 650 y Fw(\))g(or)g(in)f(terms)h(of)g(a)g(\014xed)h(F)-8 |
| | 14722 | b(ermi)458 759 y(constan)m(t)32 b Fj(G)927 774 y Fl(F)977 |
| | 14723 | 759 y Fw(.)43 b(This)31 b(a\013ects)h(b)s(oth)e(deca)m(y)i(widths)f |
| | 14724 | (and)g(pro)s(cess)h(cross)g(sections,)g(in)e(the)458 |
| | 14725 | 867 y(routines)g Fq(PYINRE)p Fw(,)h Fq(PYRESD)p Fw(,)g |
| | 14726 | Fq(PYWIDT)g Fw(and)e Fq(PYSIGH)p Fw(.)i(See)g Fq(MSTP\(8\))g |
| | 14727 | Fw(for)e(details;)g(default)458 976 y(corresp)s(onds)34 |
| | 14728 | b(to)f(old)e(b)s(eha)m(viour.)360 1093 y Fn(\017)48 b |
| | 14729 | Fw(The)i(option)d Fq(MSTP\(37\)=1)p Fw(,)56 b(with)48 |
| | 14730 | b(running)g(quark)h(masses)h(in)d(couplings)h(to)g(Higgs)458 |
| | 14731 | 1202 y(b)s(osons,)42 b(only)c(w)m(orks)i(when)h Fj(\013)1639 |
| | 14732 | 1217 y Fl(s)1709 1202 y Fw(is)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)h(run)g(\(so)g(one)g |
| | 14733 | (can)h(de\014ne)g(a)e(\003)h(v)-5 b(alue\).)458 1310 |
| | 14734 | y(Therefore)35 b(a)e(c)m(hec)m(k)j(has)d(b)s(een)h(in)m(tro)s(duced)g |
| | 14735 | (in)e Fq(PYWIDT)j Fw(and)f Fq(PYSIGH)h Fw(that)e(the)h(option)458 |
| | 14736 | 1418 y Fq(MSTP\(37\)=1)i Fw(is)c(only)g(executed)j(if)c(additionally)g |
| | 14737 | Fq(MSTP\(2\))p Fn(\025)f Fw(1.)360 1536 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14738 | b Fw(Some)29 b(non-ph)m(ysics)h(c)m(hanges)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)g |
| | 14739 | (made)e(in)h(the)g Fq(RKBBV)h Fw(and)f Fq(STRUCTM)i Fw(co)s(des)e(so) |
| | 14740 | 458 1644 y(as)k(to)f(a)m(v)m(oid)h(some)f(\(in)g(principle)f |
| | 14741 | (harmless\))h(compiler)f(w)m(arnings.)70 1762 y(12.)49 |
| | 14742 | b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.712,)f(15)g(Marc)m(h)h(1995:)360 |
| | 14743 | 1880 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)37 b(serious)h(error)e(has)i(b)s(een)f |
| | 14744 | (corrected)i(in)d(the)h Fq(MSTP\(173\)=1)j Fw(option,)d(i.e.)56 |
| | 14745 | b(when)38 b(the)458 1988 y(program)31 b(is)h(run)g(with)g |
| | 14746 | (user-de\014ned)i(w)m(eigh)m(ts)f(that)f(should)g(comp)s(ensate)h(for)f |
| | 14747 | (a)f(biased)458 2097 y(c)m(hoice)j(of)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31 |
| | 14748 | b(b)s(eam)i(energies.)46 b(This)33 b(b)s(oth)g(a\013ected)h(the)g |
| | 14749 | (relativ)m(e)e(admixture)h(of)458 2205 y(lo)m(w-)j(and)g(high-)p |
| | 14750 | Fj(p)1131 2220 y Fk(?)1224 2205 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(and)d(the)g(total)e |
| | 14751 | (cross)j(section)f(obtained)g(b)m(y)h(Mon)m(te)f(Carlo)458 |
| | 14752 | 2313 y(in)m(tegration.)42 b(\()p Fq(PYRAND)34 b Fw(c)m(hanged.\))360 |
| | 14753 | 2431 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(In)33 b(order)e(to)h(impro)m(v)m(e)f(the)h |
| | 14754 | (\015exibilit)m(y)e(and)i(e\016ciency)h(of)f(the)g(v)-5 |
| | 14755 | b(ariable-energy)30 b(option,)458 2540 y(the)49 b(user)g(should)g(no)m |
| | 14756 | (w)f(set)h Fq(PARP\(174\))i Fw(b)s(efore)d(the)h Fq(PYINIT)h |
| | 14757 | Fw(call,)h(and)d(thereafter)458 2648 y(not)36 b(c)m(hange)h(it.)53 |
| | 14758 | b(This)36 b(allo)m(ws)f Fq(PARP\(173\))j Fw(w)m(eigh)m(ts)f(of)f |
| | 14759 | (arbitrary)f(size.)54 b(\()p Fq(PYRAND)37 b Fw(and)458 |
| | 14760 | 2756 y Fq(PYMAXI)e Fw(c)m(hanged.\))360 2874 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14761 | b Fq(MSTI\(5\))d Fw(\(and)e Fq(MINT\(5\))p Fw(\))h(are)e(no)m(w)i(c)m |
| | 14762 | (hanged)f(so)g(they)h(coun)m(t)f(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(suc-)458 |
| | 14763 | 2982 y(cessfully)32 b(generated)g(ev)m(en)m(ts,)i(rather)d(than)g(the)h |
| | 14764 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)g(tries)g(made.)42 b(This)32 b(c)m(hange)458 |
| | 14765 | 3091 y(only)26 b(a\013ects)h(runs)g(with)f(v)-5 b(ariable)24 |
| | 14766 | b(energies,)k Fq(MSTP\(171\)=1)h Fw(and)e Fq(MSTP\(172\)=2)p |
| | 14767 | Fw(,)j(where)458 3199 y Fq(MSTI\(61\)=1)25 b Fw(signals)d(that)g(a)g |
| | 14768 | (user-pro)m(vided)h(energy)h(has)e(b)s(een)i(rejected)f(in)f(the)h(w)m |
| | 14769 | (eigh)m(t-)458 3307 y(ing.)40 b(This)24 b(c)m(hange)g(also)f(a\013ects) |
| | 14770 | h Fq(PARI\(2\))p Fw(,)j(whic)m(h)d(b)s(ecomes)g(the)g(cross)h(section)e |
| | 14771 | (p)s(er)h(fully)458 3416 y(generated)34 b(ev)m(en)m(t.)45 |
| | 14772 | b(\()p Fq(PYEVNT)34 b Fw(c)m(hanged.\))360 3534 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14773 | b Fw(The)30 b(option)e Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)k Fw(has)d(no)m(w)h(b)s(een)g |
| | 14774 | (extended)h(so)e(that)g(it)f(also)g(w)m(orks)i(for)e(deep)458 |
| | 14775 | 3642 y(inelastic)g(scattering)i(of)f(an)h(electron)f(o\013)g(a)h |
| | 14776 | (\(real\))e(photon,)j(i.e.)42 b(subpro)s(cess)31 b(10.)42 |
| | 14777 | b(What)458 3750 y(is)27 b(obtained)g(is)g(a)g(mixture)f(of)h(the)h |
| | 14778 | (photon)f(acting)f(as)i(a)f(v)m(ector)h(meson)f(and)h(it)e(acting)g(as) |
| | 14779 | 458 3859 y(an)i(anomalous)e(state.)43 b(This)28 b(should)g(therefore)g |
| | 14780 | (b)s(e)g(the)g(sum)g(of)g(what)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(obtained)458 |
| | 14781 | 3967 y(with)k Fq(MSTP\(14\)=2)i Fw(and)e Fq(=3)p Fw(.)44 |
| | 14782 | b(It)32 b(is)f(distinct)g(from)f Fq(MSTP\(14\)=1)35 b |
| | 14783 | Fw(in)c(that)g(di\013eren)m(t)h(sets)458 4075 y(are)e(used)g(for)f(the) |
| | 14784 | h(parton)f(distributions)f(|)h(in)f Fq(MSTP\(14\)=1)k |
| | 14785 | Fw(all)27 b(the)j(con)m(tributions)f(to)458 4184 y(the)f(photon)f |
| | 14786 | (distributions)e(are)i(lump)s(ed)f(together,)j(while)d(they)i(are)f |
| | 14787 | (split)e(in)h(VMD)h(and)458 4292 y(anomalous)g(parts)i(for)g |
| | 14788 | Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(.)45 b(Also)28 b(the)h(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(t)h |
| | 14789 | (treatmen)m(t)f(is)h(di\013er-)458 4400 y(en)m(t,)36 |
| | 14790 | b(with)e(a)h(simple)e(Gaussian)h(distribution)e(\(at)j(least)f(b)m(y)h |
| | 14791 | (default\))f(for)g Fq(MSTP\(14\)=1)458 4509 y Fw(and)e(the)h(VMD)f |
| | 14792 | (part)f(of)39 b Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(,)c(but)d(a)f(p)s(o)m(w)m(erlik)m |
| | 14793 | (e)i(distribution)c(d)p Fj(k)3362 4472 y Fl(2)3359 4533 |
| | 14794 | y Fk(?)3418 4509 y Fw(\))p Fj(=k)3559 4472 y Fl(2)3556 |
| | 14795 | 4533 y Fk(?)3647 4509 y Fw(b)s(e-)458 4617 y(t)m(w)m(een)49 |
| | 14796 | b Fq(PARP\(15\))f Fw(and)f Fj(Q)f Fw(for)g(the)h(anomalous)e(part)h(of) |
| | 14797 | 53 b Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(.)88 b(\()p Fq(PYINIT)p Fw(,)458 |
| | 14798 | 4725 y Fq(PYINPR)35 b Fw(and)d Fq(PYSTAT)i Fw(c)m(hanged.\))458 |
| | 14799 | 4834 y(T)-8 b(o)40 b(access)g(this)f(option)f(for)g(e)i(and)f |
| | 14800 | Fj(\015)44 b Fw(as)39 b(incoming)e(b)s(eams,)j(it)e(is)h(only)f |
| | 14801 | (necessary)k(to)458 4942 y(set)32 b Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)i |
| | 14802 | Fw(and)d(k)m(eep)h Fq(MSEL)g Fw(at)e(its)g(default)h(v)-5 |
| | 14803 | b(alue.)42 b(Unlik)m(e)30 b(the)i(corresp)s(onding)458 |
| | 14804 | 5050 y(option)37 b(for)g Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)38 b(and)g |
| | 14805 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)g Fw(,)39 b(no)f(cuts)h(are)e(o)m(v)m(erwritten,)k |
| | 14806 | (i.e.)58 b(it)37 b(is)g(still)f(the)i(resp)s(onsabil-)458 |
| | 14807 | 5159 y(it)m(y)45 b(of)g(the)h(user)g(to)f(set)h(these)g(appropriately) |
| | 14808 | -8 b(.)80 b(Those)47 b(esp)s(ecially)d(appropriate)g(for)458 |
| | 14809 | 5267 y(DIS)j(usage)h(are)f Fq(CKIN\(21\)-CKIN\(22\))52 |
| | 14810 | b Fw(or)46 b Fq(CKIN\(23\)-CKIN\(24\))52 b Fw(for)47 |
| | 14811 | b(the)g Fj(x)g Fw(range)458 5375 y(\(former)39 b(or)g(latter)f(dep)s |
| | 14812 | (ending)h(on)g(whic)m(h)h(side)g(is)e(the)i(incoming)d(real)h |
| | 14813 | (photon\),)j(and)458 5484 y Fq(CKIN\(35\)-CKIN\(36\))g |
| | 14814 | Fw(for)36 b(the)h Fj(Q)1768 5448 y Fl(2)1844 5484 y Fw(range.)56 |
| | 14815 | b(A)36 b(further)h(new)g(option)f(has)h(b)s(een)g(added)458 |
| | 14816 | 5592 y(\(in)32 b Fq(PYKLIM)p Fw(\))i(to)f(set)g(the)g |
| | 14817 | Fj(W)1534 5556 y Fl(2)1605 5592 y Fw(range)g(as)g(w)m(ell,)f(see)h |
| | 14818 | Fq(CKIN\(39\)-CKIN\(40\))p Fw(.)1841 5953 y(29)p eop |
| | 14819 | %%Page: 30 36 |
| | 14820 | 30 35 bop 458 -18 a Fw(A)28 b(w)m(arning)e(ab)s(out)h(the)g(usage)h(of) |
| | 14821 | 33 b Fm(Pdflib)28 b Fw(for)e(photons.)42 b(So)27 b(long)f(as)h |
| | 14822 | Fq(MSTP\(14\)=1)p Fw(,)k(i.e.)458 90 y(the)37 b(photon)e(is)h(not)f |
| | 14823 | (split)g(up,)i Fm(Pdflib)f Fw(is)f(accessed)j(b)m(y)g |
| | 14824 | Fq(MSTP\(56\)=2)h Fw(and)c Fq(MSTP\(55\))458 198 y Fw(the)41 |
| | 14825 | b(parton)f(distribution)e(set,)43 b(as)d(describ)s(ed)h(in)f(the)g(man) |
| | 14826 | m(ual.)65 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)45 b(when)c(the)458 307 |
| | 14827 | y(VMD)31 b(and)g(anomalous)e(pieces)i(are)g(split,)f(the)h(VMD)g(part)f |
| | 14828 | (is)h(based)g(on)g(a)f(rescaling)g(of)458 415 y(pion)g(distributions)e |
| | 14829 | (b)m(y)j(VMD)f(factors)h(\(except)g(for)f(the)g(SaS)g(sets,)i(that)e |
| | 14830 | (already)g(come)458 523 y(with)f(a)h(separate)g(VMD)f(piece\).)43 |
| | 14831 | b(Therefore,)31 b(to)e(access)i Fm(Pdflib)f Fw(for)f |
| | 14832 | Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(,)j(it)458 632 y(is)37 b(not)f(correct)i(to)e |
| | 14833 | (set)h Fq(MSTP\(56\)=2)j Fw(and)d(a)f(photon)h(distribution)e(in)h |
| | 14834 | Fq(MSTP\(55\))p Fw(.)58 b(In-)458 740 y(stead,)28 b(one)f(should)e(put) |
| | 14835 | h Fq(MSTP\(56\)=2)p Fw(,)k Fq(MSTP\(54\)=2)f Fw(and)d(a)f(pion)g |
| | 14836 | (distribution)f(co)s(de)i(in)458 848 y Fq(MSTP\(53\))p |
| | 14837 | Fw(,)35 b(while)d Fq(MSTP\(55\))j Fw(has)e(no)g(function.)44 |
| | 14838 | b(The)33 b(anomalous)e(part)i(is)f(still)f(based)458 |
| | 14839 | 957 y(on)i(the)g(SaS)g(parametrization,)d(with)i Fq(PARP\(15\))j |
| | 14840 | Fw(as)d(main)f(free)i(parameter.)360 1074 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14841 | b Fw(A)33 b(c)m(hange)h(has)f(b)s(een)g(made)f(in)g Fq(PYREMN)i |
| | 14842 | Fw(to)e(reduce)i(the)f(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e(of)h(in\014nite)f(lo)s(ops.) |
| | 14843 | 70 1192 y(13.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.713,)f(22)g(Marc)m |
| | 14844 | (h)h(1995:)360 1310 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)d(SaS)e(parton)g |
| | 14845 | (distributions)e(of)i(the)h(photons)f(are)g(no)m(w)h(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 14846 | b(ailable,)43 b(see)i([Sc)m(h95].)458 1418 y(There)33 |
| | 14847 | b(are)e(four)g(new)h(sets.)44 b(These)33 b(di\013er)d(in)h(that)f(t)m |
| | 14848 | (w)m(o)i(use)g(a)f Fj(Q)2889 1433 y Fl(0)2956 1418 y |
| | 14849 | Fw(=)d(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(6)j(GeV)g(and)g(t)m(w)m(o)458 1527 |
| | 14850 | y(a)36 b Fj(Q)620 1542 y Fl(0)694 1527 y Fw(=)d(2)j(GeV,)g(and)g(in)g |
| | 14851 | (that)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(use)g(the)f(DIS)g(and)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(the)p |
| | 14852 | 2954 1449 144 4 v 37 w(MS)f(con)m(v)m(en)m(tions)i(for)458 |
| | 14853 | 1635 y(the)h(dominan)m(t)e(non-leading)g(con)m(tributions.)60 |
| | 14854 | b(\(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)42 b(the)d(\014ts)g(are)f(formally)e(still)458 |
| | 14855 | 1743 y(leading-order,)24 b(in)f(that)h(not)f(all)f(next-to-leading)g |
| | 14856 | (con)m(tributions)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)g(included.\))458 |
| | 14857 | 1852 y(New)h(default)f(is)f(the)i(SaS)f(1D)f(set.)41 |
| | 14858 | b(F)-8 b(urthermore,)26 b(for)f(the)g(de\014nition)f(of)h |
| | 14859 | Fj(F)3254 1804 y Fh(\015)3240 1873 y Fl(2)3298 1852 y |
| | 14860 | Fw(,)h(additional)458 1960 y(terms)h(app)s(ear)g(that)f(do)g(not)h |
| | 14861 | (form)e(part)i(of)f(the)h(parton)f(distributions)f(itself.)40 |
| | 14862 | b(T)-8 b(o)27 b(partly)458 2068 y(tak)m(e)48 b(this)f(in)m(to)f(accoun) |
| | 14863 | m(t,)51 b(an)c(additional)d(doubling)i(of)g(the)h(p)s(ossibilities)d |
| | 14864 | (has)k(b)s(een)458 2177 y(included.)f(These)35 b(eigh)m(t)e(p)s |
| | 14865 | (ossibilites)f(can)i(b)s(e)f(accesed)j(with)d Fq(MSTP\(55\))p |
| | 14866 | Fw(.)49 b(The)34 b(default)458 2285 y(v)-5 b(alue)29 |
| | 14867 | b(of)36 b Fq(PARP\(15\))c Fw(has)e(b)s(een)g(c)m(hanged)g(from)e(0.5)h |
| | 14868 | (to)g(0.6)g(GeV,)h(for)f(consistency)i(with)458 2393 |
| | 14869 | y(SaS)i(1D.)458 2502 y(The)h(generic)e(routine)g Fq(PYSTFU)i |
| | 14870 | Fw(has)e(b)s(een)h(rewritten)g(to)f(handle)g(the)g(in)m(terfacing.)43 |
| | 14871 | b(The)458 2610 y(old)31 b(routines)g Fq(PYSTAG)p Fw(,)i |
| | 14872 | Fq(PYSTGS)p Fw(,)f Fq(PYDILN)h Fw(and)e Fq(PYSTHG)i Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s |
| | 14873 | (een)e(remo)m(v)m(ed.)44 b(Instead)458 2718 y(the)34 |
| | 14874 | b(routines)e(of)g(the)h Fm(SaSgam)g Fw(library)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)f |
| | 14875 | (inserted.)44 b(In)33 b(order)g(to)f(a)m(v)m(oid)h(an)m(y)458 |
| | 14876 | 2827 y(clashes,)41 b(the)d(routines)g Fq(SAS***)i Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)f(b)s |
| | 14877 | (een)g(renamed)f Fq(PYG***)p Fw(.)61 b(Th)m(us)40 b(new)f(routines)458 |
| | 14878 | 2935 y(are)33 b Fq(PYGGAM)p Fw(,)i Fq(PYGVMD)p Fw(,)g |
| | 14879 | Fq(PYGANO)p Fw(,)f Fq(PYGBEH)h Fw(and)e Fq(PYGDIR)p Fw(.)i(The)e |
| | 14880 | (common)f(blo)s(c)m(k)h Fq(SASCOM)458 3043 y Fw(is)e(renamed)g |
| | 14881 | Fq(PYINT8)p Fw(.)45 b(If)31 b(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)f(use)h(the)f |
| | 14882 | (parton)g(distributions)f(for)h(standalone)458 3152 y(purp)s(oses,)g(y) |
| | 14883 | m(ou)d(are)g(encouraged)g(to)g(use)g(the)h(original)24 |
| | 14884 | b Fm(SaSgam)k Fw(routines)g(rather)f(than)458 3260 y(going)32 |
| | 14885 | b(the)h(w)m(a)m(y)g(via)f(the)h Fm(Pythia)g Fw(adaptations.)360 |
| | 14886 | 3378 y Fn(\017)48 b Fq(PYDOCU)37 b Fw(has)e(b)s(een)g(corrected)h(so)f |
| | 14887 | (that)g Fq(PARI\(2\))h Fw(refers)g(to)e(the)i(full)c(cross)k(section)f |
| | 14888 | (for)458 3486 y Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)33 b(and)g Fj(\015)5 |
| | 14889 | b(\015)37 b Fw(pro)s(cesses,)e(rather)e(than)f(that)h(of)f(the)h |
| | 14890 | (latest)f(subpro)s(cess)j(considered.)360 3604 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14891 | b Fw(An)33 b(additional)d(c)m(hec)m(k)35 b(has)e(b)s(een)g(inserted)g |
| | 14892 | (in)m(to)f(PYREMN.)70 3722 y(14.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 b |
| | 14893 | Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.714,)f(22)g(Marc)m(h)h(1995:)360 3840 |
| | 14894 | y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Some)38 b(minor)d(mo)s(di\014cations)h(to)h |
| | 14895 | Fq(PYSTFU)i Fw(and)f Fq(PYGGAM)h Fw(in)e(the)h(w)m(ak)m(e)h(of)e(the)h |
| | 14896 | (c)m(hanges)458 3948 y(of)33 b(the)g(previous)g(v)m(ersion.)70 |
| | 14897 | 4066 y(15.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.715,)f(24)g(April)f |
| | 14898 | (1995:)360 4184 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(An)29 b(unfortunate)f(c)m(hoice)g(of) |
| | 14899 | g(default)f(v)-5 b(alues)28 b(has)g(b)s(een)h(corrected:)42 |
| | 14900 | b(the)28 b(old)f Fq(MSTP\(3\)=2)458 4292 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)28 |
| | 14901 | b(implied)e(that)i(\003)1324 4307 y Fl(QCD)1516 4292 |
| | 14902 | y Fw(w)m(as)i(en)m(tirely)e(based)h(on)f(the)h(\003)f(v)-5 |
| | 14903 | b(alue)28 b(of)g(the)h(proton)f(struc-)458 4400 y(ture)35 |
| | 14904 | b(function;)e(also)g(e.g.)47 b(for)34 b(e)1660 4364 y |
| | 14905 | Fl(+)1719 4400 y Fw(e)1762 4364 y Fk(\000)1855 4400 y |
| | 14906 | Fw(annihilation)c(ev)m(en)m(ts.)50 b(Th)m(us)35 b(the)f(\003)f(in)g |
| | 14907 | Fq(PARJ\(81\))458 4509 y Fw(w)m(as)e(o)m(v)m(erwritten,)g(i.e.)42 |
| | 14908 | b(did)30 b(not)f(k)m(eep)i(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(required)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 14909 | (standard)h(phenomenol-)458 4617 y(ogy)-8 b(,)40 b(whic)m(h)f(t)m |
| | 14910 | (ypically)d(ga)m(v)m(e)j(to)s(o)f(narro)m(w)g(jets.)61 |
| | 14911 | b(\(While)36 b(switc)m(hing)i(to)g Fq(MSTP\(3\)=1)i Fw(it)458 |
| | 14912 | 4725 y(w)m(ork)m(ed)26 b(\014ne.\))42 b(In)24 b(the)h(mo)s(di\014ed)e |
| | 14913 | (option)g Fq(MSTP\(3\)=2)k Fw(this)d(has)h(b)s(een)g(corrected,)i(to)d |
| | 14914 | (b)s(et-)458 4834 y(ter)37 b(agree)f(with)f(user)i(exp)s(ectations.)54 |
| | 14915 | b(Since)36 b(further)g(c)m(hanges)h(w)m(ere)g(made)f(in)f(v)m(ersion) |
| | 14916 | 458 4942 y(5.716,)d(w)m(e)i(refer)f(b)s(elo)m(w)f(for)g(additional)e |
| | 14917 | (commen)m(ts.)360 5060 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)42 b(form)e(for)h |
| | 14918 | Fq(PTMANO)p Fw(,)h(the)g Fj(p)1665 5075 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1882 |
| | 14919 | 5060 y Fw(for)f(anomalous)e(pro)s(cesses,)45 b(as)d(used)g(in)e |
| | 14920 | Fq(PYINPR)458 5168 y Fw(when)33 b(pro)s(cesses)h(are)e(mixed)f(for)g |
| | 14921 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)32 b(or)f Fj(\015)5 b(\015)37 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)d |
| | 14922 | (has)e(b)s(een)g(up)s(dated)h(to)e(matc)m(h)g(\(as)458 |
| | 14923 | 5276 y(w)m(ell)h(as)h(can)g(b)s(e)g(exp)s(ected\))h(the)f(SaS)g(1D)f |
| | 14924 | (photon)g(distributions.)70 5394 y(16.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 |
| | 14925 | b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.716,)f(30)g(June)h(1995:)360 5512 |
| | 14926 | y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)38 b(strategy)f(for)e(the)i(c)m(hanges)h(to)e |
| | 14927 | (\003)g(in)f(v)m(ersion)i(5.715)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s |
| | 14928 | (een)f(mo)s(di\014ed)458 5620 y(for)27 b(b)s(etter)h(transparency)-8 |
| | 14929 | b(.)43 b(No)m(w)29 b Fq(PARJ\(81\))h Fw(is)c(used)j(for)e(resonance)h |
| | 14930 | (deca)m(ys)h(\(including)1841 5953 y(30)p eop |
| | 14931 | %%Page: 31 37 |
| | 14932 | 31 36 bop 458 -18 a Fw(e.g.)80 b(Z)744 -55 y Fl(0)827 |
| | 14933 | -18 y Fw(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)49 b(from)43 b(whic)m(h)i(it)f(is)f |
| | 14934 | (determined\),)48 b(and)c Fq(PARP\(72\))j Fw(for)d(other)g(time-)458 |
| | 14935 | 90 y(lik)m(e)e(sho)m(w)m(ers.)74 b Fq(PARJ\(81\))44 b |
| | 14936 | Fw(is)e(not)g(o)m(v)m(erwritten)h Fq(for)52 b(MSTP\(3\)=2)p |
| | 14937 | Fw(,)47 b(but)42 b(only)f(for)h Fq(=3)p Fw(.)458 198 |
| | 14938 | y(Changes)34 b(a\013ect)f Fq(PYINIT)p Fw(,)h Fq(PYEVNT)g |
| | 14939 | Fw(and)f Fq(PYRESD)p Fw(.)360 316 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)33 |
| | 14940 | b(new)f(m)m(ultiplicativ)m(e)d(factor)i(has)i(b)s(een)g(in)m(tro)s |
| | 14941 | (duced)f(for)f(the)i Fj(Q)2940 280 y Fl(2)3011 316 y |
| | 14942 | Fw(scale)f(c)m(hoice)h(of)e(the)458 424 y(hard)d(scattering)f(in)f |
| | 14943 | Fq(PYSIGH)p Fw(,)j(a\013ecting)d(parton)h(distributions)f(and)h |
| | 14944 | Fj(\013)3103 439 y Fl(s)3135 424 y Fw(,)h(see)g Fq(PARP\(34\))p |
| | 14945 | Fw(.)360 542 y Fn(\017)48 b Fq(PYREMN)35 b Fw(has)e(b)s(een)g |
| | 14946 | (corrected)h(for)e(o)s(ccasional)f(to)s(o)g(large)h(b)s(o)s(ost)g |
| | 14947 | (factors.)360 660 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(An)33 b(error)g(in)f |
| | 14948 | Fq(PYSIGH)i Fw(for)e(pro)s(cess)i(148)d(has)i(b)s(een)h(corrected.)360 |
| | 14949 | 778 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)34 b Fq(MSTP\(62\)=1)h Fw(option)d(of)39 |
| | 14950 | b Fq(PYSSPA)34 b Fw(is)e(mo)s(di\014ed)f(to)h(a)m(v)m(oid)h(division)e |
| | 14951 | (b)m(y)i(zero.)360 896 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Header)34 b(has)f(b)s(een)g |
| | 14952 | (up)s(dated)g(with)f(WWW-information.)70 1013 y(17.)49 |
| | 14953 | b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.717,)f(23)g(August)h(1995:)360 |
| | 14954 | 1131 y Fn(\017)48 b Fq(MIN1)p Fw(,)29 b Fq(MIN2)p Fw(,)g |
| | 14955 | Fq(MAX1)p Fw(,)g Fq(MAX2)p Fw(,)g Fq(MINA)e Fw(and)g |
| | 14956 | Fq(MAXA)g Fw(in)f Fq(PYSIGH)i Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)f(had)g(an)f(extra)h |
| | 14957 | Fq(M)g Fw(pre\014xed)458 1239 y(to)33 b(a)m(v)m(oid)f(confusion)h(with) |
| | 14958 | f(F)-8 b(ortran)31 b(functions.)360 1357 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14959 | b Fw(Protect)34 b(against)d Fq(MDCY\(0,1\))k Fw(b)s(eing)d(accessed)j |
| | 14960 | (in)d Fq(PYSIGH)p Fw(.)360 1475 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Protect)34 |
| | 14961 | b(against)d Fq(THB=0)j Fw(in)e Fq(PYRAND)p Fw(.)360 1593 |
| | 14962 | y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Protect)34 b(against)d Fq(YSTMAX-YSTMIN)55 |
| | 14963 | b(=)c(0)33 b Fw(in)f Fq(PYSIGH)p Fw(.)360 1711 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 14964 | b Fw(Chec)m(k)29 b(for)d(mo)m(v)m(ed)g(lepto)s(quark)h(at)f(b)s |
| | 14965 | (eginning)e(of)33 b Fq(PYRESD)28 b Fw(just)f(lik)m(e)e(for)h(other)g |
| | 14966 | (particles)458 1819 y(with)33 b(colour.)70 1937 y(18.)49 |
| | 14967 | b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.718,)f(14)g(Septem)m(b)s(er)h(1995:) |
| | 14968 | 360 2055 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(The)32 b(protection)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 14969 | (against)f Fq(YSTMAX-YSTMIN)54 b(=)e(0)30 b Fw(in)g Fq(PYSIGH)h |
| | 14970 | Fw(turned)g(out)f(to)g(b)s(e)458 2163 y(\015a)m(w)m(ed:)51 |
| | 14971 | b(when)36 b(used)h(with)d(electron-inside-electron)g(structure)j |
| | 14972 | (functions)e(it)f(cut)i(out)458 2271 y(part)26 b(of)f(the)h(allo)m(w)m |
| | 14973 | (ed)f(phase)i(space)g(and)f(th)m(us)h(ga)m(v)m(e)f(to)s(o)f(lo)m(w)g(a) |
| | 14974 | h(cross)h(section)f(for)f(sev)m(eral)458 2380 y(e+e-)33 |
| | 14975 | b(pro)s(cesses.)46 b(This)32 b(is)g(no)m(w)i(corrected.)70 |
| | 14976 | 2497 y(19.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.719,)f(27)g(Octob)s |
| | 14977 | (er)g(1995:)360 2615 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)29 b(signi\014can)m(t)e(bug)h |
| | 14978 | (has)g(b)s(een)h(corrected)g(in)f(the)g(handling)f(of)g(structure)i |
| | 14979 | (functions)f(and)458 2723 y(phase)34 b(space)f(for)f(initial-state)c |
| | 14980 | (radiation)i(in)i(e)2233 2687 y Fl(+)2292 2723 y Fw(e)2335 |
| | 14981 | 2687 y Fk(\000)2395 2723 y Fw(.)43 b(This)33 b(bug)f(has)h(resulted)f |
| | 14982 | (in)g(ab)s(out)458 2832 y(5\045)f(to)s(o)e(large)g(cross)i(sections.)43 |
| | 14983 | b(\(This)30 b(is)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(for)g(W)h(pair)e(pro)s |
| | 14984 | (duction,)h(where)458 2940 y(the)38 b(problem)f(w)m(as)h(found,)h(but)f |
| | 14985 | (it)f(should)g(b)s(e)h(almost)e(pro)s(cess-indep)s(enden)m(t.\))60 |
| | 14986 | b(Since)458 3049 y(the)35 b(bug)g(resulted)g(from)e(a)h(`doublecoun)m |
| | 14987 | (ting')g(of)g(phase)h(space)h(for)e Fj(x)g Fw(v)m(ery)i(close)f(to)f |
| | 14988 | (1,)458 3157 y(it)i(also)f(ga)m(v)m(e)i(to)s(o)e(little)f |
| | 14989 | (initial-state)e(radiation,)j(b)m(y)i(ab)s(out)f(the)h(same)f(amoun)m |
| | 14990 | (t.)54 b(The)458 3265 y(problem)28 b(is)h(sp)s(eci\014c)h(to)e(the)i |
| | 14991 | (strongly)e(p)s(eak)m(ed)j(electron-inside-electron)c(distribution,)458 |
| | 14992 | 3374 y(and)33 b(so)g(do)s(es)g(not)f(a\013ect)h(e.g.)44 |
| | 14993 | b(pp)33 b(ph)m(ysics.)360 3491 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(There)g(is)e(also)g |
| | 14994 | (another)g(c)m(hange)i(in)d(cross)j(section)e(calculations.)84 |
| | 14995 | b(In)46 b Fm(Pythia)h Fw(the)458 3600 y(cross)40 b(section)e(of)g(a)g |
| | 14996 | (pro)s(cess)i(is)d(calculated)h(from)f(the)i(sum)f(of)g(cross-section)h |
| | 14997 | (w)m(eigh)m(ts)458 3708 y(for)f(all)d(phase)k(space)g(p)s(oin)m(ts)e |
| | 14998 | (selected)i(during)e(the)h(course)g(of)f(the)i(run.)59 |
| | 14999 | b(This)37 b(sum)h(is)458 3816 y(stored)h(in)e(single)g(precision,)i |
| | 15000 | (whic)m(h)f(is)f(normally)f(reasonable,)j(since)f Fm(Pythia)g |
| | 15001 | Fw(is)g(not)458 3925 y(really)f(in)m(tended)i(to)e(giv)m(e)h |
| | 15002 | (high-precision)e(cross)j(section)f(information.)57 b(In)38 |
| | 15003 | b(v)m(ery)i(long)458 4033 y(runs,)f(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)h(this)c(giv)m |
| | 15004 | (es)h(problems)e(when)j(a)e(single)f(small)f(w)m(eigh)m(t)j(is)f(to)g |
| | 15005 | (b)s(e)h(added)458 4141 y(to)h(a)f(large)f(sum)h(of)g(preceding)h(w)m |
| | 15006 | (eigh)m(ts.)59 b(Bey)m(ond)39 b(a)e(certain)g(p)s(oin)m(t)g(\(of)g(the) |
| | 15007 | g(order)h(of)458 4250 y(100,000)30 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(of)c(one)h(and)h |
| | 15008 | (the)f(same)g(pro)s(cess\))h(one)f(ma)m(y)g(therefore)h(start)f(to)g |
| | 15009 | (obtain)458 4358 y(to)s(o)38 b(lo)m(w)f(cross)i(sections,)i(a)c |
| | 15010 | (problem)g(that)h(then)h(gradually)d(w)m(orsens.)62 b(T)-8 |
| | 15011 | b(o)38 b(solv)m(e)h(this)458 4466 y(problem,)k(the)f(sum)g(of)f(w)m |
| | 15012 | (eigh)m(ts)i(is)e(no)m(w)h(stored)g(in)f(double)h(precision.)70 |
| | 15013 | b(F)-8 b(or)41 b(reasons)458 4575 y(of)d(bac)m(kw)m(ards)i |
| | 15014 | (compatibilit)m(y)-8 b(,)36 b(this)h(is)h(put)g(in)f(a)h(new)g(common)m |
| | 15015 | (blo)s(c)m(k,)h Fq(PYINT9)p Fw(.)61 b(The)458 4683 y(old)34 |
| | 15016 | b(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(information)e(is)h(still)f(\014lled)i(as)g(w)m(ell,)g |
| | 15017 | (but)h(not)f(used)i(for)d(the)i(cross)g(section)458 4791 |
| | 15018 | y(calculation.)360 4909 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(An)60 b(option)e(has)h(b)s |
| | 15019 | (een)h(in)m(tro)s(duced)f(to)g(select)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(sev)m(eral)f |
| | 15020 | (electron-inside-)458 5018 y(electron)39 b(parton)g(distributions.)60 |
| | 15021 | b(The)40 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(found)f(so)g(far)f(are)h(almost)e(inden)m(tical) |
| | 15022 | g(|)458 5126 y(di\013erences)d(are)f(on)f(the)h(p)s(er)g(mille)c(lev)m |
| | 15023 | (el.)44 b(See)33 b Fq(MSTP\(59\))p Fw(.)360 5244 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 15024 | b Fw(Coulom)m(b)35 b(corrections)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(in)m(tro)s |
| | 15025 | (duced)g(as)g(an)g(option)e(for)i(W)3147 5208 y Fl(+)3206 |
| | 15026 | 5244 y Fw(W)3307 5208 y Fk(\000)3402 5244 y Fw(pair)f(pro-)458 |
| | 15027 | 5352 y(duction)e(\(pro)s(cess)g(25\),)g(see)g Fq(MSTP\(40\))p |
| | 15028 | Fw(.)70 5470 y(20.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.720,)f(29)g |
| | 15029 | (No)m(v)m(em)m(b)s(er)h(1995:)360 5588 y Fn(\017)48 b |
| | 15030 | Fq(PYRAND)37 b Fw(has)d(b)s(een)i(corrected)f(so)g(that)g(a)f(VMD)g(v)m |
| | 15031 | (ector)i(meson)e(is)h(reselected)g(also)f(for)1841 5953 |
| | 15032 | y(31)p eop |
| | 15033 | %%Page: 32 38 |
| | 15034 | 32 37 bop 458 -18 a Fw(VMD*\(direct)33 b(or)f(anomalous\).)360 |
| | 15035 | 99 y Fn(\017)48 b Fq(PYSTFU)43 b Fw(and)d(\(mainly\))f |
| | 15036 | Fq(PYSTFL)j Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)f(corrected)h(so)f(that)f(a)h(VMD)f |
| | 15037 | (photon)h(is)458 208 y(not)f(mapp)s(ed)f(to)g(a)g(pion)g(for)g |
| | 15038 | Fq(MSTP\(57\)=3)p Fw(,)44 b(but)c(is)f(treated)h(with)f(the)h(same)f |
| | 15039 | (photon)458 316 y(parton)32 b(distributions)f(as)h(for)g(other)g |
| | 15040 | Fq(MSTP\(57\))j Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)32 b(but)g(with)g(prop)s(erly)g(mo)s |
| | 15041 | (di\014ed)458 424 y(b)s(eha)m(viour)40 b(for)g(small)e |
| | 15042 | Fj(x)i Fw(or)f Fj(Q)p Fw(2.)66 b(A)40 b(new)h(v)-5 b(ariable)38 |
| | 15043 | b Fq(VINT\(232\))43 b Fw(is)c(in)m(tro)s(duced)h(for)g(a)458 |
| | 15044 | 533 y(temp)s(orary)32 b(result.)360 650 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 15045 | b Fw(The)h(matrix)e(elemen)m(t)h(for)f(pro)s(cess)j(86)d(in)g |
| | 15046 | Fq(PYSIGH)j Fw(has)e(b)s(een)h(rewritten)f(with)g(the)458 |
| | 15047 | 759 y(addition)31 b(of)h(brac)m(k)m(ets)j(to)d(a)m(v)m(oid)h(o)m(v)m |
| | 15048 | (er\015o)m(w)h(in)e(in)m(termediate)f(results.)70 877 |
| | 15049 | y(21.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.721,)f(21)g(Marc)m(h)h |
| | 15050 | (1996:)360 994 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(New)29 b(options)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s |
| | 15051 | (een)g(added)f(for)g(the)g(scale)g(of)g(QED)f(initial-state)e(parton)i |
| | 15052 | (sho)m(w)m(ers)458 1103 y(in)32 b(e)615 1067 y Fl(+)675 |
| | 15053 | 1103 y Fw(e)718 1067 y Fk(\000)777 1103 y Fw(.)44 b(See)33 |
| | 15054 | b Fq(MSTP\(68\))i Fw(for)d(a)g(discussion.)70 1221 y(22.)49 |
| | 15055 | b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.722,)f(23)g(Ma)m(y)h(1996:)360 |
| | 15056 | 1338 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(A)31 b(bug)g(corrected)g(in)f(the)h(description) |
| | 15057 | f(of)g(the)h(lo)m(w-mass)e(tail)f(of)i(the)h Fj(\015)3135 |
| | 15058 | 1302 y Fk(\003)3175 1338 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)e(propagator)458 |
| | 15059 | 1447 y(in)35 b(pro)s(cesses)j(19)e(and)f(22.)53 b(Dep)s(ending)35 |
| | 15060 | b(on)h(cuts,)i(the)e(error)f(could)h(go)f(up)h(to)f(a)h(factor)458 |
| | 15061 | 1555 y(of)e(ab)s(out)f(2)g(at)g(the)h(v)m(ery)i(lo)m(w)m(est)e(masses)g |
| | 15062 | (\(2)g(GeV\),)f(but)h(is)f(irrelev)-5 b(an)m(t)33 b(around)g(the)h(Z) |
| | 15063 | 3740 1519 y Fl(0)458 1663 y Fw(p)s(eak)g(itself.)360 |
| | 15064 | 1781 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Some)54 b(minor)f(up)s(dates)i(of)f(the)h |
| | 15065 | (gamma-gamma)50 b(treatmen)m(t)k(in)f(accordance)j(with)458 |
| | 15066 | 1889 y([Sc)m(h97)q(].)74 b(This)42 b(includes)h(the)g(default)f(b)s |
| | 15067 | (eha)m(viour)g(of)g(the)h Fj(p)2803 1904 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)3022 |
| | 15068 | 1889 y Fw(cuto\013)g(for)f(anoma-)458 1998 y(lous)36 |
| | 15069 | b(pro)s(cesses)i(and)e(the)g(reggeon)g(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)i(of)d(the)h |
| | 15070 | (total)f(cross)i(section)f(of)f(v)m(ector)458 2106 y(mesons.)70 |
| | 15071 | 2224 y(23.)49 b Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5.723,)f(27)g(Ma)m(y)h |
| | 15072 | (1997:)360 2342 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(In)m(tro)s(duce)36 |
| | 15073 | b(lo)m(w)m(er)f(limit)c(for)j(the)i(cross-section)f(parametrizations)e |
| | 15074 | (stored)i(in)f Fq(PYXTOT)p Fw(,)458 2450 y(see)g Fq(PARP\(104\))p |
| | 15075 | Fw(.)360 2568 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Inclusion)34 b(of)f(top)g(\(and)h |
| | 15076 | (fourth)f(generation\))g(quarks)i(as)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(remnan)m(t)h |
| | 15077 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)g(in)458 2676 y(some)f(pro)s(cesses)i(that)d(in)m(v)m |
| | 15078 | (olv)m(e)h(q)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(q)1921 2640 y Fk(0)1967 2676 |
| | 15079 | y Fw(+)22 b(W)q(,)33 b(see)h Fq(MSTP\(9\))p Fw(.)360 |
| | 15080 | 2794 y Fn(\017)48 b Fq(PYSCAT)66 b Fw(mo)s(di\014ed)c(so)i(that)f(hea)m |
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| | 15218 | %%Page: 34 40 |
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| | 15257 | 2162 y(generated)28 b(ev)m(en)m(t,)j(or)c(y)m(ou)i(can)e(call)f(on)i(v) |
| | 15258 | -5 b(arious)27 b(functions)g(and)h(subroutines)h(to)e(analyse)h(the)g |
| | 15259 | (ev)m(en)m(t)0 2270 y(further)33 b(for)f(y)m(ou.)146 |
| | 15260 | 2378 y(It)42 b(should)f(b)s(e)g(noted)h(that,)h(while)e(the)g(ph)m |
| | 15261 | (ysics)i(con)m(ten)m(t)g(is)d(ob)m(viously)h(at)g(the)h(cen)m(tre)h(of) |
| | 15262 | d(at-)0 2487 y(ten)m(tion,)i(the)e Fm(Jetset/Pythia)f |
| | 15263 | Fw(pac)m(k)-5 b(age)41 b(also)e(con)m(tains)h(a)g(v)m(ery)h(extensiv)m |
| | 15264 | (e)h(setup)f(of)f(auxiliary)0 2595 y(service)d(routines.)52 |
| | 15265 | b(The)37 b(hop)s(e)f(is)f(that)g(this)h(will)d(pro)m(vide)j(a)g |
| | 15266 | (comfortable)d(w)m(orking)j(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)0 2703 |
| | 15267 | y(where)c(not)f(only)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(are)e(generated,)h(but)f(where)i |
| | 15268 | (y)m(ou)e(also)f(linger)f(on)i(to)g(p)s(erform)e(a)i(lot)f(of)g(the)0 |
| | 15269 | 2812 y(subsequen)m(t)39 b(studies.)56 b(Of)35 b(course,)k(for)c |
| | 15270 | (detailed)h(studies,)i(it)d(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(necessary)j(to)d(in)m |
| | 15271 | (terface)g(the)0 2920 y(output)d(directly)f(to)g(a)g(detector)i(sim)m |
| | 15272 | (ulation)29 b(program.)146 3028 y(The)f(general)e(rule)g(is)g(that)h |
| | 15273 | (all)d(routines)j(ha)m(v)m(e)h(names)f(that)f(are)h(six)f(c)m |
| | 15274 | (haracters)i(long,)f(b)s(eginning)0 3137 y(with)34 b |
| | 15275 | Fq(LU)i Fw(for)e Fm(Jetset)f Fw(routines)i(and)g Fq(PY)g |
| | 15276 | Fw(for)f Fm(Pythia)h Fw(ones.)51 b(Real-v)-5 b(alued)33 |
| | 15277 | b(functions)i(in)f Fm(Jetset)0 3245 y Fw(b)s(egin)44 |
| | 15278 | b(with)g Fq(UL)h Fw(instead.)80 b(There)46 b(are)f(three)g(exceptions)h |
| | 15279 | (to)f(b)s(oth)f(the)h(length)f(and)h(the)g(initial)0 |
| | 15280 | 3353 y(c)m(haracter)34 b(rules:)45 b Fq(KLU)p Fw(,)34 |
| | 15281 | b Fq(PLU)g Fw(and)g Fq(RLU)p Fw(.)g(The)g(former)e(t)m(w)m(o)i |
| | 15282 | (functions)g(are)f(strongly)g(coupled)g(to)g(the)0 3462 |
| | 15283 | y Fq(K)f Fw(and)f Fq(P)h Fw(matrices)e(in)h(the)h Fq(LUJETS)g |
| | 15284 | Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k,)i(the)g(latter)e(uses)j Fq(R)f |
| | 15285 | Fw(to)f(emphasize)g(the)h(r^)-49 b(ole)30 b(as)0 3570 |
| | 15286 | y(a)g(random-n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(generator.)42 b(Also)30 |
| | 15287 | b(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)i(names)g(are)g(six)g(c)m(haracters)h(long)d |
| | 15288 | (and)i(start)0 3678 y(with)i Fq(LU)h Fw(or)f Fq(PY)p |
| | 15289 | Fw(.)146 3787 y(On)44 b(the)h(issue)f(of)f(initialization,)f |
| | 15290 | Fm(Jetset)g Fw(and)i Fm(Pythia)g Fw(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)i(quite)e |
| | 15291 | (di\013eren)m(tly)-8 b(.)77 b(Most)0 3895 y Fm(Jetset)31 |
| | 15292 | b Fw(routines)g(w)m(ork)i(without)e(an)m(y)i(initialization)26 |
| | 15293 | b(\(except)34 b(for)d(the)h(one)g(implied)d(b)m(y)k(the)f(pres-)0 |
| | 15294 | 4003 y(ence)c(of)k Fq(BLOCK)53 b(DATA)f(LUDATA)p Fw(,)28 |
| | 15295 | b(see)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e\),)g(i.e.)41 b(eac)m(h)28 b(ev)m(en)m(t)g(and)e |
| | 15296 | (eac)m(h)i(task)f(stand)g(on)f(their)g(o)m(wn.)0 4112 |
| | 15297 | y(Curren)m(t)38 b(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)i(v)-5 b(alues)36 |
| | 15298 | b(are)h(used)h(to)e(p)s(erform)g(the)h(tasks)g(in)f(sp)s(eci\014c)i(w)m |
| | 15299 | (a)m(ys,)h(and)e(those)0 4220 y(rules)i(can)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)h |
| | 15300 | (from)d(one)i(ev)m(en)m(t)i(to)d(the)h(next)h(\(or)f(ev)m(en)h(within)e |
| | 15301 | (the)h(generation)f(of)g(one)0 4328 y(and)30 b(the)h(same)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 15302 | (t\))i(without)e(an)m(y)h(p)s(enalt)m(y)-8 b(.)43 b(The)31 |
| | 15303 | b(random-n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(generator)i(is)e(initialized)e(at)0 |
| | 15304 | 4437 y(the)33 b(\014rst)g(call,)f(but)h(usually)f(this)g(is)g |
| | 15305 | (transparen)m(t.)45 b(Therefore)34 b(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 15306 | Fm(Jetset)d Fw(routines)i Fq(LUEEVT)0 4545 y Fw(\(and)f(some)f(of)g |
| | 15307 | (the)h(routines)g(called)e(b)m(y)j(it\))e(and)g Fq(LUONIA)i |
| | 15308 | Fw(are)f(basically)e(the)i(only)f(ones)i(to)e(con)m(tain)0 |
| | 15309 | 4653 y(some)j(elemen)m(ts)g(of)g(initialization,)29 b(where)35 |
| | 15310 | b(there)g(are)f(a)f(few)i(adv)-5 b(an)m(tages)34 b(if)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)k |
| | 15311 | (are)d(generated)0 4762 y(in)e(a)g(coheren)m(t)i(fashion,)e(but)h(ev)m |
| | 15312 | (en)h(here)f(the)g(p)s(enalt)m(y)g(for)f(not)g(doing)g(it)f(is)i |
| | 15313 | (small.)146 4870 y(In)f Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)g(on)g(the)g(other)g(hand,)g |
| | 15314 | (a)g(sizeable)f(amoun)m(t)g(of)g(initialization)c(is)k(p)s(erformed)g |
| | 15315 | (in)g(the)0 4979 y Fq(PYINIT)h Fw(call,)d(and)i(thereafter)g(the)g(ev)m |
| | 15316 | (en)m(ts)i(generated)e(b)m(y)i Fq(PYEVNT)f Fw(all)d(ob)s(ey)i(the)g |
| | 15317 | (rules)f(established)0 5087 y(at)e(that)h(p)s(oin)m(t.)41 |
| | 15318 | b(Therefore)30 b(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)i(v)-5 b(ariables)27 |
| | 15319 | b(that)i(sp)s(ecify)g(metho)s(ds)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(used)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to) |
| | 15320 | 0 5195 y(b)s(e)36 b(set)h(b)s(efore)f(the)g Fq(PYINIT)i |
| | 15321 | Fw(call)c(and)i(then)g(not)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)h(afterw)m(ards,)h |
| | 15322 | (with)e(few)g(exceptions.)0 5304 y(Of)h(course,)i(it)d(is)h(p)s |
| | 15323 | (ossible)g(to)f(p)s(erform)h(sev)m(eral)g Fq(PYINIT)i |
| | 15324 | Fw(calls)d(in)g(the)i(same)f(run,)i(but)e(there)h(is)f(a)0 |
| | 15325 | 5412 y(signi\014can)m(t)h(time)g(o)m(v)m(erhead)j(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed,)g |
| | 15326 | (so)e(this)g(is)f(not)h(something)f(one)h(w)m(ould)g(do)g(for)g(eac)m |
| | 15327 | (h)h(new)0 5520 y(ev)m(en)m(t.)146 5629 y(Apart)28 b(from)e(writing)g |
| | 15328 | (a)i(title)e(page,)i(giving)e(a)i(brief)f(initialization)22 |
| | 15329 | b(information,)j(prin)m(ting)i(error)1841 5953 y(34)p |
| | 15330 | eop |
| | 15331 | %%Page: 35 41 |
| | 15332 | 35 40 bop 0 -18 a Fw(messages)49 b(if)e(need)i(b)s(e,)j(and)c(resp)s |
| | 15333 | (onding)g(to)g(explicit)f(requests)j(for)d(listings,)j(all)c(tasks)j |
| | 15334 | (of)f(the)0 90 y(programs)40 b(are)h(p)s(erformed)f(`silen)m(tly'.)67 |
| | 15335 | b(All)39 b(output)i(is)f(directed)h(to)g(unit)f Fq(MSTU\(11\))p |
| | 15336 | Fw(,)45 b(b)m(y)c(default)0 198 y(6,)e(and)g(it)e(is)h(up)g(to)g(y)m |
| | 15337 | (ou)h(to)f(set)h(this)f(unit)g(op)s(en)g(for)g(write.)60 |
| | 15338 | b(The)39 b(only)f(exceptions)i(are)e Fq(RLUGET)p Fw(,)0 |
| | 15339 | 307 y Fq(RLUSET)c Fw(and)e Fq(LUUPDA)h Fw(where,)h(for)d(ob)m(vious)i |
| | 15340 | (reasons,)g(the)f(input/output)g(\014le)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(is)g(sp)s |
| | 15341 | (eci\014ed)0 415 y(at)g(eac)m(h)i(call.)41 b(Here)34 |
| | 15342 | b(y)m(ou)f(again)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(to)e(see)i(to)e(it)g(that)g(prop)s(er)h |
| | 15343 | (read/write)f(access)i(is)f(set.)146 523 y(The)42 b(programs)e(are)h |
| | 15344 | (extremely)g(v)m(ersatile,)h(but)f(the)g(price)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(paid)f |
| | 15345 | (for)h(this)f(is)g(ha)m(ving)h(a)0 632 y(large)36 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h |
| | 15346 | (of)g(adjustable)f(parameters)h(and)g(switc)m(hes)i(for)d(alternativ)m |
| | 15347 | (e)g(mo)s(des)h(of)g(op)s(eration.)0 740 y(No)e(single)f(user)i(is)e |
| | 15348 | (ev)m(er)j(lik)m(ely)c(to)i(need)h(more)e(than)h(a)g(fraction)f(of)g |
| | 15349 | (the)i(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)32 b(options.)50 b(Since)0 |
| | 15350 | 848 y(all)31 b(these)k(parameters)e(and)h(switc)m(hes)g(are)g(assigned) |
| | 15351 | f(sensible)h(default)e(v)-5 b(alues,)34 b(there)g(is)f(no)g(reason)0 |
| | 15352 | 957 y(to)f(w)m(orry)i(ab)s(out)e(them)g(un)m(til)f(the)i(need)h |
| | 15353 | (arises.)146 1065 y(Unless)c(explicitly)d(stated)j(\(or)f(ob)m(vious)g |
| | 15354 | (from)f(the)h(con)m(text\))h(all)d(switc)m(hes)k(and)e(parameters)g |
| | 15355 | (can)0 1173 y(b)s(e)40 b(c)m(hanged)g(indep)s(enden)m(tly)h(of)e(eac)m |
| | 15356 | (h)h(other.)65 b(One)40 b(should)f(note,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)i(that)39 |
| | 15357 | b(if)g(only)g(a)g(few)0 1282 y(switc)m(hes/parameters)i(are)e(c)m |
| | 15358 | (hanged,)j(this)d(ma)m(y)g(result)g(in)g(an)g(arti\014cially)d(bad)j |
| | 15359 | (agreemen)m(t)h(with)0 1390 y(data.)65 b(Man)m(y)41 b(disagreemen)m(ts) |
| | 15360 | g(can)f(often)g(b)s(e)g(cured)h(b)m(y)g(a)e(subsequen)m(t)k(retuning)d |
| | 15361 | (of)g(some)f(other)0 1498 y(parameters)32 b(of)f(the)i(mo)s(del,)d(in)i |
| | 15362 | (particular)e(those)j(that)e(w)m(ere)j(once)e(determined)g(b)m(y)h(a)f |
| | 15363 | (comparison)0 1607 y(with)d(data)g(in)g(the)h(con)m(text)h(of)e(the)h |
| | 15364 | (default)e(scenario.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)29 b(example,)g(for)g(e)2834 |
| | 15365 | 1571 y Fl(+)2894 1607 y Fw(e)2937 1571 y Fk(\000)3025 |
| | 15366 | 1607 y Fw(annihilation,)e(suc)m(h)0 1715 y(a)38 b(retuning)f(could)h |
| | 15367 | (in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)g(one)h(QCD)e(parameter)h(\()p Fj(\013)2096 |
| | 15368 | 1730 y Fl(s)2166 1715 y Fw(or)f(\003\),)j(the)e(longitudinal)c(fragmen) |
| | 15369 | m(tation)0 1823 y(function,)e(and)h(the)g(a)m(v)m(erage)g(transv)m |
| | 15370 | (erse)i(fragmen)m(tation)c(momen)m(tum.)146 1932 y(The)36 |
| | 15371 | b(programs)d(con)m(tain)h(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)e(c)m(hec)m(ks)k |
| | 15372 | (that)d(requested)j(pro)s(cesses)f(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)f(imple-)0 |
| | 15373 | 2040 y(men)m(ted,)c(that)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(for)d |
| | 15374 | (jet)i(systems)h(mak)m(e)e(sense,)j(that)d(the)h(energy)g(is)f |
| | 15375 | (su\016cien)m(t)i(to)0 2148 y(allo)m(w)i(hadronization,)h(that)g(the)h |
| | 15376 | (memory)e(space)j(in)e Fq(LUJETS)i Fw(is)e(large)f(enough,)j(etc.)53 |
| | 15377 | b(If)36 b(an)m(ything)0 2257 y(go)s(es)g(wrong)f(that)h(the)f(program)g |
| | 15378 | (can)g(catc)m(h)i(\(ob)m(viously)e(this)g(ma)m(y)h(not)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)h |
| | 15379 | (b)s(e)g(p)s(ossible\),)g(an)0 2365 y(error)i(message)i(will)c(b)s(e)j |
| | 15380 | (prin)m(ted)f(and)h(the)g(treatmen)m(t)g(of)f(the)h(corresp)s(onding)f |
| | 15381 | (ev)m(en)m(t)j(will)36 b(b)s(e)j(cut)0 2473 y(short.)51 |
| | 15382 | b(In)35 b(serious)g(cases,)i(the)f(program)d(will)g(ab)s(ort.)50 |
| | 15383 | b(As)35 b(long)f(as)h(no)g(error)g(messages)h(app)s(ear)f(on)0 |
| | 15384 | 2582 y(the)e(output,)g(it)e(ma)m(y)i(not)f(b)s(e)h(w)m(orth)m(while)f |
| | 15385 | (to)g(lo)s(ok)g(in)m(to)f(the)i(rules)g(for)f(error)g(c)m(hec)m(king,)i |
| | 15386 | (but)f(if)e(but)0 2690 y(one)39 b(message)f(app)s(ears,)i(it)e(should)g |
| | 15387 | (b)s(e)g(enough)h(cause)g(for)f(alarm)e(to)i(receiv)m(e)h(prompt)f |
| | 15388 | (atten)m(tion.)0 2798 y(Also)h(w)m(arnings)h(are)g(sometimes)f(prin)m |
| | 15389 | (ted.)65 b(These)41 b(are)f(less)g(serious,)i(and)e(the)g(exp)s |
| | 15390 | (erienced)i(user)0 2907 y(migh)m(t)g(delib)s(erately)g(do)i(op)s |
| | 15391 | (erations)f(whic)m(h)h(go)f(against)f(the)i(rules,)j(but)d(still)d(can) |
| | 15392 | j(b)s(e)g(made)f(to)0 3015 y(mak)m(e)38 b(sense)h(in)e(their)g(con)m |
| | 15393 | (text.)60 b(Only)37 b(the)h(\014rst)g(few)g(w)m(arnings)g(will)d(b)s(e) |
| | 15394 | j(prin)m(ted,)h(thereafter)f(the)0 3123 y(program)33 |
| | 15395 | b(will)f(b)s(e)j(quiet.)50 b(By)35 b(default,)f(the)h(program)e(is)h |
| | 15396 | (set)h(to)g(stop)g(execution)g(after)f(ten)h(errors,)0 |
| | 15397 | 3232 y(after)d(prin)m(ting)g(the)h(last)e(erroneous)j(ev)m(en)m(t.)146 |
| | 15398 | 3340 y(It)25 b(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)f(emphasized)h(that)f(not)h(all)d |
| | 15399 | (errors)j(will)d(b)s(e)j(caugh)m(t.)41 b(In)25 b(particular,)g(one)f |
| | 15400 | (tric)m(ky)h(ques-)0 3448 y(tion)39 b(is)h(what)g(happ)s(ens)i(if)d(an) |
| | 15401 | h(in)m(teger-v)-5 b(alued)39 b(common)g(blo)s(c)m(k)h(switc)m(h)h(or)f |
| | 15402 | (subroutine/function)0 3557 y(argumen)m(t)f(is)g(used)i(with)e(a)h(v)-5 |
| | 15403 | b(alue)39 b(that)g(is)g(not)h(de\014ned.)66 b(In)39 b(some)h |
| | 15404 | (subroutine)g(calls,)g(a)f(prompt)0 3665 y(return)e(will)e(b)s(e)i(exp) |
| | 15405 | s(edited,)i(but)e(in)f(most)g(instances)h(the)h(subsequen)m(t)h(action) |
| | 15406 | d(is)h(en)m(tirely)f(unpre-)0 3774 y(dictable,)c(and)h(often)g |
| | 15407 | (completely)f(ha)m(ywire.)45 b(The)34 b(same)f(go)s(es)g(for)g(real-v) |
| | 15408 | -5 b(alued)31 b(v)-5 b(ariables)32 b(that)g(are)0 3882 |
| | 15409 | y(assigned)40 b(v)-5 b(alues)40 b(outside)g(the)h(ph)m(ysically)e |
| | 15410 | (sensible)h(range.)66 b(One)41 b(example)e(will)f(su\016ce)j(here:)60 |
| | 15411 | b(if)0 3990 y Fq(PARJ\(2\))37 b Fw(is)d(de\014ned)i(as)f(the)g(s)p |
| | 15412 | Fj(=)p Fw(u)g(suppression)h(factor,)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)34 |
| | 15413 | b Fj(>)d Fw(1)k(will)d(not)j(giv)m(e)g(more)f(profuse)0 |
| | 15414 | 4099 y(pro)s(duction)e(of)g(s)h(than)g(of)f(u,)g(but)h(actually)f(a)g |
| | 15415 | (spillo)m(v)m(er)f(in)m(to)h(c)h(pro)s(duction.)43 b(Users,)34 |
| | 15416 | b(b)s(ew)m(are!)0 4372 y Fp(3.4)135 b(Man)l(ual)46 b(Con)l(v)l(en)l |
| | 15417 | (tions)0 4545 y Fw(In)28 b(the)h(man)m(ual)d(parts)i(of)f(this)h(rep)s |
| | 15418 | (ort,)h(some)e(con)m(v)m(en)m(tions)j(are)e(used.)43 |
| | 15419 | b(All)26 b(names)i(of)f(subprograms,)0 4653 y(common)c(blo)s(c)m(ks)i |
| | 15420 | (and)g(v)-5 b(ariables)23 b(are)h(giv)m(en)h(in)f(upp)s(er-case)h(`t)m |
| | 15421 | (yp)s(ewriter')h(st)m(yle,)h(e.g.)41 b Fq(MSTP\(111\)=0)p |
| | 15422 | Fw(.)0 4762 y(Also)32 b(program)f(examples)i(are)f(giv)m(en)h(in)f |
| | 15423 | (this)g(st)m(yle.)146 4870 y(If)g(a)g(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)i(v)-5 |
| | 15424 | b(ariable)30 b(m)m(ust)i(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)d(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 15425 | b(set)g(at)g(the)g(b)s(eginning)f(of)g(execution,)i(then)0 |
| | 15426 | 4979 y(a)f(default)g(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)g(stored)h(in)f(one)h(of)f |
| | 15427 | (the)h(blo)s(c)m(k)g(data)f(subprograms)g Fq(LUDATA)i |
| | 15428 | Fw(and)f Fq(PYDATA)p Fw(.)h(Suc)m(h)0 5087 y(a)g(default)f(v)-5 |
| | 15429 | b(alue)33 b(is)g(usually)g(indicated)g(b)m(y)i(a)f(`\(D=.)16 |
| | 15430 | b(.)g(.)g(\)')47 b(immediately)31 b(after)j(the)g(v)-5 |
| | 15431 | b(ariable)32 b(name,)0 5195 y(e.g.)0 5304 y Fq(MSTJ\(1\))53 |
| | 15432 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f(fragmen)m(tation)f(sc)m |
| | 15433 | (heme.)146 5412 y(All)25 b(v)-5 b(ariables)24 b(in)h(the)i |
| | 15434 | Fm(Jetset)e Fw(common)f(blo)s(c)m(ks)i(\(with)g(v)m(ery)h(few)g |
| | 15435 | (exceptions,)h(clearly)d(mark)m(ed\))0 5520 y(can)39 |
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| | 15438 | 5629 y(single)44 b(ev)m(en)m(t.)81 b(In)45 b(the)g Fm(Pythia)g |
| | 15439 | Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m(ks)i(the)g(situation)e(is)i(more)e(complicated.) |
| | 15440 | 79 b(The)1841 5953 y(35)p eop |
| | 15441 | %%Page: 36 42 |
| | 15442 | 36 41 bop 0 -18 a Fw(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(of)f(man)m(y)g(switc)m(hes)j |
| | 15443 | (and)d(parameters)h(are)f(used)i(already)e(in)g(the)h |
| | 15444 | Fq(PYINIT)i Fw(call,)c(and)h(cannot)0 90 y(b)s(e)27 b(c)m(hanged)h |
| | 15445 | (after)e(that.)42 b(The)28 b(problem)d(is)h(men)m(tioned)h(in)f(the)h |
| | 15446 | (pream)m(ble)f(to)h(the)g(a\017icted)g(common)0 198 y(blo)s(c)m(ks,)33 |
| | 15447 | b(whic)m(h)g(in)e(particular)g(means)h Fq(/PYPARS/)j |
| | 15448 | Fw(and)d Fq(/PYSUBS/)p Fw(.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(the)i(v)-5 |
| | 15449 | b(ariables)31 b(whic)m(h)i(ma)m(y)0 307 y(still)22 b(b)s(e)j(c)m |
| | 15450 | (hanged)h(from)d(one)i(ev)m(en)m(t)i(to)d(the)h(next,)i(a)e(`\(C\)')g |
| | 15451 | (is)f(added)h(after)g(the)g(`\(D=.)16 b(.)g(.)g(\)')41 |
| | 15452 | b(statemen)m(t.)146 415 y(Normally)-8 b(,)33 b(v)-5 b(ariables)33 |
| | 15453 | b(in)m(ternal)g(to)h(the)h(program)e(are)h(k)m(ept)i(in)d(separate)j |
| | 15454 | (common)d(blo)s(c)m(ks)h(and)0 523 y(arra)m(ys,)42 b(but)e(in)e(a)h |
| | 15455 | (few)i(cases)f(suc)m(h)h(in)m(ternal)e(v)-5 b(ariables)38 |
| | 15456 | b(app)s(ear)h(among)f(arra)m(ys)i(of)f(switc)m(hes)i(and)0 |
| | 15457 | 632 y(parameters,)f(mainly)c(for)i(historical)f(reasons.)62 |
| | 15458 | b(These)40 b(are)f(denoted)g(b)m(y)g(`\(R\)')g(for)f(v)-5 |
| | 15459 | b(ariables)37 b(y)m(ou)0 740 y(ma)m(y)d(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)e(read,)i(b)s |
| | 15460 | (ecause)g(they)f(con)m(tain)f(p)s(oten)m(tially)f(in)m(teresting)h |
| | 15461 | (information,)e(and)j(b)m(y)g(`\(I\)')0 848 y(for)d(purely)h(in)m |
| | 15462 | (ternal)e(v)-5 b(ariables.)42 b(In)33 b(neither)g(case)g(ma)m(y)g(the)g |
| | 15463 | (v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(b)s(e)i(c)m(hanged)g(b)m(y)h(y)m(ou.)146 |
| | 15464 | 957 y(In)42 b(the)g(description)f(of)g(a)g(switc)m(h,)k(the)d |
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| | 15466 | (often)0 1065 y(en)m(umerated,)33 b(e.g.)0 1173 y Fq(MSTJ\(1\))53 |
| | 15467 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f(fragmen)m(tation)f(sc)m |
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| | 15469 | (tation)d(at)j(all.)236 1390 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b |
| | 15470 | Fw(string)32 b(fragmen)m(tation)e(according)i(to)g(the)h(Lund)h(mo)s |
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| | 15472 | b(fragmen)m(tation,)h(according)e(to)g(sp)s(eci\014cation)g(in)f |
| | 15473 | Fq(MSTJ\(2\))j Fw(and)709 1607 y Fq(MSTJ\(3\))p Fw(.)0 |
| | 15474 | 1715 y(If)28 b(y)m(ou)h(then)f(use)h(an)m(y)g(v)-5 b(alue)27 |
| | 15475 | b(other)i(than)f(0,)g(1)g(or)g(2,)h(results)f(are)g(unpredictable.)42 |
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| | 15477 | h(in)e(di\013eren)m(t)h(parts)h(of)e(the)i(program,)f(dep)s(ending)g |
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| | 15480 | (to)e(c)m(ho)s(ose)i(ph)m(ysically)e(sensible)h(v)-5 |
| | 15481 | b(alues)40 b(for)g(parameters:)58 b(there)40 b(is)g(no)0 |
| | 15482 | 2148 y(c)m(hec)m(k)f(on)e(the)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(ranges)h(of)g(v)-5 |
| | 15483 | b(ariables.)56 b(W)-8 b(e)37 b(ga)m(v)m(e)h(an)f(example)f(of)h(this)g |
| | 15484 | (at)f(the)i(end)f(of)g(the)0 2257 y(preceding)c(section.)146 |
| | 15485 | 2365 y(Subroutines)d(y)m(ou)h(are)e(exp)s(ected)j(to)d(use)h(are)g |
| | 15486 | (enclosed)g(in)f(a)g(b)s(o)m(x)h(at)g(the)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(where)i(they) |
| | 15487 | f(are)0 2473 y(de\014ned:)p 0 2598 1082 9 v 0 2818 9 |
| | 15488 | 220 v 79 2738 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LULIST\(MLIST\))p 1073 2818 |
| | 15489 | V 0 2826 1082 9 v 146 3012 a Fw(This)24 b(is)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)f(b)m(y)i |
| | 15490 | (a)f(description)g(of)g(input)g(or)g(output)h(parameters.)40 |
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| | 15494 | 3228 y(fact,)31 b(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t-analysis)g(routines)f(of)f(section) |
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| | 15496 | (ha)m(v)m(e)0 3337 y(input)i(v)-5 b(ariables.)146 3445 |
| | 15497 | y(Routines)29 b(that)g(are)g(only)g(used)h(in)m(ternally)d(are)i(not)g |
| | 15498 | (b)s(o)m(xed)h(in.)42 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)32 b(w)m(e)e(use)g(b)s(o)m |
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| | 15500 | (enhance)i(the)f(readabilit)m(y)-8 b(.)0 3827 y Fp(3.5)135 |
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| | 15504 | 4 v(u)h(2-jet)e(systems)j(at)0 4108 y(20)e(GeV)h(energy)-8 |
| | 15505 | b(.)44 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(do)f(this,)g(write)h(a)f(main)f(program)308 |
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| | 15508 | (together)g(with)f Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)57 b(The)39 b(routine)e |
| | 15509 | Fq(LU2ENT)i Fw(is)e(sp)s(eci\014cally)0 4816 y(in)m(tended)d(for)g |
| | 15510 | (storing)e(t)m(w)m(o)j(en)m(tries)f(\(jets)g(or)g(particles\).)46 |
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| | 15513 | (directly)e(after)h(the)g(en)m(tries)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(stored,)i |
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| | 15515 | (tries)f(are)h(u)f(\(2\))g(and)p 1901 4980 V 32 w(u)g(\()p |
| | 15516 | Fn(\000)p Fw(2\),)g(and)h(the)f(last)f(that)h(the)h(c.m.)43 |
| | 15517 | b(energy)33 b(of)0 5141 y(the)d(pair)f(is)g(20)h(GeV.)g(When)g(this)g |
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| | 15519 | Fq(LUJETS)i Fw(common)0 5249 y(blo)s(c)m(k.)45 b(This)33 |
| | 15520 | b(information)d(can)j(then)h(b)s(e)f(read)g(out)g(b)m(y)h(y)m(ou.)46 |
| | 15521 | b(No)33 b(output)g(is)g(pro)s(duced)h(b)m(y)h Fq(LU2ENT)0 |
| | 15522 | 5358 y Fw(itself,)c(except)k(for)d(a)g(title)f(page)h(whic)m(h)i(app)s |
| | 15523 | (ears)e(once)i(for)e(ev)m(ery)k Fm(Jetset/Pythia)31 b |
| | 15524 | Fw(run.)146 5466 y(Instead)42 b(the)g(second)g(command,)g(to)f |
| | 15525 | Fq(LULIST)p Fw(,)h(pro)m(vides)g(a)f(simple)e(visible)h(summary)h(of)f |
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| | 15527 | Fw(.)j(The)e(argumen)m(t)g(\(1\))f(indicates)g(that)h(the)g(short)g(v)m |
| | 15528 | (ersion)h(should)1841 5953 y(36)p eop |
| | 15529 | %%Page: 37 43 |
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| | 15531 | h(viewing)g(the)h(listing)d(directly)i(on)g(an)g(80-column)f(terminal)f |
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| | 15533 | 279 y Fq(Event)53 b(listing)g(\(summary\))103 496 y(I)102 |
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| | 15536 | b(A)103 b(12)308 b(2)205 b(0)154 b(0.000)h(0.000)104 |
| | 15537 | b(10.000)g(10.000)156 b(0.006)103 821 y(2)102 b(\(u~\))309 |
| | 15538 | b(V)103 b(11)257 b(-2)205 b(0)154 b(0.000)h(0.000)53 |
| | 15539 | b(-10.000)104 b(10.000)156 b(0.006)103 929 y(3)102 b(\(string\))259 |
| | 15540 | b(11)e(92)205 b(1)154 b(0.000)h(0.000)h(0.000)103 b(20.000)i(20.000)103 |
| | 15541 | 1038 y(4)d(\(rho+\))361 b(11)205 b(213)h(3)154 b(0.098)104 |
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| | 15544 | b(0.145)h(6.538)f(6.590)g(0.781)103 1254 y(6)102 b(pi+)565 |
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| | 15546 | 103 1363 y(7)102 b(\(Sigma0\))259 b(11)154 b(3212)206 |
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| | 15549 | b(0.709)104 b(-2.753)156 b(2.968)f(0.846)103 1579 y(9)102 |
| | 15550 | b(p~-)565 b(1)103 b(-2212)206 b(3)154 b(0.395)104 b(-0.614)g(-3.806)156 |
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| | 15567 | b(1)257 b(22)154 b(12)g(0.059)h(0.146)h(0.224)f(0.274)g(0.000)51 |
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| | 15572 | b(14)g(0.006)104 b(-0.035)156 b(0.422)f(0.423)g(0.000)51 |
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| | 15574 | b(0.033)104 b(-1.343)156 b(1.649)f(0.938)51 3205 y(24)103 |
| | 15575 | b(pi-)565 b(1)154 b(-211)h(15)103 b(-0.030)h(-0.018)g(-0.059)156 |
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| | 15587 | b(u)k(and)p 637 3883 55 4 v 35 w(u,)h(where)f(`bar')g(is)f(actually)f |
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| | 15595 | Fq(KF)h Fw(\(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(co)s(de\))g(column)f(con)m(tains)g(2)h |
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| | 15599 | 4478 y(a)c(u)h(and)g(a)p 480 4425 V 43 w(u,)i(cf.)74 |
| | 15600 | b(the)44 b Fq(LU2ENT)g Fw(call,)f(while)f(the)i(names)e(written)h(are)g |
| | 15601 | (just)g(con)m(v)m(eniences)i(used)0 4586 y(when)g(pro)s(ducing)e |
| | 15602 | (visible)g(output.)78 b(The)44 b Fq(A)g Fw(and)g Fq(V)g |
| | 15603 | Fw(near)h(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)g(particle/jet)f(column)0 |
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| | 15606 | 4803 y(parton)29 b(system;)i(an)m(y)e(in)m(termediate)f(en)m(tries)h(b) |
| | 15607 | s(elonging)e(to)i(the)g(same)g(system)h(w)m(ould)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(had)e |
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| | 15609 | b(giv)m(es)g(a)f(p)s(o)s(or)g(man's)g(represen)m(tation)i(of)e(an)g |
| | 15610 | (up-do)m(wn)h(arro)m(w,)g Fn(l)p Fw(.\))146 5019 y(In)39 |
| | 15611 | b(the)h Fq(orig)f Fw(\(origin\))e(column,)i(the)g(zeros)h(indicate)d |
| | 15612 | (that)i(u)g(and)p 2733 4966 V 39 w(u)g(are)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(initial)35 |
| | 15613 | b(en)m(tries.)0 5128 y(The)29 b(subsequen)m(t)i(line,)d(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 15614 | (er)g(3,)h(denotes)g(the)g(fragmen)m(ting)d(u)p 2457 |
| | 15615 | 5075 V(u)i(string)g(system)h(as)f(a)g(whole,)g(and)0 |
| | 15616 | 5236 y(has)34 b(origin)d(1,)i(since)g(the)h(\014rst)g(parton)e(of)h |
| | 15617 | (this)g(string)f(system)j(is)d(en)m(try)j(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(1.)45 |
| | 15618 | b(The)34 b(particles)0 5344 y(in)i(lines)f(4{10)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(origin)c |
| | 15619 | (3)i(to)g(denote)i(that)e(they)h(come)f(directly)g(from)f(the)i |
| | 15620 | (fragmen)m(tation)e(of)0 5453 y(this)29 b(string.)42 |
| | 15621 | b(In)30 b(string)f(fragmen)m(tation)f(it)h(is)g(not)g(meaningful)f(to)h |
| | 15622 | (sa)m(y)i(that)e(a)g(particle)g(comes)h(from)0 5561 y(only)j(the)i(u)f |
| | 15623 | (quark)g(or)g(only)f(the)p 1256 5508 V 35 w(u)h(one.)47 |
| | 15624 | b(It)34 b(is)g(the)g(string)f(system)i(as)f(a)g(whole)g(that)f(giv)m |
| | 15625 | (es)i(a)e Fj(\032)3610 5525 y Fl(+)3669 5561 y Fw(,)i(a)0 |
| | 15626 | 5669 y Fj(\032)50 5633 y Fk(\000)109 5669 y Fw(,)h(a)g |
| | 15627 | Fj(\031)316 5633 y Fl(+)374 5669 y Fw(,)h(a)e(\006)592 |
| | 15628 | 5633 y Fl(0)632 5669 y Fw(,)h(a)f(K)855 5633 y Fk(\003)p |
| | 15629 | Fl(+)949 5669 y Fw(,)h(a)p 1096 5616 V 35 w(p)1150 5633 |
| | 15630 | y Fk(\000)1209 5669 y Fw(,)g(and)g(a)f Fj(\031)1608 5633 |
| | 15631 | y Fk(\000)1667 5669 y Fw(.)52 b(Note)35 b(that)g(some)g(of)g(the)h |
| | 15632 | (particle)e(names)i(are)f(again)1841 5953 y(37)p eop |
| | 15633 | %%Page: 38 44 |
| | 15634 | 38 43 bop 0 -18 a Fw(enclosed)36 b(in)f(paren)m(theses,)40 |
| | 15635 | b(indicating)33 b(that)i(these)i(particles)e(are)h(not)g(presen)m(t)h |
| | 15636 | (in)e(the)h(\014nal)f(state)0 90 y(either,)c(but)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(deca)m |
| | 15637 | (y)m(ed)h(further.)43 b(Th)m(us)31 b(the)g Fj(\031)1899 |
| | 15638 | 54 y Fk(\000)1988 90 y Fw(in)f(line)f(13)h(and)g(the)h |
| | 15639 | Fj(\031)2822 54 y Fl(0)2892 90 y Fw(in)e(line)g(14)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 15640 | (origin)0 198 y(5,)38 b(as)g(an)f(indication)e(that)j(they)g(come)f |
| | 15641 | (from)f(the)i(deca)m(y)h(of)e(the)h Fj(\032)2557 162 |
| | 15642 | y Fk(\000)2653 198 y Fw(in)f(line)f(5.)58 b(Only)37 b(the)g(names)0 |
| | 15643 | 307 y(not)45 b(enclosed)g(in)f(paren)m(theses)j(remain)d(at)g(the)h |
| | 15644 | (end)h(of)e(the)h(fragmen)m(tation/deca)m(y)g(c)m(hain,)i(and)0 |
| | 15645 | 415 y(are)36 b(th)m(us)h(exp)s(erimen)m(tally)d(observ)-5 |
| | 15646 | b(able.)53 b(The)37 b(actual)e(status)h(co)s(de)h(used)f(to)g |
| | 15647 | (distinguish)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)0 523 y(di\013eren)m(t)g(classes)h(of)e |
| | 15648 | (en)m(tries)i(is)e(giv)m(en)h(in)f(the)i Fq(KS)f Fw(column;)g(co)s(des) |
| | 15649 | g(in)f(the)i(range)f(1{10)f(corresp)s(ond)0 632 y(to)f(remaining)e(en)m |
| | 15650 | (tries,)k(and)e(those)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(10)f(to)g(those)i(that)e(ha)m |
| | 15651 | (v)m(e)i(fragmen)m(ted)e(or)h(deca)m(y)m(ed.)146 740 |
| | 15652 | y(The)43 b(columns)f(with)f Fq(p)p 1034 740 31 4 v 38 |
| | 15653 | w(x)p Fw(,)j Fq(p)p 1245 740 V 38 w(y)p Fw(,)g Fq(p)p |
| | 15654 | 1456 740 V 37 w(z)p Fw(,)h Fq(E)d Fw(and)h Fq(m)f Fw(are)g(quite)g |
| | 15655 | (self-explanatory)-8 b(.)71 b(All)41 b(momen)m(ta,)0 |
| | 15656 | 848 y(energies)27 b(and)f(masses)h(are)f(giv)m(en)g(in)f(units)h(of)g |
| | 15657 | (GeV,)g(since)h(the)f(sp)s(eed)i(of)d(ligh)m(t)g(is)g(tak)m(en)i(to)f |
| | 15658 | (b)s(e)g Fj(c)i Fw(=)g(1.)0 957 y(Note)33 b(that)g(energy)h(and)f |
| | 15659 | (momen)m(tum)e(are)i(conserv)m(ed)i(at)e(eac)m(h)h(step)f(of)g(the)g |
| | 15660 | (fragmen)m(tation/deca)m(y)0 1065 y(pro)s(cess)39 b(\(although)d(there) |
| | 15661 | i(exist)g(options)f(where)i(this)e(is)g(not)g(true\).)59 |
| | 15662 | b(Also)37 b(note)g(that)h(the)g Fj(z)k Fw(axis)0 1173 |
| | 15663 | y(pla)m(ys)26 b(the)g(r^)-49 b(ole)25 b(of)h(preferred)h(direction,)f |
| | 15664 | (along)e(whic)m(h)j(the)f(original)c(partons)k(are)g(placed.)41 |
| | 15665 | b(The)27 b(\014nal)0 1282 y(line)34 b(is)h(in)m(tended)h(as)g(a)f(quic) |
| | 15666 | m(k)h(c)m(hec)m(k)i(that)d(nothing)g(funn)m(y)i(happ)s(ened.)53 |
| | 15667 | b(It)35 b(con)m(tains)h(the)g(summed)0 1390 y(c)m(harge,)28 |
| | 15668 | b(summed)f(momen)m(tum,)f(summed)g(energy)i(and)f(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 15669 | b(arian)m(t)25 b(mass)h(of)g(the)h(\014nal)f(en)m(tries)h(at)f(the)0 |
| | 15670 | 1498 y(end)i(of)g(the)g(fragmen)m(tation/deca)m(y)f(c)m(hain,)i(and)f |
| | 15671 | (the)g(v)-5 b(alues)28 b(should)f(agree)h(with)g(the)g(input)f(implied) |
| | 15672 | 0 1607 y(b)m(y)43 b(the)f Fq(LU2ENT)h Fw(argumen)m(ts.)71 |
| | 15673 | b(\(In)41 b(fact,)j(w)m(arnings)e(w)m(ould)g(normally)d(app)s(ear)i(on) |
| | 15674 | h(the)g(output)g(if)0 1715 y(an)m(ything)32 b(un)m(to)m(w)m(ard)i(happ) |
| | 15675 | s(ened,)g(but)f(that)f(is)g(another)h(story)-8 b(.\))146 |
| | 15676 | 1823 y(The)31 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(example)e(has)h(illustrated)e(roughly) |
| | 15677 | h(what)h(information)c(is)j(to)h(b)s(e)g(had)g(in)e(the)j(ev)m(en)m(t)0 |
| | 15678 | 1932 y(record,)f(but)e(not)g(so)h(m)m(uc)m(h)g(ab)s(out)e(ho)m(w)i(it)f |
| | 15679 | (is)f(stored.)43 b(This)29 b(is)e(b)s(etter)i(seen)h(b)m(y)f(using)f(a) |
| | 15680 | g(132-column)0 2040 y(format)j(for)h(listing)e(ev)m(en)m(ts.)46 |
| | 15681 | b(T)-8 b(ry)33 b(e.g.)44 b(the)33 b(follo)m(wing)d(program)308 |
| | 15682 | 2231 y Fq(CALL)52 b(LU3ENT\(0,1,21,-1,30.,0.9,)q(0.7\))308 |
| | 15683 | 2340 y(CALL)g(LULIST\(2\))308 2448 y(CALL)g(LUEDIT\(3\))308 |
| | 15684 | 2556 y(CALL)g(LULIST\(2\))308 2665 y(END)0 2856 y Fw(where)32 |
| | 15685 | b(a)e(3-jet)g(dg)p 686 2777 55 4 v 1 w(d)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(is)d |
| | 15686 | (generated)h(in)f(the)h(\014rst)f(line)g(and)g(listed)g(in)f(the)i |
| | 15687 | (second.)44 b(This)31 b(listing)0 2964 y(will)f(con)m(tain)i(the)h(n)m |
| | 15688 | (um)m(b)s(ers)h(as)f(directly)f(stored)h(in)f(the)h(common)e(blo)s(c)m |
| | 15689 | (k)h Fq(LUJETS)308 3156 y(COMMON/LUJETS/N,K\(4000,5\),)q(P\(40)q(00,5)q |
| | 15690 | (\),V\()q(400)q(0,5\))0 3347 y Fw(F)-8 b(or)44 b(particle)f |
| | 15691 | Fq(I)p Fw(,)i Fq(K\(I,1\))h Fw(th)m(us)f(giv)m(es)g(information)d(on)i |
| | 15692 | (whether)i(or)e(not)h(a)f(jet)h(or)f(particle)f(has)0 |
| | 15693 | 3456 y(fragmen)m(ted)g(or)f(deca)m(y)m(ed,)48 b Fq(K\(I,2\))c |
| | 15694 | Fw(giv)m(es)f(the)g(particle)f(co)s(de,)j Fq(K\(I,3\))g |
| | 15695 | Fw(its)d(origin,)h Fq(K\(I,4\))h Fw(and)0 3564 y Fq(K\(I,5\))e |
| | 15696 | Fw(the)e(p)s(osition)e(of)i(fragmen)m(tation/deca)m(y)f(pro)s(ducts,)k |
| | 15697 | (and)d Fq(P\(I,1)p Fw(\){)p Fq(P\(I,5\))j Fw(momen)m(tum,)0 |
| | 15698 | 3672 y(energy)32 b(and)g(mass.)43 b(The)32 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)e |
| | 15699 | (lines)h(in)f(curren)m(t)j(use)f(is)f(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)j |
| | 15700 | Fq(N)p Fw(,)d(i.e.)43 b(1)31 b Fn(\024)g Fq(I)h Fn(\024)f |
| | 15701 | Fq(N)p Fw(.)h(The)g Fq(V)0 3781 y Fw(matrix)g(con)m(tains)i(deca)m(y)h |
| | 15702 | (v)m(ertices;)g(to)e(view)h(those)h Fq(LULIST\(3\))h |
| | 15703 | Fw(has)e(to)f(b)s(e)h(used.)48 b(It)33 b(is)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)0 |
| | 15704 | 3889 y(to)f(learn)g(the)h(rules)g(for)f(ho)m(w)h(information)c(is)j |
| | 15705 | (stored)i(in)d Fq(LUJETS)p Fw(.)146 3997 y(The)40 b(third)e(line)f(in)h |
| | 15706 | (the)h(program)f(illustrates)f(another)h(imp)s(ortan)m(t)f(p)s(oin)m(t) |
| | 15707 | h(ab)s(out)g Fm(Jetset)p Fw(:)55 b(a)0 4106 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)41 |
| | 15708 | b(of)g(routines)g(are)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)38 b(for)j(manipulating)c |
| | 15709 | (the)42 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record)e(after)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(has)0 |
| | 15710 | 4214 y(b)s(een)33 b(generated.)44 b(Th)m(us)33 b Fq(LUEDIT\(3\))i |
| | 15711 | Fw(will)29 b(remo)m(v)m(e)k(ev)m(erything)g(except)h(stable)d(c)m |
| | 15712 | (harged)i(particles,)0 4322 y(as)42 b(sho)m(wn)g(b)m(y)h(the)e(result)h |
| | 15713 | (of)f(the)h(second)g Fq(LULIST)h Fw(call.)69 b(More)41 |
| | 15714 | b(adv)-5 b(anced)43 b(p)s(ossibilities)38 b(include)0 |
| | 15715 | 4431 y(things)32 b(lik)m(e)g(sphericit)m(y)h(or)f(clustering)g |
| | 15716 | (routines.)146 4539 y(Apart)g(from)f(the)h(input)g(argumen)m(ts)g(of)g |
| | 15717 | (subroutine)g(calls,)f(con)m(trol)g(on)h(the)h(doings)e(of)39 |
| | 15718 | b Fm(Jetset)0 4647 y Fw(ma)m(y)46 b(b)s(e)h(imp)s(osed)e(via)g(the)i |
| | 15719 | Fq(LUDAT1)p Fw(,)52 b Fq(LUDAT2)p Fw(,)f Fq(LUDAT3)d |
| | 15720 | Fw(and)e Fq(LUDAT4)i Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(ks.)85 b(Here)0 |
| | 15721 | 4756 y(sensible)36 b(default)e(v)-5 b(alues)36 b(are)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)h |
| | 15722 | (pro)m(vided.)52 b(A)36 b(user)g(migh)m(t)e(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)f(switc)m |
| | 15723 | (h)h(o\013)f(all)f(particle)0 4864 y(deca)m(ys)50 b(b)m(y)f(putting)g |
| | 15724 | Fq(MSTJ\(21\)=0)h Fw(or)e(increase)g(the)h(s)p Fj(=)p |
| | 15725 | Fw(u)f(ratio)f(in)g(fragmen)m(tation)f(b)m(y)j(putting)0 |
| | 15726 | 4972 y Fq(PARJ\(2\)=0.40)p Fw(,)37 b(to)c(giv)m(e)g(but)g(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 15727 | (examples.)46 b(It)33 b(is)g(b)m(y)h(exploring)e(the)i(p)s |
| | 15728 | (ossibilities)c(o\013ered)k(here)0 5081 y(that)c Fm(Jetset)g |
| | 15729 | Fw(can)g(b)s(e)h(turned)g(in)m(to)f(an)h(extremely)f(v)m(ersatile)g(to) |
| | 15730 | s(ol,)g(ev)m(en)i(if)d(all)g(the)i(nice)f(ph)m(ysics)i(is)0 |
| | 15731 | 5189 y(already)g(presen)m(t)i(in)e(the)h(default)f(v)-5 |
| | 15732 | b(alues.)146 5297 y(As)39 b(a)f(\014nal,)h(semirealistic)c(example,)k |
| | 15733 | (assume)g(that)f(the)g Fj(p)2391 5312 y Fk(?)2489 5297 |
| | 15734 | y Fw(sp)s(ectrum)g(of)g Fj(\031)3096 5261 y Fl(+)3193 |
| | 15735 | 5297 y Fw(particles)f(is)h(to)0 5406 y(b)s(e)c(studied)h(in)f(91.2)f |
| | 15736 | (GeV)h(e)1071 5370 y Fl(+)1131 5406 y Fw(e)1174 5370 |
| | 15737 | y Fk(\000)1267 5406 y Fw(annihilation)d(ev)m(en)m(ts,)37 |
| | 15738 | b(where)e Fj(p)2468 5421 y Fk(?)2562 5406 y Fw(is)e(to)h(b)s(e)h |
| | 15739 | (de\014ned)g(with)f(resp)s(ect)0 5514 y(to)j(the)g(sphericit)m(y)g |
| | 15740 | (axis.)57 b(Using)36 b(the)i(HBOOK)e(pac)m(k)-5 b(age)38 |
| | 15741 | b(\(v)m(ersion)f(4,)h(w)m(atc)m(h)h(out)d(for)h(v)m(ersion-)g(or)0 |
| | 15742 | 5622 y(installation-sp)s(eci\014c)29 b(di\013erences\))34 |
| | 15743 | b(for)e(histogramming,)d(a)j(complete)g(program)g(migh)m(t)f(lo)s(ok)g |
| | 15744 | (lik)m(e)1841 5953 y(38)p eop |
| | 15745 | %%Page: 39 45 |
| | 15746 | 39 44 bop 0 -18 a Fq(C...Common)54 b(blocks.)308 90 y |
| | 15747 | (COMMON/LUJETS/N,K\(4000,5\),)q(P\(40)q(00,5)q(\),V\()q(400)q(0,5\))308 |
| | 15748 | 198 y(COMMON/PAWC/HMEMOR\(10000\))0 415 y(C...Reserve)g(histogram)g |
| | 15749 | (memory)f(and)f(book)g(histograms.)308 523 y(CALL)g(HLIMIT\(10000\))308 |
| | 15750 | 632 y(CALL)g(HBOOK1\(1,'pT)i(spectrum)g(of)e(pi+',100,0.,5.,0.\))0 |
| | 15751 | 848 y(C...Number)i(of)e(events)h(to)e(generate.)j(Loop)e(over)h |
| | 15752 | (events.)308 957 y(NEVT=100)308 1065 y(DO)e(110)h(IEVT=1,NEVT)0 |
| | 15753 | 1282 y(C...Generate)i(event.)f(List)g(first)f(one.)308 |
| | 15754 | 1390 y(CALL)g(LUEEVT\(0,91.2\))308 1498 y(IF\(IEVT.EQ.1\))i(CALL)f |
| | 15755 | (LULIST\(1\))0 1715 y(C...Find)g(sphericity)h(axis)f(and)f(rotate)h |
| | 15756 | (event)f(so)g(sphericity)i(along)e(z)g(axis.)308 1823 |
| | 15757 | y(CALL)g(LUSPHE\(SPH,APL\))308 1932 y(CALL)g(LUEDIT\(31\))0 |
| | 15758 | 2148 y(C...Loop)h(over)g(all)f(particles,)i(but)e(skip)g(if)g(not)g |
| | 15759 | (pi+.)308 2257 y(DO)f(100)h(I=1,N)308 2365 y(IF\(K\(I,2\).NE.211\))j |
| | 15760 | (GOTO)e(100)0 2582 y(C...Calculate)i(pT)d(and)g(fill)g(in)g(histogram.) |
| | 15761 | 308 2690 y(PT=SQRT\(P\(I,1\)**2+P\(I,2\)**)q(2\))308 |
| | 15762 | 2798 y(CALL)g(HF1\(1,PT,1.\))0 3015 y(C...End)h(of)f(particle)h(and)f |
| | 15763 | (event)h(loops.)103 3123 y(100)f(CONTINUE)103 3232 y(110)g(CONTINUE)0 |
| | 15764 | 3448 y(C...Normalize)j(histogram)e(properly)h(and)e(list)g(it.)308 |
| | 15765 | 3557 y(CALL)g(HOPERA\(1,'+',1,1,20./NEVT)q(,0.\))308 |
| | 15766 | 3665 y(CALL)g(HISTDO)308 3882 y(END)0 4073 y Fw(Study)39 |
| | 15767 | b(this)f(program,)g(try)g(to)g(understand)h(what)f(happ)s(ens)h(at)f |
| | 15768 | (eac)m(h)h(step,)h(and)e(run)h(it)e(to)g(c)m(hec)m(k)0 |
| | 15769 | 4182 y(that)h(it)g(w)m(orks.)63 b(Y)-8 b(ou)38 b(should)h(then)g(b)s(e) |
| | 15770 | g(ready)g(to)f(lo)s(ok)f(at)i(the)g(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)38 |
| | 15771 | b(sections)h(of)f(this)h(rep)s(ort)0 4290 y(and)33 b(start)f(writing)f |
| | 15772 | (y)m(our)i(o)m(wn)h(programs.)0 4564 y Fp(3.6)135 b(Getting)46 |
| | 15773 | b(Started)g(with)f(PYTHIA)0 4737 y Fw(A)25 b Fm(Pythia)g |
| | 15774 | Fw(run)h(has)f(to)g(b)s(e)h(more)e(strictly)g(organized)h(than)g(a)g |
| | 15775 | Fm(Jetset)f Fw(one,)j(in)d(that)h(it)f(is)h(necessary)0 |
| | 15776 | 4845 y(to)34 b(initialize)d(the)k(generation)f(b)s(efore)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 15777 | (ts)j(can)e(b)s(e)g(generated,)h(and)e(in)g(that)g(it)g(is)g(not)g(p)s |
| | 15778 | (ossible)0 4953 y(to)j(c)m(hange)h(switc)m(hes)h(and)e(parameters)h |
| | 15779 | (freely)f(during)g(the)g(course)i(of)d(the)i(run.)58 |
| | 15780 | b(A)37 b(fairly)f(precise)0 5062 y(recip)s(e)d(for)f(ho)m(w)h(a)f(run)h |
| | 15781 | (should)f(b)s(e)h(structured)h(can)f(therefore)g(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en.)146 |
| | 15782 | 5170 y(Th)m(us,)i(the)e(usage)g(of)39 b Fm(Pythia)32 |
| | 15783 | b Fw(can)h(b)s(e)g(sub)s(divided)g(in)m(to)f(three)h(steps.)119 |
| | 15784 | 5283 y(1.)49 b(The)42 b(initialization)35 b(step.)70 |
| | 15785 | b(It)41 b(is)g(here)h(that)e(all)f(the)j(basic)f(c)m(haracteristics)g |
| | 15786 | (of)g(the)g(coming)244 5391 y(generation)32 b(are)g(sp)s(eci\014ed.)45 |
| | 15787 | b(The)33 b(material)d(in)i(this)g(section)h(includes)f(the)h(follo)m |
| | 15788 | (wing.)360 5509 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Common)32 b(blo)s(c)m(ks,)h(at)f |
| | 15789 | (least)g(the)h(follo)m(wing,)d(and)j(ma)m(yb)s(e)f(some)h(more:)766 |
| | 15790 | 5627 y Fq(COMMON/LUJETS/N,K\(4000,5\))q(,P\()q(4000)q(,5\),)q(V\(40)q |
| | 15791 | (00,)q(5\))1841 5953 y Fw(39)p eop |
| | 15792 | %%Page: 40 46 |
| | 15793 | 40 45 bop 766 -18 a Fq(COMMON/LUDAT1/MSTU\(200\),P)q(ARU)q(\(200)q |
| | 15794 | (\),MS)q(TJ\(2)q(00\))q(,PAR)q(J\(20)q(0\))766 90 y |
| | 15795 | (COMMON/PYSUBS/MSEL,MSUB\(2)q(00\))q(,KFI)q(N\(2,)q(-40:)q(40\))q(,CKI) |
| | 15796 | q(N\(20)q(0\))766 198 y(COMMON/PYPARS/MSTP\(200\),P)q(ARP)q(\(200)q |
| | 15797 | (\),MS)q(TI\(2)q(00\))q(,PAR)q(I\(20)q(0\))360 321 y |
| | 15798 | Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Selection)d(of)f(required)h(pro)s(cesses.)82 |
| | 15799 | b(Some)45 b(\014xed)h(`men)m(us')f(of)g(subpro)s(cesses)i(can)e(b)s(e) |
| | 15800 | 458 429 y(selected)33 b(with)f(di\013eren)m(t)f Fq(MSEL)i |
| | 15801 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)32 b(but)g(with)f Fq(MSEL)p Fw(=0)h(it)f(is)g(p)s |
| | 15802 | (ossible)g(to)h(comp)s(ose)458 537 y(`\022)-49 b(a)37 |
| | 15803 | b(la)f(carte',)j(using)e(the)g(subpro)s(cess)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers.)58 |
| | 15804 | b(T)-8 b(o)37 b(generate)h(pro)s(cesses)h(14,)f(18)e(and)458 |
| | 15805 | 646 y(29,)d(for)f(instance,)h(one)g(needs)766 764 y Fq(MSEL=0)766 |
| | 15806 | 872 y(MSUB\(14\)=1)766 980 y(MSUB\(18\)=1)766 1089 y(MSUB\(29\)=1)360 |
| | 15807 | 1211 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Selection)39 b(of)f(kinematics)h(cuts)g(in)g |
| | 15808 | (the)g Fq(CKIN)h Fw(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)63 b(T)-8 b(o)39 |
| | 15809 | b(generate)h(hard)f(scatterings)458 1319 y(with)33 b(5)f(GeV)h |
| | 15810 | Fn(\024)28 b Fj(p)1142 1334 y Fk(?)1228 1319 y Fn(\024)33 |
| | 15811 | b Fw(10)f(GeV,)h(for)f(instance,)h(use)766 1437 y Fq(CKIN\(3\)=5.)766 |
| | 15812 | 1546 y(CKIN\(4\)=10.)458 1663 y Fw(Unfortunately)-8 b(,)27 |
| | 15813 | b(initial-)21 b(and)26 b(\014nal-state)f(radiation)e(will)g(shift)i |
| | 15814 | (around)h(the)f(kinematics)458 1772 y(of)f(the)h(hard)f(scattering,)i |
| | 15815 | (making)d(the)h(e\013ects)i(of)d(cuts)j(less)e(predictable.)40 |
| | 15816 | b(One)25 b(therefore)458 1880 y(alw)m(a)m(ys)33 b(has)f(to)f(b)s(e)h(v) |
| | 15817 | m(ery)h(careful)e(that)h(no)g(desired)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(con\014gurations) |
| | 15818 | f(are)f(cut)i(out.)360 1998 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(De\014nition)31 |
| | 15819 | b(of)h(underlying)g(ph)m(ysics)j(scenario,)d(e.g.)44 |
| | 15820 | b(top)32 b(mass.)360 2116 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Selection)28 |
| | 15821 | b(of)f(parton-distribution)e(sets,)30 b Fj(Q)2104 2079 |
| | 15822 | y Fl(2)2172 2116 y Fw(de\014nitions,)e(and)g(all)e(other)i(details)f |
| | 15823 | (of)g(the)458 2224 y(generation.)360 2342 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 15824 | b Fw(Switc)m(hing)34 b(o\013)g(of)f(generator)h(parts)g(not)g(needed)i |
| | 15825 | (for)d(to)m(y)i(sim)m(ulations,)d(e.g.)48 b(fragmen-)458 |
| | 15826 | 2450 y(tation)32 b(for)g(parton)g(lev)m(el)g(studies.)360 |
| | 15827 | 2568 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Initialization)40 b(of)k(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i |
| | 15828 | (generation)e(pro)s(cedure.)79 b(Here)45 b(kinematics)e(is)g(set)i(up,) |
| | 15829 | 458 2676 y(maxima)d(of)h(di\013eren)m(tial)f(cross)j(sections)g(are)f |
| | 15830 | (found)g(for)f(future)h(Mon)m(te)h(Carlo)e(gen-)458 2785 |
| | 15831 | y(eration,)g(and)f(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(other)h(preparatory)f |
| | 15832 | (tasks)i(carried)e(out.)70 b(Initialization)458 2893 |
| | 15833 | y(is)41 b(p)s(erformed)g(b)m(y)i Fq(PYINIT)p Fw(,)g(whic)m(h)e(should)g |
| | 15834 | (b)s(e)h(called)e(only)g(after)h(the)h(switc)m(hes)g(and)458 |
| | 15835 | 3001 y(parameters)35 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f(set)f |
| | 15836 | (to)g(their)g(desired)g(v)-5 b(alues.)48 b(The)35 b(frame,)f(the)g(b)s |
| | 15837 | (eam)458 3110 y(particles)e(and)h(the)g(energy)h(ha)m(v)m(e)f(to)g(b)s |
| | 15838 | (e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)766 3227 y Fq(CALL)52 b(PYINIT\('CMS','p','pbar')q |
| | 15839 | (,180)q(0.\))360 3350 y Fn(\017)c Fw(An)m(y)34 b(other)f(initial)c |
| | 15840 | (material)g(required)k(b)m(y)h(the)f(user,)h(e.g.)43 |
| | 15841 | b(histogram)31 b(b)s(o)s(oking.)119 3468 y(2.)49 b(The)37 |
| | 15842 | b(generation)e(lo)s(op.)53 b(It)36 b(is)g(here)g(that)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)j |
| | 15843 | (are)d(generated)h(and)f(studied.)54 b(It)37 b(includes)244 |
| | 15844 | 3576 y(the)c(follo)m(wing)d(tasks:)360 3694 y Fn(\017)48 |
| | 15845 | b Fw(Generation)32 b(of)g(the)h(next)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)g(with)766 |
| | 15846 | 3812 y Fq(CALL)52 b(PYEVNT)360 3934 y Fn(\017)c Fw(Prin)m(ting)32 |
| | 15847 | b(of)g(a)g(few)h(ev)m(en)m(ts,)i(to)e(c)m(hec)m(k)h(that)f(ev)m |
| | 15848 | (erything)g(is)g(w)m(orking)f(as)h(planned,)f(with)766 |
| | 15849 | 4052 y Fq(CALL)52 b(LULIST\(1\))360 4174 y Fn(\017)c |
| | 15850 | Fw(An)37 b(analysis)e(of)h(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(for)e(prop)s(erties)g |
| | 15851 | (of)f(in)m(terest,)j(either)e(directly)f(reading)h(out)458 |
| | 15852 | 4283 y(information)42 b(from)i(the)h Fq(LUJETS)i Fw(common)c(blo)s(c)m |
| | 15853 | (k)i(or)g(making)e(use)j(of)f(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)458 |
| | 15854 | 4391 y(utilit)m(y)31 b(routines)i(in)e Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)360 |
| | 15855 | 4509 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Sa)m(ving)33 b(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(on)d(tap)s |
| | 15856 | (e,)h(or)f(in)m(terfacing)f(to)i(detector)g(sim)m(ulation.)119 |
| | 15857 | 4627 y(3.)49 b(The)33 b(\014nishing)f(step.)45 b(Here)33 |
| | 15858 | b(the)g(tasks)h(are:)360 4745 y Fn(\017)48 b Fw(Prin)m(ting)43 |
| | 15859 | b(a)h(table)g(of)f(deduced)j(cross)f(sections,)j(obtained)43 |
| | 15860 | b(as)i(a)f(b)m(y-pro)s(duct)g(of)g(the)458 4853 y(Mon)m(te)34 |
| | 15861 | b(Carlo)d(generation)h(activit)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(with)h(the)g(command)766 |
| | 15862 | 4971 y Fq(CALL)52 b(PYSTAT\(1\))360 5093 y Fn(\017)c |
| | 15863 | Fw(Prin)m(ting)32 b(histograms)f(and)i(other)g(user)g(output.)146 |
| | 15864 | 5211 y(T)-8 b(o)36 b(illustrate)d(this)i(structure,)j(imagine)33 |
| | 15865 | b(a)i(to)m(y)h(example,)g(where)h(one)f(w)m(an)m(ts)h(to)e(sim)m(ulate) |
| | 15866 | f(the)0 5319 y(pro)s(duction)46 b(of)g(a)h(300)f(GeV)h(Higgs)f |
| | 15867 | (particle.)85 b(In)47 b Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)k(a)46 b(program)g(for)g(this) |
| | 15868 | g(migh)m(t)g(lo)s(ok)0 5428 y(something)32 b(lik)m(e)f(the)i(follo)m |
| | 15869 | (wing.)0 5619 y Fq(C...Common)54 b(blocks.)1841 5953 |
| | 15870 | y Fw(40)p eop |
| | 15871 | %%Page: 41 47 |
| | 15872 | 41 46 bop 308 -18 a Fq(COMMON/LUJETS/N,K\(4000,5\),)q(P\(40)q(00,5)q |
| | 15873 | (\),V\()q(400)q(0,5\))308 90 y(COMMON/LUDAT1/MSTU\(200\),PA)q(RU\(2)q |
| | 15874 | (00\),)q(MSTJ)q(\(20)q(0\),P)q(ARJ\()q(200\))308 198 |
| | 15875 | y(COMMON/LUDAT2/KCHG\(500,3\),)q(PMAS)q(\(500)q(,4\),)q(PAR)q(F\(20)q |
| | 15876 | (00\),)q(VCKM)q(\(4,4)q(\))308 307 y(COMMON/LUDAT3/MDCY\(500,3\),)q |
| | 15877 | (MDME)q(\(200)q(0,2\))q(,BR)q(AT\(2)q(000\))q(,KFD)q(P\(20)q(00,)q(5\)) |
| | 15878 | 308 415 y(COMMON/PYSUBS/MSEL,MSUB\(20)q(0\),K)q(FIN\()q(2,-4)q(0:4)q |
| | 15879 | (0\),C)q(KIN\()q(200\))308 523 y(COMMON/PYPARS/MSTP\(200\),PA)q(RP\(2)q |
| | 15880 | (00\),)q(MSTI)q(\(20)q(0\),P)q(ARI\()q(200\))308 632 |
| | 15881 | y(COMMON/PAWC/HBOOK\(10000\))0 848 y(C...Number)54 b(of)e(events)h(to)e |
| | 15882 | (generate.)j(Switch)f(on)f(proper)h(processes.)308 957 |
| | 15883 | y(NEV=1000)308 1065 y(MSEL=0)308 1173 y(MSUB\(102\)=1)308 |
| | 15884 | 1282 y(MSUB\(123\)=1)308 1390 y(MSUB\(124\)=1)0 1607 |
| | 15885 | y(C...Select)h(t)d(and)i(H)e(masses)i(and)f(kinematics)i(cuts)e(in)g |
| | 15886 | (mass.)308 1715 y(PMAS\(6,1\)=140.)308 1823 y(PMAS\(25,1\)=300.)308 |
| | 15887 | 1932 y(CKIN\(1\)=290.)308 2040 y(CKIN\(2\)=310.)0 2257 |
| | 15888 | y(C...For)h(simulation)h(of)e(hard)g(process)h(only:)g(cut)f(out)g |
| | 15889 | (unnecessary)i(tasks.)308 2365 y(MSTP\(61\)=0)308 2473 |
| | 15890 | y(MSTP\(71\)=0)308 2582 y(MSTP\(81\)=0)308 2690 y(MSTP\(111\)=0)0 |
| | 15891 | 2907 y(C...Initialize)h(and)d(list)g(partial)i(widths.)308 |
| | 15892 | 3015 y(CALL)e(PYINIT\('CMS','p','p',1600)q(0.\))308 3123 |
| | 15893 | y(CALL)g(PYSTAT\(2\))0 3340 y(C...Book)h(histograms.)308 |
| | 15894 | 3448 y(CALL)f(HLIMIT\(10000\))308 3557 y(CALL)g(HBOOK1\(1,'Higgs)j |
| | 15895 | (mass',50,275.,325.,0.\))0 3774 y(C...Generate)f(events.)g(Look)e(at)g |
| | 15896 | (first)g(few.)308 3882 y(DO)f(200)h(IEV=1,NEV)308 3990 |
| | 15897 | y(CALL)g(PYEVNT)308 4099 y(IF\(IEV.LE.3\))i(CALL)e(LULIST\(1\))0 |
| | 15898 | 4315 y(C...Loop)h(over)g(particles)g(to)f(find)h(Higgs)f(and)g |
| | 15899 | (histogram)i(its)e(mass.)308 4424 y(DO)f(100)h(I=1,N)103 |
| | 15900 | 4532 y(100)g(IF\(K\(I,2\).EQ.25\))j(HMASS=P\(I,5\))308 |
| | 15901 | 4640 y(CALL)d(HF1\(1,HMASS,1.\))103 4749 y(200)g(CONTINUE)0 |
| | 15902 | 4965 y(C...Print)i(cross)e(sections)i(and)e(histograms.)308 |
| | 15903 | 5074 y(CALL)g(PYSTAT\(1\))308 5182 y(CALL)g(HISTDO)308 |
| | 15904 | 5399 y(END)146 5561 y Fw(Here)32 b(102,)f(123)g(and)h(124)e(are)i(the)g |
| | 15905 | (three)g(main)d(Higgs)i(pro)s(duction)g(graphs)g(gg)e |
| | 15906 | Fn(!)e Fw(H,)32 b(ZZ)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(H,)0 5669 y(and)47 |
| | 15907 | b(WW)55 b Fn(!)d Fw(H,)f(and)c Fq(MSUB\(ISUB\)=1)j Fw(is)d(the)g |
| | 15908 | (command)f(to)h(switc)m(h)h(on)f(pro)s(cess)h Fq(ISUB)p |
| | 15909 | Fw(.)h(F)-8 b(ull)1841 5953 y(41)p eop |
| | 15910 | %%Page: 42 48 |
| | 15911 | 42 47 bop 0 -18 a Fw(freedom)35 b(to)h(com)m(bine)f(subpro)s(cesses)k |
| | 15912 | (`\022)-49 b(a)35 b(la)g(carte')h(is)f(ensured)i(b)m(y)h |
| | 15913 | Fq(MSEL=0)p Fw(;)h(ready-made)d(`men)m(us')0 90 y(can)c(b)s(e)g |
| | 15914 | (ordered)g(with)f(other)h Fq(MSEL)h Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers.)44 |
| | 15915 | b(The)33 b Fq(PMAS)f Fw(commands)f(set)i(the)f(masses)g(of)g(the)g(top) |
| | 15916 | 0 198 y(quark)40 b(and)e(the)i(Higgs)e(itself,)h(and)g(the)g |
| | 15917 | Fq(CKIN)g Fw(v)-5 b(ariables)38 b(the)h(desired)g(mass)g(range)g(of)f |
| | 15918 | (the)h(Higgs)0 307 y(|)34 b(a)g(Higgs)f(with)h(a)g(300)g(GeV)g(nominal) |
| | 15919 | d(mass)k(actually)e(has)h(a)g(fairly)f(broad)h(Breit{Wigner)f(t)m(yp)s |
| | 15920 | (e)0 415 y(mass)f(distribution.)42 b(The)33 b Fq(MSTP)h |
| | 15921 | Fw(switc)m(hes)g(that)e(come)g(next)h(are)g(there)g(to)f(mo)s(dify)e |
| | 15922 | (the)j(generation)0 523 y(pro)s(cedure,)d(in)d(this)h(case)h(to)f |
| | 15923 | (switc)m(h)h(o\013)e(initial-)d(and)k(\014nal-state)g(radiation,)f(m)m |
| | 15924 | (ultiple)e(in)m(teractions)0 632 y(among)c(b)s(eam)h(jets,)j(and)d |
| | 15925 | (fragmen)m(tation,)h(to)f(giv)m(e)g(only)g(the)h(`parton)f(sk)m |
| | 15926 | (eleton')i(of)e(the)h(hard)f(pro)s(cess.)0 740 y(The)28 |
| | 15927 | b Fq(PYINIT)h Fw(call)c(initializes)f Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)k(b)m(y)g |
| | 15928 | (\014nding)f(maxima)d(of)j(cross)h(sections,)h(recalculating)c(the)0 |
| | 15929 | 848 y(Higgs)30 b(deca)m(y)i(prop)s(erties)f(\(whic)m(h)g(dep)s(end)h |
| | 15930 | (on)e(the)h(Higgs)f(mass\),)h(etc.)44 b(The)31 b(deca)m(y)i(prop)s |
| | 15931 | (erties)d(can)0 957 y(b)s(e)j(listed)e(with)i Fq(PYSTAT\(2\))p |
| | 15932 | Fw(.)146 1065 y(Inside)41 b(the)f(ev)m(en)m(t)h(lo)s(op,)f |
| | 15933 | Fq(PYEVNT)i Fw(is)d(called)g(to)g(generate)h(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)k(and)39 |
| | 15934 | b Fq(LULIST\(1\))k Fw(to)c(list)0 1173 y(the)29 b(ev)m(en)m(t.)45 |
| | 15935 | b(The)29 b(information)d(used)k(b)m(y)i Fq(LULIST\(1\))f |
| | 15936 | Fw(is)d(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(record,)h(stored)e(in)f(the)i(common)0 |
| | 15937 | 1282 y(blo)s(c)m(k)24 b Fq(LUJETS)p Fw(.)i(Here)f(one)g(\014nds)g(all)d |
| | 15938 | (pro)s(duced)k(particles,)f(b)s(oth)f(\014nal)f(and)i(in)m(termediate)e |
| | 15939 | (ones,)k(with)0 1390 y(information)35 b(on)i(particle)g(sp)s(ecies)h |
| | 15940 | (and)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(history)d(\()p Fq(K)h Fw(arra)m(y\),)h(particle)e |
| | 15941 | (momen)m(ta)g(\()p Fq(P)g Fw(arra)m(y\))0 1498 y(and)g(pro)s(duction)f |
| | 15942 | (v)m(ertices)i(\()p Fq(V)f Fw(arra)m(y\).)55 b(In)37 |
| | 15943 | b(the)h(lo)s(op)d(o)m(v)m(er)j(all)c(particles)i(pro)s(duced,)j |
| | 15944 | Fq(1)e Fw(through)f Fq(N)p Fw(,)0 1607 y(the)d(Higgs)f(particle)f(is)h |
| | 15945 | (found)h(b)m(y)g(its)f(co)s(de,)h Fq(K\(I,2\)=25)p Fw(,)i(and)e(its)f |
| | 15946 | (mass)h(is)f(stored)h(in)f Fq(P\(I,5\))p Fw(.)146 1715 |
| | 15947 | y(After)38 b(all)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(ha)m(v)m(e)f(b)s(een)f(generated,)i |
| | 15948 | Fq(PYSTAT\(1\))g Fw(giv)m(es)e(a)f(summary)h(of)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 15949 | (er)g(of)0 1823 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)d(generated)e(in)f(the)h(v)-5 |
| | 15950 | b(arious)32 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(c)m(hannels,)h(and)g(the)g(inferred)f |
| | 15951 | (cross)i(sections.)146 1932 y(In)f(the)g(run)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)h(a)e(t) |
| | 15952 | m(ypical)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(listing)c(migh)m(t)h(lo)s(ok)h(lik)m(e)g(the)h |
| | 15953 | (follo)m(wing.)1282 2121 y Fq(Event)52 b(listing)h(\(summary\))205 |
| | 15954 | 2338 y(I)103 b(particle/jet)259 b(KF)206 b(p_x)308 b(p_y)h(p_z)359 |
| | 15955 | b(E)411 b(m)205 2555 y(1)103 b(!p+!)565 b(2212)206 b(0.000)g(0.000)53 |
| | 15956 | b(8000.000)g(8000.000)208 b(0.938)205 2663 y(2)103 b(!p+!)565 |
| | 15957 | b(2212)206 b(0.000)g(0.000-8000.000)55 b(8000.000)208 |
| | 15958 | b(0.938)51 2771 y(========================)q(====)q(===)q(====)q(====)q |
| | 15959 | (====)q(===)q(====)q(====)q(====)q(====)q(===)q(====)q(=)205 |
| | 15960 | 2880 y(3)103 b(!g!)718 b(21)155 b(-0.505)g(-0.229)h(28.553)f(28.558)207 |
| | 15961 | b(0.000)205 2988 y(4)103 b(!g!)718 b(21)206 b(0.224)g(0.041)53 |
| | 15962 | b(-788.073)105 b(788.073)207 b(0.000)205 3096 y(5)103 |
| | 15963 | b(!g!)718 b(21)155 b(-0.505)g(-0.229)h(28.553)f(28.558)207 |
| | 15964 | b(0.000)205 3205 y(6)103 b(!g!)718 b(21)206 b(0.224)g(0.041)53 |
| | 15965 | b(-788.073)105 b(788.073)207 b(0.000)205 3313 y(7)103 |
| | 15966 | b(!H0!)667 b(25)155 b(-0.281)g(-0.188)53 b(-759.520)105 |
| | 15967 | b(816.631)f(300.027)205 3421 y(8)f(!W+!)667 b(24)103 |
| | 15968 | b(120.648)156 b(35.239)53 b(-397.843)105 b(424.829)155 |
| | 15969 | b(80.023)205 3530 y(9)103 b(!W-!)616 b(-24)52 b(-120.929)105 |
| | 15970 | b(-35.426)53 b(-361.677)105 b(391.801)155 b(82.579)154 |
| | 15971 | 3638 y(10)103 b(!e+!)616 b(-11)155 b(12.922)g(-4.760)53 |
| | 15972 | b(-160.940)105 b(161.528)207 b(0.001)154 3746 y(11)103 |
| | 15973 | b(!nu_e!)565 b(12)103 b(107.726)156 b(39.999)53 b(-236.903)105 |
| | 15974 | b(263.302)207 b(0.000)154 3855 y(12)103 b(!s!)770 b(3)102 |
| | 15975 | b(-62.423)207 b(7.195)53 b(-256.713)105 b(264.292)207 |
| | 15976 | b(0.199)154 3963 y(13)103 b(!c~!)667 b(-4)103 b(-58.506)i(-42.621)53 |
| | 15977 | b(-104.963)105 b(127.509)207 b(1.350)51 4071 y |
| | 15978 | (========================)q(====)q(===)q(====)q(====)q(====)q(===)q |
| | 15979 | (====)q(====)q(====)q(====)q(===)q(====)q(=)154 4180 |
| | 15980 | y(14)103 b(\(H0\))667 b(25)155 b(-0.281)g(-0.188)53 b(-759.520)105 |
| | 15981 | b(816.631)f(300.027)154 4288 y(15)f(\(W+\))667 b(24)103 |
| | 15982 | b(120.648)156 b(35.239)53 b(-397.843)105 b(424.829)155 |
| | 15983 | b(80.023)154 4396 y(16)103 b(\(W-\))616 b(-24)52 b(-120.929)105 |
| | 15984 | b(-35.426)53 b(-361.677)105 b(391.801)155 b(82.579)154 |
| | 15985 | 4505 y(17)103 b(e+)718 b(-11)155 b(12.922)g(-4.760)53 |
| | 15986 | b(-160.940)105 b(161.528)207 b(0.001)154 4613 y(18)103 |
| | 15987 | b(nu_e)667 b(12)103 b(107.726)156 b(39.999)53 b(-236.903)105 |
| | 15988 | b(263.302)207 b(0.000)154 4721 y(19)103 b(s)462 b(A)359 |
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| | 15991 | (-42.621)53 b(-104.963)105 b(127.509)207 b(1.350)154 |
| | 15992 | 4938 y(21)103 b(ud_1)309 b(A)205 b(2103)155 b(-0.101)206 |
| | 15993 | b(0.176)53 b(7971.328)g(7971.328)208 b(0.771)154 5046 |
| | 15994 | y(22)103 b(d)462 b(V)359 b(1)154 b(-0.316)206 b(0.001)104 |
| | 15995 | b(-87.390)156 b(87.390)207 b(0.010)154 5155 y(23)103 |
| | 15996 | b(u)462 b(A)359 b(2)205 b(0.606)h(0.052)156 b(-0.751)206 |
| | 15997 | b(0.967)h(0.006)154 5263 y(24)103 b(uu_1)309 b(V)205 |
| | 15998 | b(2203)h(0.092)155 b(-0.042-7123.668)55 b(7123.668)208 |
| | 15999 | b(0.771)51 5371 y(========================)q(====)q(===)q(====)q(====)q |
| | 16000 | (====)q(===)q(====)q(====)q(====)q(====)q(===)q(====)q(=)820 |
| | 16001 | 5480 y(sum:)104 b(2.00)257 b(0.00)h(0.00)f(0.00)52 b(15999.98)i |
| | 16002 | (15999.98)0 5669 y Fw(The)29 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(ev)m(en)m(t)g(listing)c |
| | 16003 | (is)i(abnormally)e(short,)k(in)d(part)i(b)s(ecause)h(some)e(columns)g |
| | 16004 | (of)g(information)1841 5953 y(42)p eop |
| | 16005 | %%Page: 43 49 |
| | 16006 | 43 48 bop 0 -18 a Fw(w)m(ere)31 b(remo)m(v)m(ed)f(to)f(mak)m(e)h(it)e |
| | 16007 | (\014t)i(in)m(to)e(this)h(text,)i(in)e(part)g(b)s(ecause)i(all)c |
| | 16008 | (initial-)f(and)j(\014nal-state)g(QCD)0 90 y(radiation,)37 |
| | 16009 | b(all)f(non-trivial)f(b)s(eam)i(jet)h(structure,)i(and)e(all)e(fragmen) |
| | 16010 | m(tation)g(w)m(as)j(inhibited)d(in)h(the)0 198 y(generation.)69 |
| | 16011 | b(Therefore)43 b(only)e(the)g(sk)m(eleton)i(of)d(the)i(pro)s(cess)h(is) |
| | 16012 | e(visible.)68 b(In)42 b(lines)f(1)g(and)g(2)g(one)0 307 |
| | 16013 | y(recognizes)30 b(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(incoming)d(protons.)43 |
| | 16014 | b(In)29 b(lines)f(3)h(and)g(4)g(are)g(incoming)e(partons)j(b)s(efore)f |
| | 16015 | (initial-)0 415 y(state)h(radiation)d(and)j(in)f(5)g(and)h(6)f(after)g |
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| | 16017 | (here.)0 523 y(Line)j(7)g(sho)m(ws)h(the)g(Higgs)e(pro)s(duced)i(b)m(y) |
| | 16018 | h(gg)f(fusion,)e(8)h(and)h(9)f(its)f(deca)m(y)j(pro)s(ducts)f(and)f |
| | 16019 | (10{13)f(the)0 632 y(second-step)37 b(deca)m(y)f(pro)s(ducts.)52 |
| | 16020 | b(Up)35 b(to)g(this)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(lines)f(giv)m(e)h(a)f(summary)h(of) |
| | 16021 | f(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(history)-8 b(,)0 740 y(indicated)36 |
| | 16022 | b(b)m(y)h(the)g(exclamation)e(marks)i(that)f(surround)i(particle)d |
| | 16023 | (names)i(\(and)f(also)g(re\015ected)i(in)0 848 y(the)29 |
| | 16024 | b Fq(K\(I,1\))h Fw(co)s(de,)g(not)e(sho)m(wn\).)44 b(F)-8 |
| | 16025 | b(rom)27 b(line)g(14)h(on)m(w)m(ards)i(come)f(the)g(particles)e |
| | 16026 | (actually)h(pro)s(duced)0 957 y(in)41 b(the)g(\014nal)g(states,)j |
| | 16027 | (\014rst)e(in)e(lines)h(14{16)f(particles)g(that)i(subsequen)m(tly)i |
| | 16028 | (deca)m(y)m(ed,)h(whic)m(h)d(ha)m(v)m(e)0 1065 y(their)g(names)h |
| | 16029 | (surrounded)h(b)m(y)g(brac)m(k)m(ets,)k(and)42 b(\014nally)g(the)h |
| | 16030 | (particles)f(and)h(jets)g(left)f(in)g(the)i(end,)0 1173 |
| | 16031 | y(including)35 b(b)s(eam)h(remnan)m(ts.)56 b(Here)37 |
| | 16032 | b(this)g(also)f(includes)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)e(unfragmen)m(ted)h |
| | 16033 | (jets,)h(since)0 1282 y(fragmen)m(tation)25 b(w)m(as)j(inhibited.)40 |
| | 16034 | b(Ordinarily)-8 b(,)25 b(the)j(listing)c(w)m(ould)j(ha)m(v)m(e)h(gone)f |
| | 16035 | (on)g(for)f(a)h(few)g(h)m(undred)0 1390 y(more)38 b(lines,)i(with)e |
| | 16036 | (the)h(particles)f(pro)s(duced)i(in)e(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(and)i |
| | 16037 | (their)f(deca)m(y)j(pro)s(ducts.)0 1498 y(The)48 b(\014nal)e(line)f |
| | 16038 | (giv)m(es)i(total)f(c)m(harge)h(and)g(momen)m(tum,)i(as)e(a)f(con)m(v)m |
| | 16039 | (enien)m(t)j(c)m(hec)m(k)g(that)d(nothing)0 1607 y(unexp)s(ected)37 |
| | 16040 | b(happ)s(ened.)50 b(The)36 b(\014rst)f(column)e(of)h(the)h(listing)d |
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| | 16042 | 1715 y(the)e(particle)e(name)h(and)g(information)d(on)k(status)g(and)f |
| | 16043 | (string)g(dra)m(wing)g(\(the)h Fq(A)f Fw(and)h Fq(V)p |
| | 16044 | Fw(\),)f(the)h(third)0 1823 y(the)j(particle-\015a)m(v)m(our)f(co)s(de) |
| | 16045 | h(\(whic)m(h)h(is)e(used)i(to)f(giv)m(e)f(the)i(name\),)f(and)g(the)g |
| | 16046 | (subsequen)m(t)j(columns)0 1932 y(giv)m(e)33 b(the)g(momen)m(tum)e |
| | 16047 | (comp)s(onen)m(ts.)146 2040 y(One)g(of)e(the)i(main)d(problems)i(is)f |
| | 16048 | (to)h(select)h(kinematics)e(e\016cien)m(tly)-8 b(.)43 |
| | 16049 | b(Imagine)29 b(for)g(instance)i(that)0 2148 y(one)f(is)g(in)m(terested) |
| | 16050 | h(in)e(the)i(pro)s(duction)e(of)h(a)g(single)f(Z)h(with)f(a)h(transv)m |
| | 16051 | (erse)i(momen)m(tum)d(in)g(excess)k(of)0 2257 y(50)d(GeV.)g(If)h(one)g |
| | 16052 | (tries)f(to)g(generate)h(the)g(inclusiv)m(e)f(sample)f(of)h(Z)g(ev)m |
| | 16053 | (en)m(ts,)k(b)m(y)d(the)g(basic)f(pro)s(duction)0 2365 |
| | 16054 | y(graphs)35 b(q)p 368 2312 52 4 v(q)e Fn(!)e Fw(Z,)k(then)g(most)f(ev)m |
| | 16055 | (en)m(ts)k(will)32 b(ha)m(v)m(e)k(lo)m(w)f(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(ta)c |
| | 16056 | (and)i(will)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(to)e(b)s(e)0 2473 y(discarded.)57 |
| | 16057 | b(That)37 b(an)m(y)h(of)e(the)h(desired)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(are)e(pro)s |
| | 16058 | (duced)g(at)g(all)e(is)h(due)h(to)g(the)g(initial-state)0 |
| | 16059 | 2582 y(generation)j(mac)m(hinery)-8 b(,)43 b(whic)m(h)e(can)g(build)f |
| | 16060 | (up)h(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(ta)d(for)g(the)i(incoming)c(q)j(and)p |
| | 16061 | 0 2637 V 0 2690 a(q.)52 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)38 b(the)d(amoun)m(t)g(of)g |
| | 16062 | (initial-state)c(radiation)i(cannot)i(b)s(e)g(constrained)h(b)s |
| | 16063 | (eforehand.)51 b(T)-8 b(o)0 2798 y(increase)44 b(the)g(e\016ciency)-8 |
| | 16064 | b(,)47 b(one)d(ma)m(y)f(therefore)h(turn)f(to)g(the)h(higher-order)f |
| | 16065 | (pro)s(cesses)i(qg)j Fn(!)d Fw(Zq)0 2907 y(and)39 b(q)p |
| | 16066 | 247 2854 V(q)i Fn(!)d Fw(Zg)q(,)j(where)g(already)d(the)i(hard)g |
| | 16067 | (subpro)s(cess)h(giv)m(es)f(a)f(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum)d(to)h(the) |
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| | 16069 | (constrained)g(as)g(one)g(wishes,)i(but)e(again)f(initial-)c(and)0 |
| | 16070 | 3123 y(\014nal-state)40 b(radiation)e(will)g(smear)i(the)h(picture.)67 |
| | 16071 | b(If)40 b(one)h(w)m(ere)h(to)e(set)h(a)f Fj(p)2889 3138 |
| | 16072 | y Fk(?)2989 3123 y Fw(cut)h(at)f(50)g(GeV)g(for)0 3232 |
| | 16073 | y(the)30 b(hard-pro)s(cess)h(generation,)f(those)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i |
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| | 16079 | (en)m(t)j(shap)s(es.)46 b(In)33 b(the)h(end,)0 3557 y(it)g(is)h |
| | 16080 | (therefore)g(necessary)j(to)d(\014nd)g(some)g(reasonable)g(compromise,) |
| | 16081 | f(b)m(y)i(starting)f(the)g(generation)0 3665 y(at)g(30)f(GeV,)h(sa)m(y) |
| | 16082 | -8 b(,)36 b(if)e(one)h(kno)m(ws)i(that)d(only)h(rarely)f(do)h(ev)m(en)m |
| | 16083 | (ts)i(b)s(elo)m(w)e(this)f(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(\015uctuate)h(up)f(to)0 |
| | 16084 | 3774 y(50)28 b(GeV.)h(Of)f(course,)j(most)d(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(will)26 |
| | 16085 | b(therefore)j(not)g(con)m(tain)f(a)h(Z)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(50)f(GeV,)h |
| | 16086 | (and)g(one)g(will)0 3882 y(ha)m(v)m(e)40 b(to)d(liv)m(e)h(with)g(some)g |
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| | 16089 | (and)g(o)s(ccasionally)e(it)g(can)i(b)s(e)g(ev)m(en)h(w)m(orse.)146 |
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| | 16094 | h(deca)m(y)g(H)3112 4171 y Fl(0)3189 4207 y Fn(!)d Fw(Z)3385 |
| | 16095 | 4171 y Fl(0)3424 4207 y Fw(Z)3484 4171 y Fl(0)3523 4207 |
| | 16096 | y Fw(,)k(with)0 4315 y(eac)m(h)d(Z)283 4279 y Fl(0)356 |
| | 16097 | 4315 y Fn(!)c Fw(e)532 4279 y Fl(+)591 4315 y Fw(e)634 |
| | 16098 | 4279 y Fk(\000)729 4315 y Fw(or)j Fj(\026)911 4279 y |
| | 16099 | Fl(+)970 4315 y Fj(\026)1029 4279 y Fk(\000)1088 4315 |
| | 16100 | y Fw(.)53 b(It)36 b(is)g(therefore)h(necessary)h(to)e(inhibit)d(all)h |
| | 16101 | (other)i(H)3137 4279 y Fl(0)3213 4315 y Fw(and)g(Z)3466 |
| | 16102 | 4279 y Fl(0)3541 4315 y Fw(deca)m(y)0 4424 y(c)m(hannels,)g(and)f(also) |
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| | 16105 | (straigh)m(tforw)m(ard.)49 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)38 b(if)33 |
| | 16106 | b(one)i(w)m(an)m(ted)h(to)e(consider)h(instead)g(the)g(deca)m(y)h(Z) |
| | 16107 | 3465 4496 y Fl(0)3535 4532 y Fn(!)31 b Fw(c)p 3709 4479 |
| | 16108 | 44 4 v(c,)0 4640 y(with)c(a)g(D)g(meson)h(pro)s(ducing)e(a)i(lepton,)g |
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| | 16112 | (and)h(deca)m(y)0 4857 y(treatmen)m(ts)c(w)m(ould)g(no)g(longer)e |
| | 16113 | (decouple\),)k(but)e(also)e(that)i(of)f(additional)e(c)p |
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| | 16115 | 28 b(ev)m(olution,)g(at)f(a)f(rate)i(that)f(is)f(unkno)m(wn)j(b)s |
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| | 16117 | 5074 y(imp)s(ossible)j(to)j(force)f(D)g(deca)m(y)i(mo)s(des)f(in)e(a)i |
| | 16118 | (consisten)m(t)g(manner.)1841 5953 y(43)p eop |
| | 16119 | %%Page: 44 50 |
| | 16120 | 44 49 bop 0 -18 a Ft(4)161 b(Mon)l(te)52 b(Carlo)j(T)-13 |
| | 16121 | b(ec)l(hniques)0 189 y Fw(Quan)m(tum)45 b(mec)m(hanics)g(in)m(tro)s |
| | 16122 | (duces)h(a)f(concept)h(of)e(randomness)i(in)e(the)i(b)s(eha)m(viour)f |
| | 16123 | (of)g(ph)m(ysical)0 297 y(pro)s(cesses.)67 b(The)40 b(virtue)g(of)f(ev) |
| | 16124 | m(en)m(t)i(generators)g(is)e(that)g(this)g(randomness)i(can)e(b)s(e)h |
| | 16125 | (sim)m(ulated)f(b)m(y)0 405 y(the)30 b(use)g(of)f(Mon)m(te)h(Carlo)f |
| | 16126 | (tec)m(hniques.)44 b(In)30 b(the)g(pro)s(cess,)h(the)f(program)e |
| | 16127 | (authors)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(use)i(some)0 514 y(ingen)m(uit)m(y)j(to)f |
| | 16128 | (\014nd)i(the)f(most)f(e\016cien)m(t)i(w)m(a)m(y)g(to)f(sim)m(ulate)e |
| | 16129 | (an)i(assumed)g(probabilit)m(y)e(distribution.)0 622 |
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| | 16132 | 730 y(some)44 b(of)g(the)h(most)f(frequen)m(tly)i(used)g(approac)m(hes) |
| | 16133 | g(are)e(presen)m(ted,)50 b(since)45 b(they)h(will)c(app)s(ear)i(in)0 |
| | 16134 | 839 y(discussions)33 b(in)f(subsequen)m(t)k(sections.)44 |
| | 16135 | b(F)-8 b(urther)33 b(examples)f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(found)g(e.g.)44 |
| | 16136 | b(in)31 b([Jam80)o(].)146 947 y(First)i(of)g(all)f(one)i(assumes)h(the) |
| | 16137 | f(existence)h(of)f(a)f(random)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(generator.)47 |
| | 16138 | b(This)34 b(is)f(a)h(\(F)-8 b(or-)0 1055 y(tran\))35 |
| | 16139 | b(function)g(whic)m(h,)i(eac)m(h)f(time)f(it)f(is)h(called,)g(returns)i |
| | 16140 | (a)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h Fj(R)g Fw(in)f(the)h(range)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j |
| | 16141 | (0)0 1164 y(and)27 b(1,)h(suc)m(h)h(that)d(the)i(inclusiv)m(e)e |
| | 16142 | (distribution)f(of)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)h Fj(R)g Fw(is)e(\015at)h(in)f |
| | 16143 | (the)i(range,)g(and)f(suc)m(h)i(that)0 1272 y(di\013eren)m(t)40 |
| | 16144 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)h Fj(R)g Fw(are)e(uncorrelated.)66 |
| | 16145 | b(The)40 b(random)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(generator)g(that)g(comes)g(with)0 |
| | 16146 | 1380 y Fm(Jetset)31 b Fw(is)i(describ)s(ed)g(at)f(the)h(end)g(of)g |
| | 16147 | (this)f(section,)h(and)f(w)m(e)i(defer)f(the)g(discussion)g(un)m(til)e |
| | 16148 | (then.)0 1654 y Fp(4.1)135 b(Selection)46 b(F)-11 b(rom)45 |
| | 16149 | b(a)g(Distribution)0 1827 y Fw(The)i(situation)d(that)h(is)h(probably)f |
| | 16150 | (most)g(common)f(is)i(that)f(w)m(e)i(kno)m(w)g(a)e(function)g |
| | 16151 | Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))46 b(whic)m(h)0 1935 y(is)c(non-negativ) |
| | 16152 | m(e)h(in)f(the)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)e Fj(x)h Fw(range)g Fj(x)1782 |
| | 16153 | 1950 y Fl(min)1950 1935 y Fn(\024)i Fj(x)h Fn(\024)g |
| | 16154 | Fj(x)2351 1950 y Fl(max)2487 1935 y Fw(.)74 b(W)-8 b(e)44 |
| | 16155 | b(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)e(select)i(an)e Fj(x)i Fw(`at)0 2044 |
| | 16156 | y(random')29 b(so)g(that)h(the)g(probabilit)m(y)d(for)i(a)g(giv)m(en)h |
| | 16157 | Fj(x)g Fw(is)f(prop)s(ortional)e(to)i Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16158 | Fj(x)p Fw(\).)43 b(Here)30 b Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p |
| | 16159 | Fw(\))29 b(migh)m(t)f(b)s(e)0 2152 y(a)i(fragmen)m(tation)f(function,)h |
| | 16160 | (a)g(di\013eren)m(tial)f(cross)i(section,)g(or)f(an)m(y)h(of)f(a)g(n)m |
| | 16161 | (um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(distributions.)146 2260 y(One)c(do)s(es)h(not)e(ha) |
| | 16162 | m(v)m(e)i(to)e(assume)i(that)e(the)h(in)m(tegral)e(of)i |
| | 16163 | Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))25 b(is)g(explicitly)f(normalized)g(to)h |
| | 16164 | (unit)m(y:)0 2369 y(b)m(y)37 b(the)f(Mon)m(te)g(Carlo)f(pro)s(cedure)i |
| | 16165 | (of)e(pic)m(king)g(exactly)h(one)g(accepted)h Fj(x)f |
| | 16166 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue,)36 b(normalization)c(is)0 2477 y(implicit)h(in)j(the)h |
| | 16167 | (\014nal)e(result.)56 b(Sometimes)35 b(the)i(in)m(tegral)e(of)h |
| | 16168 | Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))37 b(do)s(es)g(carry)g(a)f(ph)m(ysics)i |
| | 16169 | (con)m(ten)m(t)0 2585 y(of)i(its)g(o)m(wn,)j(as)d(part)h(of)e(an)i(o)m |
| | 16170 | (v)m(erall)e(w)m(eigh)m(t)i(factor)f(w)m(e)h(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)e(k)m(eep) |
| | 16171 | i(trac)m(k)f(of.)66 b(Consider,)43 b(for)0 2694 y(instance,)50 |
| | 16172 | b(the)d(case)g(when)g Fj(x)g Fw(represen)m(ts)h(one)f(or)f(sev)m(eral)h |
| | 16173 | (phase-space)g(v)-5 b(ariables)45 b(and)i Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16174 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))46 b(a)0 2802 y(di\013eren)m(tial)39 b(cross)k(section;)i |
| | 16175 | (here)d(the)g(in)m(tegral)e(has)h(a)g(meaning)f(of)h(total)f(cross)i |
| | 16176 | (section)f(for)g(the)0 2910 y(pro)s(cess)35 b(studied.)46 |
| | 16177 | b(The)34 b(task)g(of)f(a)g(Mon)m(te)i(Carlo)d(is)h(then,)h(on)g(the)f |
| | 16178 | (one)h(hand,)g(to)f(generate)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)0 3019 y(one)d(at)e(a)h |
| | 16179 | (time,)g(and,)h(on)f(the)h(other)f(hand,)h(to)f(estimate)f(the)i(total) |
| | 16180 | e(cross)i(section.)43 b(The)31 b(discussion)0 3127 y(of)h(this)g(imp)s |
| | 16181 | (ortan)m(t)f(example)h(is)g(deferred)i(to)e(section)h(7.4.)146 |
| | 16182 | 3235 y(If)j(it)e(is)h(p)s(ossible)g(to)g(\014nd)g(a)h(primitiv)m(e)d |
| | 16183 | (function)i Fj(F)14 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))35 b(whic)m(h)h(has)g(a)f |
| | 16184 | (kno)m(wn)h(in)m(v)m(erse)h Fj(F)3527 3199 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 16185 | Fl(1)3621 3235 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\),)0 3344 y(an)32 |
| | 16186 | b Fj(x)h Fw(can)g(b)s(e)g(found)g(as)g(follo)m(ws)e(\(metho)s(d)h(1\):) |
| | 16187 | 1306 3479 y Fg(Z)1389 3505 y Fh(x)1352 3667 y(x)1392 |
| | 16188 | 3678 y Ff(min)1517 3596 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))17 |
| | 16189 | b(d)p Fj(x)28 b Fw(=)g Fj(R)2057 3479 y Fg(Z)2140 3505 |
| | 16190 | y Fh(x)2180 3513 y Ff(max)2103 3667 y Fh(x)2143 3678 |
| | 16191 | y Ff(min)2317 3596 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))17 |
| | 16192 | b(d)p Fj(x)783 3814 y Fw(=)-17 b Fn(\))83 b Fj(x)28 b |
| | 16193 | Fw(=)f Fj(F)1288 3778 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1382 3814 y Fw(\()p |
| | 16194 | Fj(F)14 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1590 3829 y Fl(min)1712 3814 y |
| | 16195 | Fw(\))22 b(+)g Fj(R)q Fw(\()p Fj(F)14 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)2153 |
| | 16196 | 3829 y Fl(max)2289 3814 y Fw(\))22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(F)14 |
| | 16197 | b Fw(\()p Fj(x)2618 3829 y Fl(min)2740 3814 y Fw(\)\)\))33 |
| | 16198 | b Fj(:)741 b Fw(\(2\))0 4022 y(The)32 b(statemen)m(t)f(of)g(the)g |
| | 16199 | (\014rst)h(line)d(is)i(that)f(a)h(fraction)f Fj(R)i Fw(of)e(the)i |
| | 16200 | (total)d(area)i(under)h Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))30 |
| | 16201 | b(should)h(b)s(e)0 4130 y(to)h(the)h(left)e(of)h Fj(x)p |
| | 16202 | Fw(.)44 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)35 b(seldom)c(are)h(functions)h(of)e(in)m |
| | 16203 | (terest)i(so)g(nice)f(that)g(the)h(metho)s(d)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)0 |
| | 16204 | 4239 y(w)m(orks.)45 b(It)33 b(is)f(therefore)h(necessary)i(to)d(use)h |
| | 16205 | (more)f(complicated)f(sc)m(hemes.)146 4347 y(Sp)s(ecial)39 |
| | 16206 | b(tric)m(ks)h(can)h(sometimes)e(b)s(e)h(found.)65 b(Consider)41 |
| | 16207 | b(e.g.)65 b(the)41 b(generation)e(of)g(a)h(Gaussian)0 |
| | 16208 | 4455 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))41 b(=)f(exp)q(\()p |
| | 16209 | Fn(\000)p Fj(x)666 4419 y Fl(2)706 4455 y Fw(\).)66 b(This)41 |
| | 16210 | b(function)e(is)h(not)g(in)m(tegrable,)h(but)f(if)f(w)m(e)j(com)m(bine) |
| | 16211 | d(it)g(with)h(the)h(same)0 4564 y(Gaussian)22 b(distribution)e(of)i(a)g |
| | 16212 | (second)i(v)-5 b(ariable)20 b Fj(y)t Fw(,)k(it)d(is)h(p)s(ossible)g(to) |
| | 16213 | g(transform)f(to)h(p)s(olar)f(co)s(ordinates)628 4772 |
| | 16214 | y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(x)g(f)11 |
| | 16215 | b Fw(\()p Fj(y)t Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(y)29 b Fw(=)e(exp)q(\()p |
| | 16216 | Fn(\000)p Fj(x)1718 4731 y Fl(2)1781 4772 y Fn(\000)22 |
| | 16217 | b Fj(y)1932 4731 y Fl(2)1971 4772 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(x)g |
| | 16218 | Fw(d)p Fj(y)31 b Fw(=)c Fj(r)20 b Fw(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p |
| | 16219 | Fj(r)2763 4731 y Fl(2)2802 4772 y Fw(\))d(d)p Fj(r)i |
| | 16220 | Fw(d)p Fj(')33 b(;)503 b Fw(\(3\))0 4980 y(and)38 b(no)m(w)h(the)f |
| | 16221 | Fj(r)j Fw(and)d Fj(')g Fw(distributions)e(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)g(easily)f |
| | 16222 | (generated)i(and)f(recom)m(bined)g(to)g(yield)f Fj(x)p |
| | 16223 | Fw(.)0 5088 y(A)m(t)c(the)g(same)g(time)e(w)m(e)j(get)e(a)h(second)h(n) |
| | 16224 | m(um)m(b)s(er)f Fj(y)t Fw(,)f(whic)m(h)h(can)g(also)e(b)s(e)i(used.)45 |
| | 16225 | b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(the)h(generation)0 5196 y(of)e(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m |
| | 16226 | (ta)c(in)h(fragmen)m(tation,)f(this)h(is)g(v)m(ery)i(con)m(v)m(enien)m |
| | 16227 | (t,)h(since)e(in)e(fact)i(w)m(e)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)0 5305 |
| | 16228 | y(assign)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(transv)m(erse)g(degrees)g(of)e(freedom.)146 |
| | 16229 | 5413 y(If)c(the)f(maxim)m(um)e(of)i Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16230 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))27 b(is)g(kno)m(wn,)j Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16231 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))28 b Fn(\024)g Fj(f)1970 5428 y Fl(max)2133 |
| | 16232 | 5413 y Fw(in)e(the)i Fj(x)g Fw(range)f(considered,)i(a)e(hit-or-miss)0 |
| | 16233 | 5521 y(metho)s(d)32 b(will)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)j(yield)f(the)h(correct)g |
| | 16234 | (answ)m(er)h(\(metho)s(d)e(2\):)119 5634 y(1.)49 b(select)25 |
| | 16235 | b(an)g Fj(x)h Fw(with)e(ev)m(en)j(probabilit)m(y)c(in)h(the)i(allo)m(w) |
| | 16236 | m(ed)e(range,)j(i.e.)40 b Fj(x)28 b Fw(=)g Fj(x)2931 |
| | 16237 | 5649 y Fl(min)3060 5634 y Fw(+)7 b Fj(R)q Fw(\()p Fj(x)3311 |
| | 16238 | 5649 y Fl(max)3453 5634 y Fn(\000)g Fj(x)3592 5649 y |
| | 16239 | Fl(min)3714 5634 y Fw(\);)1841 5953 y(44)p eop |
| | 16240 | %%Page: 45 51 |
| | 16241 | 45 50 bop 119 -18 a Fw(2.)49 b(compare)37 b(a)g(\(new\))h |
| | 16242 | Fj(R)g Fw(with)f(the)h(ratio)e Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p |
| | 16243 | Fw(\))p Fj(=f)2043 -3 y Fl(max)2178 -18 y Fw(;)40 b(if)c |
| | 16244 | Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))p Fj(=f)2626 -3 y Fl(max)2797 |
| | 16245 | -18 y Fn(\024)37 b Fj(R)q Fw(,)h(then)g(reject)g(the)g |
| | 16246 | Fj(x)244 90 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(and)h(return)g(to)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(1)g |
| | 16247 | (for)g(a)g(new)i(try;)119 208 y(3.)49 b(otherwise)33 |
| | 16248 | b(the)g(most)f(recen)m(t)i Fj(x)f Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)g(retained)g |
| | 16249 | (as)h(\014nal)f(answ)m(er.)0 321 y(The)26 b(probabilit)m(y)c(that)j |
| | 16250 | Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))p Fj(=f)1174 336 y Fl(max)1337 |
| | 16251 | 321 y Fj(>)28 b(R)d Fw(is)g(prop)s(ortional)d(to)i Fj(f)11 |
| | 16252 | b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\);)28 b(hence)e(the)f(correct)g(distribution)0 |
| | 16253 | 429 y(of)36 b(retained)g Fj(x)h Fw(v)-5 b(alues.)55 b(The)37 |
| | 16254 | b(e\016ciency)h(of)e(this)g(metho)s(d,)h(i.e.)55 b(the)37 |
| | 16255 | b(a)m(v)m(erage)g(probabilit)m(y)d(that)j(an)0 537 y |
| | 16256 | Fj(x)h Fw(will)c(b)s(e)k(retained,)g(is)f(\()972 466 |
| | 16257 | y Fg(R)1060 537 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))17 b(d)p |
| | 16258 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(f)1549 552 y Fl(max)1685 |
| | 16259 | 537 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1778 552 y Fl(max)1939 537 y Fn(\000)26 |
| | 16260 | b Fj(x)2097 552 y Fl(min)2219 537 y Fw(\)\).)57 b(The)38 |
| | 16261 | b(metho)s(d)f(is)f(acceptable)i(if)e(this)0 646 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)d(is) |
| | 16262 | f(not)g(to)s(o)g(lo)m(w,)g(i.e.)43 b(if)32 b Fj(f)11 |
| | 16263 | b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))32 b(do)s(es)h(not)g(\015uctuate)g(to)s(o)f |
| | 16264 | (wildly)-8 b(.)146 754 y(V)g(ery)39 b(often)g Fj(f)11 |
| | 16265 | b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))38 b(do)s(es)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(narro)m(w)e(spik)m |
| | 16266 | (es,)k(and)c(it)g(ma)m(y)g(not)g(ev)m(en)i(b)s(e)e(p)s(ossible)g(to)g |
| | 16267 | (de\014ne)0 862 y(an)44 b Fj(f)195 877 y Fl(max)330 862 |
| | 16268 | y Fw(.)78 b(An)44 b(example)f(of)g(the)i(former)d(phenomenon)j(is)e(a)h |
| | 16269 | (function)f(with)g(a)h(singularit)m(y)e(just)0 971 y(outside)34 |
| | 16270 | b(the)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(region,)g(an)h(example)f(of)g(the)h(latter)e |
| | 16271 | (an)i(in)m(tegrable)e(singularit)m(y)g(just)i(at)f(the)0 |
| | 16272 | 1079 y Fj(x)55 1094 y Fl(min)206 1079 y Fw(and/or)28 |
| | 16273 | b Fj(x)582 1094 y Fl(max)747 1079 y Fw(b)s(orders.)42 |
| | 16274 | b(V)-8 b(ariable)27 b(transformations)g(ma)m(y)i(then)g(b)s(e)g(used)g |
| | 16275 | (to)g(mak)m(e)g(a)f(function)0 1187 y(smo)s(other.)47 |
| | 16276 | b(Th)m(us)36 b(a)e(function)g Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p |
| | 16277 | Fw(\))34 b(whic)m(h)g(blo)m(ws)h(up)f(as)g(1)p Fj(=x)g |
| | 16278 | Fw(for)g Fj(x)d Fn(!)e Fw(0,)35 b(with)e(an)h Fj(x)3301 |
| | 16279 | 1202 y Fl(min)3458 1187 y Fw(close)g(to)0 1296 y(0,)e(w)m(ould)h |
| | 16280 | (instead)f(b)s(e)h(roughly)f(constan)m(t)i(if)d(transformed)h(to)g(the) |
| | 16281 | i(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b Fj(y)h Fw(=)d(ln)16 b Fj(x)p Fw(.)146 |
| | 16282 | 1404 y(The)32 b(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(transformation)g(strategy)j(ma)m(y) |
| | 16283 | f(b)s(e)g(seen)i(as)e(a)g(com)m(bination)f(of)g(metho)s(ds)h(1)g(and)0 |
| | 16284 | 1512 y(2,)h(as)g(follo)m(ws.)42 b(Assume)31 b(the)h(existence)g(of)f(a) |
| | 16285 | f(function)g Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\),)h(with)g Fj(f)11 |
| | 16286 | b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))27 b Fn(\024)i Fj(g)t Fw(\()p |
| | 16287 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))h(o)m(v)m(er)i(the)f Fj(x)g Fw(range)0 1621 |
| | 16288 | y(of)f(in)m(terest.)43 b(Here)32 b Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)p |
| | 16289 | Fw(\))e(is)f(pic)m(k)m(ed)j(to)e(b)s(e)h(a)f(`simple')f(function,)i |
| | 16290 | (suc)m(h)h(that)e(the)h(primitiv)m(e)d(function)0 1729 |
| | 16291 | y Fj(G)p Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))33 b(and)f(its)g(in)m(v)m(erse)i |
| | 16292 | Fj(G)966 1693 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1061 1729 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p |
| | 16293 | Fw(\))f(are)f(kno)m(wn.)45 b(Then)34 b(\(metho)s(d)e(3\):)119 |
| | 16294 | 1842 y(1.)49 b(select)33 b(an)f Fj(x)h Fw(according)f(to)h(the)g |
| | 16295 | (distribution)d Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\),)i(using)h(metho)s(d)f(1;) |
| | 16296 | 119 1960 y(2.)49 b(compare)37 b(a)g(\(new\))i Fj(R)f |
| | 16297 | Fw(with)g(the)g(ratio)e Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))p |
| | 16298 | Fj(=g)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\);)39 b(if)d Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16299 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))p Fj(=g)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))36 b Fn(\024)h |
| | 16300 | Fj(R)q Fw(,)i(then)f(reject)g(the)g Fj(x)244 2068 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 16301 | b(alue)32 b(and)h(return)g(to)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(1)g(for)g(a)g(new)i(try;) |
| | 16302 | 119 2186 y(3.)49 b(otherwise)33 b(the)g(most)f(recen)m(t)i |
| | 16303 | Fj(x)f Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)g(retained)g(as)h(\014nal)f(answ)m(er.)0 |
| | 16304 | 2299 y(This)j(w)m(orks,)i(since)e(the)g(\014rst)g(step)h(will)c(select) |
| | 16305 | k Fj(x)f Fw(with)f(a)h(probabilit)m(y)e Fj(g)t Fw(\()p |
| | 16306 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(x)31 b Fw(=)g(d)p Fj(G)p Fw(\()p |
| | 16307 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))k(and)g(the)0 2408 y(second)28 b(retain)f(this)g(c)m |
| | 16308 | (hoice)g(with)g(probabilit)m(y)e Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p |
| | 16309 | Fw(\))p Fj(=g)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\).)41 b(The)28 b(total)e(probabilit) |
| | 16310 | m(y)f(to)i(pic)m(k)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)0 2516 y Fj(x)33 |
| | 16311 | b Fw(is)f(then)h(just)g(the)g(pro)s(duct)g(of)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o,)g |
| | 16312 | (i.e.)43 b Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(x)p |
| | 16313 | Fw(.)146 2624 y(If)37 b Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))38 |
| | 16314 | b(has)f(sev)m(eral)h(spik)m(es,)i(metho)s(d)d(3)f(ma)m(y)h(w)m(ork)i |
| | 16315 | (for)d(eac)m(h)i(spik)m(e)g(separately)-8 b(,)39 b(but)f(it)e(ma)m(y)0 |
| | 16316 | 2733 y(not)h(b)s(e)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)g(\014nd)i(a)e |
| | 16317 | Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))g(that)g(co)m(v)m(ers)j(all)35 |
| | 16318 | b(of)i(them)h(at)f(the)h(same)f(time,)h(and)g(whic)m(h)g(still)0 |
| | 16319 | 2841 y(has)30 b(an)g(in)m(v)m(ertible)f(primitiv)m(e)f(function.)42 |
| | 16320 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33 b(assume)d(that)g(w)m(e)h(can)f(\014nd)g(a)g |
| | 16321 | (function)f Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))f(=)0 2883 y |
| | 16322 | Fg(P)88 2970 y Fh(i)132 2949 y Fj(g)179 2964 y Fh(i)207 |
| | 16323 | 2949 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\),)33 b(suc)m(h)h(that)f Fj(f)11 |
| | 16324 | b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))28 b Fn(\024)g Fj(g)t Fw(\()p |
| | 16325 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))k(o)m(v)m(er)i(the)f Fj(x)g Fw(range)g(considered,)g(and)g |
| | 16326 | (suc)m(h)h(that)e(the)h(functions)0 3058 y Fj(g)47 3073 |
| | 16327 | y Fh(i)75 3058 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))f(eac)m(h)i(are)e(non-negativ)m |
| | 16328 | (e)g(and)h(simple,)e(in)g(the)i(sense)h(that)e(w)m(e)i(can)f(\014nd)f |
| | 16329 | (primitiv)m(e)e(functions)0 3166 y(and)j(their)f(in)m(v)m(erses.)45 |
| | 16330 | b(In)33 b(that)f(case)i(\(metho)s(d)e(4\):)119 3279 y(1.)49 |
| | 16331 | b(select)33 b(an)f Fj(i)h Fw(at)f(random,)g(with)g(relativ)m(e)g |
| | 16332 | (probabilit)m(y)f(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)g(the)g(in)m(tegrals)1194 |
| | 16333 | 3391 y Fg(Z)1277 3417 y Fh(x)1317 3425 y Ff(max)1240 |
| | 16334 | 3579 y Fh(x)1280 3590 y Ff(min)1454 3508 y Fj(g)1501 |
| | 16335 | 3523 y Fh(i)1529 3508 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))17 b(d)p |
| | 16336 | Fj(x)28 b Fw(=)g Fj(G)1995 3523 y Fh(i)2023 3508 y Fw(\()p |
| | 16337 | Fj(x)2116 3523 y Fl(max)2252 3508 y Fw(\))22 b Fn(\000)g |
| | 16338 | Fj(G)2488 3523 y Fh(i)2517 3508 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2610 3523 |
| | 16339 | y Fl(min)2732 3508 y Fw(\))32 b(;)826 b(\(4\))119 3754 |
| | 16340 | y(2.)49 b(for)32 b(the)h Fj(i)g Fw(selected,)g(use)h(metho)s(d)e(1)g |
| | 16341 | (to)g(\014nd)i(an)e Fj(x)p Fw(,)h(i.e.)1024 3944 y Fj(x)c |
| | 16342 | Fw(=)e Fj(G)1288 3903 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1288 3968 y Fh(i)1382 |
| | 16343 | 3944 y Fw(\()p Fj(G)1497 3959 y Fh(i)1525 3944 y Fw(\()p |
| | 16344 | Fj(x)1618 3959 y Fl(min)1741 3944 y Fw(\))22 b(+)g Fj(R)q |
| | 16345 | Fw(\()p Fj(G)2089 3959 y Fh(i)2117 3944 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2210 |
| | 16346 | 3959 y Fl(max)2346 3944 y Fw(\))g Fn(\000)g Fj(G)2582 |
| | 16347 | 3959 y Fh(i)2610 3944 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2703 3959 y Fl(min)2826 |
| | 16348 | 3944 y Fw(\)\)\))32 b(;)656 b(\(5\))119 4138 y(3.)49 |
| | 16349 | b(compare)37 b(a)g(\(new\))i Fj(R)f Fw(with)g(the)g(ratio)e |
| | 16350 | Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))p Fj(=g)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)p |
| | 16351 | Fw(\);)39 b(if)d Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))p Fj(=g)t |
| | 16352 | Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))36 b Fn(\024)h Fj(R)q Fw(,)i(then)f(reject)g(the)g |
| | 16353 | Fj(x)244 4247 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(and)h(return)g(to)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g |
| | 16354 | (1)g(for)g(a)g(new)i(try;)119 4364 y(4.)49 b(otherwise)33 |
| | 16355 | b(the)g(most)f(recen)m(t)i Fj(x)f Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)g(retained)g |
| | 16356 | (as)h(\014nal)f(answ)m(er.)0 4478 y(This)44 b(is)f(just)h(a)g(trivial)d |
| | 16357 | (extension)k(of)e(metho)s(d)g(3,)k(where)e(steps)g(1)e(and)h(2)g |
| | 16358 | (ensure)h(that,)h(on)e(the)0 4586 y(a)m(v)m(erage,)36 |
| | 16359 | b(eac)m(h)g Fj(x)f Fw(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(pic)m(k)m(ed)h(there)h(is)e |
| | 16360 | (distributed)g(according)g(to)g Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)p |
| | 16361 | Fw(\):)47 b(the)35 b(\014rst)g(step)h(pic)m(ks)f Fj(i)0 |
| | 16362 | 4694 y Fw(with)21 b(relativ)m(e)h(probabilit)m(y)1035 |
| | 16363 | 4623 y Fg(R)1107 4694 y Fj(g)1154 4709 y Fh(i)1182 4694 |
| | 16364 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(x)p Fw(,)25 b(the)d(second)h |
| | 16365 | Fj(x)g Fw(with)e(absolute)h(probabilit)m(y)e Fj(g)3151 |
| | 16366 | 4709 y Fh(i)3178 4694 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))p Fj(=)3375 |
| | 16367 | 4623 y Fg(R)3447 4694 y Fj(g)3494 4709 y Fh(i)3522 4694 |
| | 16368 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))d(d)p Fj(x)0 4803 y Fw(\(this)34 |
| | 16369 | b(is)g(one)h(place)f(where)h(one)g(m)m(ust)g(remem)m(b)s(er)f(to)g(do)g |
| | 16370 | (normalization)d(correctly\);)k(the)g(pro)s(duct)0 4911 |
| | 16371 | y(of)d(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(is)f(therefore)i Fj(g)1018 4926 |
| | 16372 | y Fh(i)1046 4911 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))e(and)h(the)g(sum)f(o)m(v)m(er) |
| | 16373 | i(all)d Fj(i)h Fw(giv)m(es)h(bac)m(k)h Fj(g)t Fw(\()p |
| | 16374 | Fj(x)p Fw(\).)146 5019 y(W)-8 b(e)34 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(no)m(w)g(arriv)m |
| | 16375 | (ed)f(at)f(an)h(approac)m(h)h(that)f(is)f(su\016cien)m(tly)i(p)s(o)m(w) |
| | 16376 | m(erful)f(for)f(a)h(large)f(selection)0 5128 y(of)f(problems.)43 |
| | 16377 | b(In)32 b(general,)f(for)g(a)h(function)f Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16378 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))32 b(whic)m(h)g(is)f(kno)m(wn)i(to)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(sharp)f |
| | 16379 | (p)s(eaks)h(in)d(a)i(few)0 5236 y(di\013eren)m(t)42 b(places,)i(the)e |
| | 16380 | (generic)f(b)s(eha)m(viour)g(at)g(eac)m(h)i(p)s(eak)f(separately)g(ma)m |
| | 16381 | (y)f(b)s(e)g(co)m(v)m(ered)j(b)m(y)e(one)0 5344 y(or)d(a)g(few)h |
| | 16382 | (simple)e(functions)h Fj(g)1182 5359 y Fh(i)1210 5344 |
| | 16383 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\),)i(to)e(whic)m(h)h(one)f(adds)h(a)f(few)h(more)f |
| | 16384 | Fj(g)2810 5359 y Fh(i)2838 5344 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))g(to)g(co)m(v)m |
| | 16385 | (er)i(the)f(basic)0 5453 y(b)s(eha)m(viour)e(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)h(from)e |
| | 16386 | (the)h(p)s(eaks.)60 b(By)39 b(a)e(suitable)g(selection)h(of)f(the)h |
| | 16387 | (relativ)m(e)g(strengths)h(of)e(the)0 5561 y(di\013eren)m(t)28 |
| | 16388 | b Fj(g)427 5576 y Fh(i)455 5561 y Fw('s,)h(it)e(is)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)g |
| | 16389 | (\014nd)i(a)e(function)g Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))h(that)f(matc)m |
| | 16390 | (hes)i(w)m(ell)e(the)h(general)g(b)s(eha)m(viour)0 5669 |
| | 16391 | y(of)k Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\),)33 b(and)f(th)m(us)i(ac)m(hiev)m |
| | 16392 | (e)g(a)e(reasonable)g(Mon)m(te)i(Carlo)d(e\016ciency)-8 |
| | 16393 | b(.)1841 5953 y(45)p eop |
| | 16394 | %%Page: 46 52 |
| | 16395 | 46 51 bop 146 -18 a Fw(The)34 b(ma)5 b(jor)32 b(additional)f |
| | 16396 | (complication)f(is)i(when)i Fj(x)g Fw(is)f(a)f(m)m(ultidimensional)d(v) |
| | 16397 | -5 b(ariable.)43 b(Usually)0 90 y(the)36 b(problem)d(is)i(not)g(so)g(m) |
| | 16398 | m(uc)m(h)h Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))35 b(itself,)g(but)g(rather)g |
| | 16399 | (that)g(the)h(phase-space)h(b)s(oundaries)e(ma)m(y)0 |
| | 16400 | 198 y(b)s(e)f(v)m(ery)h(complicated.)46 b(If)33 b(the)h(b)s(oundaries)g |
| | 16401 | (factorize)f(it)g(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)g(pic)m(k)i(phase-space)g(p)s |
| | 16402 | (oin)m(ts)0 307 y(restricted)26 b(to)g(the)g(desired)g(region.)41 |
| | 16403 | b(Otherwise)26 b(the)g(region)f(ma)m(y)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)e(b)s(e)h |
| | 16404 | (inscrib)s(ed)f(in)g(a)h(h)m(yp)s(er-)0 415 y(rectangle,)36 |
| | 16405 | b(with)e(p)s(oin)m(ts)h(pic)m(k)m(ed)h(within)f(the)g(whole)g(h)m(yp)s |
| | 16406 | (er-rectangle)h(but)f(only)g(retained)g(if)f(they)0 523 |
| | 16407 | y(are)k(inside)e(the)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(region.)58 b(This)37 |
| | 16408 | b(ma)m(y)h(lead)e(to)i(a)f(signi\014can)m(t)g(loss)g(in)g(e\016ciency) |
| | 16409 | -8 b(.)59 b(V)-8 b(ariable)0 632 y(transformations)31 |
| | 16410 | b(ma)m(y)h(often)h(mak)m(e)g(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(region)h(easier)h |
| | 16411 | (to)f(handle.)146 740 y(There)38 b(are)e(t)m(w)m(o)h(main)e(metho)s(ds) |
| | 16412 | h(to)g(handle)g(sev)m(eral)h(dimensions,)f(eac)m(h)i(with)e(its)f(set)i |
| | 16413 | (of)f(v)-5 b(ari-)0 848 y(ations.)75 b(The)45 b(\014rst)f(metho)s(d)f |
| | 16414 | (is)g(based)h(on)g(a)f(factorized)g(ansatz,)k(i.e.)75 |
| | 16415 | b(one)44 b(attempts)g(to)f(\014nd)h(a)0 957 y(function)f |
| | 16416 | Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fo(x)p Fw(\))g(whic)m(h)h(is)f(ev)m(erywhere)k(larger)42 |
| | 16417 | b(than)i Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fo(x)p Fw(\),)46 b(and)d(whic)m(h)i(can)e(b) |
| | 16418 | s(e)h(factorized)f(in)m(to)0 1076 y Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fo(x)p |
| | 16419 | Fw(\))f(=)h Fj(g)398 1040 y Fl(\(1\))491 1076 y Fw(\()p |
| | 16420 | Fj(x)584 1091 y Fl(1)624 1076 y Fw(\))17 b Fj(g)730 1040 |
| | 16421 | y Fl(\(2\))823 1076 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)916 1091 y Fl(2)956 |
| | 16422 | 1076 y Fw(\))g Fn(\001)g(\001)g(\001)d Fj(g)1194 1040 |
| | 16423 | y Fl(\()p Fh(n)p Fl(\))1295 1076 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1388 |
| | 16424 | 1091 y Fh(n)1436 1076 y Fw(\),)43 b(where)g Fo(x)g Fw(=)f(\()p |
| | 16425 | Fj(x)2148 1091 y Fl(1)2188 1076 y Fj(;)17 b(x)2287 1091 |
| | 16426 | y Fl(2)2327 1076 y Fj(;)g(:)g(:)g(:)f(;)h(x)2601 1091 |
| | 16427 | y Fh(n)2648 1076 y Fw(\).)69 b(Here)43 b(eac)m(h)f Fj(g)3301 |
| | 16428 | 1040 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))3392 1076 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)3485 |
| | 16429 | 1091 y Fh(j)3521 1076 y Fw(\))g(ma)m(y)0 1213 y(in)d(its)f(turn)i(b)s |
| | 16430 | (e)f(a)g(sum)g(of)g(functions)g Fj(g)1523 1162 y Fl(\()p |
| | 16431 | Fh(j)t Fl(\))1519 1236 y Fh(i)1614 1213 y Fw(,)i(as)f(in)e(metho)s(d)h |
| | 16432 | (4)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)64 b(First,)40 b(eac)m(h)g Fj(x)3267 |
| | 16433 | 1228 y Fh(j)3344 1213 y Fw(is)e(selected)0 1321 y(indep)s(enden)m(tly) |
| | 16434 | -8 b(,)31 b(and)e(afterw)m(ards)i(the)f(ratio)d Fj(f)11 |
| | 16435 | b Fw(\()p Fo(x)p Fw(\))p Fj(=g)t Fw(\()p Fo(x)p Fw(\))29 |
| | 16436 | b(is)g(used)h(to)f(determine)g(whether)i(to)e(retain)0 |
| | 16437 | 1429 y(the)k(p)s(oin)m(t.)146 1538 y(The)f(second)h(metho)s(d)d(is)h |
| | 16438 | (useful)g(if)f(the)i(b)s(oundaries)f(of)f(the)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(region) |
| | 16439 | h(can)g(b)s(e)g(written)g(in)0 1646 y(a)k(form)f(where)j(the)f(maxim)m |
| | 16440 | (um)d(range)j(of)f Fj(x)1669 1661 y Fl(1)1744 1646 y |
| | 16441 | Fw(is)g(kno)m(wn,)j(the)d(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(range)h(of)f |
| | 16442 | Fj(x)3143 1661 y Fl(2)3218 1646 y Fw(only)g(dep)s(ends)0 |
| | 16443 | 1754 y(on)f Fj(x)192 1769 y Fl(1)232 1754 y Fw(,)h(that)g(of)f |
| | 16444 | Fj(x)676 1769 y Fl(3)750 1754 y Fw(only)g(on)g Fj(x)1158 |
| | 16445 | 1769 y Fl(1)1232 1754 y Fw(and)h Fj(x)1479 1769 y Fl(2)1519 |
| | 16446 | 1754 y Fw(,)g(and)f(so)h(on)g(un)m(til)e Fj(x)2319 1769 |
| | 16447 | y Fh(n)2366 1754 y Fw(,)i(whose)h(range)e(ma)m(y)h(dep)s(end)g(on)g |
| | 16448 | (all)0 1863 y(the)g(preceding)f(v)-5 b(ariables.)47 b(In)35 |
| | 16449 | b(that)f(case)h(it)e(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)g(\014nd)g(a)g |
| | 16450 | (function)g Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fo(x)p Fw(\))f(that)h(can)0 |
| | 16451 | 1971 y(b)s(e)28 b(in)m(tegrated)g(o)m(v)m(er)i Fj(x)847 |
| | 16452 | 1986 y Fl(2)914 1971 y Fw(through)f Fj(x)1334 1986 y |
| | 16453 | Fh(n)1409 1971 y Fw(to)f(yield)f(a)h(simple)f(function)g(of)h |
| | 16454 | Fj(x)2671 1986 y Fl(1)2711 1971 y Fw(,)h(according)f(to)f(whic)m(h)i |
| | 16455 | Fj(x)3646 1986 y Fl(1)3714 1971 y Fw(is)0 2079 y(selected.)44 |
| | 16456 | b(Ha)m(ving)31 b(done)h(that,)g Fj(x)1258 2094 y Fl(2)1329 |
| | 16457 | 2079 y Fw(is)f(selected)h(according)f(to)g(a)g(distribution)f(whic)m(h) |
| | 16458 | i(no)m(w)g(dep)s(ends)0 2188 y(on)i Fj(x)192 2203 y Fl(1)232 |
| | 16459 | 2188 y Fw(,)g(but)g(with)g Fj(x)752 2203 y Fl(3)826 2188 |
| | 16460 | y Fw(through)g Fj(x)1251 2203 y Fh(n)1332 2188 y Fw(in)m(tegrated)g(o)m |
| | 16461 | (v)m(er.)49 b(In)34 b(particular,)f(the)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(range)g(for)f |
| | 16462 | Fj(x)3640 2203 y Fl(2)3714 2188 y Fw(is)0 2296 y(kno)m(wn.)47 |
| | 16463 | b(The)34 b(pro)s(cedure)h(is)e(con)m(tin)m(ued)h(un)m(til)e |
| | 16464 | Fj(x)1834 2311 y Fh(n)1915 2296 y Fw(is)h(reac)m(hed,)i(where)f(no)m(w) |
| | 16465 | g(the)g(function)f(dep)s(ends)0 2404 y(on)d(all)e(the)j(preceding)f |
| | 16466 | Fj(x)923 2419 y Fh(j)990 2404 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues.)43 b(In)30 |
| | 16467 | b(the)h(end,)g(the)g(ratio)d Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fo(x)p |
| | 16468 | Fw(\))p Fj(=g)t Fw(\()p Fo(x)p Fw(\))29 b(is)h(again)f(used)i(to)f |
| | 16469 | (determine)0 2513 y(whether)k(to)e(retain)g(the)h(p)s(oin)m(t.)0 |
| | 16470 | 2785 y Fp(4.2)135 b(The)45 b(V)-11 b(eto)45 b(Algorithm)0 |
| | 16471 | 2957 y Fw(The)28 b(`radioactiv)m(e)f(deca)m(y')h(t)m(yp)s(e)h(of)d |
| | 16472 | (problems)h(is)g(v)m(ery)i(common,)e(in)f(particular)g(in)g(parton)h |
| | 16473 | (sho)m(w)m(ers,)0 3066 y(but)35 b(it)f(is)h(also)f(used,)j(e.g.)51 |
| | 16474 | b(in)35 b(the)g(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(teractions)h(description)h(in)f |
| | 16475 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)51 b(In)36 b(this)f(kind)0 3174 y(of)30 |
| | 16476 | b(problems)f(there)h(is)g(one)g(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b Fj(t)p |
| | 16477 | Fw(,)j(whic)m(h)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(though)m(t)g(of)f(as)i(giving)d(a)i |
| | 16478 | (kind)g(of)f(time)g(axis)0 3282 y(along)37 b(whic)m(h)i(di\013eren)m(t) |
| | 16479 | g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(are)e(ordered.)63 b(The)39 b(probabilit)m(y)e(that)i |
| | 16480 | (`something)e(will)g(happ)s(en')0 3391 y(\(a)42 b(n)m(ucleus)h(deca)m |
| | 16481 | (y)-8 b(,)46 b(a)c(parton)g(branc)m(h\))h(at)f(time)e |
| | 16482 | Fj(t)j Fw(is)e(describ)s(ed)i(b)m(y)g(a)f(function)g |
| | 16483 | Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\),)44 b(whic)m(h)f(is)0 |
| | 16484 | 3499 y(non-negativ)m(e)d(in)g(the)h(range)f(of)g Fj(t)h |
| | 16485 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues)40 b(to)g(b)s(e)h(studied.)67 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)45 |
| | 16486 | b(this)40 b(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)41 b(probabilit)m(y)d(is)0 |
| | 16487 | 3607 y(mo)s(di\014ed)g(b)m(y)j(the)e(additional)e(requiremen)m(t)j |
| | 16488 | (that)f(something)g(can)g(only)g(happ)s(en)h(at)f(time)g |
| | 16489 | Fj(t)g Fw(if)f(it)0 3716 y(did)i(not)g(happ)s(en)h(at)f(earlier)f |
| | 16490 | (times)h Fj(t)1446 3679 y Fk(0)1510 3716 y Fj(<)h(t)p |
| | 16491 | Fw(.)67 b(\(The)42 b(original)37 b(n)m(ucleus)k(cannot)g(deca)m(y)h |
| | 16492 | (once)f(again)0 3824 y(if)34 b(it)f(already)h(did)h(deca)m(y;)i(p)s |
| | 16493 | (ossibly)d(the)h(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(ducts)f(ma)m(y)g(deca)m(y)h(in)e |
| | 16494 | (their)g(turn,)i(but)e(that)h(is)0 3932 y(another)e(question.\))146 |
| | 16495 | 4041 y(The)44 b(probabilit)m(y)d(that)i(nothing)f(has)i(happ)s(ened)g |
| | 16496 | (b)m(y)g(time)d Fj(t)i Fw(is)g(expressed)j(b)m(y)e(the)f(function)0 |
| | 16497 | 4149 y Fn(N)15 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))43 b(and)g(the)h(di\013eren)m |
| | 16498 | (tial)e(probabilit)m(y)f(that)j(something)e(happ)s(ens)j(at)e(time)f |
| | 16499 | Fj(t)h Fw(b)m(y)i Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\).)77 b(The)0 |
| | 16500 | 4257 y(basic)32 b(equation)h(then)g(is)1313 4422 y Fn(P)8 |
| | 16501 | b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))29 b(=)e Fn(\000)1720 4354 y Fw(d)p |
| | 16502 | Fn(N)p 1720 4398 151 4 v 1751 4490 a Fw(d)p Fj(t)1909 |
| | 16503 | 4422 y Fw(=)h Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))17 b Fn(N)e |
| | 16504 | Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))31 b Fj(:)1189 b Fw(\(6\))0 4621 |
| | 16505 | y(F)-8 b(or)32 b(simplicit)m(y)-8 b(,)30 b(w)m(e)j(shall)e(assume)j |
| | 16506 | (that)e(the)h(pro)s(cess)h(starts)f(at)f(time)f Fj(t)d |
| | 16507 | Fw(=)g(0,)k(with)g Fn(N)15 b Fw(\(0\))27 b(=)g(1.)146 |
| | 16508 | 4729 y(The)34 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(equation)g(can)f(b)s(e)h(solv)m(ed)g |
| | 16509 | (easily)f(if)g(one)g(notes)i(that)e(d)p Fn(N)15 b Fj(=)p |
| | 16510 | Fn(N)42 b Fw(=)27 b(d)17 b(ln)f Fn(N)f Fw(:)662 4979 |
| | 16511 | y Fn(N)g Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))27 b(=)h Fn(N)15 b Fw(\(0\))i(exp)1404 |
| | 16512 | 4857 y Fg(\032)1466 4979 y Fn(\000)1560 4861 y Fg(Z)1643 |
| | 16513 | 4888 y Fh(t)1606 5050 y Fl(0)1690 4979 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16514 | Fj(t)1822 4937 y Fk(0)1845 4979 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(t)1989 |
| | 16515 | 4937 y Fk(0)2012 4857 y Fg(\033)2102 4979 y Fw(=)27 b(exp)2371 |
| | 16516 | 4857 y Fg(\032)2433 4979 y Fn(\000)2527 4861 y Fg(Z)2610 |
| | 16517 | 4888 y Fh(t)2574 5050 y Fl(0)2657 4979 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16518 | Fj(t)2789 4937 y Fk(0)2812 4979 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(t)2956 |
| | 16519 | 4937 y Fk(0)2979 4857 y Fg(\033)3091 4979 y Fj(;)537 |
| | 16520 | b Fw(\(7\))0 5216 y(and)33 b(th)m(us)1181 5356 y Fn(P)8 |
| | 16521 | b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))28 b(=)f Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p |
| | 16522 | Fw(\))17 b(exp)1852 5234 y Fg(\032)1915 5356 y Fn(\000)2009 |
| | 16523 | 5238 y Fg(Z)2092 5265 y Fh(t)2055 5427 y Fl(0)2138 5356 |
| | 16524 | y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)2270 5314 y Fk(0)2293 5356 y |
| | 16525 | Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(t)2437 5314 y Fk(0)2460 5234 y Fg(\033)2572 |
| | 16526 | 5356 y Fj(:)1056 b Fw(\(8\))0 5561 y(With)31 b Fj(f)11 |
| | 16527 | b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))28 b(=)g Fj(c)k Fw(this)f(is)h(nothing)f(but)h |
| | 16528 | (the)h(textb)s(o)s(ok)f(form)m(ulae)f(for)h(radioactiv)m(e)f(deca)m(y) |
| | 16529 | -8 b(.)44 b(In)33 b(partic-)0 5669 y(ular,)38 b(at)f(small)e(times)i |
| | 16530 | (the)g(correct)h(deca)m(y)h(probabilit)m(y)-8 b(,)37 |
| | 16531 | b Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\),)39 b(agrees)f(w)m(ell)f(with)g(the)h |
| | 16532 | (input)f(one,)1841 5953 y(46)p eop |
| | 16533 | %%Page: 47 53 |
| | 16534 | 47 52 bop 0 -18 a Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\),)46 |
| | 16535 | b(since)e(the)f(exp)s(onen)m(tial)g(factor)g(is)g(close)g(to)g(unit)m |
| | 16536 | (y)h(there.)76 b(A)m(t)44 b(larger)e Fj(t)p Fw(,)k(the)e(exp)s(onen)m |
| | 16537 | (tial)0 90 y(giv)m(es)37 b(a)f(damp)s(ening)f(whic)m(h)i(ensures)i |
| | 16538 | (that)d(the)h(in)m(tegral)e(of)h Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p |
| | 16539 | Fw(\))37 b(nev)m(er)h(can)f(exceed)h(unit)m(y)-8 b(,)38 |
| | 16540 | b(ev)m(en)0 198 y(if)33 b(the)h(in)m(tegral)f(of)h Fj(f)11 |
| | 16541 | b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))33 b(do)s(es.)49 b(The)35 b(exp)s(onen)m(tial)e |
| | 16542 | (can)i(b)s(e)f(seen)i(as)e(the)g(probabilit)m(y)e(that)i(nothing)0 |
| | 16543 | 307 y(happ)s(ens)d(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)d(original)d(time)i(0)h(and)g |
| | 16544 | (the)h(\014nal)e(time)g Fj(t)p Fw(.)43 b(In)31 b(the)f(parton-sho)m(w)m |
| | 16545 | (er)h(language,)0 415 y(this)h(is)g(\(almost\))f(the)i(so-called)e |
| | 16546 | (Sudak)m(o)m(v)j(form)e(factor.)146 523 y(If)45 b Fj(f)11 |
| | 16547 | b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))44 b(has)h(a)f(primitiv)m(e)f(function)h(with)g |
| | 16548 | (a)g(kno)m(wn)i(in)m(v)m(erse,)j(it)44 b(is)g(easy)i(to)e(select)h |
| | 16549 | Fj(t)g Fw(v)-5 b(alues)0 632 y(correctly:)527 752 y Fg(Z)610 |
| | 16550 | 779 y Fh(t)573 941 y Fl(0)656 869 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16551 | Fj(t)806 828 y Fk(0)830 869 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(t)974 |
| | 16552 | 828 y Fk(0)1025 869 y Fw(=)27 b Fn(N)15 b Fw(\(0\))22 |
| | 16553 | b Fn(\000)g(N)15 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))27 b(=)h(1)22 |
| | 16554 | b Fn(\000)g Fw(exp)2146 748 y Fg(\032)2208 869 y Fn(\000)2302 |
| | 16555 | 752 y Fg(Z)2385 779 y Fh(t)2349 941 y Fl(0)2432 869 y |
| | 16556 | Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)2564 828 y Fk(0)2587 869 y Fw(\))17 |
| | 16557 | b(d)p Fj(t)2731 828 y Fk(0)2754 748 y Fg(\033)2844 869 |
| | 16558 | y Fw(=)28 b(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(R)34 b(;)402 b Fw(\(9\))0 |
| | 16559 | 1100 y(whic)m(h)33 b(has)g(the)g(solution)793 1287 y |
| | 16560 | Fj(F)14 b Fw(\(0\))22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(F)14 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p |
| | 16561 | Fw(\))28 b(=)f(ln)16 b Fj(R)126 b Fw(=)-17 b Fn(\))125 |
| | 16562 | b Fj(t)28 b Fw(=)g Fj(F)2261 1246 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2355 |
| | 16563 | 1287 y Fw(\()p Fj(F)14 b Fw(\(0\))21 b Fn(\000)i Fw(ln)16 |
| | 16564 | b Fj(R)q Fw(\))32 b Fj(:)620 b Fw(\(10\))146 1474 y(If)36 |
| | 16565 | b Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))36 b(is)g(not)g(su\016cien)m(tly)g |
| | 16566 | (nice,)h(one)g(ma)m(y)f(again)e(try)i(to)g(\014nd)h(a)f(b)s(etter)g |
| | 16567 | (function)f Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\),)i(with)0 1582 |
| | 16568 | y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))32 b Fn(\024)g Fj(g)t |
| | 16569 | Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))i(for)h(all)e Fj(t)f Fn(\025)g Fw(0.)50 |
| | 16570 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er)38 b(to)c(use)i(metho)s(d)e(3)h(with)g(this)f |
| | 16571 | Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))h(w)m(ould)g(not)f(w)m(ork,)j(since)0 |
| | 16572 | 1691 y(the)f(metho)s(d)f(w)m(ould)h(not)g(correctly)g(tak)m(e)g(in)m |
| | 16573 | (to)f(accoun)m(t)i(the)f(e\013ects)h(of)f(the)g(exp)s(onen)m(tial)f |
| | 16574 | (term)g(in)0 1799 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\).)44 |
| | 16575 | b(Instead)34 b(one)f(ma)m(y)f(use)h(the)g(so-called)f(v)m(eto)h |
| | 16576 | (algorithm:)119 1912 y(1.)49 b(start)32 b(with)h Fj(i)28 |
| | 16577 | b Fw(=)f(0)32 b(and)h Fj(t)1170 1927 y Fl(0)1237 1912 |
| | 16578 | y Fw(=)28 b(0;)119 2030 y(2.)49 b(add)34 b(1)h(to)f Fj(i)g |
| | 16579 | Fw(and)h(select)g Fj(t)1202 2045 y Fh(i)1261 2030 y Fw(=)c |
| | 16580 | Fj(G)1445 1994 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1539 2030 y Fw(\()p Fj(G)p |
| | 16581 | Fw(\()p Fj(t)1727 2045 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1845 2030 |
| | 16582 | y Fw(\))24 b Fn(\000)g Fw(ln)16 b Fj(R)q Fw(\),)34 b(i.e.)49 |
| | 16583 | b(according)34 b(to)g Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\),)g(but)h(with)f(the) |
| | 16584 | 244 2138 y(constrain)m(t)e(that)h Fj(t)949 2153 y Fh(i)1005 |
| | 16585 | 2138 y Fj(>)27 b(t)1143 2153 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1262 |
| | 16586 | 2138 y Fw(,)119 2256 y(3.)49 b(compare)42 b(a)g(\(new\))i |
| | 16587 | Fj(R)f Fw(with)f(the)h(ratio)e Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)1924 |
| | 16588 | 2271 y Fh(i)1952 2256 y Fw(\))p Fj(=g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)2163 |
| | 16589 | 2271 y Fh(i)2191 2256 y Fw(\);)47 b(if)41 b Fj(f)11 b |
| | 16590 | Fw(\()p Fj(t)2534 2271 y Fh(i)2563 2256 y Fw(\))p Fj(=g)t |
| | 16591 | Fw(\()p Fj(t)2774 2271 y Fh(i)2801 2256 y Fw(\))44 b |
| | 16592 | Fn(\024)i Fj(R)q Fw(,)f(then)e(return)g(to)244 2364 y(p)s(oin)m(t)32 |
| | 16593 | b(2)g(for)g(a)g(new)i(try;)119 2482 y(4.)49 b(otherwise)33 |
| | 16594 | b Fj(t)713 2497 y Fh(i)774 2482 y Fw(is)f(retained)g(as)h(\014nal)f |
| | 16595 | (answ)m(er.)146 2595 y(It)e(ma)m(y)f(not)g(b)s(e)g(apparen)m(t)h(wh)m |
| | 16596 | (y)g(this)f(w)m(orks.)44 b(Consider,)30 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(the)c(v) |
| | 16597 | -5 b(arious)29 b(w)m(a)m(ys)i(in)d(whic)m(h)0 2703 y(one)34 |
| | 16598 | b(can)f(select)h(a)f(sp)s(eci\014c)h(time)e Fj(t)p Fw(.)45 |
| | 16599 | b(The)35 b(probabilit)m(y)c(that)i(the)h(\014rst)f(try)h(w)m(orks,)h |
| | 16600 | Fj(t)29 b Fw(=)g Fj(t)3331 2718 y Fl(1)3370 2703 y Fw(,)34 |
| | 16601 | b(i.e.)45 b(that)0 2812 y(no)32 b(in)m(termediate)g Fj(t)h |
| | 16602 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(need)i(b)s(e)e(rejected,)i(is)e(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y) |
| | 16603 | 489 3060 y Fn(P)558 3075 y Fl(0)598 3060 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)p |
| | 16604 | Fw(\))28 b(=)f(exp)1006 2939 y Fg(\032)1068 3060 y Fn(\000)1162 |
| | 16605 | 2943 y Fg(Z)1245 2969 y Fh(t)1208 3132 y Fl(0)1292 3060 |
| | 16606 | y Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)1416 3019 y Fk(0)1438 3060 y Fw(\))17 |
| | 16607 | b(d)p Fj(t)1582 3019 y Fk(0)1606 2939 y Fg(\033)1701 |
| | 16608 | 3060 y Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))1889 2993 y Fj(f)11 |
| | 16609 | b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))p 1889 3037 170 4 v 1893 3128 |
| | 16610 | a Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))2097 3060 y(=)27 b Fj(f)11 |
| | 16611 | b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))17 b(exp)2552 2939 y Fg(\032)2614 |
| | 16612 | 3060 y Fn(\000)2708 2943 y Fg(Z)2791 2969 y Fh(t)2755 |
| | 16613 | 3132 y Fl(0)2838 3060 y Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)2962 3019 |
| | 16614 | y Fk(0)2984 3060 y Fw(\))g(d)p Fj(t)3128 3019 y Fk(0)3152 |
| | 16615 | 2939 y Fg(\033)3263 3060 y Fj(;)316 b Fw(\(11\))0 3315 |
| | 16616 | y(where)33 b(the)e(exp)s(onen)m(tial)g(times)f Fj(g)t |
| | 16617 | Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))h(comes)h(from)e(eq.)i(\(8\))f(applied)f(to)h |
| | 16618 | Fj(g)t Fw(,)g(and)g(the)h(ratio)e Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p |
| | 16619 | Fw(\))p Fj(=g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))0 3423 y(is)32 b(the)i(probabilit) |
| | 16620 | m(y)d(that)h Fj(t)h Fw(is)g(accepted.)46 b(No)m(w)33 |
| | 16621 | b(consider)h(the)f(case)h(where)g(one)f(in)m(termediate)f(time)0 |
| | 16622 | 3532 y Fj(t)35 3547 y Fl(1)107 3532 y Fw(is)g(rejected)i(and)f |
| | 16623 | Fj(t)28 b Fw(=)f Fj(t)962 3547 y Fl(2)1034 3532 y Fw(is)32 |
| | 16624 | b(only)h(accepted)h(in)d(the)i(second)h(step.)45 b(This)32 |
| | 16625 | b(giv)m(es)50 3787 y Fn(P)119 3802 y Fl(1)159 3787 y |
| | 16626 | Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))27 b(=)401 3670 y Fg(Z)484 3696 |
| | 16627 | y Fh(t)447 3859 y Fl(0)530 3787 y Fw(d)p Fj(t)619 3802 |
| | 16628 | y Fl(1)676 3787 y Fw(exp)841 3666 y Fg(\032)903 3787 |
| | 16629 | y Fn(\000)997 3670 y Fg(Z)1081 3696 y Fh(t)1106 3705 |
| | 16630 | y Ff(1)1044 3859 y Fl(0)1161 3787 y Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)1285 |
| | 16631 | 3746 y Fk(0)1308 3787 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(t)1452 3746 |
| | 16632 | y Fk(0)1475 3666 y Fg(\033)1554 3787 y Fj(g)t Fw(\()p |
| | 16633 | Fj(t)1678 3802 y Fl(1)1717 3787 y Fw(\))1772 3641 y Fg(")1820 |
| | 16634 | 3787 y Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)2001 3720 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16635 | Fj(t)2133 3735 y Fl(1)2172 3720 y Fw(\))p 2001 3764 210 |
| | 16636 | 4 v 2005 3855 a Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)2129 3870 y Fl(1)2168 |
| | 16637 | 3855 y Fw(\))2220 3641 y Fg(#)2285 3787 y Fw(exp)2451 |
| | 16638 | 3666 y Fg(\032)2513 3787 y Fn(\000)2607 3670 y Fg(Z)2690 |
| | 16639 | 3696 y Fh(t)2653 3859 y(t)2678 3868 y Ff(1)2736 3787 |
| | 16640 | y Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)2860 3746 y Fk(0)2883 3787 y Fw(\))17 |
| | 16641 | b(d)p Fj(t)3027 3746 y Fk(0)3050 3666 y Fg(\033)3129 |
| | 16642 | 3787 y Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))3317 3720 y Fj(f)11 |
| | 16643 | b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))p 3317 3764 170 4 v 3321 3855 |
| | 16644 | a Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))3529 3787 y Fj(;)50 b Fw(\(12\))0 |
| | 16645 | 4048 y(where)38 b(the)g(\014rst)f(exp)s(onen)m(tial)f(times)g |
| | 16646 | Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)1580 4063 y Fl(1)1619 4048 y Fw(\))h(giv)m(es)g |
| | 16647 | (the)h(probabilit)m(y)d(that)h Fj(t)2863 4063 y Fl(1)2940 |
| | 16648 | 4048 y Fw(is)g(\014rst)i(selected,)h(the)0 4157 y(square)h(brac)m(k)m |
| | 16649 | (ets)h(the)e(probabilit)m(y)e(that)i Fj(t)1634 4172 y |
| | 16650 | Fl(1)1712 4157 y Fw(is)f(subsequen)m(tly)k(rejected,)g(the)d(follo)m |
| | 16651 | (wing)d(piece)j(the)0 4265 y(probabilit)m(y)g(that)h |
| | 16652 | Fj(t)i Fw(=)g Fj(t)956 4280 y Fl(2)1036 4265 y Fw(is)e(selected)i(when) |
| | 16653 | g(starting)e(from)g Fj(t)2423 4280 y Fl(1)2462 4265 y |
| | 16654 | Fw(,)j(and)e(the)g(\014nal)f(factor)g(that)h Fj(t)g Fw(is)0 |
| | 16655 | 4373 y(retained.)82 b(The)47 b(whole)e(is)g(to)g(b)s(e)h(in)m(tegrated) |
| | 16656 | g(o)m(v)m(er)g(all)e(p)s(ossible)g(in)m(termediate)h(times)f |
| | 16657 | Fj(t)3462 4388 y Fl(1)3502 4373 y Fw(.)83 b(The)0 4482 |
| | 16658 | y(exp)s(onen)m(tials)36 b(together)f(giv)m(e)h(an)g(in)m(tegral)e(o)m |
| | 16659 | (v)m(er)j(the)f(range)f(from)g(0)g(to)g Fj(t)p Fw(,)i(just)f(as)g(in)f |
| | 16660 | Fn(P)3348 4497 y Fl(0)3388 4482 y Fw(,)h(and)g(the)0 |
| | 16661 | 4590 y(factor)c(for)g(the)h(\014nal)f(step)h(b)s(eing)f(accepted)i(is)e |
| | 16662 | (also)g(the)h(same,)g(so)f(therefore)h(one)g(\014nds)h(that)1128 |
| | 16663 | 4828 y Fn(P)1197 4843 y Fl(1)1236 4828 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)p |
| | 16664 | Fw(\))28 b(=)g Fn(P)1548 4843 y Fl(0)1587 4828 y Fw(\()p |
| | 16665 | Fj(t)p Fw(\))1715 4711 y Fg(Z)1798 4737 y Fh(t)1761 4899 |
| | 16666 | y Fl(0)1844 4828 y Fw(d)p Fj(t)1933 4843 y Fl(1)1990 |
| | 16667 | 4828 y Fw([)p Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)2141 4843 y Fl(1)2180 |
| | 16668 | 4828 y Fw(\))22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)2471 |
| | 16669 | 4843 y Fl(1)2511 4828 y Fw(\)])49 b Fj(:)954 b Fw(\(13\))0 |
| | 16670 | 5055 y(This)33 b(generalizes.)45 b(In)33 b Fn(P)942 5070 |
| | 16671 | y Fl(2)1015 5055 y Fw(one)g(has)h(to)e(consider)i(t)m(w)m(o)f(in)m |
| | 16672 | (termediate)f(times,)g(0)d Fn(\024)g Fj(t)3127 5070 y |
| | 16673 | Fl(1)3195 5055 y Fn(\024)g Fj(t)3336 5070 y Fl(2)3404 |
| | 16674 | 5055 y Fn(\024)g Fj(t)3545 5070 y Fl(3)3613 5055 y Fw(=)f |
| | 16675 | Fj(t)p Fw(,)0 5164 y(and)33 b(so)663 5382 y Fn(P)732 |
| | 16676 | 5397 y Fl(2)772 5382 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))83 b(=)g |
| | 16677 | Fn(P)1194 5397 y Fl(0)1234 5382 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))1362 |
| | 16678 | 5265 y Fg(Z)1445 5291 y Fh(t)1408 5454 y Fl(0)1491 5382 |
| | 16679 | y Fw(d)p Fj(t)1580 5397 y Fl(1)1636 5382 y Fw([)p Fj(g)t |
| | 16680 | Fw(\()p Fj(t)1787 5397 y Fl(1)1826 5382 y Fw(\))22 b |
| | 16681 | Fn(\000)h Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)2118 5397 y Fl(1)2157 |
| | 16682 | 5382 y Fw(\)])2239 5265 y Fg(Z)2322 5291 y Fh(t)2285 |
| | 16683 | 5454 y(t)2310 5463 y Ff(1)2368 5382 y Fw(d)p Fj(t)2457 |
| | 16684 | 5397 y Fl(2)2514 5382 y Fw([)p Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)2665 |
| | 16685 | 5397 y Fl(2)2704 5382 y Fw(\))22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(f)11 |
| | 16686 | b Fw(\()p Fj(t)2995 5397 y Fl(2)3035 5382 y Fw(\)])966 |
| | 16687 | 5644 y(=)83 b Fn(P)1194 5659 y Fl(0)1234 5644 y Fw(\()p |
| | 16688 | Fj(t)p Fw(\))1355 5577 y(1)p 1355 5621 49 4 v 1355 5713 |
| | 16689 | a(2)1430 5523 y Fg(\022)1491 5527 y(Z)1574 5554 y Fh(t)1537 |
| | 16690 | 5716 y Fl(0)1621 5644 y Fw([)p Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)1772 |
| | 16691 | 5603 y Fk(0)1794 5644 y Fw(\))22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(f)11 |
| | 16692 | b Fw(\()p Fj(t)2086 5603 y Fk(0)2109 5644 y Fw(\)])17 |
| | 16693 | b(d)p Fj(t)2280 5603 y Fk(0)2304 5523 y Fg(\023)2365 |
| | 16694 | 5539 y Fl(2)2453 5644 y Fj(:)1126 b Fw(\(14\))1841 5953 |
| | 16695 | y(47)p eop |
| | 16696 | %%Page: 48 54 |
| | 16697 | 48 53 bop 0 -18 a Fw(The)34 b(last)f(equalit)m(y)g(is)f(most)h(easily)g |
| | 16698 | (seen)h(if)e(one)i(also)e(considers)i(the)g(alternativ)m(e)e(region)h |
| | 16699 | (0)28 b Fn(\024)i Fj(t)3634 -3 y Fl(2)3702 -18 y Fn(\024)0 |
| | 16700 | 90 y Fj(t)35 105 y Fl(1)102 90 y Fn(\024)e Fj(t)p Fw(,)i(where)g(the)g |
| | 16701 | (r^)-49 b(oles)28 b(of)g Fj(t)1108 105 y Fl(1)1177 90 |
| | 16702 | y Fw(and)h Fj(t)1398 105 y Fl(2)1466 90 y Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)h(just)f(b)s |
| | 16703 | (een)h(in)m(terc)m(hanged,)h(and)d(the)i(in)m(tegral)d(therefore)0 |
| | 16704 | 198 y(has)41 b(the)h(same)f(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(as)i(in)e(the)i(region)e |
| | 16705 | (considered.)70 b(Adding)40 b(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)g(regions,)g(ho)m(w)m(ev) |
| | 16706 | m(er,)k(the)0 307 y(in)m(tegrals)28 b(o)m(v)m(er)i Fj(t)630 |
| | 16707 | 322 y Fl(1)699 307 y Fw(and)f Fj(t)920 322 y Fl(2)989 |
| | 16708 | 307 y Fw(decouple,)h(and)f(b)s(ecome)g(equal.)42 b(In)30 |
| | 16709 | b(general,)f(for)g Fn(P)2934 322 y Fh(i)2962 307 y Fw(,)h(the)f |
| | 16710 | Fj(i)h Fw(in)m(termediate)0 415 y(times)35 b(can)g(b)s(e)h(ordered)g |
| | 16711 | (in)f Fj(i)p Fw(!)g(di\013eren)m(t)h(w)m(a)m(ys.)54 b(Therefore)36 |
| | 16712 | b(the)g(total)e(probabilit)m(y)f(to)j(accept)g Fj(t)p |
| | 16713 | Fw(,)g(in)0 523 y(an)m(y)d(step,)h(is)608 788 y Fn(P)8 |
| | 16714 | b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))84 b(=)1063 680 y Fk(1)1038 705 |
| | 16715 | y Fg(X)1041 888 y Fh(i)p Fl(=0)1175 788 y Fn(P)1244 803 |
| | 16716 | y Fh(i)1272 788 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))28 b(=)g Fn(P)1584 |
| | 16717 | 803 y Fl(0)1624 788 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))1776 680 y |
| | 16718 | Fk(1)1751 705 y Fg(X)1754 888 y Fh(i)p Fl(=0)1904 721 |
| | 16719 | y Fw(1)p 1898 765 61 4 v 1898 857 a Fj(i)p Fw(!)1985 |
| | 16720 | 667 y Fg(\022)2046 671 y(Z)2129 697 y Fh(t)2092 860 y |
| | 16721 | Fl(0)2175 788 y Fw([)p Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)2326 747 y |
| | 16722 | Fk(0)2349 788 y Fw(\))22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16723 | Fj(t)2641 747 y Fk(0)2664 788 y Fw(\)])16 b(d)p Fj(t)2834 |
| | 16724 | 747 y Fk(0)2858 667 y Fg(\023)2919 683 y Fh(i)880 1061 |
| | 16725 | y Fw(=)82 b Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))17 b(exp)1391 |
| | 16726 | 940 y Fg(\032)1453 1061 y Fn(\000)1547 944 y Fg(Z)1630 |
| | 16727 | 970 y Fh(t)1593 1132 y Fl(0)1676 1061 y Fj(g)t Fw(\()p |
| | 16728 | Fj(t)1800 1020 y Fk(0)1823 1061 y Fw(\))g(d)p Fj(t)1967 |
| | 16729 | 1020 y Fk(0)1990 940 y Fg(\033)2069 1061 y Fw(exp)2235 |
| | 16730 | 940 y Fg(\032)2297 944 y(Z)2380 970 y Fh(t)2343 1132 |
| | 16731 | y Fl(0)2426 1061 y Fw([)p Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)2577 1020 |
| | 16732 | y Fk(0)2600 1061 y Fw(\))22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16733 | Fj(t)2892 1020 y Fk(0)2915 1061 y Fw(\)])17 b(d)p Fj(t)3086 |
| | 16734 | 1020 y Fk(0)3109 940 y Fg(\033)880 1300 y Fw(=)82 b Fj(f)11 |
| | 16735 | b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))17 b(exp)1391 1179 y Fg(\032)1453 |
| | 16736 | 1300 y Fn(\000)1547 1183 y Fg(Z)1630 1210 y Fh(t)1593 |
| | 16737 | 1372 y Fl(0)1676 1300 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)1808 1259 |
| | 16738 | y Fk(0)1831 1300 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(t)1975 1259 y Fk(0)1999 |
| | 16739 | 1179 y Fg(\033)2110 1300 y Fj(;)1469 b Fw(\(15\))0 1541 |
| | 16740 | y(whic)m(h)33 b(is)f(the)h(desired)g(answ)m(er.)146 1649 |
| | 16741 | y(If)42 b(the)g(pro)s(cess)h(is)e(to)g(b)s(e)g(stopp)s(ed)i(at)e(some)g |
| | 16742 | (scale)h Fj(t)2190 1664 y Fl(max)2326 1649 y Fw(,)h(i.e.)70 |
| | 16743 | b(if)41 b(one)g(w)m(ould)h(lik)m(e)f(to)g(remain)0 1757 |
| | 16744 | y(with)32 b(a)f(fraction)g Fn(N)15 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)832 |
| | 16745 | 1772 y Fl(max)967 1757 y Fw(\))32 b(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(where)e |
| | 16746 | (nothing)e(happ)s(ens)i(at)e(all,)f(this)i(is)f(easy)i(to)f(include)f |
| | 16747 | (in)0 1866 y(the)j(v)m(eto)f(algorithm:)42 b(just)33 |
| | 16748 | b(iterate)g(up)m(w)m(ards)i(in)d Fj(t)h Fw(at)g(usual,)g(but)h(stop)f |
| | 16749 | (the)h(pro)s(cess)g(if)e(no)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)0 1974 y(branc)m(hing)g(is) |
| | 16750 | f(found)g(b)s(efore)h Fj(t)1152 1989 y Fl(max)1288 1974 |
| | 16751 | y Fw(.)146 2082 y(Usually)28 b Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)p |
| | 16752 | Fw(\))27 b(is)h(a)g(function)f(also)g(of)h(additional)d(v)-5 |
| | 16753 | b(ariables)27 b Fj(x)p Fw(.)42 b(The)29 b(metho)s(ds)f(of)g(the)g |
| | 16754 | (preceding)0 2191 y(subsection)34 b(are)e(easy)i(to)f(generalize)e(if)h |
| | 16755 | (one)h(can)g(\014nd)g(a)g(suitable)e(function)i Fj(g)t |
| | 16756 | Fw(\()p Fj(t;)17 b(x)p Fw(\))32 b(with)g Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 16757 | Fj(t;)17 b(x)p Fw(\))28 b Fn(\024)0 2299 y Fj(g)t Fw(\()p |
| | 16758 | Fj(t;)17 b(x)p Fw(\).)58 b(The)39 b Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)p |
| | 16759 | Fw(\))e(used)i(in)e(the)h(v)m(eto)g(algorithm)d(is)i(the)h(in)m(tegral) |
| | 16760 | e(of)h Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t;)17 b(x)p Fw(\))37 b(o)m(v)m(er)i |
| | 16761 | Fj(x)p Fw(.)59 b(Eac)m(h)39 b(time)0 2407 y(a)33 b Fj(t)117 |
| | 16762 | 2422 y Fh(i)178 2407 y Fw(has)h(b)s(een)g(selected)g(also)f(an)g |
| | 16763 | Fj(x)1336 2422 y Fh(i)1398 2407 y Fw(is)f(pic)m(k)m(ed,)j(according)e |
| | 16764 | (to)f Fj(g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)2508 2422 y Fh(i)2536 2407 |
| | 16765 | y Fj(;)17 b(x)p Fw(\))g Fj(dx)p Fw(,)33 b(and)h(the)f(\()p |
| | 16766 | Fj(t;)17 b(x)p Fw(\))34 b(p)s(oin)m(t)e(is)0 2516 y(accepted)i(with)e |
| | 16767 | (probabilit)m(y)f Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(t)1254 2531 y |
| | 16768 | Fh(i)1282 2516 y Fj(;)17 b(x)1381 2531 y Fh(i)1409 2516 |
| | 16769 | y Fw(\))p Fj(=g)t Fw(\()p Fj(t)1620 2531 y Fh(i)1648 |
| | 16770 | 2516 y Fj(;)g(x)1747 2531 y Fh(i)1775 2516 y Fw(\).)0 |
| | 16771 | 2788 y Fp(4.3)135 b(The)45 b(Random)g(Num)l(b)t(er)g(Generator)0 |
| | 16772 | 2961 y Fw(The)i(construction)g(of)f(a)g(go)s(o)s(d,)i(p)s(ortable)d |
| | 16773 | (\(pseudo\)random)i(generator)f(is)g(not)g(a)g(trivial)e(task.)0 |
| | 16774 | 3069 y(Therefore)d Fm(Jetset)f Fw(has)g(traditionally)d(sta)m(y)m(ed)42 |
| | 16775 | b(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)g(from)d(that)h(area,)i(and)f(just)f(pro)m(vided)h(the) |
| | 16776 | 0 3177 y(routine)c Fq(RLU)h Fw(as)g(an)g(in)m(terface,)h(whic)m(h)f |
| | 16777 | (the)g(user)h(could)e(mo)s(dify)f(to)h(call)f(on)h(an)h(existing)f |
| | 16778 | (routine,)0 3286 y(implemen)m(ted)31 b(on)i(the)g(actual)e(mac)m(hine)h |
| | 16779 | (b)s(eing)g(used.)146 3394 y(In)c(recen)m(t)h(y)m(ears,)h(progress)e |
| | 16780 | (has)g(b)s(een)g(made)f(in)g(constructing)g(p)s(ortable)g(generators)h |
| | 16781 | (with)f(large)0 3502 y(p)s(erio)s(ds)k(and)g(other)h(go)s(o)s(d)e(prop) |
| | 16782 | s(erties;)i(see)h(the)f(review)g([Jam90)o(].)43 b(Therefore)32 |
| | 16783 | b(the)g(curren)m(t)h(v)m(ersion)0 3611 y(con)m(tains)47 |
| | 16784 | b(a)f(random)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(generator)f(based)g(on)g(the)g |
| | 16785 | (algorithm)d(prop)s(osed)k(b)m(y)f(Marsaglia,)0 3719 |
| | 16786 | y(Zaman)37 b(and)i(Tsang)g([Mar90].)61 b(This)39 b(routine)f(should)g |
| | 16787 | (w)m(ork)h(on)g(an)m(y)g(mac)m(hine)f(with)g(a)g(man)m(tissa)0 |
| | 16788 | 3827 y(of)c(at)f(least)h(24)g(digits,)f(i.e.)47 b(all)32 |
| | 16789 | b(common)h(32-bit)f(\(or)i(more\))f(computers.)49 b(Giv)m(en)34 |
| | 16790 | b(the)g(same)g(initial)0 3936 y(state,)50 b(the)c(sequence)j(will)44 |
| | 16791 | b(also)h(b)s(e)h(iden)m(tical)f(on)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(mac)m(hines.)84 |
| | 16792 | b(This)46 b(need)h(not)f(mean)0 4044 y(that)c(the)g(same)g(sequence)j |
| | 16793 | (of)c(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(will)c(b)s(e)i(generated)h(on)f(an)g(IBM)g(and)h |
| | 16794 | (a)e(V)-11 b(AX,)43 b(sa)m(y)-8 b(,)45 b(since)0 4152 |
| | 16795 | y(the)d(di\013eren)m(t)f(treatmen)m(ts)h(of)f(roundo\013)g(errors)h(in) |
| | 16796 | f(n)m(umerical)f(op)s(erations)g(will)f(lead)i(to)g(sligh)m(tly)0 |
| | 16797 | 4261 y(di\013eren)m(t)29 b(real)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)h(b)s(eing)e(tested) |
| | 16798 | i(against)f(these)h(random)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)i(in)f(IF)g(statemen)m |
| | 16799 | (ts.)43 b(Also)0 4369 y(co)s(de)d(optimization)d(ma)m(y)j(lead)f(to)h |
| | 16800 | (a)g(div)m(ergence.)67 b(Apart)40 b(from)e(nomenclature)i(issues,)j |
| | 16801 | (and)d(the)0 4478 y(co)s(ding)h(of)49 b Fq(RLU)43 b Fw(as)g(a)f |
| | 16802 | (function)f(rather)i(than)f(a)g(subroutine,)j(the)e(only)f |
| | 16803 | (di\013erence)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)0 4586 y Fm(Jetset)32 |
| | 16804 | b Fw(co)s(de)h(and)g(the)g(co)s(de)g(giv)m(en)g(in)f([Jam90)o(])h(is)f |
| | 16805 | (that)h(sligh)m(tly)e(di\013eren)m(t)i(algorithms)d(are)j(used)0 |
| | 16806 | 4694 y(to)f(ensure)i(that)f(the)g(random)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(is)f(not)h |
| | 16807 | (equal)f(to)g(0)h(or)f(1)g(within)g(the)h(mac)m(hine)f(precision.)146 |
| | 16808 | 4803 y(The)j(generator)e(has)h(a)g(p)s(erio)s(d)e(of)i(o)m(v)m(er)g(10) |
| | 16809 | 1764 4766 y Fl(43)1838 4803 y Fw(,)g(and)g(the)g(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e |
| | 16810 | (to)h(obtain)f(almost)g(10)3563 4766 y Fl(9)3636 4803 |
| | 16811 | y Fw(dif-)0 4911 y(feren)m(t)j(and)f(disjoin)m(t)f(subsequences,)38 |
| | 16812 | b(selected)e(b)m(y)f(giving)d(an)i(initial)c(in)m(teger)k(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 16813 | (er.)49 b(The)35 b(price)0 5019 y(to)28 b(b)s(e)h(paid)f(for)g(the)i |
| | 16814 | (long)d(p)s(erio)s(d)h(is)g(that)g(the)i(state)f(of)f(the)h(generator)g |
| | 16815 | (at)f(a)h(giv)m(en)f(momen)m(t)g(cannot)0 5128 y(b)s(e)40 |
| | 16816 | b(describ)s(ed)g(b)m(y)g(a)f(single)f(in)m(teger,)j(but)f(requires)g |
| | 16817 | (ab)s(out)f(100)f(w)m(ords.)65 b(Some)39 b(of)f(these)j(are)e(real)0 |
| | 16818 | 5236 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers,)32 b(and)f(are)f(th)m(us)i(not)f(correctly)g |
| | 16819 | (represen)m(ted)i(in)d(decimal)e(form.)42 b(The)32 b(normal)c(pro)s |
| | 16820 | (cedure,)0 5344 y(whic)m(h)41 b(mak)m(es)f(it)f(p)s(ossible)h(to)g |
| | 16821 | (restart)g(the)h(generation)e(from)g(a)h(seed)h(v)-5 |
| | 16822 | b(alue)40 b(written)g(to)g(the)g(run)0 5453 y(output,)29 |
| | 16823 | b(is)e(therefore)i(not)e(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t.)44 b(The)29 |
| | 16824 | b(CERN)f(library)f(implemen)m(tation)d(k)m(eeps)30 b(trac)m(k)f(of)e |
| | 16825 | (the)0 5561 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)33 b(of)f(random)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)j |
| | 16826 | (generated)f(since)g(the)g(start.)43 b(With)32 b(this)g(v)-5 |
| | 16827 | b(alue)32 b(sa)m(v)m(ed,)i(in)e(a)g(subse-)0 5669 y(quen)m(t)f(run)f |
| | 16828 | (the)g(random)f(generator)h(can)g(b)s(e)g(ask)m(ed)h(to)e(skip)h(ahead) |
| | 16829 | g(the)g(corresp)s(onding)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)1841 |
| | 16830 | 5953 y(48)p eop |
| | 16831 | %%Page: 49 55 |
| | 16832 | 49 54 bop 0 -18 a Fw(random)29 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers.)44 |
| | 16833 | b Fm(Jetset)29 b Fw(is)h(a)g(hea)m(vy)h(user)h(of)d(random)h(n)m(um)m |
| | 16834 | (b)s(ers,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er:)45 b(t)m(ypically)29 b(30\045)h(of)0 |
| | 16835 | 90 y(the)g(full)e(run)i(time)e(is)h(sp)s(en)m(t)i(on)f(random)f(n)m(um) |
| | 16836 | m(b)s(er)h(generation.)42 b(Of)29 b(this,)h(half)f(is)g(o)m(v)m(erhead) |
| | 16837 | i(coming)0 198 y(from)j(the)i(function)f(call)f(administration,)f(but)i |
| | 16838 | (the)h(other)g(half)e(is)h(truly)g(related)g(to)g(the)h(sp)s(eed)h(of)0 |
| | 16839 | 307 y(the)31 b(algorithm.)40 b(Therefore)32 b(a)f(skipping)f(ahead)h(w) |
| | 16840 | m(ould)g(tak)m(e)h(place)f(with)f(15\045)h(of)g(the)g(time)f(cost)h(of) |
| | 16841 | 0 415 y(the)i(original)c(run,)k(i.e.)43 b(an)33 b(uncomfortably)e(high) |
| | 16842 | h(\014gure.)146 523 y(Instead)48 b(a)f(di\013eren)m(t)g(solution)f(is)g |
| | 16843 | (c)m(hosen)j(here.)88 b(Tw)m(o)48 b(sp)s(ecial)e(routines)h(are)g(pro)m |
| | 16844 | (vided)g(for)0 632 y(writing)35 b(and)i(reading)f(the)h(state)g(of)f |
| | 16845 | (the)h(random)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(generator)g(\(plus)f(some)h |
| | 16846 | (initialization)0 740 y(information\))24 b(on)j(a)g(sequen)m(tial)h |
| | 16847 | (\014le,)g(in)f(a)g(mac)m(hine-dep)s(enden)m(t)h(in)m(ternal)e |
| | 16848 | (represen)m(tation.)43 b(The)28 b(\014le)0 848 y(used)34 |
| | 16849 | b(for)f(this)f(purp)s(ose)i(has)f(to)g(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 16850 | (y)m(ou,)f(and)g(op)s(ened)h(for)f(read)g(and)g(write.)44 |
| | 16851 | b(A)33 b(state)0 957 y(is)d(written)g(as)h(a)f(single)f(record,)i(in)f |
| | 16852 | (free)h(format.)41 b(It)30 b(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)g(write)g(an)g |
| | 16853 | (arbitrary)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)0 1065 y(states)h(on)f(a)g(\014le,)h |
| | 16854 | (and)f(a)g(record)h(can)f(b)s(e)h(o)m(v)m(erwritten,)h(if)d(so)h |
| | 16855 | (desired.)44 b(The)32 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generation)e(lo)s(op)0 |
| | 16856 | 1173 y(migh)m(t)g(then)i(lo)s(ok)f(something)f(lik)m(e:)119 |
| | 16857 | 1286 y(1.)49 b(sa)m(v)m(e)34 b(the)f(state)g(of)f(the)h(generator)g(on) |
| | 16858 | f(\014le)g(\(using)h(\015ag)f(set)h(in)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(3)g(b)s(elo)m |
| | 16859 | (w\),)119 1404 y(2.)49 b(generate)33 b(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)119 |
| | 16860 | 1522 y(3.)49 b(study)42 b(the)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(for)d(errors)h(or)f |
| | 16861 | (other)h(reasons)h(wh)m(y)g(to)f(regenerate)g(it)f(later;)k(set)d |
| | 16862 | (\015ag)g(to)244 1630 y(o)m(v)m(erwrite)48 b(previous)f(generator)g |
| | 16863 | (state)g(if)f(no)h(errors,)k(otherwise)c(set)h(\015ag)e(to)h(create)h |
| | 16864 | (new)244 1739 y(record;)119 1856 y(4.)h(lo)s(op)31 b(bac)m(k)j(to)e(p)s |
| | 16865 | (oin)m(t)f(1.)0 1969 y(With)25 b(this)g(pro)s(cedure,)j(the)e(\014le)f |
| | 16866 | (will)e(con)m(tain)j(the)g(state)g(b)s(efore)f(eac)m(h)i(of)e(the)h |
| | 16867 | (problematical)c(ev)m(en)m(ts.)0 2078 y(An)34 b(alternativ)m(e)g |
| | 16868 | (approac)m(h)g(migh)m(t)f(b)s(e)h(to)g(sa)m(v)m(e)h(the)g(state)f(ev)m |
| | 16869 | (ery)i(100)d(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(or)d(so.)48 b(If)34 b(the)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)0 |
| | 16870 | 2186 y(are)25 b(subsequen)m(tly)j(pro)s(cessed)f(through)e(a)f |
| | 16871 | (detector)i(sim)m(ulation,)e(y)m(ou)i(ma)m(y)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(sa)m |
| | 16872 | (v)m(e)h(also)e(other)0 2295 y(sets)34 b(of)e(seeds,)i(naturally)-8 |
| | 16873 | b(.)146 2403 y(In)32 b(addition)e(to)i(the)g(service)h(routines,)f(the) |
| | 16874 | g(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)i(whic)m(h)g(con)m(tains)g(the)h(state)f(of)f |
| | 16875 | (the)0 2511 y(generator)41 b(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)39 |
| | 16876 | b(for)i(manipulation,)g(if)f(y)m(ou)i(so)g(desire.)71 |
| | 16877 | b(In)41 b(particular,)h(the)g(initial)c(seed)0 2620 y(v)-5 |
| | 16878 | b(alue)35 b(is)g(b)m(y)i(default)e(19780503,)g(i.e.)52 |
| | 16879 | b(di\013eren)m(t)36 b(from)f(the)h(Marsaglia/CERN)e(default)h |
| | 16880 | (54217137.)0 2728 y(It)k(is)e(p)s(ossible)h(to)g(c)m(hange)i(this)e(v) |
| | 16881 | -5 b(alue)38 b(b)s(efore)g(an)m(y)h(random)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)h(ha)m(v) |
| | 16882 | m(e)h(b)s(een)f(generated,)i(or)0 2836 y(to)36 b(force)h |
| | 16883 | (reinitialization)32 b(in)k(mid-run)f(with)h(an)m(y)i(desired)f(new)h |
| | 16884 | (seed.)57 b(Inside)37 b Fm(Jetset/Pythia)p Fw(,)0 2945 |
| | 16885 | y(some)d(initialization)29 b(ma)m(y)34 b(tak)m(e)h(place)f(in)f |
| | 16886 | (connection)h(with)g(the)h(v)m(ery)h(\014rst)e(ev)m(en)m(t)i(generated) |
| | 16887 | f(in)f(a)0 3053 y(run,)d(so)g(sometimes)e(it)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)h |
| | 16888 | (necessary)i(to)d(generate)h(one)f(ordinary)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(b)s(efore)f |
| | 16889 | (reading)e(in)h(a)0 3161 y(sa)m(v)m(ed)k(state)f(to)g(generate)g(an)f |
| | 16890 | (in)m(teresting)h(ev)m(en)m(t.)45 b(In)33 b(the)g(curren)m(t)h |
| | 16891 | Fm(Pythia)e Fw(v)m(ersion,)i(some)e(of)g(the)0 3270 y(m)m(ultiple)d(in) |
| | 16892 | m(teraction)h(mac)m(hinery)h(options)f(con)m(tain)h(an)g(elemen)m(t)g |
| | 16893 | (of)g(learning,)f(whic)m(h)h(means)h(that)0 3378 y(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h |
| | 16894 | (sequence)i(ma)m(y)c(b)s(e)h(brok)m(en.)146 3486 y(It)44 |
| | 16895 | b(should)g(b)s(e)g(noted)g(that,)j(of)c(course,)48 b(the)d(app)s |
| | 16896 | (earance)f(of)g(a)f(random)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(generator)0 |
| | 16897 | 3595 y(pac)m(k)-5 b(age)32 b(inside)f Fm(Jetset)g Fw(do)s(es)h(in)f(no) |
| | 16898 | h(w)m(a)m(y)h(preclude)f(the)h(use)f(of)g(other)f(routines.)44 |
| | 16899 | b(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(can)h(easily)0 3703 y(rev)m(ert)f(to)e(the)h(old)e |
| | 16900 | (approac)m(h,)j(where)f Fq(RLU)g Fw(is)f(nothing)g(but)h(an)f(in)m |
| | 16901 | (terface)h(to)f(an)g(arbitrary)f(external)0 3811 y(random)k(n)m(um)m(b) |
| | 16902 | s(er)h(generator;)f(e.g.)44 b(to)32 b(call)f(a)h(routine)g |
| | 16903 | Fq(RNDM)i Fw(all)c(y)m(ou)k(need)f(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(is)308 |
| | 16904 | 3997 y Fq(FUNCTION)53 b(RLU\(IDUMMY\))103 4105 y(100)f |
| | 16905 | (RLU=RNDM\(IDUMMY\))308 4214 y(IF\(RLU.LE.0..OR.RLU.GE.1.\))58 |
| | 16906 | b(GOTO)52 b(100)308 4322 y(RETURN)308 4430 y(END)146 |
| | 16907 | 4616 y Fw(The)34 b(random)e(generator)g(subpac)m(k)-5 |
| | 16908 | b(age)34 b(consists)f(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)d(comp)s(onen)m(ts.)p |
| | 16909 | 0 4760 928 9 v 0 4980 9 220 v 79 4900 a Fq(R)52 b(=)f(RLU\(IDUMMY\))p |
| | 16910 | 919 4980 V 0 4988 928 9 v 0 5125 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)d Fw(to)38 |
| | 16911 | b(generate)h(a)f(\(pseudo\)random)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g |
| | 16912 | Fq(R)g Fw(uniformly)d(in)i(the)h(range)f(0)p Fj(<)p Fq(R)p |
| | 16913 | Fj(<)p Fw(1,)i(i.e.)472 5233 y(excluding)33 b(the)g(endp)s(oin)m(ts.)0 |
| | 16914 | 5342 y Fq(IDUMMY)53 b(:)62 b Fw(dumm)m(y)33 b(input)f(argumen)m(t;)g |
| | 16915 | (normally)e(0.)p 0 5486 1235 9 v 0 5711 9 225 v 79 5626 |
| | 16916 | a Fq(CALL)52 b(RLUGET\(LFN,MOVE\))p 1227 5711 V 0 5719 |
| | 16917 | 1235 9 v 1841 5953 a Fw(49)p eop |
| | 16918 | %%Page: 50 56 |
| | 16919 | 50 55 bop 0 -18 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)30 b(dump)h(the)h(curren)m |
| | 16920 | (t)g(state)f(of)g(the)g(random)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(generator)e(on)h(a)g |
| | 16921 | (separate)h(\014le,)472 90 y(using)i(in)m(ternal)e(represen)m(tation)i |
| | 16922 | (for)f(real)g(and)h(in)m(teger)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers.)47 |
| | 16923 | b(T)-8 b(o)34 b(b)s(e)f(precise,)i(the)472 198 y(full)41 |
| | 16924 | b(con)m(ten)m(ts)k(of)d(the)h Fq(LUDATR)i Fw(common)c(blo)s(c)m(k)i |
| | 16925 | (are)f(written)h(on)g(the)g(\014le,)i(with)d(the)472 |
| | 16926 | 307 y(exception)34 b(of)39 b Fq(MRLU\(6\))p Fw(.)0 415 |
| | 16927 | y Fq(LFN)52 b(:)216 b Fw(\(logical)30 b(\014le)j(n)m(um)m(b)s(er\))g |
| | 16928 | (the)h(\014le)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(to)g(whic)m(h)h(the)f(state)h(is)e |
| | 16929 | (dump)s(ed.)45 b(Y)-8 b(ou)33 b(m)m(ust)472 523 y(asso)s(ciate)g(this)g |
| | 16930 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(with)f(a)g(true)g(\014le)g(\(with)g(a)g(mac)m |
| | 16931 | (hine-dep)s(enden)m(t)h(name\),)f(and)472 632 y(see)h(to)e(it)g(that)g |
| | 16932 | (this)h(\014le)f(is)g(op)s(en)h(for)f(write.)0 740 y |
| | 16933 | Fq(MOVE)52 b(:)165 b Fw(c)m(hoice)27 b(of)f(adding)f(a)h(new)h(record)g |
| | 16934 | (to)f(the)h(\014le)f(or)g(o)m(v)m(erwriting)f(old)h(record\(s\).)42 |
| | 16935 | b(Normally)472 848 y(only)33 b(options)e(0)i(or)f Fn(\000)p |
| | 16936 | Fw(1)h(should)f(b)s(e)h(used.)236 957 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(\(or)h(>)g(0\))g |
| | 16937 | (:)47 b Fw(add)33 b(a)f(new)i(record)f(to)f(the)h(end)g(of)f(the)h |
| | 16938 | (\014le.)236 1065 y Fq(=)52 b(-1)g(:)165 b Fw(o)m(v)m(erwrite)36 |
| | 16939 | b(the)f(last)g(record)h(with)f(a)f(new)j(one)e(\(i.e.)51 |
| | 16940 | b(do)35 b(one)h Fq(BACKSPACE)h Fw(b)s(efore)709 1173 |
| | 16941 | y(the)c(new)g(write\).)236 1282 y Fq(=)52 b Fn(\000)p |
| | 16942 | Fj(n)g Fq(:)132 b Fw(bac)m(k)35 b(up)g Fj(n)g Fw(records)g(b)s(efore)g |
| | 16943 | (writing)e(the)i(new)g(record.)50 b(The)36 b(records)f(follo)m(wing)709 |
| | 16944 | 1390 y(after)k(the)h(new)h(one)f(are)g(lost,)h(i.e.)65 |
| | 16945 | b(the)40 b(last)f Fj(n)h Fw(old)f(records)h(are)g(lost)f(and)h(one)709 |
| | 16946 | 1498 y(new)33 b(added.)p 0 1623 1235 9 v 0 1848 9 225 |
| | 16947 | v 79 1763 a Fq(CALL)52 b(RLUSET\(LFN,MOVE\))p 1227 1848 |
| | 16948 | V 0 1856 1235 9 v 0 1988 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)24 |
| | 16949 | b(read)g(in)g(a)g(state)h(for)f(the)g(random)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h |
| | 16950 | (generator,)h(from)d(whic)m(h)i(the)f(subsequen)m(t)472 |
| | 16951 | 2096 y(generation)48 b(can)g(pro)s(ceed.)91 b(The)49 |
| | 16952 | b(state)g(m)m(ust)f(previously)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f(sa)m(v)m(ed)h |
| | 16953 | (b)m(y)f(a)472 2205 y Fq(RLUGET)42 b Fw(call.)63 b(Again)39 |
| | 16954 | b(the)h(full)e(con)m(ten)m(ts)k(of)d(the)h Fq(LUDATR)h |
| | 16955 | Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)g(are)h(read,)472 2313 y(with)33 |
| | 16956 | b(the)g(exception)g(of)39 b Fq(MRLU\(6\))p Fw(.)0 2421 |
| | 16957 | y Fq(LFN)52 b(:)216 b Fw(\(logical)34 b(\014le)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er\))g |
| | 16958 | (the)h(\014le)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(from)e(whic)m(h)i(the)f(state)h(is)f |
| | 16959 | (read.)55 b(Y)-8 b(ou)36 b(m)m(ust)472 2530 y(asso)s(ciate)i(this)f(n)m |
| | 16960 | (um)m(b)s(er)h(with)f(a)g(true)h(\014le)f(previously)h(written)g(with)f |
| | 16961 | (a)g Fq(RLUGET)i Fw(call,)472 2638 y(and)33 b(see)h(to)e(it)g(that)g |
| | 16962 | (this)g(\014le)g(is)g(op)s(en)h(for)f(read.)0 2746 y |
| | 16963 | Fq(MOVE)52 b(:)165 b Fw(p)s(ositioning)23 b(in)i(\014le)h(b)s(efore)g |
| | 16964 | (a)f(record)h(is)g(read.)41 b(With)25 b(zero)h(v)-5 b(alue,)27 |
| | 16965 | b(records)g(are)e(read)h(one)472 2855 y(after)f(the)g(other)h(for)e |
| | 16966 | (eac)m(h)i(new)g(call,)e(while)h(non-zero)f(v)-5 b(alues)25 |
| | 16967 | b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(used)h(to)f(na)m(vigate)472 2963 y(bac)m(k)34 |
| | 16968 | b(and)f(forth,)f(and)h(e.g.)43 b(return)33 b(to)g(the)g(same)f(initial) |
| | 16969 | d(state)k(sev)m(eral)g(times.)236 3071 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 16970 | b Fw(read)32 b(the)h(next)h(record.)236 3180 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 16971 | b Fw(+)p Fj(n)f Fq(:)134 b Fw(skip)32 b(ahead)h Fj(n)f |
| | 16972 | Fw(records)i(b)s(efore)e(reading)g(the)g(record)h(that)f(sets)i(the)e |
| | 16973 | (state)h(of)f(the)709 3288 y(random)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(generator.)236 |
| | 16974 | 3396 y Fq(=)52 b Fn(\000)p Fj(n)g Fq(:)132 b Fw(bac)m(k)42 |
| | 16975 | b(up)g Fj(n)f Fw(records)h(b)s(efore)g(reading)e(the)i(record)g(that)f |
| | 16976 | (sets)i(the)e(state)h(of)f(the)709 3505 y(random)31 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i |
| | 16977 | (generator.)p 0 3649 1748 9 v 0 3874 9 225 v 79 3789 |
| | 16978 | a Fq(COMMON/LUDATR/MRLU\(6\),RR)q(LU\(1)q(00\))p 1739 |
| | 16979 | 3874 V 0 3882 1748 9 v 0 4019 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)e(con)m(tain) |
| | 16980 | g(the)h(state)h(of)e(the)h(random)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(generator)g(at)f |
| | 16981 | (an)m(y)h(momen)m(t)f(\(for)472 4128 y(comm)m(unication)c(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 16982 | (een)k Fq(RLU)p Fw(,)f Fq(RLUGET)h Fw(and)e Fq(RLUSET)p |
| | 16983 | Fw(\),)i(and)e(also)f(to)h(pro)m(vide)g(the)472 4236 |
| | 16984 | y(user)35 b(with)d(the)i(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d(to)i(initialize)c |
| | 16985 | (di\013eren)m(t)34 b(random)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(sequences,)i(and)472 |
| | 16986 | 4344 y(to)d(kno)m(w)g(ho)m(w)h(man)m(y)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)i(ha)m(v)m(e) |
| | 16987 | g(b)s(een)f(generated.)0 4453 y Fq(MRLU\(1\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 16988 | b Fw(\(D=19780503\))30 b(the)j(in)m(teger)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(that)g |
| | 16989 | (sp)s(eci\014es)h(whic)m(h)f(of)f(the)h(p)s(ossible)f(subse-)472 |
| | 16990 | 4561 y(quences)k(will)c(b)s(e)h(initialized)d(in)j(the)h(next)h |
| | 16991 | Fq(RLU)f Fw(call)e(for)h(whic)m(h)h Fq(MRLU\(2\)=0)p |
| | 16992 | Fw(.)49 b(Allo)m(w)m(ed)472 4669 y(v)-5 b(alues)24 b(are)f(0)p |
| | 16993 | Fn(\024)p Fq(MRLU\(1\))p Fn(\024)p Fw(900)16 b(000)g(000,)26 |
| | 16994 | b(the)e(original)c(Marsaglia)i(\(and)h(CERN)h(library\))472 |
| | 16995 | 4778 y(seed)42 b(is)e(54217137.)64 b(The)41 b Fq(MRLU\(1\))h |
| | 16996 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(is)g(not)g(c)m(hanged)h(b)m(y)g(an)m(y)g(of)f(the)h |
| | 16997 | Fm(Jetset)472 4886 y Fw(routines.)0 4994 y Fq(MRLU\(2\))53 |
| | 16998 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))24 b(initialization)c(\015ag,)26 |
| | 16999 | b(put)g(to)f(1)g(in)f(the)i(\014rst)g Fq(RLU)g Fw(call)d(of)i(run.)41 |
| | 17000 | b(A)26 b(reinitialization)472 5103 y(of)g(the)h(random)e(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 17001 | (er)i(generator)f(can)h(b)s(e)g(made)e(in)h(mid-run)f(b)m(y)i |
| | 17002 | (resetting)h Fq(MRLU\(2\))472 5211 y Fw(to)j(0)g(b)m(y)i(hand.)43 |
| | 17003 | b(In)32 b(addition,)e(an)m(y)i(time)e(the)h(coun)m(ter)i |
| | 17004 | Fq(MRLU\(3\))g Fw(reac)m(hes)g(1000000000,)472 5319 y(it)f(is)g(reset)i |
| | 17005 | (to)e(0)g(and)h Fq(MRLU\(2\))h Fw(is)e(increased)i(b)m(y)f(1.)0 |
| | 17006 | 5428 y Fq(MRLU\(3\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))29 b(coun)m(ter)i(for)f(the) |
| | 17007 | g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(random)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)i(generated)g(from)e |
| | 17008 | (the)i(b)s(egin-)472 5536 y(ning)38 b(of)g(the)h(run.)62 |
| | 17009 | b(T)-8 b(o)39 b(a)m(v)m(oid)g(o)m(v)m(er\015o)m(w)h(when)g(v)m(ery)g |
| | 17010 | (man)m(y)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)i(are)f(generated,)472 5644 |
| | 17011 | y Fq(MRLU\(2\))c Fw(is)d(used)i(as)e(describ)s(ed)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.) |
| | 17012 | 1841 5953 y(50)p eop |
| | 17013 | %%Page: 51 57 |
| | 17014 | 51 56 bop 0 -18 a Fq(MRLU\(4\),)53 b(MRLU\(5\))h(:)47 |
| | 17015 | b(I97)26 b Fw(and)e Fq(J97)i Fw(of)e(the)h(CERN)h(library)d(implemen)m |
| | 17016 | (tation;)h(part)h(of)f(the)h(state)472 90 y(of)33 b(the)g(generator.)0 |
| | 17017 | 198 y Fq(MRLU\(6\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))40 b(curren)m(t)i(p)s |
| | 17018 | (osition,)f(i.e.)69 b(ho)m(w)41 b(man)m(y)g(records)h(after)f(b)s |
| | 17019 | (eginning,)h(in)e(the)i(\014le;)472 307 y(used)34 b(b)m(y)h |
| | 17020 | Fq(RLUGET)f Fw(and)f Fq(RLUSET)p Fw(.)0 415 y Fq(RRLU\(1\))53 |
| | 17021 | b(-)f(RRLU\(97\))h(:)48 b Fw(the)43 b Fq(U)g Fw(arra)m(y)g(of)g(the)g |
| | 17022 | (CERN)g(library)f(implemen)m(tation;)j(part)e(of)f(the)472 |
| | 17023 | 523 y(state)33 b(of)g(the)g(generator.)0 632 y Fq(RRLU\(98\))53 |
| | 17024 | b(-)f(RRLU\(100\))i(:)47 b(C)p Fw(,)39 b Fq(CD)g Fw(and)g |
| | 17025 | Fq(CM)g Fw(of)f(the)h(CERN)g(library)e(implemen)m(tation;)i(the)g |
| | 17026 | (\014rst)472 740 y(part)f(of)f(the)h(state)g(of)f(the)h(generator,)i |
| | 17027 | (the)e(latter)e(t)m(w)m(o)j(constan)m(ts)g(calculated)d(at)i(ini-)472 |
| | 17028 | 848 y(tialization.)1841 5953 y(51)p eop |
| | 17029 | %%Page: 52 58 |
| | 17030 | 52 57 bop 0 -18 a Ft(5)161 b(The)53 b(Ev)l(en)l(t)f(Record)0 |
| | 17031 | 189 y Fw(The)39 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record)e(is)g(the)g(cen)m(tral)g(rep)s |
| | 17032 | (ository)g(for)g(information)c(ab)s(out)k(the)g(particles)g(pro)s |
| | 17033 | (duced)0 297 y(in)33 b(the)h(curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m(t:)48 |
| | 17034 | b(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)35 b(momen)m(ta,)e(ev)m(en)m(t)j(history)-8 |
| | 17035 | b(,)34 b(and)g(pro)s(duction)f(v)m(ertices.)48 b(It)34 |
| | 17036 | b(pla)m(ys)0 405 y(a)e(v)m(ery)i(cen)m(tral)e(r^)-49 |
| | 17037 | b(ole:)42 b(without)32 b(a)g(prop)s(er)h(understanding)f(of)g(what)h |
| | 17038 | (the)f(record)h(is)f(and)g(ho)m(w)h(infor-)0 514 y(mation)j(is)h |
| | 17039 | (stored,)j(it)c(is)i(meaningless)e(to)i(try)g(to)f(use)i(either)e |
| | 17040 | Fm(Jetset)g Fw(or)g Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)59 b(The)39 b(record)0 |
| | 17041 | 622 y(is)34 b(stored)h(in)e(the)i(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)h |
| | 17042 | Fq(LUJETS)p Fw(.)h(Almost)e(all)f(the)j(routines)f(thatthe)h(user)g |
| | 17043 | (calls)e(can)h(b)s(e)0 730 y(view)m(ed)d(as)g(p)s(erforming)d(some)i |
| | 17044 | (action)f(on)h(the)h(record:)42 b(\014ll)29 b(a)h(new)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)i |
| | 17045 | (let)c(partons)h(fragmen)m(t)g(or)0 839 y(particles)i(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 17046 | b(,)34 b(b)s(o)s(ost)e(it,)f(list)h(it,)f(\014nd)i(clusters,)h(etc.)146 |
| | 17047 | 947 y(In)42 b(this)g(section)g(w)m(e)g(will)e(\014rst)i(describ)s(e)g |
| | 17048 | (the)g(KF)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(co)s(de,)h(subsequen)m(tly)h(the)d |
| | 17049 | Fq(LUJETS)0 1055 y Fw(common)35 b(blo)s(c)m(k,)h(and)h(then)f(giv)m(e)g |
| | 17050 | (a)g(few)g(commen)m(ts)g(ab)s(out)g(the)g(r^)-49 b(ole)35 |
| | 17051 | b(of)h(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record)f(in)e(the)0 1164 y(programs.)146 |
| | 17052 | 1272 y(T)-8 b(o)28 b(ease)g(the)f(in)m(terfacing)f(of)h(di\013eren)m(t) |
| | 17053 | h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generators,)f(a)f Fq(HEPEVT)i Fw(standard)f(common)e |
| | 17054 | (blo)s(c)m(k)0 1380 y(structure)42 b(for)e(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record)f |
| | 17055 | (has)g(b)s(een)g(agreed)g(on.)68 b(F)-8 b(or)39 b(historical)g(reasons) |
| | 17056 | i(the)g(standard)0 1489 y(common)28 b(blo)s(c)m(ks)i(are)g(not)f |
| | 17057 | (directly)g(used)i(in)e Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)g(but)h(a)f(con)m(v)m(ersion)i |
| | 17058 | (routine)e(comes)h(with)f(the)0 1597 y(program,)i(and)i(is)f(describ)s |
| | 17059 | (ed)h(at)g(the)g(end)g(of)f(this)g(section.)0 1871 y |
| | 17060 | Fp(5.1)135 b(P)l(article)47 b(Co)t(des)0 2044 y Fw(The)30 |
| | 17061 | b(new)g(particle)d(co)s(de)i(no)m(w)h(adopted)f(b)m(y)h(the)f(P)m |
| | 17062 | (article)f(Data)g(Group)g([PDG88)o(,)h(PDG92)o(])g(is)f(used)0 |
| | 17063 | 2152 y(consisten)m(tly)41 b(throughout)f(the)h(program,)g(and)g(is)f |
| | 17064 | (referred)h(to)f(as)h(the)g(KF)f(particle)f(co)s(de.)67 |
| | 17065 | b(This)0 2260 y(co)s(de)33 b(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)e(b)s(e)h |
| | 17066 | (thoroughly)f(familiar)c(with.)43 b(It)33 b(is)f(describ)s(ed)i(b)s |
| | 17067 | (elo)m(w.)146 2369 y(Note)29 b(that)f(a)g(few)i(inconsistencies)e(b)s |
| | 17068 | (et)m(w)m(een)j(the)e(KF)f(and)h(the)f(PDG)g(co)s(des)i(are)e(kno)m |
| | 17069 | (wn,)j(whic)m(h)0 2477 y(stem)k(from)f(di\013erences)j(of)e(in)m |
| | 17070 | (terpretation)f(of)h(the)g(rules)h(agreed)f(on)g(when)i(dev)m(eloping)e |
| | 17071 | (the)h(stan-)0 2585 y(dard.)51 b(These)37 b(rules)f(form)d(the)j(basis) |
| | 17072 | f(of)g(the)h(PDG)e(tables)h(and)g(\(indep)s(enden)m(tly\))h(of)f(the)h |
| | 17073 | Fm(Jetset)0 2694 y Fw(tables.)65 b(\(Of)39 b(course,)k(m)m(y)d(priv)-5 |
| | 17074 | b(ate)39 b(opinion)f(is)i(that)f(I)h(follo)m(w)e(the)j(original)36 |
| | 17075 | b(agreemen)m(t,)42 b(and)e(the)0 2802 y(PDG)31 b(deviate)g(from)f |
| | 17076 | (it.\))42 b(Hop)s(efully)-8 b(,)30 b(this)h(should)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(few)f |
| | 17077 | (practical)d(consequences,)35 b(since)d(only)0 2910 y(rarely-pro)s |
| | 17078 | (duced)h(particles)e(are)i(a\013ected.)44 b(An)m(yw)m(a)m(y)-8 |
| | 17079 | b(,)35 b(here)e(is)g(a)f(list)f(of)h(the)h(kno)m(wn)h(discrepancies:) |
| | 17080 | 119 3023 y(1.)49 b(The)37 b(PDG)e(has)h(not)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(for)g |
| | 17081 | (the)h(existence)h(of)f(an)f Fj(\021)2447 3038 y Fl(b)2491 |
| | 17082 | 3023 y Fw(,)i(whic)m(h)f(in)f Fm(Jetset)g Fw(is)g(included)244 |
| | 17083 | 3132 y(with)24 b(co)s(de)i(551.)40 b(This)25 b(co)s(de)g(is)g(reserv)m |
| | 17084 | (ed)i(for)e Fj(\037)1988 3147 y Fl(0b)2091 3132 y Fw(b)m(y)h(the)g |
| | 17085 | (PDG,)e(a)h(particle)e(whic)m(h)j(app)s(ears)f(as)244 |
| | 17086 | 3240 y(10551)g(in)i Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)40 b(\(W)-8 b(e)27 |
| | 17087 | b(agree)g(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h Fj(\021)1852 3255 y Fl(c)1914 |
| | 17088 | 3240 y Fw(as)f(441,)g(whic)m(h)h(illustrates)d(the)i(basic)g |
| | 17089 | (di\013erence:)244 3348 y(I)46 b(use)i(the)f(additional)c(recurrence)48 |
| | 17090 | b(\014gure)f(to)f(refer)h(to)f(a)g(whole)g(m)m(ultiplet,)i(whether)g |
| | 17091 | (all)244 3457 y(particles)39 b(of)h(that)g(m)m(ultiplet)e(ha)m(v)m(e)k |
| | 17092 | (b)s(een)f(found)f(or)g(not;)k(the)d(PDG,)f(on)g(the)h(other)f(hand,) |
| | 17093 | 244 3565 y(do)s(es)29 b(not)f(reserv)m(e)j(space)f(for)e(particles)f |
| | 17094 | (whic)m(h)j(w)m(e)f(kno)m(w)h(should)e(b)s(e)h(there)g(but)g(ha)m(v)m |
| | 17095 | (e)h(not)e(y)m(et)244 3673 y(b)s(een)33 b(disco)m(v)m(ered,)i(whic)m(h) |
| | 17096 | e(means)f(that)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)g(a)g(m)m(ultiplet)f(need)i(not)g |
| | 17097 | (go)f(together.\))119 3791 y(2.)49 b(The)26 b(PDG)e(has)h(not)g(allo)m |
| | 17098 | (w)m(ed)g(for)f(the)h(existence)i(of)d(an)h(h)2345 3806 |
| | 17099 | y Fl(1c)2416 3791 y Fw(,)i(whic)m(h)e(in)g Fm(Jetset)e |
| | 17100 | Fw(is)i(represen)m(ted)244 3900 y(b)m(y)37 b(10443.)53 |
| | 17101 | b(Therefore)37 b Fj(\037)1214 3915 y Fl(1c)1321 3900 |
| | 17102 | y Fw(is)e(the)i(PDG)e(co)s(de)i(10443)e(but)h Fm(Jetset)f |
| | 17103 | Fw(co)s(de)i(20443.)52 b(F)-8 b(urther)244 4008 y Fj( )311 |
| | 17104 | 3972 y Fk(0)370 4008 y Fw(is)35 b(either)h(20443)f(or)g(30443,)h(and)g |
| | 17105 | (\007)1730 3972 y Fk(0)1786 4008 y Fw(=)e(\007\(2)p Fj(S)6 |
| | 17106 | b Fw(\))35 b(either)g(20553)g(or)h(30553.)52 b(\(Commen)m(t)35 |
| | 17107 | b(as)244 4116 y(for)d(p)s(oin)m(t)g(1.\))119 4234 y(3.)49 |
| | 17108 | b(Di\013eren)m(t)32 b(con)m(v)m(en)m(tions)j(for)d(spin)h(1)p |
| | 17109 | Fj(=)p Fw(2)g(bary)m(ons)h(with)e(one)i(hea)m(vy)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g |
| | 17110 | (\(c)m(harm,)f(b)s(ottom,)244 4342 y(top\),)e(one)g(strange)g(\015a)m |
| | 17111 | (v)m(our,)h(and)f(one)g(ligh)m(t)e(\(u)h(or)h(d\).)43 |
| | 17112 | b(Here)31 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(states)f(exist,)h(e.g.)43 b(\004)3533 |
| | 17113 | 4306 y Fl(+)3533 4367 y(c)3622 4342 y Fw(and)244 4451 |
| | 17114 | y(\004)309 4415 y Fk(0)p Fl(+)309 4475 y(c)387 4451 y |
| | 17115 | Fw(,)c(b)s(oth)e(with)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(con)m(ten)m(t)f(csu.)60 |
| | 17116 | b(By)38 b(analogy)e(with)h(the)h(\003)2807 4415 y Fl(0)2846 |
| | 17117 | 4451 y Fw({\006)g(pair,)g Fm(Jetset)e Fw(uses)244 4559 |
| | 17118 | y(the)i(decreasing)g(order)g(of)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(con)m(ten)m(t)i |
| | 17119 | (for)d(the)h(hea)m(vier)g(state)h(and)f(in)m(v)m(ersed)h(order)f(of)244 |
| | 17120 | 4667 y(the)31 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(ligh)m(ter)e(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i(for)f(the)h |
| | 17121 | (ligh)m(ter)d(state,)j(while)e(the)i(PDG)e(tables)h(use)h(the)g(opp)s |
| | 17122 | (osite)244 4776 y(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion.)44 b(Th)m(us)33 |
| | 17123 | b(in)d Fm(Jetset)g Fw(\004)1554 4740 y Fl(+)1554 4800 |
| | 17124 | y(c)1645 4776 y Fw(is)g(4232)g(and)i(\004)2221 4740 y |
| | 17125 | Fk(0)p Fl(+)2221 4800 y(c)2330 4776 y Fw(4322,)f(while)f(in)g(PDG)h(it) |
| | 17126 | f(is)h(the)g(other)244 4884 y(w)m(a)m(y)j(around.)0 4997 |
| | 17127 | y(There)i(are)f(no)f(plans)h(to)f(c)m(hange)i(the)f Fm(Jetset)f |
| | 17128 | Fw(rules)h(to)f(agree)h(with)f(the)i(PDG)e(ones)h(in)f(either)h(of)0 |
| | 17129 | 5106 y(the)e(cases)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)146 5214 y(The)42 |
| | 17130 | b(KF)e(co)s(de)i(is)e(not)h(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)h(for)f(a)f(direct)h |
| | 17131 | (storing)f(of)g(masses,)k(deca)m(y)e(data,)h(or)d(other)0 |
| | 17132 | 5322 y(particle)30 b(prop)s(erties,)i(since)g(the)g(KF)f(co)s(des)h |
| | 17133 | (are)f(so)h(spread)h(out.)43 b(Instead)32 b(a)f(compressed)i(co)s(de)f |
| | 17134 | (K)m(C)0 5431 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(1)d(and)h(500)f(is)g(used)i(here,)g |
| | 17135 | (where)g(the)f(most)f(frequen)m(tly)i(used)f(particles)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 17136 | (a)f(separate)0 5539 y(co)s(de,)e(but)e(man)m(y)g(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m |
| | 17137 | (our)i(hadrons)e(are)g(lump)s(ed)f(together)i(in)e(groups.)42 |
| | 17138 | b(Normally)24 b(this)j(co)s(de)0 5647 y(is)j(only)f(used)j(at)d(v)m |
| | 17139 | (ery)j(sp)s(eci\014c)f(places)f(in)f(the)i(program,)e(not)h(visible)f |
| | 17140 | (to)h(the)g(user.)44 b(If)30 b(need)h(b)s(e,)g(the)1841 |
| | 17141 | 5953 y(52)p eop |
| | 17142 | %%Page: 53 59 |
| | 17143 | 53 58 bop 1151 34 a Fw(T)-8 b(able)32 b(3:)44 b(Quark)32 |
| | 17144 | b(and)h(lepton)f(co)s(des.)p 877 160 2025 4 v 875 281 |
| | 17145 | 4 121 v 927 248 a(KF)p 1115 281 V 99 w(Name)p 1461 281 |
| | 17146 | V 99 w(Prin)m(ted)p 1879 281 V 1896 281 V 117 w(KF)p |
| | 17147 | 2135 281 V 99 w(Name)p 2481 281 V 99 w(Prin)m(ted)p 2899 |
| | 17148 | 281 V 877 284 2025 4 v 875 404 4 121 v 973 372 a(1)p |
| | 17149 | 1115 404 V 240 w(d)p 1461 404 V 330 w Fq(d)p 1879 404 |
| | 17150 | V 1896 404 V 271 w Fw(11)p 2135 404 V 192 w(e)2301 336 |
| | 17151 | y Fk(\000)p 2481 404 V 2640 372 a Fq(e-)p 2899 404 V |
| | 17152 | 875 525 V 973 492 a Fw(2)p 1115 525 V 240 w(u)p 1461 |
| | 17153 | 525 V 330 w Fq(u)p 1879 525 V 1896 525 V 271 w Fw(12)p |
| | 17154 | 2135 525 V 202 w Fj(\027)2316 507 y Fl(e)p 2481 525 V |
| | 17155 | 2596 492 a Fq(nu)p 2704 492 31 4 v 38 w(e)p 2899 525 |
| | 17156 | 4 121 v 875 645 V 973 613 a Fw(3)p 1115 645 V 248 w(s)p |
| | 17157 | 1461 645 V 338 w Fq(s)p 1879 645 V 1896 645 V 271 w Fw(13)p |
| | 17158 | 2135 645 V 185 w Fj(\026)2310 576 y Fk(\000)p 2481 645 |
| | 17159 | V 2615 613 a Fq(mu-)p 2899 645 V 875 765 V 973 733 a |
| | 17160 | Fw(4)p 1115 765 V 246 w(c)p 1461 765 V 335 w Fq(c)p 1879 |
| | 17161 | 765 V 1896 765 V 271 w Fw(14)p 2135 765 V 196 w Fj(\027)2310 |
| | 17162 | 748 y Fh(\026)p 2481 765 V 2571 733 a Fq(nu)p 2679 733 |
| | 17163 | 31 4 v 37 w(mu)p 2899 765 4 121 v 875 886 V 973 853 a |
| | 17164 | Fw(5)p 1115 886 V 240 w(b)p 1461 886 V 330 w Fq(b)p 1879 |
| | 17165 | 886 V 1896 886 V 271 w Fw(15)p 2135 886 V 187 w Fj(\034)2306 |
| | 17166 | 817 y Fk(\000)p 2481 886 V 2589 853 a Fq(tau-)p 2899 |
| | 17167 | 886 V 875 1006 V 973 974 a Fw(6)p 1115 1006 V 249 w(t)p |
| | 17168 | 1461 1006 V 337 w Fq(t)p 1879 1006 V 1896 1006 V 271 |
| | 17169 | w Fw(16)p 2135 1006 V 198 w Fj(\027)2312 989 y Fh(\034)p |
| | 17170 | 2481 1006 V 2545 974 a Fq(nu)p 2653 974 31 4 v 37 w(tau)p |
| | 17171 | 2899 1006 4 121 v 875 1127 V 973 1094 a Fw(7)p 1115 1127 |
| | 17172 | V 254 w(l)p 1461 1127 V 342 w Fq(l)p 1879 1127 V 1896 |
| | 17173 | 1127 V 271 w Fw(17)p 2135 1127 V 183 w Fj(\037)2310 1058 |
| | 17174 | y Fk(\000)p 2481 1127 V 2589 1094 a Fq(chi-)p 2899 1127 |
| | 17175 | V 875 1247 V 973 1214 a Fw(8)p 1115 1247 V 240 w(h)p |
| | 17176 | 1461 1247 V 330 w Fq(h)p 1879 1247 V 1896 1247 V 271 |
| | 17177 | w Fw(18)p 2135 1247 V 195 w Fj(\027)2309 1229 y Fh(\037)p |
| | 17178 | 2481 1247 V 2545 1214 a Fq(nu)p 2653 1214 31 4 v 37 w(chi)p |
| | 17179 | 2899 1247 4 121 v 875 1367 V 973 1335 a Fw(9)p 1115 1367 |
| | 17180 | V 1461 1367 V 1879 1367 V 1896 1367 V 946 w(19)p 2135 |
| | 17181 | 1367 V 2481 1367 V 2899 1367 V 875 1488 V 948 1455 a(10)p |
| | 17182 | 1115 1488 V 1461 1488 V 1879 1488 V 1896 1488 V 922 w(20)p |
| | 17183 | 2135 1488 V 2481 1488 V 2899 1488 V 877 1491 2025 4 v |
| | 17184 | 0 1761 a(corresp)s(ondence)g(can)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(b)s(e)f(obtained)g(b) |
| | 17185 | m(y)i(using)e(the)h(function)f Fq(LUCOMP)p Fw(,)i Fq(KC)52 |
| | 17186 | b(=)g(LUCOMP\(KF\))r Fw(.)0 1870 y(It)38 b(is)f(therefore)h(not)f(in)m |
| | 17187 | (tended)h(that)f(y)m(ou)h(should)g(ev)m(er)h(need)f(to)f(kno)m(w)i(an)m |
| | 17188 | (y)f(K)m(C)g(co)s(des)g(at)f(all.)56 b(It)0 1978 y(ma)m(y)32 |
| | 17189 | b(b)s(e)h(useful)g(to)f(kno)m(w,)i(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)h(that)d(for)g(co) |
| | 17190 | s(des)i(smaller)c(than)j(80,)f(KF)g(and)h(K)m(C)g(agree.)146 |
| | 17191 | 2086 y(The)25 b(particle)e(names)h(prin)m(ted)g(in)f(the)i(tables)e(in) |
| | 17192 | h(this)f(section)h(corresp)s(ond)h(to)f(the)g(ones)h(obtained)0 |
| | 17193 | 2195 y(with)45 b(the)h(routine)e Fq(LUNAME)p Fw(,)j(whic)m(h)f(is)f |
| | 17194 | (used)h(extensiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)50 b(e.g.)82 b(in)44 b |
| | 17195 | Fq(LULIST)p Fw(.)j(Greek)f(c)m(haracters)0 2303 y(are)41 |
| | 17196 | b(sp)s(elt)g(out)f(in)g(full,)i(with)e(a)h(capital)e(\014rst)i(letter)g |
| | 17197 | (to)f(corresp)s(ond)i(to)f(a)f(capital)f(Greek)j(letter.)0 |
| | 17198 | 2411 y(Generically)31 b(the)i(name)f(of)g(a)g(particle)g(is)g(made)g |
| | 17199 | (up)h(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)d(pieces:)119 2525 y(1.)49 |
| | 17200 | b(The)38 b(basic)f(ro)s(ot)f(name.)57 b(This)37 b(includes)g(a)g(*)g |
| | 17201 | (for)f(most)h(spin)g(1)g(\()p Fj(L)f Fw(=)f(0\))i(mesons)g(and)h(spin) |
| | 17202 | 244 2633 y(3)p Fj(=)p Fw(2)f(bary)m(ons,)j(and)e(a)1106 |
| | 17203 | 2597 y Fk(0)1167 2633 y Fw(for)g(some)f(spin)h(1)p Fj(=)p |
| | 17204 | Fw(2)f(bary)m(ons)i(\(where)g(there)f(are)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(states)h(to)e |
| | 17205 | (b)s(e)244 2741 y(distinguished,)27 b(cf.)42 b(\003{\006)1187 |
| | 17206 | 2705 y Fl(0)1226 2741 y Fw(\).)g(The)27 b(rules)g(for)f(hea)m(vy)j |
| | 17207 | (bary)m(on)e(naming)e(are)i(in)f(accordance)i(with)244 |
| | 17208 | 2850 y(the)38 b(1986)e(P)m(article)h(Data)f(Group)h(con)m(v)m(en)m |
| | 17209 | (tions)i([PDG86)o(].)59 b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(mesons)i(with)f(one)h(unit)f |
| | 17210 | (of)244 2958 y(orbital)28 b(angular)g(momen)m(tum,)h(K)h(\(D,)f(B,)h(.) |
| | 17211 | 16 b(.)g(.)g(\))44 b(is)29 b(used)i(for)f(quark-spin)g(0)f(and)h(K*)g |
| | 17212 | (\(D*,)g(B*,)244 3066 y(.)16 b(.)g(.)g(\))45 b(for)33 |
| | 17213 | b(quark-spin)g(1)g(mesons;)g(the)h(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion)g(for)e(`*')h |
| | 17214 | (ma)m(y)g(here)g(deviate)g(sligh)m(tly)f(from)244 3175 |
| | 17215 | y(the)h(one)g(used)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(PDG.)119 3292 y(2.)49 |
| | 17216 | b(An)m(y)38 b(lo)m(w)m(er)g(indices,)g(separated)g(from)e(the)i(ro)s |
| | 17217 | (ot)e(b)m(y)i(a)p 2367 3292 30 4 v 72 w(.)58 b(F)-8 b(or)36 |
| | 17218 | b(hea)m(vy)j(hadrons,)g(this)e(is)g(the)244 3401 y(additional)30 |
| | 17219 | b(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)k(con)m(ten)m(t)g(not)f(inheren)m(t)g(in)f |
| | 17220 | (the)h(ro)s(ot)f(itself.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(a)g(diquark,)h(it)f(is)244 |
| | 17221 | 3509 y(the)h(spin.)119 3627 y(3.)49 b(The)32 b(c)m(haracter)f |
| | 17222 | Fn(\030)g Fw(\(alternativ)m(ely)f(bar,)h(see)g Fq(MSTU\(15\))p |
| | 17223 | Fw(\))i(for)d(an)h(an)m(tiparticle,)e(wherev)m(er)k(the)244 |
| | 17224 | 3735 y(distinction)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(particle)d(and)h(an)m |
| | 17225 | (tiparticle)e(is)h(not)h(inheren)m(t)g(in)f(the)i(c)m(harge)f(informa-) |
| | 17226 | 244 3844 y(tion.)119 3961 y(4.)49 b(Charge)22 b(information:)35 |
| | 17227 | b(++,)24 b(+,)g(0,)g Fn(\000)p Fw(,)g(or)e Fn(\000\000)p |
| | 17228 | Fw(.)40 b(Charge)23 b(is)e(not)h(giv)m(en)g(for)f(quarks)i(or)f |
| | 17229 | (diquarks.)244 4070 y(Some)40 b(neutral)f(particles)g(whic)m(h)i(are)f |
| | 17230 | (customarily)f(giv)m(en)h(without)g(a)f(0)h(also)f(here)i(lac)m(k)f |
| | 17231 | (it,)244 4178 y(suc)m(h)h(as)f(neutrinos,)h(g)q(,)g Fj(\015)5 |
| | 17232 | b Fw(,)42 b(and)d(\015a)m(v)m(our-diagonal)f(mesons)i(other)f(than)h |
| | 17233 | Fj(\031)3120 4142 y Fl(0)3199 4178 y Fw(and)f Fj(\032)3445 |
| | 17234 | 4142 y Fl(0)3485 4178 y Fw(.)64 b(Note)244 4286 y(that)35 |
| | 17235 | b(c)m(harge)g(is)g(included)f(b)s(oth)h(for)g(the)g(proton)g(and)g(the) |
| | 17236 | g(neutron.)51 b(While)34 b(non-standard,)244 4395 y(it)d(is)i(helpful)e |
| | 17237 | (in)h(a)m(v)m(oiding)f(misunderstandings)i(when)g(lo)s(oking)e(at)h(an) |
| | 17238 | h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(listing.)146 4508 y(Belo)m(w)i(follo)m(ws)f(a)g(list)f |
| | 17239 | (of)i(KF)f(particle)f(co)s(des.)54 b(The)37 b(list)d(is)i(not)f |
| | 17240 | (complete;)i(a)e(more)g(extensiv)m(e)0 4616 y(one)42 |
| | 17241 | b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(obtained)e(with)i Fq(CALL)52 b(LULIST\(11\))p |
| | 17242 | Fw(.)73 b(P)m(articles)41 b(are)g(group)s(ed)h(together,)i(and)d(the)0 |
| | 17243 | 4724 y(basic)i(rules)f(are)h(describ)s(ed)h(for)e(eac)m(h)i(group.)74 |
| | 17244 | b(Whenev)m(er)45 b(a)d(distinct)g(an)m(tiparticle)f(exists,)46 |
| | 17245 | b(it)c(is)0 4833 y(giv)m(en)33 b(the)g(same)f(KF)g(co)s(de)h(with)f(a)h |
| | 17246 | (min)m(us)f(sign)g(\(whereas)i(K)m(C)f(co)s(des)g(are)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)g |
| | 17247 | (p)s(ositiv)m(e\).)119 4951 y(1.)49 b(Quarks)33 b(and)g(leptons,)f(T)-8 |
| | 17248 | b(able)33 b(3.)244 5059 y(This)48 b(group)g(con)m(tains)h(the)f(basic)g |
| | 17249 | (building)e(blo)s(c)m(ks)j(of)f(matter,)j(arranged)d(according)g(to)244 |
| | 17250 | 5167 y(family)-8 b(,)43 b(with)g(the)h(lo)m(w)m(er)f(mem)m(b)s(er)g(of) |
| | 17251 | f(w)m(eak)j(iso)s(doublets)d(also)g(ha)m(ving)h(the)h(smaller)d(co)s |
| | 17252 | (de)244 5276 y(\(th)m(us)29 b(d)g(precedes)i(u,)e(con)m(trary)g(to)f |
| | 17253 | (the)h(ordering)f(in)g(previous)h Fm(Jetset)e Fw(v)m(ersions\).)43 |
| | 17254 | b(A)29 b(fourth)244 5384 y(generation)38 b(is)h(included)g(for)f |
| | 17255 | (future)i(reference.)65 b(The)40 b(quark)g(co)s(des)g(are)f(used)h(as)g |
| | 17256 | (building)244 5492 y(blo)s(c)m(ks)33 b(for)f(the)h(diquark,)g(meson)f |
| | 17257 | (and)h(bary)m(on)g(co)s(des)g(b)s(elo)m(w.)119 5610 y(2.)49 |
| | 17258 | b(Gauge)32 b(b)s(osons)h(and)g(other)g(fundamen)m(tal)e(b)s(osons,)i(T) |
| | 17259 | -8 b(able)33 b(4.)1841 5953 y(53)p eop |
| | 17260 | %%Page: 54 60 |
| | 17261 | 54 59 bop 610 34 a Fw(T)-8 b(able)32 b(4:)43 b(Gauge)32 |
| | 17262 | b(b)s(oson)h(and)g(other)f(fundamen)m(tal)g(b)s(oson)h(co)s(des.)p |
| | 17263 | 793 160 2195 4 v 791 281 4 121 v 843 248 a(KF)p 1030 |
| | 17264 | 281 V 99 w(Name)p 1376 281 V 119 w(Prin)m(ted)p 1835 |
| | 17265 | 281 V 1852 281 V 137 w(KF)p 2091 281 V 99 w(Name)p 2437 |
| | 17266 | 281 V 164 w(Prin)m(ted)p 2983 281 V 793 284 2195 4 v |
| | 17267 | 791 404 4 121 v 864 372 a(21)p 1030 404 V 218 w(g)p 1376 |
| | 17268 | 404 V 353 w Fq(g)p 1835 404 V 1852 404 V 291 w Fw(31)p |
| | 17269 | 2091 404 V 2437 404 V 2983 404 V 791 525 V 864 492 a(22)p |
| | 17270 | 1030 525 V 215 w Fj(\015)p 1376 525 V 251 w Fq(gamma)p |
| | 17271 | 1835 525 V 1852 525 V 190 w Fw(32)p 2091 525 V 184 w(Z)2266 |
| | 17272 | 456 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)p 2437 525 V 2635 492 a Fq(Z'0)p 2983 |
| | 17273 | 525 V 791 645 V 864 613 a Fw(23)p 1030 645 V 193 w(Z)1215 |
| | 17274 | 576 y Fl(0)p 1376 645 V 1556 613 a Fq(Z0)p 1835 645 V |
| | 17275 | 1852 645 V 266 w Fw(33)p 2091 645 V 175 w(Z)2257 576 |
| | 17276 | y Fk(00)p Fl(0)p 2437 645 V 2635 613 a Fq(Z"0)p 2983 |
| | 17277 | 645 V 791 765 V 864 733 a Fw(24)p 1030 765 V 163 w(W)1226 |
| | 17278 | 697 y Fl(+)p 1376 765 V 1556 733 a Fq(W+)p 1835 765 V |
| | 17279 | 1852 765 V 266 w Fw(34)p 2091 765 V 153 w(W)2276 697 |
| | 17280 | y Fk(0)p Fl(+)p 2437 765 V 2635 733 a Fq(W'+)p 2983 765 |
| | 17281 | V 791 886 V 864 853 a Fw(25)p 1030 886 V 187 w(H)1222 |
| | 17282 | 817 y Fl(0)p 1376 886 V 1556 853 a Fq(H0)p 1835 886 V |
| | 17283 | 1852 886 V 266 w Fw(35)p 2091 886 V 178 w(H)2273 817 |
| | 17284 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)p 2437 886 V 2635 853 a Fq(H'0)p 2983 886 |
| | 17285 | V 791 1006 V 864 974 a Fw(26)p 1030 1006 V 1376 1006 |
| | 17286 | V 1835 1006 V 1852 1006 V 962 w(36)p 2091 1006 V 187 |
| | 17287 | w(A)2282 938 y Fl(0)p 2437 1006 V 2661 974 a Fq(A0)p |
| | 17288 | 2983 1006 V 791 1127 V 864 1094 a Fw(27)p 1030 1127 V |
| | 17289 | 1376 1127 V 1835 1127 V 1852 1127 V 962 w(37)p 2091 1127 |
| | 17290 | V 177 w(H)2272 1058 y Fl(+)p 2437 1127 V 2661 1094 a |
| | 17291 | Fq(H+)p 2983 1127 V 791 1247 V 864 1214 a Fw(28)p 1030 |
| | 17292 | 1247 V 198 w(I)-17 b(R)p 1376 1247 V 178 w Fq(reggeon)p |
| | 17293 | 1835 1247 V 1852 1247 V 139 w Fw(38)p 2091 1247 V 124 |
| | 17294 | w Fj(\021)2194 1229 y Fl(tec)n(hni)p 2437 1247 V 2488 |
| | 17295 | 1214 a Fq(eta)p 2647 1214 31 4 v 38 w(tech0)p 2983 1247 |
| | 17296 | 4 121 v 791 1367 V 864 1335 a Fw(29)p 1030 1367 V 200 |
| | 17297 | w(I)g(P)p 1376 1367 V 182 w Fq(pomeron)p 1835 1367 V |
| | 17298 | 1852 1367 V 139 w Fw(39)p 2091 1367 V 183 w(L)2266 1350 |
| | 17299 | y Fl(Q)p 2437 1367 V 2661 1335 a Fq(LQ)p 2983 1367 V |
| | 17300 | 791 1488 V 864 1455 a Fw(30)p 1030 1488 V 1376 1488 V |
| | 17301 | 1835 1488 V 1852 1488 V 962 w(40)p 2091 1488 V 188 w(R)2282 |
| | 17302 | 1419 y Fl(0)p 2437 1488 V 2661 1455 a Fq(R0)p 2983 1488 |
| | 17303 | V 793 1491 2195 4 v 244 1747 a Fw(This)34 b(group)f(includes)h(all)e |
| | 17304 | (the)i(gauge)g(and)g(Higgs)f(b)s(osons)h(of)f(the)h(standard)h(mo)s |
| | 17305 | (del,)d(as)i(w)m(ell)244 1855 y(as)44 b(some)h(of)e(the)i(b)s(osons)g |
| | 17306 | (app)s(earing)e(in)h(v)-5 b(arious)43 b(extensions)j(of)e(it.)78 |
| | 17307 | b(The)45 b(latter)e(are)i(not)244 1963 y(co)m(v)m(ered)e(b)m(y)f(the)g |
| | 17308 | (standard)f(PDG)g(co)s(des.)70 b(They)42 b(corresp)s(ond)g(to)f(one)h |
| | 17309 | (extra)f Fo(U\(1\))g Fw(group)244 2072 y(and)35 b(one)h(extra)g |
| | 17310 | Fo(SU\(2\))e Fw(one,)j(a)e(further)g(Higgs)g(doublet,)h(a)f(\(scalar,)g |
| | 17311 | (colour)f(o)s(ctet\))i(tec)m(hni-)244 2180 y Fj(\021)t |
| | 17312 | Fw(,)48 b(a)d(\(scalar\))g(lepto)s(quark)g(L)1395 2195 |
| | 17313 | y Fl(Q)1454 2180 y Fw(,)j(and)e(a)f(horizon)m(tal)e(gauge)i(b)s(oson)h |
| | 17314 | (R)f(\(coupling)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)244 2288 y(families\).)k |
| | 17315 | (Additionally)-8 b(,)33 b(w)m(e)j(here)g(include)e(the)i(p)s(omeron)e |
| | 17316 | (I)-17 b(P)36 b(and)f(reggeon)g(I)-17 b(R)35 b(`particles',)244 |
| | 17317 | 2397 y(whic)m(h)41 b(are)f(imp)s(ortan)m(t)e(e.g.)67 |
| | 17318 | b(in)39 b(the)i(description)f(of)g(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(scattering,)j |
| | 17319 | (but)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(no)244 2505 y(ob)m(vious)33 b(p)s(osition)d(an)m |
| | 17320 | (ywhere)35 b(in)d(the)h(classi\014cation)e(sc)m(heme.)119 |
| | 17321 | 2623 y(3.)49 b(F)-8 b(ree)33 b(space.)244 2731 y(The)42 |
| | 17322 | b(p)s(ositions)d(41{80)h(are)h(curren)m(tly)h(un)m(used.)70 |
| | 17323 | b(In)42 b(the)f(future,)j(they)d(migh)m(t)f(come)h(to)f(b)s(e)244 |
| | 17324 | 2839 y(used,)46 b(e.g.)75 b(for)42 b(sup)s(ersymmetric)h(partners)g(of) |
| | 17325 | g(the)g(particles)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)k(or)c(for)h(some)f(other)244 |
| | 17326 | 2948 y(kind)32 b(of)g(new)i(ph)m(ysics.)45 b(A)m(t)33 |
| | 17327 | b(the)g(momen)m(t,)f(they)h(are)g(at)f(y)m(our)h(disp)s(osal.)119 |
| | 17328 | 3066 y(4.)49 b(V)-8 b(arious)32 b(sp)s(ecial)f(co)s(des,)j(T)-8 |
| | 17329 | b(able)32 b(5.)244 3174 y(In)38 b(a)g(Mon)m(te)h(Carlo,)g(it)e(is)h |
| | 17330 | (alw)m(a)m(ys)h(necessary)h(to)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(co)s(des)f(that)f(do)g |
| | 17331 | (not)g(corresp)s(ond)h(to)244 3282 y(an)m(y)f(sp)s(eci\014c)g |
| | 17332 | (particle,)f(but)g(are)h(used)g(to)f(lump)f(together)h(groups)h(of)f |
| | 17333 | (similar)d(particles)i(for)244 3391 y(deca)m(y)41 b(treatmen)m(t,)h(or) |
| | 17334 | e(to)f(sp)s(ecify)i(generic)f(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(ducts.)67 |
| | 17335 | b(These)42 b(co)s(des,)g(whic)m(h)f(again)244 3499 y(are)31 |
| | 17336 | b(non-standard,)g(are)g(found)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)f |
| | 17337 | (81)e(and)h(100.)42 b(Sev)m(eral)32 b(are)f(not)f(found)h(in)244 |
| | 17338 | 3607 y(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record,)f(and)g(therefore)g(prop)s(erly)g(b) |
| | 17339 | s(elong)e(only)h(to)g(the)h(K)m(C)h(group)e(of)g(co)s(des.)119 |
| | 17340 | 3725 y(5.)49 b(Diquark)32 b(co)s(des,)h(T)-8 b(able)33 |
| | 17341 | b(6.)244 3833 y(A)j(diquark)g(made)g(up)g(of)g(a)g(quark)g(with)g(co)s |
| | 17342 | (de)h Fj(i)f Fw(and)g(another)g(with)g(co)s(de)g Fj(j)6 |
| | 17343 | b Fw(,)37 b(where)g Fj(i)d Fn(\025)g Fj(j)6 b Fw(,)244 |
| | 17344 | 3942 y(and)33 b(with)f(total)f(spin)h Fj(s)p Fw(,)h(is)f(giv)m(en)h |
| | 17345 | (the)g(co)s(de)1384 4124 y(KF)27 b(=)h(1000)p Fj(i)21 |
| | 17346 | b Fw(+)h(100)p Fj(j)28 b Fw(+)22 b(2)p Fj(s)g Fw(+)g(1)32 |
| | 17347 | b Fj(;)967 b Fw(\(16\))244 4306 y(i.e.)51 b(the)36 b(tens)g(p)s |
| | 17348 | (osition)d(is)i(left)g(empt)m(y)g(\(cf.)52 b(the)36 b(bary)m(on)g(co)s |
| | 17349 | (de)f(b)s(elo)m(w\).)52 b(Some)35 b(of)f(the)i(most)244 |
| | 17350 | 4414 y(frequen)m(tly)47 b(used)g(co)s(des)g(are)f(listed)f(in)g(the)h |
| | 17351 | (table.)83 b(All)44 b(the)j(lo)m(w)m(est-lying)d(spin)i(0)g(and)g(1)244 |
| | 17352 | 4522 y(diquarks)33 b(are)g(included)f(in)g(the)h(program.)244 |
| | 17353 | 4636 y(The)g(corresp)s(onding)g(K)m(C)g(co)s(de)g(is)f(90,)g(and)h(it)e |
| | 17354 | (is)h(mainly)f(used)j(to)e(store)h(colour)f(c)m(harge.)119 |
| | 17355 | 4753 y(6.)49 b(Meson)34 b(co)s(des,)f(T)-8 b(ables)33 |
| | 17356 | b(7)f(and)h(8.)244 4862 y(A)38 b(meson)h(made)f(up)g(of)g(a)g(quark)i |
| | 17357 | (with)e(co)s(de)g Fj(i)h Fw(and)f(an)h(an)m(tiquark)f(with)g(co)s(de)h |
| | 17358 | Fn(\000)p Fj(j)6 b Fw(,)40 b Fj(j)k Fn(6)p Fw(=)37 b |
| | 17359 | Fj(i)p Fw(,)244 4970 y(and)c(with)f(total)f(spin)h Fj(s)p |
| | 17360 | Fw(,)h(is)f(giv)m(en)h(the)g(co)s(de)467 5162 y(KF)27 |
| | 17361 | b(=)g Fn(f)p Fw(100)17 b(max)o(\()p Fj(i;)g(j)6 b Fw(\))22 |
| | 17362 | b(+)g(10)17 b(min)m(\()p Fj(i;)g(j)6 b Fw(\))22 b(+)g(2)p |
| | 17363 | Fj(s)g Fw(+)g(1)p Fn(g)33 b Fw(sign\()p Fj(i)22 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 17364 | Fj(j)6 b Fw(\))17 b(\()p Fn(\000)p Fw(1\))3058 5121 y |
| | 17365 | Fl(max)o(\()p Fh(i;j)t Fl(\))3356 5162 y Fj(:)223 b Fw(\(17\))244 |
| | 17366 | 5344 y(Note)24 b(the)h(presence)h(of)e(an)g(extra)g Fn(\000)h |
| | 17367 | Fw(sign)e(if)g(the)i(hea)m(viest)g(quark)g(is)e(a)h(do)m(wn-t)m(yp)s(e) |
| | 17368 | i(one.)41 b(This)24 b(is)244 5453 y(in)29 b(accordance)i(with)e(the)i |
| | 17369 | (particle{an)m(tiparticle)26 b(distinction)i(adopted)j(in)e(the)h(1986) |
| | 17370 | f(Review)244 5561 y(of)j(P)m(article)g(Prop)s(erties)i([PDG86)o(].)44 |
| | 17371 | b(It)33 b(means)g(for)g(example)f(that)h(a)g(B)g(meson)g(con)m(tains)g |
| | 17372 | (a)p 3725 5482 55 4 v 32 w(b)244 5669 y(an)m(tiquark)g(rather)f(than)h |
| | 17373 | (a)f(b)h(quark.)1841 5953 y(54)p eop |
| | 17374 | %%Page: 55 61 |
| | 17375 | 55 60 bop 1210 34 a Fw(T)-8 b(able)32 b(5:)44 b(V)-8 |
| | 17376 | b(arious)31 b(sp)s(ecial)h(co)s(des.)p 360 160 3059 4 |
| | 17377 | v 358 281 4 121 v 414 248 a(KF)p 605 281 V 148 w(Prin)m(ted)p |
| | 17378 | 1114 281 V 1064 w(Meaning)p 3416 281 V 360 284 3059 4 |
| | 17379 | v 358 404 4 121 v 435 372 a(81)p 605 404 V 123 w Fq(specflav)p |
| | 17380 | 1114 404 V 171 w Fw(Sp)s(ectator)h(\015a)m(v)m(our;)g(used)h(in)e(deca) |
| | 17381 | m(y-pro)s(duct)h(listings)p 3416 404 V 358 525 V 435 |
| | 17382 | 492 a(82)p 605 525 V 123 w Fq(rndmflav)p 1114 525 V 102 |
| | 17383 | w Fw(A)f(random)g(u,)h(d,)g(or)f(s)h(\015a)m(v)m(our;)h(p)s(ossible)d |
| | 17384 | (deca)m(y)j(pro)s(duct)p 3416 525 V 358 645 V 435 613 |
| | 17385 | a(83)p 605 645 V 123 w Fq(phasespa)p 1114 645 V 460 w |
| | 17386 | Fw(Simple)c(isotropic)h(phase-space)k(deca)m(y)p 3416 |
| | 17387 | 645 V 358 765 V 435 733 a(84)p 605 765 V 123 w Fq(c-hadron)p |
| | 17388 | 1114 765 V 214 w Fw(Information)30 b(on)j(deca)m(y)h(of)e(generic)g(c)m |
| | 17389 | (harm)h(hadron)p 3416 765 V 358 886 V 435 853 a(85)p |
| | 17390 | 605 886 V 123 w Fq(b-hadron)p 1114 886 V 189 w Fw(Information)e(on)h |
| | 17391 | (deca)m(y)i(of)e(generic)h(b)s(ottom)e(hadron)p 3416 |
| | 17392 | 886 V 358 1006 V 435 974 a(86)p 605 1006 V 123 w Fq(t-hadron)p |
| | 17393 | 1114 1006 V 275 w Fw(Information)f(on)j(deca)m(y)h(of)e(generic)g(top)h |
| | 17394 | (hadron)p 3416 1006 V 358 1127 V 435 1094 a(87)p 605 |
| | 17395 | 1127 V 123 w Fq(l-hadron)p 1114 1127 V 273 w Fw(Information)e(on)h |
| | 17396 | (deca)m(y)i(of)e(generic)h(lo)m(w)f(hadron)p 3416 1127 |
| | 17397 | V 358 1247 V 435 1214 a(88)p 605 1247 V 123 w Fq(h-hadron)p |
| | 17398 | 1114 1247 V 253 w Fw(Information)f(on)h(deca)m(y)i(of)e(generic)h(high) |
| | 17399 | e(hadron)p 3416 1247 V 358 1367 V 435 1335 a(89)p 605 |
| | 17400 | 1367 V 200 w Fq(Wvirt)p 1114 1367 V 283 w Fw(O\013-mass-shell)g(W)j(in) |
| | 17401 | e(w)m(eak)i(deca)m(ys)g(of)e(t,)h(l,)e(h)i(or)f Fj(\037)p |
| | 17402 | 3416 1367 V 358 1488 V 435 1455 a Fw(90)p 605 1488 V |
| | 17403 | 149 w Fq(diquark)p 1114 1488 V 289 w Fw(Generic)g(co)s(de)h(for)f |
| | 17404 | (diquark)h(colour)e(information)p 3416 1488 V 358 1608 |
| | 17405 | V 435 1576 a(91)p 605 1608 V 149 w Fq(cluster)p 1114 |
| | 17406 | 1608 V 392 w Fw(P)m(arton)i(system)g(in)f(cluster)h(fragmen)m(tation)p |
| | 17407 | 3416 1608 V 358 1728 V 435 1696 a(92)p 605 1728 V 174 |
| | 17408 | w Fq(string)p 1114 1728 V 437 w Fw(P)m(arton)f(system)i(in)e(string)g |
| | 17409 | (fragmen)m(tation)p 3416 1728 V 358 1849 V 435 1816 a(93)p |
| | 17410 | 605 1849 V 174 w Fq(indep.)p 1114 1849 V 299 w Fw(P)m(arton)h(system)g |
| | 17411 | (in)f(indep)s(enden)m(t)i(fragmen)m(tation)p 3416 1849 |
| | 17412 | V 358 1969 V 435 1937 a(94)p 605 1969 V 123 w Fq(CMshower)p |
| | 17413 | 1114 1969 V 205 w Fw(F)-8 b(our-momen)m(tum)31 b(of)h(time-lik)m(e)e |
| | 17414 | (sho)m(w)m(ering)j(system)p 3416 1969 V 358 2090 V 435 |
| | 17415 | 2057 a(95)p 605 2090 V 123 w Fq(SPHEaxis)p 1114 2090 |
| | 17416 | V 562 w Fw(Ev)m(en)m(t)h(axis)e(found)h(with)f Fq(LUSPHE)p |
| | 17417 | 3416 2090 V 358 2210 V 435 2177 a Fw(96)p 605 2210 V |
| | 17418 | 123 w Fq(THRUaxis)p 1114 2210 V 562 w Fw(Ev)m(en)m(t)i(axis)e(found)h |
| | 17419 | (with)f Fq(LUTHRU)p 3416 2210 V 358 2330 V 435 2298 a |
| | 17420 | Fw(97)p 605 2330 V 149 w Fq(CLUSjet)p 1114 2330 V 549 |
| | 17421 | w Fw(Jet)h(\(cluster\))f(found)h(with)f Fq(LUCLUS)p 3416 |
| | 17422 | 2330 V 358 2451 V 435 2418 a Fw(98)p 605 2451 V 149 w |
| | 17423 | Fq(CELLjet)p 1114 2451 V 549 w Fw(Jet)h(\(cluster\))f(found)h(with)f |
| | 17424 | Fq(LUCELL)p 3416 2451 V 358 2571 V 435 2539 a Fw(99)p |
| | 17425 | 605 2571 V 200 w Fq(table)p 1114 2571 V 667 w Fw(T)-8 |
| | 17426 | b(abular)32 b(output)h(from)e Fq(LUTABU)p 3416 2571 V |
| | 17427 | 358 2692 V 410 2659 a Fw(100)p 605 2692 V 1114 2692 V |
| | 17428 | 3416 2692 V 360 2695 3059 4 v 244 2965 a(The)i(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 17429 | (our-diagonal)e(states)i(are)g(arranged)f(in)g(order)g(of)g(ascending)h |
| | 17430 | (mass.)44 b(The)33 b(standard)244 3074 y(rule)41 b(of)h(ha)m(ving)f |
| | 17431 | (the)h(last)g(digit)d(of)j(the)g(form)f(2)p Fj(s)28 b |
| | 17432 | Fw(+)g(1)42 b(is)f(brok)m(en)i(for)e(the)i(K)3204 3037 |
| | 17433 | y Fl(0)3204 3098 y(S)3247 3074 y Fw({K)3372 3037 y Fl(0)3372 |
| | 17434 | 3098 y(L)3461 3074 y Fw(system,)244 3182 y(where)32 b(it)e(is)h(0,)g |
| | 17435 | (and)g(this)g(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion)h(should)f(carry)g(o)m(v)m(er)i(to)d |
| | 17436 | (mixed)h(states)h(in)e(the)h(B)g(meson)244 3290 y(system.)44 |
| | 17437 | b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(higher)h(m)m(ultiplets)e(with)h(the)i(same)f(spin,)g |
| | 17438 | Fn(\006)p Fw(10000,)g Fn(\006)p Fw(20000,)g(etc.,)h(are)f(added)244 |
| | 17439 | 3399 y(to)d(pro)m(vide)h(the)f(extra)h(distinction)e(needed.)44 |
| | 17440 | b(Some)28 b(of)g(the)g(most)g(frequen)m(tly)i(used)f(co)s(des)g(are)244 |
| | 17441 | 3507 y(giv)m(en)k(b)s(elo)m(w.)244 3620 y(The)24 b(full)e(lo)m(w)m |
| | 17442 | (est-lying)g(pseudoscalar)i(and)g(v)m(ector)g(m)m(ultiplets)e(are)h |
| | 17443 | (included)g(in)g(the)h(program,)244 3728 y(T)-8 b(able)32 |
| | 17444 | b(7.)244 3841 y(Also)22 b(the)h(lo)m(w)m(est-lying)f(orbital)f(angular) |
| | 17445 | g(momen)m(tum)g Fj(L)28 b Fw(=)g(1)23 b(mesons)g(are)g(included,)h(T)-8 |
| | 17446 | b(able)23 b(8:)244 3950 y(one)32 b(pseudo)m(v)m(ector)j(m)m(ultiplet)30 |
| | 17447 | b(obtained)h(for)h(total)e(quark-spin)j(0)f(\()p Fj(L)c |
| | 17448 | Fw(=)f(1)p Fj(;)17 b(S)33 b Fw(=)28 b(0)f Fn(\))g Fj(J)37 |
| | 17449 | b Fw(=)28 b(1\))244 4058 y(and)h(one)h(scalar,)f(one)g(pseudo)m(v)m |
| | 17450 | (ector)j(and)d(one)h(tensor)g(m)m(ultiplet)c(obtained)j(for)f(total)g |
| | 17451 | (quark-)244 4166 y(spin)33 b(1)g(\()p Fj(L)c Fw(=)f(1)p |
| | 17452 | Fj(;)17 b(S)34 b Fw(=)28 b(1)h Fn(\))f Fj(J)38 b Fw(=)28 |
| | 17453 | b(0)p Fj(;)17 b Fw(1)32 b(or)h(2\),)g(where)i Fj(J)42 |
| | 17454 | b Fw(is)32 b(what)i(is)e(con)m(v)m(en)m(tionally)h(called)f(the)244 |
| | 17455 | 4275 y(spin)39 b Fj(s)f Fw(of)h(the)g(meson.)63 b(An)m(y)39 |
| | 17456 | b(mixing)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)h(pseudo)m(v)m(ector)h(m) |
| | 17457 | m(ultiplets)c(is)i(not)1356 4612 y(T)-8 b(able)33 b(6:)43 |
| | 17458 | b(Diquark)32 b(co)s(des.)p 822 4738 2137 4 v 820 4859 |
| | 17459 | 4 121 v 899 4826 a(KF)p 1115 4859 V 127 w(Name)p 1461 |
| | 17460 | 4859 V 99 w(Prin)m(ted)p 1879 4859 V 1896 4859 V 145 |
| | 17461 | w(KF)p 2190 4859 V 127 w(Name)p 2536 4859 V 99 w(Prin)m(ted)p |
| | 17462 | 2954 4859 V 822 4862 2137 4 v 820 4983 4 121 v 1115 4983 |
| | 17463 | V 1461 4983 V 1879 4983 V 1896 4983 V 1947 4950 a(1103)p |
| | 17464 | 2190 4983 V 148 w(dd)2399 4965 y Fl(1)p 2536 4983 V 2652 |
| | 17465 | 4950 a Fq(dd)p 2760 4950 31 4 v 37 w(1)p 2954 4983 4 |
| | 17466 | 121 v 820 5103 V 872 5070 a Fw(2101)p 1115 5103 V 148 |
| | 17467 | w(ud)1324 5085 y Fl(0)p 1461 5103 V 1576 5070 a Fq(ud)p |
| | 17468 | 1684 5070 31 4 v 38 w(0)p 1879 5103 4 121 v 1896 5103 |
| | 17469 | V 180 w Fw(2103)p 2190 5103 V 148 w(ud)2399 5085 y Fl(1)p |
| | 17470 | 2536 5103 V 2652 5070 a Fq(ud)p 2760 5070 31 4 v 37 w(1)p |
| | 17471 | 2954 5103 4 121 v 820 5223 V 1115 5223 V 1461 5223 V |
| | 17472 | 1879 5223 V 1896 5223 V 1947 5191 a Fw(2203)p 2190 5223 |
| | 17473 | V 148 w(uu)2399 5206 y Fl(1)p 2536 5223 V 2652 5191 a |
| | 17474 | Fq(uu)p 2760 5191 31 4 v 37 w(1)p 2954 5223 4 121 v 820 |
| | 17475 | 5344 V 872 5311 a Fw(3101)p 1115 5344 V 155 w(sd)1315 |
| | 17476 | 5326 y Fl(0)p 1461 5344 V 1576 5311 a Fq(sd)p 1684 5311 |
| | 17477 | 31 4 v 38 w(0)p 1879 5344 4 121 v 1896 5344 V 180 w Fw(3103)p |
| | 17478 | 2190 5344 V 156 w(sd)2391 5326 y Fl(1)p 2536 5344 V 2652 |
| | 17479 | 5311 a Fq(sd)p 2760 5311 31 4 v 37 w(1)p 2954 5344 4 |
| | 17480 | 121 v 820 5464 V 872 5432 a Fw(3201)p 1115 5464 V 155 |
| | 17481 | w(su)1315 5447 y Fl(0)p 1461 5464 V 1576 5432 a Fq(su)p |
| | 17482 | 1684 5432 31 4 v 38 w(0)p 1879 5464 4 121 v 1896 5464 |
| | 17483 | V 180 w Fw(3203)p 2190 5464 V 156 w(su)2391 5447 y Fl(1)p |
| | 17484 | 2536 5464 V 2652 5432 a Fq(su)p 2760 5432 31 4 v 37 w(1)p |
| | 17485 | 2954 5464 4 121 v 820 5584 V 1115 5584 V 1461 5584 V |
| | 17486 | 1879 5584 V 1896 5584 V 1947 5552 a Fw(3303)p 2190 5584 |
| | 17487 | V 164 w(ss)2383 5567 y Fl(1)p 2536 5584 V 2652 5552 a |
| | 17488 | Fq(ss)p 2760 5552 31 4 v 37 w(1)p 2954 5584 4 121 v 822 |
| | 17489 | 5588 2137 4 v 1841 5953 a Fw(55)p eop |
| | 17490 | %%Page: 56 62 |
| | 17491 | 56 61 bop 1232 34 a Fw(T)-8 b(able)32 b(7:)44 b(Meson)33 |
| | 17492 | b(co)s(des,)h(part)e(1.)p 850 160 2080 4 v 848 281 4 |
| | 17493 | 121 v 903 248 a(KF)p 1095 281 V 103 w(Name)p 1441 281 |
| | 17494 | V 99 w(Prin)m(ted)p 1859 281 V 1876 281 V 120 w(KF)p |
| | 17495 | 2121 281 V 103 w(Name)p 2467 281 V 119 w(Prin)m(ted)p |
| | 17496 | 2926 281 V 850 284 2080 4 v 848 404 4 121 v 900 372 a(211)p |
| | 17497 | 1095 404 V 163 w Fj(\031)1269 336 y Fl(+)p 1441 404 V |
| | 17498 | 1574 372 a Fq(pi+)p 1859 404 V 1876 404 V 200 w Fw(213)p |
| | 17499 | 2121 404 V 167 w Fj(\032)2291 336 y Fl(+)p 2467 404 V |
| | 17500 | 2596 372 a Fq(rho+)p 2926 404 V 848 525 V 900 492 a Fw(311)p |
| | 17501 | 1095 525 V 165 w(K)1288 456 y Fl(0)p 1441 525 V 1600 |
| | 17502 | 492 a Fq(K0)p 1859 525 V 1876 525 V 225 w Fw(313)p 2121 |
| | 17503 | 525 V 147 w(K)2297 456 y Fk(\003)p Fl(0)p 2467 525 V |
| | 17504 | 2621 492 a Fq(K*0)p 2926 525 V 848 645 V 900 613 a Fw(321)p |
| | 17505 | 1095 645 V 155 w(K)1278 576 y Fl(+)p 1441 645 V 1600 |
| | 17506 | 613 a Fq(K+)p 1859 645 V 1876 645 V 225 w Fw(323)p 2121 |
| | 17507 | 645 V 137 w(K)2287 576 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)p 2467 645 V |
| | 17508 | 2621 613 a Fq(K*+)p 2926 645 V 848 765 V 900 733 a Fw(411)p |
| | 17509 | 1095 765 V 156 w(D)1278 697 y Fl(+)p 1441 765 V 1600 |
| | 17510 | 733 a Fq(D+)p 1859 765 V 1876 765 V 225 w Fw(413)p 2121 |
| | 17511 | 765 V 138 w(D)2287 697 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)p 2467 765 V |
| | 17512 | 2621 733 a Fq(D*+)p 2926 765 V 848 886 V 900 853 a Fw(421)p |
| | 17513 | 1095 886 V 165 w(D)1287 817 y Fl(0)p 1441 886 V 1600 |
| | 17514 | 853 a Fq(D0)p 1859 886 V 1876 886 V 225 w Fw(423)p 2121 |
| | 17515 | 886 V 147 w(D)2296 817 y Fk(\003)p Fl(0)p 2467 886 V |
| | 17516 | 2621 853 a Fq(D*0)p 2926 886 V 848 1006 V 900 974 a Fw(431)p |
| | 17517 | 1095 1006 V 156 w(D)1278 938 y Fl(+)1278 998 y Fh(s)p |
| | 17518 | 1441 1006 V 1556 974 a Fq(D)p 1613 974 31 4 v 37 w(s+)p |
| | 17519 | 1859 1006 4 121 v 1876 1006 V 181 w Fw(433)p 2121 1006 |
| | 17520 | V 138 w(D)2287 938 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)2287 998 y(s)p 2467 |
| | 17521 | 1006 V 2577 974 a Fq(D*)p 2685 974 31 4 v 38 w(s+)p 2926 |
| | 17522 | 1006 4 121 v 848 1127 V 900 1094 a Fw(511)p 1095 1127 |
| | 17523 | V 168 w(B)1284 1058 y Fl(0)p 1441 1127 V 1600 1094 a |
| | 17524 | Fq(B0)p 1859 1127 V 1876 1127 V 225 w Fw(513)p 2121 1127 |
| | 17525 | V 150 w(B)2293 1058 y Fk(\003)p Fl(0)p 2467 1127 V 2621 |
| | 17526 | 1094 a Fq(B*0)p 2926 1127 V 848 1247 V 900 1214 a Fw(521)p |
| | 17527 | 1095 1247 V 158 w(B)1274 1178 y Fl(+)p 1441 1247 V 1600 |
| | 17528 | 1214 a Fq(B+)p 1859 1247 V 1876 1247 V 225 w Fw(523)p |
| | 17529 | 2121 1247 V 140 w(B)2283 1178 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)p 2467 |
| | 17530 | 1247 V 2621 1214 a Fq(B*+)p 2926 1247 V 848 1367 V 900 |
| | 17531 | 1335 a Fw(531)p 1095 1367 V 168 w(B)1284 1299 y Fl(0)1284 |
| | 17532 | 1359 y Fh(s)p 1441 1367 V 1556 1335 a Fq(B)p 1613 1335 |
| | 17533 | 31 4 v 37 w(s0)p 1859 1367 4 121 v 1876 1367 V 181 w |
| | 17534 | Fw(533)p 2121 1367 V 150 w(B)2293 1299 y Fk(\003)p Fl(0)2293 |
| | 17535 | 1359 y(s)p 2467 1367 V 2577 1335 a Fq(B*)p 2685 1335 |
| | 17536 | 31 4 v 38 w(s0)p 2926 1367 4 121 v 848 1488 V 900 1455 |
| | 17537 | a Fw(541)p 1095 1488 V 158 w(B)1274 1419 y Fl(+)1274 |
| | 17538 | 1480 y Fh(c)p 1441 1488 V 1556 1455 a Fq(B)p 1613 1455 |
| | 17539 | 31 4 v 37 w(c+)p 1859 1488 4 121 v 1876 1488 V 181 w |
| | 17540 | Fw(543)p 2121 1488 V 140 w(B)2283 1419 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)2283 |
| | 17541 | 1480 y(c)p 2467 1488 V 2577 1455 a Fq(B*)p 2685 1455 |
| | 17542 | 31 4 v 38 w(c+)p 2926 1488 4 121 v 848 1608 V 900 1576 |
| | 17543 | a Fw(111)p 1095 1608 V 173 w Fj(\031)1279 1539 y Fl(0)p |
| | 17544 | 1441 1608 V 1574 1576 a Fq(pi0)p 1859 1608 V 1876 1608 |
| | 17545 | V 200 w Fw(113)p 2121 1608 V 177 w Fj(\032)2301 1539 |
| | 17546 | y Fl(0)p 2467 1608 V 2596 1576 a Fq(rho0)p 2926 1608 |
| | 17547 | V 848 1728 V 900 1696 a Fw(221)p 1095 1728 V 196 w Fj(\021)p |
| | 17548 | 1441 1728 V 283 w Fq(eta)p 1859 1728 V 1876 1728 V 200 |
| | 17549 | w Fw(223)p 2121 1728 V 190 w Fj(!)p 2467 1728 V 245 w |
| | 17550 | Fq(omega)p 2926 1728 V 848 1849 V 900 1816 a Fw(331)p |
| | 17551 | 1095 1849 V 185 w Fj(\021)1284 1780 y Fk(0)p 1441 1849 |
| | 17552 | V 1549 1816 a Fq(eta')p 1859 1849 V 1876 1849 V 174 w |
| | 17553 | Fw(333)p 2121 1849 V 193 w Fj(\036)p 2467 1849 V 296 |
| | 17554 | w Fq(phi)p 2926 1849 V 848 1969 V 900 1937 a Fw(441)p |
| | 17555 | 1095 1969 V 180 w Fj(\021)1275 1952 y Fl(c)p 1441 1969 |
| | 17556 | V 1530 1937 a Fq(eta)p 1689 1937 31 4 v 38 w(c)p 1859 |
| | 17557 | 1969 4 121 v 1876 1969 V 155 w Fw(443)p 2121 1969 V 139 |
| | 17558 | w(J)p Fj(= )p 2467 1969 V 195 w Fq(J/psi)p 2926 1969 |
| | 17559 | V 848 2090 V 900 2057 a Fw(551)p 1095 2090 V 177 w Fj(\021)1272 |
| | 17560 | 2072 y Fl(b)p 1441 2090 V 1530 2057 a Fq(eta)p 1689 2057 |
| | 17561 | 31 4 v 38 w(b)p 1859 2090 4 121 v 1876 2090 V 155 w Fw(553)p |
| | 17562 | 2121 2090 V 184 w(\007)p 2467 2090 V 185 w Fq(Upsilon)p |
| | 17563 | 2926 2090 V 848 2210 V 900 2177 a Fw(661)p 1095 2210 |
| | 17564 | V 182 w Fj(\021)1277 2192 y Fl(t)p 1441 2210 V 1530 2177 |
| | 17565 | a Fq(eta)p 1689 2177 31 4 v 38 w(t)p 1859 2210 4 121 |
| | 17566 | v 1876 2210 V 155 w Fw(663)p 2121 2210 V 184 w(\002)p |
| | 17567 | 2467 2210 V 236 w Fq(Theta)p 2926 2210 V 848 2330 V 900 |
| | 17568 | 2298 a Fw(130)p 1095 2330 V 160 w(K)1283 2262 y Fl(0)1283 |
| | 17569 | 2322 y(L)p 1441 2330 V 1556 2298 a Fq(K)p 1613 2298 31 |
| | 17570 | 4 v 37 w(L0)p 1859 2330 4 121 v 1876 2330 V 2121 2330 |
| | 17571 | V 2467 2330 V 2926 2330 V 848 2451 V 900 2418 a Fw(310)p |
| | 17572 | 1095 2451 V 163 w(K)1286 2382 y Fl(0)1286 2443 y(S)p |
| | 17573 | 1441 2451 V 1556 2418 a Fq(K)p 1613 2418 31 4 v 37 w(S0)p |
| | 17574 | 1859 2451 4 121 v 1876 2451 V 2121 2451 V 2467 2451 V |
| | 17575 | 2926 2451 V 850 2454 2080 4 v 244 2724 a Fw(tak)m(en)40 |
| | 17576 | b(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t.)63 b(Please)39 b(note)g(that)f(some)h(mem)m(b)s |
| | 17577 | (ers)g(of)f(these)i(m)m(ultiplets)d(ha)m(v)m(e)j(still)244 |
| | 17578 | 2833 y(not)e(b)s(een)h(found,)h(and)e(are)g(included)g(here)h(only)f |
| | 17579 | (based)h(on)f(guessw)m(ork.)63 b(Ev)m(en)39 b(for)f(kno)m(wn)244 |
| | 17580 | 2941 y(ones,)31 b(the)f(information)c(on)k(particles)f(\(mass,)h |
| | 17581 | (width,)g(deca)m(y)h(mo)s(des\))e(is)g(highly)g(incomplete.)244 |
| | 17582 | 3054 y(Only)j(t)m(w)m(o)h(radial)e(excitations)h(are)g(included,)h(the) |
| | 17583 | g Fj( )2252 3018 y Fk(0)2303 3054 y Fw(=)27 b Fj( )t |
| | 17584 | Fw(\(2)p Fj(S)6 b Fw(\))32 b(and)h(\007)2962 3018 y Fk(0)3013 |
| | 17585 | 3054 y Fw(=)27 b(\007\(2)p Fj(S)6 b Fw(\).)244 3167 y(The)26 |
| | 17586 | b(corresp)s(onding)g(meson)f(K)m(C)h(co)s(des,)i(used)f(for)e |
| | 17587 | (organizing)e(mass)i(and)h(deca)m(y)h(data,)f(range)244 |
| | 17588 | 3276 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)35 b(101)c(and)i(240.)119 3393 |
| | 17589 | y(7.)49 b(Bary)m(on)33 b(co)s(des,)g(T)-8 b(able)33 b(9.)244 |
| | 17590 | 3502 y(A)i(bary)m(on)h(made)f(up)h(of)e(quarks)j Fj(i)p |
| | 17591 | Fw(,)f Fj(j)41 b Fw(and)36 b Fj(k)s Fw(,)g(with)f Fj(i)d |
| | 17592 | Fn(\025)h Fj(j)38 b Fn(\025)33 b Fj(k)s Fw(,)j(and)g(total)d(spin)j |
| | 17593 | Fj(s)p Fw(,)g(is)e(giv)m(en)244 3610 y(the)f(co)s(de)1248 |
| | 17594 | 3718 y(KF)28 b(=)f(1000)p Fj(i)22 b Fw(+)g(100)p Fj(j)27 |
| | 17595 | b Fw(+)22 b(10)p Fj(k)j Fw(+)d(2)p Fj(s)g Fw(+)g(1)32 |
| | 17596 | b Fj(:)831 b Fw(\(18\))244 3881 y(An)38 b(exception)g(is)g(pro)m(vided) |
| | 17597 | g(b)m(y)h(spin)e(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2)h(bary)m(ons)g(made)g(up)g(of)f(three) |
| | 17598 | i(di\013eren)m(t)f(t)m(yp)s(es)h(of)244 3989 y(quarks,)33 |
| | 17599 | b(where)g(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)g(ligh)m(test)f(quarks)i(form)d(a)h(spin-0)g |
| | 17600 | (diquark)h(\(\003-lik)m(e)e(bary)m(ons\).)44 b(Here)244 |
| | 17601 | 4097 y(the)g(order)g(of)f(the)h Fj(j)50 b Fw(and)43 b |
| | 17602 | Fj(k)k Fw(quarks)e(is)e(rev)m(ersed,)49 b(so)44 b(as)g(to)f(pro)m(vide) |
| | 17603 | h(a)f(simple)f(means)i(of)244 4206 y(distinction)28 b(to)h(bary)m(ons)i |
| | 17604 | (with)e(the)h(ligh)m(test)e(quarks)j(in)e(a)g(spin-1)g(diquark)h |
| | 17605 | (\(\006-lik)m(e)e(bary)m(ons\).)244 4319 y(F)-8 b(or)31 |
| | 17606 | b(hadrons)h(with)f(hea)m(vy)i(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)g(the)f(ro)s(ot)f |
| | 17607 | (names)g(are)h(Lam)m(b)s(da)e(or)h(Sigma)f(for)h(hadrons)244 |
| | 17608 | 4427 y(with)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(u)g(or)f(d)h(quarks,)h(Xi)e(for)g(those)h |
| | 17609 | (with)f(one,)h(and)g(Omega)e(for)h(those)h(without)f(u)h(or)f(d)244 |
| | 17610 | 4536 y(quarks.)244 4649 y(Some)i(of)g(the)i(most)e(frequen)m(tly)i |
| | 17611 | (used)g(co)s(des)f(are)g(giv)m(en)g(in)f(T)-8 b(able)33 |
| | 17612 | b(9.)47 b(The)35 b(full)d(lo)m(w)m(est-lying)244 4757 |
| | 17613 | y(spin)g(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2)g(and)h(3)p Fj(=)p Fw(2)f(m)m(ultiplets)e(are) |
| | 17614 | j(included)f(in)g(the)h(program.)244 4870 y(The)k(corresp)s(onding)g(K) |
| | 17615 | m(C)g(co)s(des,)i(used)f(for)e(organizing)e(mass)j(and)g(deca)m(y)h |
| | 17616 | (data,)f(range)g(b)s(e-)244 4978 y(t)m(w)m(een)d(301)e(and)h(400,)f |
| | 17617 | (with)g(some)g(slots)h(still)d(free.)119 5096 y(8.)49 |
| | 17618 | b(Di\013ractiv)m(e)31 b(states,)j(T)-8 b(able)32 b(10.)244 |
| | 17619 | 5204 y(These)37 b(co)s(des)f(are)g(not)f(standard)h(ones:)50 |
| | 17620 | b(they)36 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(de\014ned)h(b)m(y)f(analogy)f(to)g |
| | 17621 | (b)s(e)g(used)244 5313 y(for)28 b(denoting)h(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(states) |
| | 17622 | i(in)e Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)h(as)h(part)e(of)h(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(history) |
| | 17623 | -8 b(.)42 b(The)29 b(\014rst)h(t)m(w)m(o)244 5421 y(or)h(three)i |
| | 17624 | (digits)d(giv)m(e)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(con)m(ten)m(t,)g(while)e(the)h |
| | 17625 | (last)f(one)h(is)f(0,)g(to)h(denote)g(the)g(somewhat)244 |
| | 17626 | 5530 y(un)m(usual)k(c)m(haracter)g(of)e(the)i(co)s(de.)52 |
| | 17627 | b(Only)35 b(a)g(few)h(co)s(des)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)g(in)m(tro)s |
| | 17628 | (duced;)h(dep)s(ending)244 5638 y(on)32 b(circumstances)i(these)g(also) |
| | 17629 | d(ha)m(v)m(e)j(to)e(double)h(up)g(for)f(other)g(di\013ractiv)m(e)g |
| | 17630 | (states.)1841 5953 y(56)p eop |
| | 17631 | %%Page: 57 63 |
| | 17632 | 57 62 bop 1232 34 a Fw(T)-8 b(able)32 b(8:)44 b(Meson)33 |
| | 17633 | b(co)s(des,)h(part)e(2.)p 714 160 2352 4 v 712 281 4 |
| | 17634 | 121 v 816 248 a(KF)p 1056 281 V 151 w(Name)p 1402 281 |
| | 17635 | V 145 w(Prin)m(ted)p 1912 281 V 1929 281 V 215 w(KF)p |
| | 17636 | 2272 281 V 151 w(Name)p 2618 281 V 113 w(Prin)m(ted)p |
| | 17637 | 3062 281 V 714 284 2352 4 v 712 404 4 121 v 764 372 a(10213)p |
| | 17638 | 1056 404 V 175 w(b)1238 387 y Fl(1)p 1402 404 V 1563 |
| | 17639 | 372 a Fq(b)p 1620 372 31 4 v 37 w(1+)p 1912 404 4 121 |
| | 17640 | v 1929 404 V 227 w Fw(10211)p 2272 404 V 168 w(a)2442 |
| | 17641 | 331 y Fl(+)2442 394 y(0)p 2618 404 V 2746 372 a Fq(a)p |
| | 17642 | 2803 372 31 4 v 38 w(0+)p 3062 404 4 121 v 712 525 V |
| | 17643 | 764 492 a Fw(10313)p 1056 525 V 164 w(K)1249 456 y Fl(0)1249 |
| | 17644 | 517 y(1)p 1402 525 V 1563 492 a Fq(K)p 1620 492 31 4 |
| | 17645 | v 37 w(10)p 1912 525 4 121 v 1929 525 V 227 w Fw(10311)p |
| | 17646 | 2272 525 V 146 w(K)2447 456 y Fk(\003)p Fl(0)2447 517 |
| | 17647 | y(0)p 2618 525 V 2721 492 a Fq(K*)p 2829 492 31 4 v 37 |
| | 17648 | w(00)p 3062 525 4 121 v 712 645 V 764 613 a Fw(10323)p |
| | 17649 | 1056 645 V 154 w(K)1239 571 y Fl(+)1239 634 y(1)p 1402 |
| | 17650 | 645 V 1563 613 a Fq(K)p 1620 613 31 4 v 37 w(1+)p 1912 |
| | 17651 | 645 4 121 v 1929 645 V 227 w Fw(10321)p 2272 645 V 137 |
| | 17652 | w(K)2438 571 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)2438 634 y(0)p 2618 645 |
| | 17653 | V 2721 613 a Fq(K*)p 2829 613 31 4 v 37 w(0+)p 3062 645 |
| | 17654 | 4 121 v 712 765 V 764 733 a Fw(10413)p 1056 765 V 155 |
| | 17655 | w(D)1239 692 y Fl(+)1239 755 y(1)p 1402 765 V 1563 733 |
| | 17656 | a Fq(D)p 1620 733 31 4 v 37 w(1+)p 1912 765 4 121 v 1929 |
| | 17657 | 765 V 227 w Fw(10411)p 2272 765 V 137 w(D)2437 692 y |
| | 17658 | Fk(\003)p Fl(+)2437 755 y(0)p 2618 765 V 2721 733 a Fq(D*)p |
| | 17659 | 2829 733 31 4 v 37 w(0+)p 3062 765 4 121 v 712 886 V |
| | 17660 | 764 853 a Fw(10423)p 1056 886 V 165 w(D)1249 817 y Fl(0)1249 |
| | 17661 | 878 y(1)p 1402 886 V 1563 853 a Fq(D)p 1620 853 31 4 |
| | 17662 | v 37 w(10)p 1912 886 4 121 v 1929 886 V 227 w Fw(10421)p |
| | 17663 | 2272 886 V 147 w(D)2447 817 y Fk(\003)p Fl(0)2447 878 |
| | 17664 | y(0)p 2618 886 V 2721 853 a Fq(D*)p 2829 853 31 4 v 37 |
| | 17665 | w(00)p 3062 886 4 121 v 712 1006 V 764 974 a Fw(10433)p |
| | 17666 | 1056 1006 V 151 w(D)1235 932 y Fl(+)1235 995 y(1s)p 1402 |
| | 17667 | 1006 V 1538 974 a Fq(D)p 1595 974 31 4 v 37 w(1s+)p 1912 |
| | 17668 | 1006 4 121 v 1929 1006 V 201 w Fw(10431)p 2272 1006 V |
| | 17669 | 137 w(D)2437 932 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)2437 995 y(0s)p 2618 |
| | 17670 | 1006 V 2695 974 a Fq(D*)p 2803 974 31 4 v 38 w(0s+)p |
| | 17671 | 3062 1006 4 121 v 712 1127 V 764 1094 a Fw(10113)p 1056 |
| | 17672 | 1127 V 175 w(b)1238 1058 y Fl(0)1238 1119 y(1)p 1402 |
| | 17673 | 1127 V 1563 1094 a Fq(b)p 1620 1094 31 4 v 37 w(10)p |
| | 17674 | 1912 1127 4 121 v 1929 1127 V 227 w Fw(10111)p 2272 1127 |
| | 17675 | V 178 w(a)2452 1058 y Fl(0)2452 1119 y(0)p 2618 1127 |
| | 17676 | V 2746 1094 a Fq(a)p 2803 1094 31 4 v 38 w(00)p 3062 |
| | 17677 | 1127 4 121 v 712 1247 V 764 1214 a Fw(10223)p 1056 1247 |
| | 17678 | V 175 w(h)1238 1178 y Fl(0)1238 1239 y(1)p 1402 1247 |
| | 17679 | V 1563 1214 a Fq(h)p 1620 1214 31 4 v 37 w(10)p 1912 |
| | 17680 | 1247 4 121 v 1929 1247 V 227 w Fw(10221)p 2272 1247 V |
| | 17681 | 184 w(f)2446 1178 y Fl(0)2439 1239 y(0)p 2618 1247 V |
| | 17682 | 2746 1214 a Fq(f)p 2803 1214 31 4 v 38 w(00)p 3062 1247 |
| | 17683 | 4 121 v 712 1367 V 764 1335 a Fw(10333)p 1056 1367 V |
| | 17684 | 165 w(h)1228 1299 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1228 1359 y(1)p 1402 |
| | 17685 | 1367 V 1538 1335 a Fq(h')p 1646 1335 31 4 v 37 w(10)p |
| | 17686 | 1912 1367 4 121 v 1929 1367 V 201 w Fw(10331)p 2272 1367 |
| | 17687 | V 174 w(f)2436 1299 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2429 1359 y(0)p 2618 |
| | 17688 | 1367 V 2721 1335 a Fq(f')p 2829 1335 31 4 v 37 w(00)p |
| | 17689 | 3062 1367 4 121 v 712 1488 V 764 1455 a Fw(10443)p 1056 |
| | 17690 | 1488 V 159 w(h)1222 1419 y Fl(0)1222 1480 y(1c)p 1402 |
| | 17691 | 1488 V 1538 1455 a Fq(h)p 1595 1455 31 4 v 37 w(1c0)p |
| | 17692 | 1912 1488 4 121 v 1929 1488 V 201 w Fw(10441)p 2272 1488 |
| | 17693 | V 156 w Fj(\037)2442 1419 y Fl(0)2442 1480 y(0c)p 2618 |
| | 17694 | 1488 V 2670 1455 a Fq(chi)p 2829 1455 31 4 v 37 w(0c0)p |
| | 17695 | 3062 1488 4 121 v 714 1491 2352 4 v 712 1611 4 121 v |
| | 17696 | 764 1579 a Fw(20213)p 1056 1611 V 168 w(a)1226 1538 y |
| | 17697 | Fl(+)1226 1601 y(1)p 1402 1611 V 1563 1579 a Fq(a)p 1620 |
| | 17698 | 1579 31 4 v 37 w(1+)p 1912 1611 4 121 v 1929 1611 V 276 |
| | 17699 | w Fw(215)p 2272 1611 V 217 w(a)2442 1538 y Fl(+)2442 |
| | 17700 | 1601 y(2)p 2618 1611 V 2746 1579 a Fq(a)p 2803 1579 31 |
| | 17701 | 4 v 38 w(2+)p 3062 1611 4 121 v 712 1732 V 764 1699 a |
| | 17702 | Fw(20313)p 1056 1732 V 146 w(K)1231 1663 y Fk(\003)p |
| | 17703 | Fl(0)1231 1724 y(1)p 1402 1732 V 1538 1699 a Fq(K*)p |
| | 17704 | 1646 1699 31 4 v 37 w(10)p 1912 1732 4 121 v 1929 1732 |
| | 17705 | V 250 w Fw(315)p 2272 1732 V 195 w(K)2447 1663 y Fk(\003)p |
| | 17706 | Fl(0)2447 1724 y(2)p 2618 1732 V 2721 1699 a Fq(K*)p |
| | 17707 | 2829 1699 31 4 v 37 w(20)p 3062 1732 4 121 v 712 1852 |
| | 17708 | V 764 1820 a Fw(20323)p 1056 1852 V 137 w(K)1222 1778 |
| | 17709 | y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)1222 1841 y(1)p 1402 1852 V 1538 1820 |
| | 17710 | a Fq(K*)p 1646 1820 31 4 v 37 w(1+)p 1912 1852 4 121 |
| | 17711 | v 1929 1852 V 250 w Fw(325)p 2272 1852 V 186 w(K)2438 |
| | 17712 | 1778 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)2438 1841 y(2)p 2618 1852 V 2721 |
| | 17713 | 1820 a Fq(K*)p 2829 1820 31 4 v 37 w(2+)p 3062 1852 4 |
| | 17714 | 121 v 712 1973 V 764 1940 a Fw(20413)p 1056 1973 V 137 |
| | 17715 | w(D)1221 1899 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)1221 1962 y(1)p 1402 1973 |
| | 17716 | V 1538 1940 a Fq(D*)p 1646 1940 31 4 v 37 w(1+)p 1912 |
| | 17717 | 1973 4 121 v 1929 1973 V 250 w Fw(415)p 2272 1973 V 186 |
| | 17718 | w(D)2437 1899 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)2437 1962 y(2)p 2618 1973 |
| | 17719 | V 2721 1940 a Fq(D*)p 2829 1940 31 4 v 37 w(2+)p 3062 |
| | 17720 | 1973 4 121 v 712 2093 V 764 2060 a Fw(20423)p 1056 2093 |
| | 17721 | V 147 w(D)1231 2024 y Fk(\003)p Fl(0)1231 2085 y(1)p |
| | 17722 | 1402 2093 V 1538 2060 a Fq(D*)p 1646 2060 31 4 v 37 w(10)p |
| | 17723 | 1912 2093 4 121 v 1929 2093 V 250 w Fw(425)p 2272 2093 |
| | 17724 | V 196 w(D)2447 2024 y Fk(\003)p Fl(0)2447 2085 y(2)p |
| | 17725 | 2618 2093 V 2721 2060 a Fq(D*)p 2829 2060 31 4 v 37 w(20)p |
| | 17726 | 3062 2093 4 121 v 712 2213 V 764 2181 a Fw(20433)p 1056 |
| | 17727 | 2213 V 137 w(D)1221 2140 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)1221 2203 y(1s)p |
| | 17728 | 1402 2213 V 1512 2181 a Fq(D*)p 1620 2181 31 4 v 37 w(1s+)p |
| | 17729 | 1912 2213 4 121 v 1929 2213 V 225 w Fw(435)p 2272 2213 |
| | 17730 | V 186 w(D)2437 2140 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)2437 2203 y(2s)p |
| | 17731 | 2618 2213 V 2695 2181 a Fq(D*)p 2803 2181 31 4 v 38 w(2s+)p |
| | 17732 | 3062 2213 4 121 v 712 2334 V 764 2301 a Fw(20113)p 1056 |
| | 17733 | 2334 V 177 w(a)1235 2265 y Fl(0)1235 2326 y(1)p 1402 |
| | 17734 | 2334 V 1563 2301 a Fq(a)p 1620 2301 31 4 v 37 w(10)p |
| | 17735 | 1912 2334 4 121 v 1929 2334 V 276 w Fw(115)p 2272 2334 |
| | 17736 | V 227 w(a)2452 2265 y Fl(0)2452 2326 y(2)p 2618 2334 |
| | 17737 | V 2746 2301 a Fq(a)p 2803 2301 31 4 v 38 w(20)p 3062 |
| | 17738 | 2334 4 121 v 712 2454 V 764 2422 a Fw(20223)p 1056 2454 |
| | 17739 | V 184 w(f)1230 2385 y Fl(0)1223 2446 y(1)p 1402 2454 |
| | 17740 | V 1563 2422 a Fq(f)p 1620 2422 31 4 v 37 w(10)p 1912 |
| | 17741 | 2454 4 121 v 1929 2454 V 276 w Fw(225)p 2272 2454 V 233 |
| | 17742 | w(f)2446 2385 y Fl(0)2439 2446 y(2)p 2618 2454 V 2746 |
| | 17743 | 2422 a Fq(f)p 2803 2422 31 4 v 38 w(20)p 3062 2454 4 |
| | 17744 | 121 v 712 2574 V 764 2542 a Fw(20333)p 1056 2574 V 174 |
| | 17745 | w(f)1220 2506 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1213 2567 y(1)p 1402 2574 |
| | 17746 | V 1538 2542 a Fq(f')p 1646 2542 31 4 v 37 w(10)p 1912 |
| | 17747 | 2574 4 121 v 1929 2574 V 250 w Fw(335)p 2272 2574 V 223 |
| | 17748 | w(f)2436 2506 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2429 2567 y(2)p 2618 2574 |
| | 17749 | V 2721 2542 a Fq(f')p 2829 2542 31 4 v 37 w(20)p 3062 |
| | 17750 | 2574 4 121 v 712 2695 V 764 2662 a Fw(20443)p 1056 2695 |
| | 17751 | V 156 w Fj(\037)1226 2626 y Fl(0)1226 2687 y(1c)p 1402 |
| | 17752 | 2695 V 1486 2662 a Fq(chi)p 1645 2662 31 4 v 38 w(1c0)p |
| | 17753 | 1912 2695 4 121 v 1929 2695 V 199 w Fw(445)p 2272 2695 |
| | 17754 | V 205 w Fj(\037)2442 2626 y Fl(0)2442 2687 y(2c)p 2618 |
| | 17755 | 2695 V 2670 2662 a Fq(chi)p 2829 2662 31 4 v 37 w(2c0)p |
| | 17756 | 3062 2695 4 121 v 714 2698 2352 4 v 712 2819 4 121 v |
| | 17757 | 764 2786 a Fw(30443)p 1056 2819 V 176 w Fj( )1252 2750 |
| | 17758 | y Fk(0)p 1402 2819 V 1556 2786 a Fq(psi')p 1912 2819 |
| | 17759 | V 1929 2819 V 2272 2819 V 2618 2819 V 3062 2819 V 712 |
| | 17760 | 2939 V 764 2906 a Fw(30553)p 1056 2939 V 172 w(\007)1257 |
| | 17761 | 2870 y Fk(0)p 1402 2939 V 1453 2906 a Fq(Upsilon')p 1912 |
| | 17762 | 2939 V 1929 2939 V 2272 2939 V 2618 2939 V 3062 2939 |
| | 17763 | V 714 2942 2352 4 v 119 3213 a Fw(9.)49 b(F)-8 b(ree)41 |
| | 17764 | b(compressed)h(co)s(des.)69 b(The)42 b(p)s(ositions)d(401{500)h(of)g |
| | 17765 | (mass)h(and)g(deca)m(y)h(arra)m(ys)f(are)g(left)244 3321 |
| | 17766 | y(op)s(en.)48 b(Here)35 b(a)f(user)h(ma)m(y)f(map)f(an)m(y)i(new)g |
| | 17767 | (kind)f(of)g(particle)f(from)g(the)h(ordinary)g(KF)g(co)s(des,)244 |
| | 17768 | 3429 y(whic)m(h)k(probably)f(are)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(10000,)g(in)m(to)e |
| | 17769 | (a)h(more)g(manageable)f(K)m(C)i(range)f(for)g(mass)g(and)244 |
| | 17770 | 3538 y(deca)m(y)27 b(data)d(information.)38 b(The)26 |
| | 17771 | b(mapping)e(m)m(ust)i(b)s(e)f(implemen)m(ted)f(in)g(the)i |
| | 17772 | Fq(LUCOMP)h Fw(function.)0 3812 y Fp(5.2)135 b(The)45 |
| | 17773 | b(Ev)l(en)l(t)h(Record)0 3984 y Fw(Eac)m(h)40 b(new)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h |
| | 17774 | (generated)f(is)e(in)g(its)h(en)m(tiret)m(y)h(stored)f(in)f(the)i |
| | 17775 | (common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)i Fq(LUJETS)p Fw(,)i(whic)m(h)0 |
| | 17776 | 4093 y(th)m(us)46 b(forms)e(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record.)80 |
| | 17777 | b(Here)46 b(eac)m(h)f(jet)g(or)f(particle)g(that)g(app)s(ears)h(at)g |
| | 17778 | (some)f(stage)h(of)0 4201 y(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(or)h(deca)m(y)i(c) |
| | 17779 | m(hain)f(will)d(o)s(ccup)m(y)k(one)f(line)f(in)f(the)j(matrices.)82 |
| | 17780 | b(The)46 b(di\013eren)m(t)0 4309 y(comp)s(onen)m(ts)h(of)f(this)h(line) |
| | 17781 | e(will)g(tell)g(whic)m(h)i(jet/particle)e(it)h(is,)k(from)c(where)i(it) |
| | 17782 | d(originates,)k(its)0 4418 y(presen)m(t)42 b(status)g(\(fragmen)m |
| | 17783 | (ted/deca)m(y)m(ed)h(or)d(not\),)j(its)d(momen)m(tum,)i(energy)f(and)g |
| | 17784 | (mass,)i(and)e(the)0 4526 y(space{time)33 b(p)s(osition)e(of)h(its)h |
| | 17785 | (pro)s(duction)f(v)m(ertex.)47 b(Note)33 b(that)g Fq(K\(I,3\))p |
| | 17786 | Fw({)p Fq(K\(I,5\))i Fw(and)f(the)f Fq(P)g Fw(and)g Fq(V)0 |
| | 17787 | 4634 y Fw(v)m(ectors)e(ma)m(y)f(tak)m(e)h(sp)s(ecial)d(meaning)h(for)g |
| | 17788 | (some)h(sp)s(eci\014c)g(applications)e(\(e.g.)43 b(sphericit)m(y)30 |
| | 17789 | b(or)f(cluster)0 4743 y(analysis\),)j(as)h(describ)s(ed)g(in)f(those)h |
| | 17790 | (connections.)146 4851 y(The)k(ev)m(en)m(t)h(history)d(information)e |
| | 17791 | (stored)j(in)f Fq(K\(I,3\))p Fw({)p Fq(K\(I,5\))k Fw(should)d(not)f(b)s |
| | 17792 | (e)h(tak)m(en)h(to)s(o)e(lit-)0 4959 y(erally)-8 b(.)76 |
| | 17793 | b(In)44 b(the)g(particle)f(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hains,)i(the)d(meaning)f(of)g |
| | 17794 | (a)g(mother)h(is)f(w)m(ell-de\014ned,)k(but)d(the)0 5068 |
| | 17795 | y(fragmen)m(tation)31 b(description)i(is)f(more)h(complicated.)43 |
| | 17796 | b(The)34 b(primary)d(hadrons)j(pro)s(duced)g(in)e(string)0 |
| | 17797 | 5176 y(fragmen)m(tation)k(come)h(from)g(the)h(string)f(as)h(a)g(whole,) |
| | 17798 | h(rather)e(than)h(from)f(an)g(individual)f(parton.)0 |
| | 17799 | 5284 y(Ev)m(en)45 b(when)g(the)f(string)f(is)g(not)h(included)f(in)g |
| | 17800 | (the)h(history)f(\(see)i Fq(MSTU\(16\))p Fw(\),)k(the)44 |
| | 17801 | b(p)s(oin)m(ter)f(from)0 5393 y(hadron)37 b(to)f(parton)g(is)g |
| | 17802 | (deceptiv)m(e.)57 b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(instance,)i(in)d(a)i(qg)p |
| | 17803 | 2251 5340 52 4 v 1 w(q)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)j(those)d(hadrons)g(are)f(p)s |
| | 17804 | (oin)m(ting)0 5501 y(to)m(w)m(ards)26 b(the)g(q)f(\()p |
| | 17805 | 631 5448 V(q)q(\))f(parton)h(that)g(w)m(ere)i(pro)s(duced)e(b)m(y)h |
| | 17806 | (fragmen)m(tation)e(from)f(that)i(end)h(of)f(the)g(string,)0 |
| | 17807 | 5609 y(according)k(to)h(the)g(random)f(pro)s(cedure)i(used)g(in)e(the)h |
| | 17808 | (fragmen)m(tation)e(routine.)42 b(No)29 b(particles)g(p)s(oin)m(t)1841 |
| | 17809 | 5953 y(57)p eop |
| | 17810 | %%Page: 58 64 |
| | 17811 | 58 63 bop 1375 34 a Fw(T)-8 b(able)33 b(9:)43 b(Bary)m(on)33 |
| | 17812 | b(co)s(des.)p 667 160 2445 4 v 665 281 4 121 v 745 248 |
| | 17813 | a(KF)p 960 281 V 127 w(Name)p 1307 281 V 163 w(Prin)m(ted)p |
| | 17814 | 1853 281 V 1870 281 V 209 w(KF)p 2165 281 V 127 w(Name)p |
| | 17815 | 2511 281 V 189 w(Prin)m(ted)p 3109 281 V 667 284 2445 |
| | 17816 | 4 v 665 404 4 121 v 960 404 V 1307 404 V 1853 404 V 1870 |
| | 17817 | 404 V 1921 372 a(1114)p 2165 404 V 152 w(\001)2350 336 |
| | 17818 | y Fk(\000)p 2511 404 V 2658 372 a Fq(Delta-)p 3109 404 |
| | 17819 | V 665 525 V 717 492 a Fw(2112)p 960 525 V 195 w(n)p 1307 |
| | 17820 | 525 V 368 w Fq(n0)p 1853 525 V 1870 525 V 289 w Fw(2114)p |
| | 17821 | 2165 525 V 162 w(\001)2360 456 y Fl(0)p 2511 525 V 2658 |
| | 17822 | 492 a Fq(Delta0)p 3109 525 V 665 645 V 717 613 a Fw(2212)p |
| | 17823 | 960 645 V 195 w(p)p 1307 645 V 368 w Fq(p+)p 1853 645 |
| | 17824 | V 1870 645 V 289 w Fw(2214)p 2165 645 V 152 w(\001)2350 |
| | 17825 | 576 y Fl(+)p 2511 645 V 2658 613 a Fq(Delta+)p 3109 645 |
| | 17826 | V 665 765 V 960 765 V 1307 765 V 1853 765 V 1870 765 |
| | 17827 | V 1921 733 a Fw(2224)p 2165 765 V 125 w(\001)2323 697 |
| | 17828 | y Fl(++)p 2511 765 V 2632 733 a Fq(Delta++)p 3109 765 |
| | 17829 | V 665 886 V 717 853 a Fw(3112)p 960 886 V 157 w(\006)1140 |
| | 17830 | 817 y Fk(\000)p 1307 886 V 1428 853 a Fq(Sigma-)p 1853 |
| | 17831 | 886 V 1870 886 V 187 w Fw(3114)p 2165 886 V 140 w(\006)2327 |
| | 17832 | 817 y Fk(\003\000)p 2511 886 V 2632 853 a Fq(Sigma*-)p |
| | 17833 | 3109 886 V 665 1006 V 717 974 a Fw(3122)p 960 1006 V |
| | 17834 | 169 w(\003)1150 938 y Fl(0)p 1307 1006 V 1402 974 a Fq(Lambda0)p |
| | 17835 | 1853 1006 V 1870 1006 V 2165 1006 V 2511 1006 V 3109 |
| | 17836 | 1006 V 665 1127 V 717 1094 a Fw(3212)p 960 1127 V 167 |
| | 17837 | w(\006)1150 1058 y Fl(0)p 1307 1127 V 1428 1094 a Fq(Sigma0)p |
| | 17838 | 1853 1127 V 1870 1127 V 187 w Fw(3214)p 2165 1127 V 150 |
| | 17839 | w(\006)2337 1058 y Fk(\003)p Fl(0)p 2511 1127 V 2632 |
| | 17840 | 1094 a Fq(Sigma*0)p 3109 1127 V 665 1247 V 717 1214 a |
| | 17841 | Fw(3222)p 960 1247 V 157 w(\006)1140 1178 y Fl(+)p 1307 |
| | 17842 | 1247 V 1428 1214 a Fq(Sigma+)p 1853 1247 V 1870 1247 |
| | 17843 | V 187 w Fw(3224)p 2165 1247 V 140 w(\006)2327 1178 y |
| | 17844 | Fk(\003)p Fl(+)p 2511 1247 V 2632 1214 a Fq(Sigma*+)p |
| | 17845 | 3109 1247 V 665 1367 V 717 1335 a Fw(3312)p 960 1367 |
| | 17846 | V 160 w(\004)1138 1299 y Fk(\000)p 1307 1367 V 1505 1335 |
| | 17847 | a Fq(Xi-)p 1853 1367 V 1870 1367 V 263 w Fw(3314)p 2165 |
| | 17848 | 1367 V 143 w(\004)2325 1299 y Fk(\003\000)p 2511 1367 |
| | 17849 | V 2709 1335 a Fq(Xi*-)p 3109 1367 V 665 1488 V 717 1455 |
| | 17850 | a Fw(3322)p 960 1488 V 170 w(\004)1148 1419 y Fl(0)p |
| | 17851 | 1307 1488 V 1505 1455 a Fq(Xi0)p 1853 1488 V 1870 1488 |
| | 17852 | V 263 w Fw(3324)p 2165 1488 V 153 w(\004)2335 1419 y |
| | 17853 | Fk(\003)p Fl(0)p 2511 1488 V 2709 1455 a Fq(Xi*0)p 3109 |
| | 17854 | 1488 V 665 1608 V 960 1608 V 1307 1608 V 1853 1608 V |
| | 17855 | 1870 1608 V 1921 1576 a Fw(3334)p 2165 1608 V 158 w(\012)2345 |
| | 17856 | 1539 y Fk(\000)p 2511 1608 V 2658 1576 a Fq(Omega-)p |
| | 17857 | 3109 1608 V 665 1728 V 717 1696 a Fw(4112)p 960 1728 |
| | 17858 | V 167 w(\006)1150 1660 y Fl(0)1150 1721 y(c)p 1307 1728 |
| | 17859 | V 1384 1696 a Fq(Sigma)p 1645 1696 31 4 v 38 w(c0)p 1853 |
| | 17860 | 1728 4 121 v 1870 1728 V 142 w Fw(4114)p 2165 1728 V |
| | 17861 | 150 w(\006)2337 1660 y Fk(\003)p Fl(0)2337 1721 y(c)p |
| | 17862 | 2511 1728 V 2588 1696 a Fq(Sigma*)p 2900 1696 31 4 v |
| | 17863 | 38 w(c0)p 3109 1728 4 121 v 665 1849 V 717 1816 a Fw(4122)p |
| | 17864 | 960 1849 V 159 w(\003)1140 1780 y Fl(+)1140 1841 y(c)p |
| | 17865 | 1307 1849 V 1358 1816 a Fq(Lambda)p 1670 1816 31 4 v |
| | 17866 | 39 w(c+)p 1853 1849 4 121 v 1870 1849 V 2165 1849 V 2511 |
| | 17867 | 1849 V 3109 1849 V 665 1969 V 717 1937 a Fw(4212)p 960 |
| | 17868 | 1969 V 157 w(\006)1140 1901 y Fl(+)1140 1961 y(c)p 1307 |
| | 17869 | 1969 V 1384 1937 a Fq(Sigma)p 1645 1937 31 4 v 38 w(c+)p |
| | 17870 | 1853 1969 4 121 v 1870 1969 V 142 w Fw(4214)p 2165 1969 |
| | 17871 | V 140 w(\006)2327 1901 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)2327 1961 y(c)p |
| | 17872 | 2511 1969 V 2588 1937 a Fq(Sigma*)p 2900 1937 31 4 v |
| | 17873 | 38 w(c+)p 3109 1969 4 121 v 665 2090 V 717 2057 a Fw(4222)p |
| | 17874 | 960 2090 V 130 w(\006)1113 2021 y Fl(++)1113 2082 y(c)p |
| | 17875 | 1307 2090 V 1358 2057 a Fq(Sigma)p 1619 2057 31 4 v 38 |
| | 17876 | w(c++)p 1853 2090 4 121 v 1870 2090 V 117 w Fw(4224)p |
| | 17877 | 2165 2090 V 113 w(\006)2300 2021 y Fk(\003)p Fl(++)2300 |
| | 17878 | 2082 y(c)p 2511 2090 V 2562 2057 a Fq(Sigma*)p 2874 2057 |
| | 17879 | 31 4 v 39 w(c++)p 3109 2090 4 121 v 665 2210 V 717 2177 |
| | 17880 | a Fw(4132)p 960 2210 V 170 w(\004)1148 2141 y Fl(0)1148 |
| | 17881 | 2202 y(c)p 1307 2210 V 1461 2177 a Fq(Xi)p 1569 2177 |
| | 17882 | 31 4 v 37 w(c0)p 1853 2210 4 121 v 1870 2210 V 2165 2210 |
| | 17883 | V 2511 2210 V 3109 2210 V 665 2330 V 717 2298 a Fw(4312)p |
| | 17884 | 960 2330 V 160 w(\004)1138 2262 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1138 2322 |
| | 17885 | y(c)p 1307 2330 V 1435 2298 a Fq(Xi')p 1594 2298 31 4 |
| | 17886 | v 38 w(c0)p 1853 2330 4 121 v 1870 2330 V 193 w Fw(4314)p |
| | 17887 | 2165 2330 V 153 w(\004)2335 2262 y Fk(\003)p Fl(0)2335 |
| | 17888 | 2322 y(c)p 2511 2330 V 2665 2298 a Fq(Xi*)p 2824 2298 |
| | 17889 | 31 4 v 38 w(c0)p 3109 2330 4 121 v 665 2451 V 717 2418 |
| | 17890 | a Fw(4232)p 960 2451 V 160 w(\004)1138 2382 y Fl(+)1138 |
| | 17891 | 2443 y(c)p 1307 2451 V 1461 2418 a Fq(Xi)p 1569 2418 |
| | 17892 | 31 4 v 37 w(c+)p 1853 2451 4 121 v 1870 2451 V 2165 2451 |
| | 17893 | V 2511 2451 V 3109 2451 V 665 2571 V 717 2539 a Fw(4322)p |
| | 17894 | 960 2571 V 151 w(\004)1129 2502 y Fk(0)p Fl(+)1129 2563 |
| | 17895 | y(c)p 1307 2571 V 1435 2539 a Fq(Xi')p 1594 2539 31 4 |
| | 17896 | v 38 w(c+)p 1853 2571 4 121 v 1870 2571 V 193 w Fw(4324)p |
| | 17897 | 2165 2571 V 143 w(\004)2325 2502 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)2325 |
| | 17898 | 2563 y(c)p 2511 2571 V 2665 2539 a Fq(Xi*)p 2824 2539 |
| | 17899 | 31 4 v 38 w(c+)p 3109 2571 4 121 v 665 2692 V 717 2659 |
| | 17900 | a Fw(4332)p 960 2692 V 167 w(\012)1150 2623 y Fl(0)1150 |
| | 17901 | 2684 y(c)p 1307 2692 V 1384 2659 a Fq(Omega)p 1645 2659 |
| | 17902 | 31 4 v 38 w(c0)p 1853 2692 4 121 v 1870 2692 V 142 w |
| | 17903 | Fw(4334)p 2165 2692 V 150 w(\012)2337 2623 y Fk(\003)p |
| | 17904 | Fl(0)2337 2684 y(c)p 2511 2692 V 2588 2659 a Fq(Omega*)p |
| | 17905 | 2900 2659 31 4 v 38 w(c0)p 3109 2692 4 121 v 665 2812 |
| | 17906 | V 717 2779 a Fw(5112)p 960 2812 V 157 w(\006)1140 2738 |
| | 17907 | y Fk(\000)1140 2804 y Fl(b)p 1307 2812 V 1384 2779 a |
| | 17908 | Fq(Sigma)p 1645 2779 31 4 v 38 w(b-)p 1853 2812 4 121 |
| | 17909 | v 1870 2812 V 142 w Fw(5114)p 2165 2812 V 140 w(\006)2327 |
| | 17910 | 2738 y Fk(\003\000)2327 2804 y Fl(b)p 2511 2812 V 2588 |
| | 17911 | 2779 a Fq(Sigma*)p 2900 2779 31 4 v 38 w(b-)p 3109 2812 |
| | 17912 | 4 121 v 665 2932 V 717 2900 a Fw(5122)p 960 2932 V 167 |
| | 17913 | w(\003)1148 2864 y Fl(0)1148 2924 y(b)p 1307 2932 V 1358 |
| | 17914 | 2900 a Fq(Lambda)p 1670 2900 31 4 v 39 w(b0)p 1853 2932 |
| | 17915 | 4 121 v 1870 2932 V 2165 2932 V 2511 2932 V 3109 2932 |
| | 17916 | V 665 3053 V 717 3020 a Fw(5212)p 960 3053 V 165 w(\006)1148 |
| | 17917 | 2984 y Fl(0)1148 3045 y(b)p 1307 3053 V 1384 3020 a Fq(Sigma)p |
| | 17918 | 1645 3020 31 4 v 38 w(b0)p 1853 3053 4 121 v 1870 3053 |
| | 17919 | V 142 w Fw(5214)p 2165 3053 V 150 w(\006)2337 2984 y |
| | 17920 | Fk(\003)p Fl(0)2337 3045 y(b)p 2511 3053 V 2588 3020 |
| | 17921 | a Fq(Sigma*)p 2900 3020 31 4 v 38 w(b0)p 3109 3053 4 |
| | 17922 | 121 v 665 3173 V 717 3141 a Fw(5222)p 960 3173 V 157 |
| | 17923 | w(\006)1140 3099 y Fl(+)1140 3166 y(b)p 1307 3173 V 1384 |
| | 17924 | 3141 a Fq(Sigma)p 1645 3141 31 4 v 38 w(b+)p 1853 3173 |
| | 17925 | 4 121 v 1870 3173 V 142 w Fw(5224)p 2165 3173 V 140 w(\006)2327 |
| | 17926 | 3099 y Fk(\003)p Fl(+)2327 3166 y(b)p 2511 3173 V 2588 |
| | 17927 | 3141 a Fq(Sigma*)p 2900 3141 31 4 v 38 w(b+)p 3109 3173 |
| | 17928 | 4 121 v 667 3176 2445 4 v 0 3447 a Fw(to)g(the)i(g)q(.)47 |
| | 17929 | b(This)34 b(assignmen)m(t)g(seldom)f(agrees)h(with)g(the)g(visual)f |
| | 17930 | (impression,)g(and)h(is)f(not)h(in)m(tended)0 3555 y(to.)146 |
| | 17931 | 3663 y(The)f(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)h Fq(LUJETS)i Fw(has)f(expanded)h |
| | 17932 | (with)e(time,)g(and)g(can)h(no)m(w)g(house)g(4000)f(en)m(tries.)0 |
| | 17933 | 3772 y(This)49 b(\014gure)g(ma)m(y)f(seem)i(ridiculously)c(large,)52 |
| | 17934 | b(but)d(actually)e(the)i(previous)g(limit)d(of)i(2000)g(w)m(as)0 |
| | 17935 | 3880 y(often)38 b(reac)m(hed)h(in)e(studies)h(of)g(high-)p |
| | 17936 | Fj(p)1446 3895 y Fk(?)1541 3880 y Fw(pro)s(cesses)i(at)e(the)g(LHC)g |
| | 17937 | (and)g(SSC.)h(This)f(is)f(b)s(ecause)i(the)0 3988 y(ev)m(en)m(t)g |
| | 17938 | (record)f(con)m(tains)g(not)f(only)g(the)h(\014nal)f(particles,)h(but)f |
| | 17939 | (also)g(all)e(in)m(termediate)i(partons)g(and)0 4097 |
| | 17940 | y(hadrons,)30 b(whic)m(h)f(subsequen)m(t)m(y)k(sho)m(w)m(ered,)f |
| | 17941 | (fragmen)m(ted)c(or)h(deca)m(y)m(ed.)44 b(Included)30 |
| | 17942 | b(are)e(also)g(a)g(w)m(ealth)0 4205 y(of)42 b(photons)h(coming)e(from)h |
| | 17943 | Fj(\031)1146 4169 y Fl(0)1228 4205 y Fw(deca)m(ys;)49 |
| | 17944 | b(the)43 b(simplest)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(of)e(reducing)g(the)i(size)e(of)h |
| | 17945 | (the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)1162 4543 y(T)-8 b(able)33 b(10:)43 |
| | 17946 | b(Di\013ractiv)m(e)31 b(state)i(co)s(des.)p 889 4659 |
| | 17947 | 2002 4 v 887 4780 4 121 v 967 4747 a(KF)p 1182 4780 V |
| | 17948 | 191 w(Prin)m(ted)p 1729 4780 V 511 w(Meaning)p 2887 4780 |
| | 17949 | V 889 4783 2002 4 v 887 4903 4 121 v 963 4871 a(110)p |
| | 17950 | 1182 4903 V 124 w Fq(rho)p 1393 4871 31 4 v 37 w(diff0)p |
| | 17951 | 1729 4903 4 121 v 101 w Fw(Di\013ractiv)m(e)e Fj(\031)2317 |
| | 17952 | 4835 y Fl(0)2357 4871 y Fj(=\032)2456 4835 y Fl(0)2495 |
| | 17953 | 4871 y Fj(=\015)38 b Fw(state)p 2887 4903 V 887 5024 |
| | 17954 | V 963 4991 a(210)p 1182 5024 V 124 w Fq(pi)p 1342 4991 |
| | 17955 | 31 4 v 37 w(diffr+)p 1729 5024 4 121 v 213 w Fw(Di\013ractiv)m(e)31 |
| | 17956 | b Fj(\031)2429 4955 y Fl(+)2521 4991 y Fw(state)p 2887 |
| | 17957 | 5024 V 887 5144 V 963 5111 a(220)p 1182 5144 V 124 w |
| | 17958 | Fq(omega)p 1495 5111 31 4 v 38 w(di0)p 1729 5144 4 121 |
| | 17959 | v 239 w Fw(Di\013ractiv)m(e)g Fj(!)36 b Fw(state)p 2887 |
| | 17960 | 5144 V 887 5264 V 963 5232 a(330)p 1182 5264 V 124 w |
| | 17961 | Fq(phi)p 1393 5232 31 4 v 37 w(diff0)p 1729 5264 4 121 |
| | 17962 | v 243 w Fw(Di\013ractiv)m(e)31 b Fj(\036)i Fw(state)p |
| | 17963 | 2887 5264 V 887 5385 V 963 5352 a(440)p 1182 5385 V 124 |
| | 17964 | w Fq(J/psi)p 1495 5352 31 4 v 38 w(di0)p 1729 5385 4 |
| | 17965 | 121 v 188 w Fw(Di\013ractiv)m(e)e(J)p Fj(= )37 b Fw(state)p |
| | 17966 | 2887 5385 V 887 5505 V 939 5473 a(2110)p 1182 5505 V |
| | 17967 | 150 w Fq(n)p 1342 5473 31 4 v 37 w(diffr)p 1729 5505 |
| | 17968 | 4 121 v 296 w Fw(Di\013ractiv)m(e)31 b(n)i(state)p 2887 |
| | 17969 | 5505 V 887 5626 V 939 5593 a(2210)p 1182 5626 V 124 w |
| | 17970 | Fq(p)p 1316 5593 31 4 v 37 w(diffr+)p 1729 5626 4 121 |
| | 17971 | v 271 w Fw(Di\013ractiv)m(e)e(p)i(state)p 2887 5626 V |
| | 17972 | 889 5629 2002 4 v 1841 5953 a(58)p eop |
| | 17973 | %%Page: 59 65 |
| | 17974 | 59 64 bop 0 -18 a Fw(record)41 b(is)f(actually)g(to)g(switc)m(h)i |
| | 17975 | (o\013)e Fj(\031)1434 -55 y Fl(0)1514 -18 y Fw(deca)m(ys)i(b)m(y)h |
| | 17976 | Fq(MDCY\(LUCOMP\(111\),1\)=0)p Fw(.)74 b(Also)40 b(note)h(that)0 |
| | 17977 | 90 y(some)32 b(routines,)h(suc)m(h)h(as)e Fq(LUCLUS)j |
| | 17978 | Fw(and)d Fq(LUCELL)p Fw(,)i(use)g(memory)d(after)h(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i |
| | 17979 | (record)e(prop)s(er)f(as)0 198 y(a)g(w)m(orking)h(area.)43 |
| | 17980 | b(Still,)30 b(to)i(c)m(hange)i(the)f(size)g(of)f(the)h(common)e(blo)s |
| | 17981 | (c)m(k,)h(up)m(w)m(ards)j(or)d(do)m(wn)m(w)m(ards,)j(is)0 |
| | 17982 | 307 y(easy:)40 b(just)25 b(do)e(a)h(global)e(substitute)i(in)f(the)i |
| | 17983 | (common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)i(and)g(c)m(hange)h(the)f Fq(MSTU\(4\))i |
| | 17984 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue)23 b(to)h(the)0 415 y(new)35 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)49 |
| | 17985 | b(If)34 b(more)g(than)g(10000)f(lines)g(are)i(to)e(b)s(e)i(used,)h(the) |
| | 17986 | e(pac)m(king)h(of)e(colour)h(information)0 523 y(should)e(also)g(b)s(e) |
| | 17987 | h(c)m(hanged,)h(see)f Fq(MSTU\(5\))p Fw(.)p 0 668 2466 |
| | 17988 | 9 v 0 892 9 225 v 79 808 a Fq(COMMON/LUJETS/N,K\(4000,5)q(\),P\()q |
| | 17989 | (4000)q(,5\),)q(V\(4)q(000,)q(5\))p 2457 892 V 0 900 |
| | 17990 | 2466 9 v 0 1057 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)34 b(con)m(tain)g(the)h(ev) |
| | 17991 | m(en)m(t)h(record,)f(i.e.)49 b(the)34 b(complete)g(list)f(of)h(all)e |
| | 17992 | (partons)j(and)f(particles)472 1166 y(in)e(the)h(curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m |
| | 17993 | (t.)0 1274 y Fq(N)52 b(:)318 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)38 |
| | 17994 | b(of)g(lines)e(in)h(the)h Fq(K)p Fw(,)g Fq(P)g Fw(and)f |
| | 17995 | Fq(V)h Fw(matrices)f(o)s(ccupied)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m |
| | 17996 | (t.)60 b Fq(N)472 1382 y Fw(is)32 b(con)m(tin)m(uously)g(up)s(dated)g |
| | 17997 | (as)g(the)g(de\014nition)f(of)g(the)i(original)28 b(con\014guration)j |
| | 17998 | (and)h(the)472 1491 y(treatmen)m(t)26 b(of)f(fragmen)m(tation)e(and)i |
| | 17999 | (deca)m(y)i(pro)s(ceed.)42 b(In)26 b(the)f(follo)m(wing,)f(the)i |
| | 18000 | (individual)472 1599 y(parton/particle)31 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)i(running) |
| | 18001 | f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(1)d(and)h Fq(N)p Fw(,)g(is)f(called)f |
| | 18002 | Fq(I)p Fw(.)0 1707 y Fq(K\(I,1\))53 b(:)62 b Fw(status)30 |
| | 18003 | b(co)s(de)f(KS,)g(whic)m(h)g(giv)m(es)h(the)f(curren)m(t)h(status)f(of) |
| | 18004 | g(the)g(parton/particle)e(stored)i(in)472 1816 y(the)36 |
| | 18005 | b(line.)48 b(The)35 b(ground)g(rule)f(is)g(that)h(co)s(des)g(1{10)f |
| | 18006 | (corresp)s(ond)h(to)g(curren)m(tly)g(existing)472 1924 |
| | 18007 | y(partons/particles,)27 b(while)e(larger)f(co)s(des)j(con)m(tain)e |
| | 18008 | (partons/particles)g(whic)m(h)i(no)e(longer)472 2032 |
| | 18009 | y(exist,)33 b(or)g(other)f(kinds)h(of)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(information.)236 |
| | 18010 | 2141 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(empt)m(y)33 b(line.)236 |
| | 18011 | 2249 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(an)36 b(undeca)m(y)m(ed)j(particle)c |
| | 18012 | (or)i(an)f(unfragmen)m(ted)h(jet,)g(the)g(latter)f(b)s(eing)f(either)i |
| | 18013 | (a)709 2357 y(single)31 b(jet)i(or)f(the)h(last)f(one)h(of)f(a)g(jet)h |
| | 18014 | (system.)236 2466 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(an)33 b(unfragmen)m(ted)h |
| | 18015 | (jet,)g(whic)m(h)g(is)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)i(more)d(jets)j(in)d |
| | 18016 | (the)i(same)g(colour-)709 2574 y(singlet)d(jet)i(system.)236 |
| | 18017 | 2682 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(an)22 b(unfragmen)m(ted)g(jet)g(with)g |
| | 18018 | (sp)s(ecial)f(colour)g(\015o)m(w)i(information)c(stored)k(in)e |
| | 18019 | Fq(K\(I,4\))709 2791 y Fw(and)31 b Fq(K\(I,5\))p Fw(,)i(suc)m(h)f(that) |
| | 18020 | f(adjacen)m(t)h(partons)f(along)f(the)i(string)e(need)i(not)f(follo)m |
| | 18021 | (w)709 2899 y(eac)m(h)i(other)g(in)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record.)236 |
| | 18022 | 3007 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(a)47 b(particle)g(whic)m(h)i(could)e |
| | 18023 | (ha)m(v)m(e)j(deca)m(y)m(ed,)k(but)48 b(did)g(not)g(within)f(the)h |
| | 18024 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)709 3116 y(v)m(olume)32 b(around)g(the)h(original)d(v)m |
| | 18025 | (ertex.)236 3224 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(a)34 b(particle)f(whic)m(h) |
| | 18026 | i(is)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(forced)g(to)f(deca)m(y)i(in)e(the)h(next)h |
| | 18027 | Fq(LUEXEC)g Fw(call,)d(in)h(the)709 3332 y(v)m(ertex)g(p)s(osition)d |
| | 18028 | (giv)m(en)i(\(this)f(co)s(de)h(is)f(only)g(set)h(b)m(y)h(user)f(in)m |
| | 18029 | (terv)m(en)m(tion\).)236 3441 y Fq(=)52 b(11)g(:)165 |
| | 18030 | b Fw(a)28 b(deca)m(y)m(ed)k(particle)27 b(or)i(a)g(fragmen)m(ted)f |
| | 18031 | (jet,)i(the)g(latter)e(b)s(eing)g(either)h(a)f(single)g(jet)709 |
| | 18032 | 3549 y(or)k(the)h(last)f(one)h(of)f(a)g(jet)h(system,)g(cf.)44 |
| | 18033 | b Fq(=1)p Fw(.)236 3657 y Fq(=)52 b(12)g(:)165 b Fw(a)23 |
| | 18034 | b(fragmen)m(ted)h(jet,)i(whic)m(h)e(is)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)f(b)m(y)i(more) |
| | 18035 | e(jets)i(in)e(the)h(same)g(colour-singlet)709 3766 y(jet)29 |
| | 18036 | b(system,)i(cf.)43 b Fq(=2)p Fw(.)g(F)-8 b(urther,)30 |
| | 18037 | b(a)f(B)h(meson)f(whic)m(h)h(deca)m(y)m(ed)i(as)e(a)p |
| | 18038 | 3196 3688 70 4 v 29 w(B)g(one,)g(or)f(vice)709 3874 y(v)m(ersa,)i(b)s |
| | 18039 | (ecause)h(of)d(B{)p 1568 3796 V(B)h(mixing,)f(is)g(mark)m(ed)h(with)g |
| | 18040 | (this)f(co)s(de)i(rather)f(than)g Fq(=11)p Fw(.)236 3982 |
| | 18041 | y Fq(=)52 b(13)g(:)165 b Fw(a)35 b(jet)h(whic)m(h)h(has)f(b)s(een)h |
| | 18042 | (remo)m(v)m(ed)g(when)g(sp)s(ecial)e(colour)g(\015o)m(w)h(information)d |
| | 18043 | (has)709 4091 y(b)s(een)g(used)h(to)e(rearrange)h(a)f(jet)g(system,)i |
| | 18044 | (cf.)44 b Fq(=3)p Fw(.)236 4199 y Fq(=)52 b(14)g(:)165 |
| | 18045 | b Fw(a)38 b(parton)h(whic)m(h)g(has)g(branc)m(hed)i(in)m(to)d(further)h |
| | 18046 | (partons,)i(with)d(sp)s(ecial)g(colour-)709 4307 y(\015o)m(w)33 |
| | 18047 | b(information)c(pro)m(vided,)k(cf.)44 b Fq(=3)p Fw(.)236 |
| | 18048 | 4416 y Fq(=)52 b(15)g(:)165 b Fw(a)32 b(particle)f(whic)m(h)i(has)g(b)s |
| | 18049 | (een)h(forced)f(to)f(deca)m(y)i(\(b)m(y)f(user)h(in)m(terv)m(en)m |
| | 18050 | (tion\),)f(cf.)43 b Fq(=5)p Fw(.)236 4524 y Fq(=)52 b(21)g(:)165 |
| | 18051 | b Fw(do)s(cumen)m(tation)32 b(lines)g(used)i(to)e(giv)m(e)h(a)g |
| | 18052 | (compressed)h(story)f(of)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(at)d(the)709 |
| | 18053 | 4632 y(b)s(eginning)f(of)h(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record.)236 |
| | 18054 | 4741 y Fq(=)52 b(31)g(:)165 b Fw(lines)31 b(with)i(information)c(on)j |
| | 18055 | (sphericit)m(y)-8 b(,)33 b(thrust)h(or)e(cluster)h(searc)m(h.)236 |
| | 18056 | 4849 y Fq(=)52 b(32)g(:)165 b Fw(tabular)31 b(output,)i(as)g(generated) |
| | 18057 | g(b)m(y)i Fq(LUTABU)p Fw(.)236 4958 y Fq(=)52 b(41)g(:)165 |
| | 18058 | b Fw(junction)32 b(\(curren)m(tly)h(not)f(fully)g(implemen)m(ted\).)236 |
| | 18059 | 5066 y Fq(<)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(these)45 b(co)s(des)g(are)f(nev)m(er)h |
| | 18060 | (used)h(b)m(y)e(the)h(program,)g(and)g(are)f(therefore)g(usually)709 |
| | 18061 | 5174 y(not)c(a\013ected)i(b)m(y)g(op)s(erations)e(on)h(the)g(record,)j |
| | 18062 | (suc)m(h)e(as)f Fq(LUROBO)p Fw(,)i Fq(LULIST)f Fw(and)709 |
| | 18063 | 5283 y(ev)m(en)m(t-analysis)36 b(routines)g(\(the)g(exception)h(is)e |
| | 18064 | (some)h Fq(LUEDIT)i Fw(calls,)d(where)i(lines)709 5391 |
| | 18065 | y(are)30 b(mo)m(v)m(ed)i(but)f(not)g(deleted\).)43 b(Suc)m(h)32 |
| | 18066 | b(co)s(des)g(ma)m(y)e(therefore)i(b)s(e)f(useful)g(in)f(some)709 |
| | 18067 | 5499 y(connections.)0 5608 y Fq(K\(I,2\))53 b(:)62 b |
| | 18068 | Fw(parton/particle)31 b(KF)h(co)s(de,)h(as)g(describ)s(ed)g(in)f |
| | 18069 | (section)h(5.1.)1841 5953 y(59)p eop |
| | 18070 | %%Page: 60 66 |
| | 18071 | 60 65 bop 0 -18 a Fq(K\(I,3\))53 b(:)62 b Fw(line)28 |
| | 18072 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(paren)m(t)i(particle)d(or)i(jet,)g(where)h |
| | 18073 | (kno)m(wn,)h(otherwise)f(0.)42 b(Note)28 b(that)h(the)472 |
| | 18074 | 90 y(assignmen)m(t)j(of)g(a)f(particle)g(to)g(a)h(giv)m(en)g(jet)g(in)f |
| | 18075 | (a)h(jet)f(system)i(is)f(unph)m(ysical,)g(and)g(what)472 |
| | 18076 | 198 y(is)h(giv)m(en)f(there)i(is)e(only)g(related)g(to)g(the)h(w)m(a)m |
| | 18077 | (y)h(the)f(ev)m(en)m(t)h(w)m(as)g(generated.)0 307 y |
| | 18078 | Fq(K\(I,4\))53 b(:)62 b Fw(normally)25 b(the)i(line)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i |
| | 18079 | (of)f(the)h(\014rst)g(daugh)m(ter;)j(it)25 b(is)i(0)f(for)g(an)h |
| | 18080 | (undeca)m(y)m(ed)i(particle)472 415 y(or)k(unfragmen)m(ted)f(jet.)472 |
| | 18081 | 523 y(F)-8 b(or)26 b Fq(K\(I,1\))53 b(=)e(3,)h(13)27 |
| | 18082 | b Fw(or)f Fq(14)p Fw(,)j(instead,)e(it)f(con)m(tains)g(sp)s(ecial)g |
| | 18083 | (colour-\015o)m(w)g(information)472 632 y(\(for)32 b(in)m(ternal)g(use) |
| | 18084 | h(only\))f(of)g(the)h(form)472 740 y Fq(K\(I,4\))i Fw(=)d |
| | 18085 | (200000000*MCFR)e(+)j(100000000*MCTO)e(+)i(10000*ICFR)e(+)h(ICTO,)472 |
| | 18086 | 848 y(where)38 b(ICFR)f(and)g(ICTO)h(giv)m(e)e(the)i(line)d(n)m(um)m(b) |
| | 18087 | s(ers)j(of)e(the)h(partons)g(from)f(whic)m(h)h(the)472 |
| | 18088 | 957 y(colour)31 b(comes)g(and)g(to)f(where)j(it)d(go)s(es,)h(resp)s |
| | 18089 | (ectiv)m(ely;)i(MCFR)e(and)g(MCTO)h(originally)472 1065 |
| | 18090 | y(are)23 b(0)f(and)h(are)f(set)h(to)g(1)f(when)h(the)g(corresp)s |
| | 18091 | (onding)g(colour)e(connection)i(has)g(b)s(een)g(traced)472 |
| | 18092 | 1173 y(in)36 b(the)g Fq(LUPREP)h Fw(rearrangemen)m(t)f(pro)s(cedure.)55 |
| | 18093 | b(\(The)37 b(pac)m(king)f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)h(with)472 |
| | 18094 | 1282 y Fq(MSTU\(5\))p Fw(.\))58 b(The)37 b(`from')f(colour)g(p)s |
| | 18095 | (osition)e(ma)m(y)j(indicate)e(a)i(parton)f(whic)m(h)h(branc)m(hed)472 |
| | 18096 | 1390 y(to)e(pro)s(duce)h(the)g(curren)m(t)g(parton,)f(or)g(a)g(parton)g |
| | 18097 | (created)h(together)f(with)g(the)g(curren)m(t)472 1498 |
| | 18098 | y(parton)27 b(but)g(with)g(matc)m(hed)g(an)m(ticolour,)f(while)g(the)i |
| | 18099 | (`to')e(normally)f(indicates)h(a)h(parton)472 1607 y(that)38 |
| | 18100 | b(the)g(curren)m(t)h(parton)e(branc)m(hes)j(in)m(to.)58 |
| | 18101 | b(Th)m(us,)40 b(for)d(setting)h(up)g(an)f(initial)d(colour)472 |
| | 18102 | 1715 y(con\014guration,)40 b(it)e(is)g(normally)e(only)j(the)g(`from')f |
| | 18103 | (part)g(that)h(is)f(used,)k(while)37 b(the)j(`to')472 |
| | 18104 | 1823 y(part)33 b(is)f(added)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(program)e(in)h(a)g |
| | 18105 | (subsequen)m(t)k(call)31 b(to)h(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h(ev)m(olution)472 |
| | 18106 | 1932 y(\(for)28 b(\014nal-state)f(radiation;)h(it)f(is)h(the)h(other)f |
| | 18107 | (w)m(a)m(y)h(around)g(for)e(initial-state)e(radiation\).)472 |
| | 18108 | 2040 y Fo(Note:)69 b Fw(normally)43 b(most)i(users)h(nev)m(er)h(ha)m(v) |
| | 18109 | m(e)g(to)e(w)m(orry)h(ab)s(out)f(the)h(exact)g(rules)f(for)472 |
| | 18110 | 2148 y(colour-\015o)m(w)35 b(storage,)h(since)g(this)f(is)g(used)i |
| | 18111 | (mainly)c(for)i(in)m(ternal)g(purp)s(oses.)53 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)472 |
| | 18112 | 2257 y(when)36 b(it)d(is)h(necessary)j(to)d(de\014ne)i(this)e(\015o)m |
| | 18113 | (w,)i(it)d(is)h(recommended)h(to)f(use)h(the)g Fq(LUJOIN)472 |
| | 18114 | 2365 y Fw(routine,)f(since)g(it)f(is)g(lik)m(ely)g(that)h(this)f(w)m |
| | 18115 | (ould)h(reduce)h(the)f(c)m(hances)i(of)d(making)g(a)g(mis-)472 |
| | 18116 | 2473 y(tak)m(e.)0 2582 y Fq(K\(I,5\))53 b(:)62 b Fw(normally)26 |
| | 18117 | b(the)i(line)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(the)h(last)g(daugh)m(ter;)i(it)c |
| | 18118 | (is)i(0)f(for)h(an)f(undeca)m(y)m(ed)k(particle)472 2690 |
| | 18119 | y(or)i(unfragmen)m(ted)f(jet.)472 2798 y(F)-8 b(or)26 |
| | 18120 | b Fq(K\(I,1\))53 b(=)e(3,)h(13)27 b Fw(or)f Fq(14)p Fw(,)j(instead,)e |
| | 18121 | (it)f(con)m(tains)g(sp)s(ecial)g(colour-\015o)m(w)g(information)472 |
| | 18122 | 2907 y(\(for)32 b(in)m(ternal)g(use)h(only\))f(of)g(the)h(form)472 |
| | 18123 | 3015 y Fq(K\(I,5\))i Fw(=)d(200000000*MCFR)e(+)j(100000000*MCTO)e(+)i |
| | 18124 | (10000*ICFR)e(+)h(ICTO,)472 3123 y(where)38 b(ICFR)f(and)g(ICTO)h(giv)m |
| | 18125 | (e)e(the)i(line)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)j(of)e(the)h(partons)g(from)f(whic)m |
| | 18126 | (h)h(the)472 3232 y(an)m(ticolour)c(comes)i(and)f(to)g(where)i(it)d(go) |
| | 18127 | s(es,)i(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely;)i(MCFR)d(and)h(MCTO)g(orig-)472 |
| | 18128 | 3340 y(inally)40 b(are)i(0)f(and)h(are)g(set)g(to)f(1)h(when)h(the)f |
| | 18129 | (corresp)s(onding)f(colour)g(connection)h(has)472 3448 |
| | 18130 | y(b)s(een)e(traced)f(in)e(the)i Fq(LUPREP)h Fw(rearrangemen)m(t)f(pro)s |
| | 18131 | (cedure.)62 b(F)-8 b(or)37 b(further)i(discussion,)472 |
| | 18132 | 3557 y(see)34 b Fq(K\(I,4\))p Fw(.)0 3665 y Fq(P\(I,1\))53 |
| | 18133 | b(:)62 b Fj(p)521 3680 y Fh(x)565 3665 y Fw(,)33 b(momen)m(tum)e(in)h |
| | 18134 | (the)h Fj(x)g Fw(direction,)e(in)h(GeV/)p Fj(c)p Fw(.)0 |
| | 18135 | 3774 y Fq(P\(I,2\))53 b(:)62 b Fj(p)521 3789 y Fh(y)563 |
| | 18136 | 3774 y Fw(,)32 b(momen)m(tum)g(in)f(the)i Fj(y)j Fw(direction,)c(in)f |
| | 18137 | (GeV/)p Fj(c)p Fw(.)0 3882 y Fq(P\(I,3\))53 b(:)62 b |
| | 18138 | Fj(p)521 3897 y Fh(z)561 3882 y Fw(,)33 b(momen)m(tum)e(in)h(the)h |
| | 18139 | Fj(z)k Fw(direction,)32 b(in)f(GeV/)p Fj(c)p Fw(.)0 3990 |
| | 18140 | y Fq(P\(I,4\))53 b(:)62 b Fj(E)6 b Fw(,)33 b(energy)-8 |
| | 18141 | b(,)34 b(in)d(GeV.)0 4099 y Fq(P\(I,5\))53 b(:)62 b Fj(m)p |
| | 18142 | Fw(,)31 b(mass,)e(in)g(GeV/)p Fj(c)1273 4062 y Fl(2)1312 |
| | 18143 | 4099 y Fw(.)42 b(In)30 b(parton)e(sho)m(w)m(ers,)k(with)d(space-lik)m |
| | 18144 | (e)g(virtualities,)e(i.e.)42 b(where)472 4207 y Fj(Q)549 |
| | 18145 | 4171 y Fl(2)617 4207 y Fw(=)27 b Fn(\000)p Fj(m)882 4171 |
| | 18146 | y Fl(2)950 4207 y Fj(>)h Fw(0,)k(one)h(puts)g Fq(P\(I,5\))p |
| | 18147 | Fw(=)d Fn(\000)p Fj(Q)p Fw(.)0 4315 y Fq(V\(I,1\))53 |
| | 18148 | b(:)62 b Fj(x)33 b Fw(p)s(osition)e(of)h(pro)s(duction)g(v)m(ertex,)j |
| | 18149 | (in)c(mm.)0 4424 y Fq(V\(I,2\))53 b(:)62 b Fj(y)36 b |
| | 18150 | Fw(p)s(osition)31 b(of)h(pro)s(duction)g(v)m(ertex,)i(in)e(mm.)0 |
| | 18151 | 4532 y Fq(V\(I,3\))53 b(:)62 b Fj(z)38 b Fw(p)s(osition)30 |
| | 18152 | b(of)j(pro)s(duction)e(v)m(ertex,)k(in)d(mm.)0 4640 y |
| | 18153 | Fq(V\(I,4\))53 b(:)62 b Fw(time)32 b(of)g(pro)s(duction,)g(in)g(mm/)p |
| | 18154 | Fj(c)e Fw(\()p Fn(\031)e Fw(3)p Fj(:)p Fw(33)22 b Fn(\002)h |
| | 18155 | Fw(10)2265 4604 y Fk(\000)p Fl(12)2426 4640 y Fw(s\).)0 |
| | 18156 | 4749 y Fq(V\(I,5\))53 b(:)62 b Fw(prop)s(er)36 b(lifetime)d(of)i |
| | 18157 | (particle,)g(in)g(mm/)p Fj(c)f Fw(\()p Fn(\031)g Fw(3)p |
| | 18158 | Fj(:)p Fw(33)23 b Fn(\002)i Fw(10)2589 4712 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 18159 | Fl(12)2754 4749 y Fw(s\).)53 b(If)36 b(the)g(particle)e(is)i(not)472 |
| | 18160 | 4857 y(exp)s(ected)e(to)d(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)33 b Fq(V\(I,5\)=0)p |
| | 18161 | Fw(.)45 b(A)32 b(line)e(with)h Fq(K\(I,1\)=4)p Fw(,)j(i.e.)42 |
| | 18162 | b(a)32 b(particle)e(that)h(could)472 4965 y(ha)m(v)m(e)k(deca)m(y)m |
| | 18163 | (ed,)i(but)d(did)f(not)h(within)e(the)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(region,)g(has)i |
| | 18164 | (the)f(prop)s(er)f(non-zero)472 5074 y Fq(V\(I,5\))p |
| | 18165 | Fw(.)472 5182 y(In)i(the)h(absence)g(of)e(electric)g(or)g(magnetic)g |
| | 18166 | (\014elds,)h(or)g(other)g(disturbances,)h(the)f(deca)m(y)472 |
| | 18167 | 5290 y(v)m(ertex)g Fq(VP)e Fw(of)f(an)g(unstable)h(particle)e(ma)m(y)i |
| | 18168 | (b)s(e)g(calculated)e(as)472 5399 y Fq(VP\(j\))53 b(=)f(V\(I,j\))g(+)g |
| | 18169 | (V\(I,5\)*P\(I,j\)/P\(I,5\))p Fw(,)38 b Fq(j)33 b Fw(=)f(1{4.)1841 |
| | 18170 | 5953 y(60)p eop |
| | 18171 | %%Page: 61 67 |
| | 18172 | 61 66 bop 0 -18 a Fp(5.3)135 b(Ho)l(w)46 b(The)e(Ev)l(en)l(t)i(Record)g |
| | 18173 | (W)-11 b(orks)0 154 y Fw(The)28 b(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record)d(is)g(the)h |
| | 18174 | (main)e(rep)s(ository)h(for)g(information)d(ab)s(out)j(an)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 18175 | (t.)44 b(In)27 b(the)h(generation)0 263 y(c)m(hain,)38 |
| | 18176 | b(it)e(is)h(used)h(as)f(a)g(`scoreb)s(oard')g(for)g(what)g(has)h |
| | 18177 | (already)e(b)s(een)i(done)f(and)g(what)h(remains)e(to)0 |
| | 18178 | 371 y(b)s(e)g(done.)54 b(This)36 b(information)d(can)j(b)s(e)g(studied) |
| | 18179 | g(b)m(y)h(y)m(ou,)h(to)d(access)j(information)33 b(not)j(only)f(ab)s |
| | 18180 | (out)0 479 y(the)e(\014nal)f(state,)h(but)g(also)e(ab)s(out)h(what)h |
| | 18181 | (came)g(b)s(efore.)0 727 y Fo(5.3.1)112 b(A)37 b(simple)f(example)0 |
| | 18182 | 900 y Fw(The)27 b(example)g(of)f(section)g(3.5)g(ma)m(y)h(help)f(to)g |
| | 18183 | (clarify)f(what)i(is)f(going)f(on.)42 b(When)27 b Fq(LU2ENT)h |
| | 18184 | Fw(is)e(called)g(to)0 1008 y(generate)j(a)g(q)p 515 955 |
| | 18185 | 52 4 v(q)h(pair,)e(the)i(quarks)g(are)f(stored)g(in)f(lines)g(1)h(and)f |
| | 18186 | (2)h(of)f(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(record,)g(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 18187 | b(.)0 1116 y(Colour)43 b(information)e(is)j(set)g(to)g(sho)m(w)h(that)f |
| | 18188 | (they)h(b)s(elong)e(together)i(as)f(a)g(colour)f(singlet.)77 |
| | 18189 | b(The)0 1225 y(coun)m(ter)32 b Fq(N)f Fw(is)f(also)g(up)s(dated)i(to)e |
| | 18190 | (the)i(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)g(2.)43 b(A)m(t)31 b(no)g(stage)g(is)g(the)g |
| | 18191 | (previously)g(generated)h(ev)m(en)m(t)0 1333 y(remo)m(v)m(ed.)53 |
| | 18192 | b(Lines)35 b(1)g(and)h(2)f(are)g(o)m(v)m(erwritten,)i(but)f(lines)e(3)h |
| | 18193 | (on)m(w)m(ards)i(still)c(con)m(tain)i(whatev)m(er)i(ma)m(y)0 |
| | 18194 | 1441 y(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)f(there)g(b)s(efore.)60 b(This)39 |
| | 18195 | b(do)s(es)f(not)g(matter,)h(since)g Fq(N)g Fw(indicates)e(where)j(the)e |
| | 18196 | (`real')g(record)0 1550 y(ends.)146 1658 y(As)e Fq(LUEXEC)h |
| | 18197 | Fw(is)e(called,)h(explicitly)d(b)m(y)k(y)m(ou)f(or)f(indirectly)f(b)m |
| | 18198 | (y)k Fq(LU2ENT)p Fw(,)f(the)f(\014rst)g(en)m(try)h(is)e(con-)0 |
| | 18199 | 1766 y(sidered)29 b(and)f(found)g(to)f(b)s(e)i(the)f(\014rst)h(jet)f |
| | 18200 | (of)f(a)h(system.)43 b(Therefore)29 b(the)f(second)i(en)m(try)f(is)e |
| | 18201 | (also)g(found,)0 1875 y(and)h(these)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(together)g(form)e(a)h |
| | 18202 | (jet)h(system,)h(whic)m(h)f(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(to)h |
| | 18203 | (fragmen)m(t.)42 b(The)28 b(`string')0 1983 y(that)35 |
| | 18204 | b(fragmen)m(ts)f(is)g(put)h(in)f(line)g(3)g(and)h(the)h(fragmen)m |
| | 18205 | (tation)c(pro)s(ducts)k(in)e(lines)g(4)g(through)h(10)f(\(in)0 |
| | 18206 | 2091 y(this)g(particular)f(case\).)51 b(A)m(t)35 b(the)g(same)f(time,)g |
| | 18207 | (the)h(q)g(and)p 2192 2039 V 35 w(q)g(in)f(the)h(\014rst)g(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 18208 | (lines)e(are)g(mark)m(ed)h(as)0 2200 y(ha)m(ving)c(fragmen)m(ted,)g |
| | 18209 | (and)g(the)g(same)f(for)h(the)g(string.)42 b(A)m(t)31 |
| | 18210 | b(this)g(stage,)g Fq(N)g Fw(is)g(10.)42 b(In)m(ternally)30 |
| | 18211 | b(there)i(is)0 2308 y(another)k(coun)m(ter)h(with)f(the)g(v)-5 |
| | 18212 | b(alue)36 b(2,)h(whic)m(h)f(indicates)g(ho)m(w)g(far)g(do)m(wn)h(in)e |
| | 18213 | (the)i(record)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)0 2416 y(has)c(b)s(een)g(studied.)146 |
| | 18214 | 2525 y(This)23 b(second)g(coun)m(ter)g(is)f(gradually)e(increased)j(b)m |
| | 18215 | (y)g(one.)41 b(If)22 b(the)g(en)m(try)i(in)d(the)i(corresp)s(onding)f |
| | 18216 | (line)0 2633 y(can)g(fragmen)m(t)f(or)h(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)25 |
| | 18217 | b(then)d(fragmen)m(tation)e(or)i(deca)m(y)h(is)e(p)s(erfomed.)39 |
| | 18218 | b(The)23 b(fragmen)m(tation/deca)m(y)0 2741 y(pro)s(ducts)40 |
| | 18219 | b(are)g(added)h(at)e(the)h(end)g(of)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record,)i |
| | 18220 | (and)c Fq(N)h Fw(is)g(up)s(dated)g(accordingly)-8 b(.)64 |
| | 18221 | b(The)0 2850 y(en)m(try)30 b(is)f(then)h(also)e(mark)m(ed)h(as)h(ha)m |
| | 18222 | (ving)f(b)s(een)g(treated.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)29 b(instance,)h(when)g(line) |
| | 18223 | e(3)h(is)f(considered,)0 2958 y(the)g(`string')e(en)m(try)j(of)e(this)g |
| | 18224 | (line)e(is)i(seen)i(to)e(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)g(fragmen)m(ted,)h(and)e |
| | 18225 | (no)g(action)f(is)h(tak)m(en.)43 b(Line)0 3067 y(4,)d(a)e |
| | 18226 | Fj(\032)253 3030 y Fl(+)312 3067 y Fw(,)i(is)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g |
| | 18227 | (deca)m(y)h(to)g Fj(\031)1422 3030 y Fl(+)1480 3067 y |
| | 18228 | Fj(\031)1539 3030 y Fl(0)1579 3067 y Fw(;)i(the)e(deca)m(y)h(pro)s |
| | 18229 | (ducts)f(are)f(stored)h(in)f(lines)f(11)h(and)h(12,)0 |
| | 18230 | 3175 y(and)34 b(line)g(4)g(is)g(mark)m(ed)g(as)h(ha)m(ving)f(deca)m(y)m |
| | 18231 | (ed.)51 b(Next,)36 b(en)m(try)f(5)g(is)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(to)g(deca)m(y) |
| | 18232 | -8 b(.)50 b(The)36 b(en)m(try)f(in)0 3283 y(line)d(6,)g |
| | 18233 | Fj(\031)352 3247 y Fl(+)411 3283 y Fw(,)i(is)e(a)h(stable)f(particle)g |
| | 18234 | (\(b)m(y)i(default\))e(and)h(is)g(therefore)g(passed)h(b)m(y)g(without) |
| | 18235 | f(an)m(y)g(action)0 3392 y(b)s(eing)f(tak)m(en.)146 3500 |
| | 18236 | y(In)i(the)g(b)s(eginning)e(of)h(the)h(pro)s(cess,)h(en)m(tries)f(are)f |
| | 18237 | (usually)g(unstable,)h(and)f Fq(N)h Fw(gro)m(ws)g(faster)f(than)0 |
| | 18238 | 3608 y(the)j(second)h(coun)m(ter)g(of)f(treated)g(en)m(tries.)54 |
| | 18239 | b(Later)35 b(on,)i(an)f(increasing)f(fraction)f(of)i(the)g(en)m(tries)g |
| | 18240 | (are)0 3717 y(stable)42 b(end)i(pro)s(ducts,)h(and)e(the)g(r^)-49 |
| | 18241 | b(oles)42 b(are)h(no)m(w)g(rev)m(ersed,)48 b(with)42 |
| | 18242 | b(the)h(second)h(coun)m(ter)f(gro)m(wing)0 3825 y(faster.)53 |
| | 18243 | b(When)37 b(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)g(coincide,)g(the)g(end)g(of)g(the)g |
| | 18244 | (record)g(has)g(b)s(een)g(reac)m(hed,)i(and)e(the)g(pro)s(cess)0 |
| | 18245 | 3933 y(can)d(b)s(e)g(stopp)s(ed.)45 b(All)31 b(unstable)i(ob)5 |
| | 18246 | b(jects)34 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(no)m(w)f(b)s(een)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(to)g |
| | 18247 | (fragmen)m(t)g(or)h(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)45 b(They)0 4042 |
| | 18248 | y(are)33 b(still)d(presen)m(t)k(in)e(the)h(record,)g(so)g(as)g(to)f |
| | 18249 | (simplify)e(the)j(tracing)e(of)i(the)g(history)-8 b(.)146 |
| | 18250 | 4150 y(Notice)26 b(that)g Fq(LUEXEC)h Fw(could)f(w)m(ell)f(b)s(e)i |
| | 18251 | (called)d(a)i(second)i(time.)39 b(The)27 b(second)h(coun)m(ter)f(w)m |
| | 18252 | (ould)f(then)0 4258 y(start)41 b(all)d(o)m(v)m(er)k(from)d(the)i(b)s |
| | 18253 | (eginning,)g(but)g(slide)f(through)h(un)m(til)e(the)i(end)g(without)f |
| | 18254 | (causing)h(an)m(y)0 4367 y(action,)25 b(since)h(all)c(ob)5 |
| | 18255 | b(jects)26 b(that)f(can)f(b)s(e)h(treated)g(already)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s |
| | 18256 | (een.)41 b(Unless)26 b(some)e(of)g(the)i(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)0 |
| | 18257 | 4475 y(switc)m(hes)41 b(w)m(ere)f(c)m(hanged)g(mean)m(while,)g(that)f |
| | 18258 | (is.)62 b(F)-8 b(or)38 b(instance,)j(if)d Fj(\031)2643 |
| | 18259 | 4439 y Fl(0)2721 4475 y Fw(deca)m(ys)j(w)m(ere)g(switc)m(hed)f(o\013)0 |
| | 18260 | 4583 y(the)30 b(\014rst)g(time)e(around)i(but)f(on)h(the)g(second,)h |
| | 18261 | (all)d(the)h Fj(\031)2078 4547 y Fl(0)2118 4583 y Fw('s)h(found)f(in)g |
| | 18262 | (the)h(record)g(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)0 4692 |
| | 18263 | y(to)g(deca)m(y)i(in)e(the)i(second)g(call.)40 b(A)30 |
| | 18264 | b(particle)f(once)h(deca)m(y)m(ed)i(is)d(not)h(`undeca)m(y)m(ed',)j(ho) |
| | 18265 | m(w)m(ev)m(er,)g(so)c(if)g(the)0 4800 y Fj(\031)59 4764 |
| | 18266 | y Fl(0)131 4800 y Fw(is)j(put)h(bac)m(k)g(stable)g(and)f |
| | 18267 | Fq(LUEXEC)j Fw(is)d(called)f(a)h(third)g(time,)g(nothing)f(will)f(happ) |
| | 18268 | s(en.)0 5048 y Fo(5.3.2)112 b(Applications)36 b(to)h(PYTHIA)0 |
| | 18269 | 5220 y Fw(In)d(a)g(full-blo)m(wn)e(ev)m(en)m(t)k(generated)f(with)f |
| | 18270 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)g(the)h(usage)g(of)40 b Fq(LUJETS)c |
| | 18271 | Fw(is)e(more)f(complicated,)0 5329 y(although)g(the)h(general)f |
| | 18272 | (principles)g(surviv)m(e.)49 b Fq(LUJETS)35 b Fw(is)e(used)i(extensiv)m |
| | 18273 | (ely)h(b)s(oth)d(b)m(y)i(the)f Fm(Pythia)0 5437 y Fw(and)43 |
| | 18274 | b(the)f Fm(Jetset)g Fw(routines;)47 b(indeed)c(it)e(pro)m(vides)i(the)g |
| | 18275 | (bridge)f(that)g(allo)m(ws)g(the)h(general)e(utilit)m(y)0 |
| | 18276 | 5545 y(routines)32 b(in)g Fm(Jetset)f Fw(to)h(b)s(e)h(used)g(also)f |
| | 18277 | (for)f Fm(Pythia)i Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts.)46 b(The)33 b Fm(Pythia)g |
| | 18278 | Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)h(listing)c(b)s(egins)0 5654 y(\(optionally\))39 |
| | 18279 | b(with)j(a)g(few)h(lines)e(of)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(summary)-8 |
| | 18280 | b(,)44 b(sp)s(eci\014c)f(to)f(the)g(hard)g(pro)s(cess)i(sim)m(ulated) |
| | 18281 | 1841 5953 y(61)p eop |
| | 18282 | %%Page: 62 68 |
| | 18283 | 62 67 bop 0 -18 a Fw(and)41 b(th)m(us)i(not)e(describ)s(ed)h(in)f(the)h |
| | 18284 | (o)m(v)m(erview)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)71 b(These)43 b(sp)s(eci\014c)f |
| | 18285 | (parts)g(are)f(co)m(v)m(ered)i(in)e(the)0 90 y(follo)m(wing.)146 |
| | 18286 | 198 y(In)26 b(most)f(instances,)i(only)e(the)h(partons)f(and)g |
| | 18287 | (particles)g(actually)f(pro)s(duced)i(are)f(of)g(in)m(terest.)41 |
| | 18288 | b(F)-8 b(or)0 307 y Fq(MSTP\(125\)=0)p Fw(,)32 b(the)27 |
| | 18289 | b(ev)m(en)m(t)j(record)e(starts)g(o\013)f(with)g(the)h(parton)g |
| | 18290 | (con\014guration)e(existing)h(after)g(hard)0 415 y(in)m(teraction,)45 |
| | 18291 | b(initial-)39 b(and)k(\014nal-state)f(radiation,)i(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m |
| | 18292 | (teractions)h(and)i(b)s(eam)e(remnan)m(ts)0 523 y(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een) |
| | 18293 | g(considered.)76 b(The)45 b(partons)e(are)g(arranged)g(in)g(colour)f |
| | 18294 | (singlet)g(clusters,)k(ordered)e(as)0 632 y(required)30 |
| | 18295 | b(for)e(string)h(fragmen)m(tation.)41 b(Also)28 b(photons)i(and)f |
| | 18296 | (leptons)g(pro)s(duced)i(as)e(part)g(of)g(the)g(hard)0 |
| | 18297 | 740 y(in)m(teraction)39 b(\(e.g.)66 b(from)39 b(q)p 1037 |
| | 18298 | 687 52 4 v(q)i Fn(!)f Fw(g)q Fj(\015)45 b Fw(or)40 b(u)p |
| | 18299 | 1596 687 55 4 v(u)h Fn(!)f Fw(Z)1891 704 y Fl(0)1970 |
| | 18300 | 740 y Fn(!)g Fw(e)2153 704 y Fl(+)2213 740 y Fw(e)2256 |
| | 18301 | 704 y Fk(\000)2315 740 y Fw(\))g(app)s(ear)g(in)f(this)h(part)g(of)f |
| | 18302 | (the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)0 848 y(record.)i(These)30 b(original)c(en)m(tries)j |
| | 18303 | (app)s(ear)g(with)g(p)s(oin)m(ter)f Fq(K\(I,3\)=0)p Fw(,)k(whereas)e |
| | 18304 | (the)f(pro)s(ducts)h(of)e(the)0 957 y(subsequen)m(t)41 |
| | 18305 | b(fragmen)m(tation)c(and)h(deca)m(y)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g Fq(K\(I,3\))g |
| | 18306 | Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)f(p)s(oin)m(ting)e(bac)m(k)i(to)f(the)h(line)e(of)0 |
| | 18307 | 1065 y(the)c(paren)m(t.)146 1173 y(The)f(standard)e(do)s(cumen)m |
| | 18308 | (tation,)g(obtained)g(with)g Fq(MSTP\(125\)=1)p Fw(,)k(includes)c(a)g |
| | 18309 | (few)h(lines)e(at)h(the)0 1282 y(b)s(eginning)23 b(of)h(the)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 18310 | (t)j(record,)f(whic)m(h)f(con)m(tain)f(a)g(brief)g(summary)f(of)h(the)h |
| | 18311 | (pro)s(cess)h(that)e(has)g(tak)m(en)0 1390 y(place.)43 |
| | 18312 | b(The)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(lines)f(used)j(dep)s(ends)g(on)e(the) |
| | 18313 | h(nature)f(of)g(the)h(hard)f(pro)s(cess)i(and)e(is)g(stored)0 |
| | 18314 | 1498 y(in)e Fq(MSTI\(4\))i Fw(for)f(the)g(curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m(t.)44 |
| | 18315 | b(These)33 b(lines)d(all)e(ha)m(v)m(e)k Fq(K\(I,1\)=21)p |
| | 18316 | Fw(.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)29 b(all)g(pro)s(cesses,)k(lines)0 |
| | 18317 | 1607 y(1)e(and)g(2)f(giv)m(e)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(incoming)d(hadrons.)43 |
| | 18318 | b(When)32 b(listed)e(with)g Fq(LULIST)p Fw(,)j(these)f(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 18319 | (lines)e(will)e(b)s(e)0 1715 y(separated)36 b(from)f(subsequen)m(t)j |
| | 18320 | (ones)e(b)m(y)h(a)e(sequence)j(of)d(`)p Fq(======)p Fw(')i(signs,)f(to) |
| | 18321 | f(impro)m(v)m(e)g(readabilit)m(y)-8 b(.)0 1823 y(F)g(or)36 |
| | 18322 | b(di\013ractiv)m(e)h(and)g(elastic)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)41 |
| | 18323 | b(the)c(t)m(w)m(o)h(outgoing)d(states)j(in)f(lines)f(3)h(and)g(4)g |
| | 18324 | (complete)f(the)0 1932 y(list.)56 b(Otherwise,)40 b(lines)c(3)h(and)h |
| | 18325 | (4)f(con)m(tain)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(partons)f(that)h(initiate)c(the)k |
| | 18326 | (t)m(w)m(o)g(initial-state)0 2040 y(parton)k(sho)m(w)m(ers,)47 |
| | 18327 | b(and)42 b(5)g(and)g(6)g(the)g(end)h(pro)s(ducts)g(of)e(these)j(sho)m |
| | 18328 | (w)m(ers,)i(i.e.)72 b(the)42 b(partons)h(that)0 2148 |
| | 18329 | y(en)m(ter)f(the)f(hard)f(in)m(teraction.)67 b(With)40 |
| | 18330 | b(initial-state)d(radiation)h(switc)m(hed)k(o\013,)g(lines)e(3)g(and)h |
| | 18331 | (5)f(and)0 2257 y(lines)e(4)h(and)g(6)g(coincide.)62 |
| | 18332 | b(F)-8 b(or)39 b(a)f(simple)g(2)g Fn(!)h Fw(2)g(hard)g(scattering,)h |
| | 18333 | (lines)f(7)f(and)h(8)g(giv)m(e)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)0 2365 |
| | 18334 | y(outgoing)25 b(partons/particles)h(from)f(the)i(hard)g(in)m |
| | 18335 | (teraction,)f(b)s(efore)h(an)m(y)g(\014nal-state)f(radiation.)39 |
| | 18336 | b(F)-8 b(or)0 2473 y(2)29 b Fn(!)f Fw(2)33 b(pro)s(cesses)j(pro)s |
| | 18337 | (ceeding)d(via)g(an)g(in)m(termediate)f(resonance)j(suc)m(h)g(as)e |
| | 18338 | Fj(\015)2909 2437 y Fk(\003)2949 2473 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3058 |
| | 18339 | 2437 y Fl(0)3096 2473 y Fw(,)h(W)3258 2437 y Fk(\006)3351 |
| | 18340 | 2473 y Fw(or)f(H)3544 2437 y Fl(0)3583 2473 y Fw(,)h(the)0 |
| | 18341 | 2582 y(resonance)i(is)f(found)g(in)f(line)g(7)g(and)h(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)f |
| | 18342 | (outgoing)f(partons/particles)g(in)g(8)h(and)g(9.)50 |
| | 18343 | b(In)36 b(some)0 2690 y(cases)g(one)g(of)e(these)i(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(a)g |
| | 18344 | (resonance)i(in)d(its)g(o)m(wn)i(righ)m(t,)f(or)f(b)s(oth)h(of)g(them,) |
| | 18345 | g(so)g(that)g(further)0 2798 y(pairs)43 b(of)h(lines)f(are)g(added)i |
| | 18346 | (for)e(subsequen)m(t)k(deca)m(ys.)79 b(If)44 b(the)g(deca)m(y)h(of)e(a) |
| | 18347 | h(giv)m(en)g(resonance)h(has)0 2907 y(b)s(een)36 b(switc)m(hed)g |
| | 18348 | (o\013,)g(then)g(no)f(deca)m(y)i(pro)s(ducts)f(are)f(listed)f(either)h |
| | 18349 | (in)f(this)h(initial)d(summary)i(or)h(in)0 3015 y(the)e(subsequen)m(t)i |
| | 18350 | (ordinary)d(listing.)41 b(Whenev)m(er)35 b(partons)e(are)f(listed,)g |
| | 18351 | (they)h(are)g(assumed)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(on)0 3123 y(the)h(mass)g(shell)f |
| | 18352 | (for)g(simplicit)m(y)-8 b(.)44 b(The)34 b(fact)g(that)f(e\013ectiv)m(e) |
| | 18353 | i(masses)f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(generated)g(b)m(y)h(initial-)0 |
| | 18354 | 3232 y(and)h(\014nal-state)e(radiation)g(is)h(tak)m(en)h(in)m(to)f |
| | 18355 | (accoun)m(t)h(in)f(the)h(actual)f(parton)g(con\014guration)g(that)g(is) |
| | 18356 | 0 3340 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)c(to)g(fragmen)m(t,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)45 |
| | 18357 | b(A)32 b(sp)s(ecial)f(case)h(is)f(pro)m(vided)i(b)m(y)f(W)2674 |
| | 18358 | 3304 y Fl(+)2734 3340 y Fw(W)2835 3304 y Fk(\000)2926 |
| | 18359 | 3340 y Fw(or)f(Z)3104 3304 y Fl(0)3143 3340 y Fw(Z)3203 |
| | 18360 | 3304 y Fl(0)3274 3340 y Fw(fusion)g(to)h(an)0 3448 y(H)73 |
| | 18361 | 3412 y Fl(0)113 3448 y Fw(.)64 b(Then)41 b(the)g(virtual)d(W)q('s)j(or) |
| | 18362 | e(Z's)h(are)g(sho)m(wn)h(in)e(lines)f(7)i(and)g(8,)h(the)f(H)2938 |
| | 18363 | 3412 y Fl(0)3017 3448 y Fw(in)f(line)g(9,)i(and)f(the)0 |
| | 18364 | 3557 y(t)m(w)m(o)32 b(recoiling)d(quarks)j(\(that)g(emitted)e(the)i(b)s |
| | 18365 | (osons\))f(in)g(10)g(and)g(11,)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)h(the)g(Higgs)e |
| | 18366 | (deca)m(y)0 3665 y(pro)s(ducts.)65 b(Since)40 b(the)g(W)q('s)h(and)e |
| | 18367 | (Z's)h(are)g(space-lik)m(e,)h(what)f(is)f(actually)f(listed)h(as)g(the) |
| | 18368 | h(mass)g(for)0 3782 y(them)35 b(is)f Fn(\000)429 3701 |
| | 18369 | y(p)p 513 3701 203 4 v 513 3782 a(\000)p Fj(m)675 3754 |
| | 18370 | y Fl(2)715 3782 y Fw(.)51 b(The)36 b(listing)d(of)i(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i |
| | 18371 | (do)s(cumen)m(tation)e(closes)g(with)g(another)g(line)f(made)0 |
| | 18372 | 3891 y(up)f(of)f(`)p Fq(======)p Fw(')i(signs.)146 3999 |
| | 18373 | y(A)25 b(few)g(examples)f(ma)m(y)h(help)f(clarify)f(the)i(picture.)41 |
| | 18374 | b(F)-8 b(or)23 b(a)h(single)g(di\013ractiv)m(e)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(p)p |
| | 18375 | 3303 3946 55 4 v(p)i Fn(!)f Fw(p)3566 4014 y Fl(di\013r)p |
| | 18376 | 3698 3946 V 3698 3999 a Fw(p,)0 4107 y(the)33 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record)f |
| | 18377 | (will)e(start)h(with)51 4216 y Fq(I)52 b(K\(I,1\))155 |
| | 18378 | b(K\(I,2\))53 b(K\(I,3\))85 b Fw(commen)m(t)51 4324 y |
| | 18379 | Fq(1)257 b(21)g(2212)308 b(0)84 b Fw(incoming)31 b(p)51 |
| | 18380 | 4432 y Fq(2)257 b(21)205 b(-2212)309 b(0)84 b Fw(incoming)p |
| | 18381 | 1783 4380 V 31 w(p)0 4541 y Fq(=========================)90 |
| | 18382 | b Fw(not)33 b(part)f(of)g(record;)h(app)s(ears)g(in)f(listings)51 |
| | 18383 | 4649 y Fq(3)257 b(21)359 b(27)308 b(1)84 b Fw(outgoing)31 |
| | 18384 | b(p)1820 4664 y Fl(di\013r)51 4757 y Fq(4)257 b(21)205 |
| | 18385 | b(-2212)309 b(2)84 b Fw(outgoing)p 1766 4705 V 31 w(p)0 |
| | 18386 | 4866 y Fq(=========================)90 b Fw(again)32 |
| | 18387 | b(not)g(part)g(of)g(record)146 4974 y(The)i(t)m(ypical)e(QCD)g(2)27 |
| | 18388 | b Fn(!)h Fw(2)k(pro)s(cess)i(w)m(ould)e(b)s(e)51 5082 |
| | 18389 | y Fq(I)52 b(K\(I,1\))155 b(K\(I,2\))53 b(K\(I,3\))85 |
| | 18390 | b Fw(commen)m(t)51 5191 y Fq(1)257 b(21)g(2212)308 b(0)84 |
| | 18391 | b Fw(incoming)31 b(p)51 5299 y Fq(2)257 b(21)205 b(-2212)309 |
| | 18392 | b(0)84 b Fw(incoming)p 1783 5246 V 31 w(p)0 5408 y Fq |
| | 18393 | (=========================)51 5516 y(3)257 b(21)411 b(2)307 |
| | 18394 | b(1)84 b Fw(u)33 b(pic)m(k)m(ed)h(from)d(incoming)g(p)51 |
| | 18395 | 5624 y Fq(4)257 b(21)359 b(-1)308 b(2)p 1365 5545 V 84 |
| | 18396 | w Fw(d)33 b(pic)m(k)m(ed)h(from)d(incoming)p 2401 5571 |
| | 18397 | V 31 w(p)1841 5953 y(62)p eop |
| | 18398 | %%Page: 63 69 |
| | 18399 | 63 68 bop 51 -18 a Fq(5)257 b(21)359 b(21)308 b(3)84 |
| | 18400 | b Fw(u)33 b(ev)m(olv)m(ed)h(to)e(g)i(at)e(hard)h(scattering)51 |
| | 18401 | 90 y Fq(6)257 b(21)359 b(-1)308 b(4)84 b Fw(still)p 1556 |
| | 18402 | 11 55 4 v 31 w(d)32 b(at)h(hard)f(scattering)51 198 y |
| | 18403 | Fq(7)257 b(21)359 b(21)308 b(0)84 b Fw(outgoing)31 b(g)j(from)d(hard)i |
| | 18404 | (scattering)51 307 y Fq(8)257 b(21)359 b(-1)308 b(0)84 |
| | 18405 | b Fw(outgoing)p 1766 227 V 31 w(d)33 b(from)f(hard)g(scattering)0 |
| | 18406 | 415 y Fq(=========================)146 523 y Fw(Note)h(that,)g(where)i |
| | 18407 | (w)m(ell)d(de\014ned,)i(the)g Fq(K\(I,3\))g Fw(co)s(de)f(do)s(es)h(con) |
| | 18408 | m(tain)e(information)e(as)j(to)g(whic)m(h)0 632 y(side)h(the)h |
| | 18409 | (di\013eren)m(t)f(partons)h(come)e(from,)h(e.g.)48 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)35 |
| | 18410 | b(the)g(gluon)e(in)g(line)g(5)h(p)s(oin)m(ts)g(bac)m(k)h(to)f(the)g(u)0 |
| | 18411 | 740 y(in)e(line)f(3,)i(whic)m(h)g(p)s(oin)m(ts)g(bac)m(k)h(to)e(the)h |
| | 18412 | (proton)g(in)f(line)f(1.)44 b(In)33 b(the)h(example)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i |
| | 18413 | (it)d(w)m(ould)i(ha)m(v)m(e)0 848 y(b)s(een)k(p)s(ossible)f(to)g(asso)s |
| | 18414 | (ciate)g(the)h(scattered)h(g)e(in)g(line)f(7)h(with)g(the)h(incoming)d |
| | 18415 | (one)j(in)f(line)f(5,)i(but)0 957 y(this)27 b(is)g(not)h(p)s(ossible)f |
| | 18416 | (in)g(the)h(general)f(case,)i(consider)f(e.g.)42 b(gg)29 |
| | 18417 | b Fn(!)e Fw(gg)q(.)42 b(As)28 b(a)f(\014nal)g(example,)h(W)3559 |
| | 18418 | 920 y Fl(+)3619 957 y Fw(W)3720 920 y Fk(\000)0 1065 |
| | 18419 | y Fw(fusion)k(to)g(an)h(H)613 1029 y Fl(0)685 1065 y |
| | 18420 | Fw(in)f(pro)s(cess)h(8)g(\(not)f(pro)s(cess)i(124,)e(whic)m(h)h(is)f |
| | 18421 | (lengthier\))f(migh)m(t)h(lo)s(ok)f(lik)m(e)51 1173 y |
| | 18422 | Fq(I)52 b(K\(I,1\))155 b(K\(I,2\))53 b(K\(I,3\))85 b |
| | 18423 | Fw(commen)m(t)51 1282 y Fq(1)257 b(21)g(2212)308 b(0)84 |
| | 18424 | b Fw(\014rst)33 b(incoming)e(p)51 1390 y Fq(2)257 b(21)g(2212)308 |
| | 18425 | b(0)84 b Fw(second)34 b(incoming)d(p)0 1498 y Fq |
| | 18426 | (=========================)51 1607 y(3)257 b(21)411 b(2)307 |
| | 18427 | b(1)84 b Fw(u)33 b(pic)m(k)m(ed)h(from)d(\014rst)i(p)51 |
| | 18428 | 1715 y Fq(4)257 b(21)359 b(21)308 b(2)84 b Fw(g)34 b(pic)m(k)m(ed)g |
| | 18429 | (from)d(second)j(p)51 1823 y Fq(5)257 b(21)411 b(2)307 |
| | 18430 | b(3)84 b Fw(still)31 b(u)h(after)h(initial-state)c(radiation)51 |
| | 18431 | 1932 y Fq(6)257 b(21)359 b(-4)308 b(4)84 b Fw(g)34 b(ev)m(olv)m(ed)g |
| | 18432 | (to)p 1914 1879 44 4 v 32 w(c)51 2040 y Fq(7)257 b(21)359 |
| | 18433 | b(24)308 b(5)84 b Fw(space-lik)m(e)33 b(W)1906 2004 y |
| | 18434 | Fl(+)1998 2040 y Fw(emitted)f(b)m(y)h(u)g(quark)51 2148 |
| | 18435 | y Fq(8)257 b(21)308 b(-24)g(6)84 b Fw(space-lik)m(e)33 |
| | 18436 | b(W)1906 2112 y Fk(\000)1998 2148 y Fw(emitted)f(b)m(y)p |
| | 18437 | 2491 2096 V 33 w(c)h(quark)51 2257 y Fq(9)257 b(21)359 |
| | 18438 | b(25)308 b(0)84 b Fw(Higgs)32 b(pro)s(duced)i(b)m(y)f(W)2296 |
| | 18439 | 2221 y Fl(+)2356 2257 y Fw(W)2457 2221 y Fk(\000)2549 |
| | 18440 | 2257 y Fw(fusion)0 2365 y Fq(10)257 b(21)411 b(1)307 |
| | 18441 | b(5)84 b Fw(u)33 b(turned)g(in)m(to)f(d)h(b)m(y)g(emission)f(of)g(W) |
| | 18442 | 2790 2329 y Fl(+)0 2473 y Fq(11)257 b(21)359 b(-3)308 |
| | 18443 | b(6)p 1365 2421 V 84 w Fw(c)33 b(turned)h(in)m(to)p 1953 |
| | 18444 | 2421 39 4 v 31 w(s)f(b)m(y)h(emission)d(of)h(W)2763 2437 |
| | 18445 | y Fk(\000)0 2582 y Fq(12)257 b(21)359 b(23)308 b(9)84 |
| | 18446 | b Fw(\014rst)33 b(Z)1626 2546 y Fl(0)1698 2582 y Fw(coming)e(from)g |
| | 18447 | (deca)m(y)j(of)e(H)2719 2546 y Fl(0)0 2690 y Fq(13)257 |
| | 18448 | b(21)359 b(23)308 b(9)84 b Fw(second)34 b(Z)1740 2654 |
| | 18449 | y Fl(0)1812 2690 y Fw(coming)d(from)g(deca)m(y)j(of)e(H)2833 |
| | 18450 | 2654 y Fl(0)0 2798 y Fq(14)257 b(21)359 b(12)257 b(12)84 |
| | 18451 | b Fj(\027)1413 2813 y Fl(e)1482 2798 y Fw(from)31 b(\014rst)i(Z)1973 |
| | 18452 | 2762 y Fl(0)2045 2798 y Fw(deca)m(y)0 2907 y Fq(15)257 |
| | 18453 | b(21)308 b(-12)257 b(12)p 1365 2854 55 4 v 84 w Fj(\027)1420 |
| | 18454 | 2922 y Fl(e)1488 2907 y Fw(from)31 b(\014rst)i(Z)1979 |
| | 18455 | 2871 y Fl(0)2051 2907 y Fw(deca)m(y)0 3015 y Fq(16)257 |
| | 18456 | b(21)411 b(5)256 b(13)84 b Fw(b)33 b(quark)h(from)d(second)j(Z)2334 |
| | 18457 | 2979 y Fl(0)2405 3015 y Fw(deca)m(y)0 3123 y Fq(17)257 |
| | 18458 | b(21)359 b(-5)257 b(13)p 1365 3044 V 84 w Fw(b)33 b(an)m(tiquark)g |
| | 18459 | (from)e(second)j(Z)2499 3087 y Fl(0)2571 3123 y Fw(deca)m(y)0 |
| | 18460 | 3232 y Fq(=========================)146 3340 y Fw(After)49 |
| | 18461 | b(these)g(lines)e(with)h(the)g(initial)d(information,)j(the)h(ev)m(en)m |
| | 18462 | (t)h(record)f(lo)s(oks)e(the)h(same)g(as)0 3448 y(for)39 |
| | 18463 | b Fq(MSTP\(125\)=0)p Fw(,)44 b(i.e.)64 b(\014rst)40 b(comes)g(the)g |
| | 18464 | (parton)f(con\014guration)g(to)g(b)s(e)h(fragmen)m(ted)f(and,)j(after)0 |
| | 18465 | 3557 y(another)e(separator)g(line)e(`)p Fq(======)p Fw(')j(in)e(the)i |
| | 18466 | (output)e(\(but)h(not)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record\),)g(the)e(pro)s |
| | 18467 | (ducts)0 3665 y(of)35 b(subsequen)m(t)k(fragmen)m(tation)34 |
| | 18468 | b(and)i(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hains.)54 b(The)37 b Fq(K\(I,3\))g |
| | 18469 | Fw(p)s(oin)m(ters)f(for)f(the)h(partons,)h(as)0 3774 |
| | 18470 | y(w)m(ell)d(as)h(leptons)g(and)h(photons)f(pro)s(duced)h(in)e(the)i |
| | 18471 | (hard)f(in)m(teraction,)f(are)h(no)m(w)h(p)s(oin)m(ting)d(to)m(w)m |
| | 18472 | (ards)0 3882 y(the)k(do)s(cumen)m(tation)f(lines)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i |
| | 18473 | (ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)59 b(In)37 b(particular,)g(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(ts)h |
| | 18474 | (p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)f(1)h(or)g(2,)0 3990 y(dep)s(ending)f(on)f(whic)m(h)h |
| | 18475 | (side)g(they)g(b)s(elong)f(to,)g(and)h(partons)g(emitted)e(in)h(the)h |
| | 18476 | (initial-state)c(parton)0 4099 y(sho)m(w)m(ers)43 b(p)s(oin)m(t)d(to)g |
| | 18477 | (3)g(or)g(4.)68 b(In)40 b(the)i(second)f(example)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)k |
| | 18478 | (the)d(partons)g(pro)s(duced)g(b)m(y)h(\014nal-)0 4207 |
| | 18479 | y(state)34 b(radiation)e(will)f(b)s(e)k(p)s(oin)m(ting)d(bac)m(k)i(to)g |
| | 18480 | (7)g(and)g(8;)g(as)g(usual,)g(it)f(should)h(b)s(e)g(remem)m(b)s(ered)g |
| | 18481 | (that)0 4315 y(a)41 b(sp)s(eci\014c)h(assignmen)m(t)f(to)f(7)h(or)g(8)g |
| | 18482 | (need)h(not)f(b)s(e)g(unique.)70 b(F)-8 b(or)40 b(the)i(third)e |
| | 18483 | (example,)j(\014nal-state)0 4424 y(radiation)37 b(partons)i(will)d |
| | 18484 | (come)j(b)s(oth)g(from)e(partons)j(10)e(and)h(11)g(and)g(from)e |
| | 18485 | (partons)i(16)g(and)g(17,)0 4532 y(and)f(additionally)d(there)j(will)e |
| | 18486 | (b)s(e)i(a)g(neutrino{an)m(tineutrino)e(pair)h(p)s(oin)m(ting)f(to)i |
| | 18487 | (14)f(and)h(15.)60 b(The)0 4640 y(extra)39 b(pairs)f(of)g(partons)g |
| | 18488 | (that)g(are)h(generated)g(b)m(y)g(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m(teractions)i(do)h |
| | 18489 | (not)f(p)s(oin)m(t)f(bac)m(k)j(to)0 4749 y(an)m(ything,)33 |
| | 18490 | b(i.e.)43 b(they)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h Fq(K\(I,3\)=0)p Fw(.)146 |
| | 18491 | 4857 y(There)h(exists)e(a)g(third)f(do)s(cumen)m(tation)g(option,)h |
| | 18492 | Fq(MSTP\(125\)=2)p Fw(.)47 b(Here)34 b(the)f(history)g(of)g(initial-)0 |
| | 18493 | 4965 y(and)27 b(\014nal-state)f(parton)h(branc)m(hings)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s |
| | 18494 | (e)g(traced,)i(including)c(all)g(details)h(on)h(colour)f(\015o)m(w.)42 |
| | 18495 | b(This)0 5074 y(information)25 b(has)k(not)g(b)s(een)g(optimized)e(for) |
| | 18496 | h(user-friendliness,)h(and)g(cannot)f(b)s(e)h(recommended)g(for)0 |
| | 18497 | 5182 y(general)34 b(usage.)50 b(With)33 b(this)i(option,)e(the)i |
| | 18498 | (initial)c(do)s(cumen)m(tation)j(lines)f(are)i(the)g(same.)49 |
| | 18499 | b(They)35 b(are)0 5290 y(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)i(blank)e(lines,)i |
| | 18500 | Fq(K\(I,1\)=0)p Fw(,)i(up)d(to)g(line)e(20)i(\(can)g(b)s(e)g(c)m |
| | 18501 | (hanged)h(in)e Fq(MSTP\(126\))p Fw(\).)59 b(F)-8 b(rom)0 |
| | 18502 | 5399 y(line)37 b(21)h(on)m(w)m(ards)i(eac)m(h)g(parton)e(with)g |
| | 18503 | Fq(K\(I,1\)=)j Fw(3,)f(13)e(or)g(14)g(app)s(ears)h(with)g(sp)s(ecial)e |
| | 18504 | (colour-\015o)m(w)0 5507 y(information)32 b(in)j(the)h |
| | 18505 | Fq(K\(I,4\))h Fw(and)e Fq(K\(I,5\))i Fw(p)s(ositions.)51 |
| | 18506 | b(F)-8 b(or)34 b(an)i(ordinary)f(2)d Fn(!)g Fw(2)j(scattering,)h(the)0 |
| | 18507 | 5615 y(t)m(w)m(o)i(incoming)e(partons)h(at)h(the)g(hard)f(scattering)h |
| | 18508 | (are)f(stored)h(in)f(lines)g(21)g(and)h(22,)g(and)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o) |
| | 18509 | 1841 5953 y(63)p eop |
| | 18510 | %%Page: 64 70 |
| | 18511 | 64 69 bop 0 -18 a Fw(outgoing)20 b(in)i(23)f(and)h(24.)40 |
| | 18512 | b(The)23 b(colour)e(\015o)m(w)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(these)g(partons)e |
| | 18513 | (has)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hosen)h(according)f(to)0 90 y(the)31 |
| | 18514 | b(prop)s(er)g(relativ)m(e)g(probabilities)d(in)i(cases)j(when)f(man)m |
| | 18515 | (y)f(alternativ)m(es)f(are)h(p)s(ossible,)g(see)h(section)0 |
| | 18516 | 198 y(8.2.1.)41 b(If)27 b(there)h(is)e(initial-state)e(radiation,)i |
| | 18517 | (the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(partons)f(in)f(lines)g(21)h(and)g(22)g(are)g(copied) |
| | 18518 | g(do)m(wn)0 307 y(to)k(lines)g(25)f(and)i(26,)f(from)f(whic)m(h)i(the)g |
| | 18519 | (initial-state)c(sho)m(w)m(ers)33 b(are)f(reconstructed)h(bac)m(kw)m |
| | 18520 | (ards)h(step)0 415 y(b)m(y)43 b(step.)72 b(The)42 b(branc)m(hing)g |
| | 18521 | (history)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(read)g(b)m(y)h(noting)d(that,)k(for)d(a)h |
| | 18522 | (branc)m(hing)g Fj(a)h Fn(!)g Fj(bc)p Fw(,)0 523 y(the)38 |
| | 18523 | b Fq(K\(I,3\))g Fw(co)s(des)h(of)d Fj(b)i Fw(and)f Fj(c)h |
| | 18524 | Fw(p)s(oin)m(t)e(to)m(w)m(ards)i(the)g(line)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)g |
| | 18525 | Fj(a)p Fw(.)58 b(Since)37 b(the)h(sho)m(w)m(ers)h(are)0 |
| | 18526 | 632 y(reconstructed)g(bac)m(kw)m(ards,)j(this)37 b(actually)f(means)i |
| | 18527 | (that)f(parton)g Fj(b)h Fw(w)m(ould)g(app)s(ear)f(in)g(the)h(listing)0 |
| | 18528 | 740 y(b)s(efore)43 b(parton)f Fj(a)g Fw(and)h Fj(c)p |
| | 18529 | Fw(,)i(and)d(hence)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(a)e(p)s(oin)m(ter)g(to)g(a)g(p)s |
| | 18530 | (osition)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h(itself)f(in)h(the)h(list.)0 |
| | 18531 | 848 y(Asso)s(ciated)49 b(time-lik)m(e)d(partons)j Fj(c)g |
| | 18532 | Fw(ma)m(y)f(initiate)e(time-lik)m(e)g(sho)m(w)m(ers,)55 |
| | 18533 | b(as)49 b(ma)m(y)g(the)g(partons)g(of)0 957 y(the)42 |
| | 18534 | b(hard)f(scattering.)68 b(Again)40 b(a)h(sho)m(w)m(ering)h(parton)f(or) |
| | 18535 | g(pair)f(of)g(partons)i(will)c(b)s(e)k(copied)f(do)m(wn)0 |
| | 18536 | 1065 y(to)m(w)m(ards)f(the)g(end)f(of)g(the)g(list)f(and)h(allo)m(w)m |
| | 18537 | (ed)f(to)h(undergo)g(successiv)m(e)j(branc)m(hings)d |
| | 18538 | Fj(c)g Fn(!)f Fj(de)p Fw(,)j(with)0 1173 y Fj(d)34 b |
| | 18539 | Fw(and)h Fj(e)f Fw(p)s(oin)m(ting)f(to)m(w)m(ards)j Fj(c)p |
| | 18540 | Fw(.)49 b(The)36 b(mass)e(of)g(time-lik)m(e)e(partons)j(is)f(prop)s |
| | 18541 | (erly)g(stored)h(in)f Fq(P\(I,5\))p Fw(;)0 1290 y(for)41 |
| | 18542 | b(space-lik)m(e)h(partons)h Fn(\000)1047 1209 y(p)p 1130 |
| | 18543 | 1209 203 4 v 81 x(\000)p Fj(m)1292 1262 y Fl(2)1374 1290 |
| | 18544 | y Fw(is)f(stored)g(instead.)72 b(After)42 b(this)g(section,)j(con)m |
| | 18545 | (taining)40 b(all)g(the)0 1399 y(branc)m(hings,)29 b(comes)f(the)g |
| | 18546 | (\014nal)e(parton)h(con\014guration,)h(prop)s(erly)f(arranged)h(in)e |
| | 18547 | (colour,)i(follo)m(w)m(ed)f(b)m(y)0 1507 y(all)j(subsequen)m(t)36 |
| | 18548 | b(fragmen)m(tation)31 b(and)h(deca)m(y)i(pro)s(ducts,)g(as)f(usual.)0 |
| | 18549 | 1781 y Fp(5.4)135 b(The)45 b(HEPEVT)f(Standard)0 1954 |
| | 18550 | y Fw(A)34 b(set)h(of)f(common)f(blo)s(c)m(ks)h(w)m(as)i(dev)m(elop)s |
| | 18551 | (ed)f(and)f(agreed)h(on)f(within)f(the)i(framew)m(ork)f(of)g(the)g |
| | 18552 | (1989)0 2062 y(LEP)41 b(ph)m(ysics)h(study)-8 b(,)43 |
| | 18553 | b(see)f([Sj\177)-49 b(o89)o(].)67 b(This)40 b(standard)h(de\014nes)h |
| | 18554 | (an)e(ev)m(en)m(t)j(record)d(structure)i(whic)m(h)0 2170 |
| | 18555 | y(should)32 b(mak)m(e)h(the)g(in)m(terfacing)e(of)i(di\013eren)m(t)f |
| | 18556 | (ev)m(en)m(t)j(generators)e(m)m(uc)m(h)g(simpler.)146 |
| | 18557 | 2279 y(It)43 b(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)f(a)h(ma)5 b(jor)41 b(w)m(ork)j(to)e |
| | 18558 | (rewrite)h Fm(Pythia/Jetset)f Fw(to)g(agree)h(with)f(this)g(standard)0 |
| | 18559 | 2387 y(ev)m(en)m(t)35 b(record)e(structure.)45 b(More)33 |
| | 18560 | b(imp)s(ortan)m(tly)-8 b(,)31 b(the)i(standard)g(only)g(co)m(v)m(ers)h |
| | 18561 | (quan)m(tities)f(whic)m(h)g(can)0 2495 y(b)s(e)42 b(de\014ned)h(unam)m |
| | 18562 | (biguously)-8 b(,)43 b(i.e.)70 b(whic)m(h)42 b(are)g(indep)s(enden)m(t) |
| | 18563 | h(of)e(the)h(particular)e(program)g(used.)0 2604 y(There)k(are)e(th)m |
| | 18564 | (us)i(no)e(pro)m(visions)h(for)f(the)h(need)g(for)f(colour-\015o)m(w)g |
| | 18565 | (information)d(in)j(mo)s(dels)g(based)0 2712 y(on)35 |
| | 18566 | b(string)g(fragmen)m(tation,)g(etc.,)i(so)f(the)g(standard)g(common)e |
| | 18567 | (blo)s(c)m(ks)i(w)m(ould)g(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to)e(b)s(e)0 |
| | 18568 | 2820 y(supplemen)m(ted)d(with)e(additional)d(ev)m(en)m(t)33 |
| | 18569 | b(information.)39 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(the)h(momen)m(t,)f(the)h(adopted)g |
| | 18570 | (approac)m(h)0 2929 y(is)40 b(therefore)g(to)g(retain)f(the)i |
| | 18571 | Fq(LUJETS)g Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record,)h(but)d(supply)h(a)f(routine)f |
| | 18572 | Fq(LUHEPC)j Fw(whic)m(h)e(can)0 3037 y(con)m(v)m(ert)j(to)e(or)g(from)g |
| | 18573 | (the)h(standard)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(record.)71 b(Owing)40 |
| | 18574 | b(to)i(a)f(somewhat)g(di\013eren)m(t)h(con)m(ten)m(t)0 |
| | 18575 | 3146 y(in)37 b(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)i(records,)g(some)e(am)m(biguities)e(do) |
| | 18576 | j(exist)f(in)g(the)h(translation)d(pro)s(cedure.)59 b |
| | 18577 | Fq(LUHEPC)39 b Fw(has)0 3254 y(therefore)33 b(to)f(b)s(e)h(used)h(with) |
| | 18578 | e(some)h(judgmen)m(t.)146 3362 y(In)j(this)e(section,)i(the)f(new)h |
| | 18579 | (standard)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(structure)f(is)f(\014rst)g(presen)m(ted,)j |
| | 18580 | (i.e.)50 b(the)35 b(most)g(im-)0 3471 y(p)s(ortan)m(t)25 |
| | 18581 | b(p)s(oin)m(ts)h(in)f([Sj\177)-49 b(o89)o(])26 b(are)g(recapitulated.) |
| | 18582 | 40 b(Thereafter)27 b(the)f(con)m(v)m(ersion)h(routine)e(is)h(describ)s |
| | 18583 | (ed,)0 3579 y(with)32 b(particular)f(atten)m(tion)h(to)g(am)m |
| | 18584 | (biguities)e(and)j(limitations.)146 3687 y(The)41 b(standard)f(ev)m(en) |
| | 18585 | m(t)i(record)e(is)f(stored)i(in)e(t)m(w)m(o)h(common)f(blo)s(c)m(ks.)65 |
| | 18586 | b(The)41 b(second)g(of)e(these)i(is)0 3796 y(sp)s(eci\014cally)35 |
| | 18587 | b(in)m(tended)i(for)f(spin)g(information.)52 b(Since)36 |
| | 18588 | b Fm(Jetset)g Fw(nev)m(er)h(\(explicitly\))e(mak)m(es)i(use)g(of)0 |
| | 18589 | 3904 y(spin)31 b(information,)d(this)j(latter)g(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)i |
| | 18590 | (is)g(not)g(addressed)i(here.)44 b(A)31 b(third)g(common)f(blo)s(c)m(k) |
| | 18591 | 0 4012 y(for)i(colour)g(\015o)m(w)h(information)c(has)k(b)s(een)h |
| | 18592 | (discussed,)g(but)f(nev)m(er)h(formalized.)146 4121 y(In)40 |
| | 18593 | b(order)f(to)g(mak)m(e)g(the)h(comp)s(onen)m(ts)g(of)e(the)i(standard)g |
| | 18594 | (more)e(distinguishable)g(in)g(user)i(pro-)0 4229 y(grams,)30 |
| | 18595 | b(the)i(three)f(c)m(haracters)h Fq(HEP)g Fw(\(for)e(High)g(Energy)i(Ph) |
| | 18596 | m(ysics\))g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)g(c)m(hosen)g(to)e(b)s(e)h(a)g(part)0 |
| | 18597 | 4337 y(of)h(all)f(names.)146 4446 y(Originally)39 b(it)i(w)m(as)j(not)e |
| | 18598 | (sp)s(eci\014ed)h(whether)h(real)d(v)-5 b(ariables)41 |
| | 18599 | b(should)h(b)s(e)h(in)e(single)h(or)g(double)0 4554 y(precision.)61 |
| | 18600 | b(A)m(t)39 b(the)g(time,)f(this)g(mean)m(t)h(that)f(single)g(precision) |
| | 18601 | f(b)s(ecame)i(the)g(default)f(c)m(hoice,)i(but)0 4662 |
| | 18602 | y(since)35 b(then)g(the)g(trend)f(has)h(b)s(een)g(to)m(w)m(ards)h |
| | 18603 | (increasing)d(precision.)48 b(In)35 b(connection)g(with)f(the)g(1995)0 |
| | 18604 | 4771 y(LEP)40 b(2)e(w)m(orkshop,)k(it)c(w)m(as)i(therefore)g(agreed)f |
| | 18605 | (to)g(adopt)f Fq(DOUBLE)53 b(PRECISION)42 b Fw(real)c(v)-5 |
| | 18606 | b(ariables)37 b(as)0 4879 y(part)32 b(of)g(the)h(standard.)p |
| | 18607 | 0 5023 3440 9 v 0 5598 9 576 v 130 5170 a Fq(PARAMETER)54 |
| | 18608 | b(\(NMXHEP=2000\))130 5278 y(COMMON/HEPEVT/NEVHEP,NH)q(EP,I)q(STHE)q |
| | 18609 | (P\(NM)q(XHE)q(P\),I)q(DHEP)q(\(NMX)q(HEP)q(\),)79 5387 |
| | 18610 | y(&JMOHEP\(2,NMXHEP\),JDAHEP)q(\(2,N)q(MXHE)q(P\),P)q(HEP)q(\(5,N)q |
| | 18611 | (MXHE)q(P\),V)q(HEP)q(\(4,N)q(MXHE)q(P\))130 5495 y(DOUBLE)f(PRECISION) |
| | 18612 | h(PHEP,)f(VHEP)p 3431 5598 V 0 5606 3440 9 v 1841 5953 |
| | 18613 | a Fw(64)p eop |
| | 18614 | %%Page: 65 71 |
| | 18615 | 65 70 bop 0 -18 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)32 b(con)m(tain)g(an)h(ev)m |
| | 18616 | (en)m(t)h(record)f(in)f(a)g(Mon)m(te)i(Carlo-indep)s(enden)m(t)e |
| | 18617 | (format.)0 90 y Fq(NMXHEP:)115 b Fw(maxim)m(um)44 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)j |
| | 18618 | (of)e(en)m(tries)i(\(partons/particles\))e(that)h(can)g(b)s(e)g(stored) |
| | 18619 | h(in)e(the)472 198 y(common)35 b(blo)s(c)m(k.)55 b(The)37 |
| | 18620 | b(default)f(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(of)g(2000)f(can)i(b)s(e)f(c)m(hanged)i |
| | 18621 | (via)d(the)i(parameter)472 307 y(construction.)44 b(In)33 |
| | 18622 | b(the)g(translation,)e(it)g(is)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)k(that)d(this)f(v)-5 |
| | 18623 | b(alue)32 b(is)g(not)g(exceeded.)0 415 y Fq(NEVHEP:)115 |
| | 18624 | b Fw(is)39 b(normally)e(the)j(ev)m(en)m(t)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)h(but)e |
| | 18625 | (ma)m(y)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(sp)s(ecial)f(meanings,)h(according)f(to)472 |
| | 18626 | 523 y(the)33 b(description)g(b)s(elo)m(w:)236 632 y Fq(>)52 |
| | 18627 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)30 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)g(sequen)m(tially)f |
| | 18628 | (increased)g(b)m(y)g(1)g(for)f(eac)m(h)h(call)e(to)i(the)g(main)e(ev)m |
| | 18629 | (en)m(t)709 740 y(generation)32 b(routine,)g(starting)f(with)i(1)f(for) |
| | 18630 | g(the)h(\014rst)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generated.)236 848 y |
| | 18631 | Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(for)32 b(a)g(program)f(whic)m(h)i(do)s(es)g |
| | 18632 | (not)g(k)m(eep)h(trac)m(k)f(of)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers,)e(as)g |
| | 18633 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)236 957 y Fq(=)52 b(-1)g(:)165 b Fw(sp)s(ecial)31 |
| | 18634 | b(initialization)c(record;)33 b(not)g(used)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 18635 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)236 1065 y Fq(=)52 b(-2)g(:)165 b Fw(sp)s(ecial)31 |
| | 18636 | b(\014nal)h(record;)h(not)g(used)g(b)m(y)i Fm(Jetset)p |
| | 18637 | Fw(.)0 1173 y Fq(NHEP:)217 b Fw(the)25 b(actual)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of) |
| | 18638 | f(en)m(tries)h(stored)g(in)e(the)i(curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m(t.)42 |
| | 18639 | b(These)26 b(are)f(found)f(in)g(the)472 1282 y(\014rst)j |
| | 18640 | Fq(NHEP)h Fw(p)s(ositions)d(of)h(the)g(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)i(arra)m(ys)f |
| | 18641 | (b)s(elo)m(w.)41 b(Index)28 b Fq(IHEP)p Fw(,)g(1)p Fn(\024)p |
| | 18642 | Fq(IHEP)p Fn(\024)p Fq(NHEP)p Fw(,)472 1390 y(is)33 b(used)g(b)s(elo)m |
| | 18643 | (w)g(to)f(denote)h(a)g(giv)m(en)f(en)m(try)-8 b(.)0 1498 |
| | 18644 | y Fq(ISTHEP\(IHEP\):)51 b Fw(status)33 b(co)s(de)g(for)f(en)m(try)j |
| | 18645 | Fq(IHEP)p Fw(,)f(with)e(the)h(follo)m(wing)d(meanings:)236 |
| | 18646 | 1607 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(n)m(ull)31 b(en)m(try)-8 |
| | 18647 | b(.)236 1715 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(an)27 b(existing)g(en)m(try)-8 |
| | 18648 | b(,)29 b(whic)m(h)f(has)g(not)f(deca)m(y)m(ed)i(or)e(fragmen)m(ted.)42 |
| | 18649 | b(This)28 b(is)e(the)i(main)709 1823 y(class)j(of)g(en)m(tries,)i(whic) |
| | 18650 | m(h)f(represen)m(ts)i(the)e(`\014nal)f(state')h(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)g(the) |
| | 18651 | g(generator.)236 1932 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(an)27 |
| | 18652 | b(en)m(try)h(whic)m(h)g(has)g(deca)m(y)m(ed)i(or)d(fragmen)m(ted)g(and) |
| | 18653 | g(is)g(therefore)h(not)g(app)s(earing)709 2040 y(in)j(the)i(\014nal)f |
| | 18654 | (state,)h(but)g(is)f(retained)h(for)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(history)f |
| | 18655 | (information.)236 2148 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(a)42 |
| | 18656 | b(do)s(cumen)m(tation)f(line,)i(de\014ned)h(separately)e(from)f(the)h |
| | 18657 | (ev)m(en)m(t)i(history)-8 b(.)72 b(This)709 2257 y(could)32 |
| | 18658 | b(include)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(incoming)d(reacting)i(particles,)g(etc.) |
| | 18659 | 236 2365 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(-)h(10)g(:)47 b Fw(unde\014ned,)35 |
| | 18660 | b(but)d(reserv)m(ed)j(for)d(future)h(standards.)236 2473 |
| | 18661 | y Fq(=)52 b(11)g(-)f(200)h(:)c Fw(at)39 b(the)h(disp)s(osal)e(of)h(eac) |
| | 18662 | m(h)h(mo)s(del)e(builder)h(for)f(constructs)j(sp)s(eci\014c)g(to)e(his) |
| | 18663 | 709 2582 y(program,)23 b(but)g(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)22 |
| | 18664 | b(to)g(a)g(n)m(ull)f(line)h(in)f(the)i(con)m(text)h(of)e(an)m(y)h |
| | 18665 | (other)g(program.)236 2690 y Fq(=)52 b(201)g(-)f(:)d |
| | 18666 | Fw(at)31 b(the)h(disp)s(osal)e(of)h(users,)i(in)e(particular)f(for)g |
| | 18667 | (ev)m(en)m(t)k(trac)m(king)d(in)g(the)h(detector.)0 2798 |
| | 18668 | y Fq(IDHEP\(IHEP\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(particle)38 b(iden)m(tit)m(y)-8 |
| | 18669 | b(,)42 b(according)d(to)g(the)h(PDG)g(standard.)65 b(The)41 |
| | 18670 | b(four)e(additional)472 2907 y(co)s(des)34 b(91{94)d(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s |
| | 18671 | (een)g(in)m(tro)s(duced)g(to)f(mak)m(e)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(history)e |
| | 18672 | (more)g(legible,)e(see)472 3015 y(section)j(5.1)f(and)h(the)g |
| | 18673 | Fq(MSTU\(16\))i Fw(description.)0 3123 y Fq(JMOHEP\(1,IHEP\))55 |
| | 18674 | b(:)48 b Fw(p)s(oin)m(ter)28 b(to)g(the)h(p)s(osition)e(where)j(the)g |
| | 18675 | (mother)e(is)g(stored.)43 b(The)30 b(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(is)g(0)h(for)472 |
| | 18676 | 3232 y(initial)g(en)m(tries.)0 3340 y Fq(JMOHEP\(2,IHEP\))55 |
| | 18677 | b(:)48 b Fw(p)s(oin)m(ter)e(to)h(p)s(osition)e(of)i(second)h(mother.)87 |
| | 18678 | b(Normally)45 b(only)i(one)g(mother)472 3448 y(exists,)55 |
| | 18679 | b(in)50 b(whic)m(h)g(case)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)49 b(0)h(is)f(to)h(b)s(e) |
| | 18680 | g(used.)96 b(In)50 b Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)j(en)m(tries)e(with)472 |
| | 18681 | 3557 y(co)s(des)60 b(91{94)d(are)i(the)f(only)g(ones)i(to)e(ha)m(v)m(e) |
| | 18682 | i(t)m(w)m(o)f(mothers.)121 b(The)59 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(con-)472 |
| | 18683 | 3665 y(ten)m(ts)46 b(of)e(these)i(ob)5 b(jects,)48 b(as)d(w)m(ell)f(as) |
| | 18684 | g(details)g(of)g(momen)m(tum)f(sharing,)j(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to)e(b)s(e)472 |
| | 18685 | 3774 y(found)i(b)m(y)h(lo)s(oking)d(at)h(the)h(mother)g(partons,)j |
| | 18686 | (i.e.)83 b(the)46 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(partons)f(in)f(p)s(ositions)472 |
| | 18687 | 3882 y Fq(JMOHEP\(1,IHEP\))c Fw(and)c Fq(JMOHEP\(2,IHEP\))j |
| | 18688 | Fw(for)c(a)h(cluster)g(or)f(a)h(sho)m(w)m(er)h(system,)h(and)472 |
| | 18689 | 3990 y(the)k(range)f Fq(JMOHEP\(1,IHEP\))p Fw({)p Fq(JMOHEP\(2,IHEP)q |
| | 18690 | (\))48 b Fw(for)41 b(a)h(string)f(or)g(an)h(indep)s(enden)m(t)472 |
| | 18691 | 4099 y(fragmen)m(tation)31 b(parton)h(system.)0 4207 |
| | 18692 | y Fq(JDAHEP\(1,IHEP\))55 b(:)48 b Fw(p)s(oin)m(ter)d(to)g(the)i(p)s |
| | 18693 | (osition)d(of)h(the)i(\014rst)f(daugh)m(ter.)84 b(If)46 |
| | 18694 | b(an)g(en)m(try)h(has)g(not)472 4315 y(deca)m(y)m(ed,)35 |
| | 18695 | b(this)e(is)f(0.)0 4424 y Fq(JDAHEP\(2,IHEP\))55 b(:)48 |
| | 18696 | b Fw(p)s(oin)m(ter)e(to)h(the)g(p)s(osition)f(of)g(the)i(last)e(daugh)m |
| | 18697 | (ter.)88 b(If)47 b(an)g(en)m(try)h(has)g(not)472 4532 |
| | 18698 | y(deca)m(y)m(ed,)h(this)43 b(is)g(0.)75 b(It)44 b(is)f(assumed)h(that)f |
| | 18699 | (daugh)m(ters)h(are)g(stored)f(sequen)m(tially)-8 b(,)46 |
| | 18700 | b(so)472 4640 y(that)40 b(the)h(whole)e(range)h Fq(JDAHEP\(1,IHEP\))p |
| | 18701 | Fw({)p Fq(JDAHEP\(2,IH)q(EP\))46 b Fw(con)m(tains)40 |
| | 18702 | b(daugh)m(ters.)472 4749 y(This)49 b(v)-5 b(ariable)46 |
| | 18703 | b(should)i(b)s(e)g(set)h(also)e(when)j(only)d(one)i(daugh)m(ter)f(is)g |
| | 18704 | (presen)m(t,)54 b(as)48 b(in)472 4857 y(K)548 4821 y |
| | 18705 | Fl(0)615 4857 y Fn(!)28 b Fw(K)819 4821 y Fl(0)819 4882 |
| | 18706 | y(S)892 4857 y Fw(deca)m(ys,)33 b(so)d(that)g(lo)s(oping)e(from)h(the)h |
| | 18707 | (\014rst)h(daugh)m(ter)g(to)f(the)g(last)g(one)g(w)m(orks)472 |
| | 18708 | 4965 y(transparen)m(tly)-8 b(.)43 b(Normally)28 b(daugh)m(ters)i(are)g |
| | 18709 | (stored)h(after)e(mothers,)h(but)g(in)f(bac)m(kw)m(ards)472 |
| | 18710 | 5074 y(ev)m(olution)j(of)g(initial-state)c(radiation)i(the)j(opp)s |
| | 18711 | (osite)e(ma)m(y)h(app)s(ear,)h(i.e.)43 b(that)32 b(mothers)472 |
| | 18712 | 5182 y(are)e(found)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h(the)f(daugh)m(ters)i(they)f(branc)m |
| | 18713 | (h)g(in)m(to.)42 b(Also,)30 b(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(daugh)m(ters)h(then)472 |
| | 18714 | 5290 y(need)e(not)e(app)s(ear)h(one)g(after)f(the)h(other,)h(but)e(ma)m |
| | 18715 | (y)h(b)s(e)f(separated)i(in)e(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record.)0 |
| | 18716 | 5399 y Fq(PHEP\(1,IHEP\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(momen)m(tum)31 |
| | 18717 | b(in)h(the)h Fj(x)g Fw(direction,)e(in)h(GeV/)p Fj(c)p |
| | 18718 | Fw(.)0 5507 y Fq(PHEP\(2,IHEP\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(momen)m(tum)31 |
| | 18719 | b(in)h(the)h Fj(y)j Fw(direction,)31 b(in)h(GeV/)p Fj(c)p |
| | 18720 | Fw(.)0 5615 y Fq(PHEP\(3,IHEP\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(momen)m(tum)31 |
| | 18721 | b(in)h(the)h Fj(z)k Fw(direction,)32 b(in)g(GeV/)p Fj(c)p |
| | 18722 | Fw(.)1841 5953 y(65)p eop |
| | 18723 | %%Page: 66 72 |
| | 18724 | 66 71 bop 0 -18 a Fq(PHEP\(4,IHEP\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(energy)-8 |
| | 18725 | b(,)34 b(in)d(GeV.)0 90 y Fq(PHEP\(5,IHEP\))54 b(:)48 |
| | 18726 | b Fw(mass,)31 b(in)g(GeV/)p Fj(c)1427 54 y Fl(2)1466 |
| | 18727 | 90 y Fw(.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(space-lik)m(e)h(partons,)g(it)f(is)h |
| | 18728 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)h(use)h(a)e(negativ)m(e)472 213 y(mass,)j |
| | 18729 | (according)f(to)g Fq(PHEP\(5,IHEP\))p Fw(=)f Fn(\000)2093 |
| | 18730 | 131 y(p)p 2177 131 203 4 v 2177 213 a(\000)p Fj(m)2339 |
| | 18731 | 184 y Fl(2)2379 213 y Fw(.)0 321 y Fq(VHEP\(1,IHEP\))54 |
| | 18732 | b(:)48 b Fw(pro)s(duction)32 b(v)m(ertex)i Fj(x)f Fw(p)s(osition,)e(in) |
| | 18733 | h(mm.)0 429 y Fq(VHEP\(2,IHEP\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(pro)s(duction)32 |
| | 18734 | b(v)m(ertex)i Fj(y)i Fw(p)s(osition,)31 b(in)h(mm.)0 |
| | 18735 | 538 y Fq(VHEP\(3,IHEP\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(pro)s(duction)32 |
| | 18736 | b(v)m(ertex)i Fj(z)j Fw(p)s(osition,)31 b(in)h(mm.)0 |
| | 18737 | 646 y Fq(VHEP\(4,IHEP\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(pro)s(duction)32 |
| | 18738 | b(time,)f(in)h(mm/)p Fj(c)f Fw(\()p Fn(\031)d Fw(3)p |
| | 18739 | Fj(:)p Fw(33)21 b Fn(\002)i Fw(10)2446 610 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 18740 | Fl(12)2608 646 y Fw(s\).)146 808 y(This)34 b(completes)g(the)h(brief)e |
| | 18741 | (description)g(of)h(the)g(standard.)48 b(In)35 b Fm(Jetset)p |
| | 18742 | Fw(,)e(the)i(routine)e Fq(LUHEPC)0 917 y Fw(is)f(pro)m(vided)h(as)g(an) |
| | 18743 | f(in)m(terface.)p 0 1061 1082 9 v 0 1280 9 220 v 79 1201 |
| | 18744 | a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUHEPC\(MCONV\))p 1073 1280 V 0 1288 1082 |
| | 18745 | 9 v 0 1420 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)32 b(con)m(v)m(ert)i(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 18746 | (een)h(the)e Fq(LUJETS)h Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)g(record)f(and)g(the)g |
| | 18747 | Fq(HEPEVT)h Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record.)0 1529 y Fq(MCONV)53 |
| | 18748 | b(:)113 b Fw(direction)32 b(of)g(con)m(v)m(ersion.)236 |
| | 18749 | 1637 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(translates)34 b(the)g(curren)m(t)h |
| | 18750 | Fq(LUJETS)h Fw(record)f(in)m(to)e(the)i Fq(HEPEVT)g Fw(one,)g(while)e |
| | 18751 | (lea)m(ving)709 1745 y(the)g(original)c Fq(LUJETS)34 |
| | 18752 | b Fw(one)f(una\013ected.)236 1854 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 18753 | b Fw(translates)34 b(the)g(curren)m(t)h Fq(HEPEVT)h Fw(record)f(in)m |
| | 18754 | (to)e(the)i Fq(LUJETS)g Fw(one,)g(while)e(lea)m(ving)709 |
| | 18755 | 1962 y(the)g(original)c Fq(HEPEVT)34 b Fw(one)f(una\013ected.)146 |
| | 18756 | 2125 y(The)c(con)m(v)m(ersion)f(of)f(momen)m(ta)g(is)g(trivial:)38 |
| | 18757 | b(it)27 b(is)g(just)h(a)f(matter)f(of)h(exc)m(hanging)h(the)g(order)g |
| | 18758 | (of)f(the)0 2233 y(indices.)43 b(The)31 b(v)m(ertex)i(information)27 |
| | 18759 | b(is)j(but)h(little)e(more)h(complicated;)f(the)j(extra)f(\014fth)f |
| | 18760 | (comp)s(onen)m(t)0 2341 y(presen)m(t)k(in)e Fq(LUJETS)i |
| | 18761 | Fw(can)f(b)s(e)f(easily)g(reconstructed)i(from)e(other)g(information)d |
| | 18762 | (for)j(particles)g(whic)m(h)0 2450 y(ha)m(v)m(e)i(deca)m(y)m(ed.)45 |
| | 18763 | b(\(Some)32 b(of)g(the)g(adv)-5 b(anced)34 b(features)f(made)e(p)s |
| | 18764 | (ossible)h(b)m(y)h(this)f(comp)s(onen)m(t,)h(suc)m(h)g(as)0 |
| | 18765 | 2558 y(the)c(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d(to)j(consider)g(deca)m(ys)h(within)d |
| | 18766 | (expanding)i(spatial)e(v)m(olumes)h(in)g(subsequen)m(t)k |
| | 18767 | Fq(LUEXEC)0 2666 y Fw(calls,)48 b(cannot)f(b)s(e)f(used)h(if)e(the)i |
| | 18768 | (record)f(is)g(translated)g(bac)m(k)h(and)f(forth,)k(ho)m(w)m(ev)m |
| | 18769 | (er.\))86 b(Also,)49 b(the)0 2775 y(particle)29 b(co)s(des)i |
| | 18770 | Fq(K\(I,2\))g Fw(and)f Fq(IDHEP\(I\))i Fw(are)e(iden)m(tical,)f(since)i |
| | 18771 | (they)g(are)f(b)s(oth)g(based)h(on)f(the)g(PDG)0 2883 |
| | 18772 | y(co)s(des.)146 2991 y(The)35 b(remaining,)c(non-trivial)f(areas)k |
| | 18773 | (deal)e(with)h(the)h(status)g(co)s(des)g(and)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h |
| | 18774 | (history)-8 b(.)45 b(In)0 3100 y(mo)m(ving)25 b(from)g |
| | 18775 | Fq(LUJETS)j Fw(to)d Fq(HEPEVT)p Fw(,)j(information)23 |
| | 18776 | b(on)j(colour)f(\015o)m(w)i(is)f(lost.)40 b(On)26 b(the)h(other)f |
| | 18777 | (hand,)i(the)0 3208 y(p)s(osition)j(of)i(a)g(second)h(mother,)f(if)f |
| | 18778 | (an)m(y)-8 b(,)34 b(has)f(to)g(b)s(e)g(found;)h(this)e(only)h |
| | 18779 | (a\013ects)h(lines)e(with)h Fq(K\(I,2\)=)0 3316 y Fw(91{94.)42 |
| | 18780 | b(Also,)30 b(for)f(lines)h(with)f Fq(K\(I,1\)=)j Fw(13)e(or)g(14,)g |
| | 18781 | (the)h(daugh)m(ter)f(p)s(oin)m(ters)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(b)s(e)g(found.) |
| | 18782 | 43 b(By)0 3425 y(and)37 b(large,)g(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)k(the)c |
| | 18783 | (translation)e(from)h Fq(LUJETS)i Fw(to)f Fq(HEPEVT)h |
| | 18784 | Fw(should)f(cause)h(little)d(problem,)0 3533 y(and)28 |
| | 18785 | b(there)g(should)f(nev)m(er)j(b)s(e)d(an)m(y)i(need)f(for)f(user)i(in)m |
| | 18786 | (terv)m(en)m(tion.)42 b(\(W)-8 b(e)28 b(assume)g(that)g |
| | 18787 | Fm(Jetset)e Fw(is)h(run)0 3641 y(with)32 b(the)h(default)f |
| | 18788 | Fq(MSTU\(16\)=1)p Fw(,)j(otherwise)e(some)f(discrepancies)h(with)f |
| | 18789 | (resp)s(ect)i(to)e(the)h(prop)s(osed)0 3750 y(standard)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h |
| | 18790 | (history)f(description)f(will)e(b)s(e)j(presen)m(t.\))146 |
| | 18791 | 3858 y(In)48 b(mo)m(ving)e(from)g Fq(HEPEVT)j Fw(to)e |
| | 18792 | Fq(LUJETS)p Fw(,)i(information)44 b(on)j(a)g(second)h(mother)f(is)g |
| | 18793 | (lost.)86 b(An)m(y)0 3966 y(co)s(des)40 b Fq(IDHEP\(I\))i |
| | 18794 | Fw(not)e(equal)f(to)h(1,)h(2)e(or)h(3)f(are)h(translated)f(in)m(to)g |
| | 18795 | Fq(K\(I,1\)=0)p Fw(,)44 b(and)39 b(so)h(all)e(en)m(tries)0 |
| | 18796 | 4075 y(with)k Fq(K\(I,1\))p Fn(\025)47 b Fw(30)42 b(are)g(e\013ectiv)m |
| | 18797 | (ely)h(lost)f(in)g(a)g(translation)e(bac)m(k)k(and)e(forth.)73 |
| | 18798 | b(All)41 b(en)m(tries)i(with)0 4183 y Fq(IDHEP\(I\)=2)32 |
| | 18799 | b Fw(are)d(translated)f(in)m(to)h Fq(K\(I,1\)=11)p Fw(,)j(and)d(so)g |
| | 18800 | (en)m(tries)h(of)f(t)m(yp)s(e)g Fq(K\(I,1\))53 b(=)f(12,)g(13,)g(14)0 |
| | 18801 | 4291 y Fw(or)43 b Fq(15)h Fw(are)g(nev)m(er)h(found.)77 |
| | 18802 | b(There)45 b(is)e(th)m(us)i(no)f(colour-\015o)m(w)f(information)d(a)m |
| | 18803 | (v)-5 b(ailable)41 b(for)i(partons)0 4400 y(whic)m(h)37 |
| | 18804 | b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(fragmen)m(ted.)55 b(F)-8 b(or)35 b(partons)i(with)f |
| | 18805 | Fq(IDHEP\(I\)=1)p Fw(,)k(i.e.)54 b(whic)m(h)37 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(not)g |
| | 18806 | (fragmen)m(ted,)0 4508 y(an)43 b(attempt)g(is)g(made)g(to)f(sub)s |
| | 18807 | (divide)i(the)f(partonic)g(system)h(in)m(to)f(colour)f(singlets,)j(as)f |
| | 18808 | (required)0 4616 y(for)36 b(subsequen)m(t)41 b(string)36 |
| | 18809 | b(fragmen)m(tation.)55 b(T)-8 b(o)37 b(this)g(end,)i(it)d(is)g(assumed) |
| | 18810 | i(that)f(partons)g(are)g(stored)0 4725 y(sequen)m(tially)28 |
| | 18811 | b(along)f(strings.)42 b(Normally)-8 b(,)26 b(a)i(string)g(w)m(ould)g |
| | 18812 | (then)h(start)f(at)g(a)g(q)h(\()p 2968 4672 52 4 v(q\))f(or)p |
| | 18813 | 3200 4672 V 28 w(q)p 3252 4672 V 1 w(q)g(\(qq\))h(en)m(try)-8 |
| | 18814 | b(,)0 4833 y(co)m(v)m(er)42 b(a)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(in)m |
| | 18815 | (termediate)g(gluons,)i(and)f(end)g(at)f(a)p 2353 4780 |
| | 18816 | V 40 w(q)h(\(q\))g(or)f(qq)i(\()p 2922 4780 V(q)p 2973 |
| | 18817 | 4780 V(q)q(\))e(en)m(try)-8 b(.)69 b(P)m(articles)0 4941 |
| | 18818 | y(could)38 b(b)s(e)h(in)m(tersp)s(ersed)h(in)e(this)g(list)f(with)h(no) |
| | 18819 | g(adv)m(erse)j(e\013ects,)g(i.e.)61 b(a)38 b(u)27 b Fn(\000)f |
| | 18820 | Fw(g)i Fn(\000)e Fj(\015)31 b Fn(\000)p 3315 4889 55 |
| | 18821 | 4 v 27 w Fw(u)39 b(sequence)0 5050 y(w)m(ould)30 b(b)s(e)f(in)m |
| | 18822 | (terpreted)i(as)f(a)f(u)16 b Fn(\000)g Fw(g)i Fn(\000)p |
| | 18823 | 1428 4997 V 16 w Fw(u)31 b(string)e(plus)g(an)h(additional)c(photon.)43 |
| | 18824 | b(A)30 b(closed)f(gluon)g(lo)s(op)0 5158 y(w)m(ould)41 |
| | 18825 | b(b)s(e)g(assumed)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(made)f(up)h(of)g(a)f(sequen)m(tial)h |
| | 18826 | (listing)d(of)i(the)h(gluons,)i(with)d(the)h(string)0 |
| | 18827 | 5266 y(con)m(tin)m(uing)35 b(from)g(the)h(last)f(gluon)g(up)h(bac)m(k)h |
| | 18828 | (to)f(the)g(\014rst)h(one.)53 b(Con)m(trary)37 b(to)f(the)g(previous,)h |
| | 18829 | (op)s(en)0 5375 y(string)c(case,)i(the)f(app)s(earance)g(of)f(an)m(y)h |
| | 18830 | (particle)e(but)i(a)f(gluon)f(w)m(ould)i(therefore)g(signal)e(the)i |
| | 18831 | (end)g(of)0 5483 y(the)e(gluon)e(lo)s(op.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)30 |
| | 18832 | b(example,)h(a)g(g)21 b Fn(\000)f Fw(g)h Fn(\000)f Fw(g)h |
| | 18833 | Fn(\000)f Fw(g)32 b(sequence)i(w)m(ould)e(b)s(e)f(in)m(terpreted)h(as)g |
| | 18834 | (one)g(single)0 5592 y(four-gluon)k(lo)s(op,)i(while)f(a)g(g)27 |
| | 18835 | b Fn(\000)g Fw(g)f Fn(\000)h Fj(\015)j Fn(\000)d Fw(g)g |
| | 18836 | Fn(\000)f Fw(g)39 b(sequence)h(w)m(ould)e(b)s(e)g(seen)h(as)f(comp)s |
| | 18837 | (osed)g(of)g(t)m(w)m(o)1841 5953 y(66)p eop |
| | 18838 | %%Page: 67 73 |
| | 18839 | 67 72 bop 0 -18 a Fw(2-gluon)31 b(systems.)146 90 y(If)36 |
| | 18840 | b(these)i(in)m(terpretations,)e(whic)m(h)h(are)f(not)g(unique,)i(are)e |
| | 18841 | (not)g(to)g(y)m(our)h(liking,)e(it)g(is)g(up)i(to)f(y)m(ou)0 |
| | 18842 | 198 y(to)f(correct)g(them,)g(e.g.)51 b(b)m(y)36 b(using)g |
| | 18843 | Fq(LUJOIN)g Fw(to)f(tell)e(exactly)j(whic)m(h)f(partons)g(should)g(b)s |
| | 18844 | (e)g(joined,)g(in)0 307 y(whic)m(h)c(sequence,)j(to)d(giv)m(e)g(a)f |
| | 18845 | (string.)43 b(Calls)29 b(to)i Fq(LUJOIN)h Fw(\(or)f(the)g(equiv)-5 |
| | 18846 | b(alen)m(t\))31 b(are)f(also)g(necessary)k(if)0 415 y |
| | 18847 | Fq(LUSHOW)g Fw(is)e(to)g(b)s(e)h(used)h(to)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(some)e |
| | 18848 | (partons)h(dev)m(elop)h(a)e(sho)m(w)m(er.)146 523 y(F)-8 |
| | 18849 | b(or)27 b(practical)g(applications,)g(one)h(should)g(note)g(that)f |
| | 18850 | Fm(Jetset)g Fw(e)2578 487 y Fl(+)2638 523 y Fw(e)2681 |
| | 18851 | 487 y Fk(\000)2768 523 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k(whic)m(h)d(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s |
| | 18852 | (een)0 632 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)37 b(to)g(sho)m(w)m(er)i(but)e(not)g(to)g |
| | 18853 | (fragmen)m(t,)h(do)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(partons)g(arranged)f(in)g(the)g |
| | 18854 | (order)h(assumed)0 740 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)26 b(so)e(that)g(a)g |
| | 18855 | (translation)e(to)h Fq(HEPEVT)i Fw(and)f(bac)m(k)h(do)s(es)f(not)g |
| | 18856 | (destro)m(y)h(the)f(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e(to)i(p)s(erform)0 |
| | 18857 | 848 y(fragmen)m(tation)34 b(b)m(y)j(a)f(simple)f Fq(LUEXEC)i |
| | 18858 | Fw(call.)53 b(Also)35 b(the)i(hard)f(in)m(teractions)g(in)f |
| | 18859 | Fm(Pythia)h Fw(ful\014l)f(this)0 957 y(condition,)c(while)g(problems)g |
| | 18860 | (ma)m(y)g(app)s(ear)h(in)f(the)i(m)m(ultiple)c(in)m(teraction)i |
| | 18861 | (scenario,)h(where)h(sev)m(eral)0 1065 y(closed)c(gg)h(lo)s(ops)e(ma)m |
| | 18862 | (y)g(app)s(ear)h(directly)g(follo)m(wing)d(one)j(another,)h(and)f(th)m |
| | 18863 | (us)h(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(in)m(terpreted)0 1173 y(as)k(a)f(single)g(m)m |
| | 18864 | (ultigluon)d(lo)s(op)i(after)h(translation)f(bac)m(k)j(and)e(forth.) |
| | 18865 | 1841 5953 y(67)p eop |
| | 18866 | %%Page: 68 74 |
| | 18867 | 68 73 bop 0 -18 a Ft(6)161 b(Hard)54 b(Pro)t(cesses)e(in)j(JETSET)0 |
| | 18868 | 189 y Fm(Jetset)38 b Fw(con)m(tains)h(the)h(sim)m(ulation)c(of)i(t)m(w) |
| | 18869 | m(o)i(hard)f(pro)s(cesses.)65 b(The)40 b(pro)s(cess)g(of)f(main)e(in)m |
| | 18870 | (terest)j(is)0 297 y(e)43 261 y Fl(+)102 297 y Fw(e)145 |
| | 18871 | 261 y Fk(\000)236 297 y Fn(!)31 b Fj(\015)423 261 y Fk(\003)462 |
| | 18872 | 297 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)571 261 y Fl(0)641 297 y Fn(!)g Fw(q)p |
| | 18873 | 823 244 52 4 v(q)q(.)49 b(Higher-order)34 b(QCD)h(corrections)f(can)h |
| | 18874 | (b)s(e)g(obtained)f(either)g(with)h(parton)0 405 y(sho)m(w)m(ers)29 |
| | 18875 | b(or)e(with)f(second-order)i(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts.)42 |
| | 18876 | b(The)28 b(details)d(of)i(the)g(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h(ev)m(olution)0 |
| | 18877 | 514 y(are)g(giv)m(en)g(in)g(section)g(10,)g(while)g(this)f(section)i |
| | 18878 | (con)m(tains)f(the)g(matrix-elemen)m(t)e(description,)j(includ-)0 |
| | 18879 | 622 y(ing)j(a)g(summary)g(of)g(the)h Fm(Jetset)f Fw(algorithm)d(for)j |
| | 18880 | (initial-state)d(photon)k(radiation.)41 b(Also)32 b Fm(Pythia)0 |
| | 18881 | 730 y Fw(can)42 b(b)s(e)g(used)i(to)d(sim)m(ulate)g(the)h(pro)s(cess)h |
| | 18882 | (e)1658 694 y Fl(+)1718 730 y Fw(e)1761 694 y Fk(\000)1864 |
| | 18883 | 730 y Fn(!)g Fj(\015)2063 694 y Fk(\003)2102 730 y Fj(=)p |
| | 18884 | Fw(Z)2211 694 y Fl(0)2294 730 y Fn(!)g Fw(q)p 2488 677 |
| | 18885 | V(q)q(,)h(but)f(without)e(the)i(options)e(of)0 839 y(using)31 |
| | 18886 | b(second-order)h(matrix)d(elemen)m(ts)j(or)e(p)s(olarized)g(incoming)f |
| | 18887 | (b)s(eams.)42 b(Some)31 b(other)g(di\013erences)0 947 |
| | 18888 | y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)g(algorithms)d(are)i(describ)s |
| | 18889 | (ed.)146 1055 y(The)25 b(other)f(hard)g(pro)s(cess)g(in)f |
| | 18890 | Fm(Jetset)g Fw(is)g(\007)h(deca)m(y)h(to)e(ggg)h(or)g |
| | 18891 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(gg)q(,)25 b(whic)m(h)f(is)g(brie\015y)f(commen)m(ted)0 |
| | 18892 | 1164 y(on.)146 1272 y(The)34 b(main)d(sources)j(of)e(information)d(for) |
| | 18893 | j(this)h(c)m(hapter)g(are)g(refs.)44 b([Sj\177)-49 b(o83)o(,)33 |
| | 18894 | b(Sj\177)-49 b(o86)o(,)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(o89)o(].)0 1544 |
| | 18895 | y Fp(6.1)135 b(Annihilation)46 b(Ev)l(en)l(ts)g(in)f(the)g(Con)l(tin)l |
| | 18896 | (uum)0 1716 y Fw(The)39 b(description)f(of)g(e)871 1680 |
| | 18897 | y Fl(+)931 1716 y Fw(e)974 1680 y Fk(\000)1071 1716 y |
| | 18898 | Fw(annihilation)d(in)m(to)j(hadronic)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(in)m(v)m(olv)m |
| | 18899 | (es)e(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(comp)s(o-)0 1825 y(nen)m(ts:)j(the)25 |
| | 18900 | b Fj(s)f Fw(dep)s(endence)j(of)d(the)g(total)f(cross)j(section)e(and)h |
| | 18901 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)g(comp)s(osition,)f(m)m(ultijet)e(matrix)0 |
| | 18902 | 1933 y(elemen)m(ts,)30 b(angular)e(orien)m(tation)f(of)i(ev)m(en)m(ts,) |
| | 18903 | j(initial-state)25 b(photon)30 b(bremsstrahlung)e(and)i(e\013ects)g(of) |
| | 18904 | 0 2041 y(initial-state)f(electron)k(p)s(olarization.)42 |
| | 18905 | b(Man)m(y)34 b(of)f(the)g(published)g(form)m(ulae)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s |
| | 18906 | (een)g(deriv)m(ed)g(for)0 2150 y(the)39 b(case)g(of)f(massless)g |
| | 18907 | (outgoing)f(quarks.)62 b(F)-8 b(or)38 b(eac)m(h)h(of)f(the)g(comp)s |
| | 18908 | (onen)m(ts)h(describ)s(ed)g(in)f(the)g(fol-)0 2258 y(lo)m(wing,)29 |
| | 18909 | b(w)m(e)j(will)27 b(b)s(egin)j(b)m(y)h(discussing)f(the)h(massless)f |
| | 18910 | (case,)i(and)e(then)h(commen)m(t)f(on)g(what)g(is)g(done)0 |
| | 18911 | 2366 y(to)i(accommo)s(date)f(massiv)m(e)i(quarks.)0 2612 |
| | 18912 | y Fo(6.1.1)112 b(Electro)m(w)m(eak)36 b(cross)i(sections)0 |
| | 18913 | 2785 y Fw(In)27 b(the)h(standard)f(theory)-8 b(,)29 b(fermions)d(ha)m |
| | 18914 | (v)m(e)i(the)g(follo)m(wing)c(couplings)i(\(illustrated)f(here)j(for)f |
| | 18915 | (the)g(\014rst)0 2893 y(generation\):)918 3085 y Fj(e)963 |
| | 18916 | 3100 y Fh(\027)1035 3085 y Fw(=)g(0,)275 b Fj(v)1536 |
| | 18917 | 3100 y Fh(\027)1607 3085 y Fw(=)27 b(1,)746 b Fj(a)2583 |
| | 18918 | 3100 y Fh(\027)2654 3085 y Fw(=)27 b(1,)918 3205 y Fj(e)963 |
| | 18919 | 3220 y Fl(e)1027 3205 y Fw(=)g Fn(\000)p Fw(1,)206 b |
| | 18920 | Fj(v)1536 3220 y Fl(e)1599 3205 y Fw(=)28 b Fn(\000)p |
| | 18921 | Fw(1)22 b(+)g(4)17 b(sin)2134 3166 y Fl(2)2174 3205 y |
| | 18922 | Fj(\022)2219 3220 y Fh(W)2300 3205 y Fw(,)205 b Fj(a)2583 |
| | 18923 | 3220 y Fl(e)2646 3205 y Fw(=)28 b Fn(\000)p Fw(1,)918 |
| | 18924 | 3326 y Fj(e)963 3341 y Fl(u)1035 3326 y Fw(=)f(2)p Fj(=)p |
| | 18925 | Fw(3,)177 b Fj(v)1536 3341 y Fl(u)1607 3326 y Fw(=)27 |
| | 18926 | b(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fw(8)17 b(sin)2066 3286 y Fl(2)2106 |
| | 18927 | 3326 y Fj(\022)2151 3341 y Fh(W)2232 3326 y Fj(=)p Fw(3,)175 |
| | 18928 | b Fj(a)2583 3341 y Fh(\027)2654 3326 y Fw(=)27 b(1,)918 |
| | 18929 | 3446 y Fj(e)963 3461 y Fl(d)1035 3446 y Fw(=)g Fn(\000)p |
| | 18930 | Fw(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(3,)100 b Fj(v)1536 3461 y Fl(d)1607 |
| | 18931 | 3446 y Fw(=)27 b Fn(\000)p Fw(1)c(+)f(4)17 b(sin)2142 |
| | 18932 | 3406 y Fl(2)2181 3446 y Fj(\022)2226 3461 y Fh(W)2307 |
| | 18933 | 3446 y Fj(=)p Fw(3,)100 b Fj(a)2583 3461 y Fl(d)2654 |
| | 18934 | 3446 y Fw(=)28 b Fn(\000)p Fw(1,)0 3637 y(with)40 b Fj(e)h |
| | 18935 | Fw(the)g(electric)f(c)m(harge,)k(and)d Fj(v)j Fw(and)d |
| | 18936 | Fj(a)g Fw(the)g(v)m(ector)h(and)e(axial)f(couplings)h(to)h(the)g(Z)3478 |
| | 18937 | 3601 y Fl(0)3517 3637 y Fw(.)68 b(The)0 3745 y(relativ)m(e)25 |
| | 18938 | b(energy)i(dep)s(endence)i(of)c(the)i(w)m(eak)g(neutral)f(curren)m(t)h |
| | 18939 | (to)e(the)i(electromagnetic)d(one)j(is)e(giv)m(en)0 3854 |
| | 18940 | y(b)m(y)990 4013 y Fj(\037)p Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))j(=)1622 |
| | 18941 | 3945 y(1)p 1314 3990 664 4 v 1314 4082 a(4)17 b(sin)1499 |
| | 18942 | 4042 y Fl(2)1539 4082 y Fj(\022)1584 4097 y Fh(W)1682 |
| | 18943 | 4082 y Fw(cos)1812 4053 y Fl(2)1852 4082 y Fj(\022)1897 |
| | 18944 | 4097 y Fh(W)2349 3945 y Fj(s)p 2025 3990 695 4 v 2025 |
| | 18945 | 4081 a(s)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(m)2278 4047 y Fl(2)2278 4105 |
| | 18946 | y(Z)2348 4081 y Fw(+)f Fj(im)2564 4096 y Fl(Z)2612 4081 |
| | 18947 | y Fw(\000)2673 4096 y Fl(Z)2762 4013 y Fj(;)817 b Fw(\(19\))0 |
| | 18948 | 4244 y(where)40 b Fj(s)e Fw(=)f Fj(E)563 4208 y Fl(2)557 |
| | 18949 | 4269 y(cm)652 4244 y Fw(.)61 b(In)39 b Fm(Jetset)f Fw(the)h(electro)m |
| | 18950 | (w)m(eak)h(mixing)c(parameter)i(sin)2861 4204 y Fl(2)2901 |
| | 18951 | 4244 y Fj(\022)2946 4259 y Fh(W)3065 4244 y Fw(and)h(the)g(Z)3495 |
| | 18952 | 4208 y Fl(0)3573 4244 y Fw(mass)0 4353 y Fj(m)85 4368 |
| | 18953 | y Fl(Z)173 4353 y Fw(and)h(width)g(\000)715 4368 y Fl(Z)802 |
| | 18954 | 4353 y Fw(are)h(considered)g(as)f(constan)m(ts)i(to)d(b)s(e)i(giv)m(en) |
| | 18955 | f(b)m(y)h(y)m(ou)g(\(while)e Fm(Pythia)i Fw(itself)0 |
| | 18956 | 4461 y(calculates)32 b(an)g Fj(s)p Fw(-dep)s(enden)m(t)i(width\).)146 |
| | 18957 | 4569 y(Although)e(the)i(incoming)c(e)1206 4533 y Fl(+)1298 |
| | 18958 | 4569 y Fw(and)j(e)1531 4533 y Fk(\000)1623 4569 y Fw(b)s(eams)g(are)g |
| | 18959 | (normally)d(unp)s(olarized,)i(w)m(e)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(included)0 |
| | 18960 | 4678 y(the)d(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e(of)h(p)s(olarized)f(b)s(eams,)i(follo) |
| | 18961 | m(wing)d(the)k(formalism)27 b(of)j([Ols80)o(].)43 b(Th)m(us)33 |
| | 18962 | b(the)e(incoming)0 4786 y(e)43 4750 y Fl(+)135 4786 y |
| | 18963 | Fw(and)i(e)368 4750 y Fk(\000)460 4786 y Fw(are)f(c)m(haracterized)i(b) |
| | 18964 | m(y)f(p)s(olarizations)d Fo(P)2006 4750 y Fk(\006)2097 |
| | 18965 | 4786 y Fw(in)i(the)h(rest)g(frame)f(of)g(the)h(particles:)1419 |
| | 18966 | 4980 y Fo(P)1496 4939 y Fk(\006)1582 4980 y Fw(=)28 b |
| | 18967 | Fj(P)1763 4939 y Fk(\006)1749 5004 y Fl(T)1819 4979 y |
| | 18968 | Fw(^)1821 4980 y Fo(s)1865 4939 y Fk(\006)1946 4980 y |
| | 18969 | Fw(+)22 b Fj(P)2121 4939 y Fk(\006)2107 5004 y Fl(L)2187 |
| | 18970 | 4979 y Fw(^)2180 4980 y Fo(p)2242 4939 y Fk(\006)2334 |
| | 18971 | 4980 y Fj(;)1245 b Fw(\(20\))0 5173 y(where)34 b(0)27 |
| | 18972 | b Fn(\024)h Fj(P)540 5132 y Fk(\006)526 5198 y Fl(T)627 |
| | 18973 | 5173 y Fn(\024)g Fw(1)k(and)h Fn(\000)p Fw(1)28 b Fn(\024)g |
| | 18974 | Fj(P)1339 5132 y Fk(\006)1325 5198 y Fl(L)1425 5173 y |
| | 18975 | Fn(\024)g Fw(1,)k(with)h(the)g(constrain)m(t)1267 5367 |
| | 18976 | y(\()p Fo(P)1382 5326 y Fk(\006)1441 5367 y Fw(\))1479 |
| | 18977 | 5326 y Fl(2)1546 5367 y Fw(=)27 b(\()p Fj(P)1764 5326 |
| | 18978 | y Fk(\006)1750 5392 y Fl(T)1823 5367 y Fw(\))1861 5326 |
| | 18979 | y Fl(2)1922 5367 y Fw(+)22 b(\()p Fj(P)2135 5326 y Fk(\006)2121 |
| | 18980 | 5392 y Fl(L)2194 5367 y Fw(\))2232 5326 y Fl(2)2299 5367 |
| | 18981 | y Fn(\024)28 b Fw(1)k Fj(:)1094 b Fw(\(21\))0 5561 y(Here)238 |
| | 18982 | 5560 y(^)240 5561 y Fo(s)284 5525 y Fk(\006)385 5561 |
| | 18983 | y Fw(are)42 b(unit)g(v)m(ectors)i(p)s(erp)s(endicular)d(to)h(the)g(b)s |
| | 18984 | (eam)g(directions)2781 5560 y(^)2774 5561 y Fo(p)2836 |
| | 18985 | 5525 y Fk(\006)2895 5561 y Fw(.)73 b(T)-8 b(o)42 b(b)s(e)g(sp)s |
| | 18986 | (eci\014c,)j(w)m(e)0 5669 y(c)m(ho)s(ose)d(a)f(righ)m(t-handed)g(co)s |
| | 18987 | (ordinate)g(frame)f(with)2003 5668 y(^)1996 5669 y Fo(p)2058 |
| | 18988 | 5633 y Fk(\006)2160 5669 y Fw(=)i(\(0)p Fj(;)17 b Fw(0)p |
| | 18989 | Fj(;)g Fn(\007)p Fw(1\),)43 b(and)f(standard)f(transv)m(erse)1841 |
| | 18990 | 5953 y(68)p eop |
| | 18991 | %%Page: 69 75 |
| | 18992 | 69 74 bop 0 -18 a Fw(p)s(olarization)35 b(directions)j(\(out)g(of)f |
| | 18993 | (the)i(mac)m(hine)f(plane)g(for)f(storage)i(rings\))2934 |
| | 18994 | -19 y(^)2936 -18 y Fo(s)2980 -55 y Fk(\006)3077 -18 y |
| | 18995 | Fw(=)e(\(0)p Fj(;)17 b Fn(\006)p Fw(1)p Fj(;)g Fw(0\),)39 |
| | 18996 | b(the)0 90 y(latter)30 b(corresp)s(onding)i(to)f(azim)m(uthal)e(angles) |
| | 18997 | j Fj(')1816 54 y Fk(\006)1902 90 y Fw(=)c Fn(\006)p Fj(\031)t(=)p |
| | 18998 | Fw(2.)43 b(As)32 b(free)g(parameters)f(in)g(the)h(program)0 |
| | 18999 | 233 y(w)m(e)i(c)m(ho)s(ose)f Fj(P)530 192 y Fl(+)516 |
| | 19000 | 258 y(L)589 233 y Fw(,)f Fj(P)725 192 y Fk(\000)711 258 |
| | 19001 | y Fl(L)784 233 y Fw(,)g Fj(P)906 248 y Fl(T)989 233 y |
| | 19002 | Fw(=)1092 130 y Fg(q)p 1175 130 271 4 v 103 x Fj(P)1252 |
| | 19003 | 192 y Fl(+)1238 258 y(T)1311 233 y Fj(P)1388 192 y Fk(\000)1374 |
| | 19004 | 258 y Fl(T)1479 233 y Fw(and)h(\001)p Fj(')27 b Fw(=)h(\()p |
| | 19005 | Fj(')2047 197 y Fl(+)2128 233 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(')2290 197 |
| | 19006 | y Fk(\000)2349 233 y Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(2.)146 363 y(In)30 |
| | 19007 | b(the)g(massless)g(QED)f(case,)i(the)f(probabilit)m(y)d(to)i(pro)s |
| | 19008 | (duce)h(a)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(f)36 b(is)29 b(prop)s(ortional)e(to)i |
| | 19009 | Fj(e)3713 327 y Fl(2)3713 388 y(f)3752 363 y Fw(,)0 471 |
| | 19010 | y(i.e)38 b(up-t)m(yp)s(e)i(quarks)g(are)f(four)g(times)f(as)h(lik)m |
| | 19011 | (ely)e(as)i(do)m(wn-t)m(yp)s(e)i(ones.)63 b(In)39 b(lo)m(w)m(est-order) |
| | 19012 | g(massless)0 580 y(QFD)32 b(the)h(corresp)s(onding)f(relativ)m(e)g |
| | 19013 | (probabilities)e(are)i(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)g([Ols80])163 |
| | 19014 | 812 y Fj(h)219 827 y Fl(f)250 812 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))83 |
| | 19015 | b(=)g Fj(e)659 771 y Fl(2)659 837 y(e)715 812 y Fw(\(1)22 |
| | 19016 | b Fn(\000)h Fj(P)1001 771 y Fl(+)987 837 y(L)1059 812 |
| | 19017 | y Fj(P)1136 771 y Fk(\000)1122 837 y Fl(L)1194 812 y |
| | 19018 | Fw(\))17 b Fj(e)1294 771 y Fl(2)1294 837 y(f)1372 812 |
| | 19019 | y Fw(+)39 b(2)p Fj(e)1581 827 y Fl(e)1633 716 y Fg(n)1688 |
| | 19020 | 812 y Fj(v)1735 827 y Fl(e)1771 812 y Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 19021 | Fj(P)2057 771 y Fl(+)2043 837 y(L)2115 812 y Fj(P)2192 |
| | 19022 | 771 y Fk(\000)2178 837 y Fl(L)2251 812 y Fw(\))f Fn(\000)g |
| | 19023 | Fj(a)2461 827 y Fl(e)2497 812 y Fw(\()p Fj(P)2612 771 |
| | 19024 | y Fk(\000)2598 837 y Fl(L)2692 812 y Fn(\000)h Fj(P)2869 |
| | 19025 | 771 y Fl(+)2855 837 y(L)2928 812 y Fw(\))2966 716 y Fg(o)3054 |
| | 19026 | 812 y Fn(<)p Fj(\037)p Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))17 b Fj(e)3371 |
| | 19027 | 827 y Fl(f)3402 812 y Fj(v)3449 827 y Fl(f)3519 812 y |
| | 19028 | Fw(+)614 995 y(+)723 899 y Fg(n)778 995 y Fw(\()p Fj(v)867 |
| | 19029 | 954 y Fl(2)863 1020 y(e)928 995 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(a)1077 |
| | 19030 | 954 y Fl(2)1077 1020 y(e)1117 995 y Fw(\)\(1)g Fn(\000)h |
| | 19031 | Fj(P)1441 954 y Fl(+)1427 1020 y(L)1499 995 y Fj(P)1576 |
| | 19032 | 954 y Fk(\000)1562 1020 y Fl(L)1634 995 y Fw(\))g Fn(\000)f |
| | 19033 | Fw(2)p Fj(v)1890 1010 y Fl(e)1926 995 y Fj(a)1977 1010 |
| | 19034 | y Fl(e)2012 995 y Fw(\()p Fj(P)2127 954 y Fk(\000)2113 |
| | 19035 | 1020 y Fl(L)2208 995 y Fn(\000)g Fj(P)2384 954 y Fl(+)2370 |
| | 19036 | 1020 y(L)2443 995 y Fw(\))2481 899 y Fg(o)2569 995 y |
| | 19037 | Fn(j)p Fj(\037)p Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))p Fn(j)2808 946 |
| | 19038 | y Fl(2)2880 899 y Fg(n)2936 995 y Fj(v)2987 954 y Fl(2)2983 |
| | 19039 | 1020 y(f)3048 995 y Fw(+)g Fj(a)3197 954 y Fl(2)3197 |
| | 19040 | 1020 y(f)3237 899 y Fg(o)3341 995 y Fj(;)238 b Fw(\(22\))0 |
| | 19041 | 1227 y(where)37 b Fn(<)p Fj(\037)p Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))f(denotes)h |
| | 19042 | (the)f(real)f(part)h(of)f Fj(\037)p Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\).)53 |
| | 19043 | b(The)37 b Fj(h)2148 1242 y Fl(f)2179 1227 y Fw(\()p |
| | 19044 | Fj(s)p Fw(\))e(expression)j(dep)s(ends)f(b)s(oth)f(on)f(the)i |
| | 19045 | Fj(s)0 1336 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(and)h(on)f(the)h(longitudinal)c(p)s |
| | 19046 | (olarization)g(of)j(the)h(e)2148 1300 y Fk(\006)2240 |
| | 19047 | 1336 y Fw(b)s(eams)g(in)e(a)i(non-trivial)c(w)m(a)m(y)-8 |
| | 19048 | b(.)146 1444 y(The)34 b(cross)f(section)g(for)f(the)h(pro)s(cess)h(e) |
| | 19049 | 1612 1408 y Fl(+)1671 1444 y Fw(e)1714 1408 y Fk(\000)1801 |
| | 19050 | 1444 y Fn(!)28 b Fj(\015)1985 1408 y Fk(\003)2024 1444 |
| | 19051 | y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2133 1408 y Fl(0)2200 1444 y Fn(!)f Fw(f)p |
| | 19052 | 2364 1365 37 4 v 7 w(f)39 b(ma)m(y)32 b(no)m(w)i(b)s(e)e(written)h(as) |
| | 19053 | 1435 1723 y Fj(\033)1490 1738 y Fl(f)1521 1723 y Fw(\()p |
| | 19054 | Fj(s)p Fw(\))28 b(=)1784 1656 y(4)p Fj(\031)t(\013)1955 |
| | 19055 | 1620 y Fl(2)1954 1680 y(em)p 1784 1700 265 4 v 1869 1792 |
| | 19056 | a Fw(3)p Fj(s)2058 1723 y(R)2132 1738 y Fl(f)2163 1723 |
| | 19057 | y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))33 b Fj(;)1261 b Fw(\(23\))0 1976 |
| | 19058 | y(where)39 b Fj(R)361 1991 y Fl(f)430 1976 y Fw(giv)m(es)f(the)g(ratio) |
| | 19059 | e(to)i(the)g(lo)m(w)m(est-order)g(QED)g(cross)g(section)g(for)f(the)i |
| | 19060 | (pro)s(cess)g(e)3482 1940 y Fl(+)3541 1976 y Fw(e)3584 |
| | 19061 | 1940 y Fk(\000)3680 1976 y Fn(!)0 2084 y Fj(\026)59 2048 |
| | 19062 | y Fl(+)118 2084 y Fj(\026)177 2048 y Fk(\000)235 2084 |
| | 19063 | y Fw(,)1372 2192 y Fj(R)1446 2207 y Fl(f)1477 2192 y |
| | 19064 | Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))28 b(=)f Fj(N)1808 2207 y Fh(C)1884 |
| | 19065 | 2192 y Fj(R)1958 2207 y Fl(QCD)2139 2192 y Fj(h)2195 |
| | 19066 | 2207 y Fl(f)2226 2192 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))32 b Fj(:)1199 |
| | 19067 | b Fw(\(24\))0 2355 y(The)37 b(factor)e(of)h Fj(N)679 |
| | 19068 | 2370 y Fh(C)771 2355 y Fw(=)e(3)h(coun)m(ts)i(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f |
| | 19069 | (of)f(colour)g(states)i(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)34 b(for)h(the)h(q)p |
| | 19070 | 3275 2302 52 4 v(q)h(pair.)53 b(The)0 2463 y Fj(R)74 |
| | 19071 | 2478 y Fl(QCD)264 2463 y Fw(factor)26 b(tak)m(es)i(in)m(to)d(accoun)m |
| | 19072 | (t)i(QCD)f(lo)s(op)f(corrections)h(to)g(the)h(cross)g(section.)41 |
| | 19073 | b(F)-8 b(or)26 b Fj(n)3364 2478 y Fh(f)3435 2463 y Fw(e\013ectiv)m(e)0 |
| | 19074 | 2571 y(\015a)m(v)m(ours)34 b(\(normally)c Fj(n)866 2586 |
| | 19075 | y Fh(f)939 2571 y Fw(=)e(5\))866 2848 y Fj(R)940 2863 |
| | 19076 | y Fl(QCD)1131 2848 y Fn(\031)h Fw(1)22 b(+)1415 2781 |
| | 19077 | y Fj(\013)1477 2796 y Fl(s)p 1415 2825 95 4 v 1433 2917 |
| | 19078 | a Fj(\031)1542 2848 y Fw(+)g(\(1)p Fj(:)p Fw(986)f Fn(\000)i |
| | 19079 | Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(115)p Fj(n)2303 2863 y Fh(f)2347 2848 |
| | 19080 | y Fw(\))2402 2727 y Fg(\022)2473 2781 y Fj(\013)2535 |
| | 19081 | 2796 y Fl(s)p 2473 2825 V 2491 2917 a Fj(\031)2577 2727 |
| | 19082 | y Fg(\023)2638 2750 y Fl(2)2700 2848 y Fw(+)f Fn(\001)17 |
| | 19083 | b(\001)g(\001)690 b Fw(\(25\))0 3116 y(in)35 b(the)p |
| | 19084 | 289 3038 144 4 v 37 w(MS)i(renormalization)c(sc)m(heme)k([Din79)n(].)55 |
| | 19085 | b(Note)36 b(that)g Fj(R)2426 3131 y Fl(QCD)2626 3116 |
| | 19086 | y Fw(do)s(es)h(not)f(a\013ect)h(the)f(relativ)m(e)0 3224 |
| | 19087 | y(quark-\015a)m(v)m(our)j(comp)s(osition,)e(and)h(so)g(is)g(of)f(p)s |
| | 19088 | (eripheral)g(in)m(terest)h(in)g Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)58 b(\(F)-8 |
| | 19089 | b(or)37 b(leptons)h(the)0 3332 y Fj(N)78 3347 y Fh(C)176 |
| | 19090 | 3332 y Fw(and)g Fj(R)445 3347 y Fl(QCD)647 3332 y Fw(factors)h(w)m |
| | 19091 | (ould)f(b)s(e)h(absen)m(t,)i(i.e.)60 b Fj(N)2004 3347 |
| | 19092 | y Fh(C)2080 3332 y Fj(R)2154 3347 y Fl(QCD)2356 3332 |
| | 19093 | y Fw(=)37 b(1,)j(but)e(leptonic)g(\014nal)f(states)i(are)0 |
| | 19094 | 3441 y(not)32 b(generated)i(in)e Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.\))146 |
| | 19095 | 3549 y(Neglecting)d(higher-order)h(QCD)g(and)g(QFD)f(e\013ects,)j(the)f |
| | 19096 | (corrections)f(for)g(massiv)m(e)g(quarks)h(are)0 3677 |
| | 19097 | y(giv)m(en)j(in)f(terms)h(of)f(the)i(v)m(elo)s(cit)m(y)e |
| | 19098 | Fj(v)1334 3692 y Fl(q)1410 3677 y Fw(of)g(a)h(quark)g(with)g(mass)g |
| | 19099 | Fj(m)2432 3692 y Fl(q)2473 3677 y Fw(,)g Fj(v)2581 3692 |
| | 19100 | y Fl(q)2653 3677 y Fw(=)2759 3583 y Fg(q)p 2842 3583 |
| | 19101 | 441 4 v 94 x Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fw(4)p Fj(m)3146 3648 |
| | 19102 | y Fl(2)3146 3702 y(q)3188 3677 y Fj(=s)o Fw(,)35 b(as)f(follo)m(ws.)0 |
| | 19103 | 3817 y(The)g(v)m(ector)f(quark)h(curren)m(t)f(terms)g(in)f |
| | 19104 | Fj(h)1550 3832 y Fl(f)1613 3817 y Fw(\(prop)s(ortional)e(to)i |
| | 19105 | Fj(e)2376 3781 y Fl(2)2376 3841 y(f)2416 3817 y Fw(,)h |
| | 19106 | Fj(e)2521 3832 y Fl(f)2552 3817 y Fj(v)2599 3832 y Fl(f)2630 |
| | 19107 | 3817 y Fw(,)f(or)h Fj(v)2860 3781 y Fl(2)2856 3841 y(f)2899 |
| | 19108 | 3817 y Fw(\))f(are)h(m)m(ultiplied)c(b)m(y)34 b(a)0 3925 |
| | 19109 | y(threshold)f(factor)g Fj(v)756 3940 y Fl(q)797 3925 |
| | 19110 | y Fw(\(3)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(v)1057 3889 y Fl(2)1053 3950 |
| | 19111 | y(q)1096 3925 y Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(2,)33 b(while)f(the)h(axial)e(v)m |
| | 19112 | (ector)j(quark)g(curren)m(t)g(term)f(\(prop)s(ortional)d(to)0 |
| | 19113 | 4050 y Fj(a)51 4014 y Fl(2)51 4074 y(f)91 4050 y Fw(\))35 |
| | 19114 | b(is)f(m)m(ultiplied)e(b)m(y)k Fj(v)919 4014 y Fl(3)915 |
| | 19115 | 4074 y(q)958 4050 y Fw(.)51 b(While)34 b(inclusion)g(of)g(quark)i |
| | 19116 | (masses)g(in)e(the)i(QFD)e(form)m(ulae)f(decreases)0 |
| | 19117 | 4170 y(the)e(total)e(cross)i(section,)g(\014rst-order)g(QCD)f |
| | 19118 | (corrections)h(tend)g(in)e(the)i(opp)s(osite)f(direction)f([Jer81].)0 |
| | 19119 | 4279 y(Na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(ely)-8 b(,)34 b(one)f(w)m(ould)h |
| | 19120 | (exp)s(ect)h(one)f(factor)f(of)g Fj(v)1767 4294 y Fl(q)1842 |
| | 19121 | 4279 y Fw(to)h(get)f(cancelled.)47 b(So)33 b(far,)h(the)g(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 19122 | b(ailable)31 b(options)0 4387 y(are)i(either)f(to)g(include)g |
| | 19123 | (threshold)h(factors)f(in)g(full)f(or)h(not)h(at)f(all.)146 |
| | 19124 | 4495 y(Giv)m(en)38 b(that)f(all)f(\014v)m(e)i(quarks)h(are)f(ligh)m(t)e |
| | 19125 | (at)h(the)h(scale)f(of)g(the)h(Z)2576 4459 y Fl(0)2615 |
| | 19126 | 4495 y Fw(,)h(the)f(issue)g(of)f(quark)i(masses)0 4604 |
| | 19127 | y(is)31 b(not)g(really)g(of)g(in)m(terest)h(at)f(LEP)-8 |
| | 19128 | b(.)32 b(Here,)g(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(purely)c(w)m(eak)i(corrections)f |
| | 19129 | (are)f(imp)s(ortan)m(t,)f(in)0 4712 y(particular)i(since)j(they)g(c)m |
| | 19130 | (hange)g(the)f(b)g(quark)h(partial)d(width)i(di\013eren)m(tly)g(from)e |
| | 19131 | (that)i(of)g(the)g(other)0 4820 y(ones)f([K)s(\177)-51 |
| | 19132 | b(uh89)o(].)44 b(No)32 b(suc)m(h)i(e\013ects)g(are)f(included)f(in)g |
| | 19133 | (the)h(program.)0 5068 y Fo(6.1.2)112 b(First-order)37 |
| | 19134 | b(QCD)h(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)0 5241 y Fw(The)26 b(Born)g(pro)s(cess)g |
| | 19135 | (e)804 5205 y Fl(+)864 5241 y Fw(e)907 5205 y Fk(\000)994 |
| | 19136 | 5241 y Fn(!)h Fw(q)p 1172 5188 52 4 v(q)f(is)f(mo)s(di\014ed)f(in)h |
| | 19137 | (\014rst-order)h(QCD)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(probabilit)m(y)d(for)i(the)h(q)g |
| | 19138 | (or)p 0 5296 V 0 5349 a(q)31 b(to)f(radiate)f(a)h(gluon,)g(i.e.)43 |
| | 19139 | b(b)m(y)31 b(the)g(pro)s(cess)g(e)1744 5313 y Fl(+)1804 |
| | 19140 | 5349 y Fw(e)1847 5313 y Fk(\000)1934 5349 y Fn(!)c Fw(q)p |
| | 19141 | 2112 5296 V(q)q(g)q(.)43 b(The)31 b(matrix)e(elemen)m(t)h(is)g(con)m(v) |
| | 19142 | m(enien)m(tly)0 5458 y(giv)m(en)35 b(in)g(terms)g(of)g(scaled)g(energy) |
| | 19143 | i(v)-5 b(ariables)34 b(in)g(the)i(c.m.)51 b(frame)34 |
| | 19144 | b(of)h(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)i Fj(x)3195 5473 y Fl(1)3267 |
| | 19145 | 5458 y Fw(=)32 b(2)p Fj(E)3496 5473 y Fl(q)3537 5458 |
| | 19146 | y Fj(=E)3658 5473 y Fl(cm)3752 5458 y Fw(,)1841 5953 |
| | 19147 | y(69)p eop |
| | 19148 | %%Page: 70 76 |
| | 19149 | 70 75 bop 0 -18 a Fj(x)55 -3 y Fl(2)123 -18 y Fw(=)27 |
| | 19150 | b(2)p Fj(E)p 347 -42 42 4 v 14 x Fl(q)388 -18 y Fj(=E)509 |
| | 19151 | -3 y Fl(cm)604 -18 y Fw(,)32 b(and)g Fj(x)907 -3 y Fl(3)975 |
| | 19152 | -18 y Fw(=)27 b(2)p Fj(E)1199 -3 y Fl(g)1240 -18 y Fj(=E)1361 |
| | 19153 | -3 y Fl(cm)1455 -18 y Fw(,)32 b(i.e.)43 b Fj(x)1737 -3 |
| | 19154 | y Fl(1)1798 -18 y Fw(+)21 b Fj(x)1950 -3 y Fl(2)2011 |
| | 19155 | -18 y Fw(+)f Fj(x)2162 -3 y Fl(3)2230 -18 y Fw(=)28 b(2.)43 |
| | 19156 | b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(massless)h(quarks)i(the)e(matrix)0 90 |
| | 19157 | y(elemen)m(t)g(reads)i([Ell76)n(])1098 291 y(1)p 1075 |
| | 19158 | 336 95 4 v 1075 427 a Fj(\033)1130 442 y Fl(0)1308 291 |
| | 19159 | y Fw(d)p Fj(\033)p 1207 336 315 4 v 1207 427 a Fw(d)p |
| | 19160 | Fj(x)1316 442 y Fl(1)1372 427 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)1481 442 |
| | 19161 | y Fl(2)1559 359 y Fw(=)1680 291 y Fj(\013)1742 306 y |
| | 19162 | Fl(s)p 1673 336 108 4 v 1673 427 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1807 |
| | 19163 | 359 y(C)1877 374 y Fh(F)2148 291 y Fj(x)2203 255 y Fl(2)2203 |
| | 19164 | 316 y(1)2265 291 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(x)2418 255 y Fl(2)2418 |
| | 19165 | 316 y(2)p 1962 336 683 4 v 1962 427 a Fw(\(1)g Fn(\000)g |
| | 19166 | Fj(x)2225 442 y Fl(1)2265 427 y Fw(\)\(1)g Fn(\000)h |
| | 19167 | Fj(x)2567 442 y Fl(2)2607 427 y Fw(\))2687 359 y Fj(;)892 |
| | 19168 | b Fw(\(26\))0 625 y(where)32 b Fj(\033)335 640 y Fl(0)406 |
| | 19169 | 625 y Fw(is)e(the)h(lo)m(w)m(est-order)g(cross)h(section,)g |
| | 19170 | Fj(C)1874 640 y Fh(F)1960 625 y Fw(=)27 b(4)p Fj(=)p |
| | 19171 | Fw(3)j(is)h(the)g(appropriate)f(colour)g(factor,)g(and)0 |
| | 19172 | 733 y(the)k(kinematically)c(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(region)h(is)g(0)28 |
| | 19173 | b Fn(\024)i Fj(x)1750 748 y Fh(i)1807 733 y Fn(\024)f |
| | 19174 | Fw(1)p Fj(;)17 b(i)29 b Fw(=)g(1)p Fj(;)17 b Fw(2)p Fj(;)g |
| | 19175 | Fw(3.)44 b(By)34 b(kinematics,)e(the)i Fj(x)3370 748 |
| | 19176 | y Fh(k)3446 733 y Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)0 841 y(for)42 b(parton)h |
| | 19177 | Fj(k)j Fw(is)c(related)g(to)h(the)g(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)41 |
| | 19178 | b(mass)i Fj(m)2086 856 y Fh(ij)2190 841 y Fw(of)f(the)h(other)g(t)m(w)m |
| | 19179 | (o)h(partons)f Fj(i)g Fw(and)g Fj(j)49 b Fw(b)m(y)0 950 |
| | 19180 | y Fj(y)48 965 y Fh(ij)136 950 y Fw(=)27 b Fj(m)324 913 |
| | 19181 | y Fl(2)324 974 y Fh(ij)385 950 y Fj(=E)512 913 y Fl(2)506 |
| | 19182 | 974 y(cm)628 950 y Fw(=)h(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(x)957 965 |
| | 19183 | y Fh(k)1000 950 y Fw(.)146 1058 y(The)34 b(strong)e(coupling)g(constan) |
| | 19184 | m(t)h Fj(\013)1491 1073 y Fl(s)1556 1058 y Fw(is)f(in)g(\014rst)h |
| | 19185 | (order)f(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)1186 1307 y Fj(\013)1248 1322 |
| | 19186 | y Fl(s)1280 1307 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)1395 1266 y Fl(2)1434 |
| | 19187 | 1307 y Fw(\))28 b(=)1991 1239 y(12)p Fj(\031)p 1614 1283 |
| | 19188 | 911 4 v 1614 1375 a Fw(\(33)21 b Fn(\000)i Fw(2)p Fj(n)1978 |
| | 19189 | 1390 y Fh(f)2023 1375 y Fw(\))33 b(ln\()p Fj(Q)2291 1346 |
| | 19190 | y Fl(2)2330 1375 y Fj(=)p Fw(\003)2447 1346 y Fl(2)2486 |
| | 19191 | 1375 y Fw(\))2567 1307 y Fj(:)1012 b Fw(\(27\))0 1580 |
| | 19192 | y(Con)m(v)m(en)m(tionally)30 b Fj(Q)744 1543 y Fl(2)812 |
| | 19193 | 1580 y Fw(=)d Fj(s)h Fw(=)g Fj(E)1171 1543 y Fl(2)1165 |
| | 19194 | 1604 y(cm)1259 1580 y Fw(;)k(w)m(e)f(will)e(return)i(to)f(this)h(issue) |
| | 19195 | g(b)s(elo)m(w.)43 b(The)32 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours)0 |
| | 19196 | 1688 y Fj(n)58 1703 y Fh(f)137 1688 y Fw(is)k(5)g(for)f(LEP)h |
| | 19197 | (applications,)f(and)h(so)g(the)g(\003)g(v)-5 b(alue)33 |
| | 19198 | b(determined)h(is)f(\003)2783 1703 y Fl(5)2856 1688 y |
| | 19199 | Fw(\(while)g(e.g.)48 b(most)33 b(deep)0 1796 y(inelastic)27 |
| | 19200 | b(scattering)i(studies)h(refer)g(to)f(\003)1552 1811 |
| | 19201 | y Fl(4)1591 1796 y Fw(,)h(the)f(energies)h(for)e(these)j(exp)s(erimen)m |
| | 19202 | (ts)f(b)s(eing)e(b)s(elo)m(w)h(the)0 1905 y(b)s(ottom)f(threshold\).)42 |
| | 19203 | b(The)30 b Fj(\013)1103 1920 y Fl(s)1164 1905 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 19204 | b(alues)29 b(are)g(matc)m(hed)g(at)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(thresholds,)g |
| | 19205 | (i.e.)42 b(as)29 b Fj(n)3266 1920 y Fh(f)3341 1905 y |
| | 19206 | Fw(is)f(c)m(hanged)0 2013 y(the)e(\003)g(v)-5 b(alue)25 |
| | 19207 | b(is)g(also)g(c)m(hanged.)42 b(It)26 b(is)g(therefore)g(the)g(deriv)-5 |
| | 19208 | b(ativ)m(e)25 b(of)h Fj(\013)2553 2028 y Fl(s)2611 2013 |
| | 19209 | y Fw(that)f(c)m(hanges)i(at)f(a)f(threshold,)0 2121 y(not)32 |
| | 19210 | b Fj(\013)235 2136 y Fl(s)300 2121 y Fw(itself.)146 2230 |
| | 19211 | y(In)k(order)g(to)g(separate)g(2-jets)g(from)e(3-jets,)j(it)e(is)g |
| | 19212 | (useful)h(to)f(in)m(tro)s(duce)h(jet-resolution)e(param-)0 |
| | 19213 | 2338 y(eters.)85 b(This)46 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(done)h(in)e(sev)m(eral)i |
| | 19214 | (di\013eren)m(t)f(w)m(a)m(ys.)86 b(Most)46 b(famous)g(are)g(the)g |
| | 19215 | Fj(y)j Fw(and)e(\()p Fj(\017;)17 b(\016)t Fw(\))0 2446 |
| | 19216 | y(pro)s(cedures.)50 b(W)-8 b(e)35 b(will)d(only)i(refer)h(to)f(the)h |
| | 19217 | Fj(y)i Fw(cut,)f(whic)m(h)f(is)f(the)g(one)h(used)h(in)d(the)i |
| | 19218 | (program.)48 b(Here)0 2555 y(a)32 b(3-parton)g(con\014guration)g(is)g |
| | 19219 | (called)f(a)h(2-jet)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(if)1281 2825 y(min)1325 |
| | 19220 | 2883 y Fh(i;j)1444 2825 y Fw(\()p Fj(y)1530 2840 y Fh(ij)1590 |
| | 19221 | 2825 y Fw(\))28 b(=)f(min)1802 2883 y Fh(i;j)1938 2679 |
| | 19222 | y Fg( )2024 2751 y Fj(m)2109 2715 y Fl(2)2109 2775 y |
| | 19223 | Fh(ij)p 2014 2802 167 4 v 2014 2893 a Fj(E)2092 2864 |
| | 19224 | y Fl(2)2086 2918 y(cm)2190 2679 y Fg(!)2284 2825 y Fj(<)g(y)36 |
| | 19225 | b(:)1108 b Fw(\(28\))146 3097 y(The)44 b(cross)g(section)f(in)f(eq.)h |
| | 19226 | (\(26\))f(div)m(erges)i(for)e Fj(x)2046 3112 y Fl(1)2131 |
| | 19227 | 3097 y Fn(!)j Fw(1)d(or)h Fj(x)2552 3112 y Fl(2)2637 |
| | 19228 | 3097 y Fn(!)h Fw(1)f(but,)i(when)f(\014rst-order)0 3205 |
| | 19229 | y(propagator)27 b(and)h(v)m(ertex)i(corrections)e(are)f(included,)i(a)f |
| | 19230 | (corresp)s(onding)f(singularit)m(y)g(with)g(opp)s(osite)0 |
| | 19231 | 3314 y(sign)k(app)s(ears)h(in)g(the)g(q)p 892 3261 52 |
| | 19232 | 4 v(q)h(cross)f(section,)h(so)f(that)f(the)h(total)f(cross)i(section)e |
| | 19233 | (is)h(\014nite.)43 b(In)32 b(analytical)0 3422 y(calculations,)26 |
| | 19234 | b(the)g(a)m(v)m(erage)i(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(of)h(an)m(y)h(w)m(ell-b)s(eha) |
| | 19235 | m(v)m(ed)g(quan)m(tit)m(y)g Fn(Q)f Fw(can)h(therefore)g(b)s(e)f |
| | 19236 | (calculated)0 3530 y(as)176 3778 y Fn(hQi)h Fw(=)526 |
| | 19237 | 3710 y(1)p 476 3754 150 4 v 476 3846 a Fj(\033)531 3861 |
| | 19238 | y Fl(tot)656 3778 y Fw(lim)652 3834 y Fh(y)r Fk(!)p Fl(0)812 |
| | 19239 | 3631 y Fg( )878 3778 y Fn(Q)p Fw(\(2parton\))17 b Fj(\033)1438 |
| | 19240 | 3793 y Fl(2parton)1681 3778 y Fw(\()p Fj(y)t Fw(\))k(+)1928 |
| | 19241 | 3660 y Fg(Z)1974 3849 y Fh(y)2009 3859 y Fe(ij)2064 3849 |
| | 19242 | y Fh(>y)2177 3778 y Fn(Q)p Fw(\()p Fj(x)2351 3793 y Fl(1)2391 |
| | 19243 | 3778 y Fj(;)c(x)2490 3793 y Fl(2)2529 3778 y Fw(\))2594 |
| | 19244 | 3710 y(d)p Fj(\033)2703 3725 y Fl(3parton)p 2594 3754 |
| | 19245 | 354 4 v 2613 3846 a Fw(d)p Fj(x)2722 3861 y Fl(1)2779 |
| | 19246 | 3846 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)2888 3861 y Fl(2)2974 3778 y Fw(d)p |
| | 19247 | Fj(x)3083 3793 y Fl(1)3139 3778 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)3248 3793 |
| | 19248 | y Fl(2)3288 3631 y Fg(!)3403 3778 y Fj(;)176 b Fw(\(29\))0 |
| | 19249 | 4044 y(where)34 b(an)m(y)f(explicit)e Fj(y)36 b Fw(dep)s(endence)f |
| | 19250 | (disapp)s(ears)e(in)e(the)i(limit)c Fj(y)i Fn(!)c Fw(0.)146 |
| | 19251 | 4152 y(In)34 b(a)f(Mon)m(te)h(Carlo)e(program,)g(it)g(is)g(not)h(p)s |
| | 19252 | (ossible)g(to)g(w)m(ork)h(with)e(a)h(negativ)m(e)g(total)f(2-jet)g |
| | 19253 | (rate,)0 4261 y(and)f(th)m(us)h(it)e(is)g(necessary)j(to)d(in)m(tro)s |
| | 19254 | (duce)h(a)g(\014xed)h(non-v)-5 b(anishing)29 b Fj(y)34 |
| | 19255 | b Fw(cut)d(in)f(the)h(3-jet)g(phase)g(space.)0 4369 y(Exp)s(erimen)m |
| | 19256 | (tally)-8 b(,)34 b(there)i(is)e(evidence)i(for)f(the)g(need)h(of)f(a)f |
| | 19257 | (lo)m(w)h Fj(y)j Fw(cut,)e(i.e.)50 b(a)35 b(large)e(3-jet)i(rate.)50 |
| | 19258 | b(F)-8 b(or)0 4478 y(LEP)32 b(applications,)e(the)h(recommended)h(v)-5 |
| | 19259 | b(alue)31 b(is)g Fj(y)g Fw(=)c(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(01,)k(whic)m(h)h(is)f(ab)s |
| | 19260 | (out)g(as)h(far)e(do)m(wn)j(as)e(one)0 4586 y(can)39 |
| | 19261 | b(go)f(and)h(still)d(retain)i(a)g(p)s(ositiv)m(e)g(2-jet)g(rate.)61 |
| | 19262 | b(With)38 b Fj(\013)2262 4601 y Fl(s)2332 4586 y Fw(=)g(0)p |
| | 19263 | Fj(:)p Fw(12,)i(in)d(full)g(second-order)j(QCD)0 4694 |
| | 19264 | y(\(see)34 b(b)s(elo)m(w\),)e(the)h(2)28 b(:)f(3)h(:)g(4)k(jet)g(comp)s |
| | 19265 | (osition)f(is)h(then)h(appro)m(ximately)e(11\045)d(:)f(77\045)h(:)g |
| | 19266 | (12\045.)146 4803 y(Note,)c(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(that)21 |
| | 19267 | b(initial-state)d(QED)k(radiation)d(ma)m(y)j(o)s(ccasionally)e(lo)m(w)m |
| | 19268 | (er)i(the)g(c.m.)39 b(energy)0 4911 y(signi\014can)m(tly)-8 |
| | 19269 | b(,)31 b(i.e.)43 b(increase)32 b Fj(\013)1159 4926 y |
| | 19270 | Fl(s)1191 4911 y Fw(,)g(and)g(thereb)m(y)i(bring)d(the)h(3-jet)g |
| | 19271 | (fraction)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(unit)m(y)f(if)f Fj(y)k Fw(is)c(k)m(ept)0 |
| | 19272 | 5019 y(\014xed)k(at)f(0.01)g(also)f(in)g(those)i(ev)m(en)m(ts.)50 |
| | 19273 | b(Therefore,)36 b(at)e(PETRA/PEP)i(energies,)f Fj(y)i |
| | 19274 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues)34 b(sligh)m(tly)0 5128 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)46 |
| | 19275 | b(0.01)f(are)h(needed.)84 b(In)46 b(addition)e(to)h(the)h |
| | 19276 | Fj(y)j Fw(cut,)g(the)d(program)f(con)m(tains)g(a)g(cut)i(on)e(the)0 |
| | 19277 | 5236 y(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)27 b(mass)i Fj(m)726 5251 |
| | 19278 | y Fh(ij)815 5236 y Fw(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(an)m(y)f(t)m(w)m(o)f(partons,) |
| | 19279 | h(whic)m(h)f(is)f(t)m(ypically)g(required)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(larger)e(than) |
| | 19280 | 0 5344 y(2)h(GeV.)g(This)g(cut)g(corresp)s(onds)h(to)f(the)g(actual)f |
| | 19281 | (merging)f(of)i(t)m(w)m(o)g(nearb)m(y)h(parton)f(jets,)h(i.e.)42 |
| | 19282 | b(where)29 b(a)0 5453 y(treatmen)m(t)h(with)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(separate)g |
| | 19283 | (partons)f(rather)h(than)f(one)h(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(sup)s(er\015uous)i |
| | 19284 | (in)e(view)g(of)g(the)0 5561 y(smearing)g(arising)f(from)h(the)i |
| | 19285 | (subsequen)m(t)i(fragmen)m(tation.)41 b(Since)31 b(the)h(cut-o\013)f |
| | 19286 | (mass)g(scale)3479 5499 y Fn(p)p 3562 5499 52 4 v 62 |
| | 19287 | x Fj(y)s(E)3685 5576 y Fl(cm)0 5669 y Fw(normally)f(is)i(m)m(uc)m(h)h |
| | 19288 | (larger,)f(this)g(additional)e(cut)j(only)f(en)m(ters)i(for)e(ev)m(en)m |
| | 19289 | (ts)j(at)d(lo)m(w)g(energies.)1841 5953 y(70)p eop |
| | 19290 | %%Page: 71 77 |
| | 19291 | 71 76 bop 146 -18 a Fw(F)-8 b(or)32 b(massiv)m(e)h(quarks,)h(the)f |
| | 19292 | (amoun)m(t)f(of)g(QCD)g(radiation)f(is)h(sligh)m(tly)f(reduced)j |
| | 19293 | ([Iof78)o(]:)220 200 y(1)p 197 244 95 4 v 197 336 a Fj(\033)252 |
| | 19294 | 351 y Fl(0)429 200 y Fw(d)p Fj(\033)p 328 244 315 4 v |
| | 19295 | 328 336 a Fw(d)p Fj(x)437 351 y Fl(1)494 336 y Fw(d)p |
| | 19296 | Fj(x)603 351 y Fl(2)736 267 y Fw(=)911 200 y Fj(\013)973 |
| | 19297 | 215 y Fl(s)p 905 244 108 4 v 905 336 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1039 |
| | 19298 | 267 y(C)1109 282 y Fh(F)1200 121 y Fg(\()1464 200 y Fj(x)1519 |
| | 19299 | 164 y Fl(2)1519 225 y(1)1581 200 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(x)1734 |
| | 19300 | 164 y Fl(2)1734 225 y(2)p 1277 244 683 4 v 1277 336 a |
| | 19301 | Fw(\(1)g Fn(\000)h Fj(x)1541 351 y Fl(1)1581 336 y Fw(\)\(1)e |
| | 19302 | Fn(\000)i Fj(x)1882 351 y Fl(2)1922 336 y Fw(\))1992 |
| | 19303 | 267 y Fn(\000)2102 193 y Fw(4)p Fj(m)2236 157 y Fl(2)2236 |
| | 19304 | 218 y(q)p 2102 244 176 4 v 2166 336 a Fj(s)2304 146 y |
| | 19305 | Fg(\022)2483 200 y Fw(1)p 2375 244 266 4 v 2375 336 a(1)f |
| | 19306 | Fn(\000)g Fj(x)2600 351 y Fl(1)2672 267 y Fw(+)2888 200 |
| | 19307 | y(1)p 2780 244 V 2780 336 a(1)g Fn(\000)h Fj(x)3006 351 |
| | 19308 | y Fl(2)3056 146 y Fg(\023)895 577 y Fn(\000)1009 503 |
| | 19309 | y Fw(2)p Fj(m)1143 467 y Fl(2)1143 527 y(q)p 1009 554 |
| | 19310 | 176 4 v 1073 645 a Fj(s)1211 431 y Fg( )1452 509 y Fw(1)p |
| | 19311 | 1286 554 381 4 v 1286 645 a(\(1)f Fn(\000)h Fj(x)1550 |
| | 19312 | 660 y Fl(1)1590 645 y Fw(\))1628 616 y Fl(2)1699 577 |
| | 19313 | y Fw(+)1973 509 y(1)p 1807 554 V 1807 645 a(\(1)f Fn(\000)h |
| | 19314 | Fj(x)2071 660 y Fl(2)2110 645 y Fw(\))2148 616 y Fl(2)2198 |
| | 19315 | 431 y Fg(!)2286 577 y Fn(\000)2395 503 y Fw(4)p Fj(m)2529 |
| | 19316 | 467 y Fl(4)2529 527 y(q)p 2395 554 176 4 v 2440 645 a |
| | 19317 | Fj(s)2486 616 y Fl(2)2597 456 y Fg(\022)2777 509 y Fw(1)p |
| | 19318 | 2668 554 266 4 v 2668 645 a(1)f Fn(\000)h Fj(x)2894 660 |
| | 19319 | y Fl(1)2966 577 y Fw(+)3182 509 y(1)p 3074 554 V 3074 |
| | 19320 | 645 a(1)f Fn(\000)g Fj(x)3299 660 y Fl(2)3349 456 y Fg(\023)3410 |
| | 19321 | 472 y Fl(2)3450 431 y Fg(\))3566 577 y Fj(:)13 b Fw(\(30\))0 |
| | 19322 | 854 y(In)33 b(addition,)e(the)i(phase)g(space)h(for)e(emission)f(is)h |
| | 19323 | (reduced)i(b)m(y)g(the)f(requiremen)m(t)1208 1067 y(\(1)22 |
| | 19324 | b Fn(\000)h Fj(x)1472 1082 y Fl(1)1512 1067 y Fw(\)\(1)e |
| | 19325 | Fn(\000)i Fj(x)1813 1082 y Fl(2)1853 1067 y Fw(\)\(1)f |
| | 19326 | Fn(\000)g Fj(x)2154 1082 y Fl(3)2194 1067 y Fw(\))p 1208 |
| | 19327 | 1111 1024 4 v 1673 1202 a Fj(x)1728 1168 y Fl(2)1728 |
| | 19328 | 1224 y(3)2270 1134 y Fn(\025)2385 1060 y Fj(m)2470 1024 |
| | 19329 | y Fl(2)2470 1084 y(q)p 2385 1111 127 4 v 2425 1202 a |
| | 19330 | Fj(s)2554 1134 y(:)1025 b Fw(\(31\))0 1401 y(F)-8 b(or)32 |
| | 19331 | b(b)g(quarks)i(at)f(LEP)g(energies,)g(these)h(corrections)e(are)h |
| | 19332 | (fairly)e(small.)0 1649 y Fo(6.1.3)112 b(4-jet)38 b(matrix)e(elemen)m |
| | 19333 | (ts)0 1822 y Fw(Tw)m(o)e(new)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(t)m(yp)s(es)f(are)f(added) |
| | 19334 | h(in)e(second-order)i(QCD,)f(e)2396 1785 y Fl(+)2455 |
| | 19335 | 1822 y Fw(e)2498 1785 y Fk(\000)2586 1822 y Fn(!)28 b |
| | 19336 | Fw(q)p 2765 1769 52 4 v(q)q(gg)34 b(and)f(e)3182 1785 |
| | 19337 | y Fl(+)3241 1822 y Fw(e)3284 1785 y Fk(\000)3372 1822 |
| | 19338 | y Fn(!)28 b Fw(q)p 3551 1769 V(q)q(q)3654 1785 y Fk(0)p |
| | 19339 | 3678 1769 V 3678 1822 a Fw(q)3729 1785 y Fk(0)3752 1822 |
| | 19340 | y Fw(.)0 1930 y(The)23 b(4-jet)e(cross)i(section)f(has)g(b)s(een)g |
| | 19341 | (calculated)f(b)m(y)i(sev)m(eral)g(groups)f([Ali80a)m(,)g(Gae80)o(,)g |
| | 19342 | (Ell81)n(,)g(Dan82)o(],)0 2038 y(whic)m(h)32 b(agree)f(on)g(the)h |
| | 19343 | (result.)43 b(The)32 b(form)m(ulae)e(are)i(to)s(o)e(length)m(y)i(to)e |
| | 19344 | (b)s(e)i(quoted)g(here.)44 b(In)32 b(one)f(of)g(the)0 |
| | 19345 | 2147 y(calculations)40 b([Ali80a)n(],)k(quark)f(masses)g(w)m(ere)g |
| | 19346 | (explicitly)e(included,)j(but)e Fm(Jetset)f Fw(only)h(includes)0 |
| | 19347 | 2255 y(the)31 b(massless)h(expressions,)h(as)e(tak)m(en)h(from)e |
| | 19348 | ([Ell81)n(].)43 b(Here)32 b(the)f(angular)f(orien)m(tation)f(of)h(the)i |
| | 19349 | (ev)m(en)m(t)0 2363 y(has)37 b(b)s(een)g(in)m(tegrated)f(out,)h(so)f |
| | 19350 | (that)g(\014v)m(e)i(indep)s(enden)m(t)f(in)m(ternal)e(kinematical)f(v) |
| | 19351 | -5 b(ariables)35 b(remain.)0 2472 y(These)e(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(related)g |
| | 19352 | (to)f(the)i(six)f Fj(y)1426 2487 y Fh(ij)1517 2472 y |
| | 19353 | Fw(and)g(the)h(four)f Fj(y)2122 2487 y Fh(ij)t(k)2251 |
| | 19354 | 2472 y Fw(v)-5 b(ariables,)31 b Fj(y)2730 2487 y Fh(ij)2817 |
| | 19355 | 2472 y Fw(=)d Fj(m)3006 2436 y Fl(2)3006 2496 y Fh(ij)3067 |
| | 19356 | 2472 y Fj(=s)f Fw(=)h(\()p Fj(p)3380 2487 y Fh(i)3427 |
| | 19357 | 2472 y Fw(+)19 b Fj(p)3571 2487 y Fh(j)3607 2472 y Fw(\))3645 |
| | 19358 | 2436 y Fl(2)3685 2472 y Fj(=s)0 2596 y Fw(and)33 b Fj(y)238 |
| | 19359 | 2611 y Fh(ij)t(k)364 2596 y Fw(=)28 b Fj(m)553 2560 y |
| | 19360 | Fl(2)553 2621 y Fh(ij)t(k)652 2596 y Fj(=s)f Fw(=)h(\()p |
| | 19361 | Fj(p)965 2611 y Fh(i)1015 2596 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)1162 |
| | 19362 | 2611 y Fh(j)1221 2596 y Fw(+)g Fj(p)1368 2611 y Fh(k)1410 |
| | 19363 | 2596 y Fw(\))1448 2560 y Fl(2)1488 2596 y Fj(=s)p Fw(,)32 |
| | 19364 | b(in)g(terms)g(of)g(whic)m(h)i(the)f(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)h(are)h(giv)m |
| | 19365 | (en.)146 2705 y(The)40 b(original)35 b(calculations)h(w)m(ere)k(for)d |
| | 19366 | (the)i(pure)g Fj(\015)5 b Fw(-exc)m(hange)40 b(case;)i(it)37 |
| | 19367 | b(w)m(as)j(recen)m(tly)f(p)s(oin)m(ted)0 2813 y(out)27 |
| | 19368 | b([Kni89)o(])h(that)f(an)h(additional)c(con)m(tribution)j(to)g(the)h(e) |
| | 19369 | 2168 2777 y Fl(+)2227 2813 y Fw(e)2270 2777 y Fk(\000)2357 |
| | 19370 | 2813 y Fn(!)g Fw(q)p 2536 2760 V(q)q(q)2639 2777 y Fk(0)p |
| | 19371 | 2663 2760 V 2663 2813 a Fw(q)2714 2777 y Fk(0)2765 2813 |
| | 19372 | y Fw(cross)g(section)g(arises)g(from)0 2921 y(the)36 |
| | 19373 | b(axial)d(part)i(of)g(the)h(Z)968 2885 y Fl(0)1007 2921 |
| | 19374 | y Fw(.)52 b(This)35 b(term)g(is)g(not)g(included)g(in)g(the)h(program,) |
| | 19375 | e(but)i(fortunately)f(it)f(is)0 3030 y(\014nite)e(and)h(small.)146 |
| | 19376 | 3138 y(Whereas)47 b(the)f(w)m(a)m(y)g(the)g(string,)i(i.e.)81 |
| | 19377 | b(the)46 b(fragmen)m(ting)d(colour)i(\015ux)h(tub)s(e,)j(is)c(stretc)m |
| | 19378 | (hed)i(is)0 3247 y(uniquely)37 b(giv)m(en)h(in)e(q)p |
| | 19379 | 829 3194 V(q)q(g)j(ev)m(en)m(t,)h(for)d(q)p 1464 3194 |
| | 19380 | V(q)q(gg)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(there)e(are)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(p)s(ossibilities:) |
| | 19381 | 50 b(q)22 b Fn(\000)h Fw(g)3357 3262 y Fl(1)3418 3247 |
| | 19382 | y Fn(\000)g Fw(g)3567 3262 y Fl(2)3628 3247 y Fn(\000)p |
| | 19383 | 3728 3194 V 23 w Fw(q)0 3355 y(or)39 b(q)23 b Fn(\000)f |
| | 19384 | Fw(g)348 3370 y Fl(2)410 3355 y Fn(\000)g Fw(g)558 3370 |
| | 19385 | y Fl(1)620 3355 y Fn(\000)p 719 3302 V 22 w Fw(q)q(.)64 |
| | 19386 | b(A)39 b(kno)m(wledge)i(of)e(quark)h(and)g(gluon)e(colours,)j(obtained) |
| | 19387 | e(b)m(y)h(p)s(erturbation)0 3463 y(theory)-8 b(,)31 b(will)d(uniquely)j |
| | 19388 | (sp)s(ecify)f(the)h(stretc)m(hing)g(of)e(the)i(string,)f(as)h(long)e |
| | 19389 | (as)h(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(gluons)e(do)i(not)0 3572 y(ha)m(v)m(e)41 |
| | 19390 | b(the)e(same)h(colour.)62 b(The)41 b(probabilit)m(y)c(for)i(the)h |
| | 19391 | (latter)e(is)h(do)m(wn)h(in)f(magnitude)f(b)m(y)i(a)f(factor)0 |
| | 19392 | 3680 y(1)p Fj(=)-5 b(N)181 3644 y Fl(2)171 3705 y Fh(C)257 |
| | 19393 | 3680 y Fw(=)28 b(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(9.)39 b(One)23 b(ma)m(y)g(either)g(c)m |
| | 19394 | (ho)s(ose)g(to)g(neglect)g(these)h(terms)e(en)m(tirely)-8 |
| | 19395 | b(,)25 b(or)d(to)h(k)m(eep)h(them)f(for)f(the)0 3788 |
| | 19396 | y(c)m(hoice)33 b(of)g(kinematical)d(setup,)k(but)g(then)f(drop)g(them)g |
| | 19397 | (at)f(the)i(c)m(hoice)f(of)g(string)f(dra)m(wing)g([Gus82].)0 |
| | 19398 | 3897 y(W)-8 b(e)39 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(adopted)g(the)g(latter)e(pro)s |
| | 19399 | (cedure.)62 b(Comparing)36 b(the)j(t)m(w)m(o)g(p)s(ossibilities,)e |
| | 19400 | (di\013erences)i(are)0 4005 y(t)m(ypically)c(10{20\045)g(for)g(a)h(giv) |
| | 19401 | m(en)g(kinematical)e(con\014guration,)i(and)g(less)h(for)e(the)i(total) |
| | 19402 | d(4-jet)i(cross)0 4113 y(section,)d(so)g(from)e(a)h(practical)f(p)s |
| | 19403 | (oin)m(t)h(of)g(view)h(this)f(is)g(not)h(a)f(ma)5 b(jor)31 |
| | 19404 | b(problem.)146 4222 y(In)52 b(higher)f(orders,)57 b(results)52 |
| | 19405 | b(dep)s(end)g(on)g(the)g(renormalization)c(sc)m(heme;)62 |
| | 19406 | b(w)m(e)52 b(will)e(use)p 3636 4144 144 4 v 52 w(MS)0 |
| | 19407 | 4330 y(throughout.)64 b(In)40 b(addition)d(to)j(this)f(c)m(hoice,)i |
| | 19408 | (sev)m(eral)f(p)s(ossible)f(forms)g(can)h(b)s(e)f(c)m(hosen)i(for)e |
| | 19409 | Fj(\013)3576 4345 y Fl(s)3608 4330 y Fw(,)j(all)0 4438 |
| | 19410 | y(of)g(whic)m(h)i(are)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)42 b(to)h(that)g(order)g |
| | 19411 | (but)g(di\013er)f(in)g(higher)g(orders.)75 b(W)-8 b(e)44 |
| | 19412 | b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(pic)m(k)m(ed)g(the)0 4547 y(recommended)33 |
| | 19413 | b(standard)g([PDG88)o(])351 4834 y Fj(\013)413 4849 y |
| | 19414 | Fl(s)445 4834 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)560 4793 y Fl(2)599 4834 |
| | 19415 | y Fw(\))28 b(=)1190 4767 y(12)p Fj(\031)p 778 4811 980 |
| | 19416 | 4 v 778 4902 a Fw(\(33)22 b Fn(\000)h Fw(2)p Fj(n)1143 |
| | 19417 | 4917 y Fh(f)1188 4902 y Fw(\))33 b(ln)o(\()p Fj(Q)1455 |
| | 19418 | 4874 y Fl(2)1495 4902 y Fj(=)p Fw(\003)1612 4868 y Fl(2)p |
| | 19419 | 1612 4888 108 4 v 1612 4943 a(MS)1720 4902 y Fw(\))1784 |
| | 19420 | 4688 y Fg(\()1851 4834 y Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fw(6)2106 |
| | 19421 | 4767 y(153)f Fn(\000)i Fw(19)p Fj(n)2530 4782 y Fh(f)p |
| | 19422 | 2097 4811 488 4 v 2097 4902 a Fw(\(33)e Fn(\000)i Fw(2)p |
| | 19423 | Fj(n)2461 4917 y Fh(f)2506 4902 y Fw(\))2544 4874 y Fl(2)2620 |
| | 19424 | 4758 y Fw(ln\(ln)o(\()p Fj(Q)2936 4722 y Fl(2)2976 4758 |
| | 19425 | y Fj(=)p Fw(\003)3093 4722 y Fl(2)p 3093 4742 108 4 v |
| | 19426 | 3093 4798 a(MS)3200 4758 y Fw(\)\))p 2620 4811 656 4 |
| | 19427 | v 2699 4902 a(ln)o(\()p Fj(Q)2895 4874 y Fl(2)2935 4902 |
| | 19428 | y Fj(=)p Fw(\003)3052 4868 y Fl(2)p 3052 4888 108 4 v |
| | 19429 | 3052 4943 a(MS)3159 4902 y Fw(\))3286 4688 y Fg(\))3402 |
| | 19430 | 4834 y Fj(:)177 b Fw(\(32\))0 5160 y Fo(6.1.4)112 b(Second-order)39 |
| | 19431 | b(3-jet)f(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)0 5333 y Fw(As)43 b(for)e(\014rst)i |
| | 19432 | (order,)h(a)e(full)e(second-order)j(calculation)d(consists)j(b)s(oth)e |
| | 19433 | (of)h(real)f(parton)h(emission)0 5441 y(terms)37 b(and)g(of)g(v)m |
| | 19434 | (ertex)i(and)e(propagator)f(corrections.)57 b(These)39 |
| | 19435 | b(mo)s(dify)c(the)j(3-jet)e(and)h(2-jet)g(cross)0 5550 |
| | 19436 | y(sections.)57 b(Although)37 b(there)g(w)m(as)h(some)f(initial)d |
| | 19437 | (confusion,)k(ev)m(eryb)s(o)s(dy)h(so)s(on)d(agreed)i(on)f(the)g(size)0 |
| | 19438 | 5658 y(of)47 b(the)g(lo)s(op)e(corrections)j([Ell81)n(,)f(V)-8 |
| | 19439 | b(er81,)47 b(F)-8 b(ab82)o(].)86 b(In)48 b(analytic)d(calculations,)k |
| | 19440 | (the)f(pro)s(cedure)1841 5953 y(71)p eop |
| | 19441 | %%Page: 72 78 |
| | 19442 | 72 77 bop 0 -18 a Fw(of)36 b(eq.)i(\(29\),)g(suitably)e(expanded,)k |
| | 19443 | (can)d(therefore)h(b)s(e)f(used)h(unam)m(biguously)e(for)g(a)h(w)m |
| | 19444 | (ell-b)s(eha)m(v)m(ed)0 90 y(v)-5 b(ariable.)146 198 |
| | 19445 | y(F)d(or)44 b(Mon)m(te)h(Carlo)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(sim)m(ulation,)f(it)e |
| | 19446 | (is)h(again)f(necessary)k(to)d(imp)s(ose)f(some)i(\014nite)f(jet-)0 |
| | 19447 | 307 y(resolution)c(criterion.)70 b(This)41 b(means)h(that)f |
| | 19448 | (four-parton)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(whic)m(h)e(fail)d(the)j(cuts)h(should)e |
| | 19449 | (b)s(e)0 415 y(reassigned)30 b(either)f(to)g(the)g(3-jet)g(or)g(to)g |
| | 19450 | (the)g(2-jet)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(class.)42 b(It)30 b(is)e(this)h(area)g |
| | 19451 | (that)g(caused)i(quite)e(a)0 523 y(lot)21 b(of)i(confusion)f(in)g(the)h |
| | 19452 | (past)g([Kun81,)g(Got82)o(,)f(Ali82)n(,)h(Zh)m(u83,)g(Gut84)o(,)g |
| | 19453 | (Gut87)o(,)g(Kra88)o(],)h(and)f(where)0 632 y(full)35 |
| | 19454 | b(agreemen)m(t)j(do)s(es)f(not)g(exist.)58 b(Most)37 |
| | 19455 | b(lik)m(ely)-8 b(,)37 b(agreemen)m(t)h(will)c(nev)m(er)39 |
| | 19456 | b(b)s(e)e(reac)m(hed,)j(since)e(there)0 740 y(are)32 |
| | 19457 | b(indeed)g(am)m(biguous)f(p)s(oin)m(ts)h(in)f(the)h(pro)s(cedure,)h |
| | 19458 | (related)f(to)f(uncertain)m(ties)i(on)e(the)i(theoretical)0 |
| | 19459 | 848 y(side,)g(as)g(follo)m(ws.)146 957 y(F)-8 b(or)41 |
| | 19460 | b(the)g Fj(y)t Fw(-cut)f(case,)k(an)m(y)e(t)m(w)m(o)g(partons)f(with)f |
| | 19461 | (an)h(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)40 b(mass)h Fj(m)2882 920 |
| | 19462 | y Fl(2)2882 981 y Fh(ij)2985 957 y Fj(<)h(y)t(E)3233 |
| | 19463 | 920 y Fl(2)3227 981 y(cm)3361 957 y Fw(should)f(b)s(e)0 |
| | 19464 | 1065 y(recom)m(bined)h(in)m(to)g(one.)74 b(If)42 b(the)h(four-momen)m |
| | 19465 | (ta)e(are)h(simply)f(added,)46 b(the)d(sum)f(will)f(corresp)s(ond)0 |
| | 19466 | 1173 y(to)46 b(a)g(parton)f(with)h(a)g(p)s(ositiv)m(e)f(mass,)50 |
| | 19467 | b(namely)45 b(the)i(original)c Fj(m)2529 1188 y Fh(ij)2589 |
| | 19468 | 1173 y Fw(.)85 b(The)47 b(lo)s(op)d(corrections)i(are)0 |
| | 19469 | 1282 y(giv)m(en)j(in)e(terms)i(of)f(\014nal)g(massless)g(partons,)53 |
| | 19470 | b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)94 b(In)49 b(order)f(to)g(p)s(erform)g(the)h |
| | 19471 | (\(partial\))0 1390 y(cancellation)43 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)g |
| | 19472 | (four-parton)d(real)h(and)h(the)g(3-parton)f(virtual)f(con)m |
| | 19473 | (tributions,)k(it)d(is)0 1498 y(therefore)36 b(necessary)i(to)d(get)h |
| | 19474 | (rid)e(of)i(the)f(b)s(othersome)h(mass)f(in)g(the)h(four-parton)f |
| | 19475 | (states.)53 b(Sev)m(eral)0 1607 y(recom)m(binations)44 |
| | 19476 | b(are)g(used)i(in)f(practice,)j(whic)m(h)d(go)f(under)i(names)f(suc)m |
| | 19477 | (h)h(as)f(`E',)h(`E0',)i(`p')d(and)0 1715 y(`p0')c([OP)-8 |
| | 19478 | b(A91].)69 b(In)42 b(the)f(`E'-t)m(yp)s(e)h(sc)m(hemes,)k(the)41 |
| | 19479 | b(energy)h(of)f(a)g(recom)m(bined)g(parton)g(is)f(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)0 |
| | 19480 | 1823 y Fj(E)72 1838 y Fh(ij)180 1823 y Fw(=)k Fj(E)374 |
| | 19481 | 1838 y Fh(i)432 1823 y Fw(+)30 b Fj(E)610 1838 y Fh(j)647 |
| | 19482 | 1823 y Fw(,)46 b(and)e(three-momen)m(ta)f(ma)m(y)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)e(b) |
| | 19483 | s(e)i(adjusted)f(accordingly)-8 b(.)76 b(In)44 b(the)h(`p'-)0 |
| | 19484 | 1932 y(t)m(yp)s(e)f(sc)m(hemes,)k(on)43 b(the)g(other)h(hand,)i |
| | 19485 | (three-momen)m(ta)c(are)h(added,)k Fo(p)2765 1947 y Fh(ij)2871 |
| | 19486 | 1932 y Fw(=)f Fo(p)3055 1947 y Fh(i)3113 1932 y Fw(+)29 |
| | 19487 | b Fo(p)3280 1947 y Fh(j)3317 1932 y Fw(,)46 b(and)d(then)0 |
| | 19488 | 2040 y(energies)38 b(ma)m(y)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(adjusted.)59 |
| | 19489 | b(These)40 b(pro)s(cedures)f(result)e(in)g(di\013eren)m(t)h(3-jet)e |
| | 19490 | (top)s(ologies,)0 2148 y(and)d(therefore)g(in)f(di\013eren)m(t)g |
| | 19491 | (second-order)i(di\013eren)m(tial)d(3-jet)h(cross)h(sections.)146 |
| | 19492 | 2257 y(Within)g(eac)m(h)h(sc)m(heme,)i(a)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f |
| | 19493 | (lesser)i(p)s(oin)m(ts)e(remain)f(to)i(b)s(e)g(dealt)f(with,)g(in)g |
| | 19494 | (particular)0 2365 y(what)25 b(to)g(do)g(if)e(a)i(recom)m(bination)e |
| | 19495 | (of)i(a)f(nearb)m(y)j(parton)d(pair)g(w)m(ere)i(to)f(giv)m(e)g(an)g(ev) |
| | 19496 | m(en)m(t)i(with)d(a)h(non-q)p 3678 2312 52 4 v(qg)0 2473 |
| | 19497 | y(\015a)m(v)m(our)33 b(structure.)146 2582 y Fm(Jetset)64 |
| | 19498 | b Fw(con)m(tains)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(alternativ)m(e)f(second-order)h(3-jet)f |
| | 19499 | (implemen)m(tations,)69 b(GKS)64 b(and)0 2690 y(ER)-8 |
| | 19500 | b(T\(Zh)m(u\).)79 b(F)-8 b(or)43 b(historical)f(reasons)j(the)g(former) |
| | 19501 | e(is)h(default,)i(but)f(actually)e(the)h(latter)f(is)h(the)0 |
| | 19502 | 2798 y(recommended)31 b(one)g(to)s(da)m(y)-8 b(.)42 b(Other)31 |
| | 19503 | b(parametrizations)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(also)d(b)s(een)j(made)e(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 19504 | b(ailable)28 b(that)i(run)0 2907 y(together)j(with)f |
| | 19505 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)g(see)h([Sj\177)-49 b(o89,)32 b(Mag89].)146 |
| | 19506 | 3015 y(The)g(GKS)f(option)f(is)h(based)h(on)f(the)g(GKS)g([Gut84)o(])g |
| | 19507 | (calculation,)e(where)k(some)e(of)f(the)i(original)0 |
| | 19508 | 3123 y(mistak)m(es)d(in)g(FKSS)f([F)-8 b(ab82])29 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s |
| | 19509 | (een)g(corrected.)44 b(The)30 b(GKS)e(form)m(ulae)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)g |
| | 19510 | (adv)-5 b(an)m(tage)29 b(of)0 3232 y(giving)36 b(the)h(second-order)i |
| | 19511 | (corrections)e(in)g(closed)g(analytic)f(form,)i(as)f(not-to)s(o-long)e |
| | 19512 | (functions)i(of)0 3340 y Fj(x)55 3355 y Fl(1)95 3340 |
| | 19513 | y Fw(,)28 b Fj(x)205 3355 y Fl(2)244 3340 y Fw(,)g(and)f(the)f |
| | 19514 | Fj(y)k Fw(cut.)42 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)30 b(it)25 b(is)h(to)s(da)m(y)h |
| | 19515 | (recognized,)h(also)d(b)m(y)i(the)g(authors,)h(that)e(imp)s(ortan)m(t)0 |
| | 19516 | 3448 y(terms)37 b(are)g(still)e(missing,)i(and)h(that)f(the)g(matrix)f |
| | 19517 | (elemen)m(ts)i(should)f(therefore)h(not)f(b)s(e)g(tak)m(en)h(to)s(o)0 |
| | 19518 | 3557 y(seriously)-8 b(.)43 b(The)34 b(option)d(is)h(th)m(us)i(k)m(ept)g |
| | 19519 | (mainly)c(for)i(bac)m(kw)m(ards)j(compatibilit)m(y)-8 |
| | 19520 | b(.)146 3665 y(The)36 b(ER)-8 b(T\(Zh)m(u\))36 b(generator)f([Zh)m |
| | 19521 | (u83])h(is)e(based)i(on)f(the)h(ER)-8 b(T)36 b(matrix)d(elemen)m(ts)j |
| | 19522 | ([Ell81)n(],)g(with)0 3774 y(a)e(Mon)m(te)g(Carlo)f(recom)m(bination)f |
| | 19523 | (pro)s(cedure)j(suggested)g(b)m(y)g(Kunszt)g([Kun81])f(and)g(dev)m |
| | 19524 | (elop)s(ed)h(b)m(y)0 3882 y(Ali)41 b([Ali82)m(].)73 b(It)42 |
| | 19525 | b(has)h(the)g(merit)d(of)i(giving)f(corrections)h(in)g(a)g(con)m(v)m |
| | 19526 | (enien)m(t,)k(parametrized)c(form.)0 3990 y(F)-8 b(or)36 |
| | 19527 | b(practical)f(applications,)g(the)j(main)c(limitation)e(is)k(that)h |
| | 19528 | (the)g(corrections)g(are)f(only)g(giv)m(en)h(for)0 4099 |
| | 19529 | y(discrete)c(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(of)f(the)h(cut-o\013)f(parameter)g |
| | 19530 | Fj(y)t Fw(,)g(namely)g Fj(y)j Fw(=)e(0.01,)f(0.02,)g(0.03,)g(0.04,)g |
| | 19531 | (and)g(0.05.)146 4207 y(The)38 b(basic)e(approac)m(h)g(is)g(the)h |
| | 19532 | (follo)m(wing.)52 b(Without)35 b(an)m(y)i(loss)f(of)g(generalit)m(y)-8 |
| | 19533 | b(,)37 b(the)f(full)f(second-)0 4315 y(order)28 b(3-jet)f(cross)i |
| | 19534 | (section)f(can)g(b)s(e)g(written)f(in)g(terms)h(of)f(the)h(`ratio)f |
| | 19535 | (function')g Fj(R)q Fw(\()p Fj(X)r(;)17 b(Y)k Fw(;)c |
| | 19536 | Fj(y)t Fw(\),)28 b(de\014ned)0 4424 y(b)m(y)914 4528 |
| | 19537 | y(1)p 891 4572 95 4 v 891 4664 a Fj(\033)946 4679 y Fl(0)1048 |
| | 19538 | 4528 y Fw(d)p Fj(\033)1161 4492 y Fl(tot)1157 4553 y(3)p |
| | 19539 | 1006 4572 293 4 v 1006 4664 a Fw(d)p Fj(X)d Fw(d)p Fj(Y)1336 |
| | 19540 | 4596 y Fw(=)1449 4528 y Fj(\013)1511 4543 y Fl(s)p 1449 |
| | 19541 | 4572 95 4 v 1467 4664 a Fj(\031)1553 4596 y(A)1626 4611 |
| | 19542 | y Fl(0)1666 4596 y Fw(\()p Fj(X)r(;)17 b(Y)k Fw(\))1964 |
| | 19543 | 4474 y Fg(\032)2026 4596 y Fw(1)h(+)2205 4528 y Fj(\013)2267 |
| | 19544 | 4543 y Fl(s)p 2205 4572 V 2222 4664 a Fj(\031)2309 4596 |
| | 19545 | y(R)q Fw(\()p Fj(X)r(;)17 b(Y)k Fw(;)c Fj(y)t Fw(\))2761 |
| | 19546 | 4474 y Fg(\033)2871 4596 y Fj(;)708 b Fw(\(33\))0 4810 |
| | 19547 | y(where)47 b Fj(X)57 b Fw(=)50 b Fj(x)614 4825 y Fl(1)684 |
| | 19548 | 4810 y Fn(\000)32 b Fj(x)848 4825 y Fl(2)937 4810 y Fw(=)50 |
| | 19549 | b Fj(x)1118 4825 y Fl(q)1190 4810 y Fn(\000)32 b Fj(x)p |
| | 19550 | 1354 4787 42 4 v 15 x Fl(q)1396 4810 y Fw(,)48 b Fj(Y)71 |
| | 19551 | b Fw(=)50 b Fj(x)1780 4825 y Fl(3)1869 4810 y Fw(=)f |
| | 19552 | Fj(x)2049 4825 y Fh(g)2090 4810 y Fw(,)g Fj(\033)2221 |
| | 19553 | 4825 y Fl(0)2306 4810 y Fw(is)c(the)h(lo)m(w)m(est-order)g(hadronic)f |
| | 19554 | (cross)0 4919 y(section,)33 b(and)f Fj(A)615 4934 y Fl(0)655 |
| | 19555 | 4919 y Fw(\()p Fj(X)r(;)17 b(Y)k Fw(\))32 b(the)h(standard)f |
| | 19556 | (\014rst-order)h(3-jet)f(cross)h(section,)f(cf.)44 b(eq.)33 |
| | 19557 | b(\(26\).)43 b(By)33 b(Mon)m(te)0 5027 y(Carlo)k(in)m(tegration,)g(the) |
| | 19558 | h(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)g Fj(R)q Fw(\()p Fj(X)r(;)17 b(Y)k |
| | 19559 | Fw(;)c Fj(y)t Fw(\))37 b(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)37 b(in)g(bins)h(of)f(\() |
| | 19560 | p Fj(X)r(;)17 b(Y)k Fw(\),)39 b(and)e(the)i(result)0 |
| | 19561 | 5135 y(parametrized)32 b(b)m(y)h(a)f(simple)g(function)g |
| | 19562 | Fj(F)14 b Fw(\()p Fj(X)r(;)j(Y)k Fw(;)c Fj(y)t Fw(\).)146 |
| | 19563 | 5244 y(In)35 b(order)f(to)g(obtain)f(the)i(second-order)g(3-jet)e |
| | 19564 | (rate,)i(a)f(small)e(cut)i Fj(y)2706 5259 y Fl(0)2776 |
| | 19565 | 5244 y Fw(=)c(10)2980 5208 y Fk(\000)p Fl(7)3108 5244 |
| | 19566 | y Fw(w)m(as)35 b(in)m(tro)s(duced.)0 5352 y(It)48 b(w)m(as)i(assumed)f |
| | 19567 | (that)f(four-parton)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(whic)m(h)e(fail)d(this)i(cut)h |
| | 19568 | (can)g(b)s(e)f(\(partly\))g(cancelled)0 5460 y(analytically)23 |
| | 19569 | b(against)i(the)i(virtual)d(3-jet)h(ev)m(en)m(ts,)30 |
| | 19570 | b(to)c(giv)m(e)g(a)f(net)i(`regularized)e(virtual')g(con)m(tribution)0 |
| | 19571 | 5569 y(to)32 b(the)h(3-jet)f(rate.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)31 |
| | 19572 | b(a)i(giv)m(en)f(c)m(hoice)h(of)f Fj(y)k Fw(cut,)d(in)f(the)h(ph)m |
| | 19573 | (ysical)g(range)f Fj(y)f Fn(\035)c Fj(y)3117 5584 y Fl(0)3156 |
| | 19574 | 5569 y Fw(,)33 b(an)f(additional)1841 5953 y(72)p eop |
| | 19575 | %%Page: 73 79 |
| | 19576 | 73 78 bop 0 -18 a Fw(`soft')34 b(con)m(tribution)f(comes)h(from)f |
| | 19577 | (four-parton)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(whic)m(h)e(surviv)m(e)i(the)e |
| | 19578 | Fj(y)2970 -3 y Fl(0)3043 -18 y Fw(cut)g(but)g(fail)e(the)i |
| | 19579 | Fj(y)0 90 y Fw(one.)146 198 y(A)26 b(large)e(sample)g(\(9)16 |
| | 19580 | b(000)g(000\))24 b(of)h(four-parton)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(w)m(as)e |
| | 19581 | (generated)g(inside)f(the)g Fj(y)3267 213 y Fl(0)3332 |
| | 19582 | 198 y Fw(cut)g(region.)0 307 y(F)-8 b(or)47 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(whic)m(h)g |
| | 19583 | (failed)c(the)j(more)f(stringen)m(t)h Fj(y)i Fw(cuts,)i(the)c(parton)g |
| | 19584 | (pair)e(with)h(the)h(smallest)0 415 y(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)28 |
| | 19585 | b(mass)i(w)m(as)h(recom)m(bined)f(in)m(to)f(an)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)i(jet,) |
| | 19586 | g(using)e(the)h(`p0')g(recom)m(bination)e(sc)m(heme.)0 |
| | 19587 | 523 y(This)39 b(means)f(that)h(the)g(individual)d(three-momen)m(ta)h(w) |
| | 19588 | m(ere)j(added,)h Fo(p)2684 538 y Fh(ij)2783 523 y Fw(=)d |
| | 19589 | Fo(p)2959 538 y Fh(i)3013 523 y Fw(+)26 b Fo(p)3177 538 |
| | 19590 | y Fh(j)3214 523 y Fw(,)40 b(the)f(mass)g(of)0 632 y(the)h(recom)m |
| | 19591 | (bined)g(pair)f(w)m(as)h(set)h(to)e(zero)h(for)g(the)g(calculation)d |
| | 19592 | (of)i(energy)-8 b(,)43 b Fj(E)2963 647 y Fh(ij)3064 632 |
| | 19593 | y Fw(=)c Fn(j)p Fo(p)3269 647 y Fh(i)3324 632 y Fw(+)27 |
| | 19594 | b Fo(p)3489 647 y Fh(j)3526 632 y Fn(j)p Fw(,)41 b(and)0 |
| | 19595 | 740 y(\014nally)34 b(all)g(four-momen)m(ta)f(w)m(ere)k(rescaled)f(b)m |
| | 19596 | (y)g(a)g(common)e(factor)h(so)g(as)h(to)f(preserv)m(e)j(the)e(correct)0 |
| | 19597 | 848 y(c.m.)43 b(frame)32 b(energy)-8 b(.)146 957 y(In)34 |
| | 19598 | b(calculating)d(the)j Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(\013)1115 920 |
| | 19599 | y Fl(2)1114 981 y(s)1154 957 y Fw(\))f(correction)g(functions,)h(care)f |
| | 19600 | (w)m(as)i(tak)m(en)f(to)f(main)m(tain)e(the)j(\015a)m(v)m(our)0 |
| | 19601 | 1065 y(signature)c(of)g(the)h(jets)g(in)e(the)i(recom)m(bination)d(pro) |
| | 19602 | s(cess.)44 b(A)31 b(quark)g(and)f(a)g(gluon)g(w)m(ere)h(recom)m(bined)0 |
| | 19603 | 1173 y(in)m(to)h(a)h(quark)h(with)e(the)i(same)e(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(as)f |
| | 19604 | (the)h(original)c(quark,)j(t)m(w)m(o)h(gluons)f(w)m(ere)h(recom)m |
| | 19605 | (bined)f(to)0 1282 y(form)d(a)h(gluon,)g(etc.)44 b(In)31 |
| | 19606 | b(some)h(cases)g(the)g(three)g(jets)g(of)f(the)h(\014nal)f(state)h(w)m |
| | 19607 | (ere)g(not)g(in)e(the)i(standard)0 1390 y(q)p 51 1337 |
| | 19608 | 52 4 v(q)q(g)j(con\014guration.)48 b(The)35 b(probabilit)m(y)e(for)g |
| | 19609 | (this)h(to)g(happ)s(en)h(corresp)s(onded)h(to)e(less)g(than)h(0.5\045)f |
| | 19610 | (of)0 1498 y(the)42 b(total)e(cross)j(section,)h(ev)m(en)f(for)e(the)h |
| | 19611 | (most)f(stringen)m(t)h(cuts)g(used.)72 b(F)-8 b(or)41 |
| | 19612 | b(these)i(non-q)p 3452 1445 V(q)q(g)f(\014nal)0 1607 |
| | 19613 | y(states,)34 b(the)f(assignmen)m(t)f(of)g(q,)p 1197 1554 |
| | 19614 | V 33 w(q)h(and)g(g)g(w)m(as)h(done)f(at)f(random.)146 |
| | 19615 | 1715 y(The)e(sum)e(of)h(`regularized)e(virtual')h(\(1)16 |
| | 19616 | b(000)g(000)27 b(3-jet)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(w)m(ere)f(generated,)g(with)f |
| | 19617 | (ev)-5 b(aluated)0 1823 y(second-order)34 b(w)m(eigh)m(ts\))g(and)g |
| | 19618 | (`soft')f(corrections,)h(normalized)e(to)h(the)g(\014rst-order)h(3-jet) |
| | 19619 | f(cross)h(sec-)0 1932 y(tion,)40 b(w)m(as)g(tabulated)e(in)h(the)g(\()p |
| | 19620 | Fj(X)r(;)17 b(Y)22 b Fw(\))39 b(plane,)h(using)f(bins)g(of)g(size)g(0)p |
| | 19621 | Fj(:)p Fw(05)26 b Fn(\002)h Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(05.)63 b(This)39 |
| | 19622 | b(estimated)0 2040 y Fj(R)q Fw(-function)32 b(b)s(eha)m(viour)g(w)m(as) |
| | 19623 | i(then)f(\014t)g(with)f(a)g(12-parameter)f(function)h |
| | 19624 | Fj(F)14 b Fw(,)338 2210 y Fj(F)g Fw(\()p Fj(X)r(;)j(Y)k |
| | 19625 | Fw(;)c Fj(y)t Fw(\))82 b(=)h Fj(p)1082 2225 y Fl(1)1144 |
| | 19626 | 2210 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)1291 2225 y Fl(2)1330 2210 y Fj(X)1419 |
| | 19627 | 2169 y Fl(2)1480 2210 y Fw(+)g Fj(p)1627 2225 y Fl(3)1667 |
| | 19628 | 2210 y Fj(X)1756 2169 y Fl(4)1817 2210 y Fw(+)g(\()p |
| | 19629 | Fj(p)2002 2225 y Fl(4)2064 2210 y Fw(+)g Fj(p)2211 2225 |
| | 19630 | y Fl(5)2250 2210 y Fj(X)2339 2169 y Fl(2)2378 2210 y |
| | 19631 | Fw(\))p Fj(Y)44 b Fw(+)22 b(\()p Fj(p)2702 2225 y Fl(6)2763 |
| | 19632 | 2210 y Fw(+)g Fj(p)2910 2225 y Fl(7)2949 2210 y Fj(X)3038 |
| | 19633 | 2169 y Fl(2)3078 2210 y Fw(\))p Fj(Y)3194 2169 y Fl(2)3255 |
| | 19634 | 2210 y Fw(+)1033 2352 y(\()p Fj(p)1120 2367 y Fl(8)1181 |
| | 19635 | 2352 y Fw(+)h Fj(p)1329 2367 y Fl(9)1368 2352 y Fj(X)1457 |
| | 19636 | 2311 y Fl(2)1496 2352 y Fw(\))p Fj(Y)1612 2311 y Fl(3)1674 |
| | 19637 | 2352 y Fw(+)f Fj(p)1821 2367 y Fl(10)1896 2352 y Fj(=)p |
| | 19638 | Fw(\()p Fj(X)2072 2311 y Fl(2)2133 2352 y Fn(\000)g Fj(Y)2311 |
| | 19639 | 2311 y Fl(2)2350 2352 y Fw(\))g(+)g Fj(p)2557 2367 y |
| | 19640 | Fl(11)2632 2352 y Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)f Fn(\000)i Fj(Y)e Fw(\))h(+)g |
| | 19641 | Fj(p)3174 2367 y Fl(12)3249 2352 y Fj(=)5 b(Y)54 b(:)165 |
| | 19642 | b Fw(\(34\))0 2522 y(The)34 b(parameters)e Fj(p)754 2537 |
| | 19643 | y Fh(i)815 2522 y Fw(are)g(repro)s(duced)i(in)e([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 19644 | b(o89)o(].)0 2764 y Fo(6.1.5)112 b(The)38 b(matrix-elemen)m(t)d(ev)m |
| | 19645 | (en)m(t)j(generator)f(sc)m(heme)0 2937 y Fw(The)c(program)d(con)m |
| | 19646 | (tains)i(parametrizations,)e(separately)-8 b(,)32 b(of)f(the)i(total)d |
| | 19647 | (\014rst-order)i(3-jet)f(rate,)h(the)0 3045 y(total)i(second-order)j |
| | 19648 | (3-jet)e(rate,)i(and)e(the)i(total)d(4-jet)h(rate,)h(all)e(as)i |
| | 19649 | (functions)g(of)f Fj(y)k Fw(\(with)c Fj(\013)3540 3060 |
| | 19650 | y Fl(s)3608 3045 y Fw(as)h(a)0 3154 y(separate)d(prefactor\).)44 |
| | 19651 | b(These)34 b(parametrizations)d(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)h(obtained)e(as)h |
| | 19652 | (follo)m(ws:)145 3267 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)42 b(\014rst-order)g(3-jet) |
| | 19653 | e(matrix)g(elemen)m(t)h(is)g(almost)f(analytically)e(in)m(tegrable;)45 |
| | 19654 | b(some)c(small)244 3375 y(\014nite)26 b(pieces)h(w)m(ere)g(obtained)f |
| | 19655 | (b)m(y)h(a)f(truncated)h(series)g(expansion)g(of)f(the)g(relev)-5 |
| | 19656 | b(an)m(t)27 b(in)m(tegrand.)145 3493 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)35 |
| | 19657 | b(GKS)e(second-order)i(3-jet)e(matrix)g(elemen)m(ts)h(w)m(ere)h(in)m |
| | 19658 | (tegrated)f(for)f(40)g(di\013eren)m(t)h Fj(y)t Fw(-cut)244 |
| | 19659 | 3601 y(v)-5 b(alues,)35 b(ev)m(enly)h(distributed)f(in)f(ln)15 |
| | 19660 | b Fj(y)38 b Fw(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(a)e(smallest)e(v)-5 |
| | 19661 | b(alue)34 b Fj(y)h Fw(=)c(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(001)j(and)h(the)g(kine-)244 |
| | 19662 | 3710 y(matical)27 b(limit)f Fj(y)k Fw(=)e(1)p Fj(=)p |
| | 19663 | Fw(3.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)28 b(eac)m(h)j Fj(y)h Fw(v)-5 b(alue,)30 |
| | 19664 | b(250)16 b(000)28 b(phase-space)k(p)s(oin)m(ts)d(w)m(ere)i(generated,) |
| | 19665 | 244 3818 y(ev)m(enly)h(in)d(d)17 b(ln\(1)g Fn(\000)i |
| | 19666 | Fj(x)1062 3833 y Fh(i)1090 3818 y Fw(\))28 b(=)g(d)p |
| | 19667 | Fj(x)1369 3833 y Fh(i)1397 3818 y Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)18 b |
| | 19668 | Fn(\000)g Fj(x)1701 3833 y Fh(i)1730 3818 y Fw(\),)31 |
| | 19669 | b Fj(i)d Fw(=)f(1)p Fj(;)17 b Fw(2,)31 b(and)f(the)h(second-order)h |
| | 19670 | (3-jet)e(rate)g(in)g(the)244 3926 y(p)s(oin)m(t)f(ev)-5 |
| | 19671 | b(aluated.)42 b(The)31 b(prop)s(erly)f(normalized)e(sum)i(of)f(w)m |
| | 19672 | (eigh)m(ts)i(in)e(eac)m(h)i(of)f(the)g(40)g Fj(y)j Fw(p)s(oin)m(ts)244 |
| | 19673 | 4035 y(w)m(ere)f(then)f(\014tted)g(to)f(a)g(p)s(olynomial)c(in)k(ln)o |
| | 19674 | (\()p Fj(y)1925 3999 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2036 4035 y Fn(\000)19 |
| | 19675 | b Fw(2\).)42 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(the)g(ER)-8 b(T\(Zh)m(u\))31 |
| | 19676 | b(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)244 4143 y(the)h(parametrizations)e(in)g(eq.)j |
| | 19677 | (\(34\))e(w)m(ere)i(used)g(to)e(p)s(erform)g(a)g(corresp)s(onding)h |
| | 19678 | (Mon)m(te)g(Carlo)244 4251 y(in)m(tegration)h(for)h(the)h(\014v)m(e)h |
| | 19679 | Fj(y)h Fw(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)145 4369 |
| | 19680 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)30 b(4-jet)f(rate)h(w)m(as)h(in)m(tegrated)e(n)m |
| | 19681 | (umerically)-8 b(,)28 b(separately)i(for)g(q)p 2707 4316 |
| | 19682 | V(q)q(gg)g(and)g(q)p 3125 4316 V(q)q(q)3228 4333 y Fk(0)p |
| | 19683 | 3252 4316 V 3252 4369 a Fw(q)3303 4333 y Fk(0)3356 4369 |
| | 19684 | y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(b)m(y)244 4478 y(generating)27 b(large)g(samples)g |
| | 19685 | (of)h(4-jet)f(phase-space)i(p)s(oin)m(ts)f(within)e(the)j(b)s(oundary)f |
| | 19686 | Fj(y)j Fw(=)c(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(001.)244 4586 y(Eac)m(h)49 |
| | 19687 | b(p)s(oin)m(t)f(w)m(as)i(classi\014ed)e(according)g(to)g(the)h(actual)f |
| | 19688 | (minim)m(um)d Fj(y)52 b Fw(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(an)m(y)e(t)m(w)m(o)244 |
| | 19689 | 4694 y(partons.)64 b(The)40 b(same)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(could)e(then)h(b)s |
| | 19690 | (e)g(used)g(to)f(up)s(date)h(the)g(summed)f(w)m(eigh)m(ts)h(for)244 |
| | 19691 | 4803 y(40)c(di\013eren)m(t)h(coun)m(ters,)i(corresp)s(onding)e(to)f |
| | 19692 | Fj(y)k Fw(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(ev)m(enly)h(distributed)e(in)g(ln)16 |
| | 19693 | b Fj(y)39 b Fw(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)244 4911 y Fj(y)31 b |
| | 19694 | Fw(=)c(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(001)f(and)h(the)g(kinematical)d(limit)f |
| | 19695 | Fj(y)31 b Fw(=)d(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(6.)40 b(In)27 b(fact,)h(since)f(the)g(w) |
| | 19696 | m(eigh)m(t)g(sums)g(for)g(large)244 5019 y Fj(y)44 b |
| | 19697 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(only)g(receiv)m(ed)i(con)m(tributions)d(from)g |
| | 19698 | (few)i(phase-space)h(p)s(oin)m(ts,)g(extra)f(\(smaller\))244 |
| | 19699 | 5128 y(subsamples)48 b(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(w)m(ere)e(generated)h(with)e |
| | 19700 | (larger)f Fj(y)51 b Fw(cuts.)89 b(The)48 b(summed)g(w)m(eigh)m(ts,)244 |
| | 19701 | 5236 y(prop)s(erly)27 b(normalized,)g(w)m(ere)h(then)g(parametrized)f |
| | 19702 | (in)g(terms)g(of)g(p)s(olynomials)d(in)j(ln)o(\()p Fj(y)3471 |
| | 19703 | 5200 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)3577 5236 y Fn(\000)12 b Fw(5\).)244 |
| | 19704 | 5344 y(Since)30 b(it)g(turned)h(out)f(to)g(b)s(e)g(di\016cult)g(to)g |
| | 19705 | (obtain)f(one)h(single)g(go)s(o)s(d)f(\014t)h(o)m(v)m(er)i(the)e(whole) |
| | 19706 | g(range)244 5453 y(of)43 b Fj(y)j Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)45 |
| | 19707 | b(di\013eren)m(t)f(parametrizations)d(are)i(used)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g |
| | 19708 | (and)f(b)s(elo)m(w)g Fj(y)49 b Fw(=)d(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(018.)74 |
| | 19709 | b(As)244 5561 y(originally)29 b(giv)m(en,)j(the)h(q)p |
| | 19710 | 1175 5508 V(q)q(q)1278 5525 y Fk(0)p 1302 5508 V 1302 |
| | 19711 | 5561 a Fw(q)1354 5525 y Fk(0)1409 5561 y Fw(parametrization)d(only)i |
| | 19712 | (to)s(ok)g(in)m(to)g(accoun)m(t)i(four)e(q)3368 5525 |
| | 19713 | y Fk(0)3424 5561 y Fw(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)244 5669 y(i.e.)43 |
| | 19714 | b(secondary)34 b(b)p 919 5590 55 4 v(b)f(pairs)f(w)m(ere)i(not)e |
| | 19715 | (generated,)i(but)f(this)f(has)h(b)s(een)g(corrected)h(for)e(LEP)-8 |
| | 19716 | b(.)1841 5953 y(73)p eop |
| | 19717 | %%Page: 74 80 |
| | 19718 | 74 79 bop 146 -18 a Fw(In)29 b(the)g(generation)f(stage,)h(eac)m(h)h |
| | 19719 | (ev)m(en)m(t)g(is)e(treated)h(on)f(its)g(o)m(wn,)i(whic)m(h)f(means)g |
| | 19720 | (that)f(the)h Fj(\013)3562 -3 y Fl(s)3622 -18 y Fw(and)0 |
| | 19721 | 90 y Fj(y)36 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f |
| | 19722 | (to)g(v)-5 b(ary)33 b(from)e(ev)m(en)m(t)k(to)d(ev)m(en)m(t.)45 |
| | 19723 | b(The)34 b(main)d(steps)j(are)e(the)h(follo)m(wing.)119 |
| | 19724 | 203 y(1.)49 b(The)f Fj(y)j Fw(v)-5 b(alue)46 b(to)h(b)s(e)h(used)g(in)f |
| | 19725 | (the)g(curren)m(t)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(is)e(determined.)87 |
| | 19726 | b(If)48 b(p)s(ossible,)i(this)d(is)244 311 y(the)d(v)-5 |
| | 19727 | b(alue)44 b(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(y)m(ou,)j(but)c(additional)d(constrain)m |
| | 19728 | (ts)k(exist)f(from)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alidit)m(y)42 b(of)i(the)244 |
| | 19729 | 420 y(parametrizations)g(\()p Fj(y)53 b Fn(\025)f Fw(0)p |
| | 19730 | Fj(:)p Fw(001)45 b(for)g(GKS,)h(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(01)k Fn(\024)h |
| | 19731 | Fj(y)j Fn(\024)d Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(05)45 b(for)h(ER)-8 |
| | 19732 | b(T\(Zh)m(u\)\))46 b(and)h(an)244 528 y(extra)30 b(\(user-mo)s |
| | 19733 | (di\014able\))f(requiremen)m(t)h(of)g(a)g(minim)m(um)d(absolute)j(in)m |
| | 19734 | (v)-5 b(arian)m(t)28 b(mass)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)244 636 |
| | 19735 | y(jets)44 b(\(whic)m(h)g(translates)f(in)m(to)f(v)-5 |
| | 19736 | b(arying)43 b Fj(y)k Fw(cuts)d(due)g(to)f(the)h(e\013ects)g(of)f |
| | 19737 | (initial-state)d(QED)244 745 y(radiation\).)119 862 y(2.)49 |
| | 19738 | b(The)33 b Fj(\013)506 877 y Fl(s)571 862 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 19739 | b(is)g(calculated.)119 980 y(3.)49 b(F)-8 b(or)42 b(the)h |
| | 19740 | Fj(y)i Fw(and)e Fj(\013)962 995 y Fl(s)1036 980 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 19741 | b(alues)43 b(giv)m(en,)i(the)e(relativ)m(e)f(t)m(w)m(o/three/4-jet)h |
| | 19742 | (comp)s(osition)d(is)i(deter-)244 1089 y(mined.)58 b(This)38 |
| | 19743 | b(is)f(ac)m(hiev)m(ed)i(b)m(y)f(using)g(the)g(parametrized)f(functions) |
| | 19744 | g(of)h Fj(y)i Fw(for)d(3-)g(and)h(4-jet)244 1197 y(rates,)e(m)m |
| | 19745 | (ultiplied)31 b(b)m(y)36 b(the)f(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)35 |
| | 19746 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(factors)f(of)h Fj(\013)2623 |
| | 19747 | 1212 y Fl(s)2655 1197 y Fw(.)50 b(In)35 b(ER)-8 b(T\(Zh)m(u\),)36 |
| | 19748 | b(where)g(the)244 1305 y(second-order)h(3-jet)e(rate)h(is)f(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 19749 | b(ailable)33 b(only)j(at)f(a)h(few)g Fj(y)j Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)37 |
| | 19750 | b(in)m(termediate)d(results)i(are)244 1414 y(obtained)25 |
| | 19751 | b(b)m(y)i(linear)d(in)m(terp)s(olation)f(in)i(the)i(ratio)d(of)h |
| | 19752 | (second-order)i(to)f(\014rst-order)g(3-jet)f(rates.)244 |
| | 19753 | 1522 y(The)32 b(3-jet)f(and)g(4-jet)g(rates)h(are)f(normalized)e(to)i |
| | 19754 | (the)h(analytically)c(kno)m(wn)33 b(second-order)f(to-)244 |
| | 19755 | 1630 y(tal)j(ev)m(en)m(t)i(rate,)g(i.e.)53 b(divided)36 |
| | 19756 | b(b)m(y)h Fj(R)1625 1645 y Fl(QCD)1825 1630 y Fw(of)e(eq.)i(\(25\).)53 |
| | 19757 | b(Finally)-8 b(,)34 b(the)i(2-jet)g(rate)g(is)f(obtained)244 |
| | 19758 | 1739 y(b)m(y)e(conserv)-5 b(ation)33 b(of)f(total)f(probabilit)m(y)-8 |
| | 19759 | b(.)119 1856 y(4.)49 b(If)33 b(the)h(com)m(bination)d(of)i |
| | 19760 | Fj(y)j Fw(and)d Fj(\013)1515 1871 y Fl(s)1581 1856 y |
| | 19761 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(is)g(suc)m(h)h(that)f(the)h(total)e(3-)g(plus)h |
| | 19762 | (4-jet)g(fraction)f(is)244 1965 y(larger)27 b(than)h(unit)m(y)-8 |
| | 19763 | b(,)29 b(i.e.)41 b(the)28 b(remainder)f(2-jet)h(fraction)e(negativ)m |
| | 19764 | (e,)k(the)e Fj(y)t Fw(-cut)f(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(is)h(raised)244 |
| | 19765 | 2073 y(\(for)k(that)g(ev)m(en)m(t\),)j(and)d(the)h(pro)s(cess)h(is)e |
| | 19766 | (started)h(o)m(v)m(er)h(at)e(p)s(oin)m(t)g(3.)119 2191 |
| | 19767 | y(5.)49 b(The)c(c)m(hoice)g(is)g(made)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(generating)d |
| | 19768 | (a)g(2-,)j(3-)d(or)g(4-jet)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)50 b(according)44 |
| | 19769 | b(to)g(the)244 2299 y(relativ)m(e)32 b(probabilities.)119 |
| | 19770 | 2417 y(6.)49 b(F)-8 b(or)43 b(the)h(generation)g(of)f(4-jets,)k(it)c |
| | 19771 | (is)g(\014rst)i(necessary)h(to)e(mak)m(e)g(a)f(c)m(hoice)i(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 19772 | (een)h(q)p 3629 2364 52 4 v(q)q(gg)244 2525 y(and)36 |
| | 19773 | b(q)p 488 2473 V(q)q(q)591 2489 y Fk(0)p 615 2473 V 615 |
| | 19774 | 2525 a Fw(q)667 2489 y Fk(0)726 2525 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k(according)c |
| | 19775 | (to)g(the)h(relativ)m(e)e(\(parametrized\))h(total)f(cross)i(sections.) |
| | 19776 | 55 b(A)244 2634 y(phase-space)34 b(p)s(oin)m(t)d(is)h(then)h(selected,) |
| | 19777 | h(and)e(the)h(di\013eren)m(tial)e(cross)i(section)f(at)g(this)g(p)s |
| | 19778 | (oin)m(t)g(is)244 2742 y(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(and)h(compared)g(with)g |
| | 19779 | (a)f(parametrized)g(maxim)m(um)f(w)m(eigh)m(t.)45 b(If)33 |
| | 19780 | b(the)g(phase-space)244 2850 y(p)s(oin)m(t)f(is)g(rejected,)i(a)e(new)h |
| | 19781 | (one)g(is)f(selected,)i(un)m(til)d(an)i(acceptable)g(4-jet)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 19782 | (t)i(is)e(found.)119 2968 y(7.)49 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(3-jets,)g(a)g |
| | 19783 | (phase-space)i(p)s(oin)m(t)e(is)g(\014rst)h(c)m(hosen)h(according)e(to) |
| | 19784 | g(the)h(\014rst-order)f(cross)i(sec-)244 3077 y(tion.)42 |
| | 19785 | b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(this)g(p)s(oin)m(t,)g(the)h(w)m(eigh)m(t)1310 |
| | 19786 | 3304 y Fj(W)14 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1509 3319 y Fl(1)1549 3304 |
| | 19787 | y Fj(;)j(x)1648 3319 y Fl(2)1687 3304 y Fw(;)g Fj(y)t |
| | 19788 | Fw(\))27 b(=)g(1)22 b(+)2130 3236 y Fj(\013)2192 3251 |
| | 19789 | y Fl(s)p 2130 3280 95 4 v 2148 3372 a Fj(\031)2234 3304 |
| | 19790 | y(R)q Fw(\()p Fj(x)2402 3319 y Fl(1)2442 3304 y Fj(;)17 |
| | 19791 | b(x)2541 3319 y Fl(2)2580 3304 y Fw(;)g Fj(y)t Fw(\))892 |
| | 19792 | b(\(35\))244 3544 y(is)43 b(ev)-5 b(aluated.)76 b(Here)44 |
| | 19793 | b Fj(R)q Fw(\()p Fj(x)1269 3559 y Fl(1)1309 3544 y Fj(;)17 |
| | 19794 | b(x)1408 3559 y Fl(2)1448 3544 y Fw(;)g Fj(y)t Fw(\))42 |
| | 19795 | b(is)h(analytically)e(giv)m(en)j(for)f(GKS)g([Gut84)o(],)k(while)42 |
| | 19796 | b(it)h(is)244 3652 y(appro)m(ximated)32 b(b)m(y)i(the)g |
| | 19797 | (parametrization)d Fj(F)14 b Fw(\()p Fj(X)r(;)j(Y)k Fw(;)c |
| | 19798 | Fj(y)t Fw(\))31 b(of)i(eq.)h(\(34\))f(for)g(ER)-8 b(T\(Zh)m(u\).)45 |
| | 19799 | b(Again,)244 3761 y(linear)33 b(in)m(terp)s(olation)e(of)j |
| | 19800 | Fj(F)14 b Fw(\()p Fj(X)r(;)j(Y)k Fw(;)c Fj(y)t Fw(\))33 |
| | 19801 | b(has)i(to)f(b)s(e)h(applied)e(for)h(in)m(termediate)f |
| | 19802 | Fj(y)38 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues.)49 b(The)244 3869 y(w)m(eigh)m(t)33 |
| | 19803 | b Fj(W)46 b Fw(is)32 b(compared)g(with)h(a)f(maxim)m(um)e(w)m(eigh)m(t) |
| | 19804 | 1429 4096 y Fj(W)1521 4111 y Fl(max)1657 4096 y Fw(\()p |
| | 19805 | Fj(y)t Fw(\))c(=)i(1)22 b(+)2094 4029 y Fj(\013)2156 |
| | 19806 | 4044 y Fl(s)p 2094 4073 V 2111 4164 a Fj(\031)2198 4096 |
| | 19807 | y(R)2272 4111 y Fl(max)2408 4096 y Fw(\()p Fj(y)t Fw(\))31 |
| | 19808 | b Fj(;)1012 b Fw(\(36\))244 4331 y(whic)m(h)38 b(has)g(b)s(een)h(n)m |
| | 19809 | (umerically)d(determined)i(b)s(eforehand)g(and)g(suitably)f |
| | 19810 | (parametrized.)59 b(If)244 4439 y(the)33 b(phase-space)h(p)s(oin)m(t)e |
| | 19811 | (is)g(rejected,)i(a)e(new)i(p)s(oin)m(t)d(is)h(generated,)i(etc.)119 |
| | 19812 | 4557 y(8.)49 b(Massiv)m(e)41 b(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)h(are)g(not)g(a)m |
| | 19813 | (v)-5 b(ailable)38 b(in)h Fm(Jetset)g Fw(for)g(second-order)i(QCD)f |
| | 19814 | (\(but)244 4665 y(are)32 b(in)f(the)i(\014rst-order)f(option\).)42 |
| | 19815 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)35 b(if)c(a)g(3-)h(or)f(4-jet)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i |
| | 19816 | (determined)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(falls)244 4774 y(outside)c(the)h |
| | 19817 | (phase-space)h(region)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(for)h(massiv)m(e)h(quarks,)i |
| | 19818 | (the)d(ev)m(en)m(t)j(is)d(rejected)h(and)244 4882 y(reassigned)39 |
| | 19819 | b(to)f(b)s(e)g(a)g(2-jet)g(ev)m(en)m(t.)62 b(\(The)40 |
| | 19820 | b(w)m(a)m(y)f(the)g Fj(y)2280 4897 y Fh(ij)2378 4882 |
| | 19821 | y Fw(and)g Fj(y)2622 4897 y Fh(ij)t(k)2759 4882 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 19822 | b(ariables)37 b(of)g(4-jet)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)244 4990 y(should)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 19823 | (in)m(terpreted)g(for)f(massiv)m(e)h(quarks)h(is)e(not)g(ev)m(en)j |
| | 19824 | (unique,)f(so)f(some)f(latitute)f(has)244 5099 y(b)s(een)e(tak)m(en)h |
| | 19825 | (here)g(to)e(pro)m(vide)h(a)f(reasonable)h(con)m(tin)m(uit)m(y)g(from)e |
| | 19826 | (3-jet)h(ev)m(en)m(ts.\))53 b(This)35 b(pro)s(ce-)244 |
| | 19827 | 5207 y(dure)j(is)g(kno)m(wn)h(not)f(to)g(giv)m(e)f(the)i(exp)s(ected)h |
| | 19828 | (full)c(mass)i(suppression,)i(but)e(is)g(a)g(reasonable)244 |
| | 19829 | 5315 y(\014rst)33 b(appro)m(ximation.)119 5433 y(9.)49 |
| | 19830 | b(Finally)-8 b(,)37 b(if)f(the)j(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)d(classi\014ed)h(as)g |
| | 19831 | (a)g(2-jet)f(ev)m(en)m(t,)k(either)d(b)s(ecause)i(it)d(w)m(as)h |
| | 19832 | (initially)c(so)244 5542 y(assigned,)46 b(or)c(b)s(ecause)i(it)e |
| | 19833 | (failed)f(the)i(massiv)m(e)g(phase-space)i(cuts)f(for)e(3-)g(and)h |
| | 19834 | (4-jets,)i(the)244 5650 y(generation)32 b(of)g(2-jets)g(is)g(trivial.) |
| | 19835 | 1841 5953 y(74)p eop |
| | 19836 | %%Page: 75 81 |
| | 19837 | 75 80 bop 0 -18 a Fo(6.1.6)112 b(Optimized)36 b(p)s(erturbation)h |
| | 19838 | (theory)0 154 y Fw(Theoretically)-8 b(,)24 b(it)f(turns)i(out)e(that)h |
| | 19839 | (the)g(second-order)h(corrections)f(to)f(the)h(3-jet)f(rate)h(are)g |
| | 19840 | (large.)39 b(It)24 b(is)0 263 y(therefore)f(not)g(unreasonable)g(to)g |
| | 19841 | (exp)s(ect)h(large)e(third-order)g(corrections)h(to)f(the)i(4-jet)e |
| | 19842 | (rate.)40 b(Indeed,)0 371 y(the)26 b(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)e(4-jet)h(rate) |
| | 19843 | g(is)g(m)m(uc)m(h)h(larger)e(than)i(second)h(order)e(predicts)h(\(when) |
| | 19844 | g(fragmen)m(tation)0 479 y(e\013ects)34 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)f |
| | 19845 | (folded)f(in\),)g(if)f Fj(\013)1371 494 y Fl(s)1436 479 |
| | 19846 | y Fw(is)h(determined)g(based)i(on)e(the)h(3-jet)f(rate)h([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 19847 | b(o84a)o(,)33 b(JAD88)o(].)146 588 y(The)e(only)e(consisten)m(t)i(w)m |
| | 19848 | (a)m(y)f(to)g(resolv)m(e)g(this)f(issue)h(is)f(to)h(go)f(ahead)h(and)f |
| | 19849 | (calculate)g(the)h(full)e(next)0 696 y(order.)64 b(This)39 |
| | 19850 | b(is)g(a)g(tough)g(task,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)h(so)d(p)s(eople)e(ha)m(v) |
| | 19851 | m(e)j(lo)s(ok)m(ed)e(at)g(p)s(ossible)f(shortcuts.)65 |
| | 19852 | b(F)-8 b(or)0 804 y(example,)37 b(one)g(can)g(try)g(to)f(minimize)d |
| | 19853 | (the)k(higher-order)f(con)m(tributions)g(b)m(y)h(a)f(suitable)g(c)m |
| | 19854 | (hoice)h(of)0 913 y(the)h(renormalization)c(scale)j([Ste81])h(|)e |
| | 19855 | (`optimized)g(p)s(erturbation)h(theory'.)58 b(This)38 |
| | 19856 | b(is)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)0 1021 y(to)41 b(a)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(c)m |
| | 19857 | (hoice)h(for)f(the)h Fj(Q)1322 985 y Fl(2)1402 1021 y |
| | 19858 | Fw(scale)g(in)e Fj(\013)1829 1036 y Fl(s)1861 1021 y |
| | 19859 | Fw(,)k(a)d(scale)g(whic)m(h)h(is)f(not)g(unam)m(biguous)g(an)m(yw)m(a)m |
| | 19860 | (y)-8 b(.)0 1129 y(Indeed)45 b(the)g(standard)f(v)-5 |
| | 19861 | b(alue)43 b Fj(Q)1266 1093 y Fl(2)1353 1129 y Fw(=)k |
| | 19862 | Fj(s)g Fw(=)g Fj(E)1770 1093 y Fl(2)1764 1154 y(cm)1902 |
| | 19863 | 1129 y Fw(is)c(larger)g(than)h(the)g(natural)f(ph)m(ysical)h(scale)g |
| | 19864 | (of)0 1238 y(gluon)30 b(emission)h(in)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k(giv)m(en)e |
| | 19865 | (that)f(most)g(gluons)g(are)h(fairly)d(soft.)43 b(One)32 |
| | 19866 | b(could)f(therefore)h(pic)m(k)0 1346 y(another)39 b(scale,)i |
| | 19867 | Fj(Q)710 1310 y Fl(2)788 1346 y Fw(=)e Fj(f)11 b(s)p |
| | 19868 | Fw(,)40 b(with)f Fj(f)49 b(<)38 b Fw(1.)63 b(The)40 b |
| | 19869 | Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(\013)2043 1361 y Fl(s)2075 1346 y Fw(\))f(3-jet)f |
| | 19870 | (rate)h(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(increased)h(b)m(y)g(suc)m(h)0 |
| | 19871 | 1454 y(a)c(scale)g(c)m(hange,)i(and)e(so)g(w)m(ould)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b) |
| | 19872 | s(er)f(of)g(4-jet)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)40 b(including)34 b(those)j(whic)m(h) |
| | 19873 | f(collapse)0 1563 y(in)m(to)f(3-jet)h(ones.)54 b(The)37 |
| | 19874 | b(lo)s(op)e(corrections)h(dep)s(end)h(on)f(the)h Fj(Q)2344 |
| | 19875 | 1527 y Fl(2)2420 1563 y Fw(scale,)g(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)i(and)d(comp)s |
| | 19876 | (ensate)0 1671 y(the)d(c)m(hanges)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(b)m(y)h(giving)d |
| | 19877 | (a)h(larger)f(negativ)m(e)i(con)m(tribution)f(to)g(the)h(3-jet)f(rate.) |
| | 19878 | 146 1779 y(The)49 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d(of)h(pic)m(king)h(an)g |
| | 19879 | (optimized)e(scale)i Fj(f)58 b Fw(is)48 b(implemen)m(ted)e(as)i(follo)m |
| | 19880 | (ws)f([Sj\177)-49 b(o89)o(].)0 1888 y(Assume)33 b(that)g(the)g |
| | 19881 | (di\013eren)m(tial)e(3-jet)g(rate)i(at)f(scale)h Fj(Q)2084 |
| | 19882 | 1852 y Fl(2)2151 1888 y Fw(=)28 b Fj(s)k Fw(is)g(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 19883 | (the)g(expression)1496 2096 y Fj(R)1570 2111 y Fl(3)1637 |
| | 19884 | 2096 y Fw(=)28 b Fj(r)1785 2111 y Fl(1)1824 2096 y Fj(\013)1886 |
| | 19885 | 2111 y Fl(s)1940 2096 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(r)2082 2111 y Fl(2)2122 |
| | 19886 | 2096 y Fj(\013)2185 2055 y Fl(2)2184 2120 y(s)2256 2096 |
| | 19887 | y Fj(;)1323 b Fw(\(37\))0 2304 y(where)38 b Fj(R)360 |
| | 19888 | 2319 y Fl(3)399 2304 y Fw(,)g Fj(r)508 2319 y Fl(1)583 |
| | 19889 | 2304 y Fw(and)f Fj(r)821 2319 y Fl(2)896 2304 y Fw(are)g(functions)f |
| | 19890 | (of)g(the)h(kinematical)c(v)-5 b(ariables)36 b Fj(x)2764 |
| | 19891 | 2319 y Fl(1)2840 2304 y Fw(and)g Fj(x)3088 2319 y Fl(2)3164 |
| | 19892 | 2304 y Fw(and)h(the)g Fj(y)i Fw(cut,)0 2412 y(as)34 b(describ)s(ed)h |
| | 19893 | (ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)47 b(When)35 b(the)f(coupling)f(is)g(c)m(hosen)i(at)f |
| | 19894 | (a)f(di\013eren)m(t)h(scale,)g Fj(Q)3058 2376 y Fk(0)p |
| | 19895 | Fl(2)3147 2412 y Fw(=)29 b Fj(f)11 b(s)p Fw(,)34 b(the)g(3-jet)0 |
| | 19896 | 2520 y(rate)f(has)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(c)m(hanged)i(to)1486 |
| | 19897 | 2629 y Fj(R)1561 2588 y Fk(0)1560 2653 y Fl(3)1628 2629 |
| | 19898 | y Fw(=)27 b Fj(r)1778 2588 y Fk(0)1775 2653 y Fl(1)1815 |
| | 19899 | 2629 y Fj(\013)1878 2588 y Fk(0)1877 2653 y Fl(s)1931 |
| | 19900 | 2629 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(r)2073 2644 y Fl(2)2112 2629 y Fj(\013)2175 |
| | 19901 | 2588 y Fk(0)p Fl(2)2174 2653 y(s)2266 2629 y Fj(;)1313 |
| | 19902 | b Fw(\(38\))0 2791 y(where)34 b Fj(r)329 2755 y Fk(0)326 |
| | 19903 | 2816 y Fl(1)393 2791 y Fw(=)27 b Fj(r)540 2806 y Fl(1)580 |
| | 19904 | 2791 y Fw(,)1327 2955 y Fj(r)1374 2914 y Fk(0)1371 2980 |
| | 19905 | y Fl(2)1438 2955 y Fw(=)g Fj(r)1585 2970 y Fl(2)1647 |
| | 19906 | 2955 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(r)1789 2970 y Fl(1)1838 2888 y Fw(33)g |
| | 19907 | Fn(\000)h Fw(2)p Fj(n)2165 2903 y Fh(f)p 1838 2932 372 |
| | 19908 | 4 v 1946 3024 a Fw(12)p Fj(\031)2237 2955 y Fw(ln)15 |
| | 19909 | b Fj(f)44 b(;)1153 b Fw(\(39\))0 3161 y(and)34 b Fj(\013)254 |
| | 19910 | 3125 y Fk(0)253 3185 y Fl(s)315 3161 y Fw(=)c Fj(\013)483 |
| | 19911 | 3176 y Fl(s)515 3161 y Fw(\()p Fj(f)11 b(s)p Fw(\).)47 |
| | 19912 | b(Since)35 b(w)m(e)g(only)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)g(Born)f(term)f(for)h |
| | 19913 | (4-jets,)g(here)h(the)f(e\013ects)h(of)f(a)f(scale)0 |
| | 19914 | 3269 y(c)m(hange)25 b(come)f(only)g(from)g(the)g(c)m(hange)i(in)d(the)i |
| | 19915 | (coupling)e(constan)m(t.)42 b(Finally)-8 b(,)23 b(the)i(2-jet)f(cross)h |
| | 19916 | (section)0 3378 y(can)34 b(still)d(b)s(e)i(calculated)f(from)g(the)i |
| | 19917 | (di\013erence)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)d(total)f(cross)i(section)g(and) |
| | 19918 | f(the)h(3-)e(and)0 3486 y(4-jet)g(cross)h(sections.)146 |
| | 19919 | 3594 y(If)i(an)f(optimized)f(scale)h(is)g(used)h(in)f(the)h(program,)f |
| | 19920 | (the)g(default)g(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(is)g Fj(f)41 b Fw(=)31 |
| | 19921 | b(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(002,)j(whic)m(h)h(is)0 3703 y(fa)m(v)m(oured)27 |
| | 19922 | b(b)m(y)g(the)g(studies)g(in)e(ref.)41 b([Bet89].)h(\(In)26 |
| | 19923 | b(fact,)i(it)d(is)g(also)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(use)h(a)f(corresp)s |
| | 19924 | (ondingly)0 3811 y(optimized)36 b Fj(R)529 3826 y Fl(QCD)732 |
| | 19925 | 3811 y Fw(factor,)j(eq.)g(\(25\),)g(but)f(then)h(the)f(corresp)s |
| | 19926 | (onding)h Fj(f)48 b Fw(is)38 b(c)m(hosen)i(indep)s(enden)m(tly)0 |
| | 19927 | 3919 y(and)29 b(m)m(uc)m(h)g(closer)f(to)h(unit)m(y)-8 |
| | 19928 | b(.\))42 b(The)29 b(success)i(of)e(describing)f(the)h(jet)f(rates)h |
| | 19929 | (should)g(not)f(hide)h(the)g(fact)0 4028 y(that)k(one)h(is)f(dabbling)f |
| | 19930 | (in)h(\(educated,)i(hop)s(efully\))e(guessw)m(ork,)j(and)d(that)h(an)m |
| | 19931 | (y)g(conclusions)g(based)0 4136 y(on)e(this)h(metho)s(d)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 19932 | (to)e(b)s(e)h(tak)m(en)g(with)f(a)h(pinc)m(h)f(of)h(salt.)146 |
| | 19933 | 4244 y(One)g(sp)s(ecial)d(problem)h(asso)s(ciated)h(with)f(the)i(use)f |
| | 19934 | (of)g(optimized)e(p)s(erturbation)h(theory)h(is)g(that)0 |
| | 19935 | 4353 y(the)42 b(di\013eren)m(tial)d(3-jet)i(rate)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(ecome)f |
| | 19936 | (negativ)m(e)h(o)m(v)m(er)g(large)e(regions)h(of)g(the)h(\()p |
| | 19937 | Fj(x)3283 4368 y Fl(1)3323 4353 y Fj(;)17 b(x)3422 4368 |
| | 19938 | y Fl(2)3461 4353 y Fw(\))42 b(phase)0 4461 y(space.)h(This)29 |
| | 19939 | b(problem)f(already)g(exists,)j(at)d(least)g(in)g(principle,)g(ev)m(en) |
| | 19940 | j(for)d(a)h(scale)f Fj(f)39 b Fw(=)27 b(1,)j(since)f |
| | 19941 | Fj(r)3646 4476 y Fl(2)3714 4461 y Fw(is)0 4569 y(not)h(guaran)m(teed)h |
| | 19942 | (to)e(b)s(e)i(p)s(ositiv)m(e)e(de\014nite.)43 b(Indeed,)32 |
| | 19943 | b(dep)s(ending)e(on)g(the)h(c)m(hoice)f(of)g Fj(y)j Fw(cut,)e |
| | 19944 | Fj(\013)3498 4584 y Fl(s)3560 4569 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)0 |
| | 19945 | 4678 y(and)37 b(recom)m(bination)e(sc)m(heme,)j(one)f(ma)m(y)g(observ)m |
| | 19946 | (e)h(a)e(small)f(region)g(of)i(negativ)m(e)f(di\013eren)m(tial)f(3-jet) |
| | 19947 | 0 4786 y(rate)25 b(for)g(the)g(full)f(second-order)i(expression.)42 |
| | 19948 | b(This)26 b(region)e(is)h(cen)m(tred)h(around)g(q)p 3029 |
| | 19949 | 4733 52 4 v(qg)h(con\014gurations,)0 4894 y(where)i(the)f(q)g(and)p |
| | 19950 | 704 4841 V 28 w(q)g(are)f(close)h(together)g(in)f(one)h(hemisphere)g |
| | 19951 | (and)f(the)h(g)h(is)e(alone)g(in)g(the)h(other,)h(i.e.)0 |
| | 19952 | 5003 y Fj(x)55 5018 y Fl(1)124 5003 y Fn(\031)h Fj(x)286 |
| | 19953 | 5018 y Fl(2)355 5003 y Fn(\031)g Fw(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2.)45 |
| | 19954 | b(It)34 b(is)f(w)m(ell)g(understo)s(o)s(d)g(wh)m(y)i(second-order)g |
| | 19955 | (corrections)e(should)h(b)s(e)g(negativ)m(e)f(in)0 5111 |
| | 19956 | y(this)25 b(region)g([Dok89]:)40 b(the)26 b(q)g(and)p |
| | 19957 | 1284 5058 V 26 w(q)g(of)g(a)f(q)p 1591 5058 V(q)q(g)i(state)f(are)g(in) |
| | 19958 | f(a)g(relativ)m(e)g(colour)g(o)s(ctet)h(state,)i(and)d(th)m(us)0 |
| | 19959 | 5219 y(the)33 b(colour)f(force)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(them)d(is)g |
| | 19960 | (repulsiv)m(e,)h(whic)m(h)g(translates)g(in)m(to)e(a)i(negativ)m(e)f |
| | 19961 | (second-order)0 5328 y(term.)146 5436 y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)27 |
| | 19962 | b(as)c Fj(f)33 b Fw(is)22 b(decreased)j(b)s(elo)m(w)d(unit)m(y)-8 |
| | 19963 | b(,)25 b Fj(r)1846 5400 y Fk(0)1843 5461 y Fl(2)1905 |
| | 19964 | 5436 y Fw(receiv)m(es)f(a)e(negativ)m(e)h(con)m(tribution)f(from)f(the) |
| | 19965 | i(ln)16 b Fj(f)0 5544 y Fw(term,)27 b(and)f(the)h(region)e(of)g |
| | 19966 | (negativ)m(e)i(di\013eren)m(tial)d(cross)j(section)f(has)h(a)f |
| | 19967 | (tendency)i(to)d(b)s(ecome)i(larger,)0 5653 y(also)39 |
| | 19968 | b(after)h(taking)g(in)m(to)f(accoun)m(t)i(related)f(c)m(hanges)i(in)d |
| | 19969 | Fj(\013)2208 5668 y Fl(s)2240 5653 y Fw(.)67 b(In)40 |
| | 19970 | b(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t-generator)g(framew)m(ork,)1841 5953 |
| | 19971 | y(75)p eop |
| | 19972 | %%Page: 76 82 |
| | 19973 | 76 81 bop 0 -18 a Fw(where)48 b(all)d(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(are)d(supp)s(osed) |
| | 19974 | j(to)d(come)g(with)h(unit)f(w)m(eigh)m(t,)51 b(it)45 |
| | 19975 | b(is)h(clearly)g(not)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)0 90 y(sim)m(ulate)30 |
| | 19976 | b(negativ)m(e)i(cross)h(sections.)44 b(What)32 b(happ)s(ens)h(in)e(the) |
| | 19977 | h(program)e(is)h(therefore)i(that)e(no)h(3-jet)0 198 |
| | 19978 | y(ev)m(en)m(ts)39 b(at)e(all)e(are)i(generated)h(in)f(the)g(regions)g |
| | 19979 | (of)f(negativ)m(e)i(di\013eren)m(tial)d(cross)j(section,)g(and)g(that)0 |
| | 19980 | 307 y(the)c(3-jet)e(rate)h(in)f(regions)h(of)g(p)s(ositiv)m(e)f(cross)i |
| | 19981 | (sections)g(is)f(reduced)h(b)m(y)g(a)f(constan)m(t)h(factor,)f(c)m |
| | 19982 | (hosen)0 415 y(so)39 b(that)g(the)g(total)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f |
| | 19983 | (3-jet)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(comes)e(out)g(as)g(it)f(should.)62 |
| | 19984 | b(This)39 b(is)g(a)f(consequence)0 523 y(of)f(the)g(w)m(a)m(y)i(the)e |
| | 19985 | (program)f(w)m(orks,)j(where)g(it)d(is)h(\014rst)g(decided)h(what)f |
| | 19986 | (kind)g(of)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(to)e(generate,)0 632 y(based)31 |
| | 19987 | b(on)f(in)m(tegrated)f(3-jet)g(rates)i(in)e(whic)m(h)h(p)s(ositiv)m(e)f |
| | 19988 | (and)h(negativ)m(e)g(con)m(tributions)g(are)g(added)g(up)0 |
| | 19989 | 740 y(with)i(sign,)g(and)h(only)f(thereafter)h(the)g(kinematics)f(is)g |
| | 19990 | (c)m(hosen.)146 848 y(Based)41 b(on)e(our)g(ph)m(ysics)i(understanding) |
| | 19991 | f(of)f(the)h(origin)d(of)i(this)h(negativ)m(e)f(cross)i(section,)g(the) |
| | 19992 | 0 957 y(approac)m(h)27 b(adopted)g(is)f(as)h(sensible)g(as)g(an)m(y)-8 |
| | 19993 | b(,)28 b(at)f(least)f(to)g(that)g(order)h(in)f(p)s(erturbation)g |
| | 19994 | (theory)h(\(what)0 1065 y(one)h(migh)m(t)f(striv)m(e)h(for)g(is)f(a)h |
| | 19995 | (prop)s(erly)f(exp)s(onen)m(tiated)i(description)e(of)h(the)g(relev)-5 |
| | 19996 | b(an)m(t)28 b(region\).)41 b(It)28 b(can)0 1173 y(giv)m(e)39 |
| | 19997 | b(rise)f(to)h(funn)m(y)h(results)f(for)f(lo)m(w)g Fj(f)50 |
| | 19998 | b Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)40 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(as)c(observ)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e |
| | 19999 | (OP)-8 b(AL)39 b([OP)-8 b(A92])39 b(for)0 1282 y(the)33 |
| | 20000 | b(energy{energy)h(correlation)d(asymmetry)-8 b(.)0 1529 |
| | 20001 | y Fo(6.1.7)112 b(Angular)37 b(orien)m(tation)0 1702 y |
| | 20002 | Fw(While)28 b(pure)i Fj(\015)k Fw(exc)m(hange)d(giv)m(es)f(a)f(simple)f |
| | 20003 | (1)15 b(+)g(cos)1899 1666 y Fl(2)1955 1702 y Fj(\022)33 |
| | 20004 | b Fw(distribution)27 b(for)i(the)h(q)f(\(and)p 3177 1649 |
| | 20005 | 52 4 v 30 w(q\))g(direction)f(in)0 1810 y(q)p 51 1758 |
| | 20006 | V(q)j(ev)m(en)m(ts,)i(Z)514 1774 y Fl(0)583 1810 y Fw(exc)m(hange)f |
| | 20007 | (and)f Fj(\015)1242 1774 y Fk(\003)1281 1810 y Fj(=)p |
| | 20008 | Fw(Z)1390 1774 y Fl(0)1459 1810 y Fw(in)m(terference)h(results)e(in)g |
| | 20009 | (a)g(forw)m(ard{bac)m(kw)m(ard)i(asymmetry)-8 b(.)0 1919 |
| | 20010 | y(If)33 b(one)f(in)m(tro)s(duces)429 2127 y Fj(h)485 |
| | 20011 | 2086 y Fk(0)485 2151 y Fl(f)517 2127 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p |
| | 20012 | Fw(\))82 b(=)h(2)p Fj(e)974 2142 y Fl(e)1026 2030 y Fg(n)1082 |
| | 20013 | 2127 y Fj(a)1133 2142 y Fl(e)1168 2127 y Fw(\(1)22 b |
| | 20014 | Fn(\000)h Fj(P)1454 2086 y Fl(+)1440 2151 y(L)1512 2127 |
| | 20015 | y Fj(P)1589 2086 y Fk(\000)1575 2151 y Fl(L)1648 2127 |
| | 20016 | y Fw(\))f Fn(\000)h Fj(v)1855 2142 y Fl(e)1890 2127 y |
| | 20017 | Fw(\()p Fj(P)2005 2086 y Fk(\000)1991 2151 y Fl(L)2086 |
| | 20018 | 2127 y Fn(\000)f Fj(P)2262 2086 y Fl(+)2248 2151 y(L)2321 |
| | 20019 | 2127 y Fw(\))2359 2030 y Fg(o)2447 2127 y Fn(<)p Fj(\037)p |
| | 20020 | Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))p Fj(e)2747 2142 y Fl(f)2778 2127 |
| | 20021 | y Fj(a)2829 2142 y Fl(f)880 2309 y Fw(+)989 2213 y Fg(n)1045 |
| | 20022 | 2309 y Fw(2)p Fj(v)1141 2324 y Fl(e)1176 2309 y Fj(a)1227 |
| | 20023 | 2324 y Fl(e)1263 2309 y Fw(\(1)g Fn(\000)g Fj(P)1548 |
| | 20024 | 2268 y Fl(+)1534 2334 y(L)1607 2309 y Fj(P)1684 2268 |
| | 20025 | y Fk(\000)1670 2334 y Fl(L)1742 2309 y Fw(\))g Fn(\000)h |
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| | 20050 | 52 4 v 49 w(q)h(in)f(the)g Fj(xz)54 b Fw(plane)48 b(with)g |
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| | 20052 | 3396 y(orien)m(tation)36 b(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)h(reac)m(hed)g(b)m(y)g(the)g |
| | 20053 | (rotations)e(+)p Fj(\037)h Fw(in)f(azim)m(uthal)f(angle,)j(+)p |
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| | 20072 | 3993 V(q)q(q)2270 4009 y Fk(0)p 2294 3993 V 2294 4046 |
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| | 20088 | (anisotropies)e(presen)m(t)j(in)e(2-jet)f(systems.)43 |
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| | 20090 | b(of)h(the)h(program,)g(only)f(the)h(initial)38 b(q)p |
| | 20091 | 1785 4860 V(q)44 b(axis)e(is)g(determined.)72 b(The)43 |
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| | 20093 | b(then)i Fi(de)h(facto)d Fw(leads)h(to)g(a)f(smearing)g(of)g(the)i(jet) |
| | 20094 | f(axis,)g(although)f(not)h(necessarily)g(in)f(full)0 |
| | 20095 | 5129 y(agreemen)m(t)33 b(with)f(the)h(exp)s(ectations)g(from)e(m)m |
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| | 20103 | %%Page: 77 83 |
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| | 20107 | Fj(x)1029 342 y Fh(\015)1111 258 y Fw(=)1225 191 y Fj(\013)1287 |
| | 20108 | 206 y Fl(em)p 1225 235 157 4 v 1274 327 a Fj(\031)1424 |
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| | 20110 | 125 4 v 1598 327 a(m)1683 298 y Fl(2)1683 351 y(e)1755 |
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| | 20112 | Fn(\000)h Fj(x)2445 206 y Fh(\015)2489 191 y Fw(\))2527 |
| | 20113 | 155 y Fl(2)p 2012 235 555 4 v 2240 327 a Fj(x)2295 342 |
| | 20114 | y Fh(\015)2593 258 y Fj(\033)2648 273 y Fl(0)2688 258 |
| | 20115 | y Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(\))33 b Fj(;)736 b Fw(\(42\))0 |
| | 20116 | 541 y(where)35 b Fj(x)338 556 y Fh(\015)417 541 y Fw(is)f(the)g(photon) |
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| | 20131 | Fj(=)t Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)34 b Fw(singularit)m(y)f(\(the)i(real)e(photon)0 |
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| | 20211 | Fw(1,)k Fj(N)1777 4876 y Fh(C)1869 4861 y Fw(=)c(3)h |
| | 20212 | Fn(!)f Fw(0,)k(and)f Fj(T)2552 4876 y Fh(R)2643 4861 |
| | 20213 | y Fw(=)d Fj(n)2809 4876 y Fl(f)2840 4861 y Fj(=)p Fw(2)h |
| | 20214 | Fn(!)f Fw(3)p Fj(n)3210 4876 y Fl(f)3241 4861 y Fw(.)52 |
| | 20215 | b(First-order)0 4970 y(matrix)31 b(elemen)m(ts)i(con)m(tain)g(only)f |
| | 20216 | Fj(C)1345 4985 y Fh(F)1403 4970 y Fw(;)h(therefore)h(the)f(standard)g |
| | 20217 | (\014rst-order)g(QCD)g(results)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)0 5078 |
| | 20218 | y(reco)m(v)m(ered)42 b(b)m(y)f(a)f(rescaling)f(of)h Fj(\013)1260 |
| | 20219 | 5093 y Fl(s)1332 5078 y Fw(b)m(y)h(a)e(factor)h(4)p Fj(=)p |
| | 20220 | Fw(3.)65 b(In)40 b(second)i(order)e(the)g(c)m(hange)h(of)f |
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| | 20226 | y Fk(0)p 1967 5242 52 4 v 1967 5295 a Fw(q)2019 5259 |
| | 20227 | y Fk(0)2078 5295 y Fw(coupling,)i(i.e.)53 b(to)36 b(an)f(enhancemen)m |
| | 20228 | (t)j(of)d(the)0 5403 y(q)p 51 5350 V(q)q(q)154 5367 y |
| | 20229 | Fk(0)p 178 5350 V 178 5403 a Fw(q)229 5367 y Fk(0)285 |
| | 20230 | 5403 y Fw(4-jet)d(ev)m(en)m(t)i(rate.)146 5511 y(The)39 |
| | 20231 | b(second-order)f(corrections)f(to)g(the)h(3-jet)e(rate)i(turn)f(out)g |
| | 20232 | (to)g(b)s(e)h(strongly)e(negativ)m(e)i(|)f(if)0 5620 |
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| | 20235 | (predicted)g(di\013eren)m(tial)d(3-jet)i(rate)1841 5953 |
| | 20236 | y(77)p eop |
| | 20237 | %%Page: 78 84 |
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| | 20240 | b(x)1844 -3 y Fl(2)1884 -18 y Fw(\))37 b(plane.)56 b(Whether)38 |
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| | 20269 | 1282 y(as)d(a)f(constan)m(t)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)146 1390 |
| | 20270 | y(The)47 b(scalar)d(gluon)h(mo)s(del)e(is)i(ev)m(en)i(more)d(excluded)j |
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| | 20272 | 1498 y(di\013erences)34 b(app)s(ear)e(already)g(in)g(the)h(3-jet)f |
| | 20273 | (matrix)f(elemen)m(t)h([Lae80]:)1415 1688 y(d)p Fj(\033)p |
| | 20274 | 1315 1732 315 4 v 1315 1823 a Fw(d)p Fj(x)1424 1838 y |
| | 20275 | Fl(1)1480 1823 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)1589 1838 y Fl(2)1667 1755 |
| | 20276 | y Fn(/)2076 1688 y Fj(x)2131 1652 y Fl(2)2131 1712 y(3)p |
| | 20277 | 1782 1732 683 4 v 1782 1823 a Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(x)2046 |
| | 20278 | 1838 y Fl(1)2086 1823 y Fw(\)\(1)e Fn(\000)i Fj(x)2387 |
| | 20279 | 1838 y Fl(2)2427 1823 y Fw(\))3606 1755 y(\(43\))0 2013 |
| | 20280 | y(when)46 b(only)e Fj(\015)50 b Fw(exc)m(hange)c(is)e(included.)80 |
| | 20281 | b(The)45 b(axial)e(part)i(of)f(the)h(Z)2645 1977 y Fl(0)2729 |
| | 20282 | 2013 y Fw(giv)m(es)g(a)f(sligh)m(tly)f(di\013eren)m(t)0 |
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| | 20293 | (since)g(the)g(correct)g(running)f(is)g(not)h(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 20294 | b(ailable.)0 2717 y Fp(6.2)135 b(Deca)l(ys)46 b(of)f(Onia)h(Resonances) |
| | 20295 | 0 2890 y Fw(Man)m(y)35 b(di\013eren)m(t)g(p)s(ossibilities)c(are)k(op)s |
| | 20296 | (en)f(for)g(the)h(deca)m(y)h(of)d(hea)m(vy)j Fj(J)2640 |
| | 20297 | 2853 y Fh(P)10 b(C)2785 2890 y Fw(=)30 b(1)2940 2853 |
| | 20298 | y Fk(\000\000)3088 2890 y Fw(onia)k(resonances.)0 2998 |
| | 20299 | y(Of)40 b(sp)s(ecial)g(in)m(terest)h(are)g(the)g(deca)m(ys)h(in)m(to)e |
| | 20300 | (three)i(gluons)e(or)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(gluons)f(plus)h(a)f(photon,)j(since) |
| | 20301 | 0 3106 y(these)37 b(o\013er)e(unique)i(p)s(ossibilities)32 |
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| | 20305 | (at)h(a)f(time)f(where)j(the)f(exp)s(ectations)0 3323 |
| | 20306 | y(w)m(ere)32 b(to)e(\014nd)h(top)s(onium)d(at)i(PETRA)i(energies.)43 |
| | 20307 | b(If,)31 b(as)f(no)m(w)h(seems)h(lik)m(ely)-8 b(,)29 |
| | 20308 | b(the)i(top)f(mass)h(is)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)0 3431 y(100)i(GeV,)g(w)m(eak) |
| | 20309 | h(deca)m(ys)i(will)30 b(dominate,)h(to)g(the)i(exten)m(t)h(that)e(the)h |
| | 20310 | (top)f(quark)h(will)d(deca)m(y)k(w)m(eakly)0 3540 y(ev)m(en)g(b)s |
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| | 20312 | (us)h(the)g(routine)e(will)f(b)s(e)i(of)g(no)g(use)h(for)0 |
| | 20313 | 3648 y(top.)55 b(The)37 b(c)m(harm)f(system,)j(on)d(the)h(other)f |
| | 20314 | (hand,)i(is)e(far)g(to)s(o)f(lo)m(w)h(in)g(mass)g(for)g(a)g(jet)h |
| | 20315 | (language)e(to)0 3756 y(b)s(e)i(of)f(an)m(y)h(use.)56 |
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| | 20319 | y(The)i(matrix)d(elemen)m(t)h(for)g(q)p 1224 3920 52 |
| | 20320 | 4 v(q)d Fn(!)e Fw(ggg)33 b(is)g(\(in)e(lo)m(w)m(est)i(order\))g([Kol78) |
| | 20321 | n(])584 4165 y(1)p 525 4210 167 4 v 525 4301 a Fj(\033)580 |
| | 20322 | 4316 y Fl(ggg)759 4165 y Fw(d)p Fj(\033)868 4180 y Fl(ggg)p |
| | 20323 | 712 4210 315 4 v 712 4301 a Fw(d)p Fj(x)821 4316 y Fl(1)877 |
| | 20324 | 4301 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)986 4316 y Fl(2)1064 4233 y Fw(=)1288 |
| | 20325 | 4165 y(1)p 1177 4210 269 4 v 1177 4301 a Fj(\031)1236 |
| | 20326 | 4272 y Fl(2)1298 4301 y Fn(\000)23 b Fw(9)1473 4087 y |
| | 20327 | Fg(\()1540 4112 y(\022)1611 4165 y Fw(1)f Fn(\000)g Fj(x)1836 |
| | 20328 | 4180 y Fl(1)p 1611 4210 266 4 v 1649 4301 a Fj(x)1704 |
| | 20329 | 4316 y Fl(2)1744 4301 y Fj(x)1799 4316 y Fl(3)1886 4112 |
| | 20330 | y Fg(\023)1947 4128 y Fl(2)2009 4233 y Fw(+)2107 4112 |
| | 20331 | y Fg(\022)2178 4165 y Fw(1)g Fn(\000)h Fj(x)2404 4180 |
| | 20332 | y Fl(2)p 2178 4210 V 2216 4301 a Fj(x)2271 4316 y Fl(1)2311 |
| | 20333 | 4301 y Fj(x)2366 4316 y Fl(3)2453 4112 y Fg(\023)2515 |
| | 20334 | 4128 y Fl(2)2576 4233 y Fw(+)2674 4112 y Fg(\022)2745 |
| | 20335 | 4165 y Fw(1)f Fn(\000)h Fj(x)2971 4180 y Fl(3)p 2745 |
| | 20336 | 4210 V 2783 4301 a Fj(x)2838 4316 y Fl(1)2878 4301 y |
| | 20337 | Fj(x)2933 4316 y Fl(2)3021 4112 y Fg(\023)3082 4128 y |
| | 20338 | Fl(2)3121 4087 y Fg(\))3237 4233 y Fj(;)342 b Fw(\(44\))0 |
| | 20339 | 4493 y(where,)43 b(as)d(b)s(efore,)j Fj(x)830 4508 y |
| | 20340 | Fh(i)899 4493 y Fw(=)d(2)p Fj(E)1136 4508 y Fh(i)1164 |
| | 20341 | 4493 y Fj(=E)1285 4508 y Fl(cm)1419 4493 y Fw(in)g(the)g(c.m.)66 |
| | 20342 | b(frame)39 b(of)g(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t.)68 b(This)40 b(is)f(a)h(w)m |
| | 20343 | (ell-de\014ned)0 4601 y(expression,)c(without)e(the)g(kind)g(of)g |
| | 20344 | (singularities)e(encoun)m(tered)k(in)d(the)i(q)p 2794 |
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| | 20346 | y(principle,)40 b(no)f(cuts)i(at)e(all)f(w)m(ould)h(b)s(e)h(necessary) |
| | 20347 | -8 b(,)44 b(but)c(for)f(reasons)h(of)f(n)m(umerical)f(simplicit)m(y)f |
| | 20348 | (w)m(e)0 4818 y(implemen)m(t)32 b(a)h Fj(y)j Fw(cut)e(as)g(for)f(con)m |
| | 20349 | (tin)m(uum)g(jet)h(pro)s(duction,)f(with)g(all)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(not)f |
| | 20350 | (ful\014lling)c(this)j(cut)0 4926 y(considered)i(as)f(\(e\013ectiv)m |
| | 20351 | (e\))g(gg)h(ev)m(en)m(ts.)50 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(ggg)h(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j |
| | 20352 | (eac)m(h)d(gg)h(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)32 b(mass)i(is)g(required)g(to)0 |
| | 20353 | 5034 y(b)s(e)f(at)f(least)g(2)g(GeV.)146 5143 y(Another)d(pro)s(cess)h |
| | 20354 | (is)e(q)p 1005 5090 V(q)g Fn(!)g Fj(\015)5 b Fw(gg)q(,)29 |
| | 20355 | b(obtained)f(b)m(y)h(replacing)e(a)h(gluon)f(in)h(q)p |
| | 20356 | 2863 5090 V(q)h Fn(!)e Fw(ggg)i(b)m(y)g(a)f(photon.)0 |
| | 20357 | 5251 y(This)36 b(pro)s(cess)h(has)f(the)g(same)g(normalized)e(cross)j |
| | 20358 | (section)f(as)g(the)g(one)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)h(if)e(e.g.)54 |
| | 20359 | b Fj(x)3370 5266 y Fl(1)3445 5251 y Fw(is)35 b(tak)m(en)0 |
| | 20360 | 5359 y(to)d(refer)h(to)f(the)h(photon.)44 b(The)33 b(relativ)m(e)f |
| | 20361 | (rate)h(is)f([Kol78)n(])1488 5556 y Fj(\033)1543 5571 |
| | 20362 | y Fh(\015)t Fl(gg)p 1488 5600 172 4 v 1490 5691 a Fj(\033)1545 |
| | 20363 | 5706 y Fl(ggg)1697 5623 y Fw(=)1811 5556 y(36)p 1811 |
| | 20364 | 5600 98 4 v 1835 5691 a(5)1958 5549 y Fj(e)2003 5513 |
| | 20365 | y Fl(2)2003 5573 y(q)2062 5549 y Fj(\013)2124 5564 y |
| | 20366 | Fl(em)p 1945 5600 287 4 v 1945 5691 a Fj(\013)2007 5706 |
| | 20367 | y Fl(s)2039 5691 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)2154 5662 y Fl(2)2194 |
| | 20368 | 5691 y Fw(\))2274 5623 y Fj(:)1305 b Fw(\(45\))1841 5953 |
| | 20369 | y(78)p eop |
| | 20370 | %%Page: 79 85 |
| | 20371 | 79 84 bop 0 -18 a Fw(Here)31 b Fj(e)273 -3 y Fl(q)344 |
| | 20372 | -18 y Fw(is)f(the)h(c)m(harge)f(of)g(the)g(hea)m(vy)i(quark,)g(and)e |
| | 20373 | (the)g(scale)g(in)g Fj(\013)2519 -3 y Fl(s)2581 -18 y |
| | 20374 | Fw(has)g(b)s(een)h(c)m(hosen)h(as)e(the)h(mass)0 90 y(of)i(the)i(onium) |
| | 20375 | d(state.)48 b(If)34 b(the)g(mass)g(of)f(the)h(recoiling)e(gg)i(system)h |
| | 20376 | (is)f(lo)m(w)m(er)g(than)f(some)h(cut-o\013)g(\(b)m(y)0 |
| | 20377 | 198 y(default)e(2)g(GeV\),)h(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)e(rejected.)146 |
| | 20378 | 307 y(In)40 b(the)h(presen)m(t)g(implemen)m(tation)c(the)j(angular)e |
| | 20379 | (orien)m(tation)g(of)i(the)g(ggg)g(and)g Fj(\015)5 b |
| | 20380 | Fw(gg)41 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(is)0 415 y(giv)m(en)30 b(for)f(the)h(e)606 |
| | 20381 | 379 y Fl(+)666 415 y Fw(e)709 379 y Fk(\000)796 415 y |
| | 20382 | Fn(!)d Fj(\015)979 379 y Fk(\003)1046 415 y Fn(!)i Fw(onium)g(case)h |
| | 20383 | ([Kol78)o(])f(\(optionally)e(with)j(b)s(eam)f(p)s(olarization)d |
| | 20384 | (e\013ects)0 523 y(included\),)40 b(i.e.)62 b(w)m(eak)41 |
| | 20385 | b(e\013ects)f(ha)m(v)m(e)g(not)f(b)s(een)h(included,)g(since)f(they)h |
| | 20386 | (are)f(negligible)d(at)i(around)0 632 y(10)32 b(GeV.)146 |
| | 20387 | 740 y(It)41 b(is)f(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(start)h(a)f(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)h |
| | 20388 | (sho)m(w)m(er)h(ev)m(olution)d(from)h(either)g(of)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)i |
| | 20389 | (states)0 848 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)h(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33 |
| | 20390 | b(for)d(\007)f(the)h(phase)h(space)g(for)f(additional)c(ev)m(olution)j |
| | 20391 | (is)h(so)g(constrained)g(that)g(not)0 957 y(m)m(uc)m(h)40 |
| | 20392 | b(is)f(to)g(b)s(e)g(gained)g(from)f(that.)64 b(W)-8 b(e)39 |
| | 20393 | b(therefore)h(do)g(not)f(recommend)g(this)g(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)-8 |
| | 20394 | b(.)62 b(The)0 1065 y(sho)m(w)m(er)36 b(generation)e(mac)m(hinery)-8 |
| | 20395 | b(,)35 b(when)h(starting)e(up)h(from)e(a)i Fj(\015)5 |
| | 20396 | b Fw(gg)35 b(con\014guration,)g(is)f(constructed)0 1173 |
| | 20397 | y(suc)m(h)50 b(that)e(the)h(photon)f(energy)h(is)f(not)g(c)m(hanged.)92 |
| | 20398 | b(This)48 b(means)h(that)f(there)h(is)f(curren)m(tly)h(no)0 |
| | 20399 | 1282 y(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)34 b(to)j(use)g(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(to)d(bring)g |
| | 20400 | (the)h(theoretical)e(photon)i(sp)s(ectrum)g(in)e(b)s(etter)i(agreemen)m |
| | 20401 | (t)0 1390 y(with)32 b(the)h(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)f(one.)146 |
| | 20402 | 1498 y(In)37 b(string)f(fragmen)m(tation)e(language,)i(a)h(ggg)g(state) |
| | 20403 | f(corresp)s(onds)i(to)e(a)g(closed)h(string)e(triangle)0 |
| | 20404 | 1607 y(with)f(the)g(three)h(gluons)e(at)h(the)g(corners.)49 |
| | 20405 | b(As)35 b(the)f(partons)g(mo)m(v)m(e)h(apart)e(from)g(a)h(common)f |
| | 20406 | (origin,)0 1715 y(the)39 b(string)f(triangle)e(expands.)63 |
| | 20407 | b(Since)38 b(the)h(photon)f(do)s(es)h(not)f(tak)m(e)i(part)e(in)f(the)i |
| | 20408 | (fragmen)m(tation,)0 1823 y(the)33 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(gg)33 |
| | 20409 | b(state)g(corresp)s(onds)h(to)f(a)f(double)g(string)g(running)g(b)s(et) |
| | 20410 | m(w)m(een)j(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)g(gluons.)0 2097 y Fp(6.3)135 |
| | 20411 | b(Routines)46 b(and)f(Common)g(Blo)t(c)l(k)g(V)-11 b(ariables)0 |
| | 20412 | 2270 y Fo(6.3.1)112 b Fw(e)385 2234 y Fl(+)445 2270 y |
| | 20413 | Fw(e)488 2234 y Fk(\000)585 2270 y Fo(con)m(tin)m(uum)36 |
| | 20414 | b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generation)0 2443 y Fw(The)j(only)e(routine)h(a)g |
| | 20415 | (normal)e(user)i(will)e(call)g(to)i(generate)h(e)2349 |
| | 20416 | 2406 y Fl(+)2408 2443 y Fw(e)2451 2406 y Fk(\000)2549 |
| | 20417 | 2443 y Fw(con)m(tin)m(uum)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(is)e Fq(LUEEVT)p |
| | 20418 | Fw(.)0 2551 y(The)27 b(other)f(routines)g(listed)f(b)s(elo)m(w,)j(as)e |
| | 20419 | (w)m(ell)f(as)i Fq(LUSHOW)g Fw(\(see)g(section)g(10.4\),)f(are)h |
| | 20420 | (called)d(b)m(y)29 b Fq(LUEEVT)p Fw(.)p 0 2701 1184 9 |
| | 20421 | v 0 2926 9 225 v 79 2841 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUEEVT\(KFL,ECM\))p |
| | 20422 | 1175 2926 V 0 2934 1184 9 v 0 3075 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c |
| | 20423 | Fw(to)23 b(generate)g(a)g(complete)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(e)1736 |
| | 20424 | 3039 y Fl(+)1795 3075 y Fw(e)1838 3039 y Fk(\000)1925 |
| | 20425 | 3075 y Fn(!)j Fj(\015)2109 3039 y Fk(\003)2148 3075 y |
| | 20426 | Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2257 3039 y Fl(0)2324 3075 y Fn(!)f Fw(q)p |
| | 20427 | 2502 3022 52 4 v(q)i Fn(!)22 b Fw(parton)h(sho)m(w)m(er)i |
| | 20428 | Fn(!)e Fw(hadrons)472 3184 y(according)30 b(to)g(QFD)g(and)g(QCD)g |
| | 20429 | (cross)i(sections.)43 b(As)31 b(an)f(alternativ)m(e)g(to)g(parton)g |
| | 20430 | (sho)m(w-)472 3292 y(ers,)41 b(second-order)e(matrix)d(elemen)m(ts)i |
| | 20431 | (are)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)36 b(for)h(q)p 2740 3239 V(q)27 |
| | 20432 | b(+)f(q)p 2971 3239 V(q)q(g)f(+)h(q)p 3250 3239 V(q)q(gg)f(+)h(q)p |
| | 20433 | 3578 3239 V(q)q(q)3681 3256 y Fk(0)p 3705 3239 V 3705 |
| | 20434 | 3292 a Fw(q)3756 3256 y Fk(0)472 3400 y Fw(pro)s(duction.)0 |
| | 20435 | 3509 y Fq(KFL)52 b(:)216 b Fw(\015a)m(v)m(our)34 b(of)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)j |
| | 20436 | (generated.)236 3617 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(mixture)31 |
| | 20437 | b(of)i(all)d(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i(according)e(to)g(relev) |
| | 20438 | -5 b(an)m(t)33 b(probabilities.)236 3725 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(-)h(8)f(:)d |
| | 20439 | Fw(primary)31 b(quarks)j(are)f(only)f(of)g(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)g |
| | 20440 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)h Fq(KFL)p Fw(.)0 3834 y Fq(ECM)52 b(:)216 |
| | 20441 | b Fw(total)31 b(c.m.)44 b(energy)33 b(of)f(system.)0 |
| | 20442 | 3942 y Fo(Remark:)53 b Fw(Eac)m(h)41 b(call)d(generates)i(one)g(ev)m |
| | 20443 | (en)m(t,)j(whic)m(h)d(is)f(indep)s(enden)m(t)i(of)e(preceding)h(ones,)i |
| | 20444 | (with)472 4050 y(one)e(exception,)h(as)f(follo)m(ws.)62 |
| | 20445 | b(If)39 b(radiativ)m(e)f(corrections)h(are)g(included,)i(the)e(shap)s |
| | 20446 | (e)h(of)472 4159 y(the)f(hard)g(photon)f(sp)s(ectrum)h(is)f |
| | 20447 | (recalculated)g(only)g(with)g(eac)m(h)i Fq(LUXTOT)g Fw(call,)e(whic)m |
| | 20448 | (h)472 4267 y(normally)33 b(is)i(done)h(only)f(if)41 |
| | 20449 | b Fq(KFL)p Fw(,)c Fq(ECM)f Fw(or)f Fq(MSTJ\(102\))j Fw(is)c(c)m |
| | 20450 | (hanged.)54 b(A)35 b(c)m(hange)h(of)f(e.g.)472 4375 y(the)i(Z)704 |
| | 20451 | 4339 y Fl(0)779 4375 y Fw(mass)e(in)h(mid-run)e(has)i(to)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 20452 | (follo)m(w)m(ed)f(either)g(b)m(y)i(a)f(user)h(call)d(to)h |
| | 20453 | Fq(LUXTOT)j Fw(or)472 4484 y(b)m(y)c(an)e(in)m(ternal)g(call)f(forced)i |
| | 20454 | (e.g.)43 b(b)m(y)34 b(putting)f Fq(MSTJ\(116\)=3)p Fw(.)0 |
| | 20455 | 4671 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUXTOT\(KFL,ECM,XTOT\))j(:)47 |
| | 20456 | b Fw(to)33 b(calculate)g(the)g(total)f(hadronic)h(cross)i(section,)f |
| | 20457 | (in-)472 4780 y(cluding)i(quark)i(thresholds,)h(w)m(eak,)g(b)s(eam)d(p) |
| | 20458 | s(olarization,)f(and)i(QCD)g(e\013ects)h(and)f(ra-)472 |
| | 20459 | 4888 y(diativ)m(e)42 b(corrections.)71 b(In)42 b(the)h(pro)s(cess,)i(v) |
| | 20460 | -5 b(ariables)41 b(necessary)j(for)e(the)g(treatmen)m(t)g(of)472 |
| | 20461 | 4996 y(hard)33 b(photon)g(radiation)d(are)j(calculated)e(and)i(stored.) |
| | 20462 | 236 5105 y Fq(KFL,)53 b(ECM)f(:)47 b Fw(as)33 b(for)f |
| | 20463 | Fq(LUEEVT)p Fw(.)236 5213 y Fq(XTOT)53 b(:)165 b Fw(the)33 |
| | 20464 | b(calculated)e(total)g(cross)j(section)f(in)e(n)m(b.)0 |
| | 20465 | 5321 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LURADK\(ECM,MK,PAK,THEK,PH)q(IK,A)q(LPK\))k |
| | 20466 | (:)47 b Fw(to)k(describ)s(e)g(initial-state)d(hard)j |
| | 20467 | Fj(\015)472 5430 y Fw(radiation.)0 5538 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)j |
| | 20468 | (LUXKFL\(KFL,ECM,ECMC,KFLC\))k(:)47 b Fw(to)42 b(generate)g(the)g |
| | 20469 | (primary)f(quark)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(in)472 5646 y(case)34 |
| | 20470 | b(this)e(is)g(not)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(user.)1841 |
| | 20471 | 5953 y(79)p eop |
| | 20472 | %%Page: 80 86 |
| | 20473 | 80 85 bop 0 -18 a Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUXJET\(ECM,NJET,CUT\))j(:)47 |
| | 20474 | b Fw(to)29 b(determine)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)g(jets)h(\(2,)g(3)e |
| | 20475 | (or)h(4\))g(to)g(b)s(e)472 90 y(generated)23 b(within)e(the)h |
| | 20476 | (kinematically)d(allo)m(w)m(ed)j(region)f(\(c)m(haracterized)h(b)m(y)j |
| | 20477 | Fq(CUT)d Fw(=)28 b Fj(y)3640 105 y Fl(cut)3742 90 y Fw(\))472 |
| | 20478 | 198 y(in)39 b(the)h(matrix-elemen)m(t)e(approac)m(h;)43 |
| | 20479 | b(to)d(b)s(e)g(c)m(hosen)h(suc)m(h)g(that)e(all)f(probabilities)e(are) |
| | 20480 | 472 307 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(0)d(and)h(1.)0 415 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 |
| | 20481 | b(LUX3JT\(NJET,CUT,KFL,ECM,X)q(1,X2)q(\))j(:)48 b Fw(to)35 |
| | 20482 | b(generate)g(the)h(in)m(ternal)e(momen)m(tum)472 523 |
| | 20483 | y(v)-5 b(ariables)29 b(of)h(a)f(3-jet)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)i(q)p |
| | 20484 | 1617 470 52 4 v(q)q(g)q(,)f(according)e(to)h(\014rst-)g(or)f |
| | 20485 | (second-order)i(QCD)f(matrix)472 632 y(elemen)m(ts.)0 |
| | 20486 | 740 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUX4JT\(NJET,CUT,KFL,ECM,K)q(FLN,)q(X1,X)q |
| | 20487 | (2,X)q(4,X1)q(2,X1)q(4\))j(:)48 b Fw(to)64 b(generate)g(the)472 |
| | 20488 | 848 y(in)m(ternal)40 b(momen)m(tum)g(v)-5 b(ariables)40 |
| | 20489 | b(for)h(a)g(4-jet)f(ev)m(en)m(t,)45 b(q)p 2602 795 V(q)q(gg)d(or)f(q)p |
| | 20490 | 2973 795 V(q)q(q)3076 812 y Fk(0)p 3100 795 V 3100 848 |
| | 20491 | a Fw(q)3152 812 y Fk(0)3175 848 y Fw(,)i(according)e(to)472 |
| | 20492 | 957 y(second-order)34 b(QCD)e(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts.)0 |
| | 20493 | 1065 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUXDIF\(NC,NJET,KFL,ECM,CH)q(I,TH)q(E,PH)q |
| | 20494 | (I\))k(:)47 b Fw(to)35 b(describ)s(e)h(the)g(angular)e(orien-)472 |
| | 20495 | 1173 y(tation)29 b(of)g(the)h(jets.)43 b(In)30 b(\014rst-order)g(QCD)f |
| | 20496 | (the)h(complete)f(QED)g(or)h(QFD)e(form)m(ulae)g(are)472 |
| | 20497 | 1282 y(used;)46 b(in)39 b(second)j(order)e(3-jets)g(are)g(assumed)h(to) |
| | 20498 | f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)e(same)g(orien)m(tation)f(as)h(in)472 |
| | 20499 | 1390 y(\014rst,)34 b(and)e(4-jets)h(are)f(appro)m(ximated)g(b)m(y)i |
| | 20500 | (3-jets.)0 1638 y Fo(6.3.2)112 b(A)37 b(routine)g(for)g(onium)g(deca)m |
| | 20501 | (y)0 1810 y Fw(In)31 b Fq(LUONIA)h Fw(w)m(e)g(ha)m(v)m(e)f(implemen)m |
| | 20502 | (ted)f(the)h(deca)m(ys)h(of)e(hea)m(vy)i(onia)d(resonances)k(in)m(to)d |
| | 20503 | (three)h(gluons)f(or)0 1919 y(t)m(w)m(o)j(gluons)f(plus)h(a)f(photon,)h |
| | 20504 | (whic)m(h)g(are)f(the)h(dominan)m(t)f(non-bac)m(kground-lik)m(e)g(deca) |
| | 20505 | m(ys)i(of)e(\007.)p 0 2063 1184 9 v 0 2288 9 225 v 79 |
| | 20506 | 2203 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUONIA\(KFL,ECM\))p 1175 2288 V 0 |
| | 20507 | 2296 1184 9 v 0 2435 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)27 b(sim)m(ulate)e(the)j |
| | 20508 | (pro)s(cess)g(e)1516 2399 y Fl(+)1576 2435 y Fw(e)1619 |
| | 20509 | 2399 y Fk(\000)1706 2435 y Fn(!)f Fj(\015)1889 2399 y |
| | 20510 | Fk(\003)1956 2435 y Fn(!)g Fw(1)2132 2399 y Fk(\000\000)2273 |
| | 20511 | 2435 y Fw(onium)f(resonance)i Fn(!)g Fw(\(ggg)g(or)e(gg)q |
| | 20512 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(\))28 b Fn(!)472 2543 y Fw(sho)m(w)m(er)35 |
| | 20513 | b Fn(!)d Fw(hadrons.)0 2652 y Fq(KFL)52 b(:)216 b Fw(the)33 |
| | 20514 | b(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(of)e(the)h(quark)g(giving)e(rise)i(to)f(the)h |
| | 20515 | (resonance.)236 2760 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(generate)33 |
| | 20516 | b(ggg)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(alone.)236 2868 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(-)h(8)f(:)d |
| | 20517 | Fw(generate)i(ggg)g(and)g(gg)q Fj(\015)k Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)e(in)d |
| | 20518 | (mixture)g(determined)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(squared)709 2977 |
| | 20519 | y(c)m(harge)33 b(of)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)h Fq(KFL)p Fw(.)h(Normally)d |
| | 20520 | Fq(KFL=)j Fw(5)e(or)g(6.)0 3085 y Fq(ECM)52 b(:)216 b |
| | 20521 | Fw(total)31 b(c.m.)44 b(energy)33 b(of)f(system.)0 3333 |
| | 20522 | y Fo(6.3.3)112 b(Common)37 b(blo)s(c)m(k)g(v)-6 b(ariables)0 |
| | 20523 | 3505 y Fw(The)41 b(status)h(co)s(des)f(and)g(parameters)f(relev)-5 |
| | 20524 | b(an)m(t)41 b(for)f(the)h(e)2239 3469 y Fl(+)2298 3505 |
| | 20525 | y Fw(e)2341 3469 y Fk(\000)2441 3505 y Fw(routines)g(are)f(found)h(in)f |
| | 20526 | (the)h(com-)0 3614 y(mon)k(blo)s(c)m(k)h Fq(LUDAT1)p |
| | 20527 | Fw(.)86 b(This)46 b(common)f(blo)s(c)m(k)h(also)f(con)m(tains)i(more)e |
| | 20528 | (general)h(status)g(co)s(des)h(and)0 3722 y(parameters,)33 |
| | 20529 | b(describ)s(ed)g(elsewhere.)p 0 3866 2876 9 v 0 4091 |
| | 20530 | 9 225 v 79 4006 a Fq(COMMON/LUDAT1/MSTU\(200\),)q(PARU)q(\(200)q(\),MS) |
| | 20531 | q(TJ\()q(200\))q(,PAR)q(J\(20)q(0\))p 2867 4091 V 0 4099 |
| | 20532 | 2876 9 v 0 4231 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)f(giv)m(e)h(access)i(to)d |
| | 20533 | (a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(status)i(co)s(des)f(and)g(parameters)g |
| | 20534 | (regulating)e(the)472 4339 y(p)s(erformance)33 b(of)f(the)h(e)1353 |
| | 20535 | 4303 y Fl(+)1412 4339 y Fw(e)1455 4303 y Fk(\000)1547 |
| | 20536 | 4339 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generation)e(routines.)0 4448 |
| | 20537 | y Fq(MSTJ\(101\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=5\))29 b(giv)m(es)i(the)g(t)m(yp)s |
| | 20538 | (e)g(of)e(QCD)h(corrections)h(used)g(for)f(con)m(tin)m(uum)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 20539 | (ts.)236 4556 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(only)32 b(q)p |
| | 20540 | 974 4503 52 4 v(q)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(are)e(generated.)236 |
| | 20541 | 4664 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(q)p 760 4612 V(q)23 b(+)f(q)p |
| | 20542 | 983 4612 V(q)q(g)33 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(are)e(generated)g(according)f(to)g |
| | 20543 | (\014rst-order)h(QCD.)236 4773 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 20544 | b Fw(q)p 760 4720 V(q)20 b(+)f(q)p 977 4720 V(qg)g(+)g(q)p |
| | 20545 | 1242 4720 V(q)q(gg)g(+)g(q)p 1557 4720 V(q)q(q)1660 4737 |
| | 20546 | y Fk(0)p 1683 4720 V 1683 4773 a Fw(q)1735 4737 y Fk(0)1789 |
| | 20547 | 4773 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)33 b(are)e(generated)h(according)f(to)f |
| | 20548 | (second-order)709 4881 y(QCD.)236 4989 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 |
| | 20549 | b Fw(q)p 760 4937 V(q)18 b(+)g(q)p 974 4937 V(q)q(g)f(+)h(q)p |
| | 20550 | 1237 4937 V(q)q(gg)f(+)h(q)p 1549 4937 V(q)q(q)1652 4953 |
| | 20551 | y Fk(0)p 1676 4937 V 1676 4989 a Fw(q)1727 4953 y Fk(0)1781 |
| | 20552 | 4989 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)33 b(are)d(generated,)i(but)f(without)e |
| | 20553 | (second-order)709 5098 y(corrections)j(to)h(the)g(3-jet)f(rate.)236 |
| | 20554 | 5206 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(a)51 b(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(er)i(is)e |
| | 20555 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(dev)m(elop)i(from)d(an)h(original)e(q)p |
| | 20556 | 3300 5153 V(q)j(pair,)j(see)709 5315 y Fq(MSTJ\(40\))e(-)f(MSTJ\(50\)) |
| | 20557 | 34 b Fw(for)e(details.)236 5423 y Fq(=)52 b(-1)g(:)165 |
| | 20558 | b Fw(only)38 b(q)p 980 5370 V(q)q(g)i(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(are)e(generated)g |
| | 20559 | (\(within)f(same)h(matrix-elemen)m(t)d(cuts)k(as)f(for)709 |
| | 20560 | 5531 y Fq(=1)p Fw(\).)j(Since)30 b(the)f(c)m(hange)h(in)e(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 20561 | (our)i(comp)s(osition)d(from)h(mass)h(cuts)h(or)f(radiativ)m(e)1841 |
| | 20562 | 5953 y(80)p eop |
| | 20563 | %%Page: 81 87 |
| | 20564 | 81 86 bop 709 -18 a Fw(corrections)48 b(is)g(not)f(tak)m(en)j(in)m(to)d |
| | 20565 | (accoun)m(t,)53 b(this)48 b(option)f(is)g(not)h(in)m(tended)h(for)709 |
| | 20566 | 90 y(quan)m(titativ)m(e)32 b(studies.)236 198 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 20567 | b(-2)g(:)165 b Fw(only)27 b(q)p 969 145 52 4 v(q)q(gg)h(and)g(q)p |
| | 20568 | 1383 145 V(q)q(q)1486 162 y Fk(0)p 1510 145 V 1510 198 |
| | 20569 | a Fw(q)1561 162 y Fk(0)1612 198 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(are)d(generated)i |
| | 20570 | (\(as)f(for)f Fq(=2)p Fw(\).)42 b(The)28 b(same)g(w)m(arning)709 |
| | 20571 | 307 y(as)k(for)g Fq(=-1)i Fw(applies.)236 415 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 20572 | b(-3)g(:)165 b Fw(only)29 b(q)p 971 362 V(q)q(gg)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(are)e |
| | 20573 | (generated)g(\(as)g(for)f Fq(=2)p Fw(\).)43 b(The)30 |
| | 20574 | b(same)g(w)m(arning)f(as)h(for)f Fq(=-1)709 523 y Fw(applies.)236 |
| | 20575 | 632 y Fq(=)52 b(-4)g(:)165 b Fw(only)39 b(q)p 981 579 |
| | 20576 | V(q)q(q)1084 595 y Fk(0)p 1108 579 V 1108 632 a Fw(q)1159 |
| | 20577 | 595 y Fk(0)1222 632 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(are)d(generated)i(\(as)f(for)f |
| | 20578 | Fq(=2)p Fw(\).)65 b(The)40 b(same)g(w)m(arning)f(as)h(for)709 |
| | 20579 | 740 y Fq(=-1)33 b Fw(applies.)236 848 y Fo(Note)k(1:)110 |
| | 20580 | b Fq(MSTJ\(101\))35 b Fw(is)d(also)f(used)j(in)e Fq(LUONIA)p |
| | 20581 | Fw(,)i(with)236 957 y Fn(\024)52 b Fq(4)g(:)190 b Fw(ggg)5 |
| | 20582 | b(+)g Fj(\015)g Fw(gg)23 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(are)d(generated)h(according)e |
| | 20583 | (to)h(lo)m(w)m(est-order)h(matrix)d(elemen)m(ts.)236 |
| | 20584 | 1065 y Fn(\025)52 b Fq(5)g(:)190 b Fw(a)34 b(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(er)i |
| | 20585 | (is)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)h(dev)m(elop)h(from)e(the)i(original)c(ggg)k |
| | 20586 | (or)f(gg)q Fj(\015)39 b Fw(con-)709 1173 y(\014guration,)31 |
| | 20587 | b(see)j Fq(MSTJ\(40\))53 b(-)f(MSTJ\(50\))34 b Fw(for)e(details.)236 |
| | 20588 | 1282 y Fo(Note)37 b(2:)110 b Fw(The)25 b(default)e(v)-5 |
| | 20589 | b(alues)24 b(of)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(parameters)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een) |
| | 20590 | g(c)m(hosen)h(to)e(w)m(ork)709 1390 y(w)m(ell)32 b(with)g(the)h |
| | 20591 | (default)f(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)i(approac)m(h)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)45 |
| | 20592 | b(If)32 b(an)m(y)i(of)e(the)h(other)709 1498 y(options)e(are)i(used,)h |
| | 20593 | (or)e(if)f(the)i(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er)i(is)e(used)i(in)d(non-default)h |
| | 20594 | (mo)s(de,)f(it)709 1607 y(ma)m(y)21 b(b)s(e)h(necessary)i(to)e(retune)g |
| | 20595 | (fragmen)m(tation)e(parameters.)40 b(As)22 b(an)g(example,)h(w)m(e)709 |
| | 20596 | 1715 y(note)39 b(that)h(the)g(second-order)g(matrix-elemen)m(t)e |
| | 20597 | (approac)m(h)i(\()p Fq(MSTJ\(101\)=2)p Fw(\))i(at)709 |
| | 20598 | 1823 y(PETRA/PEP)24 b(energies)f(giv)m(es)g(a)g(b)s(etter)g |
| | 20599 | (description)f(when)i(the)f Fj(a)f Fw(and)h Fj(b)g Fw(param-)709 |
| | 20600 | 1932 y(eters)k(of)f(the)h(symmetric)e(fragmen)m(tation)g(function)h |
| | 20601 | (are)g(set)h(to)f Fj(a)i Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(41\)=1)p Fw(,)709 |
| | 20602 | 2040 y Fj(b)g Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(42\)=0.7)p Fw(,)36 b(and)c(the)h(width)g |
| | 20603 | (of)f(the)h(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum)c(distribu-)709 |
| | 20604 | 2148 y(tion)37 b(to)g Fj(\033)k Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(21\)=0.40)p |
| | 20605 | Fw(.)64 b(In)38 b(principle,)g(one)g(also)f(ough)m(t)h(to)g(c)m(hange)h |
| | 20606 | (the)709 2257 y(joining)26 b(parameter)h(to)h Fq |
| | 20607 | (PARJ\(33\)=PARJ\(35\)=1.1)34 b Fw(to)27 b(preserv)m(e)k(a)d(\015at)g |
| | 20608 | (rapidit)m(y)709 2365 y(plateau,)34 b(but)h(if)f(this)g(should)h(b)s(e) |
| | 20609 | g(forgotten,)f(it)g(do)s(es)h(not)g(mak)m(e)g(to)s(o)f(m)m(uc)m(h)h |
| | 20610 | (dif-)709 2473 y(ference.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(applications)f(at)h |
| | 20611 | (TRIST)-8 b(AN)33 b(or)e(LEP)-8 b(,)32 b(one)g(m)m(ust)g(exp)s(ect)h |
| | 20612 | (to)e(ha)m(v)m(e)709 2582 y(to)k(c)m(hange)h(the)f(matrix-elemen)m(t)e |
| | 20613 | (approac)m(h)j(parameters)f(ev)m(en)i(more,)e(to)g(mak)m(e)709 |
| | 20614 | 2690 y(up)e(for)f(additional)d(soft)k(gluon)e(e\013ects)j(not)f(co)m(v) |
| | 20615 | m(ered)h(in)e(this)g(approac)m(h.)0 2798 y Fq(MSTJ\(102\))54 |
| | 20616 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=2\))26 b(inclusion)g(of)g(w)m(eak)i(e\013ects)h(\(Z) |
| | 20617 | 2047 2762 y Fl(0)2113 2798 y Fw(exc)m(hange\))f(for)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)h |
| | 20618 | (pro)s(duction,)f(angu-)472 2907 y(lar)33 b(orien)m(tation,)g(cross)i |
| | 20619 | (sections)f(and)g(initial-state)c(photon)k(radiation)e(in)h(con)m(tin)m |
| | 20620 | (uum)472 3015 y(ev)m(en)m(ts.)236 3123 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 20621 | b Fw(QED,)32 b(i.e.)43 b(no)33 b(w)m(eak)g(e\013ects)h(are)f(included.) |
| | 20622 | 236 3232 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(QFD,)31 b(i.e.)43 |
| | 20623 | b(including)31 b(w)m(eak)j(e\013ects.)236 3340 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 20624 | b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(as)43 b Fq(=2)p Fw(,)k(but)d(at)g(initialization)38 |
| | 20625 | b(in)43 b Fq(LUXTOT)i Fw(the)f(Z)2631 3304 y Fl(0)2713 |
| | 20626 | 3340 y Fw(width)g(is)f(calculated)g(from)709 3448 y(sin)828 |
| | 20627 | 3409 y Fl(2)868 3448 y Fj(\022)913 3463 y Fh(W)994 3448 |
| | 20628 | y Fw(,)30 b Fj(\013)1113 3463 y Fl(em)1236 3448 y Fw(and)f(Z)1482 |
| | 20629 | 3412 y Fl(0)1550 3448 y Fw(and)g(quark)h(masses)g(\(including)d(b)s |
| | 20630 | (ottom)h(and)h(top)g(thresh-)709 3557 y(old)g(factors)h(for)g |
| | 20631 | Fq(MSTJ\(103\))j Fw(o)s(dd\),)e(assuming)e(three)i(full)e(generations,) |
| | 20632 | i(and)f(the)709 3665 y(result)i(is)g(stored)h(in)f Fq(PARJ\(124\))p |
| | 20633 | Fw(.)0 3774 y Fq(MSTJ\(103\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=7\))33 |
| | 20634 | b(mass)h(e\013ects)h(in)e(con)m(tin)m(uum)g(matrix)g(elemen)m(ts,)h(in) |
| | 20635 | f(the)i(form)d Fq(MSTJ\(103\))472 3882 y Fw(=)c Fj(M)670 |
| | 20636 | 3897 y Fl(1)722 3882 y Fw(+)12 b(2)p Fj(M)953 3897 y |
| | 20637 | Fl(2)1006 3882 y Fw(+)g(4)p Fj(M)1237 3897 y Fl(3)1277 |
| | 20638 | 3882 y Fw(,)28 b(where)i Fj(M)1704 3897 y Fh(i)1760 3882 |
| | 20639 | y Fw(=)d(0)h(if)f(no)g(mass)h(e\013ects)h(and)f Fj(M)2960 |
| | 20640 | 3897 y Fh(i)3017 3882 y Fw(=)f(1)h(if)e(mass)i(e\013ects)472 |
| | 20641 | 3990 y(should)33 b(b)s(e)g(included.)43 b(Here;)236 4099 |
| | 20642 | y Fj(M)330 4114 y Fl(1)421 4099 y Fq(:)237 b Fw(threshold)32 |
| | 20643 | b(factor)g(for)g(new)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(pro)s(duction)f(according)g |
| | 20644 | (to)h(QFD)e(result;)236 4207 y Fj(M)330 4222 y Fl(2)421 |
| | 20645 | 4207 y Fq(:)237 b Fw(gluon)32 b(emission)h(probabilit)m(y)e(\(only)i |
| | 20646 | (applies)g(for)g Fq(|MSTJ\(101\)|)p Fn(\024)g Fw(1,)h(otherwise)709 |
| | 20647 | 4315 y(no)e(mass)h(e\013ects)h(an)m(yho)m(w\);)236 4424 |
| | 20648 | y Fj(M)330 4439 y Fl(3)421 4424 y Fq(:)237 b Fw(angular)54 |
| | 20649 | b(orien)m(tation)f(of)i(ev)m(en)m(t)i(\(only)e(applies)f(for)h |
| | 20650 | Fq(|MSTJ\(101\)|)p Fn(\024)69 b Fw(1)55 b(and)709 4532 |
| | 20651 | y Fq(MSTJ\(102\)=1)p Fw(,)35 b(otherwise)e(no)g(mass)f(e\013ects)i(an)m |
| | 20652 | (yho)m(w\).)0 4640 y Fq(MSTJ\(104\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=5\))33 |
| | 20653 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)j(i.e.)47 |
| | 20654 | b(\015a)m(v)m(ours)36 b(that)d(can)i(b)s(e)f(pro)s(duced)h(in)e(a)472 |
| | 20655 | 4749 y(con)m(tin)m(uum)d(ev)m(en)m(t)i(if)d(the)h(energy)h(is)f |
| | 20656 | (enough.)43 b(A)30 b(c)m(hange)h(to)e(6)h(mak)m(es)g(top)g(pro)s |
| | 20657 | (duction)472 4857 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(the)f(threshold,)g |
| | 20658 | (etc.)44 b(Note)33 b(that)e(in)h(q)p 2523 4804 V(q)q(q)2626 |
| | 20659 | 4821 y Fk(0)p 2649 4804 V 2649 4857 a Fw(q)2701 4821 |
| | 20660 | y Fk(0)2756 4857 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(only)c(the)i(\014rst)f(\014v)m(e) |
| | 20661 | 472 4965 y(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i(are)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(in)g(the)h |
| | 20662 | (secondary)h(pair,)d(pro)s(duced)j(b)m(y)f(a)f(gluon)g(breakup.)0 |
| | 20663 | 5074 y Fq(MSTJ\(105\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1\))32 b(fragmen)m(tation)e |
| | 20664 | (and)j(deca)m(y)h(in)e Fq(LUEEVT)i Fw(and)f Fq(LUONIA)h |
| | 20665 | Fw(calls.)236 5182 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)41 b |
| | 20666 | Fq(LUEXEC)i Fw(calls,)g(i.e.)70 b(only)42 b(matrix-elemen)m(t)d(and/or) |
| | 20667 | i(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)i(treat-)709 5290 y(men)m(t.)236 |
| | 20668 | 5399 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b(LUEXEC)34 b Fw(calls)d(are)i(made)f(to)g |
| | 20669 | (generate)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(and)i(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hain.)236 |
| | 20670 | 5507 y Fq(=)52 b(-1)g(:)165 b Fw(no)45 b Fq(LUEXEC)i |
| | 20671 | Fw(calls)e(and)g(no)h(collapse)f(of)g(small)e(jet)j(systems)h(in)m(to)e |
| | 20672 | (one)h(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)709 5615 y(particles)31 b(\(in)h |
| | 20673 | Fq(LUPREP)p Fw(\).)1841 5953 y(81)p eop |
| | 20674 | %%Page: 82 88 |
| | 20675 | 82 87 bop 0 -18 a Fq(MSTJ\(106\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1\))32 |
| | 20676 | b(angular)f(orien)m(tation)g(in)h Fq(LUEEVT)i Fw(and)e |
| | 20677 | Fq(LUONIA)p Fw(.)236 90 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(standard)33 |
| | 20678 | b(orien)m(tation)e(of)i(ev)m(en)m(ts,)i(i.e.)44 b(q)34 |
| | 20679 | b(along)d(+)p Fj(z)38 b Fw(axis)33 b(and)p 3109 37 52 |
| | 20680 | 4 v 33 w(q)g(along)f Fn(\000)p Fj(z)38 b Fw(axis)709 |
| | 20681 | 198 y(or)32 b(in)g Fj(xz)38 b Fw(plane)33 b(with)f Fj(p)1612 |
| | 20682 | 213 y Fh(x)1685 198 y Fj(>)c Fw(0)k(for)h(con)m(tin)m(uum)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 20683 | (ts,)k(and)d(g)3065 213 y Fl(1)3104 198 y Fw(g)3153 213 |
| | 20684 | y Fl(2)3192 198 y Fw(g)3241 213 y Fl(3)3313 198 y Fw(or)g |
| | 20685 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(g)3538 213 y Fl(2)3577 198 y Fw(g)3626 |
| | 20686 | 213 y Fl(3)3698 198 y Fw(in)709 307 y Fj(xz)37 b Fw(plane)32 |
| | 20687 | b(with)h(g)1378 322 y Fl(1)1449 307 y Fw(or)g Fj(\015)k |
| | 20688 | Fw(along)31 b(the)i(+)p Fj(z)k Fw(axis)c(for)f(onium)f(ev)m(en)m(ts.) |
| | 20689 | 236 415 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(random)31 b(orien)m(tation)g |
| | 20690 | (according)h(to)g(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts.)0 523 y Fq(MSTJ\(107\))54 |
| | 20691 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0\))32 b(radiativ)m(e)f(corrections)i(to)f(con)m(tin)m |
| | 20692 | (uum)g(ev)m(en)m(ts.)236 632 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b |
| | 20693 | Fw(no)32 b(radiativ)m(e)g(corrections.)236 740 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 20694 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(initial-state)27 b(radiativ)m(e)i(corrections)i |
| | 20695 | (\(including)e(w)m(eak)j(e\013ects)h(for)d Fq(MSTJ\(102\)=)709 |
| | 20696 | 848 y Fw(2)i(or)g(3\).)0 957 y Fq(MSTJ\(108\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 20697 | b Fw(\(D=2\))39 b(calculation)f(of)i Fj(\013)1608 972 |
| | 20698 | y Fl(s)1681 957 y Fw(for)f(matrix-elemen)m(t)f(alternativ)m(es.)67 |
| | 20699 | b(The)41 b Fq(MSTU\(111\))472 1065 y Fw(and)27 b Fq(PARU\(112\))i |
| | 20700 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues)26 b(are)h(automatically)c(o)m(v)m(erwritten)28 |
| | 20701 | b(in)d Fq(LUEEVT)j Fw(or)f Fq(LUONIA)h Fw(calls)472 1173 |
| | 20702 | y(accordingly)-8 b(.)236 1282 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b |
| | 20703 | Fw(\014xed)33 b Fj(\013)1006 1297 y Fl(s)1071 1282 y |
| | 20704 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(as)h(giv)m(en)f(in)g Fq(PARU\(111\))p |
| | 20705 | Fw(.)236 1390 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(\014rst-order)32 |
| | 20706 | b(form)m(ula)f(is)h(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(used,)h(with)e(\003)2472 |
| | 20707 | 1405 y Fl(QCD)2669 1390 y Fw(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)j Fq(PARJ\(121\))p |
| | 20708 | Fw(.)236 1498 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(\014rst-)30 |
| | 20709 | b(or)g(second-order)i(form)m(ula)d(is)h(used,)i(dep)s(ending)f(on)f(v) |
| | 20710 | -5 b(alue)30 b(of)37 b Fq(MSTJ\(101\))p Fw(,)709 1607 |
| | 20711 | y(with)32 b(\003)999 1622 y Fl(QCD)1195 1607 y Fw(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)i |
| | 20712 | Fq(PARJ\(121\))f Fw(or)f Fq(PARJ\(122\))p Fw(.)0 1715 |
| | 20713 | y Fq(MSTJ\(109\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0\))c(giv)m(es)h(a)g(p)s(ossibilit) |
| | 20714 | m(y)e(to)h(switc)m(h)i(from)e(QCD)g(matrix)g(elemen)m(ts)h(to)g(some) |
| | 20715 | 472 1823 y(alternativ)m(e)f(to)m(y)i(mo)s(dels.)76 b(Is)44 |
| | 20716 | b(not)g(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)44 b(for)f(sho)m(w)m(er)j(ev)m(olution,)g |
| | 20717 | Fq(MSTJ\(101\)=5)p Fw(,)472 1932 y(where)34 b(one)f(can)g(use)g |
| | 20718 | Fq(MSTJ\(49\))i Fw(instead.)236 2040 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 20719 | b Fw(standard)33 b(QCD)f(scenario.)236 2148 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 20720 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(a)34 b(scalar)f(gluon)h(mo)s(del.)47 |
| | 20721 | b(Since)34 b(no)g(second-order)i(corrections)e(are)g(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 20722 | b(ailable)32 b(in)709 2257 y(this)26 b(scenario,)h(one)g(can)g(only)e |
| | 20723 | (use)j(this)e(with)g Fq(MSTJ\(101\))53 b(=)f(1)27 b Fw(or)f |
| | 20724 | Fq(-1)p Fw(.)41 b(Also)26 b(note)709 2365 y(that)46 b(the)h(ev)m(en)m |
| | 20725 | (t-as-a-whole)f(angular)f(distribution)g(is)h(for)f(photon)i(exc)m |
| | 20726 | (hange)709 2473 y(only)37 b(\(i.e.)60 b(no)38 b(w)m(eak)h(e\013ects\),) |
| | 20727 | i(and)d(that)g(no)g(higher-order)f(corrections)h(to)g(the)709 |
| | 20728 | 2582 y(total)31 b(cross)i(section)g(are)g(included.)236 |
| | 20729 | 2690 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(an)36 b(Ab)s(elian)f(v)m(ector)j(gluon) |
| | 20730 | d(theory)-8 b(,)38 b(with)e(the)h(colour)f(factors)g |
| | 20731 | Fj(C)3197 2705 y Fh(F)3290 2690 y Fw(=)e(1)i(\(=)e(4)p |
| | 20732 | Fj(=)p Fw(3)709 2798 y(in)45 b(QCD\),)g Fj(N)1245 2813 |
| | 20733 | y Fh(C)1354 2798 y Fw(=)50 b(0)c(\(=)k(3)45 b(in)g(QCD\))g(and)h |
| | 20734 | Fj(T)2524 2813 y Fh(R)2632 2798 y Fw(=)k(3)p Fj(n)2865 |
| | 20735 | 2813 y Fh(f)2956 2798 y Fw(\(=)g Fj(n)3178 2813 y Fh(f)3224 |
| | 20736 | 2798 y Fj(=)p Fw(2)45 b(in)g(QCD\).)709 2907 y(If)h(one)i(selects)g |
| | 20737 | Fj(\013)1395 2922 y Fl(Ab)r(elian)1690 2907 y Fw(=)k(\(4)p |
| | 20738 | Fj(=)p Fw(3\))p Fj(\013)2103 2922 y Fl(QCD)2266 2907 |
| | 20739 | y Fw(,)e(the)e(3-jet)e(cross)i(section)f(will)d(agree)709 |
| | 20740 | 3015 y(with)37 b(the)g(QCD)g(one,)i(and)e(di\013erences)i(are)e(to)g(b) |
| | 20741 | s(e)h(found)f(only)g(in)f(4-jets.)58 b(The)709 3123 y |
| | 20742 | Fq(MSTJ\(109\)=2)31 b Fw(option)d(has)h(to)g(b)s(e)g(run)g(with)g |
| | 20743 | Fq(MSTJ\(110\)=1)j Fw(and)d Fq(MSTJ\(111\)=0)p Fw(;)709 |
| | 20744 | 3232 y(if)i(need)j(b)s(e,)f(the)g(latter)e(v)-5 b(ariables)31 |
| | 20745 | b(will)g(b)s(e)h(o)m(v)m(erwritten)i(b)m(y)f(the)g(program.)709 |
| | 20746 | 3340 y Fo(W)-9 b(arning:)40 b Fw(second-order)30 b(corrections)e(giv)m |
| | 20747 | (e)g(a)g(large)f(negativ)m(e)i(con)m(tribution)e(to)709 |
| | 20748 | 3448 y(the)g(3-jet)g(cross)h(section,)h(so)e(large)f(that)h(the)h |
| | 20749 | (whole)f(scenario)g(is)g(of)g(doubtful)f(use.)709 3557 |
| | 20750 | y(In)42 b(order)h(to)f(mak)m(e)h(the)f(second-order)i(options)e(w)m |
| | 20751 | (ork)h(at)f(all,)h(the)g(3-jet)f(cross)709 3665 y(section)34 |
| | 20752 | b(is)h(here)g(b)m(y)h(hand)e(set)i(exactly)f(equal)f(to)h(zero)g(for)f |
| | 20753 | Fq(MSTJ\(101\)=2)p Fw(.)52 b(It)35 b(is)709 3774 y(here)28 |
| | 20754 | b(probably)e(b)s(etter)i(to)f(use)h(the)g(option)e Fq(MSTJ\(101\)=3)p |
| | 20755 | Fw(,)31 b(although)26 b(this)h(is)g(not)709 3882 y(a)32 |
| | 20756 | b(consisten)m(t)i(pro)s(cedure)f(either.)0 3990 y Fq(MSTJ\(110\))54 |
| | 20757 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=2\))32 b(c)m(hoice)h(of)f(second-order)h(con)m |
| | 20758 | (tributions)f(to)h(the)g(3-jet)e(rate.)236 4099 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 20759 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)33 b(GKS)f(second-order)h(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts,)i |
| | 20760 | (i.e.)43 b(the)33 b(old)f Fm(Jetset)f Fw(standard.)236 |
| | 20761 | 4207 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(the)32 b(Zh)m(u)g(parametrization)d(of) |
| | 20762 | i(the)i(ER)-8 b(T)32 b(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts,)i(based)h(on)f(the)g(pro-) |
| | 20763 | 709 4315 y(gram)21 b(of)h(Kunszt)h(and)g(Ali,)f(i.e.)40 |
| | 20764 | b(in)22 b(historical)e(sequence)25 b(ER)-8 b(T/Kunszt/Ali/Zh)m(u.)709 |
| | 20765 | 4424 y(The)35 b(parametrization)e(is)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)32 |
| | 20766 | b(for)i Fj(y)h Fw(=)g(0.01,)f(0.02,)h(0.03,)g(0.04)f(and)h(0.05.)709 |
| | 20767 | 4532 y(V)-8 b(alues)35 b(outside)h(this)g(range)g(are)g(put)g(at)g(the) |
| | 20768 | g(nearest)h(b)s(order,)g(while)e(those)i(in-)709 4640 |
| | 20769 | y(side)27 b(it)g(are)g(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)g(a)g(linear)e(in)m(terp)s |
| | 20770 | (olation)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)30 b(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)g(nearest)h(p)s(oin)m |
| | 20771 | (ts.)709 4749 y(Since)38 b(this)g(pro)s(cedure)g(is)g(rather)g |
| | 20772 | (primitiv)m(e,)f(one)i(should)f(try)g(to)g(w)m(ork)h(at)e(one)709 |
| | 20773 | 4857 y(of)f(the)i(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(giv)m(en)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)58 |
| | 20774 | b(Note)37 b(that)g(no)g(Ab)s(elian)f(QCD)h(parametrization)709 |
| | 20775 | 4965 y(is)32 b(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b(for)i(this)g(option.)0 |
| | 20776 | 5074 y Fq(MSTJ\(111\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0\))40 b(use)h(of)f(optimized) |
| | 20777 | f(p)s(erturbation)h(theory)h(for)f(second-order)h(matrix)e(ele-)472 |
| | 20778 | 5182 y(men)m(ts)44 b(\(it)e(can)h(also)g(b)s(e)g(used)h(for)f |
| | 20779 | (\014rst-order)g(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts,)k(but)d(here)h(it)e(only)472 |
| | 20780 | 5290 y(corresp)s(onds)34 b(to)f(a)f(trivial)e(rescaling)h(of)h(the)h |
| | 20781 | Fj(\013)2240 5305 y Fl(s)2305 5290 y Fw(argumen)m(t\).)236 |
| | 20782 | 5399 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)32 b(optimization)d(pro)s(cedure;)34 |
| | 20783 | b(i.e.)43 b Fj(Q)2138 5363 y Fl(2)2205 5399 y Fw(=)28 |
| | 20784 | b Fj(E)2387 5363 y Fl(2)2381 5423 y(cm)2475 5399 y Fw(.)236 |
| | 20785 | 5507 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(an)31 b(optimized)e Fj(Q)1368 |
| | 20786 | 5471 y Fl(2)1439 5507 y Fw(scale)i(is)f(c)m(hosen)j(as)e |
| | 20787 | Fj(Q)2273 5471 y Fl(2)2341 5507 y Fw(=)c Fj(f)11 b(E)2581 |
| | 20788 | 5471 y Fl(2)2575 5532 y(cm)2670 5507 y Fw(,)31 b(where)h |
| | 20789 | Fj(f)39 b Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(128\))33 b Fw(for)709 5615 |
| | 20790 | y(the)d(total)e(cross)j(section)f Fj(R)h Fw(factor,)f(while)e |
| | 20791 | Fj(f)39 b Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(129\))32 b Fw(for)d(the)h(3-)f(and)h(4-jet) |
| | 20792 | 1841 5953 y(82)p eop |
| | 20793 | %%Page: 83 89 |
| | 20794 | 83 88 bop 709 -18 a Fw(rates.)58 b(This)38 b Fj(f)48 |
| | 20795 | b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(en)m(ters)j(via)e(the)h Fj(\013)2270 |
| | 20796 | -3 y Fl(s)2302 -18 y Fw(,)h(and)e(also)f(via)h(a)g(term)g(prop)s |
| | 20797 | (ortional)709 90 y(to)30 b Fj(\013)889 54 y Fl(2)888 |
| | 20798 | 114 y(s)945 90 y Fw(ln)16 b Fj(f)11 b Fw(.)43 b(Some)30 |
| | 20799 | b(constrain)m(ts)i(are)f(imp)s(osed;)f(th)m(us)i(the)g(optimized)d |
| | 20800 | (`3-jet')i(con-)709 198 y(tribution)f(to)h Fj(R)i Fw(is)e(assumed)i(to) |
| | 20801 | e(b)s(e)h(p)s(ositiv)m(e)f(\(for)g Fq(PARJ\(128\))p Fw(\),)k(the)d |
| | 20802 | (total)e(3-jet)709 307 y(rate)d(is)f(not)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)h(b)s(e)g |
| | 20803 | (negativ)m(e)g(\(for)g Fq(PARJ\(129\))p Fw(\),)j(etc.)43 |
| | 20804 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)30 b(there)e(is)709 415 y(no)i(guaran)m(tee)i(that) |
| | 20805 | e(the)h(di\013eren)m(tial)e(3-jet)h(cross)i(section)f(is)f(not)h |
| | 20806 | (negativ)m(e)f(\(and)709 523 y(truncated)g(to)f(0\))f(somewhere)j |
| | 20807 | (\(this)e(can)g(also)f(happ)s(en)i(with)f Fj(f)38 b Fw(=)28 |
| | 20808 | b(1,)i(but)f(is)g(then)709 632 y(less)37 b(frequen)m(t\).)56 |
| | 20809 | b(The)38 b(actually)d(obtained)h Fj(f)47 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues)37 |
| | 20810 | b(are)f(stored)h(in)f Fq(PARJ\(168\))709 740 y Fw(and)e |
| | 20811 | Fq(PARJ\(169\))p Fw(,)k(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)51 |
| | 20812 | b(If)34 b(an)h(optimized)d Fj(Q)2757 704 y Fl(2)2832 |
| | 20813 | 740 y Fw(scale)i(is)g(used,)j(then)e(the)709 848 y(\003)777 |
| | 20814 | 863 y Fl(QCD)982 848 y Fw(\(and)42 b Fj(\013)1281 863 |
| | 20815 | y Fl(s)1313 848 y Fw(\))g(should)f(also)g(b)s(e)h(c)m(hanged.)72 |
| | 20816 | b(With)41 b(the)i(v)-5 b(alue)41 b Fj(f)54 b Fw(=)43 |
| | 20817 | b(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(002,)g(it)709 957 y(has)g(b)s(een)g(sho)m(wn)h([Bet89]) |
| | 20818 | f(that)f(a)h(\003)2165 972 y Fl(QCD)2373 957 y Fw(=)i(0)p |
| | 20819 | Fj(:)p Fw(100)d(GeV)g(giv)m(es)h(a)g(reasonable)709 1065 |
| | 20820 | y(agreemen)m(t;)29 b(the)f(parameter)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(c)m(hanged)h(is)e |
| | 20821 | Fq(PARJ\(122\))j Fw(for)d(a)g(second-order)709 1173 y(running)33 |
| | 20822 | b Fj(\013)1135 1188 y Fl(s)1167 1173 y Fw(.)47 b(Note)34 |
| | 20823 | b(that,)f(since)i(the)f(optimized)e Fj(Q)2655 1137 y |
| | 20824 | Fl(2)2728 1173 y Fw(scale)i(is)f(sometimes)g(b)s(elo)m(w)709 |
| | 20825 | 1282 y(the)28 b(c)m(harm)f(threshold,)i(the)f(e\013ectiv)m(e)g(n)m(um)m |
| | 20826 | (b)s(er)g(of)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i(used)g(in)d Fj(\013)3348 |
| | 20827 | 1297 y Fl(s)3408 1282 y Fw(ma)m(y)h(w)m(ell)709 1390 |
| | 20828 | y(b)s(e)37 b(4)h(only)-8 b(.)58 b(If)37 b(one)h(feels)f(that)h(it)e(is) |
| | 20829 | h(still)f(appropriate)g(to)i(use)g(5)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i(\(one)709 |
| | 20830 | 1498 y(c)m(hoice)24 b(migh)m(t)e(b)s(e)i(as)g(go)s(o)s(d)e(as)i(the)g |
| | 20831 | (other\),)i(it)d(is)g(necessary)j(to)e(put)g Fq(MSTU\(113\)=5)p |
| | 20832 | Fw(.)0 1607 y Fq(MSTJ\(115\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1\))27 |
| | 20833 | b(do)s(cumen)m(tation)h(of)f(con)m(tin)m(uum)h(or)g(onium)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 20834 | (ts,)32 b(in)27 b(increasing)h(order)g(of)472 1715 y(completeness.)236 |
| | 20835 | 1823 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(only)53 b(the)h(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er,) |
| | 20836 | 61 b(the)54 b(fragmen)m(ting)e(partons)i(and)g(the)g(generated)709 |
| | 20837 | 1932 y(hadronic)32 b(system)h(are)g(stored)g(in)f(the)h |
| | 20838 | Fq(LUJETS)h Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k.)236 2040 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 20839 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(also)31 b(a)i(radiativ)m(e)e(photon)i(is)f(stored)h |
| | 20840 | (\(for)f(con)m(tin)m(uum)g(ev)m(en)m(ts\).)236 2148 y |
| | 20841 | Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(also)31 b(the)i(original)d(e)1468 |
| | 20842 | 2112 y Fl(+)1527 2148 y Fw(e)1570 2112 y Fk(\000)1662 |
| | 20843 | 2148 y Fw(are)i(stored)i(\(with)e Fq(K\(I,1\)=21)p Fw(\).)236 |
| | 20844 | 2257 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(also)29 b(the)i Fj(\015)36 |
| | 20845 | b Fw(or)30 b Fj(\015)1328 2221 y Fk(\003)1367 2257 y |
| | 20846 | Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1476 2221 y Fl(0)1546 2257 y Fw(exc)m(hanged)i(for)e(con)m |
| | 20847 | (tin)m(uum)h(ev)m(en)m(ts,)i(the)e(onium)e(state)i(for)709 |
| | 20848 | 2365 y(resonance)j(ev)m(en)m(ts)g(is)f(stored)g(\(with)f |
| | 20849 | Fq(K\(I,1\)=21)p Fw(\).)0 2473 y Fq(MSTJ\(116\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 20850 | b Fw(\(D=1\))39 b(initialization)34 b(of)39 b(total)f(cross)i(section)g |
| | 20851 | (and)f(radiativ)m(e)g(photon)g(sp)s(ectrum)472 2582 y(in)32 |
| | 20852 | b Fq(LUEEVT)i Fw(calls.)236 2690 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 20853 | b Fw(nev)m(er;)34 b(cannot)f(b)s(e)f(used)i(together)f(with)f(radiativ) |
| | 20854 | m(e)g(corrections.)236 2798 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(calculated)34 |
| | 20855 | b(at)h(\014rst)h(call)d(and)i(then)h(whenev)m(er)i Fq(KFL)e |
| | 20856 | Fw(or)f Fq(MSTJ\(102\))j Fw(is)c(c)m(hanged)709 2907 |
| | 20857 | y(or)e Fq(ECM)h Fw(is)f(c)m(hanged)i(b)m(y)f(more)f(than)h |
| | 20858 | Fq(PARJ\(139\))p Fw(.)236 3015 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 20859 | b Fw(calculated)31 b(at)i(eac)m(h)g(call.)236 3123 y |
| | 20860 | Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(ev)m(erything)37 b(is)f(reinitialized)d(in)j |
| | 20861 | (the)g(next)i(call,)d(but)i Fq(MSTJ\(116\))i Fw(is)d(afterw)m(ards)709 |
| | 20862 | 3232 y(automatically)29 b(put)k Fq(=1)g Fw(for)f(use)h(in)f(subsequen)m |
| | 20863 | (t)k(calls.)0 3340 y Fq(MSTJ\(119\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(I\))33 |
| | 20864 | b(c)m(hec)m(k)i(on)d(need)i(to)e(reinitialize)d Fq(LUXTOT)p |
| | 20865 | Fw(.)0 3448 y Fq(MSTJ\(120\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))g(t)m(yp)s(e)i(of)e |
| | 20866 | (con)m(tin)m(uum)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(generated)e(with)f(the)h |
| | 20867 | (matrix-elemen)m(t)e(option)472 3557 y(\(with)33 b(the)g(sho)m(w)m(er)h |
| | 20868 | (one,)f(the)g(result)f(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)i Fq(=1)p Fw(\).)236 |
| | 20869 | 3665 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(q)p 760 3612 52 4 v(q)q(.)236 |
| | 20870 | 3774 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(q)p 760 3721 V(q)q(g)q(.)236 |
| | 20871 | 3882 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(q)p 760 3829 V(q)q(gg)33 |
| | 20872 | b(from)e(Ab)s(elian)g(\(QED-lik)m(e\))g(graphs)i(in)f(matrix)f(elemen)m |
| | 20873 | (t.)236 3990 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(q)p 760 3937 |
| | 20874 | V(q)q(gg)35 b(from)f(non-Ab)s(elian)f(\(i.e.)50 b(con)m(taining)34 |
| | 20875 | b(triple-gluon)e(coupling\))h(graphs)i(in)709 4099 y(matrix)c(elemen)m |
| | 20876 | (t.)236 4207 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(q)p 760 4154 |
| | 20877 | V(q)q(q)863 4171 y Fk(0)p 886 4154 V 886 4207 a Fw(q)938 |
| | 20878 | 4171 y Fk(0)961 4207 y Fw(.)0 4315 y Fq(MSTJ\(121\))54 |
| | 20879 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))37 b(\015ag)h(set)g(if)f(a)g(negativ)m(e)h |
| | 20880 | (di\013eren)m(tial)e(cross)j(section)f(w)m(as)g(encoun)m(tered)i(in)d |
| | 20881 | (the)472 4424 y(latest)d Fq(LUX3JT)i Fw(call.)47 b(Ev)m(en)m(ts)37 |
| | 20882 | b(are)e(still)d(generated,)j(but)g(ma)m(yb)s(e)f(not)h(quite)f |
| | 20883 | (according)472 4532 y(to)44 b(the)h(distribution)d(one)i(w)m(ould)g |
| | 20884 | (lik)m(e)g(\(the)g(rate)g(is)g(set)g(to)g(zero)h(in)e(the)h(regions)g |
| | 20885 | (of)472 4640 y(negativ)m(e)33 b(cross)f(section,)h(and)f(the)g |
| | 20886 | (di\013eren)m(tial)e(rate)i(in)f(the)h(regions)g(of)f(p)s(ositiv)m(e)h |
| | 20887 | (cross)472 4749 y(section)h(is)f(rescaled)h(to)g(giv)m(e)f(the)h |
| | 20888 | (`correct')g(total)e(3-jet)h(rate\).)0 4911 y Fq(PARJ\(121\))54 |
| | 20889 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.0)39 b(GeV\))g(\003)h(v)-5 b(alue)39 |
| | 20890 | b(used)i(in)d(\014rst-order)i(calculation)e(of)h Fj(\013)3095 |
| | 20891 | 4926 y Fl(s)3166 4911 y Fw(in)g(the)h(matrix-)472 5019 |
| | 20892 | y(elemen)m(t)33 b(alternativ)m(e.)0 5128 y Fq(PARJ\(122\))54 |
| | 20893 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.25)22 b(GeV\))h(\003)f(v)-5 b(alues)23 |
| | 20894 | b(used)h(in)e(second-order)i(calculation)d(of)h Fj(\013)3145 |
| | 20895 | 5143 y Fl(s)3200 5128 y Fw(in)g(the)h(matrix-)472 5236 |
| | 20896 | y(elemen)m(t)33 b(alternativ)m(e.)0 5344 y Fq(PARJ\(123\))54 |
| | 20897 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=91.187)31 b(GeV\))h(mass)h(of)f(Z)1777 |
| | 20898 | 5308 y Fl(0)1849 5344 y Fw(as)g(used)i(in)e(propagators)g(for)g(the)h |
| | 20899 | (QFD)f(case.)0 5453 y Fq(PARJ\(124\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=2.489)g(GeV\))g |
| | 20900 | (width)h(of)g(Z)1827 5417 y Fl(0)1914 5453 y Fw(as)g(used)h(in)e |
| | 20901 | (propagators)h(for)f(the)i(QFD)d(case.)472 5561 y(Ov)m(erwritten)34 |
| | 20902 | b(at)e(initialization)27 b(if)38 b Fq(MSTJ\(102\)=3)p |
| | 20903 | Fw(.)1841 5953 y(83)p eop |
| | 20904 | %%Page: 84 90 |
| | 20905 | 84 89 bop 0 -18 a Fq(PARJ\(125\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.01\))31 |
| | 20906 | b Fj(y)1091 -3 y Fl(cut)1192 -18 y Fw(,)h(minim)m(um)d(squared)k |
| | 20907 | (scaled)f(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31 b(mass)h(of)f(an)m(y)i(t)m(w)m(o)f |
| | 20908 | (partons)472 90 y(in)g(3-)f(or)h(4-jet)g(ev)m(en)m(ts;)i(the)f(main)e |
| | 20909 | (user-con)m(trolled)g(matrix-elemen)m(t)f(cut.)44 b Fq(PARJ\(126\))472 |
| | 20910 | 198 y Fw(pro)m(vides)54 b(an)f(additional)d(constrain)m(t.)104 |
| | 20911 | b(F)-8 b(or)52 b(eac)m(h)h(new)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)60 b(it)52 |
| | 20912 | b(is)g(additionally)472 307 y(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)43 b(that)c(the)h(total) |
| | 20913 | e(3-)h(plus)g(4-jet)g(fraction)f(do)s(es)i(not)f(exceed)j(unit)m(y;)h |
| | 20914 | (if)38 b(so)i(the)472 415 y(e\013ectiv)m(e)34 b Fj(y)h |
| | 20915 | Fw(cut)e(will)d(b)s(e)j(dynamically)d(increased.)44 b(The)33 |
| | 20916 | b(actual)f Fj(y)t Fw(-cut)f(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)g(stored)472 |
| | 20917 | 523 y(in)g Fq(PARJ\(150\))p Fw(,)j(ev)m(en)m(t)g(b)m(y)e(ev)m(en)m(t.)0 |
| | 20918 | 632 y Fq(PARJ\(126\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=2.)73 b(GeV\))42 |
| | 20919 | b(minim)m(um)e(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)41 b(mass)i(of)f(an)m(y)h(t)m(w)m |
| | 20920 | (o)g(partons)g(in)f(3-)g(or)g(4-jet)472 740 y(ev)m(en)m(ts;)f(a)35 |
| | 20921 | b(cut)i(in)e(addition)f(to)i(the)g(one)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)h(mainly)33 |
| | 20922 | b(for)j(the)g(case)h(of)f(a)g(radiativ)m(e)472 848 y(photon)d(lo)m(w)m |
| | 20923 | (ering)f(the)h(hadronic)f(c.m.)43 b(energy)34 b(signi\014can)m(tly)-8 |
| | 20924 | b(.)0 957 y Fq(PARJ\(127\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.)41 b(GeV\))29 |
| | 20925 | b(is)g(used)h(as)f(a)g(safet)m(y)h(margin)d(for)h(small)f |
| | 20926 | (colour-singlet)f(jet)j(systems,)472 1065 y(cf.)77 b |
| | 20927 | Fq(PARJ\(32\))p Fw(,)49 b(sp)s(eci\014cally)43 b(q)p |
| | 20928 | 1689 1012 52 4 v(q)1741 1029 y Fk(0)1808 1065 y Fw(masses)h(in)f(q)p |
| | 20929 | 2316 1012 V(q)q(q)2419 1029 y Fk(0)p 2443 1012 V 2443 |
| | 20930 | 1065 a Fw(q)2494 1029 y Fk(0)2561 1065 y Fw(4-jet)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(and) |
| | 20931 | e(gg)h(mass)e(in)472 1173 y(onium)32 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(gg)33 |
| | 20932 | b(ev)m(en)m(ts.)0 1282 y Fq(PARJ\(128\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.25\))d |
| | 20933 | (optimized)g Fj(Q)1596 1245 y Fl(2)1681 1282 y Fw(scale)h(for)g(the)g |
| | 20934 | (QCD)g Fj(R)i Fw(\(total)c(rate\))i(factor)g(for)g(the)472 |
| | 20935 | 1390 y Fq(MSTJ\(111\)=1)28 b Fw(option)23 b(is)h(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 20936 | Fj(Q)1897 1354 y Fl(2)1965 1390 y Fw(=)i Fj(f)11 b(E)2205 |
| | 20937 | 1354 y Fl(2)2199 1415 y(cm)2293 1390 y Fw(,)26 b(where)g |
| | 20938 | Fj(f)39 b Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(128\))p Fw(.)k(F)-8 b(or)23 |
| | 20939 | b(v)-5 b(arious)472 1498 y(reasons)27 b(the)f(actually)e(used)j |
| | 20940 | Fj(f)36 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(increased)h(compared)e |
| | 20941 | (with)g(the)h(nominal)472 1607 y(one;)k(while)e Fq(PARJ\(128\))i |
| | 20942 | Fw(giv)m(es)e(the)h(nominal)c(v)-5 b(alue,)29 b Fq(PARJ\(168\))h |
| | 20943 | Fw(giv)m(es)f(the)f(actual)f(one)472 1715 y(for)32 b(the)h(curren)m(t)h |
| | 20944 | (ev)m(en)m(t.)0 1823 y Fq(PARJ\(129\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.002\))25 |
| | 20945 | b(optimized)g Fj(Q)1607 1787 y Fl(2)1673 1823 y Fw(scale)i(for)f(the)h |
| | 20946 | (3-)f(and)g(4-jet)g(rate)h(for)f(the)h Fq(MSTJ\(111\)=1)472 |
| | 20947 | 1932 y Fw(option)33 b(is)g(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)h Fj(Q)1346 |
| | 20948 | 1896 y Fl(2)1415 1932 y Fw(=)30 b Fj(f)11 b(E)1658 1896 |
| | 20949 | y Fl(2)1652 1956 y(cm)1746 1932 y Fw(,)34 b(where)h Fj(f)40 |
| | 20950 | b Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(129\))p Fw(.)49 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(v)-5 |
| | 20951 | b(arious)33 b(reasons)i(the)472 2040 y(actually)29 b(used)i |
| | 20952 | Fj(f)40 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(increased)h(compared)e |
| | 20953 | (with)g(the)h(nominal)d(one;)k(while)472 2148 y Fq(PARJ\(129\))44 |
| | 20954 | b Fw(giv)m(es)d(the)h(nominal)d(v)-5 b(alue,)42 b Fq(PARJ\(169\))i |
| | 20955 | Fw(giv)m(es)d(the)h(actual)e(one)h(for)g(the)472 2257 |
| | 20956 | y(curren)m(t)f(ev)m(en)m(t.)65 b(The)39 b(default)f(v)-5 |
| | 20957 | b(alue)39 b(is)f(in)g(agreemen)m(t)h(with)g(the)g(studies)g(of)g(Bethk) |
| | 20958 | m(e)472 2365 y([Bet89].)0 2473 y Fq(PARJ\(131\),)54 b(PARJ\(132\))g(:) |
| | 20959 | 47 b Fw(\(D=2*0.\))i(longitudinal)31 b(p)s(olarizations)h |
| | 20960 | Fj(P)2826 2432 y Fl(+)2812 2498 y(L)2919 2473 y Fw(and)j |
| | 20961 | Fj(P)3188 2432 y Fk(\000)3174 2498 y Fl(L)3281 2473 y |
| | 20962 | Fw(of)g(incoming)472 2582 y(e)515 2546 y Fl(+)607 2582 |
| | 20963 | y Fw(and)e(e)840 2546 y Fk(\000)899 2582 y Fw(.)0 2700 |
| | 20964 | y Fq(PARJ\(133\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.\))42 b(transv)m(erse)32 |
| | 20965 | b(p)s(olarization)27 b Fj(P)2015 2715 y Fl(T)2097 2700 |
| | 20966 | y Fw(=)2201 2597 y Fg(q)p 2284 2597 271 4 v 103 x Fj(P)2361 |
| | 20967 | 2659 y Fl(+)2347 2725 y(T)2419 2700 y Fj(P)2496 2659 |
| | 20968 | y Fk(\000)2482 2725 y Fl(T)2555 2700 y Fw(,)k(with)e |
| | 20969 | Fj(P)2909 2659 y Fl(+)2895 2725 y(T)2998 2700 y Fw(and)h |
| | 20970 | Fj(P)3262 2659 y Fk(\000)3248 2725 y Fl(T)3350 2700 y |
| | 20971 | Fw(transv)m(erse)472 2827 y(p)s(olarizations)g(of)i(incoming)f(e)1622 |
| | 20972 | 2791 y Fl(+)1713 2827 y Fw(and)i(e)1946 2791 y Fk(\000)2006 |
| | 20973 | 2827 y Fw(.)0 2936 y Fq(PARJ\(134\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.\))h(mean)35 |
| | 20974 | b(of)f(transv)m(erse)i(p)s(olarization)31 b(directions)j(of)g(incoming) |
| | 20975 | f(e)3365 2900 y Fl(+)3458 2936 y Fw(and)i(e)3693 2900 |
| | 20976 | y Fk(\000)3752 2936 y Fw(,)472 3044 y(\001)p Fj(')g Fw(=)e(\()p |
| | 20977 | Fj(')863 3008 y Fl(+)947 3044 y Fw(+)24 b Fj(')1111 3008 |
| | 20978 | y Fk(\000)1170 3044 y Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(2,)37 b(with)f |
| | 20979 | Fj(')g Fw(the)h(azim)m(uthal)d(angle)h(of)h(p)s(olarization,)e(leading) |
| | 20980 | h(to)h(a)472 3152 y(shift)c(in)g(the)h Fj(')g Fw(distribution)d(of)i |
| | 20981 | (jets)i(b)m(y)f(\001)p Fj(')p Fw(.)0 3261 y Fq(PARJ\(135\))54 |
| | 20982 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.01\))24 b(minim)m(um)e(photon)j(energy)h(fraction)e |
| | 20983 | (\(of)h(b)s(eam)g(energy\))h(in)e(initial-state)472 3369 |
| | 20984 | y(radiation;)j(should)g(normally)d(nev)m(er)29 b(b)s(e)e(c)m(hanged)h |
| | 20985 | (\(if)e(lo)m(w)m(ered)h(to)s(o)g(m)m(uc)m(h,)h(the)g(fraction)472 |
| | 20986 | 3477 y(of)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(con)m(taining)c(a)h(radiativ)m(e)f(photon)h |
| | 20987 | (will)e(exceed)29 b(unit)m(y)-8 b(,)27 b(leading)e(to)h(problems\).)0 |
| | 20988 | 3586 y Fq(PARJ\(136\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.99\))22 b(maxim)m(um)f |
| | 20989 | (photon)i(energy)h(fraction)e(\(of)g(b)s(eam)h(energy\))h(in)e |
| | 20990 | (initial-state)472 3694 y(radiation;)j(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)h |
| | 20991 | (to)f(re\015ect)h(actual)e(trigger)g(conditions)g(of)h(a)f(detector)i |
| | 20992 | (\(but)472 3802 y(m)m(ust)33 b(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(b)s(e)g(larger)e(than)i |
| | 20993 | Fq(PARJ\(135\))p Fw(\).)0 3911 y Fq(PARJ\(139\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 20994 | b Fw(\(D=0.2)32 b(GeV\))h(maxim)m(um)e(deviation)h(of)g |
| | 20995 | Fj(E)2286 3926 y Fl(cm)2414 3911 y Fw(from)g(the)h(corresp)s(onding)g |
| | 20996 | (v)-5 b(alue)33 b(at)472 4019 y(last)f Fq(LUXTOT)i Fw(call,)d(ab)s(o)m |
| | 20997 | (v)m(e)j(whic)m(h)f(a)f(new)i(call)c(is)j(made)f(if)38 |
| | 20998 | b Fq(MSTJ\(116\)=1)p Fw(.)0 4128 y Fq(PARJ\(141\))54 |
| | 20999 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))c(v)-5 b(alue)42 b(of)h Fj(R)q Fw(,)j(the)d(ratio)f |
| | 21000 | (of)g(con)m(tin)m(uum)h(cross)h(section)f(to)g(the)g(lo)m(w)m |
| | 21001 | (est-order)472 4236 y(m)m(uon)28 b(pair)e(pro)s(duction)h(cross)h |
| | 21002 | (section,)h(as)e(giv)m(en)h(in)e(massless)i(QED)f(\(i.e.)41 |
| | 21003 | b(three)28 b(times)472 4344 y(the)33 b(sum)g(of)f(activ)m(e)h(quark)g |
| | 21004 | (squared)h(c)m(harges,)g(p)s(ossibly)e(mo)s(di\014ed)f(for)h(p)s |
| | 21005 | (olarization\).)0 4453 y Fq(PARJ\(142\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))25 |
| | 21006 | b(v)-5 b(alue)24 b(of)h Fj(R)h Fw(including)d(quark-mass)j(e\013ects)g |
| | 21007 | (\(for)f Fq(MSTJ\(102\)=1)p Fw(\))i(and/or)e(w)m(eak)472 |
| | 21008 | 4561 y(propagator)32 b(e\013ects)i(\(for)e Fq(MSTJ\(102\)=2)p |
| | 21009 | Fw(\).)0 4669 y Fq(PARJ\(143\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))36 |
| | 21010 | b(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)f Fj(R)i Fw(as)e Fq(PARJ\(142\))p |
| | 21011 | Fw(,)41 b(but)c(including)d(QCD)j(corrections)g(as)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y) |
| | 21012 | 472 4778 y Fq(MSTJ\(101\))p Fw(.)0 4886 y Fq(PARJ\(144\))54 |
| | 21013 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))37 b(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(of)g Fj(R)i Fw(as)f |
| | 21014 | Fq(PARJ\(143\))p Fw(,)k(but)c(additionally)d(including)h(corrections)i |
| | 21015 | (from)472 4994 y(initial-state)43 b(photon)k(radiation)e(\(if)52 |
| | 21016 | b Fq(MSTJ\(107\)=1)p Fw(\).)89 b(Since)47 b(the)g(e\013ects)h(of)e(hea) |
| | 21017 | m(vy)472 5103 y(\015a)m(v)m(our)35 b(thresholds)f(are)f(not)h(simply)e |
| | 21018 | (in)m(tegrable,)h(the)h(initial)29 b(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)40 |
| | 21019 | b Fq(PARJ\(144\))c Fw(is)472 5211 y(up)s(dated)e(during)d(the)i(course) |
| | 21020 | h(of)e(the)h(run)g(to)f(impro)m(v)m(e)g(accuracy)-8 b(.)0 |
| | 21021 | 5319 y Fq(PARJ\(145\))54 b(-)d(PARJ\(148\))j(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))31 |
| | 21022 | b(absolute)h(cross)g(sections)g(in)f(n)m(b)h(as)g(for)e(the)i(cases)h |
| | 21023 | Fq(PARJ\(141\))472 5428 y(-)52 b(PARJ\(144\))35 b Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)0 |
| | 21024 | 5536 y Fq(PARJ\(150\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))38 b(curren)m(t)h |
| | 21025 | (e\013ectiv)m(e)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(t)g(cut-o\013)h Fj(y)2571 |
| | 21026 | 5551 y Fl(cut)2673 5536 y Fw(,)h(as)f(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)h |
| | 21027 | Fq(PARJ\(125\),)472 5644 y(PARJ\(126\))d Fw(and)d(the)g(requiremen)m |
| | 21028 | (ts)h(of)f(ha)m(ving)f(non-negativ)m(e)h(cross)h(sections)g(for)e(2-,) |
| | 21029 | 1841 5953 y(84)p eop |
| | 21030 | %%Page: 85 91 |
| | 21031 | 85 90 bop 472 -18 a Fw(3-)32 b(and)h(4-jet)f(ev)m(en)m(ts.)46 |
| | 21032 | b(Not)32 b(used)i(in)e(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ers.)0 90 y |
| | 21033 | Fq(PARJ\(151\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))32 b(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 21034 | b(of)g(c.m.)44 b(energy)35 b Fq(ECM)e Fw(at)f(last)g |
| | 21035 | Fq(LUXTOT)i Fw(call.)0 198 y Fq(PARJ\(152\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 21036 | b Fw(\(R\))32 b(curren)m(t)i(\014rst-order)e(con)m(tribution)f(to)h |
| | 21037 | (the)h(3-jet)f(fraction;)f(mo)s(di\014ed)g(b)m(y)j(mass)472 |
| | 21038 | 307 y(e\013ects.)45 b(Not)33 b(used)g(in)f(parton)h(sho)m(w)m(ers.)0 |
| | 21039 | 415 y Fq(PARJ\(153\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))e(curren)m(t)i(second-order)g |
| | 21040 | (con)m(tribution)d(to)h(the)h(3-jet)f(fraction;)51 b(mo)s(di\014ed)45 |
| | 21041 | b(b)m(y)472 523 y(mass)33 b(e\013ects.)45 b(Not)32 b(used)i(in)e |
| | 21042 | (parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ers.)0 632 y Fq(PARJ\(154\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 21043 | b Fw(\(R\))e(curren)m(t)i(second-order)g(con)m(tribution)d(to)h(the)h |
| | 21044 | (4-jet)f(fraction;)51 b(mo)s(di\014ed)45 b(b)m(y)472 |
| | 21045 | 740 y(mass)33 b(e\013ects.)45 b(Not)32 b(used)i(in)e(parton)g(sho)m(w)m |
| | 21046 | (ers.)0 848 y Fq(PARJ\(155\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))34 |
| | 21047 | b(curren)m(t)i(fraction)e(of)g(4-jet)g(rate)g(attributable)f(to)i(q)p |
| | 21048 | 2756 795 52 4 v(q)q(q)2859 812 y Fk(0)p 2882 795 V 2882 |
| | 21049 | 848 a Fw(q)2934 812 y Fk(0)2992 848 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(rather)d(than) |
| | 21050 | 472 957 y(q)p 523 904 V(q)q(gg)g(ones;)f(mo)s(di\014ed)f(b)m(y)h(mass)g |
| | 21051 | (e\013ects.)44 b(Not)33 b(used)h(in)d(parton)i(sho)m(w)m(ers.)0 |
| | 21052 | 1065 y Fq(PARJ\(156\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))c(has)g(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 21053 | (functions)f(when)i(using)e(second-order)h(QCD.)f(F)-8 |
| | 21054 | b(or)42 b(a)h(3-jet)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)472 1173 y(it)g(giv)m(es)i(the)g |
| | 21055 | (ratio)d(of)i(the)g(second-order)h(to)f(the)h(total)d(3-jet)h(cross)j |
| | 21056 | (section)e(in)f(the)472 1282 y(giv)m(en)c(kinematical)d(p)s(oin)m(t.)60 |
| | 21057 | b(F)-8 b(or)37 b(a)i(4-jet)e(ev)m(en)m(t,)42 b(it)37 |
| | 21058 | b(giv)m(es)i(the)g(ratio)e(of)h(the)h(mo)s(di\014ed)472 |
| | 21059 | 1390 y(4-jet)c(cross)i(section,)g(obtained)e(when)i(neglecting)d(in)m |
| | 21060 | (terference)j(terms)f(whose)g(colour)472 1498 y(\015o)m(w)f(is)f(not)g |
| | 21061 | (w)m(ell)g(de\014ned,)i(to)e(the)h(full)d(unmo)s(di\014ed)i(one,)h(all) |
| | 21062 | d(ev)-5 b(aluated)34 b(in)g(the)g(giv)m(en)472 1607 y(kinematical)c(p)s |
| | 21063 | (oin)m(t.)43 b(Not)32 b(used)i(in)e(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ers.)0 |
| | 21064 | 1715 y Fq(PARJ\(157\))54 b(-)d(PARJ\(159\))j(:)47 b Fw(\(I\))26 |
| | 21065 | b(used)i(for)d(cross-section)i(calculations)d(to)h(include)h(mass)g |
| | 21066 | (thresh-)472 1823 y(old)45 b(e\013ects)h(to)f(radiativ)m(e)f(photon)h |
| | 21067 | (cross)h(section.)81 b(What)45 b(is)f(stored)i(is)f(basic)g(cross)472 |
| | 21068 | 1932 y(section,)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(generated)f |
| | 21069 | (and)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(that)g(passed)h(cuts.)0 2040 |
| | 21070 | y Fq(PARJ\(160\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))32 b(nominal)e(fraction)i(of)g |
| | 21071 | (ev)m(en)m(ts)j(that)d(should)g(con)m(tain)h(a)f(radiativ)m(e)f |
| | 21072 | (photon.)0 2148 y Fq(PARJ\(161\))54 b(-)d(PARJ\(164\))j(:)47 |
| | 21073 | b Fw(\(I\))36 b(giv)m(e)g(shap)s(e)h(of)e(radiativ)m(e)g(photon)h(sp)s |
| | 21074 | (ectrum)g(including)e(w)m(eak)472 2257 y(e\013ects.)0 |
| | 21075 | 2365 y Fq(PARJ\(168\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))28 b(actual)g |
| | 21076 | Fj(f)39 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(of)g(curren)m(t)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(in)c |
| | 21077 | (optimized)g(p)s(erturbation)h(theory)h(for)f Fj(R)q |
| | 21078 | Fw(;)472 2473 y(see)34 b Fq(MSTJ\(111\))h Fw(and)e Fq(PARJ\(128\))p |
| | 21079 | Fw(.)0 2582 y Fq(PARJ\(169\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))30 |
| | 21080 | b(actual)g Fj(f)41 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(of)h(curren)m(t)i(ev)m(en)m(t) |
| | 21081 | g(in)d(optimized)g(p)s(erturbation)g(theory)i(for)f(3-)472 |
| | 21082 | 2690 y(and)j(4-jet)f(rate;)h(see)g Fq(MSTJ\(111\))i Fw(and)e |
| | 21083 | Fq(PARJ\(129\))p Fw(.)0 2798 y Fq(PARJ\(171\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 21084 | b Fw(\(R\))38 b(fraction)e(of)h(cross)i(section)f(corresp)s(onding)g |
| | 21085 | (to)f(the)h(axial)e(coupling)g(of)i(quark)472 2907 y(pair)28 |
| | 21086 | b(to)h(the)g(in)m(termediate)f Fj(\015)1568 2871 y Fk(\003)1608 |
| | 21087 | 2907 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1717 2871 y Fl(0)1784 2907 y Fw(state;)j(needed)g |
| | 21088 | (for)d(the)h(Ab)s(elian)f(gluon)g(mo)s(del)f(3-jet)472 |
| | 21089 | 3015 y(matrix)k(elemen)m(t.)0 3288 y Fp(6.4)135 b(Examples)0 |
| | 21090 | 3460 y Fw(An)32 b(ordinary)g(e)595 3424 y Fl(+)654 3460 |
| | 21091 | y Fw(e)697 3424 y Fk(\000)788 3460 y Fw(annihilation)d(ev)m(en)m(t)34 |
| | 21092 | b(in)d(the)h(con)m(tin)m(uum,)g(at)g(a)g(c.m.)43 b(energy)33 |
| | 21093 | b(of)e(40)h(GeV,)g(ma)m(y)0 3569 y(b)s(e)h(generated)g(with)308 |
| | 21094 | 3752 y Fq(CALL)52 b(LUEEVT\(0,40.\))0 3936 y Fw(In)41 |
| | 21095 | b(this)g(case)h(a)e(q)p 684 3883 V(q)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)e(generated,)j |
| | 21096 | (including)39 b(w)m(eak)j(e\013ects,)j(follo)m(w)m(ed)40 |
| | 21097 | b(b)m(y)h(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)0 4044 y(ev)m(olution)22 |
| | 21098 | b(and)i(fragmen)m(tation/deca)m(y)e(treatmen)m(t.)40 |
| | 21099 | b(Before)24 b(a)f(call)e(to)i Fq(LUEEVT)p Fw(,)i(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)i(a) |
| | 21100 | c(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)0 4152 y(of)41 b(default)f(v)-5 b(alues)41 |
| | 21101 | b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged,)j(e.g.)69 b Fq(MSTJ\(101\)=2)44 |
| | 21102 | b Fw(to)d(use)h(second-order)g(QCD)f(matrix)0 4261 y(elemen)m(ts,)28 |
| | 21103 | b(giving)c(a)i(mixture)f(of)g(q)p 1293 4208 V(q)q(,)i(q)p |
| | 21104 | 1450 4208 V(q)q(g)q(,)h(q)p 1658 4208 V(q)q(gg)q(,)f(and)f(q)p |
| | 21105 | 2097 4208 V(q)q(q)2200 4225 y Fk(0)p 2224 4208 V 2224 |
| | 21106 | 4261 a Fw(q)2275 4225 y Fk(0)2324 4261 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k |
| | 21107 | Fq(MSTJ\(102\)=1)f Fw(to)d(ha)m(v)m(e)h(QED)0 4369 y(only)-8 |
| | 21108 | b(,)42 b Fq(MSTJ\(104\)=6)h Fw(to)d(allo)m(w)f(t)p 1272 |
| | 21109 | 4298 38 4 v(t)h(pro)s(duction)g(as)g(w)m(ell,)i Fq(MSTJ\(107\)=1)h |
| | 21110 | Fw(to)d(include)g(initial-state)0 4478 y(photon)35 b(radiation)d |
| | 21111 | (\(including)h(a)h(treatmen)m(t)h(of)f(the)h(Z)2096 4441 |
| | 21112 | y Fl(0)2170 4478 y Fw(p)s(ole\),)f Fq(PARJ\(123\)=92.0)k |
| | 21113 | Fw(to)d(c)m(hange)g(the)0 4586 y(Z)60 4550 y Fl(0)126 |
| | 21114 | 4586 y Fw(mass,)28 b Fq(PARJ\(81\)=0.3)i Fw(to)c(c)m(hange)i(the)g |
| | 21115 | (parton-sho)m(w)m(er)f(\003)g(v)-5 b(alue,)28 b(or)e |
| | 21116 | Fq(PARJ\(82\)=1.5)k Fw(to)d(c)m(hange)0 4694 y(the)f(parton-sho)m(w)m |
| | 21117 | (er)h(cut-o\013.)41 b(If)26 b(initial-state)d(photon)j(radiation)d(is)j |
| | 21118 | (used,)i(some)e(restrictions)g(apply)0 4803 y(to)37 b(ho)m(w)h(one)g |
| | 21119 | (can)g(alternate)f(the)h(generation)e(of)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(at)d |
| | 21120 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(energies)g(or)f(with)g(di\013eren)m(t)0 |
| | 21121 | 4911 y(Z)60 4875 y Fl(0)138 4911 y Fw(mass,)k(etc.)63 |
| | 21122 | b(These)41 b(restrictions)e(are)g(not)g(there)g(for)g(e\016ciency)h |
| | 21123 | (reasons)g(\(the)g(extra)f(time)f(for)0 5019 y(recalculating)k(the)j |
| | 21124 | (extra)g(constan)m(ts)g(ev)m(ery)h(time)d(is)h(small\),)h(but)g(b)s |
| | 21125 | (ecause)g(it)f(ties)g(in)f(with)h(the)0 5128 y(cross-section)33 |
| | 21126 | b(calculations)e(\(see)j Fq(PARJ\(144\))p Fw(\).)146 |
| | 21127 | 5236 y(Most)40 b(parameters)f(can)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)h(indep)s(enden) |
| | 21128 | m(tly)g(of)e(eac)m(h)i(other.)62 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)43 |
| | 21129 | b(if)38 b(just)h(one)0 5344 y(or)e(a)f(few)i(parameters/switc)m(hes)h |
| | 21130 | (are)e(c)m(hanged,)i(one)e(should)g(not)g(b)s(e)g(surprised)h(to)f |
| | 21131 | (\014nd)h(a)e(rather)0 5453 y(bad)f(agreemen)m(t)g(with)f(the)i(data,)f |
| | 21132 | (lik)m(e)f(e.g.)50 b(a)35 b(to)s(o)f(lo)m(w)g(or)g(high)g(a)m(v)m |
| | 21133 | (erage)i(hadron)f(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)-8 b(.)46 b(It)0 |
| | 21134 | 5561 y(is)36 b(therefore)h(usually)e(necessary)k(to)d(retune)h(one)g |
| | 21135 | (parameter)e(related)h(to)g(the)h(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)g(QCD)0 |
| | 21136 | 5669 y(description,)50 b(lik)m(e)45 b Fj(\013)798 5684 |
| | 21137 | y Fl(s)877 5669 y Fw(or)h(\003,)k(one)d(of)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 21138 | (parameters)f Fj(a)h Fw(and)f Fj(b)h Fw(of)f(the)h(Lund)g(symmetric) |
| | 21139 | 1841 5953 y(85)p eop |
| | 21140 | %%Page: 86 92 |
| | 21141 | 86 91 bop 0 -18 a Fw(fragmen)m(tation)40 b(function)i(\(since)g(they)h |
| | 21142 | (are)f(so)g(strongly)g(correlated,)i(it)d(is)g(often)h(not)g(necessary) |
| | 21143 | 0 90 y(to)h(retune)i(b)s(oth)e(of)h(them\),)i(and)e(the)g(a)m(v)m |
| | 21144 | (erage)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(transv)m(erse)k(momen)m(tum)c(|)h(see)0 |
| | 21145 | 198 y(Note)32 b(2)g(of)g(the)g Fq(MSTJ\(101\))j Fw(description)c(for)h |
| | 21146 | (an)g(example.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(v)m(ery)j(detailed)d(studies)h(it)f |
| | 21147 | (ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)0 307 y(necessary)j(to)d(retune)i(ev)m(en)g(more)e |
| | 21148 | (parameters.)146 415 y(The)i(three-gluon)e(and)g(gluon{gluon{photon)f |
| | 21149 | (deca)m(ys)j(of)e(\007)h(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(sim)m(ulated)e(b)m(y)i(a)g |
| | 21150 | (call)308 606 y Fq(CALL)52 b(LUONIA\(5,9.46\))0 798 y |
| | 21151 | Fw(Unfortunately)-8 b(,)32 b(with)h(presen)m(t)h(top-mass)e(limits,)e |
| | 21152 | (this)i(routine)g(will)f(not)h(b)s(e)h(of)g(m)m(uc)m(h)g(in)m(terest)g |
| | 21153 | (for)0 906 y(top)s(onium)e(studies)i(\(w)m(eak)h(deca)m(ys)g(will)c |
| | 21154 | (dominate\).)146 1014 y(A)43 b(t)m(ypical)f(program)g(for)g(analysis)g |
| | 21155 | (of)h(e)1694 978 y Fl(+)1753 1014 y Fw(e)1796 978 y Fk(\000)1898 |
| | 21156 | 1014 y Fw(annihilation)d(ev)m(en)m(ts)45 b(at)d(100)g(GeV)h(migh)m(t)f |
| | 21157 | (lo)s(ok)0 1123 y(something)32 b(lik)m(e)308 1314 y Fq |
| | 21158 | (COMMON/LUJETS/N,K\(4000,5\),)q(P\(40)q(00,5)q(\),V\()q(400)q(0,5\))308 |
| | 21159 | 1422 y(COMMON/LUDAT1/MSTU\(200\),PA)q(RU\(2)q(00\),)q(MSTJ)q(\(20)q |
| | 21160 | (0\),P)q(ARJ\()q(200\))308 1531 y(COMMON/LUDAT2/KCHG\(500,3\),)q(PMAS)q |
| | 21161 | (\(500)q(,4\),)q(PAR)q(F\(20)q(00\),)q(VCKM)q(\(4,4)q(\))308 |
| | 21162 | 1639 y(COMMON/LUDAT3/MDCY\(500,3\),)q(MDME)q(\(200)q(0,2\))q(,BR)q |
| | 21163 | (AT\(2)q(000\))q(,KFD)q(P\(20)q(00,)q(5\))308 1747 y |
| | 21164 | (MDCY\(LUCOMP\(111\),1\)=0)569 b(!)52 b(put)g(pi0)g(stable)308 |
| | 21165 | 1856 y(MSTJ\(107\)=1)1079 b(!)52 b(include)h(initial-state)h(radiation) |
| | 21166 | 308 1964 y(PARU\(41\)=1.)1079 b(!)52 b(use)g(linear)h(sphericity)308 |
| | 21167 | 2072 y(.....)1385 b(!)52 b(other)g(desired)h(changes)308 |
| | 21168 | 2181 y(.....)1385 b(!)52 b(initialize)i(analysis)f(statistics)308 |
| | 21169 | 2289 y(DO)e(100)h(IEVENT=1,1000)619 b(!)52 b(loop)g(over)g(events)308 |
| | 21170 | 2397 y(CALL)g(LUEEVT\(0,100.\))670 b(!)52 b(generate)h(new)f(event)308 |
| | 21171 | 2506 y(IF\(IEVENT.EQ.1\))j(CALL)d(LULIST\(2\))105 b(!)52 |
| | 21172 | b(list)g(first)h(event)308 2614 y(CALL)f(LUTABU\(11\))874 |
| | 21173 | b(!)52 b(save)g(particle)h(composition)1948 2722 y(!)154 |
| | 21174 | b(statistics)308 2831 y(CALL)52 b(LUEDIT\(2\))925 b(!)52 |
| | 21175 | b(remove)h(decayed)g(particles)308 2939 y(CALL)f(LUSPHE\(SPH,APL\))619 |
| | 21176 | b(!)52 b(linear)h(sphericity)g(analysis)308 3047 y(IF\(SPH.LT.0.\))h |
| | 21177 | (GOTO)f(100)513 b(!)52 b(too)g(few)g(particles)h(in)f(event)h(for)1948 |
| | 21178 | 3156 y(!)154 b(LUSPHE)53 b(to)f(work)g(on)g(it)g(\(unusual\))308 |
| | 21179 | 3264 y(CALL)g(LUEDIT\(31\))874 b(!)52 b(orient)h(event)f(along)h(axes)f |
| | 21180 | (above)308 3373 y(IF\(IEVENT.EQ.1\))j(CALL)d(LULIST\(2\))105 |
| | 21181 | b(!)52 b(list)g(first)h(treated)g(event)308 3481 y(.....)1385 |
| | 21182 | b(!)52 b(fill)g(analysis)h(statistics)308 3589 y(CALL)f |
| | 21183 | (LUTHRU\(THR,OBL\))619 b(!)52 b(now)g(do)g(thrust)g(analysis)308 |
| | 21184 | 3698 y(.....)1385 b(!)52 b(more)g(analysis)h(statistics)103 |
| | 21185 | 3806 y(100)f(CONTINUE)1232 b(!)308 3914 y(CALL)52 b(LUTABU\(12\))874 |
| | 21186 | b(!)52 b(print)g(particle)i(composition)1948 4023 y(!)154 |
| | 21187 | b(statistics)308 4131 y(.....)1385 b(!)52 b(print)g(analysis)i |
| | 21188 | (statistics)308 4239 y(END)1841 5953 y Fw(86)p eop |
| | 21189 | %%Page: 87 93 |
| | 21190 | 87 92 bop 0 -18 a Ft(7)161 b(Pro)t(cess)53 b(Generation)g(in)h(PYTHIA)0 |
| | 21191 | 189 y Fw(Muc)m(h)36 b(can)f(b)s(e)g(said)f(ab)s(out)g(the)h(hard)g(pro) |
| | 21192 | s(cesses)h(in)e Fm(Pythia)h Fw(and)g(the)g(w)m(a)m(y)g(they)h(are)f |
| | 21193 | (generated.)0 297 y(Therefore)40 b(the)f(material)c(has)k(b)s(een)g |
| | 21194 | (split)f(in)m(to)f(three)j(sections.)62 b(In)38 b(the)h(curren)m(t)h |
| | 21195 | (one)f(the)g(philo-)0 405 y(soph)m(y)j(underlying)d(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h |
| | 21196 | (generation)e(sc)m(heme)i(is)d(presen)m(ted.)69 b(Here)41 |
| | 21197 | b(w)m(e)h(pro)m(vide)e(a)g(generic)0 514 y(description,)i(where)f(some) |
| | 21198 | f(sp)s(ecial)f(cases)j(are)e(sw)m(ept)h(under)g(the)g(carp)s(et.)66 |
| | 21199 | b(In)41 b(the)f(next)h(section,)0 622 y(the)31 b(existing)f(pro)s |
| | 21200 | (cesses)j(are)e(en)m(umerated,)g(with)g(some)f(commen)m(ts)h(ab)s(out)f |
| | 21201 | (applications)f(and)h(limi-)0 730 y(tations.)44 b(Finally)-8 |
| | 21202 | b(,)30 b(in)j(the)g(third)f(section)i(the)f(generation)f(routines)h |
| | 21203 | (and)g(common)f(blo)s(c)m(k)h(switc)m(hes)0 839 y(are)g(describ)s(ed.) |
| | 21204 | 146 947 y(The)27 b(section)e(starts)h(with)f(a)h(surv)m(ey)h(of)e |
| | 21205 | (parton)g(distributions,)h(follo)m(w)m(ed)e(b)m(y)j(a)e(detailed)f |
| | 21206 | (descrip-)0 1055 y(tion)32 b(of)h(the)h(simple)e(2)d |
| | 21207 | Fn(!)g Fw(2)k(and)g(2)c Fn(!)g Fw(1)k(hard)h(subpro)s(cess)h |
| | 21208 | (generation)e(sc)m(hemes,)i(including)d(pairs)0 1164 |
| | 21209 | y(of)g(resonances.)45 b(This)33 b(is)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)h(a)g |
| | 21210 | (few)g(commen)m(ts)f(on)h(more)f(complicated)f(con\014gurations.)0 |
| | 21211 | 1438 y Fp(7.1)135 b(P)l(arton)46 b(Distributions)0 1610 |
| | 21212 | y Fw(The)34 b(parton-distribution)d(function)i Fj(f)1490 |
| | 21213 | 1574 y Fh(a)1479 1635 y(i)1531 1610 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 |
| | 21214 | b(Q)1745 1574 y Fl(2)1785 1610 y Fw(\))33 b(parametrizes)g(the)h |
| | 21215 | (probabilit)m(y)d(to)i(\014nd)h(a)f(parton)0 1719 y Fj(i)41 |
| | 21216 | b Fw(with)g(a)f(fraction)g Fj(x)h Fw(of)f(the)i(b)s(eam)e(energy)i |
| | 21217 | (when)g(the)f(b)s(eam)f(particle)g Fj(a)h Fw(is)f(prob)s(ed)h(b)m(y)h |
| | 21218 | (a)e(hard)0 1827 y(scattering)22 b(at)g(virtualit)m(y)f(scale)i |
| | 21219 | Fj(Q)1271 1791 y Fl(2)1310 1827 y Fw(.)40 b(Usually)22 |
| | 21220 | b(the)h(momen)m(tum-w)m(eigh)m(ted)f(com)m(bination)e |
| | 21221 | Fj(xf)3446 1791 y Fh(a)3435 1852 y(i)3488 1827 y Fw(\()p |
| | 21222 | Fj(x;)d(Q)3702 1791 y Fl(2)3742 1827 y Fw(\))0 1948 y(is)35 |
| | 21223 | b(used,)i(for)d(whic)m(h)i(the)f(normalization)d(condition)2008 |
| | 21224 | 1881 y Fg(P)2096 1968 y Fh(i)2141 1877 y Fg(R)2196 1903 |
| | 21225 | y Fl(1)2180 1973 y(0)2252 1948 y Fj(dx)17 b(xf)2489 1911 |
| | 21226 | y Fh(a)2478 1972 y(i)2531 1948 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)g(Q)2745 |
| | 21227 | 1911 y Fl(2)2784 1948 y Fw(\))32 b Fn(\021)h Fw(1)i(normally)d |
| | 21228 | (applies.)0 2056 y(The)c Fj(Q)272 2020 y Fl(2)338 2056 |
| | 21229 | y Fw(dep)s(endence)h(of)d(parton)h(distributions)e(is)h(p)s(erturbativ) |
| | 21230 | m(ely)h(calculable,)f(see)i(section)f(10.3.1.)146 2164 |
| | 21231 | y(The)33 b(parton)e(distributions)e(in)i Fm(Pythia)g |
| | 21232 | Fw(come)g(in)g(man)m(y)g(shap)s(es,)i(as)e(sho)m(wn)i(in)d(the)i(follo) |
| | 21233 | m(wing.)0 2412 y Fo(7.1.1)112 b(Bary)m(ons)0 2585 y Fw(F)-8 |
| | 21234 | b(or)35 b(protons,)i(man)m(y)f(sets)h(exist)f(on)f(the)h(mark)m(et.)54 |
| | 21235 | b(These)37 b(are)f(obtained)f(b)m(y)i(\014ts)f(to)f(exp)s(erimen)m(tal) |
| | 21236 | 0 2693 y(data,)43 b(constrained)e(so)g(that)f(the)i Fj(Q)1390 |
| | 21237 | 2657 y Fl(2)1470 2693 y Fw(dep)s(endence)h(is)e(in)f(accordance)i(with) |
| | 21238 | e(the)h(standard)h(QCD)0 2801 y(ev)m(olution)25 b(equations.)41 |
| | 21239 | b(The)27 b(\(new\))f(default)f(in)g Fm(Pythia)g Fw(is)g(CTEQ2L)i |
| | 21240 | ([Bot93)o(],)g(a)f(mo)s(dern)f(leading-)0 2910 y(order)33 |
| | 21241 | b(\014t.)43 b(T)-8 b(en)34 b(other)e(sets)i(are)f(found)f(in)g |
| | 21242 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)44 b(The)33 b(complete)f(list)f(is:)145 |
| | 21243 | 3023 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(EHLQ)33 b(sets)g(1)g(and)f(2)h([Eic84)o(];)145 |
| | 21244 | 3141 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(DO)32 b(sets)i(1)e(and)g(2)h([Duk82];)145 |
| | 21245 | 3258 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(the)28 b(other)g(CTEQ2)h(\014ts,)h(namely)d |
| | 21246 | (CTEQ2M,)i(CTEQ2MS,)h(CTEQ2MF,)f(CTEQ2ML,)g(and)244 3367 |
| | 21247 | y(CTEQ2D)k([Bot93)o(];)g(and)145 3485 y Fn(\017)49 b |
| | 21248 | Fw(the)33 b(dynamically)d(generated)k(\014t)e(GR)-11 |
| | 21249 | b(V)32 b(LO)h(\(up)s(dated)g(v)m(ersion\))g([Glu92)n(].)0 |
| | 21250 | 3598 y(Of)24 b(these,)j(EHLQ,)e(DO,)f(CTEQ2L)h(and)f(GR)-11 |
| | 21251 | b(V)24 b(LO)g(are)g(leading-order)f(parton)h(distributions,)g(while)0 |
| | 21252 | 3706 y(CTEQ2D)30 b(are)g(in)e(the)j(next-to-leading-order)c(DIS)i(sc)m |
| | 21253 | (heme)i(and)f(the)g(rest)g(in)f(the)h(next-to-leading)0 |
| | 21254 | 3814 y(order)p 258 3736 144 4 v 36 w(MS)37 b(sc)m(heme.)54 |
| | 21255 | b(The)37 b(EHLQ)g(and)f(DO)f(sets)i(are)f(b)m(y)h(no)m(w)f(rather)h |
| | 21256 | (old,)e(and)h(are)g(k)m(ept)i(mainly)0 3923 y(for)g(bac)m(kw)m(ards)j |
| | 21257 | (compatibilit)m(y)-8 b(.)58 b(Since)39 b(only)f(Born-lev)m(el)f(matrix) |
| | 21258 | g(elemen)m(ts)i(are)g(included)f(in)g(the)0 4031 y(program,)45 |
| | 21259 | b(there)f(is)f(no)h(particular)e(reason)i(to)f(use)i(higher-order)d |
| | 21260 | (parton)i(distributions)e(|)h(the)0 4139 y(resulting)27 |
| | 21261 | b(com)m(bination)g(is)g(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)k(only)d(go)s(o)s(d)f(to)h |
| | 21262 | (leading-order)e(accuracy)-8 b(.)43 b(\(Some)28 b(higher-order)0 |
| | 21263 | 4248 y(corrections)i(are)h(e\013ectiv)m(ely)g(included)f(b)m(y)h(the)g |
| | 21264 | (parton-sho)m(w)m(er)g(treatmen)m(t,)g(but)f(there)i(is)d(no)i(exact)0 |
| | 21265 | 4356 y(matc)m(h.\))146 4464 y(There)38 b(is)e(a)g(steady)h(\015o)m(w)g |
| | 21266 | (of)f(new)h(parton-distribution)d(sets)j(on)f(the)h(mark)m(et.)55 |
| | 21267 | b(T)-8 b(o)36 b(k)m(eep)i(trac)m(k)0 4573 y(of)32 b(all)f(of)h(them)g |
| | 21268 | (is)g(a)h(ma)5 b(jor)31 b(w)m(ork)j(on)e(its)g(o)m(wn.)45 |
| | 21269 | b(Therefore)34 b Fm(Pythia)e Fw(con)m(tains)h(an)g(in)m(terface)f(to)h |
| | 21270 | (an)0 4681 y(external)39 b(library)e(of)h(parton)h(distribution)d |
| | 21271 | (functions,)41 b Fm(Pdflib)e Fw([Plo93)o(].)62 b(This)39 |
| | 21272 | b(is)f(a)g(truly)h(ency-)0 4789 y(clop)s(edic)e(collection)f(of)i |
| | 21273 | (almost)e(all)g(proton,)k(pion)d(and)h(photon)g(parton)g(distributions) |
| | 21274 | f(prop)s(osed)0 4898 y(since)d(the)f(late)g(70's.)45 |
| | 21275 | b(Tw)m(o)34 b(dumm)m(y)f(routines)g(come)g(with)g(the)h |
| | 21276 | Fm(Pythia)f Fw(pac)m(k)-5 b(age,)34 b(so)f(as)h(to)f(a)m(v)m(oid)0 |
| | 21277 | 5006 y(problems)39 b(with)g(unresolv)m(ed)i(external)f(references)i(if) |
| | 21278 | j Fm(Pdflib)40 b Fw(is)g(not)f(link)m(ed.)65 b(One)40 |
| | 21279 | b(should)f(also)0 5114 y(note)d(that)f Fm(Pythia)g Fw(do)s(es)h(not)g |
| | 21280 | (c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)f(results,)h(but)f(assumes)g(that)f(sensible)h(answ) |
| | 21281 | m(ers)h(will)c(b)s(e)0 5223 y(returned,)38 b(also)d(outside)h(the)h |
| | 21282 | (nominal)c(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1729 5187 y Fl(2)1769 5223 |
| | 21283 | y Fw(\))36 b(range)g(of)f(a)h(set.)55 b(Only)36 b(the)g(sets)h(that)f |
| | 21284 | (come)g(with)0 5331 y Fm(Pythia)29 b Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)g |
| | 21285 | (suitably)e(mo)s(di\014ed)g(to)g(pro)m(vide)h(reasonable)g(answ)m(ers)i |
| | 21286 | (outside)e(their)f(nominal)0 5439 y(domain)j(of)h(v)-5 |
| | 21287 | b(alidit)m(y)d(.)146 5548 y(F)g(rom)39 b(the)i(proton)g(parton)f |
| | 21288 | (distributions,)h(those)h(of)e(the)h(neutron)g(are)g(obtained)f(b)m(y)h |
| | 21289 | (isospin)0 5656 y(conjugation,)31 b(i.e.)43 b Fj(f)782 |
| | 21290 | 5620 y Fl(n)771 5681 y(u)853 5656 y Fw(=)28 b Fj(f)1016 |
| | 21291 | 5609 y Fl(p)1005 5681 y(d)1091 5656 y Fw(and)33 b Fj(f)1340 |
| | 21292 | 5620 y Fl(n)1329 5681 y(d)1411 5656 y Fw(=)27 b Fj(f)1573 |
| | 21293 | 5620 y Fl(p)1562 5681 y(u)1616 5656 y Fw(.)1841 5953 |
| | 21294 | y(87)p eop |
| | 21295 | %%Page: 88 94 |
| | 21296 | 88 93 bop 146 -18 a Fw(The)44 b(program)c(do)s(es)j(allo)m(w)e(for)h |
| | 21297 | (incoming)e(b)s(eams)i(of)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(h)m(yp)s(erons:) |
| | 21298 | 65 b(\003)3383 -55 y Fl(0)3422 -18 y Fw(,)45 b(\006)3564 |
| | 21299 | -55 y Fk(\000)p Fh(;)p Fl(0)p Fh(;)p Fl(+)3752 -18 y |
| | 21300 | Fw(,)0 90 y(\004)65 54 y Fk(\000)p Fh(;)p Fl(0)214 90 |
| | 21301 | y Fw(and)36 b(\012)477 54 y Fk(\000)537 90 y Fw(.)52 |
| | 21302 | b(Here)36 b(one)g(has)g(essen)m(tially)f(no)g(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)g |
| | 21303 | (information.)49 b(One)36 b(could)f(imagine)0 198 y(to)f(construct)i |
| | 21304 | (mo)s(dels)d(in)h(whic)m(h)h(v)-5 b(alence)35 b(s)g(quarks)h(are)f |
| | 21305 | (found)g(at)f(larger)f(a)m(v)m(erage)j Fj(x)f Fw(v)-5 |
| | 21306 | b(alues)34 b(than)0 307 y(v)-5 b(alence)35 b(u)h(and)f(d)h(ones,)g(b)s |
| | 21307 | (ecause)h(of)e(the)h(larger)e(s-quark)i(mass.)51 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)39 |
| | 21308 | b(h)m(yp)s(eron)d(b)s(eams)f(is)g(a)0 415 y(little-used)24 |
| | 21309 | b(part)h(of)g(the)h(program,)g(included)f(only)g(for)g(a)g(few)h(sp)s |
| | 21310 | (eci\014c)g(studies.)42 b(Therefore)27 b(a)e(simple)0 |
| | 21311 | 523 y(approac)m(h)i(has)g(b)s(een)h(tak)m(en,)h(in)d(whic)m(h)h(an)g(a) |
| | 21312 | m(v)m(erage)h(v)-5 b(alence)27 b(quark)h(distribution)c(is)j |
| | 21313 | (constructed)h(as)0 632 y Fj(f)48 647 y Fl(v)l(al)168 |
| | 21314 | 632 y Fw(=)g(\()p Fj(f)369 584 y Fl(p)358 657 y(u)p Fh(;)p |
| | 21315 | Fl(v)l(al)523 632 y Fw(+)14 b Fj(f)672 584 y Fl(p)661 |
| | 21316 | 657 y(d)p Fh(;)p Fl(v)l(al)812 632 y Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(3,)29 |
| | 21317 | b(according)f(to)g(whic)m(h)h(eac)m(h)h(v)-5 b(alence)28 |
| | 21318 | b(quark)i(in)e(a)g(h)m(yp)s(eron)h(is)g(assumed)g(to)0 |
| | 21319 | 740 y(b)s(e)g(distributed.)42 b(Sea-quark)29 b(and)g(gluon)f |
| | 21320 | (distributions)g(are)h(tak)m(en)g(as)g(in)f(the)i(proton.)42 |
| | 21321 | b(An)m(y)30 b(proton)0 848 y(parton)i(distribution)f(set)i(ma)m(y)g(b)s |
| | 21322 | (e)f(used)i(with)e(this)h(pro)s(cedure.)0 1096 y Fo(7.1.2)112 |
| | 21323 | b(Mesons)39 b(and)f(photons)0 1268 y Fw(Data)45 b(on)h(meson)g(parton)g |
| | 21324 | (distributions)e(are)j(scarce,)j(so)d(only)e(v)m(ery)j(few)e(sets)h(ha) |
| | 21325 | m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(con-)0 1377 y(structed,)37 b(and)e(only)f(for)g |
| | 21326 | (the)i Fj(\031)1199 1341 y Fk(\006)1258 1377 y Fw(.)50 |
| | 21327 | b Fm(Pythia)35 b Fw(con)m(tains)g(the)g(Ow)m(ens)i(set)e(1)g(and)g(2)f |
| | 21328 | (parton)h(distribu-)0 1485 y(tions)29 b([Ow)m(e84],)h(whic)m(h)g(for)f |
| | 21329 | (a)g(long)f(time)g(w)m(ere)i(essen)m(tially)f(the)h(only)e(sets)j(on)e |
| | 21330 | (the)h(mark)m(et,)g(and)f(the)0 1593 y(more)h(recen)m(t)i(dynamically)c |
| | 21331 | (generated)k(GR)-11 b(V)30 b(LO)g(\(up)s(dated)h(v)m(ersion\))g |
| | 21332 | ([Glu92a)o(].)42 b(The)32 b(\014rst)f(one)g(is)0 1702 |
| | 21333 | y(the)37 b(default)e(in)h Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)54 b(F)-8 |
| | 21334 | b(urther)36 b(sets)i(are)e(found)g(in)g Fm(Pdflib)g Fw(and)h(can)f |
| | 21335 | (therefore)h(b)s(e)f(used)i(b)m(y)0 1810 y Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 21336 | Fw(,)33 b(just)g(as)g(describ)s(ed)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(for)f(protons.) |
| | 21337 | 146 1918 y(Sets)j(of)e(photon)h(parton)g(distributions)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j |
| | 21338 | (b)s(een)g(obtained)e(as)h(for)g(hadrons;)h(an)e(additional)0 |
| | 21339 | 2027 y(complication)c(comes)k(from)e(the)i(necessit)m(y)h(to)e(handle)g |
| | 21340 | (the)h(matc)m(hing)e(of)h(the)h(v)m(ector)g(meson)g(dom-)0 |
| | 21341 | 2135 y(inance)j(\(VMD\))h(and)f(the)h(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)g(pieces)g(in) |
| | 21342 | f(a)g(consisten)m(t)h(manner.)55 b(New)37 b(sets)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s |
| | 21343 | (een)0 2243 y(pro)s(duced)25 b(where)g(this)e(division)g(is)g(explicit) |
| | 21344 | g(and)h(therefore)g(esp)s(ecially)f(w)m(ell)g(suited)h(for)g |
| | 21345 | (applications)0 2352 y(to)k(ev)m(en)m(t)i(generation[Sc)m(h95].)42 |
| | 21346 | b(The)30 b(Sc)m(h)m(uler)f(and)f(Sj\177)-49 b(ostand)29 |
| | 21347 | b(set)g(1D)e(is)h(the)h(default.)41 b(Although)28 b(the)0 |
| | 21348 | 2460 y(v)m(ector-meson)38 b(philosoph)m(y)f(is)g(at)h(the)g(base,)h |
| | 21349 | (the)f(details)e(of)i(the)f(\014ts)i(do)e(not)g(rely)h(on)f(pion)g |
| | 21350 | (data,)0 2569 y(but)c(only)f(on)g Fj(F)605 2521 y Fh(\015)591 |
| | 21351 | 2590 y Fl(2)682 2569 y Fw(data.)43 b(Here)33 b(follo)m(ws)f(a)g(brief)g |
| | 21352 | (summary)g(of)g(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)33 b(details.)146 2677 |
| | 21353 | y(Photons)i(ob)s(ey)f(a)g(set)h(of)e(inhomogeneous)h(ev)m(olution)f |
| | 21354 | (equations,)h(where)i(the)e(inhomogeneous)0 2785 y(term)j(is)f(induced) |
| | 21355 | i(b)m(y)g Fj(\015)j Fn(!)35 b Fw(q)p 1126 2732 52 4 v(q)j(branc)m |
| | 21356 | (hings.)58 b(The)38 b(solution)e(can)h(b)s(e)h(written)f(as)g(the)h |
| | 21357 | (sum)f(of)g(t)m(w)m(o)0 2894 y(terms,)862 3002 y Fj(f)921 |
| | 21358 | 2961 y Fh(\015)910 3027 y(a)965 3002 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 |
| | 21359 | b(Q)1179 2961 y Fl(2)1219 3002 y Fw(\))28 b(=)f Fj(f)1447 |
| | 21360 | 2961 y Fh(\015)t(;)p Fl(NP)1436 3027 y Fh(a)1612 3002 |
| | 21361 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1826 2961 y Fl(2)1866 3002 y Fw(;)g |
| | 21362 | Fj(Q)1987 2961 y Fl(2)1987 3027 y(0)2026 3002 y Fw(\))22 |
| | 21363 | b(+)g Fj(f)2243 2961 y Fh(\015)t(;)p Fl(PT)2232 3027 |
| | 21364 | y Fh(a)2406 3002 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)2620 2961 y Fl(2)2659 |
| | 21365 | 3002 y Fw(;)g Fj(Q)2780 2961 y Fl(2)2780 3027 y(0)2820 |
| | 21366 | 3002 y Fw(\))32 b Fj(;)689 b Fw(\(46\))0 3163 y(where)64 |
| | 21367 | b(the)g(former)e(term)h(is)g(a)g(solution)f(to)h(the)g(homogeneous)h |
| | 21368 | (ev)m(olution)e(with)h(a)g(\(non-)0 3272 y(p)s(erturbativ)m(e\))43 |
| | 21369 | b(input)g(at)f Fj(Q)j Fw(=)g Fj(Q)1329 3287 y Fl(0)1412 |
| | 21370 | 3272 y Fw(and)e(the)g(latter)f(is)g(a)h(solution)e(to)i(the)g(full)e |
| | 21371 | (inhomogeneous)0 3380 y(equation)33 b(with)f(b)s(oundary)h(condition)f |
| | 21372 | Fj(f)1548 3344 y Fh(\015)t(;)p Fl(PT)1537 3405 y Fh(a)1710 |
| | 21373 | 3380 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1924 3344 y Fl(2)1924 3405 |
| | 21374 | y(0)1964 3380 y Fw(;)g Fj(Q)2085 3344 y Fl(2)2085 3405 |
| | 21375 | y(0)2125 3380 y Fw(\))28 b Fn(\021)g Fw(0.)44 b(One)33 |
| | 21376 | b(p)s(ossible)g(ph)m(ysics)h(in)m(terpreta-)0 3488 y(tion)h(is)h(to)g |
| | 21377 | (let)f Fj(f)632 3452 y Fh(\015)t(;)p Fl(NP)621 3513 y |
| | 21378 | Fh(a)833 3488 y Fw(corresp)s(ond)i(to)f Fj(\015)j Fn($)33 |
| | 21379 | b Fj(V)58 b Fw(\015uctuations,)37 b(where)h Fj(V)55 b |
| | 21380 | Fw(=)34 b Fj(\032)2915 3452 y Fl(0)2955 3488 y Fj(;)17 |
| | 21381 | b(!)t(;)g(\036;)g(:)g(:)g(:)33 b Fw(is)j(a)g(set)h(of)0 |
| | 21382 | 3597 y(v)m(ector)i(mesons,)h(and)f(let)e Fj(f)1070 3561 |
| | 21383 | y Fh(\015)t(;)p Fl(PT)1059 3621 y Fh(a)1271 3597 y Fw(corresp)s(ond)i |
| | 21384 | (to)f(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)h(\(`anomalous'\))d Fj(\015)42 |
| | 21385 | b Fn($)37 b Fw(q)p 3364 3544 V(q)i(\015uctua-)0 3705 |
| | 21386 | y(tions.)57 b(The)38 b(discrete)g(sp)s(ectum)f(of)g(v)m(ector)h(mesons) |
| | 21387 | g(can)g(b)s(e)f(com)m(bined)g(with)g(the)g(con)m(tin)m(uous)h(\(in)0 |
| | 21388 | 3813 y(virtualit)m(y)31 b Fj(k)485 3777 y Fl(2)524 3813 |
| | 21389 | y Fw(\))i(sp)s(ectrum)g(of)f(q)p 1183 3760 V(q)h(\015uctuations,)g(to)f |
| | 21390 | (giv)m(e)245 4091 y Fj(f)304 4049 y Fh(\015)293 4115 |
| | 21391 | y(a)348 4091 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)562 4049 y Fl(2)602 |
| | 21392 | 4091 y Fw(\))27 b(=)771 4007 y Fg(X)802 4191 y Fh(V)917 |
| | 21393 | 4023 y Fw(4)p Fj(\031)t(\013)1087 4038 y Fl(em)p 917 |
| | 21394 | 4067 265 4 v 995 4159 a Fj(f)1054 4125 y Fl(2)1043 4183 |
| | 21395 | y Fh(V)1191 4091 y Fj(f)1250 4049 y Fh(\015)t(;V)1239 |
| | 21396 | 4115 y(a)1371 4091 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1585 4049 y |
| | 21397 | Fl(2)1625 4091 y Fw(\))22 b(+)1793 4023 y Fj(\013)1855 |
| | 21398 | 4038 y Fl(em)p 1793 4067 157 4 v 1817 4159 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1992 |
| | 21399 | 4007 y Fg(X)2034 4182 y Fl(q)2129 4091 y Fw(2)p Fj(e)2223 |
| | 21400 | 4049 y Fl(2)2223 4115 y(q)2297 3973 y Fg(Z)2380 4000 |
| | 21401 | y Fh(Q)2436 3976 y Ff(2)2344 4162 y Fh(Q)2400 4139 y |
| | 21402 | Ff(2)2400 4185 y(0)2501 4023 y Fw(d)p Fj(k)2609 3987 |
| | 21403 | y Fl(2)p 2501 4067 148 4 v 2528 4159 a Fj(k)2582 4130 |
| | 21404 | y Fl(2)2676 4091 y Fj(f)2735 4049 y Fh(\015)t(;)p Fl(q)p |
| | 21405 | 2832 4011 38 4 v(q)2724 4115 y Fh(a)2873 4091 y Fw(\()p |
| | 21406 | Fj(x;)17 b(Q)3087 4049 y Fl(2)3127 4091 y Fw(;)g Fj(k)3225 |
| | 21407 | 4049 y Fl(2)3264 4091 y Fw(\))32 b Fj(;)245 b Fw(\(47\))0 |
| | 21408 | 4390 y(where)34 b(eac)m(h)f(comp)s(onen)m(t)g Fj(f)1059 |
| | 21409 | 4354 y Fh(\015)t(;V)1212 4390 y Fw(and)g Fj(f)1461 4354 |
| | 21410 | y Fh(\015)t(;)p Fl(q)p 1558 4316 V(q)1631 4390 y Fw(ob)s(eys)h(a)e |
| | 21411 | (unit)g(momen)m(tum)f(sum)i(rule.)146 4499 y(In)f(sets)g(1)f(the)g |
| | 21412 | Fj(Q)779 4514 y Fl(0)850 4499 y Fw(scale)g(is)f(pic)m(k)m(ed)i(at)f(a)g |
| | 21413 | (lo)m(w)f(v)-5 b(alue,)31 b(0.6)g(GeV,)g(where)h(an)f(iden)m |
| | 21414 | (ti\014cation)f(of)g(the)0 4607 y(non-p)s(erturbativ)m(e)35 |
| | 21415 | b(comp)s(onen)m(t)f(with)g(a)g(set)i(of)e(lo)m(w-lying)e(mesons)j(app)s |
| | 21416 | (ear)f(natural,)g(while)g(sets)i(2)0 4715 y(use)30 b(a)e(higher)h(v)-5 |
| | 21417 | b(alue,)29 b(2)f(GeV,)h(where)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alidit)m(y)27 |
| | 21418 | b(of)h(p)s(erturbation)g(theory)i(is)e(b)s(etter)h(established.)0 |
| | 21419 | 4824 y(The)38 b(data)g(are)f(not)g(go)s(o)s(d)g(enough)h(to)f(allo)m(w) |
| | 21420 | f(a)h(precise)h(determination)e(of)h(\003)2973 4839 y |
| | 21421 | Fl(QCD)3137 4824 y Fw(.)58 b(Therefore)38 b(w)m(e)0 4946 |
| | 21422 | y(use)46 b(a)f(\014xed)i(v)-5 b(alue)44 b(\003)856 4910 |
| | 21423 | y Fl(\(4\))1000 4946 y Fw(=)49 b(200)44 b(MeV,)i(in)f(agreemen)m(t)g |
| | 21424 | (with)g(con)m(v)m(en)m(tional)g(results)h(for)f(proton)0 |
| | 21425 | 5054 y(distributions.)e(In)33 b(the)h(VMD)e(comp)s(onen)m(t)h(the)h |
| | 21426 | Fj(\032)1887 5018 y Fl(0)1959 5054 y Fw(and)f Fj(!)j |
| | 21427 | Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)f(b)s(een)e(added)h(coheren)m(tly)-8 b(,)34 |
| | 21428 | b(so)f(that)0 5163 y(u)p 54 5110 55 4 v(u)28 b(:)g(d)p |
| | 21429 | 245 5083 V(d)g(=)f(4)h(:)g(1)k(at)g Fj(Q)839 5178 y Fl(0)879 |
| | 21430 | 5163 y Fw(.)146 5271 y(Unlik)m(e)37 b(the)h(p,)h(the)e |
| | 21431 | Fj(\015)42 b Fw(has)c(a)f(direct)g(comp)s(onen)m(t)g(where)i(the)f |
| | 21432 | (photon)f(acts)h(as)f(an)g(unresolv)m(ed)0 5379 y(prob)s(e.)44 |
| | 21433 | b(In)33 b(the)g(de\014nition)e(of)h Fj(F)1223 5332 y |
| | 21434 | Fh(\015)1209 5401 y Fl(2)1300 5379 y Fw(this)g(adds)h(a)f(comp)s(onen)m |
| | 21435 | (t)h Fj(C)2375 5343 y Fh(\015)2419 5379 y Fw(,)g(sym)m(b)s(olically)801 |
| | 21436 | 5607 y Fj(F)878 5559 y Fh(\015)864 5628 y Fl(2)922 5607 |
| | 21437 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1136 5565 y Fl(2)1176 5607 y Fw(\))27 |
| | 21438 | b(=)1345 5524 y Fg(X)1386 5698 y Fl(q)1481 5607 y Fj(e)1526 |
| | 21439 | 5565 y Fl(2)1526 5631 y(q)1585 5510 y Fg(h)1624 5607 |
| | 21440 | y Fj(f)1683 5565 y Fh(\015)1672 5631 y Fl(q)1749 5607 |
| | 21441 | y Fw(+)22 b Fj(f)1906 5559 y Fh(\015)p 1895 5592 42 4 |
| | 21442 | v 1895 5631 a Fl(q)1950 5510 y Fg(i)2012 5607 y Fn(\012)g |
| | 21443 | Fj(C)2181 5622 y Fl(q)2244 5607 y Fw(+)h Fj(f)2402 5565 |
| | 21444 | y Fh(\015)2391 5631 y Fl(g)2468 5607 y Fn(\012)f Fj(C)2637 |
| | 21445 | 5622 y Fl(g)2700 5607 y Fw(+)g Fj(C)2875 5565 y Fh(\015)2952 |
| | 21446 | 5607 y Fj(:)627 b Fw(\(48\))1841 5953 y(88)p eop |
| | 21447 | %%Page: 89 95 |
| | 21448 | 89 94 bop 0 -18 a Fw(Since)33 b Fj(C)332 -55 y Fh(\015)404 |
| | 21449 | -18 y Fn(\021)c Fw(0)k(in)f(leading)f(order,)i(and)g(since)g(w)m(e)h |
| | 21450 | (sta)m(y)g(with)f(leading-order)d(\014ts,)k(it)e(is)g(p)s(ermissible)0 |
| | 21451 | 90 y(to)j(neglect)g(this)g(complication.)49 b(Numerically)-8 |
| | 21452 | b(,)33 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)39 b(it)34 b(mak)m(es)i(a)f(non-negligible)d |
| | 21453 | (di\013erence.)0 198 y(W)-8 b(e)27 b(therefore)f(mak)m(e)h(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 21454 | (kinds)f(of)g(\014ts,)i(one)e(DIS)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h(with)f |
| | 21455 | Fj(C)2400 162 y Fh(\015)2472 198 y Fw(=)i(0)e(and)g(one)p |
| | 21456 | 3007 120 144 4 v 27 w(MS)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h(including)0 307 |
| | 21457 | y(the)33 b(univ)m(ersal)f(part)h(of)f Fj(C)980 270 y |
| | 21458 | Fh(\015)1024 307 y Fw(.)146 415 y(When)47 b(jet)f(pro)s(duction)g(is)f |
| | 21459 | (studied)i(for)e(real)h(incoming)d(photons,)50 b(the)d(standard)f(ev)m |
| | 21460 | (olution)0 523 y(approac)m(h)31 b(is)g(reasonable)g(also)e(for)i(hea)m |
| | 21461 | (vy)h(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)h(i.e.)42 b(predominan)m(tly)30 |
| | 21462 | b(the)h(c,)h(but)f(with)g(a)f(lo)m(w)m(er)0 632 y(cut-o\013)36 |
| | 21463 | b Fj(Q)387 647 y Fl(0)462 632 y Fn(\031)f Fj(m)659 647 |
| | 21464 | y Fl(c)732 632 y Fw(for)h Fj(\015)k Fn(!)34 b Fw(c)p |
| | 21465 | 1153 579 44 4 v(c)q(.)56 b(Mo)m(ving)36 b(to)h(deep)h(inelastic)d |
| | 21466 | (scattering,)i(e)p Fj(\015)j Fn(!)35 b Fw(e)p Fj(X)8 |
| | 21467 | b Fw(,)38 b(there)f(is)g(an)0 740 y(extra)43 b(kinematical)c(constrain) |
| | 21468 | m(t:)63 b Fj(W)1416 704 y Fl(2)1500 740 y Fw(=)44 b Fj(Q)1697 |
| | 21469 | 704 y Fl(2)1736 740 y Fw(\(1)29 b Fn(\000)g Fj(x)p Fw(\))p |
| | 21470 | Fj(=x)45 b(>)f Fw(4)p Fj(m)2454 704 y Fl(2)2454 765 y(c)2493 |
| | 21471 | 740 y Fw(.)73 b(It)42 b(is)g(here)h(b)s(etter)g(to)f(use)h(the)0 |
| | 21472 | 848 y(`Bethe-Heitler')d(cross)i(section)f(for)f Fj(\015)1460 |
| | 21473 | 812 y Fk(\003)1499 848 y Fj(\015)47 b Fn(!)41 b Fw(c)p |
| | 21474 | 1781 795 V(c)q(.)68 b(Therefore)41 b(eac)m(h)h(distribution)d(app)s |
| | 21475 | (ears)i(in)f(t)m(w)m(o)0 957 y(v)-5 b(arian)m(ts.)42 |
| | 21476 | b(F)-8 b(or)27 b(applications)f(to)i(real)g Fj(\015)5 |
| | 21477 | b Fw('s)29 b(the)g(parton)f(distributions)f(are)h(calculated)f(as)i |
| | 21478 | (the)g(sum)f(of)0 1065 y(a)36 b(v)m(ector-meson)h(part)g(and)f(an)h |
| | 21479 | (anomalous)e(part)h(including)f(all)f(\014v)m(e)k(\015a)m(v)m(ours.)57 |
| | 21480 | b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(applications)0 1173 y(to)e(DIS,)h(the)h(sum)e(runs)i |
| | 21481 | (o)m(v)m(er)g(the)f(same)g(v)m(ector-meson)g(part,)h(an)e(anomalous)f |
| | 21482 | (part)i(and)g(p)s(ossibly)0 1282 y(a)d Fj(C)158 1245 |
| | 21483 | y Fh(\015)235 1282 y Fw(part)h(for)f(the)h(three)g(ligh)m(t)e(\015a)m |
| | 21484 | (v)m(ours,)j(and)e(a)h(Bethe-Heitler)f(part)g(for)g(c)h(and)g(b.)146 |
| | 21485 | 1390 y(In)43 b(addition)e(to)h(the)h(SaS)g(sets,)j Fm(Pythia)d |
| | 21486 | Fw(also)e(con)m(tains)i(the)g(Drees{Grassie)f(set)i(of)e(parton)0 |
| | 21487 | 1498 y(distributions)35 b([Dre85])i(and,)h(as)f(for)g(the)g(proton,)h |
| | 21488 | (there)f(is)g(an)g(in)m(terface)g(to)f(the)i Fm(Pdflib)f |
| | 21489 | Fw(library)0 1607 y([Plo93)o(].)42 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)31 |
| | 21490 | b(these)e(sets)g(do)e(not)h(allo)m(w)e(a)h(sub)s(division)g(of)g(the)h |
| | 21491 | (photon)g(parton)f(distributions)0 1715 y(in)m(to)f(one)g(VMD)g(part)h |
| | 21492 | (and)f(one)h(anomalous)d(part.)41 b(This)27 b(sub)s(division)e(is)h |
| | 21493 | (necessary)j(a)d(sophisticated)0 1823 y(mo)s(delling)36 |
| | 21494 | b(of)j Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)40 b(and)f Fj(\015)5 b(\015)45 |
| | 21495 | b Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)f(see)c(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(and)e(section)h(7.7.2.)64 |
| | 21496 | b(As)40 b(an)f(alternativ)m(e,)i(for)e(the)0 1932 y(VMD)33 |
| | 21497 | b(part)f(alone,)g(the)h Fj(\032)981 1896 y Fl(0)1053 |
| | 21498 | 1932 y Fw(parton)f(distribution)f(can)i(b)s(e)g(found)f(from)g(the)h |
| | 21499 | (assumed)g(equalit)m(y)1294 2191 y Fj(f)1353 2143 y Fh(\032)1389 |
| | 21500 | 2120 y Ff(0)1342 2213 y Fh(i)1455 2191 y Fw(=)28 b Fj(f)1618 |
| | 21501 | 2149 y Fh(\031)1661 2126 y Ff(0)1607 2215 y Fh(i)1727 |
| | 21502 | 2191 y Fw(=)1840 2123 y(1)p 1840 2167 49 4 v 1840 2259 |
| | 21503 | a(2)1916 2191 y(\()p Fj(f)2013 2149 y Fh(\031)2056 2126 |
| | 21504 | y Ff(+)2002 2215 y Fh(i)2132 2191 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(f)2289 |
| | 21505 | 2149 y Fh(\031)2332 2126 y Fd(\000)2278 2215 y Fh(i)2388 |
| | 21506 | 2191 y Fw(\))33 b Fj(:)1120 b Fw(\(49\))0 2446 y(Th)m(us)33 |
| | 21507 | b(an)m(y)f Fj(\031)488 2410 y Fl(+)578 2446 y Fw(parton)f(distribution) |
| | 21508 | e(set,)j(from)e(an)m(y)i(library)-8 b(,)30 b(can)h(b)s(e)g(turned)h(in) |
| | 21509 | m(to)f(a)g(VMD)g Fj(\032)3562 2410 y Fl(0)3633 2446 y |
| | 21510 | Fw(set.)0 2554 y(The)39 b Fj(!)j Fw(parton)c(distribution)f(is)h |
| | 21511 | (assumed)h(the)g(same,)h(while)e(the)h Fj(\036)f Fw(and)g(J)p |
| | 21512 | Fj(= )43 b Fw(ones)c(are)g(handled)0 2681 y(in)d(the)g(v)m(ery)i(crude) |
| | 21513 | f(appro)m(ximation)d Fj(f)1489 2633 y Fh(\036)1478 2706 |
| | 21514 | y Fl(s)p Fh(;)p Fl(v)l(al)1652 2681 y Fw(=)g Fj(f)1821 |
| | 21515 | 2645 y Fh(\031)1864 2621 y Ff(+)1810 2705 y Fl(u)p Fh(;)p |
| | 21516 | Fl(v)l(al)1998 2681 y Fw(and)i Fj(f)2250 2645 y Fh(\036)2239 |
| | 21517 | 2705 y Fl(sea)2372 2681 y Fw(=)e Fj(f)2541 2645 y Fh(\031)2584 |
| | 21518 | 2621 y Ff(+)2530 2705 y Fl(sea)2638 2681 y Fw(.)55 b(therefore)37 |
| | 21519 | b(is)f(default.)54 b(The)0 2789 y(VMD)36 b(part)g(needs)i(to)e(b)s(e)g |
| | 21520 | (complemen)m(ted)g(b)m(y)h(an)f(anomalous)e(part)i(to)g(mak)m(e)h(upp)f |
| | 21521 | (a)g(full)e(photon)0 2897 y(distribution.)69 b(The)43 |
| | 21522 | b(latter)e(is)g(fully)g(p)s(erturbativ)m(ely)g(calculable,)i(giv)m(en)f |
| | 21523 | (the)g(lo)m(w)m(er)g(cut-o\013)f(scale)0 3006 y Fj(Q)77 |
| | 21524 | 3021 y Fl(0)117 3006 y Fw(.)h(The)32 b(SaS)e(parametrization)e(of)i |
| | 21525 | (the)h(anomalous)d(part)i(is)g(therefore)h(used)h(throughout)e(for)g |
| | 21526 | (this)0 3114 y(purp)s(ose.)44 b(The)34 b Fj(Q)682 3129 |
| | 21527 | y Fl(0)754 3114 y Fw(scale)f(can)f(b)s(e)h(set)h(freely)e(in)g(the)h |
| | 21528 | Fq(PARP\(15\))i Fw(parameter.)146 3222 y(The)46 b Fj(f)418 |
| | 21529 | 3175 y Fh(\015)t(;)p Fl(anom)407 3245 y Fh(i)695 3222 |
| | 21530 | y Fw(distribution)d(can)i(b)s(e)g(further)g(decomp)s(osed,)k(b)m(y)d |
| | 21531 | (the)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(and)f(the)g Fj(p)3597 3237 y |
| | 21532 | Fk(?)3701 3222 y Fw(of)0 3331 y(the)40 b(original)c(branc)m(hing)j |
| | 21533 | Fj(\015)44 b Fn(!)38 b Fw(q)p 1277 3278 52 4 v(q)q(.)64 |
| | 21534 | b(The)40 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(is)f(distributed)g(according)f(to)h |
| | 21535 | (squared)i(c)m(harge)0 3439 y(\(plus)32 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(thresholds) |
| | 21536 | g(for)f(hea)m(vy)i(\015a)m(v)m(ours\))f(and)g(the)f Fj(p)2265 |
| | 21537 | 3454 y Fk(?)2357 3439 y Fw(according)f(to)h(d)p Fj(p)3017 |
| | 21538 | 3403 y Fl(2)3017 3464 y Fk(?)3076 3439 y Fj(=p)3174 3403 |
| | 21539 | y Fl(2)3174 3464 y Fk(?)3265 3439 y Fw(in)g(the)g(range)0 |
| | 21540 | 3547 y Fj(Q)77 3562 y Fl(0)160 3547 y Fj(<)44 b(p)329 |
| | 21541 | 3562 y Fk(?)431 3547 y Fj(<)g(Q)p Fw(.)71 b(A)m(t)43 |
| | 21542 | b(the)f(branc)m(hing)g(scale,)i(the)e(photon)g(only)g(consists)g(of)g |
| | 21543 | (a)f(q)p 3159 3495 V(q)i(pair,)h(with)d Fj(x)0 3656 y |
| | 21544 | Fw(distribution)34 b Fn(/)h Fj(x)702 3620 y Fl(2)766 |
| | 21545 | 3656 y Fw(+)25 b(\(1)f Fn(\000)h Fj(x)p Fw(\))1173 3620 |
| | 21546 | y Fl(2)1213 3656 y Fw(.)54 b(A)37 b(comp)s(onen)m(t)f |
| | 21547 | Fj(f)1965 3620 y Fh(\015)t(;)p Fl(q)p 2062 3581 38 4 |
| | 21548 | v(q)1954 3680 y Fh(a)2103 3656 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)2317 |
| | 21549 | 3620 y Fl(2)2357 3656 y Fw(;)g Fj(k)2455 3620 y Fl(2)2494 |
| | 21550 | 3656 y Fw(\),)37 b(c)m(haracterized)g(b)m(y)g(its)f Fj(k)h |
| | 21551 | Fn(\031)e Fj(p)3721 3671 y Fk(?)0 3764 y Fw(and)40 b(\015a)m(v)m(our,)i |
| | 21552 | (then)e(is)f(ev)m(olv)m(ed)i(homogeneously)e(from)g Fj(p)2212 |
| | 21553 | 3779 y Fk(?)2310 3764 y Fw(to)g Fj(Q)p Fw(.)65 b(F)-8 |
| | 21554 | b(or)39 b(theoretical)f(studies)i(it)f(is)0 3872 y(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t) |
| | 21555 | 33 b(to)e(b)s(e)g(able)f(to)h(access)i(a)e(sp)s(eci\014c)h(comp)s(onen) |
| | 21556 | m(t)f(of)f(this)h(kind.)43 b(Therefore)32 b(also)f(leading-)0 |
| | 21557 | 3981 y(order)i(parametrizations)d(of)i(these)i(decomp)s(osed)f |
| | 21558 | (distributions)e(are)i(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b([Sc)m(h95)q(].)0 |
| | 21559 | 4229 y Fo(7.1.3)112 b(Leptons)0 4401 y Fw(Con)m(trary)40 |
| | 21560 | b(to)g(the)g(hadron)f(case,)k(there)d(is)f(no)h(necessit)m(y)h(to)e(in) |
| | 21561 | m(tro)s(duce)h(the)g(parton-distribution)0 4510 y(function)g(concept)h |
| | 21562 | (for)f(leptons.)67 b(A)41 b(lepton)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(considered)h(as)g(a) |
| | 21563 | f(p)s(oin)m(t-lik)m(e)f(particle,)i(with)0 4618 y(initial-state)i |
| | 21564 | (radiation)i(handled)i(b)m(y)g(higher-order)f(matrix)g(elemen)m(ts.)87 |
| | 21565 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)52 b(the)c(parton)0 4726 y(distribution)27 |
| | 21566 | b(function)i(approac)m(h)h(o\013ers)f(a)g(sligh)m(tly)f(simpli\014ed)f |
| | 21567 | (but)j(v)m(ery)h(economical)c(description)0 4835 y(of)41 |
| | 21568 | b(initial-state)c(radiation)i(e\013ects)k(for)e(an)m(y)h(hard)f(pro)s |
| | 21569 | (cess,)k(also)c(those)h(for)e(whic)m(h)i(higher-order)0 |
| | 21570 | 4943 y(corrections)33 b(are)f(not)h(y)m(et)g(calculated.)146 |
| | 21571 | 5051 y(P)m(arton)40 b(distributions)f(for)g(electrons)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b) |
| | 21572 | s(een)e(in)m(tro)s(duced)g(in)f Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)j(but)e(not)g(y)m(et)h |
| | 21573 | (for)0 5160 y(m)m(uons,)28 b(i.e.)41 b(curren)m(tly)28 |
| | 21574 | b Fj(f)966 5124 y Fh(\026)955 5184 y(\026)1012 5160 y |
| | 21575 | Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1226 5124 y Fl(2)1266 5160 y Fw(\))27 |
| | 21576 | b(=)h Fj(\016)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)10 b Fn(\000)g Fw(1\).)42 |
| | 21577 | b(Also)26 b(for)g(the)i(electron)e(one)h(is)f(free)i(to)e(use)i(a)e |
| | 21578 | (simple)0 5284 y(`unresolv)m(ed')34 b(e,)f Fj(f)699 5248 |
| | 21579 | y Fl(e)688 5309 y(e)734 5284 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)948 |
| | 21580 | 5248 y Fl(2)988 5284 y Fw(\))28 b(=)f Fj(\016)t Fw(\()p |
| | 21581 | Fj(x)c Fn(\000)f Fw(1\),)33 b(where)g(the)g(e)g(retains)g(the)g(full)d |
| | 21582 | (original)g(momen)m(tum.)146 5393 y(Electron)f(parton)g(distributions)e |
| | 21583 | (are)i(calculable)e(en)m(tirely)i(from)e(\014rst)j(principles,)e(but)h |
| | 21584 | (di\013eren)m(t)0 5501 y(lev)m(els)39 b(of)f(appro)m(ximation)f(ma)m(y) |
| | 21585 | i(b)s(e)g(used.)64 b(The)40 b(parton-distribution)c(form)m(ulae)h(in)h |
| | 21586 | Fm(Pythia)h Fw(are)0 5610 y(based)d(on)f(a)g(next-to-leading-order)e |
| | 21587 | (exp)s(onen)m(tiated)j(description,)g(see)g(ref.)52 b([Kle89)o(],)36 |
| | 21588 | b(p.)52 b(34.)f(The)1841 5953 y(89)p eop |
| | 21589 | %%Page: 90 96 |
| | 21590 | 90 95 bop 0 -18 a Fw(appro)m(ximate)32 b(b)s(eha)m(viour)g(is)1380 |
| | 21591 | 235 y Fj(f)1439 194 y Fl(e)1428 259 y(e)1474 235 y Fw(\()p |
| | 21592 | Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1688 194 y Fl(2)1728 235 y Fw(\))28 b Fn(\031)1909 |
| | 21593 | 167 y Fj(\014)p 1909 212 61 4 v 1915 303 a Fw(2)1979 |
| | 21594 | 235 y(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(x)p Fw(\))2281 194 y Fh(\014)s(=)p |
| | 21595 | Fl(2)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2522 235 y Fw(;)1380 486 y Fj(\014)33 |
| | 21596 | b Fw(=)1582 418 y(2)p Fj(\013)1693 433 y Fl(em)p 1582 |
| | 21597 | 463 206 4 v 1655 554 a Fj(\031)1814 340 y Fg( )1879 486 |
| | 21598 | y Fw(ln)1991 418 y Fj(Q)2068 382 y Fl(2)p 1987 463 125 |
| | 21599 | 4 v 1987 554 a Fj(m)2072 525 y Fl(2)2072 579 y(e)2144 |
| | 21600 | 486 y Fn(\000)23 b Fw(1)2293 340 y Fg(!)2407 486 y Fj(:)1172 |
| | 21601 | b Fw(\(50\))0 752 y(The)32 b(form)e(is)g(div)m(ergen)m(t)i(but)g(in)m |
| | 21602 | (tegrable)e(for)g Fj(x)e Fn(!)g Fw(1,)j(i.e.)42 b(the)32 |
| | 21603 | b(electron)f(lik)m(es)g(to)f(k)m(eep)j(most)d(of)h(the)0 |
| | 21604 | 860 y(energy)-8 b(.)47 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(handle)g(the)h(n)m(umerical)e |
| | 21605 | (precision)h(problems)f(for)h Fj(x)h Fw(v)m(ery)h(close)e(to)g(unit)m |
| | 21606 | (y)-8 b(,)34 b(the)g(parton)0 969 y(distribution)25 b(is)h(set,)j(b)m |
| | 21607 | (y)f(hand,)g(to)f(zero)g(for)f Fj(x)j(>)e Fw(0)p Fj(:)p |
| | 21608 | Fw(999999,)g(and)g(is)f(rescaled)h(up)m(w)m(ards)i(in)d(the)h(range)0 |
| | 21609 | 1077 y(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(9999)g Fj(<)g(x)h(<)g Fw(0)p Fj(:)p |
| | 21610 | Fw(999999,)h(in)h(suc)m(h)h(a)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(that)e(the)g(total)f(area)h |
| | 21611 | (under)h(the)g(parton)f(distribution)e(is)0 1185 y(preserv)m(ed:)479 |
| | 21612 | 1493 y Fg(\020)529 1589 y Fj(f)588 1548 y Fl(e)577 1614 |
| | 21613 | y(e)623 1589 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)837 1548 y Fl(2)877 |
| | 21614 | 1589 y Fw(\))915 1493 y Fg(\021)964 1643 y Fl(mo)r(d)1131 |
| | 21615 | 1589 y Fw(=)1235 1315 y Fg(8)1235 1390 y(>)1235 1415 |
| | 21616 | y(>)1235 1440 y(>)1235 1465 y(>)1235 1489 y(<)1235 1639 |
| | 21617 | y(>)1235 1664 y(>)1235 1689 y(>)1235 1714 y(>)1235 1739 |
| | 21618 | y(:)1350 1381 y Fj(f)1409 1345 y Fl(e)1398 1406 y(e)1444 |
| | 21619 | 1381 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)g(Q)1658 1345 y Fl(2)1698 1381 y |
| | 21620 | Fw(\))554 b(0)28 b Fn(\024)g Fj(x)g Fn(\024)g Fw(0)p |
| | 21621 | Fj(:)p Fw(9999)1445 1552 y(100)1592 1511 y Fh(\014)s(=)p |
| | 21622 | Fl(2)p 1360 1568 435 4 v 1360 1662 a Fw(100)1507 1621 |
| | 21623 | y Fh(\014)s(=)p Fl(2)1646 1662 y Fn(\000)23 b Fw(1)1821 |
| | 21624 | 1591 y Fj(f)1880 1555 y Fl(e)1869 1616 y(e)1915 1591 |
| | 21625 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)2129 1555 y Fl(2)2169 1591 y Fw(\))83 |
| | 21626 | b(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(9999)27 b Fj(<)g(x)h Fn(\024)h Fw(0)p |
| | 21627 | Fj(:)p Fw(999999)1350 1794 y(0)891 b Fj(x)28 b(>)g Fw(0)p |
| | 21628 | Fj(:)p Fw(999999)47 b Fj(:)3606 1589 y Fw(\(51\))146 |
| | 21629 | 1993 y(The)h(branc)m(hings)f(e)52 b Fn(!)f Fw(e)p Fj(\015)5 |
| | 21630 | b Fw(,)51 b(whic)m(h)c(are)g(resp)s(onsible)f(for)g(the)h(softening)g |
| | 21631 | (of)f(the)h Fj(f)3416 1957 y Fl(e)3405 2017 y(e)3498 |
| | 21632 | 1993 y Fw(parton)0 2101 y(distribution,)26 b(also)h(giv)m(es)g(rise)g |
| | 21633 | (to)g(a)g(\015o)m(w)h(of)f(photons.)42 b(In)28 b(photon-induced)f(hard) |
| | 21634 | g(pro)s(cesses,)k(the)c Fj(f)3744 2065 y Fl(e)3733 2126 |
| | 21635 | y Fh(\015)0 2210 y Fw(parton)34 b(distribution)e(can)j(b)s(e)f(used)h |
| | 21636 | (to)f(describ)s(e)h(the)g(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)34 b(\015o)m(w)h(of)e |
| | 21637 | (photons.)49 b(The)35 b(form)m(ula)0 2318 y(used)g(in)e(the)h(program)f |
| | 21638 | (is)g(the)h(simple)e(\014rst-order)i(expression.)49 b(There)35 |
| | 21639 | b(is)e(some)h(am)m(biguit)m(y)e(in)h(the)0 2426 y(c)m(hoice)d(of)f |
| | 21640 | Fj(Q)472 2390 y Fl(2)542 2426 y Fw(range)g(o)m(v)m(er)i(whic)m(h)f |
| | 21641 | (emissions)f(should)h(b)s(e)f(included.)43 b(The)30 b(na)-11 |
| | 21642 | b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)30 b(\(default\))f(c)m(hoice)h(is)1028 |
| | 21643 | 2698 y Fj(f)1087 2657 y Fl(e)1076 2723 y Fh(\015)1122 |
| | 21644 | 2698 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1336 2657 y Fl(2)1376 2698 |
| | 21645 | y Fw(\))28 b(=)1555 2631 y Fj(\013)1617 2646 y Fl(em)p |
| | 21646 | 1555 2675 157 4 v 1579 2766 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1748 2631 |
| | 21647 | y Fw(1)22 b(+)g(\(1)g Fn(\000)g Fj(x)p Fw(\))2218 2594 |
| | 21648 | y Fl(2)p 1748 2675 511 4 v 1975 2766 a Fj(x)2301 2698 |
| | 21649 | y Fw(ln)2399 2552 y Fg( )2479 2631 y Fj(Q)2556 2594 y |
| | 21650 | Fl(2)p 2475 2675 125 4 v 2475 2766 a Fj(m)2560 2738 y |
| | 21651 | Fl(2)2560 2791 y(e)2610 2552 y Fg(!)2724 2698 y Fj(:)855 |
| | 21652 | b Fw(\(52\))0 2964 y(Here)49 b(it)e(is)h(assumed)h(that)f(only)g(one)h |
| | 21653 | (scale)f(en)m(ters)i(the)f(problem,)i(namely)d(that)g(of)g(the)g(hard)0 |
| | 21654 | 3072 y(in)m(teraction,)40 b(and)g(that)f(the)h(scale)g(of)f(the)h |
| | 21655 | (branc)m(hing)f(e)h Fn(!)g Fw(e)p Fj(\015)k Fw(is)c(b)s(ounded)g(from)e |
| | 21656 | (ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(b)m(y)f(the)0 3181 y(hard)47 b(in)m(teraction)f |
| | 21657 | (scale.)87 b(F)-8 b(or)46 b(a)g(pure)i(QCD)f(or)f(pure)i(QED)f(sho)m(w) |
| | 21658 | m(er)h(this)f(is)f(an)h(appropriate)0 3289 y(pro)s(cedure,)34 |
| | 21659 | b(cf.)44 b(section)33 b(10.1.3,)f(but)h(in)f(other)h(cases)h(it)e(ma)m |
| | 21660 | (y)g(not)h(b)s(e)g(optimal.)41 b(In)33 b(particular,)e(for)0 |
| | 21661 | 3398 y(photopro)s(duction)h(the)h(alternativ)m(e)f(that)g(is)g |
| | 21662 | (probably)g(most)g(appropriate)g(is)g([Ali88)n(]:)833 |
| | 21663 | 3669 y Fj(f)892 3628 y Fl(e)881 3694 y Fh(\015)927 3669 |
| | 21664 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1141 3628 y Fl(2)1181 3669 y Fw(\))28 |
| | 21665 | b(=)1360 3602 y Fj(\013)1422 3617 y Fl(em)p 1360 3646 |
| | 21666 | 157 4 v 1384 3738 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1553 3602 y Fw(1)22 |
| | 21667 | b(+)g(\(1)g Fn(\000)g Fj(x)p Fw(\))2023 3566 y Fl(2)p |
| | 21668 | 1553 3646 511 4 v 1780 3738 a Fj(x)2106 3669 y Fw(ln)2204 |
| | 21669 | 3523 y Fg( )2280 3602 y Fj(Q)2357 3566 y Fl(2)2357 3626 |
| | 21670 | y(max)2493 3602 y Fw(\(1)g Fn(\000)g Fj(x)p Fw(\))p 2280 |
| | 21671 | 3646 515 4 v 2419 3738 a Fj(m)2504 3709 y Fl(2)2504 3762 |
| | 21672 | y(e)2561 3738 y Fj(x)2616 3709 y Fl(2)2805 3523 y Fg(!)2919 |
| | 21673 | 3669 y Fj(:)660 b Fw(\(53\))0 3945 y(Here)46 b Fj(Q)320 |
| | 21674 | 3909 y Fl(2)320 3970 y(max)500 3945 y Fw(is)e(a)h(user-de\014ned)i(cut) |
| | 21675 | e(for)f(the)h(range)g(of)g(scattered)h(electron)f(kinematics)e(that)i |
| | 21676 | (is)0 4054 y(coun)m(ted)d(as)g(photopro)s(duction.)68 |
| | 21677 | b(Note)41 b(that)g(w)m(e)h(no)m(w)g(deal)f(with)f(t)m(w)m(o)i |
| | 21678 | (di\013eren)m(t)g Fj(Q)3243 4017 y Fl(2)3323 4054 y Fw(scales,)i(one)0 |
| | 21679 | 4162 y(related)38 b(to)g(the)g(hard)g(subpro)s(cess)j(itself,)d(whic)m |
| | 21680 | (h)h(app)s(ears)f(as)h(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(of)g(the)g(parton)g(dis-)0 |
| | 21681 | 4270 y(tribution,)43 b(and)g(the)f(other)h(related)f(to)g(the)h |
| | 21682 | (scattering)f(of)g(the)h(electron,)h(whic)m(h)f(is)f(re\015ected)i(in)0 |
| | 21683 | 4379 y Fj(Q)77 4342 y Fl(2)77 4403 y(max)213 4379 y Fw(.)146 |
| | 21684 | 4487 y(In)29 b(resolv)m(ed)f(photopro)s(duction)f(or)h(resolv)m(ed)h |
| | 21685 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)33 b Fw(in)m(teractions,)28 b(one)g(has)g(to)g |
| | 21686 | (include)f(the)i(parton)0 4595 y(distributions)36 b(for)h(quarks)j(and) |
| | 21687 | d(gluons)h(inside)f(the)h(photon)g(inside)f(the)h(electron.)59 |
| | 21688 | b(There)39 b(are)f(no)0 4704 y(published)33 b(sets)i(where)g(results)f |
| | 21689 | (are)f(directly)g(presen)m(ted)j(in)c(terms)i(of)f(quark)h(and)f(gluon) |
| | 21690 | g(distribu-)0 4812 y(tions)h(inside)g(the)h(electron.)49 |
| | 21691 | b(In)35 b(the)g(program,)f(the)h Fj(f)2045 4776 y Fl(e)2034 |
| | 21692 | 4837 y(q)p Fh(;)p Fl(g)2166 4812 y Fw(are)f(therefore)h(obtained)f(b)m |
| | 21693 | (y)i(a)e(n)m(umerical)0 4920 y(con)m(v)m(olution)e(according)g(to)902 |
| | 21694 | 5186 y Fj(f)961 5145 y Fl(e)950 5211 y(q)p Fh(;)p Fl(g)1048 |
| | 21695 | 5186 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1262 5145 y Fl(2)1302 5186 |
| | 21696 | y Fw(\))27 b(=)1471 5069 y Fg(Z)1554 5096 y Fl(1)1517 |
| | 21697 | 5258 y Fh(x)1620 5119 y Fj(dx)1726 5134 y Fh(\015)p 1620 |
| | 21698 | 5163 151 4 v 1645 5255 a Fj(x)1700 5270 y Fh(\015)1797 |
| | 21699 | 5186 y Fj(f)1856 5145 y Fl(e)1845 5211 y Fh(\015)1891 |
| | 21700 | 5186 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1984 5201 y Fh(\015)2029 5186 y Fj(;)17 |
| | 21701 | b(Q)2150 5145 y Fl(2)2189 5186 y Fw(\))g Fj(f)2303 5145 |
| | 21702 | y Fh(\015)2292 5211 y Fl(q)p Fh(;)p Fl(g)2389 5040 y |
| | 21703 | Fg( )2487 5119 y Fj(x)p 2465 5163 100 4 v 2465 5255 a(x)2520 |
| | 21704 | 5270 y Fh(\015)2575 5186 y Fj(;)g(Q)2696 5145 y Fl(2)2735 |
| | 21705 | 5040 y Fg(!)2850 5186 y Fj(;)729 b Fw(\(54\))0 5453 y(with)38 |
| | 21706 | b Fj(f)287 5416 y Fl(e)276 5477 y Fh(\015)360 5453 y |
| | 21707 | Fw(as)h(discussed)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)61 b(The)39 b(necessit)m(y)i(for)c |
| | 21708 | (n)m(umerical)g(con)m(v)m(olution)h(mak)m(es)h(this)f(parton)0 |
| | 21709 | 5561 y(distribution)c(ev)-5 b(aluation)34 b(rather)i(slo)m(w)g |
| | 21710 | (compared)g(with)f(the)h(others;)j(one)d(should)g(therefore)g(only)0 |
| | 21711 | 5669 y(ha)m(v)m(e)e(it)d(switc)m(hed)j(on)f(for)f(resolv)m(ed)h |
| | 21712 | (photopro)s(duction)f(studies.)1841 5953 y(90)p eop |
| | 21713 | %%Page: 91 97 |
| | 21714 | 91 96 bop 146 -18 a Fw(One)32 b(can)f(obtain)e(the)j(p)s(ositron)e |
| | 21715 | (distribution)e(inside)j(an)f(electron,)i(whic)m(h)f(is)f(also)g(the)i |
| | 21716 | (electron)0 90 y(sea)38 b(parton)f(distribution,)f(b)m(y)i(a)f(con)m(v) |
| | 21717 | m(olution)f(of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(branc)m(hings)g(e)e |
| | 21718 | Fn(!)f Fw(e)p Fj(\015)42 b Fw(and)37 b Fj(\015)k Fn(!)35 |
| | 21719 | b Fw(e)3591 54 y Fl(+)3650 90 y Fw(e)3693 54 y Fk(\000)3752 |
| | 21720 | 90 y Fw(;)0 198 y(the)e(result)g(is)f([Che75])201 497 |
| | 21721 | y Fj(f)260 456 y Fl(e)291 432 y Fd(\000)249 522 y Fl(e)280 |
| | 21722 | 503 y Ff(+)347 497 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)561 456 y Fl(2)601 |
| | 21723 | 497 y Fw(\))28 b(=)780 430 y(1)p 780 474 49 4 v 780 565 |
| | 21724 | a(2)872 351 y Fg(\()949 430 y Fj(\013)1011 445 y Fl(em)p |
| | 21725 | 949 474 157 4 v 973 565 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1149 351 y Fg( )1214 |
| | 21726 | 497 y Fw(ln)1326 430 y Fj(Q)1403 393 y Fl(2)p 1322 474 |
| | 21727 | 125 4 v 1322 565 a Fj(m)1407 537 y Fl(2)1407 590 y(e)1479 |
| | 21728 | 497 y Fn(\000)23 b Fw(1)1628 351 y Fg(!)o(\))1760 374 |
| | 21729 | y Fl(2)1846 430 y Fw(1)p 1843 474 56 4 v 1843 565 a Fj(x)1941 |
| | 21730 | 376 y Fg(\022)2012 430 y Fw(4)p 2012 474 49 4 v 2012 |
| | 21731 | 565 a(3)2093 497 y Fn(\000)g Fj(x)2248 456 y Fl(2)2310 |
| | 21732 | 497 y Fn(\000)2420 430 y Fw(4)p 2420 474 V 2420 565 a(3)2478 |
| | 21733 | 497 y Fj(x)2533 456 y Fl(3)2595 497 y Fw(+)f(2)p Fj(x)p |
| | 21734 | Fw(\(1)g(+)g Fj(x)p Fw(\))17 b(ln)f Fj(x)3267 376 y Fg(\023)3378 |
| | 21735 | 497 y Fj(:)201 b Fw(\(55\))146 781 y(Finally)-8 b(,)30 |
| | 21736 | b(the)j(program)e(also)g(con)m(tains)h(the)h(distribution)e(of)g(a)i |
| | 21737 | (transv)m(erse)h(W)3086 745 y Fk(\000)3178 781 y Fw(inside)e(an)g |
| | 21738 | (elec-)0 889 y(tron)715 1047 y Fj(f)774 1006 y Fl(e)763 |
| | 21739 | 1072 y(W)841 1047 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1055 1006 y |
| | 21740 | Fl(2)1095 1047 y Fw(\))27 b(=)1274 980 y Fj(\013)1336 |
| | 21741 | 995 y Fl(em)p 1274 1024 157 4 v 1298 1115 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1617 |
| | 21742 | 980 y Fw(1)p 1467 1024 351 4 v 1467 1116 a(4)17 b(sin)1652 |
| | 21743 | 1076 y Fl(2)1691 1116 y Fj(\022)1736 1131 y Fh(W)1854 |
| | 21744 | 980 y Fw(1)22 b(+)g(\(1)f Fn(\000)i Fj(x)p Fw(\))2324 |
| | 21745 | 943 y Fl(2)p 1854 1024 511 4 v 2081 1115 a Fj(x)2407 |
| | 21746 | 1047 y Fw(ln)2505 901 y Fg( )2571 1047 y Fw(1)f(+)2773 |
| | 21747 | 980 y Fj(Q)2850 943 y Fl(2)p 2750 1024 163 4 v 2750 1115 |
| | 21748 | a Fj(m)2835 1081 y Fl(2)2835 1140 y(W)2922 901 y Fg(!)3037 |
| | 21749 | 1047 y Fj(:)542 b Fw(\(56\))0 1377 y Fp(7.2)135 b(Kinematics)47 |
| | 21750 | b(and)e(Cross)g(section)g(for)h(a)f Fs(2)32 b Fc(!)h |
| | 21751 | Fs(2)45 b Fp(Pro)t(cess)0 1550 y Fw(In)33 b(this)e(section)i(w)m(e)g(b) |
| | 21752 | s(egin)e(the)i(description)f(of)f(kinematics)g(selection)h(and)h |
| | 21753 | (cross-section)f(calcula-)0 1658 y(tion.)45 b(The)34 |
| | 21754 | b(example)f(is)g(for)f(the)i(case)g(of)f(a)g(2)c Fn(!)f |
| | 21755 | Fw(2)33 b(pro)s(cess,)i(with)e(\014nal-state)g(masses)h(assumed)g(to)0 |
| | 21756 | 1767 y(b)s(e)f(v)-5 b(anishing.)42 b(Later)33 b(on)f(w)m(e)i(will)c |
| | 21757 | (expand)k(to)e(\014nite)g(\014xed)i(masses,)f(and)g(to)f(resonances.) |
| | 21758 | 146 1875 y(Consider)39 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(incoming)c(b)s(eam)j(particles)f |
| | 21759 | (in)g(their)h(c.m.)59 b(frame,)39 b(eac)m(h)g(with)e(energy)i |
| | 21760 | Fj(E)3581 1890 y Fl(b)r(eam)3752 1875 y Fw(.)0 1983 y(The)46 |
| | 21761 | b(total)e(squared)j(c.m.)81 b(energy)47 b(is)e(then)h |
| | 21762 | Fj(s)j Fw(=)g(4)p Fj(E)2111 1947 y Fl(2)2105 2008 y(b)r(eam)2276 |
| | 21763 | 1983 y Fw(.)82 b(The)46 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(partons)g(that)f(en)m(ter)h(the)0 |
| | 21764 | 2092 y(hard)37 b(in)m(teraction)f(do)i(not)f(carry)g(the)h(total)e(b)s |
| | 21765 | (eam)g(momen)m(tum,)h(but)h(only)f(fractions)f Fj(x)3386 |
| | 21766 | 2107 y Fl(1)3463 2092 y Fw(and)i Fj(x)3713 2107 y Fl(2)3752 |
| | 21767 | 2092 y Fw(,)0 2200 y(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)34 b(i.e.)43 |
| | 21768 | b(they)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(four-momen)m(ta)1287 2408 y |
| | 21769 | Fj(p)1336 2423 y Fl(1)1459 2408 y Fw(=)83 b Fj(E)1690 |
| | 21770 | 2423 y Fl(b)r(eam)1861 2408 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1954 2423 |
| | 21771 | y Fl(1)1994 2408 y Fw(;)17 b(0)p Fj(;)g Fw(0)p Fj(;)g(x)2279 |
| | 21772 | 2423 y Fl(1)2317 2408 y Fw(\))33 b Fj(;)1287 2541 y(p)1336 |
| | 21773 | 2556 y Fl(2)1459 2541 y Fw(=)83 b Fj(E)1690 2556 y Fl(b)r(eam)1861 |
| | 21774 | 2541 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1954 2556 y Fl(2)1994 2541 y Fw(;)17 |
| | 21775 | b(0)p Fj(;)g Fw(0)p Fj(;)g Fn(\000)p Fj(x)2356 2556 y |
| | 21776 | Fl(2)2395 2541 y Fw(\))32 b Fj(:)1114 b Fw(\(57\))0 2749 |
| | 21777 | y(There)37 b(is)d(no)i(reason)f(to)g(put)h(the)g(incoming)d(partons)i |
| | 21778 | (on)h(the)f(mass)h(shell,)f(i.e.)51 b(to)35 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(time-lik)m |
| | 21779 | (e)0 2858 y(incoming)d(four-v)m(ectors,)j(since)g(partons)f(inside)f(a) |
| | 21780 | h(particle)f(are)h(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(virtual)f(and)h(th)m(us)h(space-)0 |
| | 21781 | 2966 y(lik)m(e.)42 b(These)31 b(space-lik)m(e)e(virtualities)e(are)i |
| | 21782 | (in)m(tro)s(duced)h(as)f(part)g(of)g(the)h(initial-state)25 |
| | 21783 | b(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)0 3074 y(description,)38 b(see)h(section)e |
| | 21784 | (10.3.3,)h(but)f(do)g(not)h(a\013ect)f(the)h(formalism)c(of)i(this)h |
| | 21785 | (section.)58 b(The)38 b(one)0 3183 y(example)23 b(where)i(it)e(w)m |
| | 21786 | (ould)g(b)s(e)h(appropriate)f(to)g(put)h(a)f(parton)h(on)f(the)h(mass)g |
| | 21787 | (shell)f(is)g(for)g(an)h(incoming)0 3291 y(lepton)k(b)s(eam,)g(but)h |
| | 21788 | (ev)m(en)h(here)f(the)f(massless)h(kinematics)e(description)h(is)g |
| | 21789 | (adequate)h(as)g(long)e(as)h(the)0 3399 y(c.m.)43 b(energy)34 |
| | 21790 | b(is)e(correctly)h(calculated)e(with)i(masses.)146 3508 |
| | 21791 | y(The)h(squared)g(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31 b(mass)h(of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m |
| | 21792 | (o)g(partons)g(is)f(de\014ned)i(as)1369 3716 y(^)-53 |
| | 21793 | b Fj(s)28 b Fw(=)f(\()p Fj(p)1629 3731 y Fl(1)1691 3716 |
| | 21794 | y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)1838 3731 y Fl(2)1877 3716 y Fw(\))1915 |
| | 21795 | 3674 y Fl(2)1982 3716 y Fw(=)28 b Fj(x)2141 3731 y Fl(1)2197 |
| | 21796 | 3716 y Fj(x)2252 3731 y Fl(2)2309 3716 y Fj(s)k(:)1192 |
| | 21797 | b Fw(\(58\))0 3924 y(Instead)34 b(of)e Fj(x)511 3939 |
| | 21798 | y Fl(1)583 3924 y Fw(and)h Fj(x)828 3939 y Fl(2)868 3924 |
| | 21799 | y Fw(,)f(it)g(is)g(often)h(customary)f(to)g(use)i Fj(\034)44 |
| | 21800 | b Fw(and)33 b(either)f Fj(y)k Fw(or)c Fj(x)2942 3939 |
| | 21801 | y Fl(F)2993 3924 y Fw(:)1537 4187 y Fj(\034)94 b Fw(=)83 |
| | 21802 | b Fj(x)1887 4202 y Fl(1)1927 4187 y Fj(x)1982 4202 y |
| | 21803 | Fl(2)2049 4187 y Fw(=)2167 4120 y(^)-53 b Fj(s)p 2163 |
| | 21804 | 4164 46 4 v 2163 4256 a(s)2251 4187 y Fw(;)1328 b(\(59\))1539 |
| | 21805 | 4421 y Fj(y)86 b Fw(=)1842 4353 y(1)p 1842 4397 49 4 |
| | 21806 | v 1842 4489 a(2)1917 4421 y(ln)2025 4353 y Fj(x)2080 |
| | 21807 | 4368 y Fl(1)p 2025 4397 95 4 v 2025 4489 a Fj(x)2080 |
| | 21808 | 4504 y Fl(2)2163 4421 y Fw(;)1416 b(\(60\))1484 4612 |
| | 21809 | y Fj(x)1539 4627 y Fl(F)1673 4612 y Fw(=)83 b Fj(x)1887 |
| | 21810 | 4627 y Fl(1)1949 4612 y Fn(\000)23 b Fj(x)2104 4627 y |
| | 21811 | Fl(2)2176 4612 y Fj(:)1403 b Fw(\(61\))146 4820 y(In)25 |
| | 21812 | b(addition)d(to)h Fj(x)801 4835 y Fl(1)865 4820 y Fw(and)h |
| | 21813 | Fj(x)1101 4835 y Fl(2)1141 4820 y Fw(,)i(t)m(w)m(o)f(additional)c(v)-5 |
| | 21814 | b(ariables)22 b(are)i(needed)i(to)d(describ)s(e)i(the)f(kinematics)0 |
| | 21815 | 4928 y(of)30 b(a)f(scattering)h(1)17 b(+)f(2)28 b Fn(!)f |
| | 21816 | Fw(3)17 b(+)g(4.)42 b(One)30 b(corresp)s(onds)i(to)d(the)i(azim)m |
| | 21817 | (uthal)d(angle)h Fj(')h Fw(of)f(the)i(scattering)0 5036 |
| | 21818 | y(plane)c(around)g(the)h(b)s(eam)e(axis.)42 b(This)27 |
| | 21819 | b(angle)f(is)h(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(isotropically)c(distributed)j(for)g(unp)s |
| | 21820 | (olarized)0 5145 y(incoming)32 b(b)s(eam)i(particles,)g(and)g(so)h |
| | 21821 | (need)g(not)g(b)s(e)f(considered)h(further.)50 b(The)35 |
| | 21822 | b(other)g(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(can)0 5268 y(b)s(e)h(pic)m(k)m(ed)g(as) |
| | 21823 | 560 5242 y(^)553 5268 y Fj(\022)s Fw(,)f(the)h(p)s(olar)e(angle)g(of)h |
| | 21824 | (parton)g(3)g(in)g(the)h(c.m.)43 b(frame)31 b(of)h(the)h(hard)f |
| | 21825 | (scattering.)44 b(The)0 5376 y(con)m(v)m(en)m(tional)33 |
| | 21826 | b(c)m(hoice)g(is)f(to)g(use)h(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)939 |
| | 21827 | 5602 y(^)938 5621 y Fj(t)28 b Fw(=)f(\()p Fj(p)1191 5636 |
| | 21828 | y Fl(1)1253 5621 y Fn(\000)22 b Fj(p)1401 5636 y Fl(3)1441 |
| | 21829 | 5621 y Fw(\))1479 5580 y Fl(2)1546 5621 y Fw(=)27 b(\()p |
| | 21830 | Fj(p)1736 5636 y Fl(2)1798 5621 y Fn(\000)22 b Fj(p)1946 |
| | 21831 | 5636 y Fl(4)1986 5621 y Fw(\))2024 5580 y Fl(2)2091 5621 |
| | 21832 | y Fw(=)27 b Fn(\000)2286 5553 y Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)p 2281 |
| | 21833 | 5598 49 4 v 2281 5689 a Fw(2)2340 5621 y(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 21834 | Fw(cos)2704 5594 y(^)2696 5621 y Fj(\022)s Fw(\))33 b |
| | 21835 | Fj(;)764 b Fw(\(62\))1841 5953 y(91)p eop |
| | 21836 | %%Page: 92 98 |
| | 21837 | 92 97 bop 0 -18 a Fw(with)236 -45 y(^)228 -18 y Fj(\022)42 |
| | 21838 | b Fw(de\014ned)e(as)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)63 b(In)39 b(the)g(follo)m(wing,) |
| | 21839 | f(w)m(e)h(will)e(mak)m(e)h(use)i(of)e(b)s(oth)2995 -37 |
| | 21840 | y(^)2994 -18 y Fj(t)h Fw(and)3271 -45 y(^)3263 -18 y |
| | 21841 | Fj(\022)t Fw(.)61 b(It)39 b(is)f(also)0 90 y(customary)33 |
| | 21842 | b(to)f(de\014ne)40 b(^)-55 b Fj(u)o Fw(,)934 310 y(^)g |
| | 21843 | Fj(u)28 b Fw(=)f(\()p Fj(p)1202 325 y Fl(1)1264 310 y |
| | 21844 | Fn(\000)22 b Fj(p)1412 325 y Fl(4)1452 310 y Fw(\))1490 |
| | 21845 | 268 y Fl(2)1557 310 y Fw(=)27 b(\()p Fj(p)1747 325 y |
| | 21846 | Fl(2)1809 310 y Fn(\000)22 b Fj(p)1957 325 y Fl(3)1997 |
| | 21847 | 310 y Fw(\))2035 268 y Fl(2)2102 310 y Fw(=)27 b Fn(\000)2297 |
| | 21848 | 242 y Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)p 2292 286 49 4 v 2292 378 a Fw(2)2351 |
| | 21849 | 310 y(\(1)22 b(+)g(cos)2713 283 y(^)2705 310 y Fj(\022)t |
| | 21850 | Fw(\))32 b Fj(;)755 b Fw(\(63\))0 511 y(but)39 b(^)-55 |
| | 21851 | b Fj(u)32 b Fw(is)g(not)g(an)h(indep)s(enden)m(t)h(v)-5 |
| | 21852 | b(ariable)30 b(since)1585 675 y(^)-53 b Fj(s)23 b Fw(+)1749 |
| | 21853 | 656 y(^)1748 675 y Fj(t)f Fw(+)28 b(^)-55 b Fj(u)27 b |
| | 21854 | Fw(=)h(0)k Fj(:)1408 b Fw(\(64\))146 838 y(If)45 b(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 21855 | (outgoing)e(particles)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(masses)g Fj(m)2107 |
| | 21856 | 853 y Fl(3)2192 838 y Fw(and)f Fj(m)2479 853 y Fl(4)2519 |
| | 21857 | 838 y Fw(,)k(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)49 b(then)d(the)f(four-)0 |
| | 21858 | 947 y(momen)m(ta)31 b(in)h(the)h(c.m.)43 b(frame)32 b(of)g(the)h(hard)g |
| | 21859 | (in)m(teraction)e(are)i(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)670 1190 y(^)-57 |
| | 21860 | b Fj(p)711 1205 y Fl(3)p Fh(;)p Fl(4)833 1190 y Fw(=)936 |
| | 21861 | 1044 y Fg( )1016 1122 y Fw(^)k Fj(s)22 b Fn(\006)h Fw(\()p |
| | 21862 | Fj(m)1303 1086 y Fl(2)1303 1147 y(3)1365 1122 y Fn(\000)f |
| | 21863 | Fj(m)1549 1086 y Fl(2)1549 1147 y(4)1589 1122 y Fw(\))p |
| | 21864 | 1012 1167 615 4 v 1231 1269 a(2)1280 1184 y Fn(p)p 1363 |
| | 21865 | 1184 46 4 v 1367 1269 a Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)1637 1190 y(;)17 |
| | 21866 | b Fn(\006)1768 1038 y(p)p 1851 1038 V 1855 1122 a Fw(^)-53 |
| | 21867 | b Fj(s)p 1768 1167 129 4 v 1808 1258 a Fw(2)1924 1190 |
| | 21868 | y Fj(\014)1979 1205 y Fl(34)2070 1190 y Fw(sin)2214 1164 |
| | 21869 | y(^)2206 1190 y Fj(\022)t(;)17 b Fw(0)p Fj(;)g Fn(\006)2479 |
| | 21870 | 1038 y(p)p 2561 1038 46 4 v 2565 1122 a Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)p |
| | 21871 | 2479 1167 129 4 v 2518 1258 a Fw(2)2634 1190 y Fj(\014)2689 |
| | 21872 | 1205 y Fl(34)2780 1190 y Fw(cos)2935 1164 y(^)2927 1190 |
| | 21873 | y Fj(\022)2976 1044 y Fg(!)3090 1190 y Fj(;)489 b Fw(\(65\))0 |
| | 21874 | 1422 y(where)1063 1625 y Fj(\014)1118 1640 y Fl(34)1220 |
| | 21875 | 1625 y Fw(=)1324 1437 y Fg(v)1324 1484 y(u)1324 1534 |
| | 21876 | y(u)1324 1583 y(t)p 1411 1437 1246 4 v 1411 1479 a( )1477 |
| | 21877 | 1625 y Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)1658 1558 y Fj(m)1743 1524 y |
| | 21878 | Fl(2)1743 1580 y(3)p 1658 1602 125 4 v 1701 1694 a Fw(^)-53 |
| | 21879 | b Fj(s)1815 1625 y Fn(\000)1924 1558 y Fj(m)2009 1524 |
| | 21880 | y Fl(2)2009 1580 y(4)p 1924 1602 V 1968 1694 a Fw(^)g |
| | 21881 | Fj(s)2059 1479 y Fg(!)2125 1502 y Fl(2)2186 1625 y Fn(\000)23 |
| | 21882 | b Fw(4)2361 1558 y Fj(m)2446 1524 y Fl(2)2446 1580 y(3)p |
| | 21883 | 2361 1602 V 2405 1694 a Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)2522 1558 y(m)2607 |
| | 21884 | 1524 y Fl(2)2607 1580 y(4)p 2522 1602 V 2566 1694 a Fw(^)g |
| | 21885 | Fj(s)2690 1625 y(:)889 b Fw(\(66\))0 1864 y(Then)256 |
| | 21886 | 1845 y(^)255 1864 y Fj(t)32 b Fw(and)39 b(^)-55 b Fj(u)32 |
| | 21887 | b Fw(are)h(mo)s(di\014ed)e(to)1013 2041 y(^)1012 2059 |
| | 21888 | y Fj(t;)23 b Fw(^)-55 b Fj(u)27 b Fw(=)g Fn(\000)1364 |
| | 21889 | 1992 y Fw(1)p 1364 2036 49 4 v 1364 2127 a(2)1440 1963 |
| | 21890 | y Fg(n)1495 2059 y Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)22 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 21891 | Fj(m)1786 2018 y Fl(2)1786 2084 y(3)1848 2059 y Fn(\000)g |
| | 21892 | Fj(m)2033 2018 y Fl(2)2033 2084 y(4)2072 2059 y Fw(\))f |
| | 21893 | Fn(\007)27 b Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)17 b(\014)2350 2074 y Fl(34)2441 |
| | 21894 | 2059 y Fw(cos)2596 2033 y(^)2588 2059 y Fj(\022)2636 |
| | 21895 | 1963 y Fg(o)2741 2059 y Fj(;)838 b Fw(\(67\))0 2260 y(with)1425 |
| | 21896 | 2369 y(^)-53 b Fj(s)22 b Fw(+)1588 2350 y(^)1587 2369 |
| | 21897 | y Fj(t)g Fw(+)29 b(^)-56 b Fj(u)28 b Fw(=)f Fj(m)2014 |
| | 21898 | 2328 y Fl(2)2014 2393 y(3)2076 2369 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(m)2259 |
| | 21899 | 2328 y Fl(2)2259 2393 y(4)2331 2369 y Fj(:)1248 b Fw(\(68\))146 |
| | 21900 | 2512 y(The)34 b(cross)f(section)g(for)f(the)h(pro)s(cess)h(1)22 |
| | 21901 | b(+)g(2)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(3)22 b(+)g(4)32 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(written)f(as) |
| | 21902 | 777 2732 y Fj(\033)87 b Fw(=)1078 2615 y Fg(Z)54 b(Z)f(Z)1377 |
| | 21903 | 2732 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)1486 2747 y Fl(1)1543 2732 y Fw(d)p |
| | 21904 | Fj(x)1652 2747 y Fl(2)1708 2732 y Fw(d)1763 2713 y(^)1762 |
| | 21905 | 2732 y Fj(t)17 b(f)1862 2747 y Fl(1)1902 2732 y Fw(\()p |
| | 21906 | Fj(x)1995 2747 y Fl(1)2035 2732 y Fj(;)g(Q)2156 2691 |
| | 21907 | y Fl(2)2195 2732 y Fw(\))g Fj(f)2298 2747 y Fl(2)2337 |
| | 21908 | 2732 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2430 2747 y Fl(2)2470 2732 y Fj(;)g(Q)2591 |
| | 21909 | 2691 y Fl(2)2630 2732 y Fw(\))2695 2664 y(d)5 b(^)-54 |
| | 21910 | b Fj(\033)p 2695 2709 114 4 v 2707 2806 a Fw(d)2762 2788 |
| | 21911 | y(^)2761 2806 y Fj(t)919 2976 y Fw(=)1078 2859 y Fg(Z)54 |
| | 21912 | b(Z)f(Z)1387 2909 y Fw(d)p Fj(\034)p 1387 2953 108 4 |
| | 21913 | v 1414 3044 a(\034)1521 2976 y Fw(d)p Fj(y)20 b Fw(d)1698 |
| | 21914 | 2958 y(^)1697 2976 y Fj(t)d(x)1804 2991 y Fl(1)1844 2976 |
| | 21915 | y Fj(f)1892 2991 y Fl(1)1932 2976 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2025 |
| | 21916 | 2991 y Fl(1)2064 2976 y Fj(;)g(Q)2185 2935 y Fl(2)2225 |
| | 21917 | 2976 y Fw(\))g Fj(x)2335 2991 y Fl(2)2374 2976 y Fj(f)2422 |
| | 21918 | 2991 y Fl(2)2462 2976 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2555 2991 y Fl(2)2595 |
| | 21919 | 2976 y Fj(;)g(Q)2716 2935 y Fl(2)2755 2976 y Fw(\))2819 |
| | 21920 | 2909 y(d)5 b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)p 2819 2953 114 4 v 2831 |
| | 21921 | 3050 a Fw(d)2886 3032 y(^)2885 3050 y Fj(t)2975 2976 |
| | 21922 | y(:)604 b Fw(\(69\))146 3193 y(The)48 b(c)m(hoice)f(of)g |
| | 21923 | Fj(Q)868 3157 y Fl(2)954 3193 y Fw(scale)g(is)f(am)m(biguous,)k(and)d |
| | 21924 | (sev)m(eral)g(alternativ)m(es)g(are)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)44 |
| | 21925 | b(in)i(the)0 3301 y(program.)40 b(F)-8 b(or)25 b(massless)i(outgoing)d |
| | 21926 | (particles)i(the)g(default)g(is)f(the)i(squared)h(transv)m(erse)g |
| | 21927 | (momen)m(tum)1341 3539 y Fj(Q)1418 3498 y Fl(2)1485 3539 |
| | 21928 | y Fw(=)36 b(^)-57 b Fj(p)1638 3498 y Fl(2)1638 3564 y |
| | 21929 | Fk(?)1724 3539 y Fw(=)1843 3472 y(^)k Fj(s)p 1838 3516 |
| | 21930 | 49 4 v 1838 3608 a Fw(4)1913 3539 y(sin)2033 3498 y Fl(2)2097 |
| | 21931 | 3513 y Fw(^)2089 3539 y Fj(\022)31 b Fw(=)2280 3454 y(^)2278 |
| | 21932 | 3472 y Fj(t)7 b Fw(^)-55 b Fj(u)p 2278 3516 91 4 v 2305 |
| | 21933 | 3608 a Fw(^)i Fj(s)2412 3539 y(;)1167 b Fw(\(70\))0 3741 |
| | 21934 | y(whic)m(h)33 b(is)f(mo)s(di\014ed)g(to)393 3959 y Fj(Q)470 |
| | 21935 | 3918 y Fl(2)538 3959 y Fw(=)651 3892 y(1)p 651 3936 49 |
| | 21936 | 4 v 651 4028 a(2)710 3959 y(\()p Fj(m)833 3918 y Fl(2)833 |
| | 21937 | 3984 y Fk(?)p Fl(3)950 3959 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(m)1133 3918 |
| | 21938 | y Fl(2)1133 3984 y Fk(?)p Fl(4)1227 3959 y Fw(\))28 b(=)1406 |
| | 21939 | 3892 y(1)p 1406 3936 V 1406 4028 a(2)1465 3959 y(\()p |
| | 21940 | Fj(m)1588 3918 y Fl(2)1588 3984 y(3)1650 3959 y Fw(+)22 |
| | 21941 | b Fj(m)1833 3918 y Fl(2)1833 3984 y(4)1873 3959 y Fw(\))g(+)30 |
| | 21942 | b(^)-57 b Fj(p)2080 3918 y Fl(2)2080 3984 y Fk(?)2166 |
| | 21943 | 3959 y Fw(=)2280 3892 y(1)p 2280 3936 V 2280 4028 a(2)2339 |
| | 21944 | 3959 y(\()p Fj(m)2462 3918 y Fl(2)2462 3984 y(3)2524 |
| | 21945 | 3959 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(m)2707 3918 y Fl(2)2707 3984 y(4)2746 |
| | 21946 | 3959 y Fw(\))g(+)2916 3874 y(^)2914 3892 y Fj(t)7 b Fw(^)-55 |
| | 21947 | b Fj(u)21 b Fn(\000)i Fj(m)3212 3856 y Fl(2)3212 3917 |
| | 21948 | y(3)3252 3892 y Fj(m)3337 3856 y Fl(2)3337 3917 y(4)p |
| | 21949 | 2914 3936 463 4 v 3126 4028 a Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)3606 3959 |
| | 21950 | y Fw(\(71\))0 4161 y(when)32 b(masses)g(are)f(in)m(tro)s(duced.)43 |
| | 21951 | b(The)32 b(mass)f(term)f(is)h(selected)h(suc)m(h)g(that,)f(for)f |
| | 21952 | Fj(m)3073 4176 y Fl(3)3141 4161 y Fw(=)d Fj(m)3329 4176 |
| | 21953 | y Fl(4)3397 4161 y Fw(=)g Fj(m)p Fw(,)32 b(the)0 4269 |
| | 21954 | y(expression)i(reduces)g(to)e(the)h(squared)h(transv)m(erse)h(mass,)e |
| | 21955 | Fj(Q)2271 4233 y Fl(2)2338 4269 y Fw(=)46 b(^)-67 b Fj(m)2527 |
| | 21956 | 4233 y Fl(2)2527 4294 y Fk(?)2614 4269 y Fw(=)27 b Fj(m)2802 |
| | 21957 | 4233 y Fl(2)2864 4269 y Fw(+)j(^)-57 b Fj(p)3011 4233 |
| | 21958 | y Fl(2)3011 4294 y Fk(?)3070 4269 y Fw(.)146 4390 y(The)32 |
| | 21959 | b(d)5 b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)t(=)p Fw(d)562 4371 y(^)561 4390 |
| | 21960 | y Fj(t)30 b Fw(expresses)k(the)c(di\013eren)m(tial)f(cross)i(section)f |
| | 21961 | (for)g(a)g(scattering,)h(as)f(a)g(function)g(of)g(the)0 |
| | 21962 | 4510 y(kinematical)d(quan)m(tities)34 b(^)-53 b Fj(s)p |
| | 21963 | Fw(,)1073 4492 y(^)1071 4510 y Fj(t)30 b Fw(and)36 b(^)-55 |
| | 21964 | b Fj(u)p Fw(.)42 b(It)30 b(is)g(in)f(this)g(function)h(that)g(the)g(ph) |
| | 21965 | m(ysics)h(of)f(a)f(giv)m(en)h(pro)s(cess)0 4619 y(resides.)146 |
| | 21966 | 4727 y(The)47 b(p)s(erformance)e(of)g(a)g(mac)m(hine)g(is)g(measured)i |
| | 21967 | (in)d(terms)i(of)f(its)g(luminosit)m(y)e Fn(L)p Fw(,)49 |
| | 21968 | b(whic)m(h)d(is)0 4835 y(directly)31 b(prop)s(ortional)f(to)h(the)i(n)m |
| | 21969 | (um)m(b)s(er)f(of)g(particles)f(in)g(eac)m(h)i(bunc)m(h)h(and)e(to)g |
| | 21970 | (the)g(bunc)m(h)h(crossing)0 4944 y(frequency)-8 b(,)45 |
| | 21971 | b(and)40 b(in)m(v)m(ersely)i(prop)s(ortional)c(to)i(the)h(area)g(of)f |
| | 21972 | (the)h(bunc)m(hes)h(at)f(the)g(collision)c(p)s(oin)m(t.)0 |
| | 21973 | 5052 y(F)-8 b(or)29 b(a)g(pro)s(cess)i(with)e(a)g Fj(\033)34 |
| | 21974 | b Fw(as)c(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)g(eq.)h(\(69\),)e(the)h(di\013eren)m(tial)e |
| | 21975 | (ev)m(en)m(t)j(rate)f(is)f(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)g Fj(\033)t |
| | 21976 | Fn(L)p Fw(,)g(and)0 5160 y(the)j(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j |
| | 21977 | (collected)d(o)m(v)m(er)i(a)e(giv)m(en)h(p)s(erio)s(d)e(of)h(time)1567 |
| | 21978 | 5361 y Fj(N)38 b Fw(=)28 b Fj(\033)1879 5244 y Fg(Z)1978 |
| | 21979 | 5361 y Fn(L)17 b Fw(d)p Fj(t)33 b(:)1393 b Fw(\(72\))0 |
| | 21980 | 5561 y(The)49 b(program)d(do)s(es)i(not)g(calculate)e(the)i(n)m(um)m(b) |
| | 21981 | s(er)h(of)e(ev)m(en)m(ts,)54 b(but)48 b(only)f(the)h(in)m(tegrated)g |
| | 21982 | (cross)0 5669 y(sections.)1841 5953 y(92)p eop |
| | 21983 | %%Page: 93 99 |
| | 21984 | 93 98 bop 0 -18 a Fp(7.3)135 b(Resonance)46 b(Pro)t(duction)0 |
| | 21985 | 154 y Fw(The)e(simplest)e(w)m(a)m(y)i(to)f(pro)s(duce)g(a)g(resonance)i |
| | 21986 | (is)d(b)m(y)i(a)f(2)i Fn(!)g Fw(1)e(pro)s(cess.)76 b(If)43 |
| | 21987 | b(the)g(deca)m(y)i(of)d(the)0 263 y(resonance)30 b(is)d(not)h |
| | 21988 | (considered,)i(the)f(cross-section)g(form)m(ula)d(do)s(es)j(not)f(dep)s |
| | 21989 | (end)i(on)3134 244 y(^)3133 263 y Fj(t)p Fw(,)f(but)g(tak)m(es)g(the)0 |
| | 21990 | 371 y(form)912 516 y Fj(\033)i Fw(=)1102 399 y Fg(Z)53 |
| | 21991 | b(Z)1311 448 y Fw(d)p Fj(\034)p 1311 493 108 4 v 1338 |
| | 21992 | 584 a(\034)1445 516 y Fw(d)p Fj(y)20 b(x)1622 531 y Fl(1)1662 |
| | 21993 | 516 y Fj(f)1710 531 y Fl(1)1750 516 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1843 |
| | 21994 | 531 y Fl(1)1882 516 y Fj(;)d(Q)2003 475 y Fl(2)2043 516 |
| | 21995 | y Fw(\))g Fj(x)2153 531 y Fl(2)2192 516 y Fj(f)2240 531 |
| | 21996 | y Fl(2)2280 516 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2373 531 y Fl(2)2413 516 |
| | 21997 | y Fj(;)g(Q)2534 475 y Fl(2)2573 516 y Fw(\))22 b(^)-54 |
| | 21998 | b Fj(\033)t Fw(\()t(^)h Fj(s)o Fw(\))33 b Fj(:)738 b |
| | 21999 | Fw(\(73\))0 708 y(Here)35 b(the)h(ph)m(ysics)g(is)e(con)m(tained)h(in)f |
| | 22000 | (the)h(cross)h(section)k(^)-55 b Fj(\033)t Fw(\()t(^)i |
| | 22001 | Fj(s)p Fw(\).)50 b(The)36 b Fj(Q)2679 671 y Fl(2)2753 |
| | 22002 | 708 y Fw(scale)f(is)f(usually)g(tak)m(en)i(to)0 816 y(b)s(e)d |
| | 22003 | Fj(Q)210 780 y Fl(2)277 816 y Fw(=)f(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(.)146 |
| | 22004 | 924 y(In)30 b(published)g(form)m(ulae,)e(cross)j(sections)f(are)f |
| | 22005 | (often)h(giv)m(en)g(in)e(the)i(zero-width)g(appro)m(ximation,)0 |
| | 22006 | 1033 y(i.e.)66 b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)t Fw(\()t(^)h Fj(s)p |
| | 22007 | Fw(\))38 b Fn(/)h Fj(\016)t Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)26 b |
| | 22008 | Fn(\000)h Fj(m)867 996 y Fl(2)867 1057 y Fh(R)925 1033 |
| | 22009 | y Fw(\),)40 b(where)g Fj(m)1403 1048 y Fh(R)1499 1033 |
| | 22010 | y Fw(is)f(the)g(mass)f(of)g(the)i(resonance.)63 b(In)m(tro)s(ducing)38 |
| | 22011 | b(the)h(scaled)0 1141 y(mass)f Fj(\034)287 1156 y Fh(R)382 |
| | 22012 | 1141 y Fw(=)f Fj(m)580 1105 y Fl(2)580 1166 y Fh(R)638 |
| | 22013 | 1141 y Fj(=s)p Fw(,)j(this)e(corresp)s(onds)h(to)f(a)g(delta)f |
| | 22014 | (function)h Fj(\016)t Fw(\()p Fj(\034)f Fn(\000)26 b |
| | 22015 | Fj(\034)2694 1156 y Fh(R)2753 1141 y Fw(\),)39 b(whic)m(h)g(can)f(b)s |
| | 22016 | (e)h(used)g(to)0 1249 y(eliminate)30 b(the)j(in)m(tegral)e(o)m(v)m(er)i |
| | 22017 | Fj(\034)11 b Fw(.)146 1358 y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)41 b(what)d(w)m(e)g |
| | 22018 | (normally)d(w)m(an)m(t)k(to)e(do)g(is)g(replace)g(the)h |
| | 22019 | Fj(\016)j Fw(function)c(b)m(y)i(the)e(appropriate)0 1466 |
| | 22020 | y(Breit{Wigner)31 b(shap)s(e.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(a)g(resonance)i |
| | 22021 | (width)f(\000)1959 1481 y Fh(R)2049 1466 y Fw(this)f(is)g(ac)m(hiev)m |
| | 22022 | (ed)i(b)m(y)g(the)f(replacemen)m(t)1095 1687 y Fj(\016)t |
| | 22023 | Fw(\()p Fj(\034)h Fn(\000)22 b Fj(\034)1397 1702 y Fh(R)1455 |
| | 22024 | 1687 y Fw(\))28 b Fn(!)1665 1620 y Fj(s)p 1658 1664 59 |
| | 22025 | 4 v 1658 1756 a(\031)2053 1620 y(m)2138 1635 y Fh(R)2196 |
| | 22026 | 1620 y Fw(\000)2257 1635 y Fh(R)p 1754 1664 862 4 v 1754 |
| | 22027 | 1756 a Fw(\()p Fj(s\034)33 b Fn(\000)23 b Fj(m)2098 1721 |
| | 22028 | y Fl(2)2098 1780 y Fh(R)2156 1756 y Fw(\))2194 1727 y |
| | 22029 | Fl(2)2255 1756 y Fw(+)f Fj(m)2438 1721 y Fl(2)2438 1780 |
| | 22030 | y Fh(R)2496 1756 y Fw(\000)2557 1721 y Fl(2)2557 1780 |
| | 22031 | y Fh(R)2657 1687 y Fj(:)922 b Fw(\(74\))0 1916 y(In)33 |
| | 22032 | b(this)f(form)m(ula)f(the)i(resonance)h(width)e(\000)1620 |
| | 22033 | 1931 y Fh(R)1710 1916 y Fw(is)g(a)h(constan)m(t.)146 |
| | 22034 | 2024 y(An)49 b(impro)m(v)m(ed)g(description)f(of)h(resonance)h(shap)s |
| | 22035 | (es)g(is)e(obtained)g(if)g(the)h(width)f(is)h(made)j(^)-53 |
| | 22036 | b Fj(s)p Fw(-)0 2133 y(dep)s(enden)m(t)25 b(\(o)s(ccasionally)c(also)i |
| | 22037 | (referred)h(to)f(as)g(mass-dep)s(enden)m(t)i(width,)g(since)j(^)-53 |
| | 22038 | b Fj(s)23 b Fw(is)g(not)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(the)0 2241 y(resonance)32 |
| | 22039 | b(mass\),)f(see)h(e.g.)44 b([Ber89].)f(T)-8 b(o)30 b(\014rst)i(appro)m |
| | 22040 | (ximation,)d(this)h(means)h(that)g(the)g(expression)0 |
| | 22041 | 2350 y Fj(m)85 2365 y Fh(R)143 2350 y Fw(\000)204 2365 |
| | 22042 | y Fh(R)301 2350 y Fw(is)40 b(to)f(b)s(e)h(replaced)g(b)m(y)k(^)-53 |
| | 22043 | b Fj(s)p Fw(\000)1314 2365 y Fh(R)1372 2350 y Fj(=m)1506 |
| | 22044 | 2365 y Fh(R)1564 2350 y Fw(.)64 b(T)-8 b(o)40 b(b)s(e)g(more)f |
| | 22045 | (precise,)j(in)d(the)h(program)f(the)h(quan)m(tit)m(y)0 |
| | 22046 | 2458 y Fj(H)81 2473 y Fh(R)139 2458 y Fw(\()t(^)-53 b |
| | 22047 | Fj(s)o Fw(\))33 b(is)f(in)m(tro)s(duced,)h(and)f(the)h(Breit{Wigner)f |
| | 22048 | (is)g(written)g(as)1069 2691 y Fj(\016)t Fw(\()p Fj(\034)h |
| | 22049 | Fn(\000)23 b Fj(\034)1371 2706 y Fh(R)1429 2691 y Fw(\))28 |
| | 22050 | b Fn(!)1638 2624 y Fj(s)p 1632 2668 59 4 v 1632 2760 |
| | 22051 | a(\031)2027 2624 y(H)2108 2639 y Fh(R)2166 2624 y Fw(\()p |
| | 22052 | Fj(s\034)11 b Fw(\))p 1727 2668 914 4 v 1727 2760 a(\()p |
| | 22053 | Fj(s\034)34 b Fn(\000)23 b Fj(m)2072 2725 y Fl(2)2072 |
| | 22054 | 2784 y Fh(R)2130 2760 y Fw(\))2168 2731 y Fl(2)2229 2760 |
| | 22055 | y Fw(+)f Fj(H)2416 2725 y Fl(2)2408 2784 y Fh(R)2466 |
| | 22056 | 2760 y Fw(\()p Fj(s\034)11 b Fw(\))2683 2691 y Fj(:)896 |
| | 22057 | b Fw(\(75\))0 2952 y(The)31 b Fj(H)279 2967 y Fh(R)366 |
| | 22058 | 2952 y Fw(factor)e(is)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)29 b(as)h(a)g(sum)f(o)m(v)m(er) |
| | 22059 | i(all)d(p)s(ossible)h(\014nal-state)g(c)m(hannels,)i |
| | 22060 | Fj(H)3225 2967 y Fh(R)3310 2952 y Fw(=)3414 2885 y Fg(P)3502 |
| | 22061 | 2973 y Fh(f)3564 2952 y Fj(H)3653 2901 y Fl(\()p Fh(f)7 |
| | 22062 | b Fl(\))3645 2976 y Fh(R)3752 2952 y Fw(.)0 3060 y(Eac)m(h)34 |
| | 22063 | b(deca)m(y)f(c)m(hannel)g(ma)m(y)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(its)e(o)m(wn)37 |
| | 22064 | b(^)-53 b Fj(s)32 b Fw(dep)s(endence,)k(as)c(follo)m(ws.)146 |
| | 22065 | 3168 y(A)42 b(deca)m(y)g(to)f(a)g(fermion)e(pair,)j Fj(R)i |
| | 22066 | Fn(!)e Fw(f)p 1656 3089 37 4 v 7 w(f)6 b(,)43 b(giv)m(es)f(no)f(con)m |
| | 22067 | (tribution)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h(threshold,)i(i.e.)69 b(for)4 |
| | 22068 | 3297 y(^)-53 b Fj(s)41 b(<)g Fw(4)p Fj(m)338 3261 y Fl(2)338 |
| | 22069 | 3321 y(f)378 3297 y Fw(.)67 b(Ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)41 b(threshold,)i |
| | 22070 | Fj(H)1335 3246 y Fl(\()p Fh(f)7 b Fl(\))1327 3321 y Fh(R)1475 |
| | 22071 | 3297 y Fw(is)40 b(prop)s(ortional)e(to)44 b(^)-53 b Fj(s)p |
| | 22072 | Fw(,)43 b(m)m(ultiplied)37 b(b)m(y)k(a)f(threshold)h(factor)0 |
| | 22073 | 3405 y Fj(\014)6 b Fw(\(3)18 b Fn(\000)g Fj(\014)322 |
| | 22074 | 3369 y Fl(2)361 3405 y Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(2)30 b(for)g(the)h(v)m(ector)h |
| | 22075 | (part)f(of)f(a)g(spin)h(1)f(resonance,)j(b)m(y)e Fj(\014)2478 |
| | 22076 | 3369 y Fl(3)2548 3405 y Fw(for)f(the)h(axial)e(v)m(ector)i(part,)g(and) |
| | 22077 | 0 3546 y(again)k(b)m(y)j Fj(\014)465 3510 y Fl(3)541 |
| | 22078 | 3546 y Fw(for)e(a)h(spin)g(0)f(resonance.)58 b(Here)37 |
| | 22079 | b Fj(\014)k Fw(=)2013 3445 y Fg(q)p 2096 3445 439 4 v |
| | 22080 | 101 x Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fw(4)p Fj(m)2400 3512 y Fl(2)2400 |
| | 22081 | 3571 y(f)2440 3546 y Fj(=)t Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)o Fw(.)57 |
| | 22082 | b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(the)h(deca)m(y)h(in)m(to)e(unequal)0 |
| | 22083 | 3676 y(masses,)d(e.g.)44 b(of)32 b(the)h(W)918 3640 y |
| | 22084 | Fl(+)978 3676 y Fw(,)f(corresp)s(onding)h(but)g(more)f(complicated)f |
| | 22085 | (expressions)j(are)f(used.)146 3784 y(F)-8 b(or)44 b(deca)m(ys)i(in)m |
| | 22086 | (to)d(a)h(quark)h(pair,)h(the)f(univ)m(ersal)f(\014rst-order)g(strong)g |
| | 22087 | (correction)g(factor)g(1)30 b(+)0 3912 y Fj(\013)62 3927 |
| | 22088 | y Fl(s)94 3912 y Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(\))p Fj(=\031)49 |
| | 22089 | b Fw(is)c(included)g(in)g Fj(H)1099 3862 y Fl(\()p Fh(f)7 |
| | 22090 | b Fl(\))1091 3937 y Fh(R)1199 3912 y Fw(.)82 b(The)47 |
| | 22091 | b(second-order)f(corrections)g(are)f(often)h(kno)m(wn,)k(but)c(then)0 |
| | 22092 | 4021 y(are)38 b(sp)s(eci\014c)h(to)f(eac)m(h)h(resonance,)j(and)c(are)g |
| | 22093 | (not)g(included.)61 b(An)38 b(option)f(exists)i(for)f(the)h |
| | 22094 | Fj(\015)5 b(=)p Fw(Z)3574 3985 y Fl(0)3613 4021 y Fj(=)p |
| | 22095 | Fw(Z)3722 3985 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)0 4129 y Fw(resonances,)27 |
| | 22096 | b(where)c(threshold)g(e\013ects)h(due)g(to)e(q)p 1814 |
| | 22097 | 4076 52 4 v(q)h(b)s(ound-state)g(formation)d(are)j(tak)m(en)h(in)m(to)e |
| | 22098 | (accoun)m(t)0 4238 y(in)32 b(a)g(smeared-out,)h(a)m(v)m(erage)g(sense,) |
| | 22099 | i(see)e(eq.)h(\(117\).)146 4346 y(F)-8 b(or)35 b(other)h(deca)m(y)h(c)m |
| | 22100 | (hannels,)h(not)d(in)m(to)g(fermion)f(pairs,)i(the)41 |
| | 22101 | b(^)-53 b Fj(s)35 b Fw(dep)s(endence)j(is)e(t)m(ypically)e(more)0 |
| | 22102 | 4454 y(complicated.)39 b(F)-8 b(or)25 b(instance,)i(the)f(deca)m(y)h(H) |
| | 22103 | 1644 4418 y Fl(0)1711 4454 y Fn(!)g Fw(W)1939 4418 y |
| | 22104 | Fl(+)1999 4454 y Fw(W)2100 4418 y Fk(\000)2185 4454 y |
| | 22105 | Fw(has)e(a)g(partial)e(width)i(prop)s(ortional)e(to)29 |
| | 22106 | b(^)-53 b Fj(s)3713 4418 y Fl(2)3752 4454 y Fw(,)0 4563 |
| | 22107 | y(with)24 b(a)f(threshold)i(factor)e Fj(\014)1038 4526 |
| | 22108 | y Fl(3)1077 4563 y Fw(.)41 b(Since)24 b(a)g(Higgs)f(with)h |
| | 22109 | Fj(m)2023 4578 y Fl(H)2108 4563 y Fj(<)j Fw(2)p Fj(m)2345 |
| | 22110 | 4578 y Fl(W)2447 4563 y Fw(could)d(still)d(deca)m(y)26 |
| | 22111 | b(in)d(this)h(c)m(hannel,)0 4671 y(it)35 b(is)h(in)g(fact)g(necessary)j |
| | 22112 | (to)d(p)s(erform)g(a)g(t)m(w)m(o-dimensional)e(in)m(tegral)h(o)m(v)m |
| | 22113 | (er)j(the)f Fj(W)3109 4635 y Fk(\006)3204 4671 y Fw(Breit{Wigner)0 |
| | 22114 | 4779 y(mass)h(distributions)e(to)i(obtain)e(the)i(correct)h(result)f |
| | 22115 | (\(and)f(this)h(has)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(done)h(n)m(umerically)-8 |
| | 22116 | b(,)37 b(at)0 4888 y(least)d(in)g(part\).)48 b(F)-8 b(ortunately)g(,)34 |
| | 22117 | b(a)h(Higgs)e(particle)g(ligh)m(ter)g(than)i(2)p Fj(m)2569 |
| | 22118 | 4903 y Fl(W)2681 4888 y Fw(is)f(su\016cien)m(tly)h(narro)m(w)g(that)0 |
| | 22119 | 4996 y(the)i(in)m(tegral)f(only)g(needs)i(to)f(b)s(e)g(p)s(erformed)f |
| | 22120 | (once)i(and)f(for)f(all)f(at)h(initialization)c(\(whereas)38 |
| | 22121 | b(most)0 5104 y(other)29 b(partial)d(widths)j(are)g(recalculated)f |
| | 22122 | (whenev)m(er)j(needed\).)44 b(Channels)29 b(that)g(pro)s(ceed)g(via)f |
| | 22123 | (lo)s(ops,)0 5213 y(suc)m(h)34 b(as)f(H)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(gg)q(,)32 |
| | 22124 | b(also)g(displa)m(y)g(complicated)f(threshold)i(b)s(eha)m(viours.)146 |
| | 22125 | 5321 y(The)e(coupling)d(structure)j(within)e(the)h(electro)m(w)m(eak)h |
| | 22126 | (sector)g(is)e(usually)g(\(re\)expressed)k(in)c(terms)0 |
| | 22127 | 5429 y(of)j(gauge)g(b)s(oson)h(masses,)h Fj(\013)1078 |
| | 22128 | 5444 y Fl(em)1204 5429 y Fw(and)f(sin)1514 5389 y Fl(2)1553 |
| | 22129 | 5429 y Fj(\022)1598 5444 y Fh(W)1679 5429 y Fw(,)g(i.e.)43 |
| | 22130 | b(factors)33 b(of)f Fj(G)2413 5444 y Fl(F)2495 5429 y |
| | 22131 | Fw(are)h(replaced)g(according)f(to)1423 5538 y Fn(p)p |
| | 22132 | 1506 5538 49 4 v 87 x Fw(2)o Fj(G)1631 5640 y Fl(F)1709 |
| | 22133 | 5625 y Fw(=)1939 5558 y Fj(\031)21 b(\013)2077 5573 y |
| | 22134 | Fl(em)p 1823 5602 465 4 v 1823 5695 a Fw(sin)1942 5655 |
| | 22135 | y Fl(2)1982 5695 y Fj(\022)2027 5710 y Fh(W)2124 5695 |
| | 22136 | y Fj(m)2209 5660 y Fl(2)2209 5719 y(W)2330 5625 y Fj(:)1249 |
| | 22137 | b Fw(\(76\))1841 5953 y(93)p eop |
| | 22138 | %%Page: 94 100 |
| | 22139 | 94 99 bop 0 -18 a Fw(Ha)m(ving)30 b(done)i(that,)e Fj(\013)861 |
| | 22140 | -3 y Fl(em)986 -18 y Fw(is)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)g(run)h([Kle89)o(],)g |
| | 22141 | (and)g(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)30 b(at)h(the)k(^)-53 b Fj(s)30 |
| | 22142 | b Fw(scale.)43 b(Thereb)m(y)0 90 y(the)31 b(relev)-5 |
| | 22143 | b(an)m(t)31 b(electro)m(w)m(eak)i(lo)s(op)c(correction)i(factors)g(are) |
| | 22144 | g(reco)m(v)m(ered)i(at)e(the)g Fj(m)2996 105 y Fl(W)3074 |
| | 22145 | 90 y Fj(=m)3208 105 y Fl(Z)3286 90 y Fw(scale.)43 b(Ho)m(w-)0 |
| | 22146 | 198 y(ev)m(er,)33 b(the)e(option)f(exists)h(to)g(go)f(the)i(other)f(w)m |
| | 22147 | (a)m(y)h(and)f(eliminate)d Fj(\013)2500 213 y Fh(e)2537 |
| | 22148 | 198 y Fj(m)j Fw(in)f(fa)m(v)m(our)h(of)g Fj(G)3248 213 |
| | 22149 | y Fl(F)3298 198 y Fw(.)43 b(Curren)m(tly)0 307 y(sin)120 |
| | 22150 | 267 y Fl(2)159 307 y Fj(\022)204 322 y Fh(W)322 307 y |
| | 22151 | Fw(is)36 b(not)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)g(run.)56 b(F)-8 |
| | 22152 | b(or)36 b(the)h(Higgs)f(particle,)h(the)g(couplings)e(to)i(fermions)e |
| | 22153 | (are)i(pro-)0 415 y(p)s(ortional)30 b(to)i(the)h(fermion)e(masses;)j |
| | 22154 | (then)f(also)f(the)h(masses)g(are)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)33 |
| | 22155 | b(at)f(the)37 b(^)-53 b Fj(s)32 b Fw(scale.)146 523 y(In)39 |
| | 22156 | b(summary)-8 b(,)39 b(w)m(e)h(see)g(that)e(an)k(^)-53 |
| | 22157 | b Fj(s)39 b Fw(dep)s(endence)h(ma)m(y)f(en)m(ter)g(sev)m(eral)g |
| | 22158 | (di\013eren)m(t)g(w)m(a)m(ys)h(in)m(to)e(the)0 652 y |
| | 22159 | Fj(H)89 601 y Fl(\()p Fh(f)7 b Fl(\))81 676 y Fh(R)221 |
| | 22160 | 652 y Fw(expressions)33 b(from)e(whic)m(h)h(the)g(total)f |
| | 22161 | Fj(H)1717 667 y Fh(R)1806 652 y Fw(is)g(built)f(up.)44 |
| | 22162 | b(Also)31 b(note)h(that,)g(with)g(the)g(exception)0 760 |
| | 22163 | y(of)j(the)h(term)f(\(s)p Fj(\034)h Fn(\000)25 b Fj(m)862 |
| | 22164 | 724 y Fl(2)862 785 y Fh(R)920 760 y Fw(\))958 724 y Fl(2)1033 |
| | 22165 | 760 y Fw(in)34 b(the)i(denominator)e(of)h(the)h(Breit{Wigner,)f(no)h |
| | 22166 | (memory)e(remains)h(of)0 886 y(the)e(nominal)d Fj(m)627 |
| | 22167 | 901 y Fh(R)717 886 y Fw(mass:)44 b(ev)m(erywhere)36 b(else,)d(what)f |
| | 22168 | (en)m(ters)j(is)d(the)h(actual)e(resonance)j(mass)3486 |
| | 22169 | 801 y Fn(p)p 3569 801 46 4 v 3573 886 a Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)p |
| | 22170 | Fw(.)146 994 y(When)28 b(only)e(deca)m(ys)j(to)d(a)h(sp)s(eci\014c)g |
| | 22171 | (\014nal)f(state)h Fj(f)38 b Fw(are)27 b(considered,)h(the)g |
| | 22172 | Fj(H)2889 1009 y Fh(R)2973 994 y Fw(in)e(the)h(denominator)0 |
| | 22173 | 1102 y(remains)40 b(the)h(sum)f(o)m(v)m(er)i(all)c(allo)m(w)m(ed)i |
| | 22174 | (deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannels,)h(but)e(the)g(n)m(umerator)f(only)g(con)m |
| | 22175 | (tains)h(the)0 1231 y Fj(H)89 1180 y Fl(\()p Fh(f)7 b |
| | 22176 | Fl(\))81 1255 y Fh(R)221 1231 y Fw(term)32 b(of)g(the)h(\014nal)f |
| | 22177 | (state)h(considered.)146 1339 y(If)j(the)h(com)m(bined)e(pro)s(duction) |
| | 22178 | h(and)g(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(cess)g Fj(i)d Fn(!)f Fj(R)h |
| | 22179 | Fn(!)g Fj(f)46 b Fw(is)36 b(considered,)h(the)g(same)j(^)-53 |
| | 22180 | b Fj(s)0 1447 y Fw(dep)s(endence)28 b(is)e(implicit)c(in)j(the)i |
| | 22181 | (coupling)e(structure)i(of)e Fj(i)j Fn(!)g Fj(R)f Fw(as)f(one)g(w)m |
| | 22182 | (ould)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(had)e(in)f Fj(R)k Fn(!)e Fj(i)p |
| | 22183 | Fw(,)0 1556 y(i.e.)54 b(to)36 b(\014rst)h(appro)m(ximation)d(there)j |
| | 22184 | (is)f(a)g(symmetry)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(couplings)e(of)g(a)f(resonance) |
| | 22185 | j(to)e(the)0 1664 y(initial)30 b(and)j(to)g(the)h(\014nal)e(state.)46 |
| | 22186 | b(The)35 b(cross)f(section)k(^)-54 b Fj(\033)38 b Fw(is)32 |
| | 22187 | b(therefore,)j(in)d(the)i(program,)e(written)h(in)0 1772 |
| | 22188 | y(the)g(form)1117 1949 y(^)-54 b Fj(\033)1167 1964 y |
| | 22189 | Fh(i)p Fk(!)p Fh(R)p Fk(!)p Fh(f)1431 1949 y Fw(\()t(^)h |
| | 22190 | Fj(s)p Fw(\))28 b Fn(/)1696 1881 y Fj(\031)p 1696 1926 |
| | 22191 | 59 4 v 1706 2017 a Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)1884 1881 y(H)1973 |
| | 22192 | 1831 y Fl(\()p Fh(i)p Fl(\))1965 1906 y Fh(R)2056 1881 |
| | 22193 | y Fw(\()t(^)g Fj(s)p Fw(\))17 b Fj(H)2284 1831 y Fl(\()p |
| | 22194 | Fh(f)7 b Fl(\))2276 1906 y Fh(R)2383 1881 y Fw(\()t(^)-53 |
| | 22195 | b Fj(s)p Fw(\))p 1791 1926 807 4 v 1791 2017 a(\()t(^)g |
| | 22196 | Fj(s)23 b Fn(\000)f Fj(m)2082 1983 y Fl(2)2082 2042 y |
| | 22197 | Fh(R)2140 2017 y Fw(\))2178 1988 y Fl(2)2240 2017 y Fw(+)g |
| | 22198 | Fj(H)2427 1983 y Fl(2)2419 2042 y Fh(R)2476 2017 y Fw(\()t(^)-53 |
| | 22199 | b Fj(s)p Fw(\))2641 1949 y Fj(:)938 b Fw(\(77\))0 2181 |
| | 22200 | y(As)27 b(a)e(simple)g(example,)i(the)f(cross)h(section)f(for)g(the)g |
| | 22201 | (pro)s(cess)h(e)2307 2145 y Fk(\000)p 2367 2128 55 4 |
| | 22202 | v 2367 2181 a Fj(\027)2421 2196 y Fl(e)2484 2181 y Fn(!)h |
| | 22203 | Fw(W)2713 2145 y Fk(\000)2800 2181 y Fn(!)f Fj(\026)2986 |
| | 22204 | 2145 y Fk(\000)p 3045 2128 V 3045 2181 a Fj(\027)3100 |
| | 22205 | 2196 y Fh(\026)3172 2181 y Fw(can)f(b)s(e)h(written)0 |
| | 22206 | 2289 y(as)1171 2465 y(^)-54 b Fj(\033)t Fw(\()t(^)h Fj(s)p |
| | 22207 | Fw(\))28 b(=)f(12)1602 2398 y Fj(\031)p 1602 2442 59 |
| | 22208 | 4 v 1612 2534 a Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)1810 2398 y(H)1899 2347 |
| | 22209 | y Fl(\()p Fh(i)p Fl(\))1891 2422 y(W)1982 2398 y Fw(\()t(^)g |
| | 22210 | Fj(s)p Fw(\))17 b Fj(H)2210 2347 y Fl(\()p Fh(f)7 b Fl(\))2202 |
| | 22211 | 2422 y(W)2309 2398 y Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(\))p 1698 |
| | 22212 | 2442 847 4 v 1698 2534 a(\()t(^)g Fj(s)22 b Fn(\000)g |
| | 22213 | Fj(m)1988 2499 y Fl(2)1988 2558 y(W)2066 2534 y Fw(\))2104 |
| | 22214 | 2505 y Fl(2)2166 2534 y Fw(+)g Fj(H)2353 2499 y Fl(2)2345 |
| | 22215 | 2558 y(W)2422 2534 y Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(\))2586 |
| | 22216 | 2465 y Fj(;)993 b Fw(\(78\))0 2690 y(where)1178 2841 |
| | 22217 | y Fj(H)1267 2790 y Fl(\()p Fh(i)p Fl(\))1259 2865 y(W)1349 |
| | 22218 | 2841 y Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(\))28 b(=)f Fj(H)1691 |
| | 22219 | 2790 y Fl(\()p Fh(f)7 b Fl(\))1683 2865 y(W)1791 2841 |
| | 22220 | y Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(\))27 b(=)2123 2773 y Fj(\013)2185 |
| | 22221 | 2788 y Fl(em)2279 2773 y Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(\))p |
| | 22222 | 2054 2817 416 4 v 2054 2910 a(24)33 b(sin)2304 2870 y |
| | 22223 | Fl(2)2344 2910 y Fj(\022)2389 2925 y Fh(W)2500 2841 y |
| | 22224 | Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)33 b(:)1004 b Fw(\(79\))0 3062 y(If)46 |
| | 22225 | b(the)g(e\013ects)g(of)g(sev)m(eral)g(initial)c(and/or)j(\014nal)g |
| | 22226 | (states)h(are)g(studied,)j(it)c(is)g(straigh)m(tforw)m(ard)g(to)0 |
| | 22227 | 3170 y(in)m(tro)s(duce)33 b(an)f(appropriate)g(summation)e(in)i(the)h |
| | 22228 | (n)m(umerator.)146 3299 y(The)47 b(analogy)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)e |
| | 22229 | Fj(H)1394 3248 y Fl(\()p Fh(f)7 b Fl(\))1386 3323 y Fh(R)1539 |
| | 22230 | 3299 y Fw(and)46 b Fj(H)1831 3248 y Fl(\()p Fh(i)p Fl(\))1823 |
| | 22231 | 3323 y Fh(R)1960 3299 y Fw(cannot)g(b)s(e)g(pushed)h(to)s(o)e(far,)k |
| | 22232 | (ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)86 b(The)0 3407 y(t)m(w)m(o)31 b(di\013er)f(in)g |
| | 22233 | (sev)m(eral)h(imp)s(ortan)m(t)e(asp)s(ects.)44 b(Firstly)-8 |
| | 22234 | b(,)30 b(colour)f(factors)i(app)s(ear)f(rev)m(ersed:)45 |
| | 22235 | b(the)31 b(deca)m(y)0 3515 y Fj(R)e Fn(!)e Fw(q)p 281 |
| | 22236 | 3462 52 4 v(q)d(con)m(tains)g(a)f(colour)g(factor)g Fj(N)1434 |
| | 22237 | 3530 y Fh(C)1521 3515 y Fw(=)k(3)c(enhancemen)m(t,)k(while)c(q)p |
| | 22238 | 2601 3462 V(q)28 b Fn(!)g Fj(R)c Fw(is)f(instead)h(suppressed)0 |
| | 22239 | 3624 y(b)m(y)40 b(a)e(factor)g(1)p Fj(=)-5 b(N)685 3639 |
| | 22240 | y Fh(C)782 3624 y Fw(=)38 b(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(3.)61 b(Secondly)-8 |
| | 22241 | b(,)41 b(the)e(1)26 b(+)g Fj(\013)1980 3639 y Fl(s)2012 |
| | 22242 | 3624 y Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(\))p Fj(=\031)42 b Fw(\014rst-order)d |
| | 22243 | (correction)g(factor)f(for)g(the)0 3732 y(\014nal)c(state)i(has)f(to)f |
| | 22244 | (b)s(e)i(replaced)f(b)m(y)h(a)e(more)g(complicated)g |
| | 22245 | Fj(K)42 b Fw(factor)34 b(for)h(the)g(initial)c(state.)51 |
| | 22246 | b(This)0 3840 y(factor)33 b(is)h(not)g(usually)f(kno)m(wn,)i(or)f(it)f |
| | 22247 | (is)g(kno)m(wn)j(\(to)d(\014rst)h(non-trivial)d(order\))j(but)h(to)s(o) |
| | 22248 | e(length)m(y)h(to)0 3949 y(b)s(e)j(included)f(in)f(the)i(program.)54 |
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| | 22250 | (space-lik)m(e.)55 b(All)35 b(the)0 4057 y(threshold)h(suppression)i |
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| | 22254 | 4134 y Fl(\()p Fh(f)7 b Fl(\))1698 4210 y Fh(R)1806 4185 |
| | 22255 | y Fw({)p Fj(H)1944 4134 y Fl(\()p Fh(i)p Fl(\))1936 4210 |
| | 22256 | y Fh(R)2056 4185 y Fw(analogy)28 b(is)h(mainly)e(useful)j(as)g(a)f |
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| | 22260 | (v)m(olv)m(ed)f(in)e(gg)e Fn(!)e Fw(H)1740 4366 y Fl(0)1812 |
| | 22261 | 4402 y Fw(and)33 b(H)2075 4366 y Fl(0)2142 4402 y Fn(!)28 |
| | 22262 | b Fw(gg)q(,)k(whic)m(h)h(is)f(only)g(co)s(ded)h(once.)146 |
| | 22263 | 4510 y(It)38 b(is)e(of)h(some)g(in)m(terest)h(to)f(consider)h(the)f |
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| | 22269 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))28 b Fn(/)g Fw(1)p Fj(=x)j Fw(for)g(small)e |
| | 22270 | Fj(x)j Fw(|)f(this)g(is)g(wh)m(y)0 4835 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 22271 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))38 b(is)f(replaced)i(b)m(y)f Fj(xf)11 b |
| | 22272 | Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))39 b(in)e(eq.)60 b(\(69\).)f(Instead,)41 |
| | 22273 | b(the)d(basic)g(parton-distribution)e(b)s(eha)m(viour)0 |
| | 22274 | 4944 y(is)f(shifted)g(in)m(to)f(the)i(factor)e(of)h(1)p |
| | 22275 | Fj(=\034)46 b Fw(in)34 b(the)i(in)m(tegration)d(phase)j(space)g(d)p |
| | 22276 | Fj(\034)11 b(=\034)g Fw(,)37 b(cf.)51 b(eq.)36 b(\(73\).)51 |
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| | 22278 | (w)m(o)e(e\013ects)h(app)s(ear.)42 b(One)28 b(is)g(that)f(the)h(o)m(v)m |
| | 22279 | (erall)f(resonance)0 5161 y(is)42 b(tilted:)62 b(the)42 |
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| | 22284 | Fw(0,)j(eq.)66 b(\(77\))40 b(with)f Fj(H)1062 5392 y |
| | 22285 | Fh(R)1120 5377 y Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(\))40 b Fn(/)k |
| | 22286 | Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)40 b Fw(giv)m(es)h(a)j(^)-54 b Fj(\033)t |
| | 22287 | Fw(\()t(^)h Fj(s)p Fw(\))40 b Fn(/)45 b Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)40 |
| | 22288 | b Fn(/)h Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)42 b(whic)m(h)e(exactly)h(cancels)f(the)g(1) |
| | 22289 | p Fj(=\034)0 5486 y Fw(factor)33 b(men)m(tioned)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)48 |
| | 22290 | b(Na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(ely)-8 b(,)34 b(the)g(in)m(tegral)e(o)m |
| | 22291 | (v)m(er)j Fj(y)t Fw(,)2293 5414 y Fg(R)2365 5486 y Fw(d)p |
| | 22292 | Fj(y)d Fw(=)e Fn(\000)17 b Fw(ln)f Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)34 |
| | 22293 | b(therefore)h(giv)m(es)f(a)f(net)0 5594 y(logarithmic)e(div)m(ergence)k |
| | 22294 | (of)f(the)h(resonance)h(shap)s(e)f(when)g Fj(\034)43 |
| | 22295 | b Fn(!)30 b Fw(0.)49 b(Clearly)-8 b(,)34 b(it)f(is)h(then)h(necessary) |
| | 22296 | 1841 5953 y(94)p eop |
| | 22297 | %%Page: 95 101 |
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| | 22299 | (parton)g(distributions)f(in)h(more)f(detail.)41 b(A)m(t)29 |
| | 22300 | b(not-to)s(o-small)c Fj(Q)3547 -55 y Fl(2)3587 -18 y |
| | 22301 | Fw(,)30 b(the)0 90 y(ev)m(olution)36 b(equations)g(in)g(fact)h(lead)e |
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| | 22304 | b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))44 b Fn(/)f Fj(x)1102 162 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 22305 | Fl(0)p Fh(:)p Fl(3)1252 198 y Fw(,)g(and)f(therefore)g(a)f(div)m |
| | 22306 | (ergence)i(lik)m(e)e Fj(\034)2756 162 y Fk(\000)p Fl(0)p |
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| | 22308 | 307 y(expression.)82 b(Ev)m(en)m(tually)46 b(this)f(div)m(ergence)h(is) |
| | 22309 | f(regularized)f(b)m(y)i(a)f(closing)f(of)h(the)g(phase)h(space,)0 |
| | 22310 | 415 y(i.e.)55 b(that)36 b Fj(H)476 430 y Fh(R)533 415 |
| | 22311 | y Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(\))37 b(v)-5 b(anishes)37 |
| | 22312 | b(faster)f(than)41 b(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(,)37 b(and)g(b)m(y)g(a)f(less)h |
| | 22313 | (drastic)f(small-)p Fj(x)e Fw(parton-distribution)0 523 |
| | 22314 | y(b)s(eha)m(viour)f(when)g Fj(Q)784 487 y Fl(2)852 523 |
| | 22315 | y Fn(\031)f Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(0.)146 632 |
| | 22316 | y(The)37 b(secondary)g(p)s(eak)f(at)f(small)e Fj(\034)47 |
| | 22317 | b Fw(ma)m(y)35 b(giv)m(e)g(a)g(rather)h(high)e(cross)j(section,)f(whic) |
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| | 22319 | (ordinary)f(p)s(eak)g(around)h(the)g(nominal)c(mass.)52 |
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| | 22322 | (er)h(b)s(een)f(observ)m(ed)i(exp)s(erimen)m(tally)-8 |
| | 22323 | b(,)30 b(but)i(this)f(is)g(not)0 957 y(surprising,)43 |
| | 22324 | b(since)e(the)h(bac)m(kground)g(from)e(other)h(pro)s(cesses)j(is)c(o)m |
| | 22325 | (v)m(erwhelming)h(at)g(lo)m(w)k(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(.)69 |
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| | 22327 | (transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum)d(is)g(far)g(more)h(lik)m(ely)e(to)i(come) |
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| | 22329 | g(hadron)h(than)g(from)e(a)i(`W)q(')h(of)e(a)h(mass)g(of)f(a)h(few)h |
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| | 22340 | (simplest)g Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)g(graph)g(in)f(the)0 |
| | 22341 | 1823 y(calculation.)39 b(It)25 b(is)g(this)f(`signal')g(graph)h(that)g |
| | 22342 | (has)h(a)e(p)s(eak)i(at)f(the)g(p)s(osition)f(of)h(the)g(resonance,)j |
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| | 22344 | (cross)j(sections)f(than)g(the)g(other)g(`bac)m(kground')h(graphs.)59 |
| | 22345 | b(Aw)m(a)m(y)0 2040 y(from)39 b(the)h(resonance)i(p)s(osition,)e |
| | 22346 | (`signal')e(and)i(`bac)m(kground')i(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)i(of)e(comparable)g |
| | 22347 | (order,)j(or)0 2148 y(the)34 b(`bac)m(kground')g(ma)m(y)f(ev)m(en)i |
| | 22348 | (dominate.)45 b(There)34 b(is)f(a)g(quan)m(tum)h(mec)m(hanical)e(in)m |
| | 22349 | (terference)i(when)0 2257 y(some)26 b(of)f(the)i(`signal')d(and)i(`bac) |
| | 22350 | m(kground')h(graphs)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)e(same)g(initial)c(and)k |
| | 22351 | (\014nal)f(state,)j(and)e(this)0 2365 y(in)m(terference)35 |
| | 22352 | b(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)h(destructiv)m(e)h(or)e(constructiv)m(e.)48 |
| | 22353 | b(When)34 b(the)g(in)m(terference)h(is)e(non-negligible,)0 |
| | 22354 | 2473 y(it)27 b(is)h(no)g(longer)f(meaningful)f(to)i(sp)s(eak)h(of)e(a)h |
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| | 22356 | (the)0 2582 y(scattering)h(of)h(longitudinal)c(W)q('s,)31 |
| | 22357 | b(W)1420 2541 y Fl(+)1419 2606 y(L)1480 2582 y Fw(W)1581 |
| | 22358 | 2541 y Fk(\000)1580 2606 y Fl(L)1668 2582 y Fn(!)d Fw(W)1897 |
| | 22359 | 2541 y Fl(+)1896 2606 y(L)1956 2582 y Fw(W)2057 2541 |
| | 22360 | y Fk(\000)2056 2606 y Fl(L)2117 2582 y Fw(,)i(where)h(the)f(`signal')e |
| | 22361 | (pro)s(cess)j(is)f Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)0 2690 y(exc)m(hange)36 |
| | 22362 | b(of)e(a)g(Higgs.)47 b(This)35 b(graph)f(b)m(y)h(itself)e(is)h(ill-b)s |
| | 22363 | (eha)m(v)m(ed)f(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)i(from)e(the)i(resonance)g(region.)0 |
| | 22364 | 2798 y(Destructiv)m(e)f(in)m(terference)h(with)e(`bac)m(kground')h |
| | 22365 | (graphs)g(suc)m(h)h(as)f Fj(t)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)f(exc)m(hange)i(of)e(a)g |
| | 22366 | (Higgs)0 2907 y(and)g Fj(s)p Fw(-)f(and)g Fj(t)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)h(exc)m |
| | 22367 | (hange)h(of)e(a)h Fj(\015)5 b(=)p Fw(Z)32 b(is)g(required)h(to)f(sa)m |
| | 22368 | (v)m(e)i(unitarit)m(y)e(at)g(large)f(energies.)146 3015 |
| | 22369 | y(In)j(e)312 2979 y Fl(+)371 3015 y Fw(e)414 2979 y Fk(\000)507 |
| | 22370 | 3015 y Fw(colliders,)d(the)j Fj(f)1142 2979 y Fl(e)1131 |
| | 22371 | 3040 y(e)1210 3015 y Fw(parton)f(distribution)e(is)i(p)s(eak)m(ed)h(at) |
| | 22372 | f Fj(x)c Fw(=)f(1)33 b(rather)g(than)g(at)g Fj(x)c Fw(=)g(0.)0 |
| | 22373 | 3123 y(The)36 b(situation)d(therefore)i(is)f(the)h(opp)s(osite,)g(if)e |
| | 22374 | (one)i(considers)g(e.g.)50 b(Z)2659 3087 y Fl(0)2733 |
| | 22375 | 3123 y Fw(pro)s(duction)34 b(in)g(a)g(mac)m(hine)0 3232 |
| | 22376 | y(running)j(at)g(energies)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f Fj(m)1233 |
| | 22377 | 3247 y Fl(Z)1281 3232 y Fw(:)53 b(the)38 b(tail)e(to)m(w)m(ards)j(lo)m |
| | 22378 | (w)m(er)e(masses)i(is)e(suppressed)j(and)e(the)g(one)0 |
| | 22379 | 3340 y(to)m(w)m(ards)44 b(higher)e(masses)i(enhanced,)j(with)c(a)f |
| | 22380 | (sharp)i(secondary)g(p)s(eak)f(at)g(around)g(the)g(nominal)0 |
| | 22381 | 3448 y(energy)49 b(of)e(the)i(mac)m(hine.)89 b(Also)47 |
| | 22382 | b(in)g(this)h(case,)53 b(an)48 b(appropriate)f(de\014nition)g(of)g |
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| | 22384 | (additional)d(complications)g(due)k(to)e(the)i(in)m(terference)g(b)s |
| | 22385 | (et)m(w)m(een)h Fj(\015)3740 3521 y Fk(\003)0 3665 y |
| | 22386 | Fw(and)k(Z)251 3629 y Fl(0)290 3665 y Fw(.)49 b(When)35 |
| | 22387 | b(other)g(pro)s(cesses)h(are)e(considered,)i(problems)d(of)h(in)m |
| | 22388 | (terference)h(with)f(bac)m(kground)0 3774 y(app)s(ears)43 |
| | 22389 | b(also)e(here.)73 b(Numerically)40 b(the)i(problems)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 22390 | (less)g(pressing,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)i(since)c(the)0 |
| | 22391 | 3882 y(secondary)j(p)s(eak)g(is)e(o)s(ccuring)g(in)g(a)h(high-mass)e |
| | 22392 | (region,)48 b(rather)c(than)h(in)f(a)h(more)f(complicated)0 |
| | 22393 | 3990 y(lo)m(w-mass)37 b(one.)59 b(F)-8 b(urther,)39 b(in)e(e)1202 |
| | 22394 | 3954 y Fl(+)1262 3990 y Fw(e)1305 3954 y Fk(\000)1402 |
| | 22395 | 3990 y Fw(there)h(is)f(little)f(uncertain)m(t)m(y)i(from)f(the)h(shap)s |
| | 22396 | (e)g(of)g(the)g(parton)0 4099 y(distributions.)146 4207 |
| | 22397 | y(In)33 b(2)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(2)k(pro)s(cesses)j(where)f(a)e(pair)g(of)g |
| | 22398 | (resonances)j(are)e(pro)s(duced,)h(e.g.)44 b(e)2984 4171 |
| | 22399 | y Fl(+)3043 4207 y Fw(e)3086 4171 y Fk(\000)3173 4207 |
| | 22400 | y Fn(!)28 b Fw(Z)3361 4171 y Fl(0)3400 4207 y Fw(H)3473 |
| | 22401 | 4171 y Fl(0)3513 4207 y Fw(,)33 b(cross)0 4315 y(section)c(are)g |
| | 22402 | (almost)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)j(giv)m(en)f(in)f(the)h(zero-width)g(appro)m |
| | 22403 | (ximation)e(for)h(the)i(resonances.)44 b(Here)0 4424 |
| | 22404 | y(t)m(w)m(o)33 b(substitutions)g(of)f(the)h(t)m(yp)s(e)673 |
| | 22405 | 4686 y(1)28 b(=)853 4569 y Fg(Z)953 4686 y Fj(\016)t |
| | 22406 | Fw(\()p Fj(m)1123 4645 y Fl(2)1185 4686 y Fn(\000)22 |
| | 22407 | b Fj(m)1369 4645 y Fl(2)1369 4711 y Fh(R)1427 4686 y |
| | 22408 | Fw(\))17 b Fj(dm)1618 4645 y Fl(2)1685 4686 y Fn(!)1812 |
| | 22409 | 4569 y Fg(Z)1927 4619 y Fw(1)p 1922 4663 59 4 v 1922 |
| | 22410 | 4755 a Fj(\031)2330 4619 y(m)2415 4634 y Fh(R)2473 4619 |
| | 22411 | y Fw(\000)2534 4634 y Fh(R)p 2017 4663 887 4 v 2017 4755 |
| | 22412 | a Fw(\()p Fj(m)2140 4726 y Fl(2)2202 4755 y Fn(\000)23 |
| | 22413 | b Fj(m)2387 4720 y Fl(2)2387 4779 y Fh(R)2445 4755 y |
| | 22414 | Fw(\))2483 4726 y Fl(2)2544 4755 y Fw(+)f Fj(m)2727 4720 |
| | 22415 | y Fl(2)2727 4779 y Fh(R)2785 4755 y Fw(\000)2846 4720 |
| | 22416 | y Fl(2)2846 4779 y Fh(R)2931 4686 y Fj(dm)3067 4645 y |
| | 22417 | Fl(2)3606 4686 y Fw(\(80\))0 4966 y(are)37 b(used)h(to)f(in)m(tro)s |
| | 22418 | (duce)f(mass)h(distributions)f(for)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(resonance)g |
| | 22419 | (masses,)h(i.e.)56 b Fj(m)3357 4930 y Fl(2)3357 4991 |
| | 22420 | y(3)3434 4966 y Fw(and)37 b Fj(m)3713 4930 y Fl(2)3713 |
| | 22421 | 4991 y(4)3752 4966 y Fw(.)0 5075 y(In)42 b(the)f(form)m(ula,)h |
| | 22422 | Fj(m)788 5090 y Fh(R)887 5075 y Fw(is)f(the)h(nominal)d(mass)i(and)g |
| | 22423 | Fj(m)h Fw(the)f(actually)f(selected)j(one.)70 b(The)42 |
| | 22424 | b(phase-)0 5183 y(space)36 b(in)m(tegral)e(o)m(v)m(er)i |
| | 22425 | Fj(x)887 5198 y Fl(1)927 5183 y Fw(,)g Fj(x)1045 5198 |
| | 22426 | y Fl(1)1120 5183 y Fw(and)1314 5165 y(^)1313 5183 y Fj(t)f |
| | 22427 | Fw(in)g(eq.)52 b(\(69\))35 b(is)f(then)i(extended)i(to)c(in)m(v)m(olv)m |
| | 22428 | (e)i(also)e Fj(m)3360 5147 y Fl(2)3360 5208 y(3)3435 |
| | 22429 | 5183 y Fw(and)i Fj(m)3713 5147 y Fl(2)3713 5208 y(4)3752 |
| | 22430 | 5183 y Fw(.)0 5292 y(The)h(e\013ects)g(of)e(the)i(mass-dep)s(enden)m(t) |
| | 22431 | g(width)f(is)f(only)g(partly)g(tak)m(en)i(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t,)j(b)m |
| | 22432 | (y)f(replacing)0 5400 y(the)h(nominal)d(masses)k Fj(m)964 |
| | 22433 | 5364 y Fl(2)964 5424 y(3)1041 5400 y Fw(and)f Fj(m)1321 |
| | 22434 | 5364 y Fl(2)1321 5424 y(4)1399 5400 y Fw(in)f(the)h(d)5 |
| | 22435 | b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)t(=)p Fw(d)1908 5381 y(^)1907 5400 |
| | 22436 | y Fj(t)38 b Fw(expression)h(b)m(y)g(the)f(actually)e(generated)j(ones)0 |
| | 22437 | 5529 y(\(also)k(e.g.)78 b(in)44 b(the)g(relation)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een) |
| | 22438 | 1533 5510 y(^)1532 5529 y Fj(t)i Fw(and)g(cos)1967 5502 |
| | 22439 | y(^)1959 5529 y Fj(\022)s Fw(\),)j(while)d(the)g(widths)g(are)h(ev)-5 |
| | 22440 | b(aluated)43 b(at)h(the)0 5637 y(nominal)33 b(masses.)52 |
| | 22441 | b(This)35 b(is)g(the)g(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)35 b(of)g(a)g(simple)f |
| | 22442 | (replacemen)m(t)h(of)g Fj(m)2957 5652 y Fh(R)3015 5637 |
| | 22443 | y Fw(\000)3076 5652 y Fh(R)3169 5637 y Fw(b)m(y)40 b(^)-53 |
| | 22444 | b Fj(s)p Fw(\000)3414 5652 y Fh(R)3471 5637 y Fj(=m)3605 |
| | 22445 | 5652 y Fh(R)3698 5637 y Fw(in)1841 5953 y(95)p eop |
| | 22446 | %%Page: 96 102 |
| | 22447 | 96 101 bop 0 -18 a Fw(the)39 b(n)m(umerator)g(of)f(eq.)64 |
| | 22448 | b(\(74\),)40 b(but)f(not)g(in)f(the)i(denominator.)61 |
| | 22449 | b(In)39 b(addition,)g(the)g(full)e(threshold)0 90 y(dep)s(endence,)e |
| | 22450 | (i.e.)43 b(the)33 b Fj(\014)6 b Fw(-dep)s(enden)m(t)34 |
| | 22451 | b(factors,)e(is)g(not)h(repro)s(duced.)146 198 y(There)i(is)e(no)g |
| | 22452 | (particular)e(reason)j(wh)m(y)h(the)e(full)f(mass-dep)s(endence)j |
| | 22453 | (could)e(not)g(b)s(e)g(in)m(tro)s(duced,)0 307 y(except)42 |
| | 22454 | b(for)e(the)h(extra)g(w)m(ork)h(and)f(time)e(consumption)h(needed)i |
| | 22455 | (for)e(eac)m(h)i(pro)s(cess.)69 b(In)41 b(fact,)h(the)0 |
| | 22456 | 415 y(matrix)c(elemen)m(ts)i(for)g(sev)m(eral)g Fj(\015)1270 |
| | 22457 | 379 y Fk(\003)1310 415 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1419 379 y Fl(0)1497 |
| | 22458 | 415 y Fw(pro)s(duction)f(pro)s(cesses)j(do)e(con)m(tain)f(the)i(full)d |
| | 22459 | (expressions.)0 523 y(On)32 b(the)h(other)f(hand,)h(the)f(matrix)f |
| | 22460 | (elemen)m(ts)h(giv)m(en)g(in)g(the)g(literature)f(are)h(often)g(v)-5 |
| | 22461 | b(alid)31 b(only)g(when)0 632 y(the)f(resonances)h(are)f(almost)d(on)j |
| | 22462 | (the)g(mass)f(shell,)h(since)f(some)h(graphs)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)h |
| | 22463 | (omitted.)41 b(As)30 b(an)0 740 y(example,)e(the)f(pro)s(cess)h(q)p |
| | 22464 | 952 687 52 4 v(q)h Fn(!)e Fw(e)1202 704 y Fk(\000)p 1262 |
| | 22465 | 687 55 4 v 1262 740 a Fj(\027)1316 755 y Fl(e)1352 740 |
| | 22466 | y Fj(\026)1411 704 y Fl(+)1469 740 y Fj(\027)1517 755 |
| | 22467 | y Fh(\026)1591 740 y Fw(is)g(dominated)f(b)m(y)i(q)p |
| | 22468 | 2342 687 52 4 v(q)g Fn(!)f Fw(W)2649 704 y Fk(\000)2709 |
| | 22469 | 740 y Fw(W)2810 704 y Fl(+)2897 740 y Fw(when)h(eac)m(h)g(of)e(the)i(t) |
| | 22470 | m(w)m(o)0 848 y(lepton)35 b(pairs)g(is)g(close)h(to)f |
| | 22471 | Fj(m)1088 863 y Fl(W)1201 848 y Fw(in)g(mass,)i(but)e(in)g(general)g |
| | 22472 | (also)g(receiv)m(es)i(con)m(tributions)e(e.g.)53 b(from)0 |
| | 22473 | 957 y(q)p 51 904 V(q)29 b Fn(!)e Fw(Z)318 920 y Fl(0)385 |
| | 22474 | 957 y Fn(!)g Fw(e)555 920 y Fl(+)614 957 y Fw(e)657 920 |
| | 22475 | y Fk(\000)717 957 y Fw(,)j(follo)m(w)m(ed)e(b)m(y)i(e)1322 |
| | 22476 | 920 y Fl(+)1409 957 y Fn(!)p 1536 904 55 4 v 27 w Fj(\027)1591 |
| | 22477 | 972 y Fl(e)1626 957 y Fw(W)1727 920 y Fl(+)1816 957 y |
| | 22478 | Fw(and)f(W)2103 920 y Fl(+)2191 957 y Fn(!)e Fj(\026)2377 |
| | 22479 | 920 y Fl(+)2436 957 y Fj(\027)2484 972 y Fh(\026)2530 |
| | 22480 | 957 y Fw(.)43 b(The)30 b(latter)e(con)m(tributions)g(are)0 |
| | 22481 | 1065 y(neglected)33 b(in)f(cross)h(sections)h(giv)m(en)e(in)g(the)h |
| | 22482 | (zero-width)g(appro)m(ximation.)146 1173 y(Pro)s(cesses)e(with)e(one)g |
| | 22483 | (\014nal-state)f(resonance)i(and)f(another)f(ordinary)g(\014nal-state)g |
| | 22484 | (pro)s(duct,)i(e.g.)0 1282 y(qg)35 b Fn(!)e Fw(W)369 |
| | 22485 | 1245 y Fl(+)429 1282 y Fw(q)480 1245 y Fk(0)504 1282 |
| | 22486 | y Fw(,)k(are)f(treated)g(in)f(the)i(same)f(spirit)e(as)j(the)f(2)d |
| | 22487 | Fn(!)g Fw(2)j(pro)s(cesses)i(with)e(t)m(w)m(o)h(resonances,)0 |
| | 22488 | 1390 y(except)d(that)f(only)f(one)g(mass)h(need)h(b)s(e)e(selected)i |
| | 22489 | (according)e(to)g(a)h(Breit{Wigner.)0 1663 y Fp(7.4)135 |
| | 22490 | b(Cross-section)46 b(Calculations)0 1836 y Fw(In)c(the)g(program,)h |
| | 22491 | (the)g(v)-5 b(ariables)40 b(used)j(in)e(the)i(generation)e(of)g(a)h(2)h |
| | 22492 | Fn(!)g Fw(2)f(pro)s(cess)h(are)f Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)44 |
| | 22493 | b Fj(y)h Fw(and)0 1959 y Fj(z)35 b Fw(=)c(cos)342 1933 |
| | 22494 | y(^)334 1959 y Fj(\022)s Fw(.)49 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(a)h(2)c |
| | 22495 | Fn(!)g Fw(1)k(pro)s(cess,)i(the)f Fj(z)k Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)33 |
| | 22496 | b(can)h(b)s(e)h(in)m(tegrated)f(out,)g(and)h(need)g(therefore)0 |
| | 22497 | 2067 y(not)h(b)s(e)g(generated)h(as)f(part)g(of)f(the)i(hard)f(pro)s |
| | 22498 | (cess,)i(except)g(when)f(the)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(angular)g(range)h(of)0 |
| | 22499 | 2176 y(deca)m(ys)30 b(is)e(restricted.)42 b(In)29 b(unresolv)m(ed)g |
| | 22500 | (lepton)f(b)s(eams,)h(i.e.)41 b(when)30 b Fj(f)2560 2139 |
| | 22501 | y Fl(e)2549 2200 y(e)2595 2176 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))e(=)f |
| | 22502 | Fj(\016)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)13 b Fn(\000)g Fw(1\),)30 b(the)f(v)-5 |
| | 22503 | b(ariables)0 2284 y Fj(\034)46 b Fw(and/or)34 b Fj(y)j |
| | 22504 | Fw(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)g(in)m(tegrated)g(out.)49 b(W)-8 b(e)35 |
| | 22505 | b(will)c(co)m(v)m(er)36 b(all)c(these)k(sp)s(ecial)d(cases)j(to)m(w)m |
| | 22506 | (ards)f(the)g(end)0 2392 y(of)d(the)h(section,)g(and)g(here)g(concen)m |
| | 22507 | (trate)h(on)e(`standard')i(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(2)33 b(and)f(2)c |
| | 22508 | Fn(!)f Fw(1)32 b(pro)s(cesses.)0 2639 y Fo(7.4.1)112 |
| | 22509 | b(The)38 b(simple)e Fw(2)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(2)37 b Fo(pro)s(cesses)0 |
| | 22510 | 2812 y Fw(In)31 b(the)g(spirit)e(of)h(section)g(4.1,)h(w)m(e)g(w)m(an)m |
| | 22511 | (t)g(to)g(select)g(simple)d(functions)j(suc)m(h)h(that)e(the)h(true)f |
| | 22512 | Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)32 b Fj(y)h Fw(and)0 2920 y Fj(z)38 |
| | 22513 | b Fw(dep)s(endence)d(of)e(the)g(cross)h(sections)g(is)e(appro)m |
| | 22514 | (ximately)g(mo)s(delled.)43 b(In)33 b(particular,)e(\(almost\))h(all)0 |
| | 22515 | 3029 y(conceiv)-5 b(able)24 b(kinematical)d(p)s(eaks)k(should)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 22516 | (represen)m(ted)h(b)m(y)f(separate)g(terms)f(in)g(the)g(appro)m(ximate) |
| | 22517 | 0 3137 y(form)m(ulae.)39 b(If)25 b(this)g(can)h(b)s(e)f(ac)m(hiev)m |
| | 22518 | (ed,)j(the)d(ratio)f(of)g(the)i(correct)g(to)e(the)i(appro)m(ximate)e |
| | 22519 | (cross)i(sections)0 3245 y(will)k(not)j(\015uctuate)g(to)s(o)f(m)m(uc)m |
| | 22520 | (h,)h(but)g(allo)m(w)e(reasonable)h(Mon)m(te)i(Carlo)d(e\016ciency)-8 |
| | 22521 | b(.)146 3354 y(Therefore)35 b(the)f(v)-5 b(ariables)33 |
| | 22522 | b(are)h(generated)g(according)f(to)h(the)g(distributions)e |
| | 22523 | Fj(h)3130 3369 y Fh(\034)3174 3354 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 |
| | 22524 | b Fw(\),)34 b Fj(h)3420 3369 y Fh(y)3462 3354 y Fw(\()p |
| | 22525 | Fj(y)t Fw(\))e(and)0 3462 y Fj(h)56 3477 y Fh(z)96 3462 |
| | 22526 | y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\),)h(where)h(normally)468 3721 y |
| | 22527 | Fj(h)524 3736 y Fh(\034)567 3721 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 |
| | 22528 | b Fw(\))84 b(=)955 3654 y Fj(c)997 3669 y Fl(1)p 949 |
| | 22529 | 3698 94 4 v 949 3789 a Fn(I)1003 3804 y Fl(1)1081 3654 |
| | 22530 | y Fw(1)p 1079 3698 54 4 v 1079 3789 a Fj(\034)1164 3721 |
| | 22531 | y Fw(+)1279 3654 y Fj(c)1321 3669 y Fl(2)p 1272 3698 |
| | 22532 | 94 4 v 1272 3789 a Fn(I)1326 3804 y Fl(2)1425 3654 y |
| | 22533 | Fw(1)p 1403 3698 93 4 v 1403 3789 a Fj(\034)1456 3761 |
| | 22534 | y Fl(2)1528 3721 y Fw(+)1642 3654 y Fj(c)1684 3669 y |
| | 22535 | Fl(3)p 1636 3698 94 4 v 1636 3789 a Fn(I)1690 3804 y |
| | 22536 | Fl(3)1943 3654 y Fw(1)p 1766 3698 404 4 v 1766 3789 a |
| | 22537 | Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(\034)34 b Fw(+)22 b Fj(\034)2073 |
| | 22538 | 3804 y Fh(R)2131 3789 y Fw(\))2201 3721 y(+)2315 3654 |
| | 22539 | y Fj(c)2357 3669 y Fl(4)p 2309 3698 94 4 v 2309 3789 |
| | 22540 | a Fn(I)2363 3804 y Fl(4)2846 3654 y Fw(1)p 2439 3698 |
| | 22541 | 862 4 v 2439 3789 a(\()p Fj(s\034)34 b Fn(\000)22 b Fj(m)2783 |
| | 22542 | 3755 y Fl(2)2783 3814 y Fh(R)2841 3789 y Fw(\))2879 3761 |
| | 22543 | y Fl(2)2941 3789 y Fw(+)g Fj(m)3124 3755 y Fl(2)3124 |
| | 22544 | 3814 y Fh(R)3182 3789 y Fw(\000)3243 3755 y Fl(2)3243 |
| | 22545 | 3814 y Fh(R)939 3979 y Fw(+)1031 3912 y Fj(c)1073 3927 |
| | 22546 | y Fl(5)p 1025 3956 94 4 v 1025 4047 a Fn(I)1079 4062 |
| | 22547 | y Fl(5)1343 3912 y Fw(1)p 1155 3956 426 4 v 1155 4047 |
| | 22548 | a Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(\034)34 b Fw(+)22 b Fj(\034)1462 |
| | 22549 | 4062 y Fh(R)1515 4043 y Fd(0)1542 4047 y Fw(\))1612 3979 |
| | 22550 | y(+)1726 3912 y Fj(c)1768 3927 y Fl(6)p 1720 3956 94 |
| | 22551 | 4 v 1720 4047 a Fn(I)1774 4062 y Fl(6)2290 3912 y Fw(1)p |
| | 22552 | 1850 3956 929 4 v 1850 4047 a(\()p Fj(s\034)34 b Fn(\000)23 |
| | 22553 | b Fj(m)2195 4013 y Fl(2)2195 4073 y Fh(R)2248 4054 y |
| | 22554 | Fd(0)2275 4047 y Fw(\))2313 4019 y Fl(2)2375 4047 y Fw(+)f |
| | 22555 | Fj(m)2558 4013 y Fl(2)2558 4073 y Fh(R)2611 4054 y Fd(0)2638 |
| | 22556 | 4047 y Fw(\000)2699 4013 y Fl(2)2699 4073 y Fh(R)2752 |
| | 22557 | 4054 y Fd(0)2821 3979 y Fj(;)758 b Fw(\(81\))472 4261 |
| | 22558 | y Fj(h)528 4276 y Fh(y)570 4261 y Fw(\()p Fj(y)t Fw(\))82 |
| | 22559 | b(=)955 4194 y Fj(c)997 4209 y Fl(1)p 949 4238 94 4 v |
| | 22560 | 949 4330 a Fn(I)1003 4345 y Fl(1)1069 4261 y Fw(\()p |
| | 22561 | Fj(y)25 b Fn(\000)e Fj(y)1328 4276 y Fl(min)1449 4261 |
| | 22562 | y Fw(\))f(+)1623 4194 y Fj(c)1665 4209 y Fl(2)p 1617 |
| | 22563 | 4238 V 1617 4330 a Fn(I)1671 4345 y Fl(2)1737 4261 y |
| | 22564 | Fw(\()p Fj(y)1823 4276 y Fl(max)1981 4261 y Fn(\000)g |
| | 22565 | Fj(y)t Fw(\))f(+)2305 4194 y Fj(c)2347 4209 y Fl(3)p |
| | 22566 | 2299 4238 V 2299 4330 a Fn(I)2353 4345 y Fl(3)2531 4194 |
| | 22567 | y Fw(1)p 2430 4238 253 4 v 2430 4330 a(cosh)c Fj(y)2725 |
| | 22568 | 4261 y(;)854 b Fw(\(82\))475 4538 y Fj(h)531 4553 y Fh(z)571 |
| | 22569 | 4538 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))84 b(=)955 4470 y Fj(c)997 |
| | 22570 | 4485 y Fl(1)p 949 4514 94 4 v 949 4606 a Fn(I)1003 4621 |
| | 22571 | y Fl(1)1074 4538 y Fw(+)1189 4470 y Fj(c)1231 4485 y |
| | 22572 | Fl(2)p 1182 4514 V 1182 4606 a Fn(I)1236 4621 y Fl(2)1400 |
| | 22573 | 4470 y Fw(1)p 1313 4514 223 4 v 1313 4606 a Fj(a)22 b |
| | 22574 | Fn(\000)h Fj(z)1567 4538 y Fw(+)1682 4470 y Fj(c)1724 |
| | 22575 | 4485 y Fl(3)p 1675 4514 94 4 v 1675 4606 a Fn(I)1729 |
| | 22576 | 4621 y Fl(3)1892 4470 y Fw(1)p 1806 4514 222 4 v 1806 |
| | 22577 | 4606 a Fj(a)f Fw(+)g Fj(z)2059 4538 y Fw(+)2173 4470 |
| | 22578 | y Fj(c)2215 4485 y Fl(4)p 2167 4514 94 4 v 2167 4606 |
| | 22579 | a Fn(I)2221 4621 y Fl(4)2442 4470 y Fw(1)p 2297 4514 |
| | 22580 | 339 4 v 2297 4606 a(\()p Fj(a)g Fn(\000)h Fj(z)t Fw(\))2595 |
| | 22581 | 4577 y Fl(2)2667 4538 y Fw(+)2781 4470 y Fj(c)2823 4485 |
| | 22582 | y Fl(5)p 2775 4514 94 4 v 2775 4606 a Fn(I)2829 4621 |
| | 22583 | y Fl(5)3049 4470 y Fw(1)p 2905 4514 337 4 v 2905 4606 |
| | 22584 | a(\()p Fj(a)g Fw(+)f Fj(z)t Fw(\))3202 4577 y Fl(2)3284 |
| | 22585 | 4538 y Fj(:)295 b Fw(\(83\))0 4803 y(Here)37 b(eac)m(h)f(term)g(is)f |
| | 22586 | (separately)h(in)m(tegrable,)g(with)g(an)f(in)m(v)m(ertible)g(primitiv) |
| | 22587 | m(e)f(function,)i(suc)m(h)i(that)0 4911 y(generation)31 |
| | 22588 | b(of)h Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)33 b Fj(y)i Fw(and)d Fj(z)37 |
| | 22589 | b Fw(separately)c(is)e(a)h(standard)h(task,)g(as)f(describ)s(ed)h(in)e |
| | 22590 | (section)i(4.1.)43 b(In)32 b(the)0 5019 y(follo)m(wing)e(w)m(e)35 |
| | 22591 | b(describ)s(e)f(the)f(details)f(of)h(the)h(sc)m(heme,)g(including)e |
| | 22592 | (the)h(meaning)f(of)h(the)g(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)0 5128 |
| | 22593 | y Fj(c)42 5143 y Fh(i)103 5128 y Fw(and)f Fn(I)346 5143 |
| | 22594 | y Fh(i)375 5128 y Fw(,)g(whic)m(h)h(are)g(separate)g(for)f |
| | 22595 | Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)34 b Fj(y)h Fw(and)e Fj(z)t Fw(.)146 |
| | 22596 | 5236 y(The)38 b(\014rst)g(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b(to)i(b)s(e)g(selected)h |
| | 22597 | (is)f Fj(\034)11 b Fw(.)57 b(The)38 b(range)f(of)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(v)-5 |
| | 22598 | b(alues,)38 b Fj(\034)3103 5251 y Fl(min)3260 5236 y |
| | 22599 | Fn(\024)e Fj(\034)47 b Fn(\024)36 b Fj(\034)3617 5251 |
| | 22600 | y Fl(max)3752 5236 y Fw(,)0 5344 y(is)d(generally)f(constrained)i(b)m |
| | 22601 | (y)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)e(user-de\014ned)k(requiremen)m(ts.)46 |
| | 22602 | b(A)34 b(cut)f(on)g(the)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)0 5453 y(mass)c(range)f(is)h |
| | 22603 | (directly)f(re\015ected)i(in)e Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)31 b(a)f(cut)g(on)f |
| | 22604 | (the)i Fj(p)2147 5468 y Fk(?)2235 5453 y Fw(range)f(indirectly)-8 |
| | 22605 | b(.)41 b(The)31 b(\014rst)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(terms)0 5561 |
| | 22606 | y(of)c Fj(h)162 5576 y Fh(\034)234 5561 y Fw(are)g(in)m(tended)i(to)f |
| | 22607 | (represen)m(t)i(a)d(smo)s(oth)g Fj(\034)40 b Fw(dep)s(endence,)31 |
| | 22608 | b(as)d(generally)f(obtained)g(in)g(pro)s(cesses)0 5669 |
| | 22609 | y(whic)m(h)38 b(do)f(not)g(receiv)m(e)h(con)m(tributions)e(from)g |
| | 22610 | Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)h(resonances.)59 b(Also)37 b Fj(s)p |
| | 22611 | Fw(-c)m(hannel)g(exc)m(hange)1841 5953 y(96)p eop |
| | 22612 | %%Page: 97 103 |
| | 22613 | 97 102 bop 0 -18 a Fw(of)36 b(essen)m(tially)g(massless)h(particles)e |
| | 22614 | (\()p Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)38 b(g)q(,)f(ligh)m(t)e(quarks)j(and)e |
| | 22615 | (leptons\))h(are)f(accoun)m(ted)i(for,)f(since)0 90 y(these)47 |
| | 22616 | b(do)e(not)g(pro)s(duce)h(an)m(y)g(separate)h(p)s(eaks)f(at)f(non-v)-5 |
| | 22617 | b(anishing)44 b Fj(\034)11 b Fw(.)82 b(The)47 b(last)e(four)g(terms)g |
| | 22618 | (of)0 198 y Fj(h)56 213 y Fh(\034)139 198 y Fw(are)40 |
| | 22619 | b(there)g(to)f(catc)m(h)i(the)f(p)s(eaks)h(in)e(the)h(cross)g(section)g |
| | 22620 | (from)f(resonance)i(pro)s(duction.)64 b(These)0 307 y(terms)28 |
| | 22621 | b(are)g(only)g(included)f(when)i(needed.)44 b(Eac)m(h)29 |
| | 22622 | b(resonance)g(is)f(represen)m(ted)j(b)m(y)e(t)m(w)m(o)f(pieces,)i(a)e |
| | 22623 | (\014rst)0 415 y(to)37 b(co)m(v)m(er)h(the)f(in)m(terference)h(with)f |
| | 22624 | (graphs)g(whic)m(h)g(p)s(eak)h(at)e Fj(\034)47 b Fw(=)35 |
| | 22625 | b(0,)j(plus)e(the)i(v)-5 b(ariation)34 b(of)j(parton)0 |
| | 22626 | 523 y(distributions,)25 b(and)g(a)f(second)j(to)d(appro)m(ximate)g(the) |
| | 22627 | h(Breit{Wigner)f(shap)s(e)h(of)f(the)i(resonance)g(itself.)0 |
| | 22628 | 632 y(The)h(subscripts)h Fj(R)f Fw(and)g Fj(R)1005 595 |
| | 22629 | y Fk(0)1054 632 y Fw(denote)g(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(p)s(ertaining)d(to)i |
| | 22630 | (the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(resonances,)i(with)d Fj(\034)3325 |
| | 22631 | 647 y Fh(R)3411 632 y Fw(=)i Fj(m)3600 595 y Fl(2)3600 |
| | 22632 | 656 y Fh(R)3658 632 y Fj(=s)p Fw(.)0 740 y(Curren)m(tly)34 |
| | 22633 | b(there)g(is)f(only)g(one)h(pro)s(cess)g(where)h(the)f(full)d |
| | 22634 | (structure)k(with)e(t)m(w)m(o)h(resonances)h(is)e(used,)0 |
| | 22635 | 848 y(namely)c(f)p 373 769 37 4 v 7 w(f)34 b Fn(!)27 |
| | 22636 | b Fj(\015)620 812 y Fk(\003)660 848 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)769 |
| | 22637 | 812 y Fl(0)807 848 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)916 812 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)974 |
| | 22638 | 848 y Fw(.)43 b(Otherwise)30 b(either)g(one)f(or)h(no)f(resonance)i(p)s |
| | 22639 | (eak)f(is)f(tak)m(en)i(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t.)146 957 |
| | 22640 | y(The)41 b(kinematically)36 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)j(range)g(of)g |
| | 22641 | Fj(y)k Fw(v)-5 b(alues)39 b(is)g(constrained)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 22642 | Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)42 b Fn(j)p Fj(y)t Fn(j)c(\024)h(\000)3340 |
| | 22643 | 917 y Fl(1)p 3340 933 36 4 v 3340 991 a(2)3403 957 y |
| | 22644 | Fw(ln)16 b Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)41 b(and)0 1065 y(y)m(ou)g(ma)m(y)e(imp)s |
| | 22645 | (ose)g(additional)e(cuts.)67 b(Therefore)41 b(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)e |
| | 22646 | (range)h Fj(y)2781 1080 y Fl(min)2942 1065 y Fn(\024)h |
| | 22647 | Fj(y)j Fn(\024)c Fj(y)3317 1080 y Fl(max)3492 1065 y |
| | 22648 | Fw(is)g(only)0 1173 y(constructed)31 b(after)f Fj(\034)41 |
| | 22649 | b Fw(has)30 b(b)s(een)h(selected.)44 b(The)30 b(\014rst)h(t)m(w)m(o)f |
| | 22650 | (terms)g(of)f Fj(h)2644 1188 y Fh(y)2715 1173 y Fw(giv)m(e)h(a)g |
| | 22651 | (fairly)e(\015at)h Fj(y)k Fw(dep)s(en-)0 1282 y(dence)c(|)f(for)f(pro)s |
| | 22652 | (cesses)j(whic)m(h)e(are)g(symmetric)f(in)h Fj(y)i Fn($)e(\000)p |
| | 22653 | Fj(y)t Fw(,)g(they)h(will)d(add)i(to)f(giv)m(e)h(a)g(completely)0 |
| | 22654 | 1390 y(\015at)38 b Fj(y)i Fw(sp)s(ectrum)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)g |
| | 22655 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)e(limits.)55 b(In)39 b(principle,)e(the)h(natural)f(sub) |
| | 22656 | s(division)g(w)m(ould)0 1498 y(ha)m(v)m(e)d(b)s(een)f(one)f(term)g |
| | 22657 | (\015at)g(in)g Fj(y)j Fw(and)d(one)h(forw)m(ard{bac)m(kw)m(ard)h |
| | 22658 | (asymmetric,)d(i.e.)43 b(prop)s(ortional)30 b(to)0 1607 |
| | 22659 | y Fj(y)t Fw(.)54 b(The)38 b(latter)d(is)h(disallo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)h |
| | 22660 | (the)g(requiremen)m(t)g(of)f(p)s(ositivit)m(y)-8 b(,)36 |
| | 22661 | b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)58 b(The)37 b Fj(y)28 b Fn(\000)e |
| | 22662 | Fj(y)3465 1622 y Fl(min)3622 1607 y Fw(and)0 1715 y Fj(y)48 |
| | 22663 | 1730 y Fl(max)211 1715 y Fn(\000)i Fj(y)44 b Fw(terms)d(actually)f |
| | 22664 | (used)i(giv)m(e)f(the)h(same)f(amoun)m(t)f(of)h(freedom,)h(but)g(resp)s |
| | 22665 | (ect)g(p)s(ositivit)m(y)-8 b(.)0 1823 y(The)30 b(third)f(term)g(is)f(p) |
| | 22666 | s(eak)m(ed)j(at)e(around)g Fj(y)i Fw(=)d(0,)h(and)h(represen)m(ts)i |
| | 22667 | (the)d(bias)g(of)g(parton)g(distributions)0 1932 y(to)m(w)m(ards)34 |
| | 22668 | b(this)e(region.)146 2055 y(The)j(allo)m(w)m(ed)e Fj(z)h |
| | 22669 | Fw(=)c(cos)1036 2029 y(^)1028 2055 y Fj(\022)37 b Fw(range)c(is)h(na) |
| | 22670 | -11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(ely)33 b Fn(\000)p Fw(1)d Fn(\024)g |
| | 22671 | Fj(z)k Fn(\024)c Fw(1.)47 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)36 b(most)d(cross)i |
| | 22672 | (sections)f(are)0 2163 y(div)m(ergen)m(t)f(for)g Fj(z)f |
| | 22673 | Fn(!)c(\006)p Fw(1,)33 b(so)f(some)h(kind)f(of)h(regularization)c(is)k |
| | 22674 | (necessary)-8 b(.)46 b(Normally)30 b(one)j(requires)0 |
| | 22675 | 2272 y Fj(p)49 2287 y Fk(?)145 2272 y Fn(\025)j Fj(p)307 |
| | 22676 | 2287 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)484 2272 y Fw(,)j(whic)m(h)f(translates)g(in)m(to) |
| | 22677 | f Fj(z)1537 2235 y Fl(2)1614 2272 y Fn(\024)g Fw(1)25 |
| | 22678 | b Fn(\000)h Fw(4)p Fj(p)2003 2235 y Fl(2)2003 2296 y |
| | 22679 | Fk(?)p Fl(min)2180 2272 y Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 b(s)p |
| | 22680 | Fw(\))38 b(for)f(massless)h(outgoing)e(particles.)0 2380 |
| | 22681 | y(Since)e(again)e(the)i(limits)d(dep)s(end)j(on)g Fj(\034)11 |
| | 22682 | b Fw(,)34 b(the)g(selection)f(of)h Fj(z)k Fw(is)33 b(done)h(after)f |
| | 22683 | (that)h(of)f Fj(\034)11 b Fw(.)47 b(Additional)0 2488 |
| | 22684 | y(requiremen)m(ts)30 b(ma)m(y)e(constrain)h(the)g(range)g(further.)43 |
| | 22685 | b(In)29 b(particular,)f(a)g Fj(p)2713 2503 y Fk(?)p Fl(max)2932 |
| | 22686 | 2488 y Fw(constrain)m(t)h(ma)m(y)g(split)0 2597 y(the)37 |
| | 22687 | b(allo)m(w)m(ed)f Fj(z)41 b Fw(range)c(in)m(to)f(t)m(w)m(o,)i(i.e.)56 |
| | 22688 | b Fj(z)1523 2612 y Fk(\000)p Fl(min)1734 2597 y Fn(\024)35 |
| | 22689 | b Fj(z)40 b Fn(\024)35 b Fj(z)2088 2612 y Fk(\000)p Fl(max)2315 |
| | 22690 | 2597 y Fw(or)i Fj(z)2484 2612 y Fl(+min)2695 2597 y Fn(\024)e |
| | 22691 | Fj(z)40 b Fn(\024)35 b Fj(z)3049 2612 y Fl(+max)3240 |
| | 22692 | 2597 y Fw(.)55 b(An)37 b(unsplit)0 2705 y(range)29 b(is)g(represen)m |
| | 22693 | (ted)i(b)m(y)f Fj(z)1048 2720 y Fk(\000)p Fl(max)1267 |
| | 22694 | 2705 y Fw(=)d Fj(z)1415 2720 y Fl(+min)1620 2705 y Fw(=)h(0.)42 |
| | 22695 | b(F)-8 b(or)28 b(massless)i(outgoing)d(particles)h(the)i(parameter)0 |
| | 22696 | 2823 y Fj(a)e Fw(=)f(1)c(in)f Fj(h)414 2838 y Fh(z)454 |
| | 22697 | 2823 y Fw(,)j(suc)m(h)g(that)d(the)i(\014v)m(e)g(terms)f(represen)m(t)i |
| | 22698 | (a)e(piece)g(\015at)g(in)f(angle)g(and)h(pieces)h(p)s(eak)m(ed)g(as)g |
| | 22699 | (1)p Fj(=)3719 2804 y Fw(^)3718 2823 y Fj(t)o Fw(,)0 |
| | 22700 | 2943 y(1)p Fj(=)6 b Fw(^)-55 b Fj(u)o Fw(,)36 b(1)p Fj(=)315 |
| | 22701 | 2925 y Fw(^)314 2943 y Fj(t)349 2907 y Fl(2)389 2943 |
| | 22702 | y Fw(,)g(and)f(1)p Fj(=)6 b Fw(^)-55 b Fj(u)798 2907 |
| | 22703 | y Fl(2)837 2943 y Fw(,)36 b(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)53 |
| | 22704 | b(F)-8 b(or)35 b(non-v)-5 b(anishing)34 b(masses)i(one)g(has)g |
| | 22705 | Fj(a)d Fw(=)f(1)24 b(+)g(2)p Fj(m)3454 2907 y Fl(2)3454 |
| | 22706 | 2968 y(3)3494 2943 y Fj(m)3579 2907 y Fl(2)3579 2968 |
| | 22707 | y(4)3618 2943 y Fj(=)t Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)3713 2907 y Fl(2)3752 |
| | 22708 | 2943 y Fw(.)0 3064 y(In)32 b(this)f(case,)i(the)f(full)d(range)j |
| | 22709 | Fn(\000)p Fw(1)c Fn(\024)g Fj(z)33 b Fn(\024)28 b Fw(1)j(is)g |
| | 22710 | (therefore)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)29 b(|)i(ph)m(ysically)-8 |
| | 22711 | b(,)31 b(the)h(standard)3746 3046 y(^)3744 3064 y Fj(t)0 |
| | 22712 | 3173 y Fw(and)39 b(^)-55 b Fj(u)32 b Fw(singularities)e(are)i |
| | 22713 | (regularized)g(b)m(y)h(the)g(masses)h Fj(m)2192 3188 |
| | 22714 | y Fl(3)2264 3173 y Fw(and)f Fj(m)2539 3188 y Fl(4)2578 |
| | 22715 | 3173 y Fw(.)146 3281 y(F)-8 b(or)48 b(eac)m(h)h(of)e(the)i(terms,)j |
| | 22716 | (the)d Fn(I)1438 3296 y Fh(i)1514 3281 y Fw(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)h |
| | 22717 | (represen)m(t)g(the)e(in)m(tegral)f(o)m(v)m(er)i(the)g(quan)m(tit)m(y)0 |
| | 22718 | 3389 y(m)m(ultiplying)29 b(the)k(co)s(e\016cien)m(t)h |
| | 22719 | Fj(c)1186 3404 y Fh(i)1214 3389 y Fw(;)e(th)m(us,)i(for)e(instance:)713 |
| | 22720 | 3653 y Fj(h)769 3668 y Fh(\034)840 3653 y Fw(:)166 b |
| | 22721 | Fn(I)1087 3668 y Fl(1)1154 3653 y Fw(=)1258 3536 y Fg(Z)1367 |
| | 22722 | 3586 y Fw(d)p Fj(\034)p 1367 3630 108 4 v 1394 3721 a(\034)1513 |
| | 22723 | 3653 y Fw(=)27 b(ln)1714 3532 y Fg(\022)1785 3586 y Fj(\034)1827 |
| | 22724 | 3601 y Fl(max)p 1785 3630 178 4 v 1792 3721 a Fj(\034)1834 |
| | 22725 | 3736 y Fl(min)1973 3532 y Fg(\023)2083 3653 y Fj(;)1033 |
| | 22726 | 3906 y Fn(I)1087 3921 y Fl(2)1154 3906 y Fw(=)1258 3789 |
| | 22727 | y Fg(Z)1367 3839 y Fw(d)p Fj(\034)p 1367 3883 108 4 v |
| | 22728 | 1374 3975 a(\034)1427 3946 y Fl(2)1513 3906 y Fw(=)1684 |
| | 22729 | 3839 y(1)p 1626 3883 165 4 v 1626 3975 a Fj(\034)1668 |
| | 22730 | 3990 y Fl(min)1822 3906 y Fn(\000)1996 3839 y Fw(1)p |
| | 22731 | 1932 3883 178 4 v 1932 3975 a Fj(\034)1974 3990 y Fl(max)2152 |
| | 22732 | 3906 y Fw(;)714 4154 y Fj(h)770 4169 y Fh(y)840 4154 |
| | 22733 | y Fw(:)166 b Fn(I)1087 4169 y Fl(1)1154 4154 y Fw(=)1258 |
| | 22734 | 4037 y Fg(Z)1341 4154 y Fw(\()p Fj(y)25 b Fn(\000)e Fj(y)1600 |
| | 22735 | 4169 y Fl(min)1721 4154 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(y)30 b Fw(=)2022 |
| | 22736 | 4087 y(1)p 2022 4131 49 4 v 2022 4223 a(2)2081 4154 y(\()p |
| | 22737 | Fj(y)2167 4169 y Fl(max)2324 4154 y Fn(\000)22 b Fj(y)2471 |
| | 22738 | 4169 y Fl(min)2593 4154 y Fw(\))2631 4113 y Fl(2)2703 |
| | 22739 | 4154 y Fw(;)716 4373 y Fj(h)772 4388 y Fh(z)840 4373 |
| | 22740 | y Fw(:)166 b Fn(I)1087 4388 y Fl(1)1154 4373 y Fw(=)1258 |
| | 22741 | 4256 y Fg(Z)1357 4373 y Fw(d)p Fj(z)33 b Fw(=)27 b(\()p |
| | 22742 | Fj(z)1675 4388 y Fk(\000)p Fl(max)1888 4373 y Fn(\000)c |
| | 22743 | Fj(z)2033 4388 y Fk(\000)p Fl(min)2210 4373 y Fw(\))f(+)g(\()p |
| | 22744 | Fj(z)2451 4388 y Fl(+max)2664 4373 y Fn(\000)g Fj(z)2808 |
| | 22745 | 4388 y Fl(+min)2985 4373 y Fw(\))p Fj(;)1033 4623 y Fn(I)1087 |
| | 22746 | 4638 y Fl(2)1154 4623 y Fw(=)1258 4506 y Fg(Z)1427 4556 |
| | 22747 | y Fw(d)p Fj(z)p 1367 4600 223 4 v 1367 4691 a(a)h Fn(\000)f |
| | 22748 | Fj(z)1628 4623 y Fw(=)27 b(ln)1829 4477 y Fg( )1912 4556 |
| | 22749 | y Fw(\()p Fj(a)22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(z)2167 4571 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 22750 | Fl(min)2344 4556 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(a)h Fn(\000)f Fj(z)2638 |
| | 22751 | 4571 y Fl(+min)2815 4556 y Fw(\))p 1905 4600 956 4 v |
| | 22752 | 1905 4691 a(\()p Fj(a)g Fn(\000)h Fj(z)2161 4706 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 22753 | Fl(max)2351 4691 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(a)g Fn(\000)f Fj(z)2645 |
| | 22754 | 4706 y Fk(\000)p Fl(min)2822 4691 y Fw(\))2870 4477 y |
| | 22755 | Fg(!)2985 4623 y Fj(:)594 b Fw(\(84\))146 4900 y(The)45 |
| | 22756 | b Fj(c)400 4915 y Fh(i)471 4900 y Fw(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)f(are)g |
| | 22757 | (normalized)d(to)i(unit)g(sum)g(for)g Fj(h)2438 4915 |
| | 22758 | y Fh(\034)2481 4900 y Fw(,)j Fj(h)2610 4915 y Fh(y)2695 |
| | 22759 | 4900 y Fw(and)d Fj(h)2951 4915 y Fh(z)3034 4900 y Fw(separately)-8 |
| | 22760 | b(.)76 b(They)0 5008 y(ha)m(v)m(e)40 b(a)e(simple)e(in)m(terpretation,) |
| | 22761 | j(as)f(the)h(probabilit)m(y)d(for)i(eac)m(h)h(of)f(the)h(terms)f(to)g |
| | 22762 | (b)s(e)g(used)i(in)d(the)0 5116 y(preliminary)d(selection)i(of)f |
| | 22763 | Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)38 b Fj(y)i Fw(and)c Fj(z)t Fw(,)i(resp)s(ectiv)m |
| | 22764 | (ely)-8 b(.)56 b(The)37 b(v)-5 b(ariation)34 b(of)i(the)h(cross)g |
| | 22765 | (section)f(o)m(v)m(er)0 5225 y(the)d(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(phase)i(space)g |
| | 22766 | (is)e(explored)i(in)e(the)h(initialization)27 b(pro)s(cedure)34 |
| | 22767 | b(of)f(a)f Fm(Pythia)h Fw(run,)g(and)0 5333 y(based)k(on)f(this)g(kno)m |
| | 22768 | (wledge)h(the)g Fj(c)1297 5348 y Fh(i)1361 5333 y Fw(are)f(optimized)f |
| | 22769 | (so)h(as)g(to)g(giv)m(e)g(functions)g Fj(h)3034 5348 |
| | 22770 | y Fh(\034)3078 5333 y Fw(,)h Fj(h)3198 5348 y Fh(y)3275 |
| | 22771 | 5333 y Fw(and)g Fj(h)3525 5348 y Fh(z)3601 5333 y Fw(that)0 |
| | 22772 | 5441 y(closely)30 b(follo)m(w)e(the)i(general)g(b)s(eha)m(viour)f(of)h |
| | 22773 | (the)g(true)h(cross)g(section.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(instance,)g(the)h |
| | 22774 | (co)s(e\016cien)m(t)0 5550 y Fj(c)42 5565 y Fl(4)115 |
| | 22775 | 5550 y Fw(in)h Fj(h)285 5565 y Fh(\034)361 5550 y Fw(is)h(to)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 22776 | (made)g(larger)f(the)i(more)e(the)i(total)e(cross)i(section)f(is)g |
| | 22777 | (dominated)f(b)m(y)i(the)f(region)0 5658 y(around)g(the)g(resonance)h |
| | 22778 | (mass.)1841 5953 y(97)p eop |
| | 22779 | %%Page: 98 104 |
| | 22780 | 98 103 bop 146 -18 a Fw(The)35 b(phase-space)h(p)s(oin)m(ts)e(tested)h |
| | 22781 | (at)f(initialization)28 b(are)35 b(put)f(on)g(a)g(grid,)f(with)h(the)g |
| | 22782 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)0 90 y(p)s(oin)m(ts)40 b(in)f(eac)m(h)j |
| | 22783 | (dimension)d(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)h(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)e(terms)i |
| | 22784 | (in)e(the)i(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)h Fj(h)e Fw(expression,)0 |
| | 22785 | 198 y(and)34 b(with)g(the)g(p)s(osition)e(of)i(eac)m(h)h(p)s(oin)m(t)e |
| | 22786 | (giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)h(the)f(median)f(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(of)f(the)i |
| | 22787 | (distribution)d(of)h(one)0 307 y(of)e(the)i(terms.)43 |
| | 22788 | b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(instance,)h(the)g(d)p Fj(\034)11 b(=\034)44 |
| | 22789 | b Fw(distribution)30 b(giv)m(es)i(a)f(median)g(p)s(oin)m(t)g(at)3138 |
| | 22790 | 243 y Fn(p)p 3221 243 342 4 v 64 x Fj(\034)3263 322 y |
| | 22791 | Fl(min)3386 307 y Fj(\034)3428 322 y Fl(max)3563 307 |
| | 22792 | y Fw(,)h(and)0 426 y(d)p Fj(\034)11 b(=\034)209 389 y |
| | 22793 | Fl(2)284 426 y Fw(has)35 b(the)g(median)e(2)p Fj(\034)1064 |
| | 22794 | 441 y Fl(min)1186 426 y Fj(\034)1228 441 y Fl(max)1364 |
| | 22795 | 426 y Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(\034)1493 441 y Fl(min)1638 426 |
| | 22796 | y Fw(+)24 b Fj(\034)1780 441 y Fl(max)1916 426 y Fw(\).)49 |
| | 22797 | b(Since)35 b(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f Fj(y)j Fw(and)e Fj(z)k |
| | 22798 | Fw(ranges)c(dep)s(end)0 534 y(on)d(the)h Fj(\034)44 b |
| | 22799 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(selected,)i(then)f(so)g(do)g(the)g(median)e(p)s |
| | 22800 | (oin)m(ts)h(de\014ned)i(for)e(these)i(t)m(w)m(o)f(v)-5 |
| | 22801 | b(ariables.)146 642 y(With)24 b(only)g(a)g(limited)d(set)k(of)f |
| | 22802 | (phase-space)i(p)s(oin)m(ts)e(studied)g(at)g(the)h(initialization,)20 |
| | 22803 | b(the)25 b(`optimal')0 751 y(set)i(of)e(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)i(is)f(not) |
| | 22804 | g(uniquely)g(de\014ned.)43 b(T)-8 b(o)26 b(b)s(e)g(on)g(the)g(safe)h |
| | 22805 | (side,)g(40\045)f(of)g(the)g(total)f(w)m(eigh)m(t)h(is)0 |
| | 22806 | 859 y(therefore)31 b(assigned)g(ev)m(enly)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(all)d |
| | 22807 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)g Fj(c)1984 874 y Fh(i)2012 859 y Fw(,)i(whereas)h(the)f |
| | 22808 | (remaining)d(60\045)j(are)f(assigned)0 967 y(according)h(to)g(the)h |
| | 22809 | (relativ)m(e)f(imp)s(ortance)g(surmised,)h(under)g(the)g(constrain)m(t) |
| | 22810 | g(that)f(no)h(co)s(e\016cien)m(t)g(is)0 1076 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g |
| | 22811 | (receiv)m(e)i(a)e(negativ)m(e)h(con)m(tribution)e(from)h(this)g(second) |
| | 22812 | i(piece.)146 1184 y(After)41 b(a)f(preliminary)e(c)m(hoice)i(has)h(b)s |
| | 22813 | (een)g(made)f(of)g Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)43 b Fj(y)g Fw(and)d |
| | 22814 | Fj(z)t Fw(,)j(it)d(is)g(necessary)i(to)e(\014nd)h(the)0 |
| | 22815 | 1292 y(w)m(eigh)m(t)k(of)e(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t,)k(whic)m(h)c(is)f(to)g(b) |
| | 22816 | s(e)h(used)g(to)f(determine)g(whether)i(to)e(k)m(eep)i(it)d(or)h |
| | 22817 | (generate)0 1401 y(another)33 b(one.)43 b(Using)33 b(the)g(relation)d |
| | 22818 | (d)1429 1382 y(^)1428 1401 y Fj(t)e Fw(=)k(^)-53 b Fj(s)17 |
| | 22819 | b(\014)1713 1416 y Fl(34)1804 1401 y Fw(d)p Fj(z)t(=)p |
| | 22820 | Fw(2,)33 b(eq.)g(\(69\))f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(rewritten)f(as)264 |
| | 22821 | 1670 y Fj(\033)87 b Fw(=)565 1553 y Fg(Z)53 b(Z)h(Z)874 |
| | 22822 | 1603 y Fw(d)p Fj(\034)p 874 1647 108 4 v 901 1738 a(\034)1008 |
| | 22823 | 1670 y Fw(d)p Fj(y)1144 1603 y Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s\014)1241 |
| | 22824 | 1618 y Fl(34)p 1140 1647 176 4 v 1203 1738 a Fw(2)1326 |
| | 22825 | 1670 y(d)p Fj(z)21 b(x)1501 1685 y Fl(1)1541 1670 y Fj(f)1589 |
| | 22826 | 1685 y Fl(1)1628 1670 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1721 1685 y Fl(1)1761 |
| | 22827 | 1670 y Fj(;)c(Q)1882 1629 y Fl(2)1922 1670 y Fw(\))g |
| | 22828 | Fj(x)2032 1685 y Fl(2)2071 1670 y Fj(f)2119 1685 y Fl(2)2159 |
| | 22829 | 1670 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2252 1685 y Fl(2)2291 1670 y Fj(;)g(Q)2412 |
| | 22830 | 1629 y Fl(2)2452 1670 y Fw(\))2516 1603 y(d)5 b(^)-54 |
| | 22831 | b Fj(\033)p 2516 1647 114 4 v 2528 1744 a Fw(d)2583 1726 |
| | 22832 | y(^)2582 1744 y Fj(t)406 1948 y Fw(=)575 1880 y Fj(\031)p |
| | 22833 | 575 1924 59 4 v 581 2016 a(s)660 1830 y Fg(Z)760 1948 |
| | 22834 | y Fj(h)816 1963 y Fh(\034)859 1948 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 |
| | 22835 | b Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(\034)1129 1830 y Fg(Z)1229 1948 y |
| | 22836 | Fj(h)1285 1963 y Fh(y)1327 1948 y Fw(\()p Fj(y)t Fw(\))g(d)p |
| | 22837 | Fj(y)1592 1830 y Fg(Z)1692 1948 y Fj(h)1748 1963 y Fh(z)1788 |
| | 22838 | 1948 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))g(d)p Fj(z)22 b(\014)2106 |
| | 22839 | 1963 y Fl(34)2207 1880 y Fj(x)2262 1895 y Fl(1)2302 1880 |
| | 22840 | y Fj(f)2350 1895 y Fl(1)2389 1880 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2482 |
| | 22841 | 1895 y Fl(1)2522 1880 y Fj(;)17 b(Q)2643 1844 y Fl(2)2683 |
| | 22842 | 1880 y Fw(\))g Fj(x)2793 1895 y Fl(2)2832 1880 y Fj(f)2880 |
| | 22843 | 1895 y Fl(2)2919 1880 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)3012 1895 y Fl(2)3052 |
| | 22844 | 1880 y Fj(;)g(Q)3173 1844 y Fl(2)3213 1880 y Fw(\))p |
| | 22845 | 2207 1924 1044 4 v 2304 2016 a Fj(\034)2357 1987 y Fl(2)2397 |
| | 22846 | 2016 y Fj(h)2453 2031 y Fh(\034)2496 2016 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 |
| | 22847 | b Fw(\))17 b Fj(h)2698 2031 y Fh(y)2740 2016 y Fw(\()p |
| | 22848 | Fj(y)t Fw(\))g(2)p Fj(h)2990 2031 y Fh(z)3028 2016 y |
| | 22849 | Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))3291 1880 y(^)-53 b Fj(s)3333 1844 |
| | 22850 | y Fl(2)p 3287 1924 86 4 v 3300 2016 a Fj(\031)3392 1880 |
| | 22851 | y Fw(d)5 b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)p 3392 1924 114 4 v 3404 2022 |
| | 22852 | a Fw(d)3459 2003 y(^)3458 2022 y Fj(t)406 2250 y Fw(=)565 |
| | 22853 | 2104 y Fg(*)642 2183 y Fj(\031)p 642 2227 59 4 v 648 |
| | 22854 | 2318 a(s)1097 2183 y(\014)1152 2198 y Fl(34)p 737 2227 |
| | 22855 | 850 4 v 737 2318 a Fj(\034)790 2290 y Fl(2)830 2318 y |
| | 22856 | Fj(h)886 2333 y Fh(\034)929 2318 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 |
| | 22857 | b Fw(\))17 b Fj(h)1131 2333 y Fh(y)1173 2318 y Fw(\()p |
| | 22858 | Fj(y)t Fw(\))g(2)p Fj(h)1423 2333 y Fh(z)1461 2318 y |
| | 22859 | Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))1613 2250 y Fj(x)1668 2265 y Fl(1)1708 |
| | 22860 | 2250 y Fj(f)1756 2265 y Fl(1)1796 2250 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1889 |
| | 22861 | 2265 y Fl(1)1929 2250 y Fj(;)g(Q)2050 2209 y Fl(2)2089 |
| | 22862 | 2250 y Fw(\))g Fj(x)2199 2265 y Fl(2)2238 2250 y Fj(f)2286 |
| | 22863 | 2265 y Fl(2)2326 2250 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2419 2265 y Fl(2)2459 |
| | 22864 | 2250 y Fj(;)g(Q)2580 2209 y Fl(2)2619 2250 y Fw(\))2688 |
| | 22865 | 2183 y(^)-53 b Fj(s)2730 2146 y Fl(2)p 2684 2227 86 4 |
| | 22866 | v 2697 2318 a Fj(\031)2789 2183 y Fw(d)5 b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)p |
| | 22867 | 2789 2227 114 4 v 2801 2324 a Fw(d)2856 2306 y(^)2855 |
| | 22868 | 2324 y Fj(t)2912 2104 y Fg(+)3028 2250 y Fj(:)551 b Fw(\(85\))0 |
| | 22869 | 2532 y(In)33 b(the)f(middle)f(line,)g(a)h(factor)g(of)f(1)d(=)f |
| | 22870 | Fj(h)1526 2547 y Fh(\034)1570 2532 y Fj(=h)1675 2547 |
| | 22871 | y Fh(\034)1750 2532 y Fw(has)33 b(b)s(een)g(in)m(tro)s(duced)f(to)g |
| | 22872 | (rewrite)g(the)h Fj(\034)44 b Fw(in)m(tegral)30 b(in)0 |
| | 22873 | 2641 y(terms)36 b(of)g(a)g(phase)h(space)g(of)e(unit)h(v)m(olume:)1719 |
| | 22874 | 2570 y Fg(R)1791 2641 y Fj(h)1847 2656 y Fh(\034)1890 |
| | 22875 | 2641 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(\034)46 |
| | 22876 | b Fw(=)33 b(1)j(according)g(to)f(the)i(relations)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)0 |
| | 22877 | 2749 y(Corresp)s(ondingly)29 b(for)g(the)h Fj(y)i Fw(and)e |
| | 22878 | Fj(z)k Fw(in)m(tegrals.)41 b(In)30 b(addition,)f(factors)g(of)g(1)e(=) |
| | 22879 | 32 b(^)-53 b Fj(s=)p Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 b(s)p Fw(\))29 |
| | 22880 | b(and)h(1)d(=)h Fj(\031)t(=\031)0 2870 y Fw(are)35 b(used)i(to)e |
| | 22881 | (isolate)f(the)i(dimensionless)e(cross)j(section)e(\()t(^)-53 |
| | 22882 | b Fj(s)2257 2834 y Fl(2)2297 2870 y Fj(=\031)t Fw(\))17 |
| | 22883 | b(d)5 b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)s(=)p Fw(d)2676 2851 y(^)2675 |
| | 22884 | 2870 y Fj(t)p Fw(.)52 b(The)37 b(con)m(ten)m(t)f(of)f(the)h(last)0 |
| | 22885 | 2978 y(line)30 b(is)i(that,)f(with)h Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)32 |
| | 22886 | b Fj(y)j Fw(and)c Fj(z)37 b Fw(selected)32 b(according)g(to)f(the)h |
| | 22887 | (expressions)h Fj(h)2854 2993 y Fh(\034)2898 2978 y Fw(\()p |
| | 22888 | Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\),)32 b Fj(h)3142 2993 y Fh(y)3183 2978 |
| | 22889 | y Fw(\()p Fj(y)t Fw(\))f(and)h Fj(h)3587 2993 y Fh(z)3627 |
| | 22890 | 2978 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\),)0 3086 y(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 22891 | b(,)41 b(the)e(cross)g(section)f(is)g(obtained)g(as)g(the)h(a)m(v)m |
| | 22892 | (erage)g(of)f(the)h(\014nal)f(expression)h(o)m(v)m(er)h(all)0 |
| | 22893 | 3195 y(ev)m(en)m(ts.)52 b(Since)35 b(the)g Fj(h)p Fw('s)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 22894 | (b)s(een)f(pic)m(k)m(ed)h(to)e(giv)m(e)h(unit)f(v)m(olume,)g(there)h |
| | 22895 | (is)g(no)f(need)i(to)e(m)m(ultiply)0 3303 y(b)m(y)f(the)g(total)f |
| | 22896 | (phase-space)i(v)m(olume.)146 3411 y(As)29 b(can)f(b)s(e)g(seen,)i(the) |
| | 22897 | e(cross)h(section)f(for)f(a)h(giv)m(en)g(Mon)m(te)g(Carlo)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 22898 | (t)j(is)d(giv)m(en)h(as)g(the)g(pro)s(duct)0 3520 y(of)k(four)g |
| | 22899 | (factors,)h(as)g(follo)m(ws:)119 3633 y(1.)49 b(The)36 |
| | 22900 | b Fj(\031)t(=s)e Fw(factor,)h(whic)m(h)g(is)g(common)e(to)i(all)e(ev)m |
| | 22901 | (en)m(ts,)k(giv)m(es)f(the)f(o)m(v)m(erall)f(dimensions)g(of)g(the)244 |
| | 22902 | 3741 y(cross)40 b(section,)h(in)e(GeV)1165 3705 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 22903 | Fl(2)1259 3741 y Fw(.)64 b(Since)39 b(the)h(\014nal)e(cross)i(section)g |
| | 22904 | (is)f(giv)m(en)g(in)f(units)i(of)e(m)m(b,)j(the)244 3850 |
| | 22905 | y(con)m(v)m(ersion)34 b(factor)e(of)g(1)g(GeV)1383 3813 |
| | 22906 | y Fk(\000)p Fl(2)1505 3850 y Fw(=)c(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(3894)j(m)m(b)h(is)h |
| | 22907 | (also)e(included)h(here.)119 3967 y(2.)49 b(Next)36 b(comes)f(the)g |
| | 22908 | (`Jacobian',)g(whic)m(h)h(comp)s(ensates)f(for)g(the)g(c)m(hange)h |
| | 22909 | (from)e(the)h(original)d(to)244 4076 y(the)h(\014nal)f(phase-space)i(v) |
| | 22910 | m(olume.)119 4193 y(3.)49 b(The)42 b(parton-distribution)c(function)i |
| | 22911 | (w)m(eigh)m(t)h(is)f(obtained)h(b)m(y)g(making)f(use)h(of)g(the)g |
| | 22912 | (parton)244 4302 y(distribution)35 b(libraries)g(in)i |
| | 22913 | Fm(Pythia)g Fw(or)g(externally)-8 b(.)58 b(The)38 b Fj(x)2545 |
| | 22914 | 4317 y Fl(1)2622 4302 y Fw(and)f Fj(x)2871 4317 y Fl(2)2948 |
| | 22915 | 4302 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)38 b(are)f(obtained)244 4410 y(from)31 |
| | 22916 | b Fj(\034)44 b Fw(and)33 b Fj(y)j Fw(via)31 b(the)i(relations)f |
| | 22917 | Fj(x)1613 4425 y Fl(1)p Fh(;)p Fl(2)1735 4410 y Fw(=)1839 |
| | 22918 | 4339 y Fn(p)p 1922 4339 54 4 v 71 x Fj(\034)c Fw(exp)q(\()p |
| | 22919 | Fn(\006)p Fj(y)t Fw(\).)119 4543 y(4.)49 b(Finally)-8 |
| | 22920 | b(,)31 b(the)j(dimensionless)f(cross)h(section)g(\()t(^)-53 |
| | 22921 | b Fj(s)2026 4507 y Fl(2)2065 4543 y Fj(=\031)t Fw(\))17 |
| | 22922 | b(d)5 b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)t(=)p Fw(d)2445 4525 y(^)2444 |
| | 22923 | 4543 y Fj(t)33 b Fw(is)g(the)h(quan)m(tit)m(y)h(that)e(has)h(to)f(b)s |
| | 22924 | (e)244 4652 y(co)s(ded)g(for)f(eac)m(h)h(pro)s(cess)h(separately)-8 |
| | 22925 | b(,)33 b(and)g(where)h(the)f(ph)m(ysics)h(con)m(ten)m(t)g(is)e(found.) |
| | 22926 | 146 4765 y(Of)k(course,)h(the)f(expression)h(in)e(the)h(last)e(line)h |
| | 22927 | (is)g(not)g(strictly)g(necessary)j(to)d(obtain)g(the)h(cross)0 |
| | 22928 | 4873 y(section)d(b)m(y)h(Mon)m(te)g(Carlo)e(in)m(tegration.)44 |
| | 22929 | b(One)33 b(could)g(also)f(ha)m(v)m(e)j(used)f(eq.)g(\(69\))e(directly) |
| | 22930 | -8 b(,)33 b(selecting)0 4994 y(phase-space)38 b(p)s(oin)m(ts)e(ev)m |
| | 22931 | (enly)i(in)e Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)38 b Fj(y)h Fw(and)1656 |
| | 22932 | 4976 y(^)1655 4994 y Fj(t)p Fw(,)f(and)f(a)m(v)m(eraging)f(o)m(v)m(er)h |
| | 22933 | (those)h(Mon)m(te)f(Carlo)f(w)m(eigh)m(ts.)0 5102 y(Clearly)47 |
| | 22934 | b(this)g(w)m(ould)h(b)s(e)g(m)m(uc)m(h)g(simpler,)i(but)e(the)g(price)g |
| | 22935 | (to)g(b)s(e)f(paid)g(is)h(that)f(the)h(w)m(eigh)m(ts)h(of)0 |
| | 22936 | 5211 y(individual)44 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)49 b(could)e(\015uctuate)h(wildly) |
| | 22937 | -8 b(.)84 b(F)-8 b(or)46 b(instance,)51 b(if)46 b(the)h(cross)h |
| | 22938 | (section)f(con)m(tains)g(a)0 5319 y(narro)m(w)33 b(resonance,)i(the)e |
| | 22939 | (few)h(phase-space)g(p)s(oin)m(ts)f(that)g(are)g(generated)g(in)g(the)g |
| | 22940 | (resonance)h(region)0 5427 y(obtain)46 b(large)f(w)m(eigh)m(ts,)52 |
| | 22941 | b(while)45 b(the)j(rest)f(do)g(not.)86 b(With)46 b(our)h(pro)s(cedure,) |
| | 22942 | k(a)46 b(resonance)j(w)m(ould)0 5536 y(b)s(e)39 b(included)f(in)f(the)i |
| | 22943 | Fj(h)884 5551 y Fh(\034)928 5536 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 |
| | 22944 | b Fw(\))38 b(factor,)i(so)e(that)h(more)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(w)m(ould)e(b)s |
| | 22945 | (e)f(generated)h(at)g(around)f(the)0 5644 y(appropriate)27 |
| | 22946 | b Fj(\034)563 5659 y Fh(R)649 5644 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)28 |
| | 22947 | b(\(o)m(wing)f(to)h(the)g Fj(h)1543 5659 y Fh(\034)1614 |
| | 22948 | 5644 y Fw(n)m(umerator)g(in)f(the)i(phase-space)g(expression\),)i(but)d |
| | 22949 | (with)1841 5953 y(98)p eop |
| | 22950 | %%Page: 99 105 |
| | 22951 | 99 104 bop 0 -18 a Fw(these)29 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(assigned)f(a)e(lo)m(w)m |
| | 22952 | (er,)i(more)e(normal)f(w)m(eigh)m(t)i(\(o)m(wing)g(to)f(the)i(factor)e |
| | 22953 | (1)p Fj(=h)3160 -3 y Fh(\034)3231 -18 y Fw(in)g(the)h(w)m(eigh)m(t)0 |
| | 22954 | 90 y(expression\).)44 b(Since)29 b(the)g(w)m(eigh)m(ts)h(\015uctuate)f |
| | 22955 | (less,)i(few)m(er)f(phase-space)g(p)s(oin)m(ts)f(need)h(b)s(e)f |
| | 22956 | (selected)h(to)0 198 y(get)j(a)f(reasonable)g(cross-section)i |
| | 22957 | (estimate.)146 307 y(In)27 b(the)h(program,)e(the)h(cross)h(section)f |
| | 22958 | (is)f(obtained)g(as)h(the)g(a)m(v)m(erage)h(o)m(v)m(er)g(all)d |
| | 22959 | (phase-space)j(p)s(oin)m(ts)0 415 y(generated.)52 b(The)37 |
| | 22960 | b(ev)m(en)m(ts)g(actually)d(handed)i(on)g(to)e(the)i(user)g(should)f |
| | 22961 | (ha)m(v)m(e)i(unit)e(w)m(eigh)m(t,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er)0 |
| | 22962 | 523 y(\(an)27 b(option)g(with)g(w)m(eigh)m(ted)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i |
| | 22963 | (exists,)g(but)d(do)s(es)h(not)g(represen)m(t)h(the)f(mainstream)e |
| | 22964 | (usage\).)42 b(A)m(t)0 632 y(initialization,)33 b(after)k(the)h |
| | 22965 | Fj(c)1052 647 y Fh(i)1118 632 y Fw(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 22966 | (b)s(een)f(determined,)h(a)e(searc)m(h)i(inside)d(the)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)0 |
| | 22967 | 740 y(phase-space)h(v)m(olume)f(is)f(therefore)h(made)f(to)h(\014nd)g |
| | 22968 | (the)g(maxim)m(um)e(of)h(the)h(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(expression)h(in)0 |
| | 22969 | 848 y(the)f(last)g(line)e(of)i(eq.)h(\(85\).)59 b(In)38 |
| | 22970 | b(the)g(subsequen)m(t)k(generation)37 b(of)g(ev)m(en)m(ts,)42 |
| | 22971 | b(a)c(selected)h(phase-space)0 957 y(p)s(oin)m(t)44 b(is)h(then)g |
| | 22972 | (retained)g(with)g(a)f(probabilit)m(y)f(equal)i(to)g(the)g(w)m(eigh)m |
| | 22973 | (t)g(in)g(the)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f(divided)h(b)m(y)0 1065 |
| | 22974 | y(the)36 b(maxim)m(um)e(w)m(eigh)m(t.)53 b(Only)36 b(the)g(retained)g |
| | 22975 | (phase-space)h(p)s(oin)m(ts)f(are)g(considered)g(further,)h(and)0 |
| | 22976 | 1173 y(generated)c(as)g(complete)f(ev)m(en)m(ts.)146 |
| | 22977 | 1282 y(The)40 b(searc)m(h)g(for)e(the)h(maxim)m(um)d(is)i(b)s(egun)h(b) |
| | 22978 | m(y)h(ev)-5 b(aluating)36 b(the)j(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(in)f(the)h(same)f |
| | 22979 | (grid)g(of)0 1390 y(p)s(oin)m(ts)c(as)h(used)h(to)e(determine)h(the)g |
| | 22980 | Fj(c)1433 1405 y Fh(i)1496 1390 y Fw(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts.)51 |
| | 22981 | b(The)35 b(p)s(oin)m(t)f(with)h(highest)f(w)m(eigh)m(t)h(is)f(used)i |
| | 22982 | (as)0 1498 y(starting)c(p)s(oin)m(t)g(for)h(a)g(searc)m(h)h(to)m(w)m |
| | 22983 | (ards)g(the)g(maxim)m(um.)43 b(In)33 b(unfortunate)h(cases,)g(the)g |
| | 22984 | (con)m(v)m(ergence)0 1607 y(could)42 b(b)s(e)h(to)m(w)m(ards)g(a)f(lo)s |
| | 22985 | (cal)e(maxim)m(um)h(whic)m(h)i(is)e(not)i(the)g(global)d(one.)73 |
| | 22986 | b(T)-8 b(o)43 b(somewhat)f(reduce)0 1715 y(this)31 b(risk,)h(also)f |
| | 22987 | (the)i(grid)d(p)s(oin)m(t)h(with)h(second-highest)g(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(is)g |
| | 22988 | (used)h(for)e(another)h(searc)m(h.)44 b(After)0 1823 |
| | 22989 | y(initialization,)32 b(when)37 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(are)d(generated,)i(a)e |
| | 22990 | (w)m(arning)g(message)g(will)e(b)s(e)j(giv)m(en)f(b)m(y)h(default)f(at) |
| | 22991 | 0 1932 y(an)m(y)i(time)e(a)h(phase-space)h(p)s(oin)m(t)f(is)f(selected) |
| | 22992 | j(where)f(the)g(w)m(eigh)m(t)f(is)g(larger)f(than)h(the)h(maxim)m(um,)0 |
| | 22993 | 2040 y(and)28 b(thereafter)g(the)g(maxim)m(um)e(w)m(eigh)m(t)i(is)f |
| | 22994 | (adjusted)i(to)e(re\015ect)i(the)f(new)h(kno)m(wledge.)43 |
| | 22995 | b(This)27 b(means)0 2148 y(that)35 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(generated)f(b)s |
| | 22996 | (efore)f(this)f(time)f(ha)m(v)m(e)j(a)e(somewhat)h(erroneous)h |
| | 22997 | (distribution)d(in)h(phase)0 2257 y(space,)29 b(but)e(if)e(the)i(maxim) |
| | 22998 | m(um)d(violation)g(is)i(rather)h(mo)s(dest)f(the)h(e\013ects)h(should)e |
| | 22999 | (b)s(e)h(negligible.)39 b(The)0 2365 y(estimation)f(of)i(the)g(cross)i |
| | 23000 | (section)e(is)g(not)g(a\013ected)h(b)m(y)g(an)m(y)g(of)e(these)j |
| | 23001 | (considerations,)f(since)g(the)0 2473 y(maxim)m(um)30 |
| | 23002 | b(w)m(eigh)m(t)j(do)s(es)g(not)g(en)m(ter)g(in)m(to)f(eq.)44 |
| | 23003 | b(\(85\).)146 2582 y(F)-8 b(or)35 b(2)f Fn(!)f Fw(2)i(pro)s(cesses)j |
| | 23004 | (with)e(iden)m(tical)e(\014nal-state)h(particles,)h(the)h |
| | 23005 | (symmetrization)c(factor)j(of)0 2690 y(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2)f(is)h |
| | 23006 | (explicitly)e(included)h(at)h(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(d)5 |
| | 23007 | b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)t(=)p Fw(d)2088 2672 y(^)2087 2690 |
| | 23008 | y Fj(t)36 b Fw(calculation.)51 b(In)37 b(the)f(\014nal)f(cross)i |
| | 23009 | (section,)0 2798 y(a)42 b(factor)g(of)g(2)h(is)f(retriev)m(ed)h(b)s |
| | 23010 | (ecause)h(of)e(in)m(tegration)f(o)m(v)m(er)i(the)g(full)e(phase)i |
| | 23011 | (space)h(\(rather)e(than)0 2907 y(only)29 b(half)e(of)i(it\).)41 |
| | 23012 | b(That)29 b(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)31 b(no)e(sp)s(ecial)f(pro)m(visions)h |
| | 23013 | (are)g(needed)i(in)d(the)i(phase-space)g(in)m(tegration)0 |
| | 23014 | 3015 y(mac)m(hinery)-8 b(.)0 3263 y Fo(7.4.2)112 b(Resonance)39 |
| | 23015 | b(pro)s(duction)0 3436 y Fw(W)-8 b(e)32 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(no)m(w)g(co)m(v) |
| | 23016 | m(ered)g(the)f(simple)f(2)c Fn(!)g Fw(2)32 b(case.)44 |
| | 23017 | b(In)32 b(a)f(2)d Fn(!)f Fw(1)32 b(pro)s(cess,)h(the)2961 |
| | 23018 | 3417 y(^)2960 3436 y Fj(t)f Fw(in)m(tegral)e(is)h(absen)m(t,)0 |
| | 23019 | 3544 y(and)37 b(the)g(di\013eren)m(tial)e(cross)j(section)f(d)5 |
| | 23020 | b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)t(=)p Fw(d)1649 3526 y(^)1648 3544 |
| | 23021 | y Fj(t)37 b Fw(is)f(replaced)h(b)m(y)43 b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)t |
| | 23022 | Fw(\()t(^)h Fj(s)p Fw(\).)56 b(The)38 b(cross)f(section)g(ma)m(y)g(no)m |
| | 23023 | (w)0 3652 y(b)s(e)c(written)f(as)556 3897 y Fj(\033)87 |
| | 23024 | b Fw(=)857 3780 y Fg(Z)53 b(Z)1066 3829 y Fw(d)p Fj(\034)p |
| | 23025 | 1066 3874 108 4 v 1093 3965 a(\034)1200 3897 y Fw(d)p |
| | 23026 | Fj(y)20 b(x)1377 3912 y Fl(1)1417 3897 y Fj(f)1465 3912 |
| | 23027 | y Fl(1)1504 3897 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1597 3912 y Fl(1)1637 |
| | 23028 | 3897 y Fj(;)d(Q)1758 3856 y Fl(2)1798 3897 y Fw(\))g |
| | 23029 | Fj(x)1908 3912 y Fl(2)1947 3897 y Fj(f)1995 3912 y Fl(2)2035 |
| | 23030 | 3897 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2128 3912 y Fl(2)2167 3897 y Fj(;)g(Q)2288 |
| | 23031 | 3856 y Fl(2)2328 3897 y Fw(\))k(^)-53 b Fj(\033)s Fw(\()t(^)g |
| | 23032 | Fj(s)p Fw(\))698 4145 y(=)867 4077 y Fj(\031)p 867 4121 |
| | 23033 | 59 4 v 873 4213 a(s)952 4028 y Fg(Z)1052 4145 y Fj(h)1108 |
| | 23034 | 4160 y Fh(\034)1151 4145 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\))17 |
| | 23035 | b(d)p Fj(\034)1421 4028 y Fg(Z)1521 4145 y Fj(h)1577 |
| | 23036 | 4160 y Fh(y)1618 4145 y Fw(\()p Fj(y)t Fw(\))g(d)p Fj(y)1894 |
| | 23037 | 4077 y(x)1949 4092 y Fl(1)1989 4077 y Fj(f)2037 4092 |
| | 23038 | y Fl(1)2076 4077 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2169 4092 y Fl(1)2209 |
| | 23039 | 4077 y Fj(;)g(Q)2330 4041 y Fl(2)2370 4077 y Fw(\))g |
| | 23040 | Fj(x)2480 4092 y Fl(2)2519 4077 y Fj(f)2567 4092 y Fl(2)2606 |
| | 23041 | 4077 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2699 4092 y Fl(2)2739 4077 y Fj(;)g(Q)2860 |
| | 23042 | 4041 y Fl(2)2900 4077 y Fw(\))p 1894 4121 1044 4 v 2134 |
| | 23043 | 4213 a Fj(\034)2187 4184 y Fl(2)2227 4213 y Fj(h)2283 |
| | 23044 | 4228 y Fh(\034)2327 4213 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\))17 |
| | 23045 | b Fj(h)2529 4228 y Fh(y)2570 4213 y Fw(\()p Fj(y)t Fw(\))2985 |
| | 23046 | 4077 y(^)-53 b Fj(s)p 2974 4121 59 4 v 2974 4213 a(\031)3048 |
| | 23047 | 4145 y Fw(^)f Fj(\033)t Fw(\()t(^)h Fj(s)p Fw(\))698 |
| | 23048 | 4424 y(=)857 4277 y Fg(*)933 4356 y Fj(\031)p 933 4400 |
| | 23049 | V 939 4492 a(s)1286 4356 y Fw(1)p 1029 4400 563 4 v 1029 |
| | 23050 | 4492 a Fj(\034)1082 4463 y Fl(2)1122 4492 y Fj(h)1178 |
| | 23051 | 4507 y Fh(\034)1221 4492 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\))17 |
| | 23052 | b Fj(h)1423 4507 y Fh(y)1465 4492 y Fw(\()p Fj(y)t Fw(\))1618 |
| | 23053 | 4424 y Fj(x)1673 4439 y Fl(1)1713 4424 y Fj(f)1761 4439 |
| | 23054 | y Fl(1)1801 4424 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1894 4439 y Fl(1)1933 |
| | 23055 | 4424 y Fj(;)g(Q)2054 4382 y Fl(2)2094 4424 y Fw(\))g |
| | 23056 | Fj(x)2204 4439 y Fl(2)2243 4424 y Fj(f)2291 4439 y Fl(2)2331 |
| | 23057 | 4424 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2424 4439 y Fl(2)2464 4424 y Fj(;)g(Q)2585 |
| | 23058 | 4382 y Fl(2)2624 4424 y Fw(\))2699 4356 y(^)-53 b Fj(s)p |
| | 23059 | 2688 4400 59 4 v 2688 4492 a(\031)2762 4424 y Fw(^)f |
| | 23060 | Fj(\033)t Fw(\()t(^)h Fj(s)p Fw(\))2938 4277 y Fg(+)3054 |
| | 23061 | 4424 y Fj(:)525 b Fw(\(86\))0 4700 y(The)35 b(structure)h(is)d(th)m(us) |
| | 23062 | j(exactly)e(the)h(same,)f(but)h(the)f Fj(z)t Fw(-related)g(pieces)h |
| | 23063 | (are)g(absen)m(t,)g(and)g(the)f(r^)-49 b(ole)0 4809 y(of)32 |
| | 23064 | b(the)h(dimensionless)f(cross)h(section)g(is)f(pla)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)h |
| | 23065 | (\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s=\031)t Fw(\))5 b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)s |
| | 23066 | Fw(\()t(^)h Fj(s)p Fw(\).)146 4917 y(If)38 b(the)h(range)f(of)g(allo)m |
| | 23067 | (w)m(ed)f(deca)m(y)i(angles)f(of)g(the)g(resonance)i(is)d(restricted,)j |
| | 23068 | (e.g.)60 b(b)m(y)39 b(requiring)0 5025 y(the)34 b(deca)m(y)i(pro)s |
| | 23069 | (ducts)e(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(minim)m(um)c(transv)m(erse)36 |
| | 23070 | b(momen)m(tum,)d(e\013ectiv)m(ely)i(this)f(translates)0 |
| | 23071 | 5148 y(in)m(to)d(constrain)m(ts)g(on)g(the)h Fj(z)h Fw(=)27 |
| | 23072 | b(cos)1329 5122 y(^)1321 5148 y Fj(\022)35 b Fw(v)-5 |
| | 23073 | b(ariable)29 b(of)i(the)h(2)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(2)j(pro)s(cess.)44 |
| | 23074 | b(The)32 b(di\013erence)g(is)f(that)g(the)0 5257 y(angular)38 |
| | 23075 | b(dep)s(endence)k(of)c(a)h(resonance)i(deca)m(y)f(is)f(trivial,)f(and)i |
| | 23076 | (that)f(therefore)h(the)f Fj(z)t Fw(-dep)s(enden)m(t)0 |
| | 23077 | 5365 y(factor)j(can)g(b)s(e)g(easily)f(ev)-5 b(aluated.)72 |
| | 23078 | b(F)-8 b(or)41 b(a)g(spin-0)h(resonance,)j(whic)m(h)e(deca)m(ys)h |
| | 23079 | (isotropically)-8 b(,)41 b(the)0 5473 y(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)23 |
| | 23080 | b(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(is)g(simply)e(\()p Fj(z)1132 5488 y |
| | 23081 | Fk(\000)p Fl(max)1325 5473 y Fn(\000)s Fj(z)1450 5488 |
| | 23082 | y Fk(\000)p Fl(min)1627 5473 y Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(2)s(+)s(\()p |
| | 23083 | Fj(z)1928 5488 y Fl(+max)2120 5473 y Fn(\000)s Fj(z)2245 |
| | 23084 | 5488 y Fl(+min)2422 5473 y Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(2.)40 b(F)-8 |
| | 23085 | b(or)22 b(a)g(transv)m(ersely)j(p)s(olarized)1841 5953 |
| | 23086 | y(99)p eop |
| | 23087 | %%Page: 100 106 |
| | 23088 | 100 105 bop 0 -18 a Fw(spin-1)32 b(resonance)i(the)f(expression)h(is,)e |
| | 23089 | (instead,)116 147 y(3)p 116 191 49 4 v 116 282 a(8)174 |
| | 23090 | 214 y(\()p Fj(z)257 229 y Fk(\000)p Fl(max)470 214 y |
| | 23091 | Fn(\000)23 b Fj(z)615 229 y Fk(\000)p Fl(min)792 214 |
| | 23092 | y Fw(\))f(+)960 147 y(3)p 960 191 V 960 282 a(8)1018 |
| | 23093 | 214 y(\()p Fj(z)1101 229 y Fl(+max)1314 214 y Fn(\000)h |
| | 23094 | Fj(z)1459 229 y Fl(+min)1636 214 y Fw(\))f(+)1804 147 |
| | 23095 | y(1)p 1804 191 V 1804 282 a(8)1863 214 y(\()p Fj(z)1946 |
| | 23096 | 229 y Fk(\000)p Fl(max)2158 214 y Fn(\000)h Fj(z)2303 |
| | 23097 | 229 y Fk(\000)p Fl(min)2480 214 y Fw(\))2518 173 y Fl(3)2579 |
| | 23098 | 214 y Fw(+)2687 147 y(1)p 2687 191 V 2687 282 a(8)2746 |
| | 23099 | 214 y(\()p Fj(z)2829 229 y Fl(+max)3042 214 y Fn(\000)g |
| | 23100 | Fj(z)3187 229 y Fl(+min)3364 214 y Fw(\))3402 173 y Fl(3)3473 |
| | 23101 | 214 y Fj(:)106 b Fw(\(87\))0 439 y(Since)36 b(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f |
| | 23102 | Fj(z)41 b Fw(range)36 b(could)f(dep)s(end)i(on)f Fj(\034)47 |
| | 23103 | b Fw(and/or)35 b Fj(y)k Fw(\(it)c(do)s(es)h(for)f(a)h |
| | 23104 | Fj(p)3030 454 y Fk(?)3125 439 y Fw(cut\),)h(the)f(factor)0 |
| | 23105 | 547 y(has)d(to)g(b)s(e)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)33 b(for)f(eac)m(h)i |
| | 23106 | (individual)c(phase-space)35 b(p)s(oin)m(t)d(and)h(included)g(in)f(the) |
| | 23107 | h(expression)0 655 y(of)f(eq.)44 b(\(86\).)146 764 y(F)-8 |
| | 23108 | b(or)36 b(2)f Fn(!)g Fw(2)i(pro)s(cesses)i(where)f(either)e(of)h(the)g |
| | 23109 | (\014nal-state)f(particles)h(is)f(a)h(resonance,)i(or)e(b)s(oth,)0 |
| | 23110 | 872 y(an)32 b(additional)d(c)m(hoice)j(has)h(to)e(b)s(e)i(made)e(for)h |
| | 23111 | (eac)m(h)h(resonance)g(mass,)f(eq.)h(\(80\).)43 b(Since)32 |
| | 23112 | b(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)0 980 y Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)45 b |
| | 23113 | Fj(y)h Fw(and)d Fj(z)k Fw(ranges)c(dep)s(end)g(on)g Fj(m)1404 |
| | 23114 | 944 y Fl(2)1404 1005 y(3)1486 980 y Fw(and)f Fj(m)1770 |
| | 23115 | 944 y Fl(2)1770 1005 y(4)1810 980 y Fw(,)j(the)e(selection)f(of)g |
| | 23116 | (masses)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)e(precede)i(the)0 1089 y(c)m(hoice)i(of)e |
| | 23117 | (the)i(other)g(phase-space)g(v)-5 b(ariables.)81 b(Just)46 |
| | 23118 | b(as)f(for)g(the)h(other)f(v)-5 b(ariables,)47 b(masses)f(are)0 |
| | 23119 | 1197 y(not)c(selected)i(uniformly)d(o)m(v)m(er)i(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f |
| | 23120 | (range,)j(but)e(are)g(rather)g(distributed)f(according)g(to)0 |
| | 23121 | 1305 y(a)h(function)f Fj(h)540 1320 y Fh(m)607 1305 y |
| | 23122 | Fw(\()p Fj(m)730 1269 y Fl(2)770 1305 y Fw(\))17 b Fj(dm)961 |
| | 23123 | 1269 y Fl(2)1000 1305 y Fw(,)46 b(with)c(a)h(comp)s(ensating)f(factor)h |
| | 23124 | (1)p Fj(=h)2467 1320 y Fh(m)2533 1305 y Fw(\()p Fj(m)2656 |
| | 23125 | 1269 y Fl(2)2696 1305 y Fw(\))g(in)f(the)i(`Jacobian'.)75 |
| | 23126 | b(The)0 1414 y(functional)31 b(form)g(pic)m(k)m(ed)j(is)e(normally)555 |
| | 23127 | 1650 y Fj(h)611 1665 y Fh(m)677 1650 y Fw(\()p Fj(m)800 |
| | 23128 | 1609 y Fl(2)840 1650 y Fw(\))c(=)1025 1583 y Fj(c)1067 |
| | 23129 | 1598 y Fl(1)p 1019 1627 94 4 v 1019 1718 a Fn(I)1073 |
| | 23130 | 1733 y Fl(1)1154 1583 y Fw(1)p 1149 1627 59 4 v 1149 |
| | 23131 | 1718 a Fj(\031)1557 1583 y(m)1642 1598 y Fh(R)1700 1583 |
| | 23132 | y Fw(\000)1761 1598 y Fh(R)p 1245 1627 887 4 v 1245 1718 |
| | 23133 | a Fw(\()p Fj(m)1368 1690 y Fl(2)1430 1718 y Fn(\000)22 |
| | 23134 | b Fj(m)1614 1684 y Fl(2)1614 1743 y Fh(R)1672 1718 y |
| | 23135 | Fw(\))1710 1690 y Fl(2)1772 1718 y Fw(+)g Fj(m)1955 1684 |
| | 23136 | y Fl(2)1955 1743 y Fh(R)2013 1718 y Fw(\000)2074 1684 |
| | 23137 | y Fl(2)2074 1743 y Fh(R)2164 1650 y Fw(+)2278 1583 y |
| | 23138 | Fj(c)2320 1598 y Fl(2)p 2272 1627 94 4 v 2272 1718 a |
| | 23139 | Fn(I)2326 1733 y Fl(2)2397 1650 y Fw(+)2511 1583 y Fj(c)2553 |
| | 23140 | 1598 y Fl(3)p 2505 1627 V 2505 1718 a Fn(I)2559 1733 |
| | 23141 | y Fl(3)2674 1583 y Fw(1)p 2636 1627 125 4 v 2636 1718 |
| | 23142 | a Fj(m)2721 1690 y Fl(2)2792 1650 y Fw(+)2907 1583 y |
| | 23143 | Fj(c)2949 1598 y Fl(4)p 2900 1627 94 4 v 2900 1718 a |
| | 23144 | Fn(I)2954 1733 y Fl(4)3069 1583 y Fw(1)p 3031 1627 125 |
| | 23145 | 4 v 3031 1718 a Fj(m)3116 1690 y Fl(4)3198 1650 y Fj(:)381 |
| | 23146 | b Fw(\(88\))0 1894 y(The)28 b(de\014nition)e(of)g(the)h |
| | 23147 | Fn(I)944 1909 y Fh(i)1000 1894 y Fw(in)m(tegrals)e(is)i(analogous)e(to) |
| | 23148 | i(the)g(one)g(b)s(efore.)42 b(The)28 b Fj(c)2939 1909 |
| | 23149 | y Fh(i)2994 1894 y Fw(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)g(are)f(not)0 |
| | 23150 | 2002 y(found)37 b(b)m(y)h(optimization,)c(but)j(predetermined,)h |
| | 23151 | (normally)d(to)h Fj(c)2458 2017 y Fl(1)2533 2002 y Fw(=)e(0)p |
| | 23152 | Fj(:)p Fw(8,)k Fj(c)2875 2017 y Fl(2)2949 2002 y Fw(=)d |
| | 23153 | Fj(c)3102 2017 y Fl(3)3176 2002 y Fw(=)g(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(1,)j |
| | 23154 | Fj(c)3519 2017 y Fl(4)3593 2002 y Fw(=)d(0.)0 2111 y(Clearly)-8 |
| | 23155 | b(,)36 b(had)f(the)h(phase)h(space)g(and)f(the)g(cross)g(section)g(b)s |
| | 23156 | (een)h(indep)s(enden)m(t)f(of)g Fj(m)3188 2075 y Fl(2)3188 |
| | 23157 | 2135 y(3)3263 2111 y Fw(and)g Fj(m)3541 2075 y Fl(2)3541 |
| | 23158 | 2135 y(4)3581 2111 y Fw(,)g(the)0 2219 y(optimal)28 b(c)m(hoice)j(w)m |
| | 23159 | (ould)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)g(to)f(put)g Fj(c)1716 2234 |
| | 23160 | y Fl(1)1783 2219 y Fw(=)d(1)i(and)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(all)d(other)i |
| | 23161 | Fj(c)2806 2234 y Fh(i)2865 2219 y Fw(v)-5 b(anishing)30 |
| | 23162 | b(|)g(then)i(the)0 2327 y(1)p Fj(=h)154 2342 y Fh(m)255 |
| | 23163 | 2327 y Fw(factor)i(of)h(the)g(`Jacobian')f(w)m(ould)h(exactly)g(ha)m(v) |
| | 23164 | m(e)h(cancelled)e(the)i(Breit{Wigner)d(of)h(eq.)i(\(80\))0 |
| | 23165 | 2436 y(in)j(the)h(cross)h(section.)65 b(The)41 b(second)g(and)f(the)g |
| | 23166 | (third)g(terms)f(are)h(there)h(to)e(co)m(v)m(er)i(the)g(p)s(ossibilit)m |
| | 23167 | (y)0 2544 y(that)31 b(the)h(cross)g(section)f(do)s(es)h(not)f(die)g(a)m |
| | 23168 | (w)m(a)m(y)h(quite)f(as)h(fast)f(as)g(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)g(the)f(na)-11 |
| | 23169 | b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)32 b(Breit{Wigner)0 2653 y(shap)s(e.)59 |
| | 23170 | b(In)38 b(particular,)f(the)h(third)f(term)g(co)m(v)m(ers)i(the)f(p)s |
| | 23171 | (ossibilit)m(y)d(of)i(a)h(secondary)h(p)s(eak)f(at)f(small)0 |
| | 23172 | 2761 y Fj(m)85 2725 y Fl(2)125 2761 y Fw(,)42 b(in)e(a)g(spirit)e |
| | 23173 | (sligh)m(tly)h(similar)e(to)j(the)h(one)f(discussed)i(for)e(resonance)i |
| | 23174 | (pro)s(duction)d(in)h(2)g Fn(!)h Fw(1)0 2869 y(pro)s(cesses.)146 |
| | 23175 | 2978 y(The)f(fourth)e(term)g(is)g(only)f(used)j(for)e(pro)s(cesses)i |
| | 23176 | (in)m(v)m(olving)d Fj(\015)2506 2941 y Fk(\003)2546 2978 |
| | 23177 | y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2655 2941 y Fl(0)2732 2978 y Fw(pro)s(duction,)i(where)h |
| | 23178 | (the)f Fj(\015)0 3086 y Fw(propagator)d(guaran)m(tees)j(that)e(the)h |
| | 23179 | (cross)g(section)g(do)s(es)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(a)g(signi\014can)m(t)e |
| | 23180 | (secondary)j(p)s(eak)f(for)0 3194 y Fj(m)85 3158 y Fl(2)152 |
| | 23181 | 3194 y Fn(!)28 b Fw(0.)43 b(Therefore)34 b(here)f(the)g(c)m(hoice)g(is) |
| | 23182 | f Fj(c)1650 3209 y Fl(1)1717 3194 y Fw(=)c(0)p Fj(:)p |
| | 23183 | Fw(4,)k Fj(c)2047 3209 y Fl(2)2114 3194 y Fw(=)c(0)p |
| | 23184 | Fj(:)p Fw(05,)k Fj(c)2493 3209 y Fl(3)2560 3194 y Fw(=)27 |
| | 23185 | b(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(3)32 b(and)h Fj(c)3052 3209 y Fl(4)3119 |
| | 23186 | 3194 y Fw(=)28 b(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(25.)146 3303 y(A)36 b(few)g(sp)s(ecial)e |
| | 23187 | (tric)m(ks)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)g(included)f(to)g(impro)m(v)m(e)g |
| | 23188 | (e\016ciency)i(when)f(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(mass)0 3411 |
| | 23189 | y(range)h(of)f(resonances)i(is)f(constrained)f(b)m(y)i(kinematics)e(or) |
| | 23190 | g(b)m(y)i(user)f(cuts.)54 b(F)-8 b(or)35 b(instance,)i(if)d(a)i(pair)0 |
| | 23191 | 3519 y(of)d(equal)h(or)f(c)m(harge-conjugate)h(resonances)h(are)f(pro)s |
| | 23192 | (duced,)h(suc)m(h)g(as)f(in)f(e)2842 3483 y Fl(+)2901 |
| | 23193 | 3519 y Fw(e)2944 3483 y Fk(\000)3033 3519 y Fn(!)c Fw(W)3263 |
| | 23194 | 3483 y Fl(+)3323 3519 y Fw(W)3424 3483 y Fk(\000)3483 |
| | 23195 | 3519 y Fw(,)34 b(use)h(is)0 3628 y(made)h(of)g(the)i(constrain)m(t)e |
| | 23196 | (that)h(the)g(ligh)m(ter)e(of)h(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(has)f(to)f(ha)m(v)m |
| | 23197 | (e)i(a)f(mass)f(smaller)f(than)i(half)0 3736 y(the)c(c.m.)43 |
| | 23198 | b(energy)-8 b(.)0 3980 y Fo(7.4.3)112 b(Lepton)38 b(b)s(eams)0 |
| | 23199 | 4152 y Fw(Lepton)27 b(b)s(eams)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(b)s(e)g(handled)g |
| | 23200 | (sligh)m(tly)f(di\013eren)m(tly)h(from)e(what)j(has)f(b)s(een)h |
| | 23201 | (describ)s(ed)g(so)f(far.)0 4261 y(One)33 b(also)f(has)h(to)f |
| | 23202 | (distinguish)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(a)f(lepton)f(for)g(whic)m(h)h(parton) |
| | 23203 | g(distributions)e(are)i(included)0 4369 y(and)27 b(one)g(whic)m(h)h(is) |
| | 23204 | e(treated)i(as)f(an)g(unresolv)m(ed)h(p)s(oin)m(t-lik)m(e)d(particle.) |
| | 23205 | 40 b(The)28 b(necessary)i(mo)s(di\014cations)0 4478 y(are)38 |
| | 23206 | b(the)g(same)g(for)g(2)e Fn(!)h Fw(2)g(and)h(2)f Fn(!)f |
| | 23207 | Fw(1)i(pro)s(cesses,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)h(since)d(the)2840 |
| | 23208 | 4459 y(^)2839 4478 y Fj(t)f Fw(degree)h(of)e(freedom)h(is)0 |
| | 23209 | 4586 y(una\013ected.)146 4694 y(If)d(one)h(incoming)d(b)s(eam)h(is)h |
| | 23210 | (an)g(unresolv)m(ed)i(lepton,)e(the)h(corresp)s(onding)f |
| | 23211 | (parton-distribution)0 4803 y(piece)d(collapses)e(to)h(a)g |
| | 23212 | Fj(\016)36 b Fw(function.)42 b(This)32 b(function)e(can)i(b)s(e)g(used) |
| | 23213 | g(to)f(in)m(tegrate)g(out)g(the)h Fj(y)i Fw(v)-5 b(ariable:)0 |
| | 23214 | 4911 y Fj(\016)t Fw(\()p Fj(x)140 4926 y Fl(1)p Fh(;)p |
| | 23215 | Fl(2)262 4911 y Fn(\000)27 b Fw(1\))40 b(=)f Fj(\016)t |
| | 23216 | Fw(\()p Fj(y)30 b Fn(\006)e Fw(\(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2\))17 |
| | 23217 | b(ln)d Fj(\034)d Fw(\).)66 b(It)39 b(is)h(therefore)g(only)f(necessary) |
| | 23218 | j(to)d(select)i(the)f Fj(\034)51 b Fw(and)40 b(the)g |
| | 23219 | Fj(z)0 5019 y Fw(v)-5 b(ariables)40 b(according)h(to)g(the)g(prop)s(er) |
| | 23220 | h(distributions,)g(with)f(comp)s(ensating)f(w)m(eigh)m(t)i(factors,)h |
| | 23221 | (and)0 5128 y(only)32 b(one)h(set)g(of)f(parton)h(distributions)e(has)i |
| | 23222 | (to)f(b)s(e)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(explicitly)-8 b(.)146 |
| | 23223 | 5236 y(If)41 b(b)s(oth)g(incoming)d(b)s(eams)j(are)g(unresolv)m(ed)h |
| | 23224 | (leptons,)h(b)s(oth)d(the)i Fj(\034)52 b Fw(and)41 b(the)g |
| | 23225 | Fj(y)j Fw(v)-5 b(ariables)39 b(are)0 5344 y(trivially)32 |
| | 23226 | b(giv)m(en:)49 b Fj(\034)43 b Fw(=)32 b(1)j(and)g Fj(y)h |
| | 23227 | Fw(=)c(0.)51 b(P)m(arton-distribution)33 b(w)m(eigh)m(ts)j(disapp)s |
| | 23228 | (ear)e(completely)-8 b(.)50 b(F)-8 b(or)0 5453 y(a)35 |
| | 23229 | b(2)c Fn(!)g Fw(2)k(pro)s(cess,)h(only)f(the)g Fj(z)k |
| | 23230 | Fw(selection)c(remains)f(to)g(b)s(e)h(p)s(erformed,)g(while)f(a)h(2)c |
| | 23231 | Fn(!)g Fw(1)k(pro)s(cess)h(is)0 5561 y(completely)f(sp)s(eci\014ed,)j |
| | 23232 | (i.e.)53 b(the)36 b(cross)h(section)f(is)g(a)g(simple)e(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 23233 | (er)i(that)g(only)g(dep)s(ends)h(on)f(the)0 5669 y(c.m.)43 |
| | 23234 | b(energy)-8 b(.)1817 5953 y(100)p eop |
| | 23235 | %%Page: 101 107 |
| | 23236 | 101 106 bop 146 -18 a Fw(F)-8 b(or)34 b(a)h(resolv)m(ed)h(electron,)g |
| | 23237 | (the)f Fj(f)1412 -55 y Fl(e)1401 6 y(e)1482 -18 y Fw(parton)g |
| | 23238 | (distribution)e(is)h(strongly)h(p)s(eak)m(ed)h(to)m(w)m(ards)g |
| | 23239 | Fj(x)c Fw(=)g(1.)0 90 y(This)40 b(a\013ects)g(b)s(oth)g(the)g |
| | 23240 | Fj(\034)51 b Fw(and)40 b(the)g Fj(y)j Fw(distributions,)d(whic)m(h)g |
| | 23241 | (are)g(not)g(w)m(ell)e(describ)s(ed)j(b)m(y)g(either)0 |
| | 23242 | 198 y(of)32 b(the)h(pieces)g(in)f Fj(h)731 213 y Fh(\034)774 |
| | 23243 | 198 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\))33 b(or)f Fj(h)1111 |
| | 23244 | 213 y Fh(y)1153 198 y Fw(\()p Fj(y)t Fw(\))g(in)f(pro)s(cesses)k(with)d |
| | 23245 | (in)m(teracting)g(e)2604 162 y Fk(\006)2663 198 y Fw(.)43 |
| | 23246 | b(\(Pro)s(cesses)35 b(whic)m(h)e(in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)0 307 |
| | 23247 | y(e.g.)44 b(the)33 b Fj(\015)k Fw(con)m(ten)m(t)d(of)e(the)h(e)g(are)g |
| | 23248 | (still)d(w)m(ell)i(sim)m(ulated,)f(since)i Fj(f)2466 |
| | 23249 | 270 y Fl(e)2455 331 y Fh(\015)2534 307 y Fw(is)f(p)s(eak)m(ed)i(at)e |
| | 23250 | (small)e Fj(x)p Fw(.\))146 427 y(If)40 b(b)s(oth)g(parton)f |
| | 23251 | (distributions)g(are)g(p)s(eak)m(ed)j(close)d(to)h(1,)h(the)g |
| | 23252 | Fj(h)2609 442 y Fh(\034)2652 427 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 |
| | 23253 | b Fw(\))40 b(expression)h(in)e(eq.)66 b(\(83\))0 535 |
| | 23254 | y(is)47 b(therefore)h(increased)g(with)f(one)g(additional)e(term)i(of)g |
| | 23255 | (the)g(form)f Fj(h)2738 550 y Fh(\034)2782 535 y Fw(\()p |
| | 23256 | Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\))53 b Fn(/)g Fw(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)32 |
| | 23257 | b Fn(\000)g Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\),)52 b(with)0 644 y(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts) |
| | 23258 | 33 b Fj(c)535 659 y Fl(7)607 644 y Fw(and)f Fn(I)850 |
| | 23259 | 659 y Fl(7)922 644 y Fw(determined)g(as)g(b)s(efore.)43 |
| | 23260 | b(The)34 b(div)m(ergence)f(when)g Fj(\034)39 b Fn(!)28 |
| | 23261 | b Fw(1)k(is)f(cut)i(o\013)f(b)m(y)h(our)0 752 y(regularization)h(pro)s |
| | 23262 | (cedure)k(for)f(the)g Fj(f)1464 716 y Fl(e)1453 777 y(e)1536 |
| | 23263 | 752 y Fw(parton)g(distribution;)g(therefore)h(w)m(e)g(only)e(need)i |
| | 23264 | (consider)0 860 y Fj(\034)h(<)28 b Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)g |
| | 23265 | Fw(2)g Fn(\002)h Fw(10)624 824 y Fk(\000)p Fl(6)718 860 |
| | 23266 | y Fw(.)146 969 y(Corresp)s(ondingly)-8 b(,)25 b(the)f |
| | 23267 | Fj(h)1105 984 y Fh(y)1146 969 y Fw(\()p Fj(y)t Fw(\))e(expression)j(is) |
| | 23268 | e(expanded)i(with)e(a)g(term)f(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)s Fn(\000)s |
| | 23269 | Fw(exp)q(\()p Fj(y)7 b Fn(\000)s Fj(y)3419 984 y Fl(0)3458 |
| | 23270 | 969 y Fw(\)\))23 b(when)0 1077 y(incoming)28 b(b)s(eam)h(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 23271 | (er)h(1)f(consists)i(of)e(a)h(resolv)m(ed)h(e)2064 1041 |
| | 23272 | y Fk(\006)2123 1077 y Fw(,)f(and)g(with)g(a)f(term)h(1)p |
| | 23273 | Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)17 b Fn(\000)g Fw(exp\()p Fn(\000)p Fj(y)j |
| | 23274 | Fn(\000)d Fj(y)3665 1092 y Fl(0)3704 1077 y Fw(\)\))0 |
| | 23275 | 1186 y(when)45 b(incoming)c(b)s(eam)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(2)f(consists)i |
| | 23276 | (of)e(a)g(resolv)m(ed)i(e)2440 1149 y Fk(\006)2499 1186 |
| | 23277 | y Fw(.)77 b(Both)43 b(terms)h(are)g(presen)m(t)h(for)0 |
| | 23278 | 1294 y(an)40 b(e)186 1258 y Fl(+)246 1294 y Fw(e)289 |
| | 23279 | 1258 y Fk(\000)388 1294 y Fw(collider,)g(only)g(one)h(for)e(an)i(ep)f |
| | 23280 | (one.)67 b(The)42 b(co)s(e\016cien)m(t)e Fj(y)2571 1309 |
| | 23281 | y Fl(0)2651 1294 y Fw(=)h Fn(\000)p Fw(\(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2\))17 |
| | 23282 | b(ln)e Fj(\034)52 b Fw(is)40 b(the)g(na)-11 b(\177)-38 |
| | 23283 | b(\020v)m(e)0 1402 y(kinematical)39 b(limit)f(of)j(the)h |
| | 23284 | Fj(y)j Fw(range,)f Fn(j)p Fj(y)t Fn(j)d Fj(<)i(y)1784 |
| | 23285 | 1417 y Fl(0)1823 1402 y Fw(.)71 b(F)-8 b(rom)40 b(the)i(de\014nitions)f |
| | 23286 | (of)g Fj(y)k Fw(and)c Fj(y)3303 1417 y Fl(0)3384 1402 |
| | 23287 | y Fw(it)f(is)h(easy)0 1511 y(to)e(see)h(that)f(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(terms) |
| | 23288 | f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(corresp)s(ond)g(to)f(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)26 |
| | 23289 | b Fn(\000)h Fj(x)2433 1526 y Fl(1)2473 1511 y Fw(\))39 |
| | 23290 | b(and)g(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)26 b Fn(\000)h Fj(x)3116 1526 |
| | 23291 | y Fl(2)3156 1511 y Fw(\),)40 b(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 23292 | b(,)0 1619 y(and)32 b(th)m(us)h(are)g(again)d(regularized)i(b)m(y)h |
| | 23293 | (our)f(parton-distribution)d(function)j(cut-o\013.)43 |
| | 23294 | b(Therefore)33 b(the)0 1727 y(in)m(tegration)c(ranges)j(are)f |
| | 23295 | Fj(y)g(<)c(y)1188 1742 y Fl(0)1246 1727 y Fn(\000)20 |
| | 23296 | b Fw(10)1441 1691 y Fk(\000)p Fl(6)1566 1727 y Fw(for)30 |
| | 23297 | b(the)i(\014rst)g(term)e(and)h Fj(y)g(>)d Fn(\000)p Fj(y)2807 |
| | 23298 | 1742 y Fl(0)2865 1727 y Fw(+)19 b(10)3058 1691 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 23299 | Fl(6)3183 1727 y Fw(for)31 b(the)g(second)0 1836 y(one.)0 |
| | 23300 | 2083 y Fo(7.4.4)112 b(Mixing)37 b(pro)s(cesses)0 2256 |
| | 23301 | y Fw(In)e(the)h(cross-section)g(form)m(ulae)d(giv)m(en)i(so)h(far,)f(w) |
| | 23302 | m(e)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(delib)s(erately)e(suppressed)k(a)c(summation)0 |
| | 23303 | 2364 y(o)m(v)m(er)c(the)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(incoming)d(\015a)m(v)m(ours.) |
| | 23304 | 44 b(F)-8 b(or)28 b(instance,)i(the)f(pro)s(cess)i(f)p |
| | 23305 | 2637 2285 37 4 v 7 w(f)j Fn(!)27 b Fw(Z)2888 2328 y Fl(0)2956 |
| | 23306 | 2364 y Fw(in)h(a)h(hadron)g(collider)0 2473 y(receiv)m(es)36 |
| | 23307 | b(con)m(tributions)d(from)g(u)p 1241 2420 55 4 v(u)e |
| | 23308 | Fn(!)f Fw(Z)1516 2437 y Fl(0)1555 2473 y Fw(,)k(d)p 1670 |
| | 23309 | 2394 V(d)d Fn(!)f Fw(Z)1945 2437 y Fl(0)1984 2473 y Fw(,)35 |
| | 23310 | b(s)p 2084 2420 39 4 v(s)c Fn(!)f Fw(Z)2343 2437 y Fl(0)2382 |
| | 23311 | 2473 y Fw(,)35 b(and)f(so)g(on.)48 b(These)36 b(con)m(tributions)0 |
| | 23312 | 2581 y(share)29 b(the)g(same)f(basic)g(form,)g(but)h(di\013er)f(in)f |
| | 23313 | (the)i(parton-distribution)d(w)m(eigh)m(ts)j(and)g(\(usually\))e(in)h |
| | 23314 | (a)0 2689 y(few)h(coupling)e(constan)m(ts)i(in)f(the)g(hard)h(matrix)d |
| | 23315 | (elemen)m(ts.)43 b(It)28 b(it)f(therefore)i(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)h(to)e |
| | 23316 | (generate)0 2798 y(the)33 b(terms)g(together,)f(as)h(follo)m(ws:)119 |
| | 23317 | 2911 y(1.)49 b(A)42 b(phase-space)i(p)s(oin)m(t)e(is)g(pic)m(k)m(ed,)k |
| | 23318 | (and)c(all)e(common)h(factors)i(related)f(to)g(this)g(c)m(hoice)g(are) |
| | 23319 | 244 3019 y(ev)-5 b(aluated,)38 b(i.e.)57 b(the)37 b(`Jacobian')g(and)g |
| | 23320 | (the)g(common)f(pieces)i(of)f(the)g(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts)h(\(e.g.)244 |
| | 23321 | 3127 y(for)32 b(a)g(Z)534 3091 y Fl(0)606 3127 y Fw(the)h(basic)f |
| | 23322 | (Breit{Wigner)f(shap)s(e,)j(excluding)e(couplings)g(to)g(the)h(initial) |
| | 23323 | c(\015a)m(v)m(our\).)119 3245 y(2.)49 b(The)39 b |
| | 23324 | (parton-distribution-function)34 b(library)i(is)h(called)g(to)g(pro)s |
| | 23325 | (duce)i(all)d(the)i(parton)f(distri-)244 3354 y(butions,)32 |
| | 23326 | b(at)h(the)g(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)32 b Fj(x)h Fw(and)g Fj(Q)1629 |
| | 23327 | 3317 y Fl(2)1701 3354 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)33 b(for)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 23328 | (incoming)d(b)s(eams.)119 3471 y(3.)49 b(A)37 b(lo)s(op)e(is)h(made)g |
| | 23329 | (o)m(v)m(er)i(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(incoming)c(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)39 |
| | 23330 | b(one)e(from)f(eac)m(h)i(b)s(eam)e(particle.)54 b(F)-8 |
| | 23331 | b(or)244 3580 y(eac)m(h)48 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(set)i(of)e(incoming)f |
| | 23332 | (\015a)m(v)m(ours,)52 b(the)d(full)c(matrix-elemen)m(t)h(expression)j |
| | 23333 | (is)e(put)244 3688 y(together,)e(using)d(the)h(common)e(pieces)j(and)e |
| | 23334 | (the)h(\015a)m(v)m(our-dep)s(enden)m(t)i(couplings.)72 |
| | 23335 | b(This)43 b(is)244 3796 y(m)m(ultiplied)33 b(b)m(y)k(the)f(common)f |
| | 23336 | (factors)h(and)g(the)h(parton-distribution)c(w)m(eigh)m(ts)k(to)f |
| | 23337 | (obtain)f(a)244 3905 y(cross-section)e(w)m(eigh)m(t.)119 |
| | 23338 | 4023 y(4.)49 b(Eac)m(h)35 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(com)m |
| | 23339 | (bination)c(is)j(stored)g(as)h(a)e(separate)i(en)m(try)g(in)e(a)h |
| | 23340 | (table,)f(together)244 4131 y(with)f(its)g(w)m(eigh)m(t.)44 |
| | 23341 | b(In)33 b(addition,)e(a)h(summed)g(w)m(eigh)m(t)h(is)f(calculated.)119 |
| | 23342 | 4249 y(5.)49 b(The)28 b(phase-space)h(p)s(oin)m(t)e(is)g(k)m(ept)i(or)e |
| | 23343 | (rejected,)i(according)e(to)g(a)h(comparison)e(of)h(the)h(summed)244 |
| | 23344 | 4357 y(w)m(eigh)m(t)35 b(with)f(the)h(maxim)m(um)d(w)m(eigh)m(t)j |
| | 23345 | (obtained)f(at)h(initialization.)44 b(Also)34 b(the)h(cross-section)244 |
| | 23346 | 4465 y(Mon)m(te)e(Carlo)f(in)m(tegration)f(is)h(based)h(on)g(the)g |
| | 23347 | (summed)f(w)m(eigh)m(t.)119 4583 y(6.)49 b(If)31 b(the)h(p)s(oin)m(t)e |
| | 23348 | (is)h(retained,)h(one)f(of)g(the)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)h |
| | 23349 | (com)m(binations)e(is)h(pic)m(k)m(ed)h(according)244 |
| | 23350 | 4692 y(to)g(the)h(relativ)m(e)f(w)m(eigh)m(ts)h(stored)h(in)d(the)i |
| | 23351 | (full)e(table.)146 4805 y(Generally)-8 b(,)43 b(the)e(\015a)m(v)m(ours) |
| | 23352 | i(of)e(the)h(\014nal)e(state)i(are)f(either)g(completely)g(sp)s |
| | 23353 | (eci\014ed)h(b)m(y)g(those)g(of)0 4913 y(the)j(initial)40 |
| | 23354 | b(state,)48 b(e.g.)79 b(as)44 b(in)g(qg)49 b Fn(!)f Fw(qg)q(,)g(or)43 |
| | 23355 | b(completely)h(decoupled)h(from)e(them,)k(e.g.)79 b(as)44 |
| | 23356 | b(in)0 5037 y(f)p 37 4958 37 4 v 7 w(f)38 b Fn(!)32 b |
| | 23357 | Fw(Z)297 5001 y Fl(0)368 5037 y Fn(!)f Fw(f)536 5001 |
| | 23358 | y Fk(0)p 559 4958 V 559 5037 a Fw(f)596 4978 y Fk(0)619 |
| | 23359 | 5037 y Fw(.)51 b(In)35 b(neither)g(case)h(need)g(therefore)g(the)f |
| | 23360 | (\014nal-state)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours)j(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(in)e(the)0 |
| | 23361 | 5145 y(cross-section)44 b(calculation.)73 b(It)43 b(is)f(only)h |
| | 23362 | (necessary)-8 b(,)48 b(in)43 b(the)g(latter)f(case,)47 |
| | 23363 | b(to)c(include)f(an)h(o)m(v)m(erall)0 5254 y(w)m(eigh)m(t)37 |
| | 23364 | b(factor,)f(whic)m(h)h(tak)m(es)h(in)m(to)d(accoun)m(t)i(the)g(summed)f |
| | 23365 | (con)m(tribution)f(of)h(all)e(\014nal)i(states)h(that)0 |
| | 23366 | 5362 y(are)d(to)g(b)s(e)g(sim)m(ulated.)47 b(F)-8 b(or)33 |
| | 23367 | b(instance,)i(if)e(only)g(the)i(pro)s(cess)g(Z)2366 5326 |
| | 23368 | y Fl(0)2435 5362 y Fn(!)30 b Fw(e)2608 5326 y Fl(+)2667 |
| | 23369 | 5362 y Fw(e)2710 5326 y Fk(\000)2804 5362 y Fw(is)j(studied,)i(the)g |
| | 23370 | (relev)-5 b(an)m(t)0 5470 y(w)m(eigh)m(t)43 b(factor)g(is)g(simply)e |
| | 23371 | (\000)1101 5485 y Fl(ee)1168 5470 y Fj(=)p Fw(\000)1278 |
| | 23372 | 5485 y Fl(tot)1372 5470 y Fw(.)75 b(Once)44 b(the)g(kinematics)e(and)h |
| | 23373 | (the)h(incoming)d(\015a)m(v)m(ours)j(ha)m(v)m(e)0 5579 |
| | 23374 | y(b)s(een)37 b(selected,)i(the)e(outgoing)e(\015a)m(v)m(ours)j(can)f(b) |
| | 23375 | s(e)g(pic)m(k)m(ed)h(according)e(to)g(the)h(appropriate)f(relativ)m(e) |
| | 23376 | 1817 5953 y(101)p eop |
| | 23377 | %%Page: 102 108 |
| | 23378 | 102 107 bop 0 -18 a Fw(probabilities.)146 90 y(In)40 |
| | 23379 | b(some)e(pro)s(cesses,)43 b(suc)m(h)e(as)e(gg)g Fn(!)f |
| | 23380 | Fw(gg)q(,)j(sev)m(eral)e(di\013eren)m(t)h(colour)e(\015o)m(ws)i(are)f |
| | 23381 | (allo)m(w)m(ed,)h(eac)m(h)0 198 y(with)25 b(its)f(o)m(wn)i(kinematical) |
| | 23382 | c(dep)s(endence)27 b(of)e(the)g(matrix-elemen)m(t)e(w)m(eigh)m(t,)k |
| | 23383 | (see)f(section)f(8.2.1.)41 b(Eac)m(h)0 307 y(colour)28 |
| | 23384 | b(\015o)m(w)i(is)f(then)h(giv)m(en)f(as)h(a)f(separate)h(en)m(try)g(in) |
| | 23385 | f(the)g(table)g(men)m(tioned)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)h(i.e.)42 |
| | 23386 | b(in)29 b(total)f(an)0 415 y(en)m(try)35 b(is)e(c)m(haracterized)h(b)m |
| | 23387 | (y)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(incoming)d(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)36 |
| | 23388 | b(a)d(colour-\015o)m(w)g(index,)h(and)f(the)h(w)m(eigh)m(t.)0 |
| | 23389 | 523 y(F)-8 b(or)42 b(an)g(accepted)i(phase-space)g(p)s(oin)m(t,)g(the)e |
| | 23390 | (colour)g(\015o)m(w)h(is)f(selected)h(in)f(the)h(same)f(w)m(a)m(y)h(as) |
| | 23391 | g(the)0 632 y(incoming)30 b(\015a)m(v)m(ours.)146 740 |
| | 23392 | y(The)i(program)e(can)h(also)f(allo)m(w)g(the)h(mixed)g(generation)f |
| | 23393 | (of)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(or)g(more)f(completely)g(di\013eren)m(t)0 |
| | 23394 | 848 y(pro)s(cesses,)d(suc)m(h)e(as)f(f)p 800 769 37 4 |
| | 23395 | v 7 w(f)34 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(Z)1051 812 y Fl(0)1113 848 |
| | 23396 | y Fw(and)d(q)p 1345 795 52 4 v(q)k Fn(!)g Fw(gg)q(.)40 |
| | 23397 | b(In)24 b(that)f(case,)j(eac)m(h)e(pro)s(cess)h(is)e(initialized)c |
| | 23398 | (separately)-8 b(,)0 957 y(with)27 b(its)g(o)m(wn)h(set)g(of)f(co)s |
| | 23399 | (e\016cien)m(ts)h Fj(c)1329 972 y Fh(i)1385 957 y Fw(and)g(so)f(on.)42 |
| | 23400 | b(The)28 b(maxima)d(obtained)i(for)g(the)h(individual)d(cross)0 |
| | 23401 | 1065 y(sections)38 b(are)f(all)f(expressed)k(in)c(the)i(same)f(units,)i |
| | 23402 | (ev)m(en)g(when)f(the)g(dimensionalit)m(y)d(of)i(the)h(phase)0 |
| | 23403 | 1173 y(space)33 b(is)f(di\013eren)m(t.)44 b(\(This)32 |
| | 23404 | b(is)g(b)s(ecause)h(w)m(e)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(transform)e(to)h(a)g(phase)h |
| | 23405 | (space)h(of)d(unit)h(v)m(olume,)0 1211 y Fg(R)72 1282 |
| | 23406 | y Fj(h)128 1297 y Fh(\034)171 1282 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 |
| | 23407 | b Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(\034)41 b Fn(\021)30 b Fw(1,)k(etc.\))47 |
| | 23408 | b(The)35 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(generation)f(sc)m(heme)i(need)g(therefore)f |
| | 23409 | (only)f(b)s(e)h(generalized)f(as)0 1390 y(follo)m(ws:)119 |
| | 23410 | 1503 y(1.)49 b(One)29 b(pro)s(cess)g(is)g(selected)g(among)e(the)i |
| | 23411 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)f(ones,)i(with)e(a)h(relativ)m(e)e(probabilit)m(y)g(giv) |
| | 23412 | m(en)i(b)m(y)244 1611 y(the)k(maxim)m(um)d(w)m(eigh)m(t)j(for)f(this)g |
| | 23413 | (pro)s(cess.)119 1729 y(2.)49 b(A)29 b(phase-space)h(p)s(oin)m(t)e(is)g |
| | 23414 | (found,)i(using)e(the)h(distributions)f Fj(h)2555 1744 |
| | 23415 | y Fh(\034)2598 1729 y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\))29 b(and)g(so)g(on,)g |
| | 23416 | (optimized)e(for)244 1838 y(this)32 b(particular)f(pro)s(cess.)119 |
| | 23417 | 1955 y(3.)49 b(The)e(total)d(w)m(eigh)m(t)i(for)g(the)g(phase-space)i |
| | 23418 | (p)s(oin)m(t)d(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated,)49 b(again)c(with)g(`Jacobians',) |
| | 23419 | 244 2064 y(matrix)29 b(elemen)m(ts)i(and)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(incoming)d |
| | 23420 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)k(com)m(binations)d(that)i(are)g(sp)s(eci\014c)g(to)g |
| | 23421 | (the)244 2172 y(pro)s(cess.)119 2290 y(4.)49 b(The)d(p)s(oin)m(t)e(is)g |
| | 23422 | (retained)g(with)h(a)f(probabilit)m(y)f(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)h(the)f(ratio) |
| | 23423 | e(of)i(the)g(actual)f(to)g(the)244 2398 y(maxim)m(um)29 |
| | 23424 | b(w)m(eigh)m(t)i(of)g(the)h(pro)s(cess.)44 b(If)32 b(the)f(p)s(oin)m(t) |
| | 23425 | g(is)f(rejected,)j(one)f(has)g(to)f(go)f(bac)m(k)j(to)e(step)244 |
| | 23426 | 2506 y(1)h(and)h(pic)m(k)g(a)f(new)i(pro)s(cess.)119 |
| | 23427 | 2624 y(5.)49 b(Once)26 b(a)f(phase-space)i(p)s(oin)m(t)d(has)i(b)s(een) |
| | 23428 | g(accepted,)i(\015a)m(v)m(ours)e(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(selected,)i(and)d |
| | 23429 | (the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)244 2733 y(generated)33 b(in)f(full.)0 |
| | 23430 | 2846 y(It)38 b(is)g(clear)f(wh)m(y)j(this)d(w)m(orks:)56 |
| | 23431 | b(although)37 b(phase-space)j(p)s(oin)m(ts)e(are)g(selected)h(among)e |
| | 23432 | (the)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)0 2954 y(pro)s(cesses)30 b(according)e(to)g |
| | 23433 | (relativ)m(e)f(probabilities)f(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)h(the)g(maxim)m(um)d(w) |
| | 23434 | m(eigh)m(ts,)k(the)f(probabil-)0 3062 y(it)m(y)j(that)g(a)g(p)s(oin)m |
| | 23435 | (t)f(is)g(accepted)j(is)e(prop)s(ortional)d(to)j(the)g(ratio)f(of)h |
| | 23436 | (actual)f(to)h(maxim)m(um)d(w)m(eigh)m(t.)44 b(In)0 3171 |
| | 23437 | y(total,)34 b(the)h(probabilit)m(y)d(for)i(a)g(giv)m(en)h(pro)s(cess)h |
| | 23438 | (to)e(b)s(e)h(retained)f(is)g(therefore)h(only)f(prop)s(ortional)e(to)0 |
| | 23439 | 3279 y(the)h(a)m(v)m(erage)h(of)e(the)h(actual)e(w)m(eigh)m(ts,)j(and)e |
| | 23440 | (an)m(y)i(dep)s(endence)h(on)d(the)h(maxim)m(um)d(w)m(eigh)m(t)j(is)f |
| | 23441 | (gone.)146 3387 y(In)26 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)25 b(and)g |
| | 23442 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)30 b Fw(ph)m(ysics,)e(the)e(di\013eren)m(t)f(comp)s |
| | 23443 | (onen)m(ts)h(of)e(the)i(photon)f(giv)m(e)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(\014nal)f |
| | 23444 | (states,)0 3496 y(see)32 b(section)f(7.7.2.)42 b(T)-8 |
| | 23445 | b(ec)m(hnically)g(,)31 b(this)f(in)m(tro)s(duces)h(a)g(further)g(lev)m |
| | 23446 | (el)f(of)g(administration,)e(since)k(eac)m(h)0 3604 y(ev)m(en)m(t)j |
| | 23447 | (class)f(con)m(tains)g(a)f(set)i(of)e(\(partly)g(o)m(v)m(erlapping\))g |
| | 23448 | (pro)s(cesses.)49 b(F)-8 b(rom)32 b(an)h(ideological)d(p)s(oin)m(t)j |
| | 23449 | (of)0 3712 y(view,)i(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(it)33 b(just)i(represen)m(ts)i |
| | 23450 | (one)d(more)g(c)m(hoice)h(to)f(b)s(e)g(made,)h(that)f(of)g(ev)m(en)m(t) |
| | 23451 | i(class,)f(b)s(efore)0 3821 y(the)h(selection)g(of)f(pro)s(cess)i(in)e |
| | 23452 | (step)i(1)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)54 b(When)37 b(a)e(w)m(eigh)m(ting)h |
| | 23453 | (fails,)f(b)s(oth)g(class)h(and)g(pro)s(cess)0 3929 y(ha)m(v)m(e)e(to)e |
| | 23454 | (b)s(e)h(pic)m(k)m(ed)h(anew.)0 4196 y Fp(7.5)135 b Fs(2)33 |
| | 23455 | b Fc(!)g Fs(3)44 b Fp(and)h Fs(2)33 b Fc(!)f Fs(4)45 |
| | 23456 | b Fp(Pro)t(cesses)0 4369 y Fw(The)34 b Fm(Pythia)g Fw(mac)m(hinery)g |
| | 23457 | (to)f(handle)g(2)c Fn(!)g Fw(1)k(and)h(2)29 b Fn(!)g |
| | 23458 | Fw(2)k(pro)s(cesses)i(is)e(fairly)f(sophisticated)h(and)0 |
| | 23459 | 4478 y(generic.)43 b(The)33 b(same)e(cannot)h(b)s(e)g(said)f(ab)s(out)g |
| | 23460 | (the)h(generation)f(of)g(hard)h(scattering)f(pro)s(cesses)j(with)0 |
| | 23461 | 4586 y(more)c(than)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(\014nal-state)e(particles.)42 |
| | 23462 | b(The)32 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)g(phase-space)h(v)-5 |
| | 23463 | b(ariables)30 b(is)g(larger,)g(and)h(it)0 4694 y(is)25 |
| | 23464 | b(therefore)g(more)f(di\016cult)h(to)f(\014nd)i(and)f(transform)f(a)m |
| | 23465 | (w)m(a)m(y)i(all)d(p)s(ossible)i(p)s(eaks)h(in)e(the)h(cross)h(section) |
| | 23466 | 0 4803 y(b)m(y)i(a)e(suitably)g(biased)h(c)m(hoice)g(of)f(phase-space)j |
| | 23467 | (p)s(oin)m(ts.)41 b(In)27 b(addition,)f(matrix-elemen)m(t)f |
| | 23468 | (expressions)0 4911 y(for)35 b(2)d Fn(!)h Fw(3)i(pro)s(cesses)j(are)d |
| | 23469 | (t)m(ypically)g(fairly)e(length)m(y)-8 b(.)53 b(Therefore)36 |
| | 23470 | b Fm(Pythia)g Fw(only)f(con)m(tains)h(a)f(v)m(ery)0 5019 |
| | 23471 | y(limited)25 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j(of)f(2)h Fn(!)f Fw(3)g(and)h(2)g |
| | 23472 | Fn(!)f Fw(4)g(pro)s(cesses,)k(and)d(almost)e(eac)m(h)j(pro)s(cess)g(is) |
| | 23473 | e(a)h(sp)s(ecial)e(case)j(of)0 5128 y(its)j(o)m(wn.)45 |
| | 23474 | b(It)33 b(is)g(therefore)g(less)g(in)m(teresting)g(to)f(discuss)i |
| | 23475 | (details,)e(and)h(w)m(e)h(only)f(giv)m(e)g(a)f(v)m(ery)i(generic)0 |
| | 23476 | 5236 y(o)m(v)m(erview.)146 5344 y(If)d(the)g(Higgs)f(mass)g(is)g(not)h |
| | 23477 | (ligh)m(t,)e(in)m(teractions)h(among)g(longitudinal)d(W)32 |
| | 23478 | b(and)e(Z)h(gauge)f(b)s(osons)0 5453 y(are)45 b(of)f(in)m(terest.)81 |
| | 23479 | b(In)45 b(the)h(program,)g(2)j Fn(!)f Fw(1)c(pro)s(cesses)j(suc)m(h)g |
| | 23480 | (as)e(W)2709 5411 y Fl(+)2708 5477 y(L)2768 5453 y Fw(W)2869 |
| | 23481 | 5411 y Fk(\000)2868 5477 y Fl(L)2978 5453 y Fn(!)j Fw(H)3199 |
| | 23482 | 5416 y Fl(0)3283 5453 y Fw(and)d(2)k Fn(!)f Fw(2)0 5561 |
| | 23483 | y(ones)38 b(suc)m(h)g(as)g(W)672 5520 y Fl(+)671 5585 |
| | 23484 | y(L)731 5561 y Fw(W)832 5520 y Fk(\000)831 5585 y Fl(L)927 |
| | 23485 | 5561 y Fn(!)d Fw(Z)1122 5525 y Fl(0)1122 5586 y(L)1170 |
| | 23486 | 5561 y Fw(Z)1230 5525 y Fl(0)1230 5586 y(L)1315 5561 |
| | 23487 | y Fw(are)i(included.)56 b(The)38 b(former)e(are)h(for)g(use)h(when)g |
| | 23488 | (the)g(H)3443 5525 y Fl(0)3519 5561 y Fw(still)d(is)0 |
| | 23489 | 5669 y(reasonably)k(narro)m(w,)i(suc)m(h)f(that)e(a)h(resonance)h |
| | 23490 | (description)f(is)f(applicable,)g(while)g(the)i(latter)d(are)1817 |
| | 23491 | 5953 y(102)p eop |
| | 23492 | %%Page: 103 109 |
| | 23493 | 103 108 bop 0 -18 a Fw(in)m(tended)35 b(for)f(high)f(energies,)i(where) |
| | 23494 | h(di\013eren)m(t)e(con)m(tributions)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)d(b)s(e)i(added)g |
| | 23495 | (up.)49 b(Since)34 b(the)0 90 y(program)24 b(do)s(es)i(not)g(con)m |
| | 23496 | (tain)f(W)1200 105 y Fl(L)1274 90 y Fw(or)g(Z)1446 105 |
| | 23497 | y Fl(L)1519 90 y Fw(distributions)f(inside)h(hadrons,)j(the)e(basic)f |
| | 23498 | (hard)h(scattering)0 198 y(has)h(to)f(b)s(e)g(con)m(v)m(oluted)i(with)e |
| | 23499 | (the)g(q)j Fn(!)e Fw(q)1527 162 y Fk(0)1551 198 y Fw(W)1651 |
| | 23500 | 213 y Fl(L)1725 198 y Fw(and)g(q)h Fn(!)f Fw(qZ)2226 |
| | 23501 | 213 y Fl(L)2301 198 y Fw(branc)m(hings,)h(to)e(yield)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)h |
| | 23502 | (2)g Fn(!)h Fw(3)0 307 y(and)33 b(2)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(4)32 |
| | 23503 | b(pro)s(cesses.)46 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)36 b(it)31 b(is)i(p)s(ossible)f |
| | 23504 | (to)g(in)m(tegrate)g(out)h(the)g(scattering)f(angles)h(of)f(the)0 |
| | 23505 | 415 y(quarks)38 b(analytically)-8 b(,)35 b(as)h(w)m(ell)g(as)h(one)g |
| | 23506 | (energy-sharing)f(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b([Cha85].)56 b(Only)36 |
| | 23507 | b(after)g(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)0 523 y(has)j(b)s(een)h(accepted)g(are)f |
| | 23508 | (these)h(other)f(kinematical)d(v)-5 b(ariables)38 b(selected.)67 |
| | 23509 | b(This)40 b(in)m(v)m(olv)m(es)g(further)0 632 y(c)m(hoices)33 |
| | 23510 | b(of)g(random)e(v)-5 b(ariables,)32 b(according)g(to)g(a)g(separate)h |
| | 23511 | (selection)g(lo)s(op.)146 740 y(In)d(total,)e(it)f(is)i(therefore)g |
| | 23512 | (only)g(necessary)i(to)d(in)m(tro)s(duce)h(one)g(additional)d(v)-5 |
| | 23513 | b(ariable)27 b(in)h(the)i(basic)0 848 y(phase-space)45 |
| | 23514 | b(selection,)h(whic)m(h)e(is)f(c)m(hosen)i(to)f(b)s(e)j(^)-53 |
| | 23515 | b Fj(s)2022 812 y Fk(0)2046 848 y Fw(,)46 b(the)e(squared)h(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 23516 | b(arian)m(t)42 b(mass)h(of)g(the)h(full)0 957 y(2)i Fn(!)h |
| | 23517 | Fw(3)c(or)h(2)i Fn(!)h Fw(4)c(pro)s(cess,)48 b(while)f(^)-53 |
| | 23518 | b Fj(s)43 b Fw(is)h(used)h(for)e(the)h(squared)h(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 23519 | b(arian)m(t)43 b(mass)g(of)h(the)g(inner)0 1065 y(2)g |
| | 23520 | Fn(!)g Fw(1)f(or)f(2)i Fn(!)g Fw(2)f(pro)s(cess.)74 b(The)43 |
| | 23521 | b Fj(y)j Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(is)h(coupled)g(to)g(the)h(full)e(pro)s |
| | 23522 | (cess,)46 b(since)d(parton-)0 1183 y(distribution)31 |
| | 23523 | b(w)m(eigh)m(ts)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)e(b)s(e)h(giv)m(en)f(for)g(the)h |
| | 23524 | (original)d(quarks)j(at)g Fj(x)2769 1198 y Fl(1)p Fh(;)p |
| | 23525 | Fl(2)2891 1183 y Fw(=)2995 1101 y Fn(p)p 3078 1101 77 |
| | 23526 | 4 v 82 x Fj(\034)3131 1155 y Fk(0)3171 1183 y Fw(exp)18 |
| | 23527 | b(\()p Fn(\006)p Fj(y)t Fw(\))o(.)44 b(The)1 1289 y(^)0 |
| | 23528 | 1307 y Fj(t)38 b Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)36 b(is)h(related)h(to)f(the)i |
| | 23529 | (inner)e(pro)s(cess,)k(and)d(th)m(us)g(not)g(needed)i(for)d(the)h(2)f |
| | 23530 | Fn(!)f Fw(3)h(pro)s(cesses.)0 1415 y(The)e(selection)f(of)g(the)h |
| | 23531 | Fj(\034)936 1379 y Fk(0)990 1415 y Fw(=)g(^)-53 b Fj(s)1143 |
| | 23532 | 1379 y Fk(0)1166 1415 y Fj(=s)34 b Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)33 |
| | 23533 | b(is)h(done)g(after)g Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)36 b(but)e(b)s(efore)h |
| | 23534 | Fj(y)i Fw(has)e(b)s(een)g(c)m(hosen.)50 b(T)-8 b(o)0 |
| | 23535 | 1524 y(impro)m(v)m(e)36 b(the)h(e\016ciency)-8 b(,)39 |
| | 23536 | b(the)d(selection)g(is)g(made)g(according)g(to)g(a)g(w)m(eigh)m(ted)h |
| | 23537 | (phase)h(space)f(of)f(the)0 1632 y(form)230 1561 y Fg(R)302 |
| | 23538 | 1632 y Fj(h)358 1647 y Fh(\034)397 1628 y Fd(0)424 1632 |
| | 23539 | y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)515 1596 y Fk(0)539 1632 y Fw(\))17 |
| | 23540 | b(d)p Fj(\034)701 1596 y Fk(0)724 1632 y Fw(,)33 b(where)849 |
| | 23541 | 1911 y Fj(h)905 1926 y Fh(\034)944 1907 y Fd(0)971 1911 |
| | 23542 | y Fw(\()p Fj(\034)1062 1870 y Fk(0)1086 1911 y Fw(\))27 |
| | 23543 | b(=)1271 1844 y Fj(c)1313 1859 y Fl(1)p 1265 1888 94 |
| | 23544 | 4 v 1265 1980 a Fn(I)1319 1995 y Fl(1)1392 1844 y Fw(1)p |
| | 23545 | 1378 1888 77 4 v 1378 1980 a Fj(\034)1431 1951 y Fk(0)1487 |
| | 23546 | 1911 y Fw(+)1601 1844 y Fj(c)1643 1859 y Fl(2)p 1595 |
| | 23547 | 1888 94 4 v 1595 1980 a Fn(I)1649 1995 y Fl(2)1725 1844 |
| | 23548 | y Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(\034)11 b(=\034)2089 1808 |
| | 23549 | y Fk(0)2113 1844 y Fw(\))2151 1808 y Fl(3)p 1725 1888 |
| | 23550 | 465 4 v 1902 1980 a Fj(\034)1955 1951 y Fk(0)p Fl(2)2222 |
| | 23551 | 1911 y Fw(+)2337 1844 y Fj(c)2379 1859 y Fl(3)p 2330 |
| | 23552 | 1888 94 4 v 2330 1980 a Fn(I)2384 1995 y Fl(3)2636 1844 |
| | 23553 | y Fw(1)p 2461 1888 400 4 v 2461 1980 a Fj(\034)2514 1951 |
| | 23554 | y Fk(0)2537 1980 y Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(\034)2799 |
| | 23555 | 1951 y Fk(0)2823 1980 y Fw(\))2903 1911 y Fj(;)676 b |
| | 23556 | Fw(\(89\))0 2182 y(in)31 b(con)m(v)m(en)m(tional)i(notation.)42 |
| | 23557 | b(The)33 b Fj(c)1347 2197 y Fh(i)1407 2182 y Fw(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)h |
| | 23558 | (are)e(optimized)e(at)i(initialization.)38 b(The)33 b |
| | 23559 | Fj(c)3480 2197 y Fl(3)3552 2182 y Fw(term,)0 2290 y(p)s(eak)m(ed)k(at)f |
| | 23560 | Fj(\034)507 2254 y Fk(0)565 2290 y Fn(\031)e Fw(1,)j(is)e(only)h(used)h |
| | 23561 | (for)f(e)1530 2254 y Fl(+)1589 2290 y Fw(e)1632 2254 |
| | 23562 | y Fk(\000)1728 2290 y Fw(collisions.)51 b(The)37 b(c)m(hoice)g(of)e |
| | 23563 | Fj(h)2857 2305 y Fh(\034)2896 2286 y Fd(0)2959 2290 y |
| | 23564 | Fw(is)h(roughly)f(matc)m(hed)0 2398 y(to)d(the)h(longitudinal)c |
| | 23565 | (gauge-b)s(oson)j(\015ux)i(factor,)e(whic)m(h)h(is)f(of)g(the)h(form) |
| | 23566 | 1194 2529 y Fg(\022)1256 2650 y Fw(1)21 b(+)1446 2583 |
| | 23567 | y Fj(\034)p 1434 2627 77 4 v 1434 2718 a(\034)1487 2690 |
| | 23568 | y Fk(0)1521 2529 y Fg(\023)1615 2650 y Fw(ln)1713 2529 |
| | 23569 | y Fg(\022)1796 2583 y Fj(\034)p 1784 2627 V 1784 2718 |
| | 23570 | a(\034)1837 2690 y Fk(0)1871 2529 y Fg(\023)1954 2650 |
| | 23571 | y Fn(\000)i Fw(2)2120 2529 y Fg(\022)2181 2650 y Fw(1)e |
| | 23572 | Fn(\000)2373 2583 y Fj(\034)p 2361 2627 V 2361 2718 a(\034)2414 |
| | 23573 | 2690 y Fk(0)2448 2529 y Fg(\023)2558 2650 y Fj(:)1021 |
| | 23574 | b Fw(\(90\))146 2902 y(F)-8 b(or)28 b(a)h(ligh)m(t)e(H)i(the)h |
| | 23575 | (e\013ectiv)m(e)g(W)g(appro)m(ximation)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(breaks)g(do)m |
| | 23576 | (wn,)g(and)f(it)f(is)h(necessary)i(to)0 3010 y(include)c(the)h(full)e |
| | 23577 | (structure)j(of)f(the)g(qq)1445 2974 y Fk(0)1497 3010 |
| | 23578 | y Fn(!)f Fw(qq)1726 2974 y Fk(0)1750 3010 y Fw(H)1823 |
| | 23579 | 2974 y Fl(0)1891 3010 y Fw(\(i.e.)41 b(ZZ)27 b(fusion\))g(and)h(qq)2847 |
| | 23580 | 2974 y Fk(0)2899 3010 y Fn(!)f Fw(q)3077 2974 y Fk(00)3120 |
| | 23581 | 3010 y Fw(q)3171 2974 y Fk(000)3233 3010 y Fw(H)3306 |
| | 23582 | 2974 y Fl(0)3373 3010 y Fw(\(i.e.)42 b(WW)0 3119 y(fusion\))21 |
| | 23583 | b(matrix)g(elemen)m(ts.)40 b(The)23 b Fj(\034)1295 3083 |
| | 23584 | y Fk(0)1319 3119 y Fw(,)h Fj(\034)33 b Fw(and)22 b Fj(y)j |
| | 23585 | Fw(v)-5 b(ariables)21 b(are)g(here)i(retained,)h(and)e(selected)h |
| | 23586 | (according)0 3227 y(to)32 b(standard)i(pro)s(cedures.)45 |
| | 23587 | b(The)34 b(Higgs)e(mass)g(is)h(represen)m(ted)i(b)m(y)f(the)f |
| | 23588 | Fj(\034)44 b Fw(c)m(hoice;)33 b(normally)e(the)i(H)3740 |
| | 23589 | 3191 y Fl(0)0 3335 y Fw(is)g(so)g(narro)m(w)h(that)e(the)i |
| | 23590 | Fj(\034)45 b Fw(distribution)31 b(e\013ectiv)m(ely)j(collapses)e(to)h |
| | 23591 | (a)g Fj(\016)k Fw(function.)45 b(In)33 b(addition,)f(the)0 |
| | 23592 | 3444 y(three-b)s(o)s(dy)h(\014nal-state)f(phase)h(space)h(is)e |
| | 23593 | (rewritten)h(as)0 3584 y Fg( )105 3622 y Fl(5)70 3647 |
| | 23594 | y Fg(Y)66 3829 y Fh(i)p Fl(=3)294 3663 y Fw(1)p 206 3707 |
| | 23595 | 223 4 v 206 3798 a(\(2)p Fj(\031)t Fw(\))390 3770 y Fl(3)449 |
| | 23596 | 3663 y Fw(d)503 3626 y Fl(3)543 3663 y Fj(p)592 3678 |
| | 23597 | y Fh(i)p 449 3707 171 4 v 460 3798 a Fw(2)p Fj(E)581 |
| | 23598 | 3813 y Fh(i)630 3584 y Fg(!)729 3730 y Fw(\(2)p Fj(\031)t |
| | 23599 | Fw(\))913 3689 y Fl(4)952 3730 y Fj(\016)999 3689 y Fl(\(4\))1093 |
| | 23600 | 3730 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)1180 3745 y Fl(3)1233 3730 y Fw(+)13 |
| | 23601 | b Fj(p)1371 3745 y Fl(4)1423 3730 y Fw(+)g Fj(p)1561 |
| | 23602 | 3745 y Fl(5)1613 3730 y Fn(\000)g Fj(p)1752 3745 y Fl(1)1805 |
| | 23603 | 3730 y Fn(\000)g Fj(p)1944 3745 y Fl(2)1983 3730 y Fw(\))28 |
| | 23604 | b(=)2250 3663 y(1)p 2163 3707 223 4 v 2163 3798 a(\(2)p |
| | 23605 | Fj(\031)t Fw(\))2347 3770 y Fl(5)2532 3663 y Fj(\031)2591 |
| | 23606 | 3626 y Fl(2)p 2422 3707 319 4 v 2422 3802 a Fw(4)2471 |
| | 23607 | 3725 y Fn(p)p 2554 3725 187 4 v 77 x Fj(\025)2611 3817 |
| | 23608 | y Fk(?)p Fl(34)2767 3730 y Fw(d)p Fj(p)2870 3689 y Fl(2)2870 |
| | 23609 | 3755 y Fk(?)p Fl(3)2991 3663 y Fw(d)p Fj(')3109 3678 |
| | 23610 | y Fl(3)p 2991 3707 158 4 v 3016 3798 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)3175 |
| | 23611 | 3730 y Fw(d)p Fj(p)3278 3689 y Fl(2)3278 3755 y Fk(?)p |
| | 23612 | Fl(4)3399 3663 y Fw(d)p Fj(')3517 3678 y Fl(4)p 3399 |
| | 23613 | 3707 V 3424 3798 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)3583 3730 y Fw(d)p |
| | 23614 | Fj(y)3685 3745 y Fl(5)3752 3730 y Fj(;)3606 3921 y Fw(\(91\))0 |
| | 23615 | 4029 y(where)f Fj(\025)332 4044 y Fk(?)p Fl(34)489 4029 |
| | 23616 | y Fw(=)h(\()p Fj(m)716 3993 y Fl(2)716 4054 y Fk(?)p |
| | 23617 | Fl(34)854 4029 y Fn(\000)8 b Fj(m)1024 3993 y Fl(2)1024 |
| | 23618 | 4054 y Fk(?)p Fl(3)1128 4029 y Fn(\000)g Fj(m)1298 3993 |
| | 23619 | y Fl(2)1298 4054 y Fk(?)p Fl(4)1393 4029 y Fw(\))1431 |
| | 23620 | 3993 y Fl(2)1479 4029 y Fn(\000)g Fw(4)p Fj(m)1698 3993 |
| | 23621 | y Fl(2)1698 4054 y Fk(?)p Fl(3)1793 4029 y Fj(m)1878 |
| | 23622 | 3993 y Fl(2)1878 4054 y Fk(?)p Fl(4)1973 4029 y Fw(.)41 |
| | 23623 | b(The)26 b(outgoing)f(quarks)i(are)f(lab)s(elled)d(3)j(and)g(4,)0 |
| | 23624 | 4137 y(and)g(the)g(outgoing)e(Higgs)h(5.)41 b(The)27 |
| | 23625 | b Fj(')f Fw(angles)f(are)h(selected)h(isotropically)-8 |
| | 23626 | b(,)24 b(while)h(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(transv)m(erse)0 4246 |
| | 23627 | y(momen)m(ta)37 b(are)h(pic)m(k)m(ed,)j(with)c(some)h(forekno)m(wledge) |
| | 23628 | h(of)f(the)g(shap)s(e)h(of)e(the)i(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z)f(propagators)f(in)0 |
| | 23629 | 4354 y(the)c(cross)h(sections,)f(according)f(to)g Fj(h)1413 |
| | 23630 | 4369 y Fk(?)1472 4354 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)1559 4318 y Fl(2)1559 |
| | 23631 | 4379 y Fk(?)1618 4354 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(p)1776 4318 |
| | 23632 | y Fl(2)1776 4379 y Fk(?)1835 4354 y Fw(,)33 b(where)889 |
| | 23633 | 4618 y Fj(h)945 4633 y Fk(?)1004 4618 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)1091 |
| | 23634 | 4577 y Fl(2)1091 4643 y Fk(?)1150 4618 y Fw(\))28 b(=)1335 |
| | 23635 | 4551 y Fj(c)1377 4566 y Fl(1)p 1329 4595 94 4 v 1329 |
| | 23636 | 4687 a Fn(I)1383 4702 y Fl(1)1455 4618 y Fw(+)1569 4551 |
| | 23637 | y Fj(c)1611 4566 y Fl(2)p 1563 4595 V 1563 4687 a Fn(I)1617 |
| | 23638 | 4702 y Fl(2)1854 4551 y Fw(1)p 1693 4595 372 4 v 1693 |
| | 23639 | 4687 a Fj(m)1778 4652 y Fl(2)1778 4711 y Fh(R)1858 4687 |
| | 23640 | y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)2005 4652 y Fl(2)2005 4712 y Fk(?)2096 |
| | 23641 | 4618 y Fw(+)2210 4551 y Fj(c)2252 4566 y Fl(3)p 2204 |
| | 23642 | 4595 94 4 v 2204 4687 a Fn(I)2258 4702 y Fl(3)2553 4551 |
| | 23643 | y Fw(1)p 2335 4595 487 4 v 2335 4687 a(\()p Fj(m)2458 |
| | 23644 | 4652 y Fl(2)2458 4711 y Fh(R)2538 4687 y Fw(+)g Fj(p)2685 |
| | 23645 | 4652 y Fl(2)2685 4712 y Fk(?)2744 4687 y Fw(\))2782 4658 |
| | 23646 | y Fl(2)2864 4618 y Fj(;)715 b Fw(\(92\))0 4889 y(with)35 |
| | 23647 | b Fj(m)310 4904 y Fh(R)403 4889 y Fw(the)h(W)h(or)e(Z)g(mass,)i(dep)s |
| | 23648 | (ending)e(on)g(pro)s(cess,)j(and)d Fj(c)2413 4904 y Fl(1)2485 |
| | 23649 | 4889 y Fw(=)e Fj(c)2636 4904 y Fl(2)2708 4889 y Fw(=)f(0)p |
| | 23650 | Fj(:)p Fw(05,)k Fj(c)3095 4904 y Fl(3)3167 4889 y Fw(=)c(0)p |
| | 23651 | Fj(:)p Fw(9.)52 b(Within)0 4997 y(the)31 b(limits)d(giv)m(en)j(b)m(y)h |
| | 23652 | (the)f(other)g(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(c)m(hoices,)j(the)f(rapidit)m(y)f |
| | 23653 | Fj(y)2541 5012 y Fl(5)2611 4997 y Fw(is)g(c)m(hosen)j(uniformly)-8 |
| | 23654 | b(.)40 b(A)31 b(\014nal)0 5106 y(c)m(hoice)45 b(remains)e(to)h(b)s(e)h |
| | 23655 | (made,)h(whic)m(h)f(comes)g(from)e(a)h(t)m(w)m(ofold)g(am)m(biguit)m(y) |
| | 23656 | e(of)i(exc)m(hanging)h(the)0 5214 y(longitudinal)28 b(momen)m(ta)j(of)h |
| | 23657 | (partons)g(3)f(and)h(4)g(\(with)g(minor)e(mo)s(di\014cations)g(if)g |
| | 23658 | (they)j(are)f(massiv)m(e\).)0 5322 y(Here)42 b(the)g(relativ)m(e)f(w)m |
| | 23659 | (eigh)m(t)h(can)f(b)s(e)h(obtained)f(exactly)h(from)e(the)i(form)e(of)h |
| | 23660 | (the)h(matrix)e(elemen)m(t)0 5431 y(itself.)146 5539 |
| | 23661 | y(No)h(go)s(o)s(d)e(phase-space)k(c)m(hoice)e(w)m(as)g(found)g(for)f |
| | 23662 | (the)h(pro)s(cess)h(gg)g Fn(!)f Fw(Z)2893 5503 y Fl(0)2932 |
| | 23663 | 5539 y Fw(b)p 2986 5460 55 4 v(b)q(.)67 b(This)41 b(pro)s(cess)h(is)0 |
| | 23664 | 5647 y(therefore)h(not)g(so)g(easy)g(to)f(generate)i(with)e |
| | 23665 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)74 b(What)42 b(is)h(curren)m(tly)g(done)g(is)f(to)g |
| | 23666 | (use)i(the)1817 5953 y(103)p eop |
| | 23667 | %%Page: 104 110 |
| | 23668 | 104 109 bop 0 -18 a Fw(basic)34 b(formalism)d(of)i(2)d |
| | 23669 | Fn(!)g Fw(2)k(pro)s(cesses,)j(where)e(the)g(b)23 b(+)p |
| | 23670 | 2185 -98 55 4 v 23 w(b)34 b(system)h(is)f(considered)h(as)f(an)g |
| | 23671 | (e\013ectiv)m(e)0 90 y(`resonance'.)44 b(Tw)m(o)30 b(masses)h(are)e |
| | 23672 | (then)h(selected,)h(the)f(Z)2062 54 y Fl(0)2131 90 y |
| | 23673 | Fw(one)f(according)g(to)g(eq.)i(\(88\))d(and)i(the)g(b)16 |
| | 23674 | b(+)p 3726 11 V 16 w(b)0 198 y(one)36 b(according)f(to)g(d)p |
| | 23675 | Fj(m)885 162 y Fl(2)925 198 y Fj(=m)1059 162 y Fl(2)1099 |
| | 23676 | 198 y Fw(.)53 b(Both)35 b(`deca)m(ys')j(are)e(selected)h(isotropically) |
| | 23677 | c(in)h(the)j(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)g(rest)0 307 y(frame,)g(to)f(giv)m(e)h |
| | 23678 | (the)g(\014nal)f(four)h(fermions)e(in)h(terms)h(of)f(whic)m(h)i(the)f |
| | 23679 | (matrix)e(elemen)m(t)i(is)f(giv)m(en.)56 b(In)0 415 y(addition,)31 |
| | 23680 | b Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)33 b Fj(y)j Fw(and)c Fj(z)38 b Fw(are)32 |
| | 23681 | b(selected)i(according)e(to)g(the)h(standard)g(rules)g(for)f(2)27 |
| | 23682 | b Fn(!)g Fw(2)33 b(pro)s(cesses.)0 689 y Fp(7.6)135 b(Resonance)46 |
| | 23683 | b(Deca)l(ys)0 861 y Fw(Resonances)40 b(can)e(b)s(e)g(made)g(to)g(deca)m |
| | 23684 | (y)h(in)e(t)m(w)m(o)i(di\013eren)m(t)f(routines.)60 b(One)39 |
| | 23685 | b(is)e(the)i(standard)f(deca)m(y)0 970 y(treatmen)m(t)23 |
| | 23686 | b(\(in)g Fq(LUDECY)p Fw(\))h(that)g(can)f(b)s(e)h(used)g(for)f(an)m(y)h |
| | 23687 | (unstable)f(particle,)h(where)h(deca)m(y)f(c)m(hannels)g(are)0 |
| | 23688 | 1078 y(c)m(hosen)36 b(according)d(to)h(\014xed)i(probabilities,)c(and)i |
| | 23689 | (deca)m(y)h(angles)f(usually)g(are)g(pic)m(k)m(ed)h(isotropically)0 |
| | 23690 | 1187 y(in)k(the)h(rest)g(frame)e(of)h(the)h(resonance,)j(see)d(section) |
| | 23691 | g(13.3.)63 b(The)41 b(more)d(sophisticated)i(treatmen)m(t)0 |
| | 23692 | 1295 y(\(in)30 b Fq(PYRESD)p Fw(\))i(is)e(the)h(default)f(one)h(for)g |
| | 23693 | (resonances)h(pro)s(duced)g(in)e Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)h(and)g(is)f(describ) |
| | 23694 | s(ed)i(here.)0 1403 y(The)k(follo)m(wing)c(are)j(included)g(in)f(the)i |
| | 23695 | (list)d(of)i(resonances:)50 b(Z)2327 1367 y Fl(0)2366 |
| | 23696 | 1403 y Fw(,)36 b(W)2530 1367 y Fk(\006)2589 1403 y Fw(,)g(H)2725 |
| | 23697 | 1367 y Fl(0)2765 1403 y Fw(,)f(Z)2887 1367 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2946 |
| | 23698 | 1403 y Fw(,)g(W)3109 1367 y Fk(0\006)3188 1403 y Fw(,)h(H)3324 |
| | 23699 | 1367 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)3382 1403 y Fw(,)g(A)3518 1367 y Fl(0)3558 |
| | 23700 | 1403 y Fw(,)f(H)3693 1367 y Fk(\006)3752 1403 y Fw(,)0 |
| | 23701 | 1512 y Fj(\021)52 1475 y Fl(0)48 1536 y(tec)n(h)180 1512 |
| | 23702 | y Fw(,)43 b(L)311 1527 y Fl(Q)370 1512 y Fw(,)g(and)e(R)710 |
| | 23703 | 1475 y Fl(0)749 1512 y Fw(.)69 b(The)42 b(top)f(is)f(also)g(considered) |
| | 23704 | i(as)f(a)g(resonance)h(if)e(it)g(is)h(assumed)g(to)g(deca)m(y)0 |
| | 23705 | 1620 y(b)s(efore)31 b(it)g(has)g(time)f(to)h(fragmen)m(t.)42 |
| | 23706 | b(Lik)m(ewise)32 b(for)f(the)g(fourth)g(generation)g(fermions.)42 |
| | 23707 | b(If)31 b(the)h(fourth)0 1728 y(generation)37 b(is)g(used)i(to)f |
| | 23708 | (represen)m(t)h(excited)g(quarks)g(and)f(leptons,)h(these)g(are)e(also) |
| | 23709 | g(considered)i(to)0 1837 y(b)s(e)33 b(resonances.)0 2084 |
| | 23710 | y Fo(7.6.1)112 b(The)38 b(deca)m(y)g(sc)m(heme)0 2257 |
| | 23711 | y Fw(In)h(the)h(b)s(eginning)e(of)g(the)i(deca)m(y)g(treatmen)m(t,)h |
| | 23712 | (either)e(one)g(or)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(resonances)h(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)i(presen)m |
| | 23713 | (t,)0 2365 y(the)g(former)f(represen)m(ted)j(b)m(y)e(pro)s(cesses)i |
| | 23714 | (suc)m(h)f(as)e(q)p 1994 2312 52 4 v(q)2046 2329 y Fk(0)2109 |
| | 23715 | 2365 y Fn(!)g Fw(W)2349 2329 y Fl(+)2448 2365 y Fw(and)h(qg)h |
| | 23716 | Fn(!)e Fw(W)3026 2329 y Fl(+)3086 2365 y Fw(q)3137 2329 |
| | 23717 | y Fk(0)3161 2365 y Fw(,)i(the)f(latter)f(b)m(y)0 2474 |
| | 23718 | y(q)p 51 2421 V(q)33 b Fn(!)f Fw(W)368 2438 y Fl(+)428 |
| | 23719 | 2474 y Fw(W)529 2438 y Fk(\000)589 2474 y Fw(.)51 b(If)35 |
| | 23720 | b(the)h(latter)e(is)h(the)h(case,)h(the)f(deca)m(y)g(of)f(the)h(t)m(w)m |
| | 23721 | (o)g(resonances)h(is)e(considered)h(in)0 2582 y(parallel)30 |
| | 23722 | b(\(unlik)m(e)i Fq(LUDECY)p Fw(,)i(where)g(one)f(particle)e(at)h(a)h |
| | 23723 | (time)e(is)h(made)g(to)g(deca)m(y\).)146 2690 y(First)e(the)h(deca)m(y) |
| | 23724 | h(c)m(hannel)g(of)e(eac)m(h)i(resonance)g(is)e(selected)i(according)e |
| | 23725 | (to)g(the)i(relativ)m(e)e(w)m(eigh)m(ts)0 2819 y Fj(H)89 |
| | 23726 | 2768 y Fl(\()p Fh(f)7 b Fl(\))81 2843 y Fh(R)189 2819 |
| | 23727 | y Fw(,)38 b(as)f(describ)s(ed)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(ev)-5 |
| | 23728 | b(aluated)37 b(at)f(the)h(actual)f(mass)h(of)f(the)i(resonance,)h |
| | 23729 | (rather)e(than)g(at)0 2927 y(the)d(nominal)d(one.)47 |
| | 23730 | b(Threshold)34 b(factors)f(are)h(therefore)g(fully)e(tak)m(en)j(in)m |
| | 23731 | (to)e(accoun)m(t,)h(with)g(c)m(hannels)0 3035 y(automatically)c(switc)m |
| | 23732 | (hed)36 b(o\013)d(b)s(elo)m(w)h(the)g(threshold.)48 b(Normally)31 |
| | 23733 | b(the)j(masses)h(of)f(the)g(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(d-)0 3144 |
| | 23734 | y(ucts)j(are)e(w)m(ell-de\014ned,)i(but)f(e.g.)57 b(in)36 |
| | 23735 | b(deca)m(ys)i(lik)m(e)e(H)2016 3108 y Fl(0)2090 3144 |
| | 23736 | y Fn(!)f Fw(W)2326 3108 y Fl(+)2385 3144 y Fw(W)2486 |
| | 23737 | 3108 y Fk(\000)2583 3144 y Fw(it)g(is)i(also)e(necessary)40 |
| | 23738 | b(to)c(select)0 3252 y(the)j(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(duct)e(masses.)62 |
| | 23739 | b(This)38 b(is)g(done)h(according)f(to)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(Breit{Wigners)e |
| | 23740 | (of)h(the)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(in)0 3360 y(eq.)33 b(\(80\),)f(m)m(ultiplied)e |
| | 23741 | (b)m(y)j(the)g(threshold)g(factor,)f(whic)m(h)h(dep)s(ends)i(on)d(b)s |
| | 23742 | (oth)g(masses.)146 3469 y(Next)46 b(the)e(deca)m(y)i(angles)e(of)g(the) |
| | 23743 | h(resonance)h(are)e(selected)h(isotropically)d(in)h(its)h(rest)h |
| | 23744 | (frame.)0 3577 y(Normally)38 b(the)j(full)e(range)h(of)g(deca)m(y)i |
| | 23745 | (angles)e(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)40 b(but)h(in)f(2)h |
| | 23746 | Fn(!)f Fw(1)h(pro)s(cesses)h(the)f(deca)m(y)0 3686 y(angles)25 |
| | 23747 | b(of)g(the)h(original)c(resonance)k(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(restrained)g(b)m |
| | 23748 | (y)g(user)g(cuts,)i(e.g.)41 b(on)25 b(the)h Fj(p)3192 |
| | 23749 | 3701 y Fk(?)3276 3686 y Fw(of)f(the)h(deca)m(y)0 3794 |
| | 23750 | y(pro)s(ducts.)48 b(Based)35 b(on)f(the)g(angles,)g(the)h(four-momen)m |
| | 23751 | (ta)d(of)h(the)i(deca)m(y)g(pro)s(ducts)g(are)f(constructed)0 |
| | 23752 | 3902 y(and)i(b)s(o)s(osted)h(to)f(the)h(correct)g(frame.)54 |
| | 23753 | b(As)37 b(a)f(rule,)h(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)h(are)h(giv)m(en)f(with)g |
| | 23754 | (quark)h(and)0 4011 y(lepton)e(masses)h(assumed)g(v)-5 |
| | 23755 | b(anishing.)51 b(Therefore)36 b(the)g(four-momen)m(tum)d(v)m(ectors)k |
| | 23756 | (constructed)g(at)0 4119 y(this)32 b(stage)h(are)g(actually)e(massless) |
| | 23757 | i(for)f(all)e(quarks)k(and)f(leptons.)146 4227 y(The)k(matrix)c(elemen) |
| | 23758 | m(ts)j(ma)m(y)f(no)m(w)h(b)s(e)g(ev)-5 b(aluated.)51 |
| | 23759 | b(F)-8 b(or)35 b(a)g(pro)s(cess)i(suc)m(h)f(as)g(q)p |
| | 23760 | 3110 4174 V(q)d Fn(!)f Fw(W)3427 4191 y Fl(+)3487 4227 |
| | 23761 | y Fw(W)3588 4191 y Fk(\000)3680 4227 y Fn(!)0 4336 y |
| | 23762 | Fw(e)43 4299 y Fl(+)102 4336 y Fj(\027)150 4351 y Fl(e)186 |
| | 23763 | 4336 y Fj(\026)245 4299 y Fk(\000)p 304 4283 55 4 v 304 |
| | 23764 | 4336 a Fj(\027)358 4351 y Fh(\026)405 4336 y Fw(,)47 |
| | 23765 | b(the)d(matrix)f(elemen)m(t)h(is)f(a)h(function)g(of)f(the)i |
| | 23766 | (four-momen)m(ta)d(of)i(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(incoming)0 |
| | 23767 | 4444 y(fermions)g(and)g(of)h(the)g(four)f(outgoing)f(ones.)84 |
| | 23768 | b(An)46 b(upp)s(er)g(limit)c(for)k(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(w)m(eigh)m(t)f |
| | 23769 | (can)g(b)s(e)0 4552 y(constructed)32 b(from)e(the)h(cross)h(section)f |
| | 23770 | (for)f(the)h(basic)f(pro)s(cess)i(q)p 2425 4499 52 4 |
| | 23771 | v(q)d Fn(!)e Fw(W)2733 4516 y Fl(+)2793 4552 y Fw(W)2894 |
| | 23772 | 4516 y Fk(\000)2954 4552 y Fw(,)k(as)g(already)f(used)i(to)0 |
| | 23773 | 4661 y(select)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(W)g(momen)m(ta.)42 |
| | 23774 | b(If)31 b(the)h(w)m(eigh)m(ting)g(fails,)e(new)i(resonance)h(deca)m(y)g |
| | 23775 | (angles)f(are)f(pic)m(k)m(ed)0 4769 y(and)i(the)g(pro)s(cedure)g(is)f |
| | 23776 | (iterated)g(un)m(til)g(acceptance.)146 4877 y(Based)e(on)g(the)g |
| | 23777 | (accepted)g(set)g(of)f(angles,)h(the)g(correct)g(deca)m(y)g(pro)s(duct) |
| | 23778 | g(four-momen)m(ta)d(are)j(con-)0 4986 y(structed,)k(including)d |
| | 23779 | (previously)i(neglected)h(fermion)d(masses.)45 b(Quarks)34 |
| | 23780 | b(and,)f(optionally)-8 b(,)30 b(leptons)0 5094 y(are)25 |
| | 23781 | b(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)f(radiate,)i(using)f(the)h(standard)f |
| | 23782 | (\014nal-state)g(sho)m(w)m(ering)g(mac)m(hinery)-8 b(,)27 |
| | 23783 | b(with)e(maxim)m(um)0 5202 y(virtualit)m(y)31 b(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)g(the) |
| | 23784 | g(resonance)h(mass.)146 5311 y(In)28 b(some)g(deca)m(ys)h(new)g |
| | 23785 | (resonances)g(are)f(pro)s(duced,)h(and)f(these)h(are)f(then)g |
| | 23786 | (subsequen)m(tly)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)0 5419 y(to)e(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 23787 | b(.)44 b(Only)28 b(one)i(resonance)g(pair)d(is)i(considered)h(at)e(a)h |
| | 23788 | (time,)f(i.e.)42 b(it)27 b(is)i(not)f(p)s(ossible)h(to)f(include)0 |
| | 23789 | 5527 y(correlations)h(whic)m(h)j(in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)f(the)g(sim)m |
| | 23790 | (ultaneous)e(deca)m(y)k(of)d(three)h(or)f(more)g(resonances.)45 |
| | 23791 | b(This)31 b(is)f(in)0 5636 y(fact)g(all)f(that)h(is)g(curren)m(tly)i |
| | 23792 | (needed:)44 b(in)30 b(a)g(pro)s(cess)i(lik)m(e)d(q)p |
| | 23793 | 2163 5583 V(q)g Fn(!)e Fw(Z)2430 5600 y Fl(0)2469 5636 |
| | 23794 | y Fw(H)2542 5600 y Fl(0)2610 5636 y Fn(!)g Fw(Z)2797 |
| | 23795 | 5600 y Fl(0)2836 5636 y Fw(W)2937 5600 y Fl(+)2997 5636 |
| | 23796 | y Fw(W)3098 5600 y Fk(\000)3185 5636 y Fn(!)g Fw(6)j(fermions,)1817 |
| | 23797 | 5953 y(104)p eop |
| | 23798 | %%Page: 105 111 |
| | 23799 | 105 110 bop 0 -18 a Fw(the)33 b(spinless)f(nature)h(of)e(the)i(H)1181 |
| | 23800 | -55 y Fl(0)1253 -18 y Fw(ensures)h(that)e(the)g(W)2074 |
| | 23801 | -55 y Fk(\006)2166 -18 y Fw(deca)m(ys)i(are)f(decoupled)f(from)f(that)h |
| | 23802 | (of)g(the)0 90 y(Z)60 54 y Fl(0)132 90 y Fw(\(but)g(not)h(from)e(eac)m |
| | 23803 | (h)j(other\).)0 338 y Fo(7.6.2)112 b(Cross-section)38 |
| | 23804 | b(considerations)0 510 y Fw(The)30 b(cross)g(section)g(for)f(a)g(pro)s |
| | 23805 | (cess)h(whic)m(h)g(in)m(v)m(olv)m(es)g(the)g(pro)s(duction)e(of)h(one)h |
| | 23806 | (or)f(sev)m(eral)h(resonances)0 619 y(is)j(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(reduced)g(to) |
| | 23807 | f(tak)m(e)h(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t)i(c)m(hannels)f(not)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f |
| | 23808 | (b)m(y)i(user)g(\015ags.)48 b(This)34 b(is)f(trivial)0 |
| | 23809 | 727 y(for)j(a)g(single)g Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)g(resonance,)j(cf.)56 |
| | 23810 | b(eq.)37 b(\(77\),)g(but)g(can)g(also)e(b)s(e)i(included)f(appro)m |
| | 23811 | (ximately)g(if)0 835 y(sev)m(eral)j(la)m(y)m(ers)h(of)e(resonance)i |
| | 23812 | (deca)m(ys)g(are)f(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed.)62 b(A)m(t)39 b(initialization,)c |
| | 23813 | (the)k(ratio)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(the)0 944 y(user-allo)m(w)m(ed)31 |
| | 23814 | b(width)h(and)f(the)h(nominally)d(p)s(ossible)i(one)h(is)f(ev)-5 |
| | 23815 | b(aluated)31 b(and)h(stored,)g(starting)f(from)0 1052 |
| | 23816 | y(the)f(ligh)m(test)e(resonances)j(and)e(mo)m(ving)f(up)m(w)m(ards.)44 |
| | 23817 | b(As)30 b(an)f(example,)g(one)g(\014rst)h(\014nds)g(the)f(reduction)0 |
| | 23818 | 1160 y(factors)34 b(for)f(W)570 1124 y Fl(+)663 1160 |
| | 23819 | y Fw(and)h(for)f(W)1105 1124 y Fk(\000)1198 1160 y Fw(deca)m(ys,)j |
| | 23820 | (whic)m(h)e(need)h(not)f(b)s(e)f(the)h(same)g(if)e(e.g.)47 |
| | 23821 | b(W)3152 1124 y Fl(+)3246 1160 y Fw(is)33 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)0 |
| | 23822 | 1269 y(deca)m(y)38 b(only)d(to)h(quarks)i(and)e(W)1228 |
| | 23823 | 1233 y Fk(\000)1323 1269 y Fw(only)g(to)g(leptons.)54 |
| | 23824 | b(These)38 b(factors)e(en)m(ter)i(together)e(as)g(a)g(w)m(eigh)m(t)0 |
| | 23825 | 1377 y(for)31 b(the)h(H)388 1341 y Fl(0)455 1377 y Fn(!)c |
| | 23826 | Fw(W)684 1341 y Fl(+)743 1377 y Fw(W)844 1341 y Fk(\000)936 |
| | 23827 | 1377 y Fw(c)m(hannel,)k(whic)m(h)g(is)f(th)m(us)i(reduced)g(in)e(imp)s |
| | 23828 | (ortance)g(compared)g(with)g(other)0 1485 y(p)s(ossible)h(Higgs)h(deca) |
| | 23829 | m(y)h(c)m(hannels.)47 b(This)33 b(is)g(also)f(re\015ected)j(in)d(the)i |
| | 23830 | (w)m(eigh)m(t)f(factor)g(of)f(the)i(H)3476 1449 y Fl(0)3549 |
| | 23831 | 1485 y Fw(itself,)0 1594 y(where)e(some)e(c)m(hannels)h(are)f(op)s(en)h |
| | 23832 | (in)e(full,)g(others)i(completely)f(closed,)h(and)f(\014nally)f(some)h |
| | 23833 | (\(lik)m(e)g(the)0 1702 y(one)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e\))g(op)s(en)f(but)h |
| | 23834 | (with)f(reduced)i(w)m(eigh)m(t.)43 b(Finally)-8 b(,)29 |
| | 23835 | b(the)j(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(for)f(the)g(pro)s(cess)i(q)p 3361 |
| | 23836 | 1649 52 4 v(q)c Fn(!)e Fw(Z)3628 1666 y Fl(0)3667 1702 |
| | 23837 | y Fw(H)3740 1666 y Fl(0)0 1810 y Fw(is)35 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)36 |
| | 23838 | b(as)g(the)g(pro)s(duct)g(of)g(the)g(Z)1550 1774 y Fl(0)1625 |
| | 23839 | 1810 y Fw(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(factor)f(and)h(the)h(H)2657 |
| | 23840 | 1774 y Fl(0)2732 1810 y Fw(one.)53 b(The)37 b(standard)g(cross)0 |
| | 23841 | 1919 y(section)c(of)f(the)h(pro)s(cess)h(is)e(m)m(ultiplied)d(with)j |
| | 23842 | (this)g(w)m(eigh)m(t.)146 2027 y(Since)k(the)g(restriction)f(on)g(allo) |
| | 23843 | m(w)m(ed)g(deca)m(y)i(mo)s(des)f(is)f(already)g(included)h(in)e(the)j |
| | 23844 | (hard)e(pro)s(cess)0 2135 y(cross)23 b(section,)h(mixing)c(of)i |
| | 23845 | (di\013eren)m(t)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(t)m(yp)s(es)g(is)d(greatly)h |
| | 23846 | (simpli\014ed,)g(and)g(the)h(selection)e(of)h(deca)m(y)0 |
| | 23847 | 2244 y(c)m(hannel)39 b(c)m(hains)f(is)g(straigh)m(tforw)m(ard.)60 |
| | 23848 | b(There)39 b(is)f(a)g(price)g(to)g(b)s(e)h(paid,)f(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)63 |
| | 23849 | b(The)39 b(reduction)0 2352 y(factors)k(ev)-5 b(aluated)43 |
| | 23850 | b(at)f(initialization)c(all)j(refer)i(to)g(resonances)i(at)e(their)f |
| | 23851 | (nominal)f(masses.)75 b(F)-8 b(or)0 2460 y(instance,)42 |
| | 23852 | b(the)e(W)i(reduction)e(factor)f(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)40 |
| | 23853 | b(at)g(the)g(nominal)d(W)k(mass,)h(ev)m(en)g(when)f(that)0 |
| | 23854 | 2569 y(factor)29 b(is)g(used,)i(later)d(on,)i(in)e(the)i(description)f |
| | 23855 | (of)g(the)g(deca)m(y)i(of)e(a)g(120)f(GeV)h(Higgs,)h(where)g(at)f |
| | 23856 | (least)0 2677 y(one)e(W)h(w)m(ould)e(b)s(e)h(pro)s(duced)h(b)s(elo)m(w) |
| | 23857 | e(this)g(mass.)42 b(W)-8 b(e)27 b(kno)m(w)h(of)e(no)g(case)i(where)f |
| | 23858 | (this)g(appro)m(ximation)0 2785 y(has)33 b(an)m(y)g(serious)g |
| | 23859 | (consequences,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)146 2894 y(The)44 |
| | 23860 | b(w)m(eigh)m(ting)f(pro)s(cedure)g(w)m(orks)i(b)s(ecause)f(the)f(n)m |
| | 23861 | (um)m(b)s(er)h(of)e(resonances)j(to)d(b)s(e)i(pro)s(duced,)0 |
| | 23862 | 3002 y(directly)c(or)h(in)f(subsequen)m(t)45 b(deca)m(ys,)g(can)c(b)s |
| | 23863 | (e)g(deriv)m(ed)h(recursiv)m(ely)g(already)f(from)f(the)h(start.)69 |
| | 23864 | b(It)0 3111 y(do)s(es)45 b(not)f(w)m(ork)h(for)e(particles)h(whic)m(h)h |
| | 23865 | (could)e(also)h(b)s(e)g(pro)s(duced)h(at)f(later)f(stages,)48 |
| | 23866 | b(suc)m(h)e(as)e(the)0 3219 y(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)27 |
| | 23867 | b(ev)m(olution)d(and)i(the)g(fragmen)m(tation.)39 b(F)-8 |
| | 23868 | b(or)25 b(instance,)i(D)2695 3183 y Fl(0)2759 3219 y |
| | 23869 | Fw(mesons)f(can)g(b)s(e)g(pro)s(duced)0 3327 y(fairly)32 |
| | 23870 | b(late)i(in)f(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generation)e(c)m(hain,)h(in)e(unkno)m |
| | 23871 | (wn)j(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers,)g(and)e(so)h(w)m(eigh)m(ts)g(could)f(not)0 |
| | 23872 | 3436 y(b)s(e)h(in)m(tro)s(duced)g(to)f(comp)s(ensate,)h(e.g.)50 |
| | 23873 | b(for)34 b(the)h(forcing)e(of)h(deca)m(ys)j(only)d(in)m(to)g |
| | 23874 | Fj(\031)3045 3399 y Fl(+)3104 3436 y Fw(K)3180 3399 y |
| | 23875 | Fk(\000)3239 3436 y Fw(.)49 b(F)-8 b(or)34 b(similar)0 |
| | 23876 | 3544 y(reasons)42 b(the)f(top)g(is)g(only)f(considered)i(as)f(a)g |
| | 23877 | (resonance)h(if)e(it)g(is)h(not)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(to)f(hadronize;)45 |
| | 23878 | b(see)0 3652 y(discussion)33 b(in)f(section)g(8.2.2.)146 |
| | 23879 | 3761 y(One)46 b(should)e(note)h(that)g(this)f(reduction)h(factor)g(is)f |
| | 23880 | (separate)h(from)f(the)h(description)g(of)f(the)0 3869 |
| | 23881 | y(resonance)35 b(shap)s(e)g(itself,)e(where)i(the)f(full)e(width)i(of)f |
| | 23882 | (the)i(resonance)g(has)f(to)g(b)s(e)g(used.)49 b(This)34 |
| | 23883 | b(width)0 3977 y(is)k(based)i(on)f(the)g(sum)g(of)g(all)d(p)s(ossible)j |
| | 23884 | (deca)m(y)h(mo)s(des,)g(not)f(just)g(the)h(sim)m(ulated)d(ones.)63 |
| | 23885 | b Fm(Pythia)0 4086 y Fw(do)s(es)35 b(allo)m(w)e(the)j(p)s(ossibilit)m |
| | 23886 | (y)c(to)j(c)m(hange)g(also)f(the)h(underlying)g(ph)m(ysics)h(scenario,) |
| | 23887 | f(e.g.)51 b(to)34 b(include)0 4194 y(the)f(deca)m(y)h(of)e(a)g(Z)691 |
| | 23888 | 4158 y Fl(0)763 4194 y Fw(in)m(to)g(a)g(fourth-generation)f(neutrino.) |
| | 23889 | 146 4302 y(Normally)45 b(the)j(ev)-5 b(aluation)45 b(of)i(the)h |
| | 23890 | (reduction)f(factors)g(is)g(straigh)m(tforw)m(ard.)87 |
| | 23891 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)53 b(for)0 4411 y(deca)m(ys)35 b(in)m(to)e(a)g |
| | 23892 | (pair)f(of)h(equal)g(or)g(c)m(harge-conjugate)g(resonances,)j(suc)m(h)e |
| | 23893 | (as)g(Z)2943 4374 y Fl(0)2982 4411 y Fw(Z)3042 4374 y |
| | 23894 | Fl(0)3114 4411 y Fw(or)f(W)3335 4374 y Fl(+)3395 4411 |
| | 23895 | y Fw(W)3496 4374 y Fk(\000)3555 4411 y Fw(,)h(it)e(is)0 |
| | 23896 | 4519 y(p)s(ossible)d(to)h(pic)m(k)g(com)m(binations)f(in)g(suc)m(h)i(a) |
| | 23897 | f(w)m(a)m(y)h(that)f(the)h(w)m(eigh)m(t)f(of)f(the)i(pair)e(do)s(es)h |
| | 23898 | (not)g(factorize)0 4627 y(in)m(to)37 b(a)h(pro)s(duct)h(of)e(the)i(w)m |
| | 23899 | (eigh)m(t)f(of)g(eac)m(h)h(resonance)g(itself.)59 b(T)-8 |
| | 23900 | b(o)38 b(b)s(e)g(precise,)j(an)m(y)e(deca)m(y)g(c)m(hannel)0 |
| | 23901 | 4736 y(can)33 b(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en)f(sev)m(en)j(di\013eren)m(t)e(status)g |
| | 23902 | (co)s(des:)145 4849 y Fn(\017)49 b(\000)p Fw(1:)44 b(a)32 |
| | 23903 | b(non-existen)m(t)h(deca)m(y)h(mo)s(de,)e(completely)g(switc)m(hed)h |
| | 23904 | (o\013)g(and)f(of)g(no)h(concern)h(to)e(us;)145 4967 |
| | 23905 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(0:)43 b(an)33 b(existing)f(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannel,)h |
| | 23906 | (whic)m(h)f(is)f(switc)m(hed)i(o\013;)145 5084 y Fn(\017)49 |
| | 23907 | b Fw(1:)43 b(a)32 b(c)m(hannel)h(whic)m(h)g(is)g(switc)m(hed)g(on;)145 |
| | 23908 | 5202 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(2:)43 b(a)32 b(c)m(hannel)h(switc)m(hed)h(on)f |
| | 23909 | (for)f(particles,)g(but)g(o\013)h(for)f(an)m(tiparticles;)145 |
| | 23910 | 5320 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(3:)43 b(a)32 b(c)m(hannel)h(switc)m(hed)h(on)f |
| | 23911 | (for)f(an)m(tiparticles,)f(but)i(o\013)f(for)g(particles;)145 |
| | 23912 | 5438 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(4:)43 b(a)32 b(c)m(hannel)h(switc)m(hed)h(on)f |
| | 23913 | (for)f(one)h(of)f(the)h(resonances,)h(but)f(not)f(for)h(b)s(oth;)145 |
| | 23914 | 5555 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(5:)43 b(a)32 b(c)m(hannel)h(switc)m(hed)h(on)f |
| | 23915 | (for)f(the)h(other)f(of)h(the)g(resonances,)h(but)f(not)f(for)g(b)s |
| | 23916 | (oth.)1817 5953 y(105)p eop |
| | 23917 | %%Page: 106 112 |
| | 23918 | 106 111 bop 0 -18 a Fw(The)38 b(meaning)d(of)h(p)s(ossibilities)e(4)j |
| | 23919 | (and)g(5)f(is)g(exempli\014ed)h(b)m(y)g(the)h(statemen)m(t)f(`in)f(a)g |
| | 23920 | (W)3327 -55 y Fl(+)3387 -18 y Fw(W)3488 -55 y Fk(\000)3584 |
| | 23921 | -18 y Fw(pair,)0 90 y(one)30 b(W)i(deca)m(ys)f(hadronically)d(and)i |
| | 23922 | (the)g(other)g(leptonically',)f(whic)m(h)h(th)m(us)h(co)m(v)m(ers)h |
| | 23923 | (the)e(cases)h(where)0 198 y(either)h(W)377 162 y Fl(+)470 |
| | 23924 | 198 y Fw(or)g(W)690 162 y Fk(\000)782 198 y Fw(deca)m(ys)i |
| | 23925 | (hadronically)-8 b(.)146 307 y(Neglecting)32 b(non-existing)g(c)m |
| | 23926 | (hannels,)i(eac)m(h)f(c)m(hannel)g(b)s(elongs)g(to)f(either)g(of)h(the) |
| | 23927 | g(classes)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)0 415 y(If)i(w)m(e)h(denote)g(the)g(total)d |
| | 23928 | (branc)m(hing)i(ratio)f(in)m(to)g(c)m(hannels)i(of)f(t)m(yp)s(e)h |
| | 23929 | Fj(i)f Fw(b)m(y)h Fj(r)2855 430 y Fh(i)2883 415 y Fw(,)g(this)f(then)h |
| | 23930 | (translates)0 523 y(in)m(to)29 b(the)h(requiremen)m(t)g |
| | 23931 | Fj(r)943 538 y Fl(0)999 523 y Fw(+)16 b Fj(r)1135 538 |
| | 23932 | y Fl(1)1191 523 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)1327 538 y Fl(2)1383 523 |
| | 23933 | y Fw(+)g Fj(r)1519 538 y Fl(3)1576 523 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)1712 |
| | 23934 | 538 y Fl(4)1768 523 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)1904 538 y Fl(5)1971 |
| | 23935 | 523 y Fw(=)28 b(1.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)29 b(a)g(single)g(particle)g(the)h(w) |
| | 23936 | m(eigh)m(t)g(factor)0 632 y(is)f Fj(r)139 647 y Fl(1)195 |
| | 23937 | 632 y Fw(+)17 b Fj(r)332 647 y Fl(2)388 632 y Fw(+)g |
| | 23938 | Fj(r)525 647 y Fl(4)564 632 y Fw(,)30 b(and)g(for)f(a)h(single)f(an)m |
| | 23939 | (tiparticle)f Fj(r)1861 647 y Fl(1)1917 632 y Fw(+)17 |
| | 23940 | b Fj(r)2054 647 y Fl(3)2109 632 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)2246 647 |
| | 23941 | y Fl(4)2285 632 y Fw(.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)29 b(a)g(pair)g(of)g(iden)m |
| | 23942 | (tical)g(resonances,)0 740 y(the)k(join)m(t)f(w)m(eigh)m(t)h(is)f |
| | 23943 | (instead)1044 948 y(\()p Fj(r)1126 963 y Fl(1)1187 948 |
| | 23944 | y Fw(+)22 b Fj(r)1329 963 y Fl(2)1369 948 y Fw(\))1407 |
| | 23945 | 907 y Fl(2)1468 948 y Fw(+)g(2\()p Fj(r)1697 963 y Fl(1)1758 |
| | 23946 | 948 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)1900 963 y Fl(2)1940 948 y Fw(\)\()p |
| | 23947 | Fj(r)2060 963 y Fl(4)2121 948 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)2263 963 |
| | 23948 | y Fl(5)2303 948 y Fw(\))g(+)g(2)p Fj(r)2554 963 y Fl(4)2593 |
| | 23949 | 948 y Fj(r)2637 963 y Fl(5)2709 948 y Fj(;)870 b Fw(\(93\))0 |
| | 23950 | 1156 y(and)33 b(for)f(a)g(resonance{an)m(tiresonance)i(pair)780 |
| | 23951 | 1364 y(\()p Fj(r)862 1379 y Fl(1)924 1364 y Fw(+)22 b |
| | 23952 | Fj(r)1066 1379 y Fl(2)1105 1364 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(r)1225 |
| | 23953 | 1379 y Fl(1)1287 1364 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)1429 1379 y Fl(3)1468 |
| | 23954 | 1364 y Fw(\))g(+)g(\(2)p Fj(r)1757 1379 y Fl(1)1818 1364 |
| | 23955 | y Fw(+)g Fj(r)1960 1379 y Fl(2)2022 1364 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)2164 |
| | 23956 | 1379 y Fl(3)2203 1364 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(r)2323 1379 y Fl(4)2385 |
| | 23957 | 1364 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)2527 1379 y Fl(5)2566 1364 y Fw(\))g(+)g(2)p |
| | 23958 | Fj(r)2817 1379 y Fl(4)2856 1364 y Fj(r)2900 1379 y Fl(5)2972 |
| | 23959 | 1364 y Fj(:)607 b Fw(\(94\))0 1572 y(If)30 b(some)g(c)m(hannels)h(come) |
| | 23960 | f(with)g(a)g(reduced)h(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(b)s(ecause)g(of)f(restrictions)g |
| | 23961 | (on)g(subsequen)m(t)j(deca)m(y)0 1680 y(c)m(hains,)d(this)e(ma)m(y)g(b) |
| | 23962 | s(e)g(describ)s(ed)i(in)d(terms)i(of)f(prop)s(erly)g(reduced)h |
| | 23963 | Fj(r)2541 1695 y Fh(i)2570 1680 y Fw(,)g(so)f(that)h(the)f(sum)h(is)f |
| | 23964 | (less)g(than)0 1788 y(unit)m(y)-8 b(.)47 b(F)-8 b(or)33 |
| | 23965 | b(instance,)h(in)f(a)h(t)p 1108 1717 38 4 v(t)29 b Fn(!)g |
| | 23966 | Fw(bW)1459 1752 y Fl(+)p 1536 1709 55 4 v 1536 1788 a |
| | 23967 | Fw(bW)1691 1752 y Fk(\000)1784 1788 y Fw(pro)s(cess,)36 |
| | 23968 | b(the)e(W)h(deca)m(y)g(mo)s(des)f(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(restricted)0 |
| | 23969 | 1897 y(to)28 b(W)216 1861 y Fl(+)303 1897 y Fn(!)g Fw(q)p |
| | 23970 | 482 1844 52 4 v(q)h(and)g(W)849 1861 y Fk(\000)936 1897 |
| | 23971 | y Fn(!)e Fw(e)1106 1861 y Fk(\000)1171 1897 y Fw(\026)-54 |
| | 23972 | b Fj(\027)1214 1912 y Fl(e)1249 1897 y Fw(,)30 b(in)d(whic)m(h)i(case)g |
| | 23973 | (\()1930 1830 y Fg(P)2035 1897 y Fj(r)2079 1912 y Fh(i)2107 |
| | 23974 | 1897 y Fw(\))2145 1912 y Fl(t)2204 1897 y Fn(\031)f Fw(2)p |
| | 23975 | Fj(=)p Fw(3)g(and)g(\()2707 1830 y Fg(P)2811 1897 y Fj(r)2855 |
| | 23976 | 1912 y Fh(i)2884 1897 y Fw(\))p 2922 1869 32 4 v 23 x |
| | 23977 | Fl(t)2981 1897 y Fn(\031)g Fw(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(9.)41 b(With)28 |
| | 23978 | b(index)0 2005 y Fn(\006)33 b Fw(denoting)f(resonance/an)m |
| | 23979 | (tiresonance,)j(eq.)e(\(94\))f(then)h(generalizes)f(to)56 |
| | 23980 | 2213 y(\()p Fj(r)138 2228 y Fl(1)199 2213 y Fw(+)22 b |
| | 23981 | Fj(r)341 2228 y Fl(2)381 2213 y Fw(\))419 2172 y Fl(+)478 |
| | 23982 | 2213 y Fw(\()p Fj(r)560 2228 y Fl(1)621 2213 y Fw(+)g |
| | 23983 | Fj(r)763 2228 y Fl(3)803 2213 y Fw(\))841 2172 y Fk(\000)922 |
| | 23984 | 2213 y Fw(+)g(\()p Fj(r)1102 2228 y Fl(1)1163 2213 y |
| | 23985 | Fw(+)g Fj(r)1305 2228 y Fl(2)1345 2213 y Fw(\))1383 2172 |
| | 23986 | y Fl(+)1442 2213 y Fw(\()p Fj(r)1524 2228 y Fl(4)1585 |
| | 23987 | 2213 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)1727 2228 y Fl(5)1767 2213 y Fw(\))1805 |
| | 23988 | 2172 y Fk(\000)1886 2213 y Fw(+)g(\()p Fj(r)2066 2228 |
| | 23989 | y Fl(4)2127 2213 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)2269 2228 y Fl(5)2309 |
| | 23990 | 2213 y Fw(\))2347 2172 y Fl(+)2406 2213 y Fw(\()p Fj(r)2488 |
| | 23991 | 2228 y Fl(1)2549 2213 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)2691 2228 y Fl(3)2730 |
| | 23992 | 2213 y Fw(\))2768 2172 y Fk(\000)2850 2213 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)2995 |
| | 23993 | 2172 y Fl(+)2992 2238 y(4)3053 2213 y Fj(r)3100 2172 |
| | 23994 | y Fk(\000)3097 2238 y Fl(5)3181 2213 y Fw(+)g Fj(r)3326 |
| | 23995 | 2172 y Fl(+)3323 2238 y(5)3385 2213 y Fj(r)3432 2172 |
| | 23996 | y Fk(\000)3429 2238 y Fl(4)3523 2213 y Fj(:)56 b Fw(\(95\))0 |
| | 23997 | 2487 y Fp(7.7)135 b(Nonp)t(erturbativ)l(e)46 b(Pro)t(cesses)0 |
| | 23998 | 2660 y Fw(A)31 b(few)h(pro)s(cesses)h(are)e(not)f(co)m(v)m(ered)j(b)m |
| | 23999 | (y)f(the)g(discussion)f(so)g(far.)43 b(These)32 b(are)f(the)h(ones)g |
| | 24000 | (that)e(dep)s(end)0 2768 y(on)f(the)g(details)e(of)h(hadronic)g(w)m(a)m |
| | 24001 | (v)m(e)j(functions,)e(and)g(therefore)g(are)g(not)f(strictly)g |
| | 24002 | (calculable)f(p)s(ertur-)0 2876 y(bativ)m(ely)g(\(although)f(p)s |
| | 24003 | (erturbation)g(theory)i(ma)m(y)f(often)g(pro)m(vide)h(some)f |
| | 24004 | (guidance\).)42 b(What)27 b(w)m(e)h(ha)m(v)m(e)0 2985 |
| | 24005 | y(primarily)34 b(in)i(mind)f(is)h(elastic)g(scattering,)i(di\013ractiv) |
| | 24006 | m(e)e(scattering)h(and)g(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)3026 3000 y Fk(?)3121 |
| | 24007 | 2985 y Fw(`minim)m(um-bias')0 3093 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(in)d(hadron{hadron) |
| | 24008 | h(collisions,)f(but)h(one)g(can)g(also)f(\014nd)h(corresp)s(onding)g |
| | 24009 | (pro)s(cesses)i(in)d Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)0 3201 y(and)41 |
| | 24010 | b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)45 b Fw(in)m(teractions.)67 b(The)41 |
| | 24011 | b(description)f(of)g(these)i(pro)s(cesses)g(is)e(rather)h(di\013eren)m |
| | 24012 | (tly)f(structured)0 3310 y(from)h(that)h(of)g(the)h(other)g(ones,)j(as) |
| | 24013 | c(is)g(explained)g(b)s(elo)m(w.)73 b(Mo)s(dels)43 b(for)f(`minim)m |
| | 24014 | (um-bias')c(ev)m(en)m(ts)0 3418 y(are)i(discussed)i(in)d(detail)f(in)h |
| | 24015 | (section)h(11.2,)h(to)f(whic)m(h)g(w)m(e)h(refer)f(for)g(details)f(on)g |
| | 24016 | (this)h(part)g(of)f(the)0 3526 y(program.)0 3774 y Fo(7.7.1)112 |
| | 24017 | b(Hadron{hadron)39 b(in)m(teractions)0 3947 y Fw(In)29 |
| | 24018 | b(hadron{hadron)g(in)m(teractions,)g(the)h(total)d(hadronic)i(cross)h |
| | 24019 | (section)f(for)g Fj(AB)k Fn(!)28 b Fw(an)m(ything,)i |
| | 24020 | Fj(\033)3639 3911 y Fh(AB)3635 3972 y Fl(tot)3752 3947 |
| | 24021 | y Fw(,)0 4055 y(is)46 b(calculated)f(using)i(the)f(parametrization)e |
| | 24022 | (of)i(Donnac)m(hie)g(and)h(Landsho\013)g([Don92)o(].)85 |
| | 24023 | b(In)47 b(this)0 4164 y(approac)m(h,)39 b(eac)m(h)g(cross)g(section)e |
| | 24024 | (app)s(ears)h(as)g(the)g(sum)g(of)f(one)h(p)s(omeron)f(term)g(and)g |
| | 24025 | (one)h(reggeon)0 4272 y(one)1263 4380 y Fj(\033)1322 |
| | 24026 | 4339 y Fh(AB)1318 4405 y Fl(tot)1435 4380 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p |
| | 24027 | Fw(\))28 b(=)f Fj(X)1777 4339 y Fh(AB)1907 4380 y Fj(s)1953 |
| | 24028 | 4339 y Fh(\017)2008 4380 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(Y)2184 4339 y |
| | 24029 | Fh(AB)2314 4380 y Fj(s)2360 4339 y Fk(\000)p Fh(\021)2490 |
| | 24030 | 4380 y Fj(;)1089 b Fw(\(96\))0 4543 y(where)42 b Fj(s)f |
| | 24031 | Fw(=)f Fj(E)571 4506 y Fl(2)565 4567 y(cm)660 4543 y |
| | 24032 | Fw(.)67 b(The)41 b(p)s(o)m(w)m(ers)h Fj(\017)g Fw(=)e(0)p |
| | 24033 | Fj(:)p Fw(0808)g(and)g Fj(\021)45 b Fw(=)c(0)p Fj(:)p |
| | 24034 | Fw(4525)e(are)i(exp)s(ected)h(to)e(b)s(e)h(univ)m(ersal,)0 |
| | 24035 | 4651 y(whereas)30 b(the)e(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)h Fj(X)1106 |
| | 24036 | 4615 y Fh(AB)1248 4651 y Fw(and)f Fj(Y)1511 4615 y Fh(AB)1653 |
| | 24037 | 4651 y Fw(are)g(sp)s(eci\014c)h(to)e(eac)m(h)i(initial)c(state.)42 |
| | 24038 | b(\(In)28 b(fact,)h(the)g(high-)0 4759 y(energy)k(b)s(eha)m(viour)f |
| | 24039 | (giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(the)g(p)s(omeron)e(term)h(is)f(exp)s(ected)j(to)e |
| | 24040 | (b)s(e)h(the)f(same)g(for)g(particle)e(and)0 4885 y(an)m(tiparticle)38 |
| | 24041 | b(in)m(teractions,)k(i.e.)65 b Fj(X)p 1370 4794 53 4 |
| | 24042 | v 1370 4849 a Fh(AB)1524 4885 y Fw(=)41 b Fj(X)1730 4849 |
| | 24043 | y Fh(AB)1843 4885 y Fw(.\))66 b(P)m(arametrizations)38 |
| | 24044 | b(not)i(pro)m(vided)h(in)e([Don92)o(])0 4993 y(ha)m(v)m(e)34 |
| | 24045 | b(b)s(een)f(calculated)f(in)g(the)h(same)f(spirit,)f(making)h(use)h(of) |
| | 24046 | f(quark)i(coun)m(ting)e(rules)h([Sc)m(h93a].)146 5102 |
| | 24047 | y(The)h(total)d(cross)i(section)g(is)f(sub)s(divided)h(according)f(to) |
| | 24048 | 544 5310 y Fj(\033)603 5269 y Fh(AB)599 5334 y Fl(tot)717 |
| | 24049 | 5310 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))27 b(=)h Fj(\033)1029 5269 |
| | 24050 | y Fh(AB)1025 5334 y Fl(el)1142 5310 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p |
| | 24051 | Fw(\))22 b(+)g Fj(\033)1443 5269 y Fh(AB)1439 5334 y |
| | 24052 | Fl(sd)q(\()p Fh(X)5 b(B)s Fl(\))1685 5310 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p |
| | 24053 | Fw(\))22 b(+)g Fj(\033)1986 5269 y Fh(AB)1982 5334 y |
| | 24054 | Fl(sd)q(\()p Fh(AX)5 b Fl(\))2225 5310 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p |
| | 24055 | Fw(\))22 b(+)g Fj(\033)2526 5269 y Fh(AB)2522 5334 y |
| | 24056 | Fl(dd)2639 5310 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))g(+)g Fj(\033)2940 |
| | 24057 | 5269 y Fh(AB)2936 5334 y Fl(nd)3054 5310 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p |
| | 24058 | Fw(\))32 b Fj(:)371 b Fw(\(97\))0 5534 y(Here)41 b(`el')g(is)f(the)h |
| | 24059 | (elastic)e(pro)s(cess)j Fj(AB)47 b Fn(!)41 b Fj(AB)5 |
| | 24060 | b Fw(,)43 b(`sd\()p Fj(X)8 b(B)d Fw(\)')41 b(the)g(single)f |
| | 24061 | (di\013ractiv)m(e)g Fj(AB)46 b Fn(!)c Fj(X)8 b(B)d Fw(,)0 |
| | 24062 | 5642 y(`sd\()p Fj(AX)j Fw(\)')35 b(the)g(single)f(di\013ractiv)m(e)g |
| | 24063 | Fj(AB)i Fn(!)31 b Fj(AX)8 b Fw(,)35 b(`dd')h(the)f(double)f |
| | 24064 | (di\013ractiv)m(e)g Fj(AB)j Fn(!)30 b Fj(X)3400 5657 |
| | 24065 | y Fl(1)3440 5642 y Fj(X)3521 5657 y Fl(2)3560 5642 y |
| | 24066 | Fw(,)35 b(and)1817 5953 y(106)p eop |
| | 24067 | %%Page: 107 113 |
| | 24068 | 107 112 bop 0 -18 a Fw(`nd')30 b(the)f(non-di\013ractiv)m(e)f(ones.)43 |
| | 24069 | b(Higher)29 b(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(top)s(ologies,)g(suc)m(h)i(as)g(cen)m |
| | 24070 | (tral)e(di\013raction,)g(are)0 90 y(curren)m(tly)36 b(neglected.)51 |
| | 24071 | b(In)35 b(the)h(follo)m(wing,)d(the)i(elastic)f(and)i(di\013ractiv)m(e) |
| | 24072 | e(cross)i(sections)g(and)f(ev)m(en)m(t)0 198 y(c)m(haracteristics)47 |
| | 24073 | b(are)f(describ)s(ed,)51 b(as)c(giv)m(en)f(in)g(the)h(mo)s(del)e(b)m(y) |
| | 24074 | i(Sc)m(h)m(uler)g(and)g(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand)47 b([Sc)m(h94,)0 |
| | 24075 | 307 y(Sc)m(h93a].)76 b(The)45 b(non-di\013ractiv)m(e)d(comp)s(onen)m(t) |
| | 24076 | i(is)f(iden)m(ti\014ed)g(with)g(the)h(`minim)m(um)c(bias')j(ph)m(ysics) |
| | 24077 | 0 415 y(already)33 b(men)m(tioned,)g(a)g(practical)f(but)i(not)f(unam)m |
| | 24078 | (biguous)g(c)m(hoice.)46 b(Its)34 b(cross)h(section)e(is)g(giv)m(en)h |
| | 24079 | (b)m(y)0 523 y(`whatev)m(er)g(is)e(left')g(according)g(to)g(eq.)i |
| | 24080 | (\(97\),)e(and)h(its)f(prop)s(erties)g(are)h(discussed)h(in)e(section)h |
| | 24081 | (11.2.)146 632 y(A)m(t)38 b(not)f(to)s(o)f(large)g(squared)i(momen)m |
| | 24082 | (tum)e(transfers)h Fj(t)p Fw(,)i(the)e(elastic)f(cross)i(section)g(can) |
| | 24083 | f(b)s(e)g(ap-)0 740 y(pro)m(ximated)27 b(b)m(y)h(a)f(simple)e(exp)s |
| | 24084 | (onen)m(tial)i(fall-o\013.)39 b(If)27 b(one)g(neglects)h(the)g(small)d |
| | 24085 | (real)h(part)h(of)g(the)h(cross)0 848 y(section,)33 b(the)g(optical)e |
| | 24086 | (theorem)h(then)h(giv)m(es)1412 1046 y(d)p Fj(\033)1521 |
| | 24087 | 1061 y Fl(el)p 1412 1090 165 4 v 1450 1181 a Fw(d)p Fj(t)1615 |
| | 24088 | 1113 y Fw(=)1732 1046 y Fj(\033)1791 1009 y Fl(2)1787 |
| | 24089 | 1070 y(tot)p 1728 1090 157 4 v 1728 1181 a Fw(16)p Fj(\031)1928 |
| | 24090 | 1113 y Fw(exp)q(\()p Fj(B)2189 1128 y Fl(el)2244 1113 |
| | 24091 | y Fj(t)p Fw(\))g Fj(;)1229 b Fw(\(98\))0 1359 y(and)33 |
| | 24092 | b Fj(\033)245 1374 y Fl(el)328 1359 y Fw(=)27 b Fj(\033)490 |
| | 24093 | 1323 y Fl(2)486 1384 y(tot)581 1359 y Fj(=)p Fw(16)p |
| | 24094 | Fj(\031)t(B)861 1374 y Fl(el)916 1359 y Fw(.)43 b(The)34 |
| | 24095 | b(elastic)d(slop)s(e)h(parameter)g(is)h(parametrized)e(b)m(y)1051 |
| | 24096 | 1569 y Fj(B)1125 1584 y Fl(el)1208 1569 y Fw(=)c Fj(B)1390 |
| | 24097 | 1528 y Fh(AB)1385 1594 y Fl(el)1504 1569 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p |
| | 24098 | Fw(\))g(=)h(2)p Fj(b)1847 1584 y Fh(A)1926 1569 y Fw(+)22 |
| | 24099 | b(2)p Fj(b)2114 1584 y Fh(B)2197 1569 y Fw(+)g(4)p Fj(s)2390 |
| | 24100 | 1528 y Fh(\017)2445 1569 y Fn(\000)h Fw(4)p Fj(:)p Fw(2)32 |
| | 24101 | b Fj(;)877 b Fw(\(99\))0 1768 y(with)27 b Fj(s)h Fw(giv)m(en)g(in)f |
| | 24102 | (units)h(of)f(GeV)h(and)g Fj(B)1476 1783 y Fl(el)1559 |
| | 24103 | 1768 y Fw(in)f(GeV)1861 1732 y Fk(\000)p Fl(2)1956 1768 |
| | 24104 | y Fw(.)41 b(The)29 b(constan)m(ts)h Fj(b)2689 1783 y |
| | 24105 | Fh(A;B)2850 1768 y Fw(are)e Fj(b)3049 1783 y Fl(p)3120 |
| | 24106 | 1768 y Fw(=)g(2)p Fj(:)p Fw(3,)g Fj(b)3445 1783 y Fh(\031)r(;\032;!)r |
| | 24107 | (;\036)3704 1768 y Fw(=)0 1877 y(1)p Fj(:)p Fw(4,)43 |
| | 24108 | b Fj(b)236 1892 y Fl(J)p Fh(= )403 1877 y Fw(=)e(0)p |
| | 24109 | Fj(:)p Fw(23.)69 b(The)42 b(increase)f(of)g(the)g(slop)s(e)g(parameter) |
| | 24110 | f(with)h(c.m.)69 b(energy)42 b(is)e(faster)h(than)0 1985 |
| | 24111 | y(the)32 b(logarithmically)26 b(one)32 b(con)m(v)m(en)m(tionally)f |
| | 24112 | (assumed;)i(that)f(w)m(a)m(y)g(the)g(ratio)e Fj(\033)2933 |
| | 24113 | 2000 y Fl(el)2989 1985 y Fj(=\033)3093 2000 y Fl(tot)3219 |
| | 24114 | 1985 y Fw(remains)h(w)m(ell-)0 2093 y(b)s(eha)m(v)m(ed)j(at)f(large)e |
| | 24115 | (energies.)146 2202 y(The)j(di\013ractiv)m(e)e(cross)h(sections)h(are)e |
| | 24116 | (giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)754 2395 y(d)p Fj(\033)863 2410 y Fl(sd)q(\()p |
| | 24117 | Fh(X)5 b(B)s Fl(\))1110 2395 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))p |
| | 24118 | 754 2440 478 4 v 841 2532 a(d)p Fj(t)17 b Fw(d)p Fj(M)1105 |
| | 24119 | 2503 y Fl(2)1324 2463 y Fw(=)1498 2396 y Fj(g)1545 2411 |
| | 24120 | y Fl(3I)-12 b(P)p 1493 2440 157 4 v 1493 2532 a Fw(16)p |
| | 24121 | Fj(\031)1676 2463 y(\014)1731 2478 y Fh(A)p Fl(I)g(P)1867 |
| | 24122 | 2463 y Fj(\014)1928 2422 y Fl(2)1922 2488 y Fh(B)s Fl(I)g(P)2118 |
| | 24123 | 2396 y Fw(1)p 2071 2440 145 4 v 2071 2532 a Fj(M)2175 |
| | 24124 | 2503 y Fl(2)2258 2463 y Fw(exp)q(\()p Fj(B)2519 2479 |
| | 24125 | y Fl(sd\()p Fh(X)5 b(B)s Fl(\))2765 2463 y Fj(t)p Fw(\))17 |
| | 24126 | b Fj(F)2918 2478 y Fl(sd)3021 2463 y Fj(;)758 2640 y |
| | 24127 | Fw(d)p Fj(\033)867 2655 y Fl(sd)q(\()p Fh(AX)5 b Fl(\))1110 |
| | 24128 | 2640 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))p 758 2685 474 4 v 842 2777 |
| | 24129 | a(d)p Fj(t)17 b Fw(d)p Fj(M)1106 2748 y Fl(2)1324 2708 |
| | 24130 | y Fw(=)1498 2641 y Fj(g)1545 2656 y Fl(3I)-12 b(P)p 1493 |
| | 24131 | 2685 157 4 v 1493 2777 a Fw(16)p Fj(\031)1676 2708 y(\014)1737 |
| | 24132 | 2667 y Fl(2)1731 2733 y Fh(A)p Fl(I)g(P)1867 2708 y Fj(\014)1922 |
| | 24133 | 2723 y Fh(B)s Fl(I)g(P)2118 2641 y Fw(1)p 2071 2685 145 |
| | 24134 | 4 v 2071 2777 a Fj(M)2175 2748 y Fl(2)2258 2708 y Fw(exp)q(\()p |
| | 24135 | Fj(B)2519 2724 y Fl(sd\()p Fh(AX)5 b Fl(\))2761 2708 |
| | 24136 | y Fj(t)p Fw(\))17 b Fj(F)2914 2723 y Fl(sd)3018 2708 |
| | 24137 | y Fj(;)815 2889 y Fw(d)p Fj(\033)924 2904 y Fl(dd)1007 |
| | 24138 | 2889 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))p 712 2933 520 4 v 712 3025 |
| | 24139 | a(d)p Fj(t)g Fw(d)p Fj(M)976 2990 y Fl(2)966 3046 y(1)1033 |
| | 24140 | 3025 y Fw(d)p Fj(M)1191 2990 y Fl(2)1181 3046 y(2)1324 |
| | 24141 | 2956 y Fw(=)1498 2889 y Fj(g)1549 2853 y Fl(2)1545 2913 |
| | 24142 | y(3I)-12 b(P)p 1493 2933 157 4 v 1493 3025 a Fw(16)p |
| | 24143 | Fj(\031)1676 2956 y(\014)1731 2971 y Fh(A)p Fl(I)g(P)1867 |
| | 24144 | 2956 y Fj(\014)1922 2971 y Fh(B)s Fl(I)g(P)2118 2889 |
| | 24145 | y Fw(1)p 2071 2933 145 4 v 2071 3025 a Fj(M)2175 2990 |
| | 24146 | y Fl(2)2165 3046 y(1)2299 2889 y Fw(1)p 2251 2933 V 2251 |
| | 24147 | 3025 a Fj(M)2355 2990 y Fl(2)2345 3046 y(2)2439 2956 |
| | 24148 | y Fw(exp)q(\()p Fj(B)2700 2971 y Fl(dd)2782 2956 y Fj(t)p |
| | 24149 | Fw(\))17 b Fj(F)2935 2971 y Fl(dd)3050 2956 y Fj(:)480 |
| | 24150 | b Fw(\(100\))146 3227 y(The)36 b(couplings)d Fj(\014)834 |
| | 24151 | 3242 y Fh(A)p Fl(I)-12 b(P)988 3227 y Fw(are)34 b(related)g(to)h(the)g |
| | 24152 | (p)s(omeron)e(term)h Fj(X)2500 3191 y Fh(AB)2614 3227 |
| | 24153 | y Fj(s)2660 3191 y Fh(\017)2727 3227 y Fw(of)g(the)h(total)e(cross)i |
| | 24154 | (section)0 3335 y(parametrization,)j(eq.)j(\(96\).)63 |
| | 24155 | b(Pic)m(king)39 b(a)g(reference)i(scale)2270 3271 y Fn(p)p |
| | 24156 | 2353 3271 136 4 v 64 x Fj(s)2399 3350 y Fl(ref)2528 3335 |
| | 24157 | y Fw(=)e(20)g(GeV,)g(the)h(couplings)e(are)0 3457 y(giv)m(en)j(b)m(y)h |
| | 24158 | Fj(\014)462 3472 y Fh(A)p Fl(I)-12 b(P)580 3457 y Fj(\014)635 |
| | 24159 | 3472 y Fh(B)s Fl(I)g(P)799 3457 y Fw(=)42 b Fj(X)1006 |
| | 24160 | 3421 y Fh(AB)1136 3457 y Fj(s)1182 3421 y Fh(\017)1182 |
| | 24161 | 3481 y Fl(ref)1271 3457 y Fw(.)68 b(The)42 b(triple-p)s(omeron)c |
| | 24162 | (coupling)i(is)g(determined)h(from)e(single-)0 3576 y(di\013ractiv)m(e) |
| | 24163 | 46 b(data)g(to)h(b)s(e)g Fj(g)1036 3591 y Fl(3I)-12 b(P)1188 |
| | 24164 | 3576 y Fn(\031)53 b Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(318)46 b(m)m(b)1720 |
| | 24165 | 3540 y Fl(1)p Fh(=)p Fl(2)1829 3576 y Fw(;)54 b(within)46 |
| | 24166 | b(the)h(con)m(text)h(of)e(the)i(form)m(ulae)d(in)h(this)0 |
| | 24167 | 3684 y(section.)146 3792 y(The)38 b(sp)s(ectrum)g(of)e(di\013ractiv)m |
| | 24168 | (e)h(masses)h Fj(M)48 b Fw(is)36 b(tak)m(en)i(to)f(b)s(egin)g(0.28)f |
| | 24169 | (GeV)h Fn(\031)f Fw(2)p Fj(m)3279 3807 y Fh(\031)3363 |
| | 24170 | 3792 y Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(the)0 3901 y(mass)31 b(of)f(the)h(resp)s |
| | 24171 | (ectiv)m(e)i(incoming)28 b(particle)i(and)h(extend)h(to)e(the)i |
| | 24172 | (kinematical)c(limit.)39 b(The)32 b(simple)0 4009 y(d)p |
| | 24173 | Fj(M)158 3973 y Fl(2)198 4009 y Fj(=)-5 b(M)346 3973 |
| | 24174 | y Fl(2)414 4009 y Fw(form)27 b(is)g(mo)s(di\014ed)g(b)m(y)i(the)g |
| | 24175 | (mass-dep)s(endence)h(in)d(the)i(di\013ractiv)m(e)e(slop)s(es)h(and)g |
| | 24176 | (in)g(the)g Fj(F)3708 4024 y Fl(sd)0 4117 y Fw(and)33 |
| | 24177 | b Fj(F)253 4132 y Fl(dd)368 4117 y Fw(factors.)146 4226 |
| | 24178 | y(The)h(slop)s(e)e(parameters)h(are)f(assumed)h(to)g(b)s(e)1063 |
| | 24179 | 4469 y Fj(B)1137 4484 y Fl(sd\()p Fh(X)5 b(B)s Fl(\))1383 |
| | 24180 | 4469 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))83 b(=)g(2)p Fj(b)1837 4484 |
| | 24181 | y Fh(B)1920 4469 y Fw(+)22 b(2)p Fj(\013)2130 4427 y |
| | 24182 | Fk(0)2169 4469 y Fw(ln)2267 4347 y Fg(\022)2387 4401 |
| | 24183 | y Fj(s)p 2338 4445 145 4 v 2338 4537 a(M)2442 4508 y |
| | 24184 | Fl(2)2492 4347 y Fg(\023)2602 4469 y Fj(;)1067 4701 y(B)1141 |
| | 24185 | 4717 y Fl(sd\()p Fh(AX)5 b Fl(\))1383 4701 y Fw(\()p |
| | 24186 | Fj(s)p Fw(\))83 b(=)g(2)p Fj(b)1837 4716 y Fh(A)1916 |
| | 24187 | 4701 y Fw(+)22 b(2)p Fj(\013)2126 4660 y Fk(0)2165 4701 |
| | 24188 | y Fw(ln)2263 4580 y Fg(\022)2383 4634 y Fj(s)p 2334 4678 |
| | 24189 | V 2334 4769 a(M)2438 4741 y Fl(2)2488 4580 y Fg(\023)2599 |
| | 24190 | 4701 y Fj(;)1226 4958 y(B)1300 4973 y Fl(dd)1383 4958 |
| | 24191 | y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))83 b(=)g(2)p Fj(\013)1859 4917 |
| | 24192 | y Fk(0)1898 4958 y Fw(ln)1996 4812 y Fg( )2062 4958 y |
| | 24193 | Fj(e)2107 4917 y Fl(4)2168 4958 y Fw(+)2355 4891 y Fj(ss)2447 |
| | 24194 | 4906 y Fl(0)p 2276 4935 289 4 v 2276 5027 a Fj(M)2380 |
| | 24195 | 4992 y Fl(2)2370 5049 y(1)2421 5027 y Fj(M)2525 4992 |
| | 24196 | y Fl(2)2515 5049 y(2)2575 4812 y Fg(!)2690 4958 y Fj(:)840 |
| | 24197 | b Fw(\(101\))0 5236 y(Here)35 b Fj(\013)295 5200 y Fk(0)349 |
| | 24198 | 5236 y Fw(=)c(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(25)j(GeV)857 5200 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 24199 | Fl(2)986 5236 y Fw(and)h(con)m(v)m(en)m(tionally)f Fj(s)1868 |
| | 24200 | 5251 y Fl(0)1942 5236 y Fw(is)g(pic)m(k)m(ed)i(as)f Fj(s)2513 |
| | 24201 | 5251 y Fl(0)2583 5236 y Fw(=)c(1)p Fj(=\013)2851 5200 |
| | 24202 | y Fk(0)2874 5236 y Fw(.)49 b(The)36 b(term)e Fj(e)3433 |
| | 24203 | 5200 y Fl(4)3507 5236 y Fw(in)g Fj(B)3697 5251 y Fl(dd)0 |
| | 24204 | 5344 y Fw(is)42 b(added)h(b)m(y)h(hand)f(to)f(a)m(v)m(oid)h(a)f |
| | 24205 | (breakdo)m(wn)i(of)f(the)g(standard)g(expression)h(for)e(large)f(v)-5 |
| | 24206 | b(alues)43 b(of)0 5453 y Fj(M)104 5416 y Fl(2)94 5477 |
| | 24207 | y(1)144 5453 y Fj(M)248 5416 y Fl(2)238 5477 y(2)288 |
| | 24208 | 5453 y Fw(.)j(The)34 b Fj(b)603 5468 y Fh(A;B)770 5453 |
| | 24209 | y Fw(terms)f(protect)h Fj(B)1453 5468 y Fl(sd)1557 5453 |
| | 24210 | y Fw(from)e(breaking)h(do)m(wn;)i(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er)g(a)e(minim)m(um)d |
| | 24211 | (v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)g(2)0 5561 y(is)d(still)f(explicitly)g(required)i |
| | 24212 | (for)f Fj(B)1307 5576 y Fl(sd)1379 5561 y Fw(,)h(whic)m(h)g(comes)g(in) |
| | 24213 | m(to)f(pla)m(y)h(e.g.)43 b(for)30 b(a)h(J)p Fj(= )k Fw(state)c(\(as)g |
| | 24214 | (part)f(of)h(a)0 5669 y(VMD)i(photon)f(b)s(eam\).)1817 |
| | 24215 | 5953 y(107)p eop |
| | 24216 | %%Page: 108 114 |
| | 24217 | 108 113 bop 146 -18 a Fw(The)43 b(kinematical)c(range)j(in)f |
| | 24218 | Fj(t)h Fw(dep)s(ends)h(on)f(all)e(the)i(masses)h(of)e(the)h(problem.)70 |
| | 24219 | b(In)42 b(terms)g(of)0 90 y(the)h(scaled)g(v)-5 b(ariables)42 |
| | 24220 | b Fj(\026)950 105 y Fl(1)1034 90 y Fw(=)j Fj(m)1240 54 |
| | 24221 | y Fl(2)1240 114 y Fh(A)1298 90 y Fj(=s)p Fw(,)g Fj(\026)1524 |
| | 24222 | 105 y Fl(2)1608 90 y Fw(=)g Fj(m)1814 54 y Fl(2)1814 |
| | 24223 | 114 y Fh(B)1875 90 y Fj(=s)p Fw(,)h Fj(\026)2102 105 |
| | 24224 | y Fl(3)2186 90 y Fw(=)f Fj(M)2411 54 y Fl(2)2401 117 |
| | 24225 | y(\(1\))2496 90 y Fj(=s)d Fw(\(=)j Fj(m)2877 54 y Fl(2)2877 |
| | 24226 | 114 y Fh(A)2935 90 y Fj(=s)d Fw(when)i Fj(A)f Fw(scatters)0 |
| | 24227 | 221 y(elastically\),)30 b Fj(\026)577 236 y Fl(4)644 |
| | 24228 | 221 y Fw(=)d Fj(M)851 185 y Fl(2)841 248 y(\(2\))936 |
| | 24229 | 221 y Fj(=s)32 b Fw(\(=)c Fj(m)1290 185 y Fl(2)1290 245 |
| | 24230 | y Fh(B)1351 221 y Fj(=s)k Fw(when)i Fj(B)j Fw(scatters)d |
| | 24231 | (elastically\),)c(and)j(the)g(com)m(binations)519 447 |
| | 24232 | y Fj(C)589 462 y Fl(1)712 447 y Fw(=)82 b(1)22 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 24233 | Fw(\()p Fj(\026)1138 462 y Fl(1)1199 447 y Fw(+)f Fj(\026)1356 |
| | 24234 | 462 y Fl(2)1417 447 y Fw(+)g Fj(\026)1574 462 y Fl(3)1636 |
| | 24235 | 447 y Fw(+)g Fj(\026)1793 462 y Fl(4)1832 447 y Fw(\))g(+)g(\()p |
| | 24236 | Fj(\026)2087 462 y Fl(1)2148 447 y Fn(\000)h Fj(\026)2307 |
| | 24237 | 462 y Fl(2)2346 447 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(\026)2481 462 y Fl(3)2542 |
| | 24238 | 447 y Fn(\000)g Fj(\026)2701 462 y Fl(4)2740 447 y Fw(\))32 |
| | 24239 | b Fj(;)519 617 y(C)589 632 y Fl(2)712 617 y Fw(=)870 |
| | 24240 | 512 y Fg(q)p 953 512 971 4 v 105 x Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 24241 | Fj(\026)1221 632 y Fl(1)1282 617 y Fn(\000)g Fj(\026)1441 |
| | 24242 | 632 y Fl(2)1480 617 y Fw(\))1518 588 y Fl(2)1579 617 |
| | 24243 | y Fn(\000)g Fw(4)p Fj(\026)1787 632 y Fl(1)1826 617 y |
| | 24244 | Fj(\026)1885 632 y Fl(2)1941 512 y Fg(q)p 2024 512 V |
| | 24245 | 105 x Fw(\(1)f Fn(\000)g Fj(\026)2291 632 y Fl(3)2353 |
| | 24246 | 617 y Fn(\000)g Fj(\026)2511 632 y Fl(4)2550 617 y Fw(\))2588 |
| | 24247 | 588 y Fl(2)2650 617 y Fn(\000)g Fw(4)p Fj(\026)2857 632 |
| | 24248 | y Fl(3)2896 617 y Fj(\026)2955 632 y Fl(4)3027 617 y |
| | 24249 | Fj(;)519 766 y(C)589 781 y Fl(3)712 766 y Fw(=)82 b(\()p |
| | 24250 | Fj(\026)967 781 y Fl(3)1029 766 y Fn(\000)22 b Fj(\026)1187 |
| | 24251 | 781 y Fl(1)1226 766 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(\026)1361 781 y Fl(4)1423 |
| | 24252 | 766 y Fn(\000)g Fj(\026)1581 781 y Fl(2)1620 766 y Fw(\))g(+)g(\()p |
| | 24253 | Fj(\026)1875 781 y Fl(1)1937 766 y Fw(+)g Fj(\026)2094 |
| | 24254 | 781 y Fl(4)2155 766 y Fn(\000)g Fj(\026)2313 781 y Fl(2)2375 |
| | 24255 | 766 y Fn(\000)g Fj(\026)2533 781 y Fl(3)2573 766 y Fw(\)\()p |
| | 24256 | Fj(\026)2708 781 y Fl(1)2747 766 y Fj(\026)2806 781 y |
| | 24257 | Fl(4)2867 766 y Fn(\000)g Fj(\026)3025 781 y Fl(2)3065 |
| | 24258 | 766 y Fj(\026)3124 781 y Fl(3)3163 766 y Fw(\))32 b Fj(;)297 |
| | 24259 | b Fw(\(102\))0 974 y(one)33 b(has)g Fj(t)388 989 y Fl(min)537 |
| | 24260 | 974 y Fj(<)28 b(t)g(<)f(t)842 989 y Fl(max)1011 974 y |
| | 24261 | Fw(with)887 1207 y Fj(t)922 1222 y Fl(min)1127 1207 y |
| | 24262 | Fw(=)83 b Fn(\000)1374 1139 y Fj(s)p 1373 1184 49 4 v |
| | 24263 | 1373 1275 a Fw(2)1432 1207 y(\()p Fj(C)1540 1222 y Fl(1)1601 |
| | 24264 | 1207 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(C)1769 1222 y Fl(2)1809 1207 y Fw(\))32 |
| | 24265 | b Fj(;)873 1455 y(t)908 1470 y Fl(max)1127 1455 y Fw(=)83 |
| | 24266 | b Fn(\000)1374 1387 y Fj(s)p 1373 1431 V 1373 1523 a |
| | 24267 | Fw(2)1432 1455 y(\()p Fj(C)1540 1470 y Fl(1)1601 1455 |
| | 24268 | y Fn(\000)23 b Fj(C)1771 1470 y Fl(2)1810 1455 y Fw(\))28 |
| | 24269 | b(=)f Fn(\000)2067 1387 y Fj(s)p 2066 1431 V 2066 1523 |
| | 24270 | a Fw(2)2243 1387 y(4)p Fj(C)2362 1402 y Fl(3)p 2152 1431 |
| | 24271 | 339 4 v 2152 1523 a Fj(C)2222 1538 y Fl(1)2284 1523 y |
| | 24272 | Fw(+)22 b Fj(C)2452 1538 y Fl(2)2528 1455 y Fw(=)2642 |
| | 24273 | 1387 y Fj(s)2688 1351 y Fl(2)2727 1387 y Fj(C)2797 1402 |
| | 24274 | y Fl(3)p 2642 1431 195 4 v 2661 1523 a Fj(t)2696 1538 |
| | 24275 | y Fl(min)2879 1455 y Fj(:)651 b Fw(\(103\))146 1715 y(The)42 |
| | 24276 | b(Regge)e(form)m(ulae)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(for)f(single-)e(and)j |
| | 24277 | (double-di\013ractiv)m(e)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(are)d(supp)s(osed)i(to)0 |
| | 24278 | 1823 y(hold)j(in)g(certain)g(asymptotic)f(regions)i(of)f(the)h(total)e |
| | 24279 | (phase)i(space.)84 b(Of)45 b(course,)50 b(there)c(will)d(b)s(e)0 |
| | 24280 | 1932 y(di\013raction)26 b(also)i(outside)g(these)h(restrictiv)m(e)f |
| | 24281 | (regions.)42 b(Lac)m(king)28 b(a)g(theory)h(whic)m(h)f(predicts)h |
| | 24282 | (di\013eren-)0 2040 y(tial)f(cross)k(sections)f(at)f(arbitrary)g |
| | 24283 | Fj(t)h Fw(and)f Fj(M)1658 2004 y Fl(2)1729 2040 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 24284 | b(alues,)31 b(the)g(Regge)g(form)m(ulae)e(are)h(used)i(ev)m(erywhere,)0 |
| | 24285 | 2148 y(but)i(fudge)h(factors)f(are)g(in)m(tro)s(duced)g(in)g(order)g |
| | 24286 | (to)g(obtain)f(`sensible')h(b)s(eha)m(viour)g(in)g(the)g(full)f(phase)0 |
| | 24287 | 2257 y(space.)45 b(These)34 b(factors)f(are:)890 2534 |
| | 24288 | y Fj(F)953 2549 y Fl(sd)1108 2534 y Fw(=)1268 2387 y |
| | 24289 | Fg( )1334 2534 y Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)1514 2466 y Fj(M)1618 |
| | 24290 | 2430 y Fl(2)p 1514 2510 145 4 v 1563 2602 a Fj(s)1668 |
| | 24291 | 2387 y Fg(!)17 b( )1817 2534 y Fw(1)k(+)2053 2466 y Fj(c)2095 |
| | 24292 | 2481 y Fl(res)2202 2466 y Fj(M)2306 2430 y Fl(2)2296 |
| | 24293 | 2491 y(res)p 1995 2510 450 4 v 1995 2602 a Fj(M)2099 |
| | 24294 | 2573 y Fl(2)2089 2627 y(res)2203 2602 y Fw(+)h Fj(M)2405 |
| | 24295 | 2573 y Fl(2)2455 2387 y Fg(!)2570 2534 y Fj(;)879 2825 |
| | 24296 | y(F)942 2840 y Fl(dd)1108 2825 y Fw(=)1268 2679 y Fg( )1334 |
| | 24297 | 2825 y Fw(1)g Fn(\000)1514 2758 y Fw(\()p Fj(M)1646 2773 |
| | 24298 | y Fl(1)1708 2758 y Fw(+)g Fj(M)1900 2773 y Fl(2)1940 |
| | 24299 | 2758 y Fw(\))1978 2709 y Fl(2)p 1514 2802 504 4 v 1743 |
| | 24300 | 2893 a Fj(s)2027 2679 y Fg(!)17 b( )2398 2751 y Fj(s)g(m)2546 |
| | 24301 | 2715 y Fl(2)2546 2776 y(p)p 2185 2802 617 4 v 2185 2893 |
| | 24302 | a Fj(s)g(m)2333 2865 y Fl(2)2333 2918 y(p)2399 2893 y |
| | 24303 | Fw(+)22 b Fj(M)2601 2859 y Fl(2)2591 2915 y(1)2658 2893 |
| | 24304 | y Fj(M)2762 2859 y Fl(2)2752 2915 y(2)2812 2679 y Fg(!)1108 |
| | 24305 | 3114 y Fn(\002)1268 2967 y Fg( )1334 3114 y Fw(1)g(+)1570 |
| | 24306 | 3046 y Fj(c)1612 3061 y Fl(res)1720 3046 y Fj(M)1824 |
| | 24307 | 3010 y Fl(2)1814 3071 y(res)p 1513 3090 450 4 v 1513 |
| | 24308 | 3182 a Fj(M)1617 3153 y Fl(2)1607 3207 y(res)1720 3182 |
| | 24309 | y Fw(+)g Fj(M)1922 3148 y Fl(2)1912 3204 y(1)1972 2967 |
| | 24310 | y Fg(!)17 b( )2120 3114 y Fw(1)22 b(+)2357 3046 y Fj(c)2399 |
| | 24311 | 3061 y Fl(res)2506 3046 y Fj(M)2610 3010 y Fl(2)2600 |
| | 24312 | 3071 y(res)p 2299 3090 V 2299 3182 a Fj(M)2403 3153 y |
| | 24313 | Fl(2)2393 3207 y(res)2507 3182 y Fw(+)g Fj(M)2709 3148 |
| | 24314 | y Fl(2)2699 3204 y(2)2759 2967 y Fg(!)2874 3114 y Fj(:)656 |
| | 24315 | b Fw(\(104\))0 3390 y(The)33 b(\014rst)g(factor)f(in)g(either)g |
| | 24316 | (expression)i(suppresses)h(pro)s(duction)d(close)g(to)g(the)h |
| | 24317 | (kinematical)d(limit.)0 3499 y(The)49 b(second)h(factor)e(in)g |
| | 24318 | Fj(F)1035 3514 y Fh(dd)1160 3499 y Fw(suppresses)k(con\014gurations)c |
| | 24319 | (where)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(systems)0 |
| | 24320 | 3607 y(o)m(v)m(erlap)34 b(in)f(rapidit)m(y)g(space.)48 |
| | 24321 | b(The)35 b(\014nal)e(factors)h(giv)m(e)g(an)f(enhancemen)m(t)j(of)d |
| | 24322 | (the)h(lo)m(w-mass)f(region,)0 3715 y(where)38 b(a)f(resonance)h |
| | 24323 | (structure)g(is)f(observ)m(ed)i(in)d(the)h(data.)56 b(Clearly)36 |
| | 24324 | b(a)h(more)f(detailed)g(mo)s(delling)0 3824 y(w)m(ould)47 |
| | 24325 | b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)e(b)s(e)h(based)h(on)e(a)h(set)g(of)g(exclusiv)m(e)g |
| | 24326 | (states)h(rather)f(than)g(on)f(this)h(smeared-out)0 3932 |
| | 24327 | y(a)m(v)m(eraging)34 b(pro)s(cedure.)49 b(A)35 b(reasonable)f(\014t)g |
| | 24328 | (to)g(pp)p Fj(=)p 1924 3879 55 4 v Fw(pp)h(data)f(is)f(obtained)h(for)g |
| | 24329 | Fj(c)2986 3947 y Fl(res)3107 3932 y Fw(=)d(2)j(and)g |
| | 24330 | Fj(M)3582 3947 y Fl(res)3704 3932 y Fw(=)0 4040 y(2)c(GeV,)h(for)f(an)g |
| | 24331 | (arbitary)g(particle)f Fj(A)h Fw(whic)m(h)h(is)f(di\013ractiv)m(ely)g |
| | 24332 | (excited)h(w)m(e)h(use)f Fj(M)3089 4004 y Fh(A)3079 4065 |
| | 24333 | y Fl(res)3198 4040 y Fw(=)d Fj(m)3387 4055 y Fh(A)3462 |
| | 24334 | 4040 y Fn(\000)18 b Fj(m)3642 4055 y Fl(p)3704 4040 y |
| | 24335 | Fw(+)0 4149 y(2)32 b(GeV.)146 4257 y(The)46 b(di\013ractiv)m(e)d |
| | 24336 | (cross-section)i(form)m(ulae)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f |
| | 24337 | (in)m(tegrated)f(for)g(a)g(set)h(of)f(c.m.)0 4365 y(energies,)54 |
| | 24338 | b(starting)49 b(at)g(10)g(GeV,)g(and)h(the)g(results)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s |
| | 24339 | (een)f(parametrized.)93 b(The)51 b(form)d(of)0 4474 y(these)34 |
| | 24340 | b(parametrizations)c(is)i(giv)m(en)g(in)g(ref.)43 b([Sc)m(h94)q(],)32 |
| | 24341 | b(with)g(explicit)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)i(for)f(the)h(pp)p |
| | 24342 | Fj(=)p 3438 4421 V Fw(pp)f(case.)0 4582 y Fm(Pythia)42 |
| | 24343 | b Fw(also)f(con)m(tains)h(similar)c(parametrizations)i(for)h |
| | 24344 | Fj(\031)t Fw(p)h(\(assumed)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(same)f(as)h |
| | 24345 | Fj(\032)p Fw(p)g(and)0 4690 y Fj(!)t Fw(p\),)32 b Fj(\036)p |
| | 24346 | Fw(p,)h(J)p Fj(= )t Fw(p,)f Fj(\032\032)h Fw(\()p Fj(\031)t(\031)k |
| | 24347 | Fw(etc.\),)c Fj(\032\036)p Fw(,)g Fj(\032)p Fw(J)p Fj(= )t |
| | 24348 | Fw(,)f Fj(\036\036)p Fw(,)h Fj(\036)p Fw(J)p Fj(= )j |
| | 24349 | Fw(and)c(J)p Fj(= )t Fw(J)p Fj(= )t Fw(.)146 4799 y(The)c(pro)s(cesses) |
| | 24350 | h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(do)f(not)g(ob)s(ey)h(the)f(ordinary)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j |
| | 24351 | (mixing)c(strategy)-8 b(.)42 b(First)26 b(of)h(all,)f(since)0 |
| | 24352 | 4907 y(their)h(total)f(cross)i(sections)g(are)g(kno)m(wn,)i(it)c(is)h |
| | 24353 | (p)s(ossible)g(to)g(pic)m(k)h(the)g(appropriate)e(pro)s(cess)j(from)d |
| | 24354 | (the)0 5015 y(start,)39 b(and)f(then)g(remain)e(with)h(that)g(c)m |
| | 24355 | (hoice.)59 b(In)38 b(other)g(w)m(ords,)i(if)c(the)i(selection)f(of)g |
| | 24356 | (kinematical)0 5124 y(v)-5 b(ariables)39 b(fails,)i(one)g(w)m(ould)g |
| | 24357 | (not)f(go)g(bac)m(k)i(and)e(pic)m(k)h(a)g(new)g(pro)s(cess,)j(the)d(w)m |
| | 24358 | (a)m(y)h(it)e(w)m(as)h(done)g(in)0 5232 y(section)35 |
| | 24359 | b(7.4.4.)51 b(Second,)37 b(it)d(is)h(not)g(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(imp)s |
| | 24360 | (ose)f(an)m(y)i(cuts)g(or)f(restrain)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(incoming)0 |
| | 24361 | 5340 y(or)k(outgoing)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours:)59 b(if)38 b(not)i(additional) |
| | 24362 | c(information)h(w)m(ere)k(to)e(b)s(e)h(pro)m(vided,)h(it)e(w)m(ould)g |
| | 24363 | (mak)m(e)0 5449 y(the)e(whole)g(scenario)g(ill-de\014ned.)54 |
| | 24364 | b(Third,)38 b(it)e(is)h(not)f(recommended)h(to)g(mix)f(generation)g(of) |
| | 24365 | g(these)0 5557 y(pro)s(cesses)g(with)d(that)h(of)f(an)m(y)h(of)g(the)g |
| | 24366 | (other)g(ones:)46 b(normally)32 b(the)i(other)g(pro)s(cesses)i(ha)m(v)m |
| | 24367 | (e)f(so)f(small)0 5665 y(cross)h(sections)g(that)f(they)i(w)m(ould)e |
| | 24368 | (almost)f(nev)m(er)j(b)s(e)e(generated)h(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)-8 |
| | 24369 | b(.)51 b(\(W)-8 b(e)35 b(here)g(exclude)g(the)1817 5953 |
| | 24370 | y(108)p eop |
| | 24371 | %%Page: 109 115 |
| | 24372 | 109 114 bop 0 -18 a Fw(cases)37 b(of)e(`underlying)g(ev)m(en)m(ts')i |
| | 24373 | (and)f(`pile-up)e(ev)m(en)m(ts',)k(where)f(mixing)c(is)i(pro)m(vided)h |
| | 24374 | (for,)f(and)h(ev)m(en)0 90 y(is)c(a)g(cen)m(tral)h(part)f(of)g(the)h |
| | 24375 | (formalism,)c(see)34 b(sections)f(11.2)f(and)h(11.3.\))146 |
| | 24376 | 198 y(Once)40 b(the)f(cross-section)h(parametrizations)d(has)i(b)s(een) |
| | 24377 | h(used)g(to)e(pic)m(k)h(one)h(of)e(the)h(pro)s(cesses,)0 |
| | 24378 | 307 y(the)33 b(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b Fj(t)i Fw(and)g Fj(M)43 |
| | 24379 | b Fw(are)33 b(selected)g(according)f(to)g(the)h(form)m(ulae)e(giv)m(en) |
| | 24380 | i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)146 415 y(A)j Fj(\032)305 379 y Fl(0)381 |
| | 24381 | 415 y Fw(formed)f(b)m(y)i Fj(\015)i Fn(!)33 b Fj(\032)1124 |
| | 24382 | 379 y Fl(0)1200 415 y Fw(in)i(elastic)g(or)h(di\013ractiv)m(e)f |
| | 24383 | (scattering)h(is)f(p)s(olarized,)h(and)g(therefore)0 |
| | 24384 | 523 y(its)e(deca)m(y)i(angular)d(distribution)g(in)h |
| | 24385 | Fj(\032)1465 487 y Fl(0)1535 523 y Fn(!)d Fj(\031)1725 |
| | 24386 | 487 y Fl(+)1784 523 y Fj(\031)1843 487 y Fk(\000)1936 |
| | 24387 | 523 y Fw(is)k(tak)m(en)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(prop)s(ortional)d(to)i(sin)3364 |
| | 24388 | 483 y Fl(2)3420 523 y Fj(\022)s Fw(,)h(where)0 632 y(the)e(reference)h |
| | 24389 | (axis)f(is)f(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)i(the)f Fj(\032)1482 595 |
| | 24390 | y Fl(0)1554 632 y Fw(direction)f(of)g(motion.)146 740 |
| | 24391 | y(A)43 b(ligh)m(t)e(di\013ractiv)m(e)g(system,)46 b(with)c(a)g(mass)h |
| | 24392 | (less)g(than)f(1)g(GeV)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(the)g(mass)f(of)g(the)h(in-)0 |
| | 24393 | 848 y(coming)30 b(particle,)h(is)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)h(deca)m(y)h |
| | 24394 | (isotropically)c(in)m(to)i(a)g(t)m(w)m(o-b)s(o)s(dy)h(state.)44 |
| | 24395 | b(Single-resonance)0 957 y(di\013ractiv)m(e)39 b(states,)j(suc)m(h)f |
| | 24396 | (as)e(a)h(\001)1301 920 y Fl(+)1360 957 y Fw(,)h(are)f(therefore)g(not) |
| | 24397 | f(explicily)f(generated,)k(but)d(are)h(assumed)0 1065 |
| | 24398 | y(describ)s(ed)33 b(in)f(an)h(a)m(v)m(erage,)g(smeared-out)g(sense.)146 |
| | 24399 | 1173 y(A)24 b(more)f(massiv)m(e)h(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(system)h(is)f |
| | 24400 | (subsequen)m(tly)k(treated)d(as)g(a)f(string)g(with)g(the)h(quan)m(tum) |
| | 24401 | 0 1282 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)h(of)f(the)h(original)c(hadron.)41 |
| | 24402 | b(Since)24 b(the)h(exact)g(nature)g(of)f(the)h(p)s(omeron)e(exc)m |
| | 24403 | (hanged)j(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)0 1390 y(the)49 b(hadrons)f(is)g(unkno)m |
| | 24404 | (wn,)54 b(t)m(w)m(o)49 b(alternativ)m(es)f(are)g(included.)91 |
| | 24405 | b(In)48 b(the)h(\014rst,)k(the)c(p)s(omeron)e(is)0 1498 |
| | 24406 | y(assumed)28 b(to)f(couple)g(to)g(\(v)-5 b(alence\))28 |
| | 24407 | b(quarks,)h(so)f(that)f(the)h(string)f(is)g(stretc)m(hed)i(directly)e |
| | 24408 | (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)0 1607 y(struc)m(k)j(quark)g(and)e(the)i |
| | 24409 | (remnan)m(t)e(diquark)h(\(an)m(tiquark\))f(of)h(the)g(di\013ractiv)m(e) |
| | 24410 | f(state.)43 b(In)31 b(the)g(second,)0 1715 y(the)f(in)m(teraction)e(is) |
| | 24411 | h(rather)h(with)f(a)g(gluon,)h(giving)e(rise)h(to)g(a)g(`hairpin')g |
| | 24412 | (con\014guration)f(in)h(whic)m(h)h(the)0 1823 y(string)g(is)g(stretc)m |
| | 24413 | (hed)i(from)d(a)h(quark)i(to)e(a)g(gluon)f(and)i(then)g(bac)m(k)g(to)f |
| | 24414 | (a)g(diquark)h(\(an)m(tiquark\).)43 b(Both)0 1932 y(of)30 |
| | 24415 | b(these)h(scenarios)f(could)g(b)s(e)g(presen)m(t)i(in)e(the)g(data;)h |
| | 24416 | (the)f(default)g(c)m(hoice)g(is)g(to)g(mix)e(them)i(in)g(equal)0 |
| | 24417 | 2040 y(prop)s(ortions.)146 2148 y(There)45 b(is)e(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)g |
| | 24418 | (supp)s(ort)h(for)f(more)g(complicated)f(scenarios)i([Ing85],)j |
| | 24419 | (wherein)d(the)0 2257 y(p)s(omeron)38 b(has)h(a)f(partonic)g |
| | 24420 | (substructure,)43 b(whic)m(h)c(e.g.)62 b(can)39 b(lead)f(to)g(high-)p |
| | 24421 | Fj(p)2950 2272 y Fk(?)3047 2257 y Fw(jet)g(pro)s(duction)g(in)0 |
| | 24422 | 2365 y(the)33 b(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(system.)44 b(The)33 |
| | 24423 | b(full)e(mac)m(hinery)-8 b(,)32 b(wherein)h(a)f(p)s(omeron)f(sp)s |
| | 24424 | (ectrum)i(is)f(folded)g(with)g(a)0 2473 y(p)s(omeron-proton)f(hard)i |
| | 24425 | (in)m(teraction,)e(is)h(not)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b(in)i |
| | 24426 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)0 2717 y Fo(7.7.2)112 b(Photopro)s(duction)37 |
| | 24427 | b(and)h Fj(\015)5 b(\015)43 b Fo(ph)m(ysics)0 2890 y |
| | 24428 | Fw(The)35 b(photopro)s(duction)f(part)g(is)g(still)e(under)j(activ)m(e) |
| | 24429 | g(dev)m(elopmen)m(t.)50 b(Curren)m(tly)35 b(only)f(in)m(teractions)0 |
| | 24430 | 2998 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)27 b(a)e(hadron)h(and)f(a)g(real)f(photon)h(ha) |
| | 24431 | m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f(studied)g(in)e(detail.)39 b Fj(\015)5 |
| | 24432 | b(\015)31 b Fw(ph)m(ysics)26 b(is)f(under)h(study)0 3106 |
| | 24433 | y([Sc)m(h94a],)32 b(and)f(is)g(no)m(w)h(preliminarily)27 |
| | 24434 | b(included)k(for)f(real)h(photons.)43 b(Deep)32 b(inelastic)e |
| | 24435 | (scattering)h(on)0 3215 y(a)i(real)f(photon)h(is)g(also)f |
| | 24436 | (preliminarily)c(included.)45 b(In)33 b(the)h(future)f(it)f(is)h(hop)s |
| | 24437 | (ed)g(to)g(add)g(in)m(teractions)0 3323 y(of)i(mildly)e(virtual)h |
| | 24438 | (photons)j(\(the)f(transition)e(region)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(real)e |
| | 24439 | (photons)i(and)e(deep)i(inelastic)0 3431 y(scattering\).)146 |
| | 24440 | 3540 y(The)d(total)d Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)32 b(and)h Fj(\015)5 |
| | 24441 | b(\015)37 b Fw(cross)c(sections)g(can)g(again)e(b)s(e)i(parametrized)e |
| | 24442 | (in)h(a)g(form)f(lik)m(e)h(eq.)h(\(96\),)0 3648 y(whic)m(h)27 |
| | 24443 | b(is)f(not)h(so)g(ob)m(vious)g(since)g(the)g(photon)g(has)g(more)f |
| | 24444 | (complicated)f(structure)j(than)f(an)f(ordinary)0 3756 |
| | 24445 | y(hadron.)43 b(In)30 b(fact,)h(the)f(structure)h(is)f(still)e(not)i(so) |
| | 24446 | g(w)m(ell)f(understo)s(o)s(d.)43 b(The)31 b(mo)s(del)e(w)m(e)i(outline) |
| | 24447 | d(is)i(the)0 3865 y(one)i(studied)g(b)m(y)g(Sc)m(h)m(uler)g(and)g |
| | 24448 | (Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand)32 b([Sc)m(h93,)g(Sc)m(h93a].)43 |
| | 24449 | b(In)32 b(this)f(mo)s(del)f(the)i(ph)m(ysical)f(photon)0 |
| | 24450 | 3973 y(is)h(represen)m(ted)j(b)m(y)484 4184 y Fn(j)p |
| | 24451 | Fj(\015)5 b Fn(i)27 b Fw(=)738 4078 y Fg(q)p 821 4078 |
| | 24452 | 107 4 v 106 x Fj(Z)888 4199 y Fl(3)943 4184 y Fn(j)p |
| | 24453 | Fj(\015)1022 4199 y Fh(B)1082 4184 y Fn(i)22 b Fw(+)1406 |
| | 24454 | 4101 y Fg(X)1241 4291 y Fh(V)16 b Fl(=)p Fh(\032)1389 |
| | 24455 | 4272 y Ff(0)1424 4291 y Fh(;!)r(;\036;)p Fl(J)p Fh(= )1749 |
| | 24456 | 4117 y Fj(e)p 1717 4161 110 4 v 1717 4253 a(f)1765 4268 |
| | 24457 | y Fh(V)1853 4184 y Fn(j)p Fj(V)21 b Fn(i)h Fw(+)2169 |
| | 24458 | 4117 y Fj(e)p 2128 4161 127 4 v 2128 4253 a(f)2176 4268 |
| | 24459 | y Fl(q)p 2213 4229 38 4 v(q)2281 4184 y Fn(j)p Fw(q)p |
| | 24460 | 2360 4131 52 4 v(q)q Fn(i)g Fw(+)2629 4101 y Fg(X)2571 |
| | 24461 | 4286 y Fh(`)p Fl(=e)p Fh(;\026;\034)2865 4117 y Fj(e)p |
| | 24462 | 2833 4161 110 4 v 2833 4253 a(f)2881 4268 y Fh(``)2970 |
| | 24463 | 4184 y Fn(j)p Fj(`)3039 4143 y Fl(+)3097 4184 y Fj(`)3138 |
| | 24464 | 4143 y Fk(\000)3197 4184 y Fn(i)32 b Fj(:)262 b Fw(\(105\))146 |
| | 24465 | 4463 y(By)35 b(virtue)g(of)f(this)g(sup)s(erp)s(osition,)h(one)g(is)f |
| | 24466 | (led)g(to)g(a)g(mo)s(del)f(of)i Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)34 b(in)m(teractions,) |
| | 24467 | h(where)h(three)0 4572 y(di\013eren)m(t)d(kinds)g(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j |
| | 24468 | (ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(distinguished:)145 4685 y Fn(\017)49 |
| | 24469 | b Fw(Direct)36 b(ev)m(en)m(ts,)41 b(wherein)d(the)g(bare)f(photon)h |
| | 24470 | Fn(j)p Fj(\015)2051 4700 y Fh(B)2110 4685 y Fn(i)f Fw(in)m(teracts)h |
| | 24471 | (directly)f(with)g(a)g(parton)g(from)244 4793 y(the)j(proton.)63 |
| | 24472 | b(The)41 b(pro)s(cess)f(is)f(p)s(erturbativ)m(ely)h(calculable,)f(and)g |
| | 24473 | (no)h(parton)f(distributions)244 4901 y(of)e(the)i(photon)f(are)g(in)m |
| | 24474 | (v)m(olv)m(ed.)61 b(The)38 b(t)m(ypical)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(structure)f(is) |
| | 24475 | f(t)m(w)m(o)g(high-)p Fj(p)3252 4916 y Fk(?)3348 4901 |
| | 24476 | y Fw(jets)h(and)f(a)244 5010 y(proton)32 b(remnan)m(t,)h(while)f(the)h |
| | 24477 | (photon)f(do)s(es)h(not)g(lea)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(ehind)f(an)m(y)h(remnan)m |
| | 24478 | (t.)145 5128 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(VMD)33 b(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(in)d(whic)m(h)h |
| | 24479 | (the)g(photon)f(\015uctuates)i(in)m(to)d(a)h(v)m(ector)i(meson,)f |
| | 24480 | (predominan)m(tly)e(a)244 5236 y Fj(\032)294 5200 y Fl(0)334 |
| | 24481 | 5236 y Fw(.)41 b(All)26 b(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(classes)g(kno)m(wn)g |
| | 24482 | (from)d(ordinary)h(hadron{hadron)g(in)m(teractions)g(ma)m(y)g(th)m(us) |
| | 24483 | 244 5344 y(o)s(ccur)38 b(here,)j(suc)m(h)f(as)e(elastic,)h |
| | 24484 | (di\013ractiv)m(e,)g(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)2160 5359 y Fk(?)2256 |
| | 24485 | 5344 y Fw(and)g(high-)p Fj(p)2719 5359 y Fk(?)2815 5344 |
| | 24486 | y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts.)62 b(F)-8 b(or)38 b(the)g(latter,)244 |
| | 24487 | 5453 y(one)45 b(ma)m(y)f(de\014ne)i(\(VMD\))e(parton)g(distributions)f |
| | 24488 | (of)h(the)h(photon,)i(and)e(the)g(photon)f(also)244 5561 |
| | 24489 | y(lea)m(v)m(es)35 b(b)s(ehind)f(a)g(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(t.)49 |
| | 24490 | b(This)34 b(remnan)m(t)g(is)g(smeared)g(in)g(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m |
| | 24491 | (tum)244 5669 y(b)m(y)d(a)g(t)m(ypical)e(`primordial)e |
| | 24492 | Fj(k)1335 5684 y Fk(?)1394 5669 y Fw(')k(of)f(a)g(few)h(h)m(undred)h |
| | 24493 | (MeV.)1817 5953 y(109)p eop |
| | 24494 | %%Page: 110 116 |
| | 24495 | 110 115 bop 145 -18 a Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Anomalous)29 b(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k |
| | 24496 | (in)c(whic)m(h)i(the)f(photon)g(\015uctuates)i(in)m(to)d(a)h(q)p |
| | 24497 | 2719 -71 52 4 v(q)h(pair)e(of)g(larger)g(virtualit)m(y)244 |
| | 24498 | 90 y(than)37 b(in)f(the)h(VMD)g(class.)57 b(This)37 b(pro)s(cess)h(is)e |
| | 24499 | (p)s(erturbativ)m(ely)h(calculable,)f(as)i(is)e(the)h(subse-)244 |
| | 24500 | 198 y(quen)m(t)j(QCD)e(ev)m(olution.)60 b(It)39 b(giv)m(es)g(rise)f(to) |
| | 24501 | g(the)h(so-called)e(anomalous)g(part)h(of)g(the)h(parton)244 |
| | 24502 | 307 y(distributions)32 b(ofthe)i(photon,)h(whence)g(the)g(name)e(for)g |
| | 24503 | (the)i(class.)47 b(It)34 b(is)g(assumed)g(that)g(only)244 |
| | 24504 | 415 y(high-)p Fj(p)511 430 y Fk(?)601 415 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(ma)m(y)e |
| | 24505 | (o)s(ccur.)44 b(Either)33 b(the)g(q)g(or)f(the)p 2250 |
| | 24506 | 362 V 34 w(q)h(pla)m(ys)g(the)g(r^)-49 b(ole)32 b(of)g(a)g(b)s(eam)g |
| | 24507 | (remnan)m(t,)244 523 y(but)f(this)f(remnan)m(t)h(has)g(a)g(larger)f |
| | 24508 | Fj(p)1571 538 y Fk(?)1660 523 y Fw(than)h(in)f(the)i(VMD)e(case,)j |
| | 24509 | (related)d(to)h(the)g(virtualit)m(y)e(of)244 632 y(the)k |
| | 24510 | Fj(\015)g Fn($)27 b Fw(q)p 674 579 V(q)33 b(\015uctuation.)0 |
| | 24511 | 745 y(The)44 b Fn(j)p Fj(`)280 708 y Fl(+)339 745 y Fj(`)380 |
| | 24512 | 708 y Fk(\000)439 745 y Fn(i)e Fw(states)i(can)g(only)e(in)m(teract)h |
| | 24513 | (strongly)g(with)g(partons)g(inside)g(the)g(hadron)g(at)g(higher)0 |
| | 24514 | 853 y(orders,)33 b(and)g(can)g(therefore)g(b)s(e)g(neglected.)146 |
| | 24515 | 961 y(In)28 b(order)f(that)g(the)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(classi\014cation)e |
| | 24516 | (is)h(smo)s(oth)f(and)h(free)h(of)f(double)g(coun)m(ting,)h(one)f(has)h |
| | 24517 | (to)0 1070 y(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(scales)h(that)e(separate)i(the)g(three)f |
| | 24518 | (comp)s(onen)m(ts.)43 b(The)29 b(main)d(one)j(is)e Fj(p)3018 |
| | 24519 | 1085 y Fl(0)3058 1070 y Fw(,)i(whic)m(h)f(separates)0 |
| | 24520 | 1178 y(the)38 b(lo)m(w-mass)f(v)m(ector)h(meson)g(region)e(from)h(the)g |
| | 24521 | (high-mass)g Fn(j)p Fw(q)p 2441 1125 V(q)p Fn(i)h Fw(one,)h |
| | 24522 | Fj(p)2830 1193 y Fl(0)2905 1178 y Fn(\031)e Fj(m)3104 |
| | 24523 | 1193 y Fh(\036)3150 1178 y Fj(=)p Fw(2)f Fn(\031)g Fw(0)p |
| | 24524 | Fj(:)p Fw(5)h(GeV.)0 1286 y(Since)23 b(it)g(is)g(the)g(same)h |
| | 24525 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(q)p 924 1233 V(q)24 b(v)m(ertex)h(that)e(is)g(resp)s |
| | 24526 | (onsible)g(for)g(the)h(bare)f Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)24 b(in)m(teractions,)g |
| | 24527 | Fj(p)3306 1301 y Fl(0)3369 1286 y Fw(is)f(also)f(the)0 |
| | 24528 | 1395 y(lo)m(w)m(er)29 b(cut-o\013)f(of)g(the)h(photon{parton)f(cross)i |
| | 24529 | (sections.)42 b(In)29 b(addition,)f(a)g Fj(p)2770 1410 |
| | 24530 | y Fk(?)p Fl(min)2975 1395 y Fw(cut-o\013)h(is)f(needed)i(to)0 |
| | 24531 | 1503 y(separate)e(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)606 1518 y Fk(?)691 |
| | 24532 | 1503 y Fw(and)f(high-)p Fj(p)1142 1518 y Fk(?)1226 1503 |
| | 24533 | y Fw(ph)m(ysics;)k(see)d(section)f(11.2.)41 b(As)28 b(it)d(turns)j |
| | 24534 | (out,)g(somewhat)f(di\013eren)m(t)0 1611 y Fj(p)49 1626 |
| | 24535 | y Fk(?)p Fl(min)255 1611 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(are)f(needed)j(for)d |
| | 24536 | (the)h(VMD)f(and)h(anomalous)e(parts;)j(at)e(least)g(qualitativ)m(ely)f |
| | 24537 | (this)h(can)0 1720 y(b)s(e)k(understo)s(o)s(d)g(in)f(terms)g(of)g |
| | 24538 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(sizes)g(of)f(the)h(w)m(a)m(v)m(e)i(functions.)146 |
| | 24539 | 1828 y(The)g(VMD)f(and)g(anomalous)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(are)e(together)g |
| | 24540 | (called)f(resolv)m(ed)i(ones.)48 b(In)34 b(terms)g(of)g(high-)0 |
| | 24541 | 1936 y Fj(p)49 1951 y Fk(?)144 1936 y Fw(jet)h(pro)s(duction,)h(the)g |
| | 24542 | (VMD)g(and)g(anomalous)e(con)m(tributions)h(can)h(b)s(e)f(com)m(bined)h |
| | 24543 | (in)m(to)f(a)g(total)0 2045 y(resolv)m(ed)40 b(one,)i(and)e(the)f(same) |
| | 24544 | h(for)f(parton-distribution)e(functions.)64 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)43 |
| | 24545 | b(the)d(t)m(w)m(o)h(classes)0 2153 y(di\013er)32 b(in)g(the)h |
| | 24546 | (structure)h(of)e(the)h(underlying)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(and)f(in)f(the)h |
| | 24547 | (app)s(earance)g(of)f(soft)g(pro)s(cesses.)146 2261 y(In)h(terms)g(of)f |
| | 24548 | (cross)h(sections,)h(eq.)f(\(105\))f(corresp)s(onds)i(to)1053 |
| | 24549 | 2464 y Fj(\033)1112 2416 y Fh(\015)t Fl(p)1108 2483 y(tot)1203 |
| | 24550 | 2464 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))27 b(=)h Fj(\033)1515 2416 |
| | 24551 | y Fh(\015)t Fl(p)1511 2489 y(dir)1602 2464 y Fw(\()p |
| | 24552 | Fj(s)p Fw(\))22 b(+)g Fj(\033)1903 2416 y Fh(\015)t Fl(p)1899 |
| | 24553 | 2488 y(VMD)2075 2464 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))g(+)g Fj(\033)2376 |
| | 24554 | 2423 y Fh(\015)t Fl(p)2372 2488 y(anom)2545 2464 y Fw(\()p |
| | 24555 | Fj(s)p Fw(\))32 b Fj(:)831 b Fw(\(106\))146 2666 y(The)34 |
| | 24556 | b(direct)f(cross)i(section)e(is,)g(to)g(lo)m(w)m(est)g(order,)h(the)g |
| | 24557 | (p)s(erturbativ)m(e)f(cross)h(section)g(for)e(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)0 |
| | 24558 | 2774 y(pro)s(cesses)39 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(q)35 b Fn(!)f |
| | 24559 | Fw(qg)k(and)f Fj(\015)5 b Fw(g)36 b Fn(!)e Fw(q)p 1360 |
| | 24560 | 2721 V(q)q(,)k(with)e(a)g(lo)m(w)m(er)h(cut-o\013)f Fj(p)2406 |
| | 24561 | 2789 y Fk(?)2500 2774 y Fj(>)f(p)2660 2789 y Fl(0)2699 |
| | 24562 | 2774 y Fw(.)56 b(Prop)s(erly)36 b(sp)s(eaking,)i(this)0 |
| | 24563 | 2883 y(should)32 b(b)s(e)h(m)m(ultiplied)d(b)m(y)j(the)g |
| | 24564 | Fj(Z)1276 2898 y Fl(3)1348 2883 y Fw(co)s(e\016cien)m(t,)708 |
| | 24565 | 3170 y Fj(Z)775 3185 y Fl(3)842 3170 y Fw(=)27 b(1)22 |
| | 24566 | b Fn(\000)1280 3087 y Fg(X)1116 3276 y Fh(V)15 b Fl(=)p |
| | 24567 | Fh(\032)1263 3258 y Ff(0)1298 3276 y Fh(;!)r(;\036;)p |
| | 24568 | Fl(J)p Fh(= )1582 3024 y Fg( )1689 3103 y Fj(e)p 1657 |
| | 24569 | 3147 110 4 v 1657 3238 a(f)1705 3253 y Fh(V)1776 3024 |
| | 24570 | y Fg(!)1842 3047 y Fl(2)1904 3170 y Fn(\000)2003 3024 |
| | 24571 | y Fg( )2120 3103 y Fj(e)p 2079 3147 127 4 v 2079 3238 |
| | 24572 | a(f)2127 3253 y Fl(q)p 2164 3215 38 4 v(q)2216 3024 y |
| | 24573 | Fg(!)2281 3047 y Fl(2)2343 3170 y Fn(\000)2500 3087 y |
| | 24574 | Fg(X)2443 3272 y Fh(`)p Fl(=e)p Fh(;\026;\034)2695 3024 |
| | 24575 | y Fg( )2803 3103 y Fj(e)p 2771 3147 110 4 v 2771 3238 |
| | 24576 | a(f)2819 3253 y Fh(``)2890 3024 y Fg(!)2956 3047 y Fl(2)3045 |
| | 24577 | 3170 y Fj(;)485 b Fw(\(107\))0 3473 y(but)33 b(normally)d |
| | 24578 | Fj(Z)655 3488 y Fl(3)727 3473 y Fw(is)i(so)h(close)f(to)g(unit)m(y)h |
| | 24579 | (as)g(to)f(mak)m(e)h(no)f(di\013erence.)146 3581 y(The)h(VMD)g(factor)e |
| | 24580 | (\()p Fj(e=f)1074 3596 y Fh(V)1135 3581 y Fw(\))1173 |
| | 24581 | 3545 y Fl(2)1240 3581 y Fw(=)d(4)p Fj(\031)t(\013)1514 |
| | 24582 | 3596 y Fl(em)1608 3581 y Fj(=f)1716 3545 y Fl(2)1705 |
| | 24583 | 3606 y Fh(V)1798 3581 y Fw(giv)m(es)k(the)h(probabilit)m(y)d(for)i(the) |
| | 24584 | g(transition)f Fj(\015)i Fn(!)27 b Fj(V)21 b Fw(.)0 3689 |
| | 24585 | y(The)34 b(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)h Fj(f)755 3653 y Fl(2)744 |
| | 24586 | 3714 y Fh(V)805 3689 y Fj(=)p Fw(4)p Fj(\031)i Fw(are)d(determined)f |
| | 24587 | (from)f(data)i(to)f(b)s(e)g(\(with)h(a)f(non-negligible)d(amoun)m(t)j |
| | 24588 | (of)0 3798 y(uncertain)m(t)m(y\))g(2.20)f(for)f Fj(\032)959 |
| | 24589 | 3762 y Fl(0)999 3798 y Fw(,)h(23.6)g(for)g Fj(!)t Fw(,)f(18.4)h(for)g |
| | 24590 | Fj(\036)g Fw(and)g(11.5)f(for)h(J)p Fj(= )t Fw(.)43 b(T)-8 |
| | 24591 | b(ogether)33 b(these)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)0 3906 y(imply)d(that)i(the)h |
| | 24592 | (photon)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(found)h(in)e(a)h(VMD)g(state)h(ab)s(out)f |
| | 24593 | (0.4\045)g(of)g(the)h(time,)e(dominated)0 4014 y(b)m(y)39 |
| | 24594 | b(the)f Fj(\032)364 3978 y Fl(0)441 4014 y Fw(con)m(tribution.)57 |
| | 24595 | b(All)36 b(the)i(prop)s(erties)g(of)f(the)h(VMD)g(in)m(teractions)f |
| | 24596 | (can)h(b)s(e)f(obtained)h(b)m(y)0 4123 y(appropriately)29 |
| | 24597 | b(scaling)f(do)m(wn)j Fj(V)22 b Fw(p)30 b(ph)m(ysics)h(predictions.)42 |
| | 24598 | b(Th)m(us)32 b(the)e(whole)g(mac)m(hinery)g(dev)m(elop)s(ed)0 |
| | 24599 | 4231 y(in)44 b(the)h(previous)f(subsection)i(for)e(hadron{hadron)g(in)m |
| | 24600 | (teractions)g(is)g(directly)g(applicable.)77 b(Also)0 |
| | 24601 | 4339 y(parton)36 b(distributions)e(of)i(the)h(VMD)f(comp)s(onen)m(t)g |
| | 24602 | (inside)f(the)i(photon)f(are)g(obtained)f(b)m(y)i(suitable)0 |
| | 24603 | 4448 y(rescaling.)146 4556 y(The)32 b(con)m(tribution)f(from)e(the)j |
| | 24604 | (`anomalous')e(high-mass)g(\015uctuations)h(dep)s(ends)i(on)e(the)g(t)m |
| | 24605 | (ypical)0 4664 y(scale)i Fj(\026)f Fw(of)g(the)h(in)m(teraction)1043 |
| | 24606 | 4806 y Fg( )1159 4885 y Fj(e)p 1119 4929 127 4 v 1119 |
| | 24607 | 5020 a(f)1167 5035 y Fl(q)p 1204 4997 38 4 v(q)1255 4806 |
| | 24608 | y Fg(!)1321 4829 y Fl(2)1388 4952 y Fn(\031)1503 4885 |
| | 24609 | y Fj(\013)1565 4900 y Fl(em)p 1503 4929 157 4 v 1528 |
| | 24610 | 5020 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1696 4885 y(N)1774 4900 y Fh(C)p |
| | 24611 | 1696 4929 138 4 v 1740 5020 a Fw(3)1877 4806 y Fg( )1942 |
| | 24612 | 4952 y Fw(2)2008 4869 y Fg(X)2049 5043 y Fl(q)2144 4952 |
| | 24613 | y Fj(e)2189 4911 y Fl(2)2189 4977 y(q)2231 4806 y Fg(!)2313 |
| | 24614 | 4952 y Fw(ln)2411 4806 y Fg( )2487 4885 y Fj(\026)2546 |
| | 24615 | 4848 y Fl(2)p 2487 4929 99 4 v 2492 5020 a Fj(p)2541 |
| | 24616 | 4986 y Fl(2)2541 5042 y(0)2595 4806 y Fg(!)2710 4952 |
| | 24617 | y Fj(;)820 b Fw(\(108\))0 5236 y(where)43 b Fj(N)369 |
| | 24618 | 5251 y Fh(C)471 5236 y Fw(=)g(3)e(and)h(q)g(runs)g(o)m(v)m(er)g(the)g |
| | 24619 | (quarks)h(that)f(can)f(b)s(e)h(tak)m(en)h(massless)e(compared)h(with)0 |
| | 24620 | 5344 y Fj(\026)p Fw(.)63 b(The)40 b(logarithmic)35 b(increase)k(with)g |
| | 24621 | Fj(\026)g Fw(implies)d(that)j(the)h(anomalous)d(con)m(tribution)h(to)h |
| | 24622 | (the)g(to-)0 5453 y(tal)g(photopro)s(duction)g(cross)i(section)g(\()p |
| | 24623 | Fj(\026)f Fn(\030)h Fj(m)1822 5468 y Fh(V)1883 5453 y |
| | 24624 | Fw(\))f(is)g(less)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)f(than)h(that)g(to)g(high-)p |
| | 24625 | Fj(p)3571 5468 y Fk(?)3668 5453 y Fw(jet)0 5561 y(pro)s(duction)34 |
| | 24626 | b(\()p Fj(\026)c Fn(\030)h Fj(p)782 5576 y Fk(?)841 5561 |
| | 24627 | y Fw(\).)48 b(T)-8 b(o)34 b(\014rst)h(appro)m(ximation,)e(therefore)i |
| | 24628 | (only)e(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)i(jet)f(pro)s(duction)0 5669 |
| | 24629 | y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)42 b(some)g Fj(p)588 5684 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)806 |
| | 24630 | 5669 y Fw(scale)f(is)g(considered.)71 b(This)42 b(includes)f(the)h |
| | 24631 | (standard)g(QCD)f(parton{parton)1817 5953 y(110)p eop |
| | 24632 | %%Page: 111 117 |
| | 24633 | 111 116 bop 0 -18 a Fw(scattering)28 b(pro)s(cesses,)j(with)d |
| | 24634 | (anomalous-photon)e(parton)h(distributions)g(that)h(are)g(fully)f(p)s |
| | 24635 | (erturba-)0 90 y(tiv)m(ely)j(calculable)f([Sc)m(h95)q(].)42 |
| | 24636 | b(In)31 b(order)g(to)f(satisfy)g(the)h(equalit)m(y)f(in)g(eq.)h |
| | 24637 | (\(106\),)g(with)f(the)h(total)e(cross)0 198 y(section)j(kno)m(wn)i |
| | 24638 | (and)e(the)g(direct)g(and)h(VDM)f(con)m(tributions)f(already)h |
| | 24639 | (\014xed,)h(a)f(b)s(eha)m(viour)g(roughly)0 307 y(lik)m(e)1039 |
| | 24640 | 415 y Fj(p)1088 374 y Fl(anom)1088 440 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1264 |
| | 24641 | 415 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))c(=)f(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(70)22 |
| | 24642 | b(+)g(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(17)17 b(log)2127 372 y Fl(2)2166 |
| | 24643 | 415 y Fw(\(1)p Fj(:)22 b Fw(+)g(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(05)2574 |
| | 24644 | 339 y Fn(p)p 2657 339 46 4 v 76 x Fj(s)p Fw(\))816 b(\(109\))0 |
| | 24645 | 577 y(is)49 b(needed)h(o)m(v)m(er)h(the)e(HERA)h(energy)g(range.)93 |
| | 24646 | b(This)49 b(is)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(seen)h(en)m(tirely)f(as)h(a)e(pragmatic)0 |
| | 24647 | 686 y(parametrization,)28 b(not)i(b)s(e)h(giv)m(en)f(an)m(y)h(fundamen) |
| | 24648 | m(tal)f(in)m(terpretation.)41 b(It)31 b(is)e(based)j(on)e(SaS)g(set)h |
| | 24649 | (1D,)0 794 y(another)i(set)g(migh)m(t)e(w)m(ell)h(require)h(a)f |
| | 24650 | (somewhat)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(form.)146 902 y(In)40 b |
| | 24651 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)44 b Fw(ph)m(ysics)d([Sc)m(h94a)q(],)g(the)f(sup)s |
| | 24652 | (erp)s(osition)e(in)h(eq.)h(\(105\))f(applies)f(separately)i(for)f(eac) |
| | 24653 | m(h)h(of)0 1011 y(the)31 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(incoming)c(photons.)44 |
| | 24654 | b(In)31 b(total)e(there)j(are)e(therefore)i(3)18 b Fn(\002)h |
| | 24655 | Fw(3)28 b(=)f(9)k(com)m(binations.)41 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)0 |
| | 24656 | 1119 y(trivial)36 b(symmetry)j(reduces)i(this)e(to)g(six)f(distinct)h |
| | 24657 | (classes,)i(written)e(in)f(terms)h(of)g(the)g(total)f(cross)0 |
| | 24658 | 1227 y(section)33 b(\(cf.)43 b(eq.)34 b(\(106\)\))d(as)629 |
| | 24659 | 1435 y Fj(\033)688 1388 y Fh(\015)t(\015)684 1455 y Fl(tot)779 |
| | 24660 | 1435 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))83 b(=)g Fj(\033)1202 1388 |
| | 24661 | y Fh(\015)t(\015)1198 1460 y Fl(dir)o Fk(\002)p Fl(dir)1430 |
| | 24662 | 1435 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))22 b(+)g Fj(\033)1731 1388 |
| | 24663 | y Fh(\015)t(\015)1727 1460 y Fl(VMD)p Fk(\002)p Fl(VMD)2129 |
| | 24664 | 1435 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))g(+)g Fj(\033)2430 1388 y |
| | 24665 | Fh(\015)t(\015)2426 1454 y Fl(anom)p Fk(\002)p Fl(anom)2823 |
| | 24666 | 1435 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))984 1568 y(+)83 b(2)p Fj(\033)1251 |
| | 24667 | 1521 y Fh(\015)t(\015)1247 1594 y Fl(dir)o Fk(\002)p |
| | 24668 | Fl(VMD)1564 1568 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))22 b(+)g(2)p |
| | 24669 | Fj(\033)1914 1521 y Fh(\015)t(\015)1910 1594 y Fl(dir)o |
| | 24670 | Fk(\002)p Fl(anom)2224 1568 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))g(+)g(2)p |
| | 24671 | Fj(\033)2574 1521 y Fh(\015)t(\015)2570 1593 y Fl(VMD)o |
| | 24672 | Fk(\002)p Fl(anom)2969 1568 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))32 |
| | 24673 | b Fj(:)407 b Fw(\(110\))0 1776 y(A)31 b(parametrization)e(of)h(the)i |
| | 24674 | (total)d Fj(\015)5 b(\015)36 b Fw(cross)c(section)f(and)g(commen)m(ts)g |
| | 24675 | (on)g(its)g(sub)s(division)f(in)m(to)g(the)0 1885 y(six)j(classes)g(is) |
| | 24676 | f(found)h(in)f([Sc)m(h94a].)146 1993 y(The)i(six)e(di\013eren)m(t)h |
| | 24677 | (kinds)g(of)f Fj(\015)5 b(\015)38 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)d(are)d(th)m(us:) |
| | 24678 | 145 2106 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)36 b(direct)p Fn(\002)p |
| | 24679 | Fw(direct)g(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(whic)m(h)d(corresp)s(ond)g(to)f(the)h |
| | 24680 | (subpro)s(cess)i Fj(\015)5 b(\015)38 b Fn(!)32 b Fw(q)p |
| | 24681 | 3267 2053 52 4 v(q)k(\(or)g Fj(`)3556 2070 y Fl(+)3615 |
| | 24682 | 2106 y Fj(`)3656 2070 y Fk(\000)3714 2106 y Fw(\).)244 |
| | 24683 | 2215 y(The)g(t)m(ypical)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(structure)g(is)e(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 24684 | (high-)p Fj(p)2006 2230 y Fk(?)2099 2215 y Fw(jets)g(and)g(no)f(b)s |
| | 24685 | (eam)g(remnan)m(ts.)53 b(The)36 b(lo)m(w)m(er)244 2323 |
| | 24686 | y(cut-o\013)c(is)g Fj(p)697 2338 y Fk(?)784 2323 y Fj(>)27 |
| | 24687 | b(p)936 2338 y Fl(0)976 2323 y Fw(.)145 2441 y Fn(\017)49 |
| | 24688 | b Fw(The)39 b(VMD)p Fn(\002)p Fw(VMD)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(whic)m(h)d(ha)m |
| | 24689 | (v)m(e)h(the)f(same)g(prop)s(erties)g(as)f(the)i(VMD)e |
| | 24690 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)38 b(ev)m(en)m(ts.)244 2549 y(There)f(are)g(four)f(b)m |
| | 24691 | (y)h(four)f(com)m(binations)f(of)g(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)g(incoming)d(v)m |
| | 24692 | (ector)j(mesons,)h(with)e(one)244 2657 y(VMD)c(factor)h(for)f(eac)m(h)h |
| | 24693 | (meson.)145 2775 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)39 b(anomalous)p |
| | 24694 | Fn(\002)p Fw(anomalous)d(ev)m(en)m(ts,)42 b(wherein)d(eac)m(h)h(photon) |
| | 24695 | e(\015uctuates)i(in)m(to)e(a)g(q)p 3521 2722 V(q)i(pair)244 |
| | 24696 | 2883 y(of)c(larger)g(virtualit)m(y)f(than)h(in)g(the)h(VMD)g(class.)56 |
| | 24697 | b(One)37 b(parton)f(of)g(eac)m(h)i(pair)e(giv)m(es)h(a)f(b)s(eam)244 |
| | 24698 | 2992 y(remnan)m(t,)29 b(whereas)g(the)f(other)g(\(or)f(a)h(daugh)m(ter) |
| | 24699 | g(parton)g(thereof)7 b(\))27 b(participates)g(in)g(a)h(high-)p |
| | 24700 | Fj(p)3722 3007 y Fk(?)244 3100 y Fw(scattering,)k(with)h |
| | 24701 | Fj(p)993 3115 y Fk(?)1079 3100 y Fj(>)28 b(p)1232 3064 |
| | 24702 | y Fl(anom)1232 3125 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1408 3100 y Fw(.)145 |
| | 24703 | 3218 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)33 b(direct)p Fn(\002)p Fw(VMD)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 24704 | (ts,)i(whic)m(h)e(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)f(same)g(prop)s(erties)f(as)h(the)g |
| | 24705 | (direct)f Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)33 b(ev)m(en)m(ts.)145 3336 |
| | 24706 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)31 b(direct)p Fn(\002)p Fw(anomalous)e(ev)m(en)m |
| | 24707 | (ts,)k(in)c(whic)m(h)i(a)f(bare)g(photon)h(in)m(teracts)f(with)g(a)g |
| | 24708 | (parton)g(from)244 3444 y(the)k(anomalous)e(photon.)48 |
| | 24709 | b(The)34 b(lo)m(w)m(er)g(cut-o\013)g(for)f(the)h(hard)g(scattering)g |
| | 24710 | (is)f(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)h Fj(p)3576 3408 y Fl(anom)3576 |
| | 24711 | 3469 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)3752 3444 y Fw(.)244 3552 y(The)e(t)m(ypical)f |
| | 24712 | (structure)i(is)e(then)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(high-)p Fj(p)1954 |
| | 24713 | 3567 y Fk(?)2044 3552 y Fw(jets)f(and)g(a)f(b)s(eam)g(remnan)m(t.)145 |
| | 24714 | 3670 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)30 b(VMD)p Fn(\002)p Fw(anomalous)d(ev)m(en) |
| | 24715 | m(ts,)32 b(whic)m(h)d(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)e(same)f(prop)s(erties)h(as)g |
| | 24716 | (the)g(anomalous)e Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)244 3779 y(ev)m(en)m(ts.)0 |
| | 24717 | 3892 y(In)26 b(m)m(uc)m(h)h(of)e(the)i(literature,)f(where)h(a)f |
| | 24718 | (coarser)g(classi\014cation)f(us)i(used,)h(our)e(direct)p |
| | 24719 | Fn(\002)p Fw(direct)g(is)g(called)0 4000 y(direct,)f(our)f(direct)p |
| | 24720 | Fn(\002)p Fw(VMD)g(and)f(direct)p Fn(\002)p Fw(anomalous)g(is)g(called) |
| | 24721 | f(1-resolv)m(ed)i(since)g(they)h(b)s(oth)e(in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)0 |
| | 24722 | 4108 y(one)32 b(resolv)m(ed)g(photon)g(whic)m(h)g(giv)m(es)g(a)f(b)s |
| | 24723 | (eam)g(remnan)m(t,)g(and)h(the)g(rest)g(are)g(called)e(2-resolv)m(es)i |
| | 24724 | (since)0 4217 y(b)s(oth)g(photons)h(are)g(resolv)m(ed)g(and)g(giv)m(e)g |
| | 24725 | (b)s(eam)e(remnan)m(ts.)1817 5953 y(111)p eop |
| | 24726 | %%Page: 112 118 |
| | 24727 | 112 117 bop 0 -18 a Ft(8)161 b(Ph)l(ysics)53 b(Pro)t(cesses)g(in)h |
| | 24728 | (PYTHIA)0 189 y Fw(In)26 b(this)f(section)h(w)m(e)h(en)m(umerate)f(the) |
| | 24729 | h(ph)m(ysics)g(pro)s(cesses)h(that)d(are)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)23 |
| | 24730 | b(in)i Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)i(in)m(tro)s(duc-)0 297 y(ing)34 |
| | 24731 | b(the)h(ISUB)h(co)s(de)f(that)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(used)h(to)f(select)g |
| | 24732 | (desired)h(pro)s(cesses.)53 b(A)35 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(commen)m |
| | 24733 | (ts)0 405 y(are)45 b(made)g(ab)s(out)g(the)h(ph)m(ysics)h(scenarios)f |
| | 24734 | (in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed,)j(in)44 b(particular)g(with)h(resp)s(ect)i(to)e |
| | 24735 | (underly-)0 514 y(ing)36 b(assumptions)h(and)g(domain)f(of)g(v)-5 |
| | 24736 | b(alidit)m(y)d(.)55 b(The)38 b(section)g(closes)f(with)g(a)g(surv)m(ey) |
| | 24737 | i(of)e(in)m(teresting)0 622 y(pro)s(cesses)e(b)m(y)e(mac)m(hine.)0 |
| | 24738 | 896 y Fp(8.1)135 b(The)45 b(Pro)t(cess)g(Classi\014cation)h(Sc)l(heme)0 |
| | 24739 | 1068 y Fw(A)34 b(wide)g(selection)g(of)g(fundamen)m(tal)f(2)d |
| | 24740 | Fn(!)g Fw(1)k(and)g(2)d Fn(!)f Fw(2)j(tree)i(pro)s(cesses)h(of)e(the)h |
| | 24741 | (Standard)f(Mo)s(del)0 1177 y(\(electro)m(w)m(eak)h(and)g(strong\))f |
| | 24742 | (has)g(b)s(een)h(included)f(in)f Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)h(and)h(slots)e(are)h |
| | 24743 | (pro)m(vided)h(for)e(man)m(y)0 1285 y(more,)28 b(not)f(y)m(et)i |
| | 24744 | (implemen)m(ted.)41 b(In)27 b(addition,)g(a)h(few)g(`minim)m |
| | 24745 | (um-bias'-t)m(yp)s(e)c(pro)s(cesses)30 b(\(lik)m(e)c(elastic)0 |
| | 24746 | 1394 y(scattering\),)38 b(lo)s(op)e(graphs,)j(b)s(o)m(x)f(graphs,)h(2)c |
| | 24747 | Fn(!)h Fw(3)h(tree)h(graphs)f(and)h(some)f(non-Standard)g(Mo)s(del)0 |
| | 24748 | 1502 y(pro)s(cesses)g(are)e(included.)49 b(The)36 b(classi\014cation)d |
| | 24749 | (is)h(not)h(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(unique.)51 b(A)35 b(pro)s(cess)h(that)e(pro) |
| | 24750 | s(ceeds)0 1610 y(only)j(via)f(an)h Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)g(state)h(is)f |
| | 24751 | (classi\014ed)g(as)g(a)g(2)f Fn(!)f Fw(1)i(pro)s(cess)h(\(e.g.)58 |
| | 24752 | b(q)p 2873 1557 52 4 v(q)36 b Fn(!)g Fj(\015)3152 1574 |
| | 24753 | y Fk(\003)3191 1610 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3300 1574 y Fl(0)3374 |
| | 24754 | 1610 y Fn(!)g Fw(e)3553 1574 y Fl(+)3612 1610 y Fw(e)3655 |
| | 24755 | 1574 y Fk(\000)3714 1610 y Fw(\),)0 1719 y(but)30 b(a)g(2)d |
| | 24756 | Fn(!)h Fw(2)h(cross)i(section)f(ma)m(y)g(w)m(ell)f(ha)m(v)m(e)j(con)m |
| | 24757 | (tributions)d(from)g Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)h(diagrams)e(\(gg)g |
| | 24758 | Fn(!)g Fw(gg)0 1827 y(obtains)41 b(con)m(tributions)g(from)f(gg)k |
| | 24759 | Fn(!)f Fw(g)1528 1791 y Fk(\003)1610 1827 y Fn(!)g Fw(gg)q(\).)70 |
| | 24760 | b(Also,)43 b(in)e(the)h(program,)g(2)h Fn(!)g Fw(1)e(and)g(2)i |
| | 24761 | Fn(!)g Fw(2)0 1935 y(graphs)d(ma)m(y)g(sometimes)f(b)s(e)h(folded)f |
| | 24762 | (with)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(1)g Fn(!)g Fw(2)f(splittings)f(to)i(form)f |
| | 24763 | (e\013ectiv)m(e)i(2)e Fn(!)h Fw(3)g(or)0 2044 y(2)49 |
| | 24764 | b Fn(!)g Fw(4)44 b(pro)s(cesses)k(\(W)914 2007 y Fl(+)973 |
| | 24765 | 2044 y Fw(W)1074 2007 y Fk(\000)1183 2044 y Fn(!)h Fw(H)1405 |
| | 24766 | 2007 y Fl(0)1489 2044 y Fw(is)c(folded)f(with)h(q)50 |
| | 24767 | b Fn(!)e Fw(q)2437 2007 y Fk(00)2480 2044 y Fw(W)2581 |
| | 24768 | 2007 y Fl(+)2686 2044 y Fw(and)d(q)2939 2007 y Fk(0)3012 |
| | 24769 | 2044 y Fn(!)k Fw(q)3212 2007 y Fk(000)3274 2044 y Fw(W)3375 |
| | 24770 | 2007 y Fk(\000)3480 2044 y Fw(to)c(giv)m(e)0 2152 y(qq)102 |
| | 24771 | 2116 y Fk(0)154 2152 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(q)332 2116 y Fk(00)375 |
| | 24772 | 2152 y Fw(q)426 2116 y Fk(000)488 2152 y Fw(H)561 2116 |
| | 24773 | y Fl(0)601 2152 y Fw(\).)146 2260 y(It)33 b(is)e(p)s(ossible)h(to)g |
| | 24774 | (select)h(a)f(com)m(bination)e(of)i(subpro)s(cesses)j(to)d(sim)m |
| | 24775 | (ulate,)f(and)h(also)g(afterw)m(ards)0 2369 y(to)47 b(kno)m(w)i(whic)m |
| | 24776 | (h)f(subpro)s(cess)h(w)m(as)g(actually)d(selected)i(in)f(eac)m(h)i(ev)m |
| | 24777 | (en)m(t.)90 b(F)-8 b(or)46 b(this)h(purp)s(ose,)53 b(all)0 |
| | 24778 | 2477 y(subpro)s(cesses)32 b(are)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(ered)g(according)g(to)f |
| | 24779 | (an)h(ISUB)g(co)s(de.)43 b(The)29 b(list)f(of)g(p)s(ossible)g(co)s(des) |
| | 24780 | i(is)e(giv)m(en)0 2585 y(in)c(T)-8 b(ables)24 b(11,)i(12,)g(13)e(and)g |
| | 24781 | (14.)41 b(Only)24 b(pro)s(cesses)i(mark)m(ed)f(with)f(a)h(`+')f(sign)g |
| | 24782 | (in)g(the)h(\014rst)g(column)e(ha)m(v)m(e)0 2694 y(b)s(een)29 |
| | 24783 | b(implemen)m(ted)d(in)i(the)g(program)f(to)g(date.)43 |
| | 24784 | b(Although)27 b(ISUB)h(co)s(des)h(w)m(ere)h(originally)24 |
| | 24785 | b(designed)0 2802 y(in)37 b(a)h(logical)e(fashion,)j(w)m(e)g(m)m(ust)f |
| | 24786 | (admit)f(that)h(subsequen)m(t)j(dev)m(elopmen)m(ts)f(of)e(the)g |
| | 24787 | (program)f(ha)m(v)m(e)0 2910 y(tended)d(to)e(obscure)i(the)f |
| | 24788 | (structure.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(instance,)h(the)g(pro)s(cess)h(n)m(um)m |
| | 24789 | (b)s(ers)f(for)f(Higgs)g(pro)s(duction)0 3019 y(are)43 |
| | 24790 | b(spread)g(out,)j(in)c(part)g(as)h(a)g(consequence)j(of)c(the)h |
| | 24791 | (original)d(classi\014cation,)k(in)e(part)g(b)s(ecause)0 |
| | 24792 | 3127 y(further)h(pro)s(duction)f(mec)m(hanisms)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f |
| | 24793 | (added)h(one)f(at)f(a)h(time,)h(in)e(whatev)m(er)j(free)e(slots)0 |
| | 24794 | 3235 y(could)d(b)s(e)h(found.)69 b(A)m(t)41 b(some)g(future)g(date)g |
| | 24795 | (the)g(subpro)s(cess)i(list)d(will)e(therefore)k(b)s(e)f(reorganized.)0 |
| | 24796 | 3344 y(In)j(the)h(thematic)d(descriptions)i(that)g(follo)m(w)e(the)i |
| | 24797 | (main)f(tables,)j(the)f(pro)s(cesses)h(of)d(in)m(terest)h(are)0 |
| | 24798 | 3452 y(rep)s(eated)f(in)d(a)i(more)f(logical)e(order.)71 |
| | 24799 | b(If)42 b(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)e(lo)s(ok)g(for)g(a)g(sp)s(eci\014c) |
| | 24800 | i(pro)s(cess,)i(it)c(will)e(b)s(e)0 3560 y(easier)33 |
| | 24801 | b(to)f(\014nd)h(it)e(there.)146 3669 y(In)36 b(the)f(follo)m(wing,)e(f) |
| | 24802 | 913 3684 y Fh(i)977 3669 y Fw(represen)m(ts)k(a)e(fundamen)m(tal)f |
| | 24803 | (fermion)g(of)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)i Fj(i)p Fw(,)g(i.e.)51 |
| | 24804 | b(d,)36 b(u,)g(s,)g(c,)g(b,)g(t,)0 3777 y(l,)h(h,)h(e)254 |
| | 24805 | 3741 y Fk(\000)313 3777 y Fw(,)g Fj(\027)426 3792 y Fl(e)462 |
| | 24806 | 3777 y Fw(,)g Fj(\026)586 3741 y Fk(\000)645 3777 y Fw(,)g |
| | 24807 | Fj(\027)758 3792 y Fh(\026)804 3777 y Fw(,)g Fj(\034)922 |
| | 24808 | 3741 y Fk(\000)982 3777 y Fw(,)g Fj(\027)1095 3792 y |
| | 24809 | Fh(\034)1138 3777 y Fw(,)g Fj(\037)1264 3741 y Fk(\000)1360 |
| | 24810 | 3777 y Fw(or)e Fj(\027)1531 3792 y Fh(\037)1579 3777 |
| | 24811 | y Fw(.)56 b(A)37 b(corresp)s(onding)g(an)m(tifermion)d(is)j(denoted)g |
| | 24812 | (b)m(y)p 3542 3698 37 4 v 38 w(f)3579 3792 y Fh(i)3607 |
| | 24813 | 3777 y Fw(.)56 b(In)0 3885 y(sev)m(eral)39 b(cases,)i(some)c(classes)i |
| | 24814 | (of)f(fermions)f(are)h(explicitly)e(excluded,)k(since)f(they)g(do)f |
| | 24815 | (not)g(couple)0 3994 y(to)c(the)g(g)h(or)f Fj(\015)39 |
| | 24816 | b Fw(\(no)34 b(e)803 3958 y Fl(+)863 3994 y Fw(e)906 |
| | 24817 | 3958 y Fk(\000)995 3994 y Fn(!)c Fw(gg)q(,)35 b(e.g.\).)48 |
| | 24818 | b(When)35 b(pro)s(cesses)h(ha)m(v)m(e)f(only)f(b)s(een)h(included)f |
| | 24819 | (for)f(quarks,)0 4102 y(while)f(leptons)g(migh)m(t)f(also)g(ha)m(v)m(e) |
| | 24820 | j(b)s(een)f(p)s(ossible,)f(the)h(notation)e(q)2523 4117 |
| | 24821 | y Fh(i)2584 4102 y Fw(is)h(used.)44 b(A)33 b(lepton)f(is)g(denoted)0 |
| | 24822 | 4210 y(b)m(y)41 b Fj(`)p Fw(;)j(in)39 b(a)h(few)g(cases)i(neutrinos)e |
| | 24823 | (are)g(also)f(lump)s(ed)g(under)i(this)e(heading.)66 |
| | 24824 | b(In)40 b(pro)s(cesses)i(where)0 4319 y(fermion)32 b(masses)i(are)g |
| | 24825 | (explicitly)d(included)i(in)g(the)h(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts,)i(an)f(F)h |
| | 24826 | (is)f(used)h(to)f(denote)i(an)0 4427 y(arbitrary)j(fermion)g(and)i(a)f |
| | 24827 | (Q)g(a)g(quark.)64 b(Fla)m(v)m(ours)40 b(app)s(earing)e(already)h(in)f |
| | 24828 | (the)i(initial)c(state)j(are)0 4535 y(denoted)34 b(b)m(y)h(indices)e |
| | 24829 | Fj(i)h Fw(and)f Fj(j)6 b Fw(,)34 b(whereas)h(new)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h |
| | 24830 | (in)e(the)h(\014nal)f(state)h(are)f(denoted)h(b)m(y)h |
| | 24831 | Fj(k)h Fw(and)0 4644 y Fj(l)r Fw(.)146 4752 y(Charge-conjugate)29 |
| | 24832 | b(c)m(hannels)h(are)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(assumed)h(included)e(as)h(w)m(ell) |
| | 24833 | e(\(where)j(separate\),)g(and)0 4860 y(pro)s(cesses)35 |
| | 24834 | b(in)m(v)m(olving)d(a)h(W)1023 4824 y Fl(+)1115 4860 |
| | 24835 | y Fw(also)g(imply)e(those)j(in)m(v)m(olving)d(a)i(W)2442 |
| | 24836 | 4824 y Fk(\000)2502 4860 y Fw(.)45 b(Wherev)m(er)35 b(Z)3076 |
| | 24837 | 4824 y Fl(0)3148 4860 y Fw(is)e(written,)g(it)f(is)0 |
| | 24838 | 4969 y(understo)s(o)s(d)k(that)f Fj(\015)783 4933 y Fk(\003)859 |
| | 24839 | 4969 y Fw(and)g Fj(\015)1107 4933 y Fk(\003)1147 4969 |
| | 24840 | y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1256 4933 y Fl(0)1330 4969 y Fw(in)m(terference)i(should) |
| | 24841 | e(b)s(e)h(included)g(as)f(w)m(ell)g(\(with)g(p)s(ossibilities)0 |
| | 24842 | 5077 y(to)29 b(switc)m(h)h(o\013)e(either,)i(if)e(so)h(desired\).)43 |
| | 24843 | b(In)30 b(some)f(cases)h(this)f(is)g(not)g(fully)e(implemen)m(ted,)i |
| | 24844 | (see)h(further)0 5186 y(b)s(elo)m(w.)63 b(Corresp)s(ondingly)-8 |
| | 24845 | b(,)40 b(Z)1153 5149 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1251 5186 y Fw(denotes)g(the)g |
| | 24846 | (complete)e(set)i Fj(\015)2418 5149 y Fk(\003)2457 5186 |
| | 24847 | y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2566 5149 y Fl(0)2605 5186 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2714 |
| | 24848 | 5149 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2811 5186 y Fw(\(or)f(some)g(subset)i(of)d(it\).)0 |
| | 24849 | 5294 y(Th)m(us)c(the)f(notation)e Fj(\015)38 b Fw(is)32 |
| | 24850 | b(only)g(used)i(for)e(a)g(photon)h(on)f(the)h(mass)g(shell.)146 |
| | 24851 | 5402 y(In)48 b(the)g(last)f(column)g(of)g(the)h(tables)f(b)s(elo)m(w,)k |
| | 24852 | (references)f(are)e(giv)m(en)f(to)h(w)m(orks)h(from)d(whic)m(h)0 |
| | 24853 | 5511 y(form)m(ulae)37 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)g(tak)m(en.)61 |
| | 24854 | b(Sometimes)37 b(these)j(references)g(are)e(to)g(the)h(original)34 |
| | 24855 | b(w)m(orks)40 b(on)e(the)0 5619 y(sub)5 b(ject,)32 b(sometimes)c(only)g |
| | 24856 | (to)h(the)g(place)g(where)h(the)g(form)m(ulae)d(are)i(giv)m(en)h(in)e |
| | 24857 | (the)h(most)g(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)1817 5953 y(112)p eop |
| | 24858 | %%Page: 113 119 |
| | 24859 | 113 118 bop 0 42 a Fw(T)-8 b(able)37 b(11:)52 b(Subpro)s(cess)39 |
| | 24860 | b(co)s(des,)g(part)e(1.)57 b(First)37 b(column)f(is)g(`+')i(for)e(pro)s |
| | 24861 | (cesses)k(implemen)m(ted)35 b(and)0 151 y(blank)e(for)f(those)i(that)e |
| | 24862 | (are)h(only)g(foreseen.)45 b(Second)34 b(is)f(the)g(subpro)s(cess)i(n)m |
| | 24863 | (um)m(b)s(er)e Fq(ISUB)p Fw(,)h(and)f(third)0 259 y(the)41 |
| | 24864 | b(description)g(of)f(the)i(pro)s(cess.)70 b(The)42 b(\014nal)e(column)g |
| | 24865 | (giv)m(es)h(references)i(from)d(whic)m(h)h(the)h(cross)0 |
| | 24866 | 367 y(sections)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(obtained.)43 |
| | 24867 | b(See)34 b(text)f(for)f(further)h(information.)p 565 |
| | 24868 | 487 2651 4 v 563 607 4 121 v 614 575 a(In)p 752 607 V |
| | 24869 | 100 w(No.)p 1001 607 V 100 w(Subpro)s(cess)p 1833 607 |
| | 24870 | V 364 w(Reference)p 3212 607 V 565 611 2651 4 v 563 731 |
| | 24871 | 4 121 v 752 731 V 1001 731 V 1052 699 a(a\))f(2)c Fn(!)f |
| | 24872 | Fw(1,)32 b(tree)p 1833 731 V 3212 731 V 563 851 V 621 |
| | 24873 | 819 a(+)p 752 851 V 207 w(1)p 1001 851 V 99 w(f)1082 |
| | 24874 | 834 y Fh(i)p 1110 740 37 4 v 1110 819 a Fw(f)1147 834 |
| | 24875 | y Fh(i)1203 819 y Fn(!)27 b Fj(\015)1386 783 y Fk(\003)1425 |
| | 24876 | 819 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1534 783 y Fl(0)p 1833 851 4 121 v |
| | 24877 | 1884 819 a Fw([Eic84])p 3212 851 V 563 972 V 621 939 |
| | 24878 | a(+)p 752 972 V 207 w(2)p 1001 972 V 99 w(f)1082 954 |
| | 24879 | y Fh(i)p 1110 860 37 4 v 1110 939 a Fw(f)1147 954 y Fh(j)1211 |
| | 24880 | 939 y Fn(!)g Fw(W)1439 903 y Fl(+)p 1833 972 4 121 v |
| | 24881 | 1884 939 a Fw([Eic84])p 3212 972 V 563 1092 V 621 1060 |
| | 24882 | a(+)p 752 1092 V 207 w(3)p 1001 1092 V 99 w(f)1082 1075 |
| | 24883 | y Fh(i)p 1110 981 37 4 v 1110 1060 a Fw(f)1147 1075 y |
| | 24884 | Fh(i)1203 1060 y Fn(!)g Fw(H)1403 1024 y Fl(0)p 1833 |
| | 24885 | 1092 4 121 v 1884 1060 a Fw([Eic84])p 3212 1092 V 563 |
| | 24886 | 1213 V 752 1213 V 904 1180 a(4)p 1001 1213 V 99 w Fj(\015)5 |
| | 24887 | b Fw(W)1209 1144 y Fl(+)1296 1180 y Fn(!)28 b Fw(W)1525 |
| | 24888 | 1144 y Fl(+)p 1833 1213 V 3212 1213 V 563 1333 V 621 |
| | 24889 | 1301 a Fw(+)p 752 1333 V 207 w(5)p 1001 1333 V 99 w(Z)1112 |
| | 24890 | 1264 y Fl(0)1151 1301 y Fw(Z)1211 1264 y Fl(0)1278 1301 |
| | 24891 | y Fn(!)f Fw(H)1478 1264 y Fl(0)p 1833 1333 V 1884 1301 |
| | 24892 | a Fw([Eic84,)33 b(Cha85])p 3212 1333 V 563 1453 V 752 |
| | 24893 | 1453 V 904 1421 a(6)p 1001 1453 V 99 w(Z)1112 1385 y |
| | 24894 | Fl(0)1151 1421 y Fw(W)1252 1385 y Fl(+)1339 1421 y Fn(!)28 |
| | 24895 | b Fw(W)1568 1385 y Fl(+)p 1833 1453 V 3212 1453 V 563 |
| | 24896 | 1574 V 752 1574 V 904 1541 a Fw(7)p 1001 1574 V 99 w(W)1153 |
| | 24897 | 1505 y Fl(+)1213 1541 y Fw(W)1314 1505 y Fk(\000)1401 |
| | 24898 | 1541 y Fn(!)f Fw(Z)1588 1505 y Fl(0)p 1833 1574 V 3212 |
| | 24899 | 1574 V 563 1694 V 621 1662 a Fw(+)p 752 1694 V 207 w(8)p |
| | 24900 | 1001 1694 V 99 w(W)1153 1626 y Fl(+)1213 1662 y Fw(W)1314 |
| | 24901 | 1626 y Fk(\000)1401 1662 y Fn(!)g Fw(H)1601 1626 y Fl(0)p |
| | 24902 | 1833 1694 V 1884 1662 a Fw([Eic84,)33 b(Cha85])p 3212 |
| | 24903 | 1694 V 565 1697 2651 4 v 563 1818 4 121 v 752 1818 V |
| | 24904 | 1001 1818 V 1052 1785 a(b\))g(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(2,)33 |
| | 24905 | b(tree)p 1833 1818 V 3212 1818 V 563 1938 V 621 1906 |
| | 24906 | a(+)p 752 1938 V 158 w(10)p 1001 1938 V 99 w(f)1082 1921 |
| | 24907 | y Fh(i)1110 1906 y Fw(f)1140 1921 y Fh(j)1204 1906 y |
| | 24908 | Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)1361 1921 y Fh(i)1389 1906 y Fw(f)1419 |
| | 24909 | 1921 y Fh(j)1488 1906 y Fw(\(QFD\))p 1833 1938 V 105 |
| | 24910 | w([Ing87b])p 3212 1938 V 563 2059 V 621 2026 a(+)p 752 |
| | 24911 | 2059 V 158 w(11)p 1001 2059 V 99 w(f)1082 2041 y Fh(i)1110 |
| | 24912 | 2026 y Fw(f)1140 2041 y Fh(j)1204 2026 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1361 |
| | 24913 | 2041 y Fh(i)1389 2026 y Fw(f)1419 2041 y Fh(j)1488 2026 |
| | 24914 | y Fw(\(QCD\))p 1833 2059 V 99 w([Com77,)32 b(Ben84,)h(Eic84)o(,)g |
| | 24915 | (Chi90)o(])p 3212 2059 V 563 2179 V 621 2147 a(+)p 752 |
| | 24916 | 2179 V 158 w(12)p 1001 2179 V 99 w(f)1082 2162 y Fh(i)p |
| | 24917 | 1110 2067 37 4 v 1110 2147 a Fw(f)1147 2162 y Fh(i)1203 |
| | 24918 | 2147 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)1360 2162 y Fh(k)p 1402 2067 V |
| | 24919 | 1402 2147 a Fw(f)1439 2162 y Fh(k)p 1833 2179 4 121 v |
| | 24920 | 1884 2147 a Fw([Com77,)32 b(Ben84,)h(Eic84)o(,)g(Chi90)o(])p |
| | 24921 | 3212 2179 V 563 2299 V 621 2267 a(+)p 752 2299 V 158 |
| | 24922 | w(13)p 1001 2299 V 99 w(f)1082 2282 y Fh(i)p 1110 2188 |
| | 24923 | 37 4 v 1110 2267 a Fw(f)1147 2282 y Fh(i)1203 2267 y |
| | 24924 | Fn(!)27 b Fw(gg)p 1833 2299 4 121 v 456 w([Com77,)32 |
| | 24925 | b(Ben84])p 3212 2299 V 563 2420 V 621 2387 a(+)p 752 |
| | 24926 | 2420 V 158 w(14)p 1001 2420 V 99 w(f)1082 2402 y Fh(i)p |
| | 24927 | 1110 2308 37 4 v 1110 2387 a Fw(f)1147 2402 y Fh(i)1203 |
| | 24928 | 2387 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(g)q Fj(\015)p 1833 2420 4 121 v 453 |
| | 24929 | w Fw([Hal78)o(,)33 b(Ben84])p 3212 2420 V 563 2540 V |
| | 24930 | 621 2508 a(+)p 752 2540 V 158 w(15)p 1001 2540 V 99 w(f)1082 |
| | 24931 | 2523 y Fh(i)p 1110 2429 37 4 v 1110 2508 a Fw(f)1147 |
| | 24932 | 2523 y Fh(i)1203 2508 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(gZ)1439 2471 y Fl(0)p |
| | 24933 | 1833 2540 4 121 v 1884 2508 a Fw([Eic84])p 3212 2540 |
| | 24934 | V 563 2661 V 621 2628 a(+)p 752 2661 V 158 w(16)p 1001 |
| | 24935 | 2661 V 99 w(f)1082 2643 y Fh(i)p 1110 2549 37 4 v 1110 |
| | 24936 | 2628 a Fw(f)1147 2643 y Fh(j)1211 2628 y Fn(!)g Fw(gW)1488 |
| | 24937 | 2592 y Fl(+)p 1833 2661 4 121 v 1884 2628 a Fw([Eic84])p |
| | 24938 | 3212 2661 V 563 2781 V 752 2781 V 855 2748 a(17)p 1001 |
| | 24939 | 2781 V 99 w(f)1082 2763 y Fh(i)p 1110 2669 37 4 v 1110 |
| | 24940 | 2748 a Fw(f)1147 2763 y Fh(i)1203 2748 y Fn(!)g Fw(gH)1452 |
| | 24941 | 2712 y Fl(0)p 1833 2781 4 121 v 3212 2781 V 563 2901 |
| | 24942 | V 621 2869 a Fw(+)p 752 2901 V 158 w(18)p 1001 2901 V |
| | 24943 | 99 w(f)1082 2884 y Fh(i)p 1110 2790 37 4 v 1110 2869 |
| | 24944 | a Fw(f)1147 2884 y Fh(i)1203 2869 y Fn(!)g Fj(\015)5 |
| | 24945 | b(\015)p 1833 2901 4 121 v 447 w Fw([Ber84)q(])p 3212 |
| | 24946 | 2901 V 563 3022 V 621 2989 a(+)p 752 3022 V 158 w(19)p |
| | 24947 | 1001 3022 V 99 w(f)1082 3004 y Fh(i)p 1110 2910 37 4 |
| | 24948 | v 1110 2989 a Fw(f)1147 3004 y Fh(i)1203 2989 y Fn(!)27 |
| | 24949 | b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(Z)1446 2953 y Fl(0)p 1833 3022 4 121 |
| | 24950 | v 1884 2989 a Fw([Eic84])p 3212 3022 V 563 3142 V 621 |
| | 24951 | 3110 a(+)p 752 3142 V 158 w(20)p 1001 3142 V 99 w(f)1082 |
| | 24952 | 3125 y Fh(i)p 1110 3030 37 4 v 1110 3110 a Fw(f)1147 |
| | 24953 | 3125 y Fh(j)1211 3110 y Fn(!)27 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(W)1495 |
| | 24954 | 3073 y Fl(+)p 1833 3142 4 121 v 1884 3110 a Fw([Eic84,)33 |
| | 24955 | b(Sam91)n(])p 3212 3142 V 563 3262 V 752 3262 V 855 3230 |
| | 24956 | a(21)p 1001 3262 V 99 w(f)1082 3245 y Fh(i)p 1110 3151 |
| | 24957 | 37 4 v 1110 3230 a Fw(f)1147 3245 y Fh(i)1203 3230 y |
| | 24958 | Fn(!)27 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(H)1459 3194 y Fl(0)p 1833 3262 |
| | 24959 | 4 121 v 3212 3262 V 563 3383 V 621 3350 a Fw(+)p 752 |
| | 24960 | 3383 V 158 w(22)p 1001 3383 V 99 w(f)1082 3365 y Fh(i)p |
| | 24961 | 1110 3271 37 4 v 1110 3350 a Fw(f)1147 3365 y Fh(i)1203 |
| | 24962 | 3350 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Z)1390 3314 y Fl(0)1429 3350 y Fw(Z)1489 |
| | 24963 | 3314 y Fl(0)p 1833 3383 4 121 v 1884 3350 a Fw([Eic84,)33 |
| | 24964 | b(Gun86)o(])p 3212 3383 V 563 3503 V 621 3471 a(+)p 752 |
| | 24965 | 3503 V 158 w(23)p 1001 3503 V 99 w(f)1082 3486 y Fh(i)p |
| | 24966 | 1110 3392 37 4 v 1110 3471 a Fw(f)1147 3486 y Fh(j)1211 |
| | 24967 | 3471 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Z)1398 3435 y Fl(0)1437 3471 y Fw(W)1538 |
| | 24968 | 3435 y Fl(+)p 1833 3503 4 121 v 1884 3471 a Fw([Eic84,)33 |
| | 24969 | b(Gun86)o(])p 3212 3503 V 563 3624 V 621 3591 a(+)p 752 |
| | 24970 | 3624 V 158 w(24)p 1001 3624 V 99 w(f)1082 3606 y Fh(i)p |
| | 24971 | 1110 3512 37 4 v 1110 3591 a Fw(f)1147 3606 y Fh(i)1203 |
| | 24972 | 3591 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Z)1390 3555 y Fl(0)1429 3591 y Fw(H)1502 |
| | 24973 | 3555 y Fl(0)p 1833 3624 4 121 v 1884 3591 a Fw([Ber85)q(])p |
| | 24974 | 3212 3624 V 563 3744 V 621 3711 a(+)p 752 3744 V 158 |
| | 24975 | w(25)p 1001 3744 V 99 w(f)1082 3726 y Fh(i)p 1110 3632 |
| | 24976 | 37 4 v 1110 3711 a Fw(f)1147 3726 y Fh(i)1203 3711 y |
| | 24977 | Fn(!)g Fw(W)1431 3675 y Fl(+)1491 3711 y Fw(W)1592 3675 |
| | 24978 | y Fk(\000)p 1833 3744 4 121 v 1884 3711 a Fw([Bar94,)33 |
| | 24979 | b(Gun86)o(])p 3212 3744 V 563 3864 V 621 3832 a(+)p 752 |
| | 24980 | 3864 V 158 w(26)p 1001 3864 V 99 w(f)1082 3847 y Fh(i)p |
| | 24981 | 1110 3753 37 4 v 1110 3832 a Fw(f)1147 3847 y Fh(j)1211 |
| | 24982 | 3832 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)1439 3796 y Fl(+)1499 3832 y Fw(H)1572 |
| | 24983 | 3796 y Fl(0)p 1833 3864 4 121 v 1884 3832 a Fw([Eic84])p |
| | 24984 | 3212 3864 V 563 3985 V 752 3985 V 855 3952 a(27)p 1001 |
| | 24985 | 3985 V 99 w(f)1082 3967 y Fh(i)p 1110 3873 37 4 v 1110 |
| | 24986 | 3952 a Fw(f)1147 3967 y Fh(i)1203 3952 y Fn(!)g Fw(H)1403 |
| | 24987 | 3916 y Fl(0)1443 3952 y Fw(H)1516 3916 y Fl(0)p 1833 |
| | 24988 | 3985 4 121 v 3212 3985 V 563 4105 V 621 4073 a Fw(+)p |
| | 24989 | 752 4105 V 158 w(28)p 1001 4105 V 99 w(f)1082 4088 y |
| | 24990 | Fh(i)1110 4073 y Fw(g)i Fn(!)e Fw(f)1345 4088 y Fh(i)1373 |
| | 24991 | 4073 y Fw(g)p 1833 4105 V 462 w([Com77,)32 b(Ben84])p |
| | 24992 | 3212 4105 V 563 4225 V 621 4193 a(+)p 752 4225 V 158 |
| | 24993 | w(29)p 1001 4225 V 99 w(f)1082 4208 y Fh(i)1110 4193 |
| | 24994 | y Fw(g)d Fn(!)e Fw(f)1345 4208 y Fh(i)1373 4193 y Fj(\015)p |
| | 24995 | 1833 4225 V 460 w Fw([Hal78)o(,)33 b(Ben84])p 3212 4225 |
| | 24996 | V 563 4346 V 621 4313 a(+)p 752 4346 V 158 w(30)p 1001 |
| | 24997 | 4346 V 99 w(f)1082 4328 y Fh(i)1110 4313 y Fw(g)c Fn(!)e |
| | 24998 | Fw(f)1345 4328 y Fh(i)1373 4313 y Fw(Z)1433 4277 y Fl(0)p |
| | 24999 | 1833 4346 V 1884 4313 a Fw([Eic84])p 3212 4346 V 563 |
| | 25000 | 4466 V 621 4434 a(+)p 752 4466 V 158 w(31)p 1001 4466 |
| | 25001 | V 99 w(f)1082 4449 y Fh(i)1110 4434 y Fw(g)i Fn(!)e Fw(f)1345 |
| | 25002 | 4449 y Fh(k)1388 4434 y Fw(W)1489 4398 y Fl(+)p 1833 |
| | 25003 | 4466 V 1884 4434 a Fw([Eic84])p 3212 4466 V 563 4587 |
| | 25004 | V 752 4587 V 855 4554 a(32)p 1001 4587 V 99 w(f)1082 |
| | 25005 | 4569 y Fh(i)1110 4554 y Fw(g)i Fn(!)e Fw(f)1345 4569 |
| | 25006 | y Fh(i)1373 4554 y Fw(H)1446 4518 y Fl(0)p 1833 4587 |
| | 25007 | V 3212 4587 V 563 4707 V 621 4675 a Fw(+)p 752 4707 V |
| | 25008 | 158 w(33)p 1001 4707 V 99 w(f)1082 4690 y Fh(i)1110 4675 |
| | 25009 | y Fj(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)1351 4690 y Fh(i)1379 4675 |
| | 25010 | y Fw(g)p 1833 4707 V 456 w([Duk82])p 3212 4707 V 563 |
| | 25011 | 4827 V 621 4795 a(+)p 752 4827 V 158 w(34)p 1001 4827 |
| | 25012 | V 99 w(f)1082 4810 y Fh(i)1110 4795 y Fj(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 |
| | 25013 | b Fw(f)1351 4810 y Fh(i)1379 4795 y Fj(\015)p 1833 4827 |
| | 25014 | V 454 w Fw([Duk82])p 3212 4827 V 563 4948 V 621 4915 |
| | 25015 | a(+)p 752 4948 V 158 w(35)p 1001 4948 V 99 w(f)1082 4930 |
| | 25016 | y Fh(i)1110 4915 y Fj(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)1351 4930 |
| | 25017 | y Fh(i)1379 4915 y Fw(Z)1439 4879 y Fl(0)p 1833 4948 |
| | 25018 | V 1884 4915 a Fw([Gab86])p 3212 4948 V 563 5068 V 621 |
| | 25019 | 5036 a(+)p 752 5068 V 158 w(36)p 1001 5068 V 99 w(f)1082 |
| | 25020 | 5051 y Fh(i)1110 5036 y Fj(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)1351 |
| | 25021 | 5051 y Fh(k)1394 5036 y Fw(W)1495 5000 y Fl(+)p 1833 |
| | 25022 | 5068 V 1884 5036 a Fw([Gab86])p 3212 5068 V 563 5189 |
| | 25023 | V 752 5189 V 855 5156 a(37)p 1001 5189 V 99 w(f)1082 |
| | 25024 | 5171 y Fh(i)1110 5156 y Fj(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)1351 |
| | 25025 | 5171 y Fh(i)1379 5156 y Fw(H)1452 5120 y Fl(0)p 1833 |
| | 25026 | 5189 V 3212 5189 V 563 5309 V 752 5309 V 855 5276 a Fw(38)p |
| | 25027 | 1001 5309 V 99 w(f)1082 5291 y Fh(i)1110 5276 y Fw(Z)1170 |
| | 25028 | 5240 y Fl(0)1237 5276 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1394 5291 y Fh(i)1422 |
| | 25029 | 5276 y Fw(g)p 1833 5309 V 3212 5309 V 563 5429 V 752 |
| | 25030 | 5429 V 855 5397 a(39)p 1001 5429 V 99 w(f)1082 5412 y |
| | 25031 | Fh(i)1110 5397 y Fw(Z)1170 5361 y Fl(0)1237 5397 y Fn(!)g |
| | 25032 | Fw(f)1394 5412 y Fh(i)1422 5397 y Fj(\015)p 1833 5429 |
| | 25033 | V 3212 5429 V 563 5550 V 752 5550 V 855 5517 a Fw(40)p |
| | 25034 | 1001 5550 V 99 w(f)1082 5532 y Fh(i)1110 5517 y Fw(Z)1170 |
| | 25035 | 5481 y Fl(0)1237 5517 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1394 5532 y Fh(i)1422 |
| | 25036 | 5517 y Fw(Z)1482 5481 y Fl(0)p 1833 5550 V 3212 5550 |
| | 25037 | V 565 5553 2651 4 v 1817 5953 a Fw(113)p eop |
| | 25038 | %%Page: 114 120 |
| | 25039 | 114 119 bop 0 44 a Fw(T)-8 b(able)37 b(12:)52 b(Subpro)s(cess)39 |
| | 25040 | b(co)s(des,)g(part)e(2.)57 b(First)37 b(column)f(is)g(`+')i(for)e(pro)s |
| | 25041 | (cesses)k(implemen)m(ted)35 b(and)0 152 y(blank)e(for)f(those)i(that)e |
| | 25042 | (are)h(only)g(foreseen.)45 b(Second)34 b(is)f(the)g(subpro)s(cess)i(n)m |
| | 25043 | (um)m(b)s(er)e Fq(ISUB)p Fw(,)h(and)f(third)0 261 y(the)41 |
| | 25044 | b(description)g(of)f(the)i(pro)s(cess.)70 b(The)42 b(\014nal)e(column)g |
| | 25045 | (giv)m(es)h(references)i(from)d(whic)m(h)h(the)h(cross)0 |
| | 25046 | 369 y(sections)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(obtained.)43 |
| | 25047 | b(See)34 b(text)f(for)f(further)h(information.)p 515 |
| | 25048 | 489 2751 4 v 513 609 4 121 v 564 577 a(In)p 702 609 V |
| | 25049 | 101 w(No.)p 951 609 V 99 w(Subpro)s(cess)p 2466 609 V |
| | 25050 | 1047 w(Reference)p 3262 609 V 515 612 2751 4 v 513 733 |
| | 25051 | 4 121 v 702 733 V 951 733 V 1002 700 a(b\))g(2)27 b Fn(!)h |
| | 25052 | Fw(2,)k(tree)h(\(con)m(t'd\))p 2466 733 V 3262 733 V |
| | 25053 | 513 853 V 702 853 V 805 821 a(41)p 951 853 V 99 w(f)1032 |
| | 25054 | 836 y Fh(i)1060 821 y Fw(Z)1120 784 y Fl(0)1187 821 y |
| | 25055 | Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)1344 836 y Fh(k)1387 821 y Fw(W)1488 784 |
| | 25056 | y Fl(+)p 2466 853 V 3262 853 V 513 974 V 702 974 V 805 |
| | 25057 | 941 a Fw(42)p 951 974 V 99 w(f)1032 956 y Fh(i)1060 941 |
| | 25058 | y Fw(Z)1120 905 y Fl(0)1187 941 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1344 956 |
| | 25059 | y Fh(i)1372 941 y Fw(H)1445 905 y Fl(0)p 2466 974 V 3262 |
| | 25060 | 974 V 513 1094 V 702 1094 V 805 1061 a Fw(43)p 951 1094 |
| | 25061 | V 99 w(f)1032 1076 y Fh(i)1060 1061 y Fw(W)1161 1025 |
| | 25062 | y Fl(+)1248 1061 y Fn(!)h Fw(f)1406 1076 y Fh(k)1448 |
| | 25063 | 1061 y Fw(g)p 2466 1094 V 3262 1094 V 513 1214 V 702 |
| | 25064 | 1214 V 805 1182 a(44)p 951 1214 V 99 w(f)1032 1197 y |
| | 25065 | Fh(i)1060 1182 y Fw(W)1161 1146 y Fl(+)1248 1182 y Fn(!)g |
| | 25066 | Fw(f)1406 1197 y Fh(k)1448 1182 y Fj(\015)p 2466 1214 |
| | 25067 | V 3262 1214 V 513 1335 V 702 1335 V 805 1302 a Fw(45)p |
| | 25068 | 951 1335 V 99 w(f)1032 1317 y Fh(i)1060 1302 y Fw(W)1161 |
| | 25069 | 1266 y Fl(+)1248 1302 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1406 1317 y Fh(k)1448 |
| | 25070 | 1302 y Fw(Z)1508 1266 y Fl(0)p 2466 1335 V 3262 1335 |
| | 25071 | V 513 1455 V 702 1455 V 805 1423 a Fw(46)p 951 1455 V |
| | 25072 | 99 w(f)1032 1438 y Fh(i)1060 1423 y Fw(W)1161 1386 y |
| | 25073 | Fl(+)1248 1423 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1406 1438 y Fh(k)1448 1423 |
| | 25074 | y Fw(W)1549 1386 y Fl(+)p 2466 1455 V 3262 1455 V 513 |
| | 25075 | 1575 V 702 1575 V 805 1543 a Fw(47)p 951 1575 V 99 w(f)1032 |
| | 25076 | 1558 y Fh(i)1060 1543 y Fw(W)1161 1507 y Fl(+)1248 1543 |
| | 25077 | y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1406 1558 y Fh(k)1448 1543 y Fw(H)1521 |
| | 25078 | 1507 y Fl(0)p 2466 1575 V 3262 1575 V 513 1696 V 702 |
| | 25079 | 1696 V 805 1663 a Fw(48)p 951 1696 V 99 w(f)1032 1678 |
| | 25080 | y Fh(i)1060 1663 y Fw(H)1133 1627 y Fl(0)1200 1663 y |
| | 25081 | Fn(!)g Fw(f)1358 1678 y Fh(i)1386 1663 y Fw(g)p 2466 |
| | 25082 | 1696 V 3262 1696 V 513 1816 V 702 1816 V 805 1784 a(49)p |
| | 25083 | 951 1816 V 99 w(f)1032 1799 y Fh(i)1060 1784 y Fw(H)1133 |
| | 25084 | 1748 y Fl(0)1200 1784 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1358 1799 y Fh(i)1386 |
| | 25085 | 1784 y Fj(\015)p 2466 1816 V 3262 1816 V 513 1937 V 702 |
| | 25086 | 1937 V 805 1904 a Fw(50)p 951 1937 V 99 w(f)1032 1919 |
| | 25087 | y Fh(i)1060 1904 y Fw(H)1133 1868 y Fl(0)1200 1904 y |
| | 25088 | Fn(!)g Fw(f)1358 1919 y Fh(i)1386 1904 y Fw(Z)1446 1868 |
| | 25089 | y Fl(0)p 2466 1937 V 3262 1937 V 513 2057 V 702 2057 |
| | 25090 | V 805 2024 a Fw(51)p 951 2057 V 99 w(f)1032 2039 y Fh(i)1060 |
| | 25091 | 2024 y Fw(H)1133 1988 y Fl(0)1200 2024 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1358 |
| | 25092 | 2039 y Fh(k)1400 2024 y Fw(W)1501 1988 y Fl(+)p 2466 |
| | 25093 | 2057 V 3262 2057 V 513 2177 V 702 2177 V 805 2145 a Fw(52)p |
| | 25094 | 951 2177 V 99 w(f)1032 2160 y Fh(i)1060 2145 y Fw(H)1133 |
| | 25095 | 2109 y Fl(0)1200 2145 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1358 2160 y Fh(i)1386 |
| | 25096 | 2145 y Fw(H)1459 2109 y Fl(0)p 2466 2177 V 3262 2177 |
| | 25097 | V 513 2298 V 571 2265 a Fw(+)p 702 2298 V 158 w(53)p |
| | 25098 | 951 2298 V 99 w(gg)h Fn(!)e Fw(f)1286 2280 y Fh(k)p 1328 |
| | 25099 | 2186 37 4 v 1328 2265 a Fw(f)1365 2280 y Fh(k)p 2466 |
| | 25100 | 2298 4 121 v 2517 2265 a Fw([Com77)o(,)33 b(Ben84])p |
| | 25101 | 3262 2298 V 513 2418 V 571 2386 a(+)p 702 2418 V 158 |
| | 25102 | w(54)p 951 2418 V 99 w(g)q Fj(\015)g Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)1293 |
| | 25103 | 2401 y Fh(k)p 1336 2306 37 4 v 1336 2386 a Fw(f)1372 |
| | 25104 | 2401 y Fh(k)p 2466 2418 4 121 v 2517 2386 a Fw([Duk82])p |
| | 25105 | 3262 2418 V 513 2538 V 702 2538 V 805 2506 a(55)p 951 |
| | 25106 | 2538 V 99 w(gZ)1111 2470 y Fl(0)1178 2506 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1335 |
| | 25107 | 2521 y Fh(k)p 1377 2427 37 4 v 1377 2506 a Fw(f)1414 |
| | 25108 | 2521 y Fh(k)p 2466 2538 4 121 v 3262 2538 V 513 2659 |
| | 25109 | V 702 2659 V 805 2626 a Fw(56)p 951 2659 V 99 w(gW)1152 |
| | 25110 | 2590 y Fl(+)1239 2626 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1396 2641 y Fh(k)p |
| | 25111 | 1439 2547 37 4 v 1439 2626 a Fw(f)1476 2641 y Fh(l)p |
| | 25112 | 2466 2659 4 121 v 3262 2659 V 513 2779 V 702 2779 V 805 |
| | 25113 | 2747 a Fw(57)p 951 2779 V 99 w(gH)1124 2711 y Fl(0)1191 |
| | 25114 | 2747 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1348 2762 y Fh(k)p 1391 2668 37 4 |
| | 25115 | v 1391 2747 a Fw(f)1428 2762 y Fh(l)p 2466 2779 4 121 |
| | 25116 | v 3262 2779 V 513 2900 V 571 2867 a Fw(+)p 702 2900 V |
| | 25117 | 158 w(58)p 951 2900 V 99 w Fj(\015)5 b(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 |
| | 25118 | b Fw(f)1299 2882 y Fh(k)p 1342 2788 37 4 v 1342 2867 |
| | 25119 | a Fw(f)1378 2882 y Fh(k)p 2466 2900 4 121 v 2517 2867 |
| | 25120 | a Fw([Bar90)o(])p 3262 2900 V 513 3020 V 702 3020 V 805 |
| | 25121 | 2988 a(59)p 951 3020 V 99 w Fj(\015)5 b Fw(Z)1118 2951 |
| | 25122 | y Fl(0)1185 2988 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)1342 3003 y Fh(k)p |
| | 25123 | 1385 2908 37 4 v 1385 2988 a Fw(f)1421 3003 y Fh(k)p |
| | 25124 | 2466 3020 4 121 v 3262 3020 V 513 3140 V 702 3140 V 805 |
| | 25125 | 3108 a Fw(60)p 951 3140 V 99 w Fj(\015)5 b Fw(W)1159 |
| | 25126 | 3072 y Fl(+)1246 3108 y Fn(!)28 b Fw(f)1404 3123 y Fh(k)p |
| | 25127 | 1446 3029 37 4 v 1446 3108 a Fw(f)1483 3123 y Fh(l)p |
| | 25128 | 2466 3140 4 121 v 3262 3140 V 513 3261 V 702 3261 V 805 |
| | 25129 | 3228 a Fw(61)p 951 3261 V 99 w Fj(\015)5 b Fw(H)1131 |
| | 25130 | 3192 y Fl(0)1198 3228 y Fn(!)28 b Fw(f)1356 3243 y Fh(k)p |
| | 25131 | 1398 3149 37 4 v 1398 3228 a Fw(f)1435 3243 y Fh(k)p |
| | 25132 | 2466 3261 4 121 v 3262 3261 V 513 3381 V 702 3381 V 805 |
| | 25133 | 3349 a Fw(62)p 951 3381 V 99 w(Z)1062 3313 y Fl(0)1101 |
| | 25134 | 3349 y Fw(Z)1161 3313 y Fl(0)1228 3349 y Fn(!)f Fw(f)1385 |
| | 25135 | 3364 y Fh(k)p 1428 3270 37 4 v 1428 3349 a Fw(f)1464 |
| | 25136 | 3364 y Fh(k)p 2466 3381 4 121 v 3262 3381 V 513 3502 |
| | 25137 | V 702 3502 V 805 3469 a Fw(63)p 951 3502 V 99 w(Z)1062 |
| | 25138 | 3433 y Fl(0)1101 3469 y Fw(W)1202 3433 y Fl(+)1289 3469 |
| | 25139 | y Fn(!)h Fw(f)1447 3484 y Fh(k)p 1489 3390 37 4 v 1489 |
| | 25140 | 3469 a Fw(f)1526 3484 y Fh(l)p 2466 3502 4 121 v 3262 |
| | 25141 | 3502 V 513 3622 V 702 3622 V 805 3589 a Fw(64)p 951 3622 |
| | 25142 | V 99 w(Z)1062 3553 y Fl(0)1101 3589 y Fw(H)1174 3553 |
| | 25143 | y Fl(0)1241 3589 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1399 3604 y Fh(k)p 1441 |
| | 25144 | 3510 37 4 v 1441 3589 a Fw(f)1478 3604 y Fh(k)p 2466 |
| | 25145 | 3622 4 121 v 3262 3622 V 513 3742 V 702 3742 V 805 3710 |
| | 25146 | a Fw(65)p 951 3742 V 99 w(W)1103 3674 y Fl(+)1163 3710 |
| | 25147 | y Fw(W)1264 3674 y Fk(\000)1351 3710 y Fn(!)f Fw(f)1508 |
| | 25148 | 3725 y Fh(k)p 1551 3631 37 4 v 1551 3710 a Fw(f)1588 |
| | 25149 | 3725 y Fh(k)p 2466 3742 4 121 v 3262 3742 V 513 3863 |
| | 25150 | V 702 3863 V 805 3830 a Fw(66)p 951 3863 V 99 w(W)1103 |
| | 25151 | 3794 y Fl(+)1163 3830 y Fw(H)1236 3794 y Fl(0)1303 3830 |
| | 25152 | y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1460 3845 y Fh(k)p 1503 3751 37 4 v 1503 |
| | 25153 | 3830 a Fw(f)1540 3845 y Fh(l)p 2466 3863 4 121 v 3262 |
| | 25154 | 3863 V 513 3983 V 702 3983 V 805 3951 a Fw(67)p 951 3983 |
| | 25155 | V 99 w(H)1075 3914 y Fl(0)1115 3951 y Fw(H)1188 3914 |
| | 25156 | y Fl(0)1255 3951 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1412 3966 y Fh(k)p 1455 |
| | 25157 | 3871 37 4 v 1455 3951 a Fw(f)1491 3966 y Fh(k)p 2466 |
| | 25158 | 3983 4 121 v 3262 3983 V 513 4103 V 571 4071 a Fw(+)p |
| | 25159 | 702 4103 V 158 w(68)p 951 4103 V 99 w(gg)i Fn(!)e Fw(gg)p |
| | 25160 | 2466 4103 V 1163 w([Com77)o(,)33 b(Ben84])p 3262 4103 |
| | 25161 | V 513 4224 V 571 4191 a(+)p 702 4224 V 158 w(69)p 951 |
| | 25162 | 4224 V 99 w Fj(\015)5 b(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)1370 |
| | 25163 | 4155 y Fl(+)1430 4191 y Fw(W)1531 4155 y Fk(\000)p 2466 |
| | 25164 | 4224 V 2517 4191 a Fw([Kat83)o(])p 3262 4224 V 513 4344 |
| | 25165 | V 571 4312 a(+)p 702 4344 V 158 w(70)p 951 4344 V 99 |
| | 25166 | w Fj(\015)5 b Fw(W)1159 4276 y Fl(+)1246 4312 y Fn(!)28 |
| | 25167 | b Fw(Z)1434 4276 y Fl(0)1473 4312 y Fw(W)1574 4276 y |
| | 25168 | Fl(+)p 2466 4344 V 2517 4312 a Fw([Kun87])p 3262 4344 |
| | 25169 | V 513 4465 V 571 4432 a(+)p 702 4465 V 158 w(71)p 951 |
| | 25170 | 4465 V 99 w(Z)1062 4396 y Fl(0)1101 4432 y Fw(Z)1161 |
| | 25171 | 4396 y Fl(0)1228 4432 y Fn(!)f Fw(Z)1415 4396 y Fl(0)1454 |
| | 25172 | 4432 y Fw(Z)1514 4396 y Fl(0)1586 4432 y Fw(\(longitudinal\))p |
| | 25173 | 2466 4465 V 342 w([Abb87])p 3262 4465 V 513 4585 V 571 |
| | 25174 | 4552 a(+)p 702 4585 V 158 w(72)p 951 4585 V 99 w(Z)1062 |
| | 25175 | 4516 y Fl(0)1101 4552 y Fw(Z)1161 4516 y Fl(0)1228 4552 |
| | 25176 | y Fn(!)g Fw(W)1456 4516 y Fl(+)1516 4552 y Fw(W)1617 |
| | 25177 | 4516 y Fk(\000)1709 4552 y Fw(\(longitudinal\))p 2466 |
| | 25178 | 4585 V 219 w([Abb87])p 3262 4585 V 513 4705 V 571 4673 |
| | 25179 | a(+)p 702 4705 V 158 w(73)p 951 4705 V 99 w(Z)1062 4637 |
| | 25180 | y Fl(0)1101 4673 y Fw(W)1202 4637 y Fl(+)1289 4673 y |
| | 25181 | Fn(!)h Fw(Z)1477 4637 y Fl(0)1516 4673 y Fw(W)1617 4637 |
| | 25182 | y Fl(+)1709 4673 y Fw(\(longitudinal\))p 2466 4705 V |
| | 25183 | 219 w([Dob91)o(])p 3262 4705 V 513 4826 V 702 4826 V |
| | 25184 | 805 4793 a(74)p 951 4826 V 99 w(Z)1062 4757 y Fl(0)1101 |
| | 25185 | 4793 y Fw(H)1174 4757 y Fl(0)1241 4793 y Fn(!)g Fw(Z)1429 |
| | 25186 | 4757 y Fl(0)1468 4793 y Fw(H)1541 4757 y Fl(0)p 2466 |
| | 25187 | 4826 V 3262 4826 V 513 4946 V 702 4946 V 805 4914 a Fw(75)p |
| | 25188 | 951 4946 V 99 w(W)1103 4877 y Fl(+)1163 4914 y Fw(W)1264 |
| | 25189 | 4877 y Fk(\000)1351 4914 y Fn(!)f Fj(\015)5 b(\015)p |
| | 25190 | 2466 4946 V 3262 4946 V 513 5067 V 571 5034 a Fw(+)p |
| | 25191 | 702 5067 V 158 w(76)p 951 5067 V 99 w(W)1103 4998 y Fl(+)1163 |
| | 25192 | 5034 y Fw(W)1264 4998 y Fk(\000)1351 5034 y Fn(!)27 b |
| | 25193 | Fw(Z)1538 4998 y Fl(0)1577 5034 y Fw(Z)1637 4998 y Fl(0)1709 |
| | 25194 | 5034 y Fw(\(longitudinal\))p 2466 5067 V 219 w([Ben87b])p |
| | 25195 | 3262 5067 V 513 5187 V 571 5154 a(+)p 702 5187 V 158 |
| | 25196 | w(77)p 951 5187 V 99 w(W)1103 5118 y Fl(+)1163 5154 y |
| | 25197 | Fw(W)1264 5118 y Fk(\006)1351 5154 y Fn(!)g Fw(W)1579 |
| | 25198 | 5118 y Fl(+)1639 5154 y Fw(W)1740 5118 y Fk(\006)1832 |
| | 25199 | 5154 y Fw(\(longitudinal\))p 2466 5187 V 96 w([Dun86,)32 |
| | 25200 | b(Bar90a)o(])p 3262 5187 V 513 5307 V 702 5307 V 805 |
| | 25201 | 5275 a(78)p 951 5307 V 99 w(W)1103 5239 y Fl(+)1163 5275 |
| | 25202 | y Fw(H)1236 5239 y Fl(0)1303 5275 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)1531 |
| | 25203 | 5239 y Fl(+)1591 5275 y Fw(H)1664 5239 y Fl(0)p 2466 |
| | 25204 | 5307 V 3262 5307 V 513 5428 V 702 5428 V 805 5395 a Fw(79)p |
| | 25205 | 951 5428 V 99 w(H)1075 5359 y Fl(0)1115 5395 y Fw(H)1188 |
| | 25206 | 5359 y Fl(0)1255 5395 y Fn(!)g Fw(H)1455 5359 y Fl(0)1495 |
| | 25207 | 5395 y Fw(H)1568 5359 y Fl(0)p 2466 5428 V 3262 5428 |
| | 25208 | V 513 5548 V 571 5516 a Fw(+)p 702 5548 V 158 w(80)p |
| | 25209 | 951 5548 V 99 w(q)1053 5531 y Fh(i)1082 5516 y Fj(\015)32 |
| | 25210 | b Fn(!)c Fw(q)1344 5531 y Fh(k)1387 5516 y Fj(\031)1446 |
| | 25211 | 5479 y Fk(\006)p 2466 5548 V 2517 5516 a Fw([Bag82)o(])p |
| | 25212 | 3262 5548 V 515 5551 2751 4 v 1817 5953 a(114)p eop |
| | 25213 | %%Page: 115 121 |
| | 25214 | 115 120 bop 0 98 a Fw(T)-8 b(able)37 b(13:)52 b(Subpro)s(cess)39 |
| | 25215 | b(co)s(des,)g(part)e(3.)57 b(First)37 b(column)f(is)g(`+')i(for)e(pro)s |
| | 25216 | (cesses)k(implemen)m(ted)35 b(and)0 206 y(blank)e(for)f(those)i(that)e |
| | 25217 | (are)h(only)g(foreseen.)45 b(Second)34 b(is)f(the)g(subpro)s(cess)i(n)m |
| | 25218 | (um)m(b)s(er)e Fq(ISUB)p Fw(,)h(and)f(third)0 314 y(the)41 |
| | 25219 | b(description)g(of)f(the)i(pro)s(cess.)70 b(The)42 b(\014nal)e(column)g |
| | 25220 | (giv)m(es)h(references)i(from)d(whic)m(h)h(the)h(cross)0 |
| | 25221 | 423 y(sections)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(obtained.)43 |
| | 25222 | b(See)34 b(text)f(for)f(further)h(information.)p 350 |
| | 25223 | 542 3080 4 v 348 663 4 121 v 400 630 a(In)p 537 663 V |
| | 25224 | 100 w(No.)p 786 663 V 100 w(Subpro)s(cess)p 2392 663 |
| | 25225 | V 1137 w(Reference)p 3426 663 V 350 666 3080 4 v 348 |
| | 25226 | 786 4 121 v 537 786 V 786 786 V 838 754 a(c\))f(2)c Fn(!)f |
| | 25227 | Fw(2,)32 b(tree,)i(massiv)m(e)e(\014nal)g(quarks)p 2392 |
| | 25228 | 786 V 3426 786 V 348 907 V 407 874 a(+)p 537 907 V 157 |
| | 25229 | w(81)p 786 907 V 100 w(f)868 889 y Fh(i)p 895 795 37 |
| | 25230 | 4 v 895 874 a Fw(f)932 889 y Fh(i)988 874 y Fn(!)27 b |
| | 25231 | Fw(Q)1191 889 y Fh(k)p 1234 796 76 4 v 1234 874 a Fw(Q)1310 |
| | 25232 | 898 y Fh(k)p 2392 907 4 121 v 2443 874 a Fw([Com79)o(])p |
| | 25233 | 3426 907 V 348 1027 V 407 995 a(+)p 537 1027 V 157 w(82)p |
| | 25234 | 786 1027 V 100 w(gg)h Fn(!)f Fw(Q)1167 1010 y Fh(k)p |
| | 25235 | 1210 917 76 4 v 1210 995 a Fw(Q)1286 1018 y Fh(k)p 2392 |
| | 25236 | 1027 4 121 v 2443 995 a Fw([Com79)o(])p 3426 1027 V 348 |
| | 25237 | 1147 V 407 1115 a(+)p 537 1147 V 157 w(83)p 786 1147 |
| | 25238 | V 100 w(q)889 1130 y Fh(i)917 1115 y Fw(f)947 1130 y |
| | 25239 | Fh(j)1011 1115 y Fn(!)g Fw(Q)1214 1130 y Fh(k)1257 1115 |
| | 25240 | y Fw(f)1287 1130 y Fh(l)p 2392 1147 V 2443 1115 a Fw([Dic86)o(])p |
| | 25241 | 3426 1147 V 348 1268 V 407 1235 a(+)p 537 1268 V 157 |
| | 25242 | w(84)p 786 1268 V 100 w(g)q Fj(\015)32 b Fn(!)c Fw(Q)1175 |
| | 25243 | 1250 y Fh(k)p 1217 1157 76 4 v 1217 1235 a Fw(Q)1293 |
| | 25244 | 1259 y Fh(k)p 2392 1268 4 121 v 2443 1235 a Fw([F)-8 |
| | 25245 | b(on81)o(])p 3426 1268 V 348 1388 V 407 1356 a(+)p 537 |
| | 25246 | 1388 V 157 w(85)p 786 1388 V 100 w Fj(\015)5 b(\015)32 |
| | 25247 | b Fn(!)c Fw(F)1169 1371 y Fh(k)p 1211 1278 64 4 v 1211 |
| | 25248 | 1356 a Fw(F)1275 1371 y Fh(k)p 2392 1388 4 121 v 2443 |
| | 25249 | 1356 a Fw([Bar90])p 3426 1388 V 348 1509 V 407 1476 a(+)p |
| | 25250 | 537 1509 V 157 w(86)p 786 1509 V 100 w(gg)g Fn(!)f Fw(J)p |
| | 25251 | Fj(= )t Fw(g)p 2392 1509 V 1137 w([Bai83)o(])p 3426 1509 |
| | 25252 | V 348 1629 V 407 1596 a(+)p 537 1629 V 157 w(87)p 786 |
| | 25253 | 1629 V 100 w(gg)h Fn(!)f Fj(\037)1152 1611 y Fl(0c)1223 |
| | 25254 | 1596 y Fw(g)p 2392 1629 V 1171 w([Gas87])p 3426 1629 |
| | 25255 | V 348 1749 V 407 1717 a(+)p 537 1749 V 157 w(88)p 786 |
| | 25256 | 1749 V 100 w(gg)h Fn(!)f Fj(\037)1152 1732 y Fl(1c)1223 |
| | 25257 | 1717 y Fw(g)p 2392 1749 V 1171 w([Gas87])p 3426 1749 |
| | 25258 | V 348 1870 V 407 1837 a(+)p 537 1870 V 157 w(89)p 786 |
| | 25259 | 1870 V 100 w(gg)h Fn(!)f Fj(\037)1152 1852 y Fl(2c)1223 |
| | 25260 | 1837 y Fw(g)p 2392 1870 V 1171 w([Gas87])p 3426 1870 |
| | 25261 | V 348 1990 V 407 1958 a(+)p 537 1990 V 109 w(106)p 786 |
| | 25262 | 1990 V 99 w(gg)h Fn(!)f Fw(J)p Fj(= )t(\015)p 2392 1990 |
| | 25263 | V 1135 w Fw([Dre91])p 3426 1990 V 348 2111 V 407 2078 |
| | 25264 | a(+)p 537 2111 V 109 w(107)p 786 2111 V 99 w(g)q Fj(\015)32 |
| | 25265 | b Fn(!)c Fw(J)p Fj(= )t Fw(g)p 2392 2111 V 1129 w([Ber81])p |
| | 25266 | 3426 2111 V 348 2231 V 407 2198 a(+)p 537 2231 V 109 |
| | 25267 | w(108)p 786 2231 V 99 w Fj(\015)5 b(\015)32 b Fn(!)c |
| | 25268 | Fw(J)p Fj(= )t(\015)p 2392 2231 V 1121 w Fw([Jun97])p |
| | 25269 | 3426 2231 V 350 2234 3080 4 v 348 2355 4 121 v 537 2355 |
| | 25270 | V 786 2355 V 838 2322 a(d\))k(`minim)m(um)e(bias')p 2392 |
| | 25271 | 2355 V 3426 2355 V 348 2475 V 407 2442 a(+)p 537 2475 |
| | 25272 | V 157 w(91)p 786 2475 V 100 w(elastic)h(scattering)p |
| | 25273 | 2392 2475 V 889 w([Sc)m(h94)q(])p 3426 2475 V 348 2595 |
| | 25274 | V 407 2563 a(+)p 537 2595 V 157 w(92)p 786 2595 V 100 |
| | 25275 | w(single)g(di\013raction)g(\()p Fj(AB)i Fn(!)27 b Fj(X)8 |
| | 25276 | b(B)d Fw(\))p 2392 2595 V 314 w([Sc)m(h94)q(])p 3426 |
| | 25277 | 2595 V 348 2716 V 407 2683 a(+)p 537 2716 V 157 w(93)p |
| | 25278 | 786 2716 V 100 w(single)31 b(di\013raction)g(\()p Fj(AB)i |
| | 25279 | Fn(!)27 b Fj(AX)8 b Fw(\))p 2392 2716 V 320 w([Sc)m(h94)q(])p |
| | 25280 | 3426 2716 V 348 2836 V 407 2804 a(+)p 537 2836 V 157 |
| | 25281 | w(94)p 786 2836 V 100 w(double)32 b(di\013raction)p 2392 |
| | 25282 | 2836 V 853 w([Sc)m(h94)q(])p 3426 2836 V 348 2957 V 407 |
| | 25283 | 2924 a(+)p 537 2957 V 157 w(95)p 786 2957 V 100 w(lo)m(w-)p |
| | 25284 | Fj(p)1064 2939 y Fk(?)1154 2924 y Fw(pro)s(duction)p |
| | 25285 | 2392 2957 V 825 w([Sj\177)-49 b(o87])p 3426 2957 V 350 |
| | 25286 | 2960 3080 4 v 348 3080 4 121 v 537 3080 V 786 3080 V |
| | 25287 | 838 3048 a(e\))32 b(2)c Fn(!)f Fw(1,)32 b(lo)s(op)p 2392 |
| | 25288 | 3080 V 3426 3080 V 348 3201 V 537 3201 V 592 3168 a(101)p |
| | 25289 | 786 3201 V 99 w(gg)c Fn(!)f Fw(Z)1151 3132 y Fl(0)p 2392 |
| | 25290 | 3201 V 3426 3201 V 348 3321 V 407 3288 a Fw(+)p 537 3321 |
| | 25291 | V 109 w(102)p 786 3321 V 99 w(gg)h Fn(!)f Fw(H)1164 3252 |
| | 25292 | y Fl(0)p 2392 3321 V 2443 3288 a Fw([Eic84])p 3426 3321 |
| | 25293 | V 348 3441 V 407 3409 a(+)p 537 3441 V 109 w(103)p 786 |
| | 25294 | 3441 V 99 w Fj(\015)5 b(\015)32 b Fn(!)c Fw(H)1178 3373 |
| | 25295 | y Fl(0)p 2392 3441 V 2443 3409 a Fw([Dre89])p 3426 3441 |
| | 25296 | V 350 3445 3080 4 v 348 3565 4 121 v 537 3565 V 786 3565 |
| | 25297 | V 838 3533 a(f)7 b(\))32 b(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(2,)33 b(b)s(o)m(x)p |
| | 25298 | 2392 3565 V 3426 3565 V 348 3685 V 407 3653 a(+)p 537 |
| | 25299 | 3685 V 109 w(110)p 786 3685 V 99 w(f)868 3668 y Fh(i)p |
| | 25300 | 895 3574 37 4 v 895 3653 a Fw(f)932 3668 y Fh(i)988 3653 |
| | 25301 | y Fn(!)27 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(H)1244 3617 y Fl(0)p 2392 |
| | 25302 | 3685 4 121 v 2443 3653 a Fw([Ber85a])p 3426 3685 V 348 |
| | 25303 | 3806 V 407 3773 a(+)p 537 3806 V 109 w(111)p 786 3806 |
| | 25304 | V 99 w(f)868 3788 y Fh(i)p 895 3694 37 4 v 895 3773 a |
| | 25305 | Fw(f)932 3788 y Fh(i)988 3773 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(gH)1237 |
| | 25306 | 3737 y Fl(0)p 2392 3806 4 121 v 2443 3773 a Fw([Ell88)n(])p |
| | 25307 | 3426 3806 V 348 3926 V 407 3894 a(+)p 537 3926 V 109 |
| | 25308 | w(112)p 786 3926 V 99 w(f)868 3909 y Fh(i)895 3894 y |
| | 25309 | Fw(g)i Fn(!)f Fw(f)1131 3909 y Fh(i)1159 3894 y Fw(H)1232 |
| | 25310 | 3858 y Fl(0)p 2392 3926 V 2443 3894 a Fw([Ell88)n(])p |
| | 25311 | 3426 3926 V 348 4047 V 407 4014 a(+)p 537 4047 V 109 |
| | 25312 | w(113)p 786 4047 V 99 w(gg)g Fn(!)f Fw(gH)1213 3978 y |
| | 25313 | Fl(0)p 2392 4047 V 2443 4014 a Fw([Ell88)n(])p 3426 4047 |
| | 25314 | V 348 4167 V 407 4134 a(+)p 537 4167 V 109 w(114)p 786 |
| | 25315 | 4167 V 99 w(gg)h Fn(!)f Fj(\015)5 b(\015)p 2392 4167 |
| | 25316 | V 1245 w Fw([Con71,)33 b(Ber84,)f(Dic88)o(])p 3426 4167 |
| | 25317 | V 348 4287 V 407 4255 a(+)p 537 4287 V 109 w(115)p 786 |
| | 25318 | 4287 V 99 w(gg)c Fn(!)f Fw(g)q Fj(\015)p 2392 4287 V |
| | 25319 | 1251 w Fw([Con71,)33 b(Ber84,)f(Dic88)o(])p 3426 4287 |
| | 25320 | V 348 4408 V 537 4408 V 592 4375 a(116)p 786 4408 V 99 |
| | 25321 | w(gg)c Fn(!)f Fj(\015)5 b Fw(Z)1207 4339 y Fl(0)p 2392 |
| | 25322 | 4408 V 3426 4408 V 348 4528 V 537 4528 V 592 4496 a Fw(117)p |
| | 25323 | 786 4528 V 99 w(gg)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(Z)1151 4459 y Fl(0)1190 |
| | 25324 | 4496 y Fw(Z)1250 4459 y Fl(0)p 2392 4528 V 3426 4528 |
| | 25325 | V 348 4648 V 537 4648 V 592 4616 a Fw(118)p 786 4648 |
| | 25326 | V 99 w(gg)h Fn(!)f Fw(W)1192 4580 y Fl(+)1252 4616 y |
| | 25327 | Fw(W)1353 4580 y Fk(\000)p 2392 4648 V 3426 4648 V 348 |
| | 25328 | 4769 V 537 4769 V 592 4736 a Fw(119)p 786 4769 V 99 w |
| | 25329 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)32 b Fn(!)c Fw(gg)p 2392 4769 V 3426 |
| | 25330 | 4769 V 350 4772 3080 4 v 348 4893 4 121 v 537 4893 V |
| | 25331 | 786 4893 V 838 4860 a(g\))k(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(3,)33 b(tree)p |
| | 25332 | 2392 4893 V 3426 4893 V 348 5013 V 407 4980 a(+)p 537 |
| | 25333 | 5013 V 109 w(121)p 786 5013 V 99 w(gg)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(Q)1167 |
| | 25334 | 4995 y Fh(k)p 1210 4902 76 4 v 1210 4980 a Fw(Q)1286 |
| | 25335 | 5004 y Fh(k)1328 4980 y Fw(H)1401 4944 y Fl(0)p 2392 |
| | 25336 | 5013 4 121 v 2443 4980 a Fw([Kun84])p 3426 5013 V 348 |
| | 25337 | 5133 V 407 5101 a(+)p 537 5133 V 109 w(122)p 786 5133 |
| | 25338 | V 99 w(q)889 5116 y Fh(i)p 917 5048 52 4 v 917 5101 a |
| | 25339 | Fw(q)969 5124 y Fh(i)1025 5101 y Fn(!)g Fw(Q)1228 5116 |
| | 25340 | y Fh(k)p 1270 5023 76 4 v 1270 5101 a Fw(Q)1346 5124 |
| | 25341 | y Fh(k)1389 5101 y Fw(H)1462 5065 y Fl(0)p 2392 5133 |
| | 25342 | 4 121 v 2443 5101 a Fw([Kun84])p 3426 5133 V 348 5254 |
| | 25343 | V 407 5221 a(+)p 537 5254 V 109 w(123)p 786 5254 V 99 |
| | 25344 | w(f)868 5236 y Fh(i)895 5221 y Fw(f)925 5236 y Fh(j)989 |
| | 25345 | 5221 y Fn(!)h Fw(f)1147 5236 y Fh(i)1175 5221 y Fw(f)1205 |
| | 25346 | 5236 y Fh(j)1241 5221 y Fw(H)1314 5185 y Fl(0)1386 5221 |
| | 25347 | y Fw(\(ZZ)k(fusion\))p 2392 5254 V 576 w([Cah84])p 3426 |
| | 25348 | 5254 V 348 5374 V 407 5342 a(+)p 537 5374 V 109 w(124)p |
| | 25349 | 786 5374 V 99 w(f)868 5357 y Fh(i)895 5342 y Fw(f)925 |
| | 25350 | 5357 y Fh(j)989 5342 y Fn(!)c Fw(f)1147 5357 y Fh(k)1189 |
| | 25351 | 5342 y Fw(f)1219 5357 y Fh(l)1245 5342 y Fw(H)1318 5305 |
| | 25352 | y Fl(0)1390 5342 y Fw(\(W)1529 5305 y Fl(+)1589 5342 |
| | 25353 | y Fw(W)1690 5305 y Fk(\000)1782 5342 y Fw(fusion\))p |
| | 25354 | 2392 5374 V 370 w([Cah84])p 3426 5374 V 348 5494 V 407 |
| | 25355 | 5462 a(+)p 537 5494 V 109 w(131)p 786 5494 V 99 w(gg)g |
| | 25356 | Fn(!)f Fw(Z)1151 5426 y Fl(0)1190 5462 y Fw(Q)1266 5477 |
| | 25357 | y Fh(k)p 1309 5384 76 4 v 1309 5462 a Fw(Q)1385 5485 |
| | 25358 | y Fh(k)p 2392 5494 4 121 v 2443 5462 a Fw([Eij90)o(])p |
| | 25359 | 3426 5494 V 350 5498 3080 4 v 1817 5953 a(115)p eop |
| | 25360 | %%Page: 116 122 |
| | 25361 | 116 121 bop 0 343 a Fw(T)-8 b(able)37 b(14:)52 b(Subpro)s(cess)39 |
| | 25362 | b(co)s(des,)g(part)e(4.)57 b(First)37 b(column)f(is)g(`+')i(for)e(pro)s |
| | 25363 | (cesses)k(implemen)m(ted)35 b(and)0 452 y(blank)e(for)f(those)i(that)e |
| | 25364 | (are)h(only)g(foreseen.)45 b(Second)34 b(is)f(the)g(subpro)s(cess)i(n)m |
| | 25365 | (um)m(b)s(er)e Fq(ISUB)p Fw(,)h(and)f(third)0 560 y(the)41 |
| | 25366 | b(description)g(of)f(the)i(pro)s(cess.)70 b(The)42 b(\014nal)e(column)g |
| | 25367 | (giv)m(es)h(references)i(from)d(whic)m(h)h(the)h(cross)0 |
| | 25368 | 668 y(sections)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(obtained.)43 |
| | 25369 | b(See)34 b(text)f(for)f(further)h(information.)p 373 |
| | 25370 | 788 3034 4 v 371 908 4 121 v 423 876 a(In)p 560 908 V |
| | 25371 | 100 w(No.)p 809 908 V 99 w(Subpro)s(cess)p 2671 908 V |
| | 25372 | 1394 w(Reference)p 3403 908 V 373 912 3034 4 v 371 1032 |
| | 25373 | 4 121 v 560 1032 V 809 1032 V 860 1000 a(h\))g(non-Standard)f(Mo)s |
| | 25374 | (del,)h(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(1)p 2671 1032 V 3403 1032 V |
| | 25375 | 371 1152 V 430 1120 a(+)p 560 1152 V 108 w(141)p 809 |
| | 25376 | 1152 V 99 w(f)890 1135 y Fh(i)p 918 1041 37 4 v 918 1120 |
| | 25377 | a Fw(f)955 1135 y Fh(i)1011 1120 y Fn(!)g Fj(\015)5 b(=)p |
| | 25378 | Fw(Z)1303 1084 y Fl(0)1342 1120 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1451 1084 |
| | 25379 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)p 2671 1152 4 121 v 2722 1120 a Fw([Alt89)o(])p |
| | 25380 | 3403 1152 V 371 1273 V 430 1240 a(+)p 560 1273 V 108 |
| | 25381 | w(142)p 809 1273 V 99 w(f)890 1255 y Fh(i)p 918 1161 |
| | 25382 | 37 4 v 918 1240 a Fw(f)955 1255 y Fh(j)1019 1240 y Fn(!)28 |
| | 25383 | b Fw(W)1248 1204 y Fk(0)p Fl(+)p 2671 1273 4 121 v 2722 |
| | 25384 | 1240 a Fw([Alt89)o(])p 3403 1273 V 371 1393 V 430 1361 |
| | 25385 | a(+)p 560 1393 V 108 w(143)p 809 1393 V 99 w(f)890 1376 |
| | 25386 | y Fh(i)p 918 1282 37 4 v 918 1361 a Fw(f)955 1376 y Fh(j)1019 |
| | 25387 | 1361 y Fn(!)g Fw(H)1220 1325 y Fl(+)p 2671 1393 4 121 |
| | 25388 | v 2722 1361 a Fw([Gun87])p 3403 1393 V 371 1514 V 430 |
| | 25389 | 1481 a(+)p 560 1514 V 108 w(144)p 809 1514 V 99 w(f)890 |
| | 25390 | 1496 y Fh(i)p 918 1402 37 4 v 918 1481 a Fw(f)955 1496 |
| | 25391 | y Fh(j)1019 1481 y Fn(!)g Fw(R)p 2671 1514 4 121 v 1503 |
| | 25392 | w([Ben85a])p 3403 1514 V 371 1634 V 430 1601 a(+)p 560 |
| | 25393 | 1634 V 108 w(145)p 809 1634 V 99 w(q)911 1616 y Fh(i)940 |
| | 25394 | 1601 y Fj(`)981 1616 y Fh(j)1045 1601 y Fn(!)g Fw(L)1234 |
| | 25395 | 1616 y Fl(Q)p 2671 1634 V 2722 1601 a Fw([W)-8 b(ud86)q(])p |
| | 25396 | 3403 1634 V 371 1754 V 430 1722 a(+)p 560 1754 V 108 |
| | 25397 | w(147)p 809 1754 V 99 w(dg)29 b Fn(!)f Fw(d)1174 1686 |
| | 25398 | y Fk(\003)p 2671 1754 V 2722 1722 a Fw([Bau90])p 3403 |
| | 25399 | 1754 V 371 1875 V 430 1842 a(+)p 560 1875 V 108 w(148)p |
| | 25400 | 809 1875 V 99 w(ug)h Fn(!)f Fw(u)1174 1806 y Fk(\003)p |
| | 25401 | 2671 1875 V 2722 1842 a Fw([Bau90])p 3403 1875 V 371 |
| | 25402 | 1995 V 430 1963 a(+)p 560 1995 V 108 w(149)p 809 1995 |
| | 25403 | V 99 w(gg)h Fn(!)e Fj(\021)1162 1978 y Fl(tec)n(hni)p |
| | 25404 | 2671 1995 V 2722 1963 a Fw([Eic84,)32 b(App92)q(])p 3403 |
| | 25405 | 1995 V 371 2115 V 430 2083 a(+)p 560 2115 V 108 w(151)p |
| | 25406 | 809 2115 V 99 w(f)890 2098 y Fh(i)p 918 2004 37 4 v 918 |
| | 25407 | 2083 a Fw(f)955 2098 y Fh(i)1011 2083 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(H)1211 |
| | 25408 | 2047 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)p 2671 2115 4 121 v 2722 2083 a Fw([Eic84])p |
| | 25409 | 3403 2115 V 371 2236 V 430 2203 a(+)p 560 2236 V 108 |
| | 25410 | w(152)p 809 2236 V 99 w(gg)i Fn(!)e Fw(H)1187 2167 y |
| | 25411 | Fk(0)p Fl(0)p 2671 2236 V 2722 2203 a Fw([Eic84])p 3403 |
| | 25412 | 2236 V 371 2356 V 430 2324 a(+)p 560 2356 V 108 w(153)p |
| | 25413 | 809 2356 V 99 w Fj(\015)5 b(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(H)1200 |
| | 25414 | 2288 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)p 2671 2356 V 2722 2324 a Fw([Dre89])p |
| | 25415 | 3403 2356 V 371 2477 V 430 2444 a(+)p 560 2477 V 108 |
| | 25416 | w(156)p 809 2477 V 99 w(f)890 2459 y Fh(i)p 918 2365 |
| | 25417 | 37 4 v 918 2444 a Fw(f)955 2459 y Fh(i)1011 2444 y Fn(!)g |
| | 25418 | Fw(A)1211 2408 y Fl(0)p 2671 2477 4 121 v 2722 2444 a |
| | 25419 | Fw([Eic84])p 3403 2477 V 371 2597 V 430 2565 a(+)p 560 |
| | 25420 | 2597 V 108 w(157)p 809 2597 V 99 w(gg)i Fn(!)e Fw(A)1187 |
| | 25421 | 2528 y Fl(0)p 2671 2597 V 2722 2565 a Fw([Eic84])p 3403 |
| | 25422 | 2597 V 371 2717 V 430 2685 a(+)p 560 2717 V 108 w(158)p |
| | 25423 | 809 2717 V 99 w Fj(\015)5 b(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(A)1200 |
| | 25424 | 2649 y Fl(0)p 2671 2717 V 2722 2685 a Fw([Dre89])p 3403 |
| | 25425 | 2717 V 373 2721 3034 4 v 371 2841 4 121 v 560 2841 V |
| | 25426 | 809 2841 V 860 2809 a(i\))32 b(non-Standard)g(Mo)s(del,)h(2)27 |
| | 25427 | b Fn(!)g Fw(2)33 b(and)f(2)c Fn(!)f Fw(3)p 2671 2841 |
| | 25428 | V 3403 2841 V 371 2961 V 430 2929 a(+)p 560 2961 V 108 |
| | 25429 | w(161)p 809 2961 V 99 w(f)890 2944 y Fh(i)918 2929 y |
| | 25430 | Fw(g)i Fn(!)f Fw(f)1154 2944 y Fh(k)1196 2929 y Fw(H)1269 |
| | 25431 | 2893 y Fl(+)p 2671 2961 V 2722 2929 a Fw([Bar88])p 3403 |
| | 25432 | 2961 V 371 3082 V 430 3049 a(+)p 560 3082 V 108 w(162)p |
| | 25433 | 809 3082 V 99 w(qg)i Fn(!)d Fj(`)p Fw(L)1219 3064 y Fl(Q)p |
| | 25434 | 2671 3082 V 2722 3049 a Fw([Hew88)q(])p 3403 3082 V 371 |
| | 25435 | 3202 V 430 3170 a(+)p 560 3202 V 108 w(163)p 809 3202 |
| | 25436 | V 99 w(gg)i Fn(!)e Fw(L)1175 3185 y Fl(Q)p 1234 3092 |
| | 25437 | 61 4 v 1234 3170 a Fw(L)1295 3185 y Fl(Q)p 2671 3202 |
| | 25438 | 4 121 v 2722 3170 a Fw([Hew88)q(,)33 b(Eic84)o(])p 3403 |
| | 25439 | 3202 V 371 3323 V 430 3290 a(+)p 560 3323 V 108 w(164)p |
| | 25440 | 809 3323 V 99 w(q)911 3305 y Fh(i)p 940 3237 52 4 v 940 |
| | 25441 | 3290 a Fw(q)992 3314 y Fh(i)1047 3290 y Fn(!)28 b Fw(L)1236 |
| | 25442 | 3305 y Fl(Q)p 1295 3212 61 4 v 1295 3290 a Fw(L)1356 |
| | 25443 | 3305 y Fl(Q)p 2671 3323 4 121 v 2722 3290 a Fw([Hew88)q(])p |
| | 25444 | 3403 3323 V 371 3443 V 430 3411 a(+)p 560 3443 V 108 |
| | 25445 | w(165)p 809 3443 V 99 w(f)890 3426 y Fh(i)p 918 3331 |
| | 25446 | 37 4 v 918 3411 a Fw(f)955 3426 y Fh(i)1011 3411 y Fn(!)f |
| | 25447 | Fw(f)1168 3426 y Fh(k)p 1211 3331 V 1211 3411 a Fw(f)1248 |
| | 25448 | 3426 y Fh(k)1323 3411 y Fw(\(via)32 b Fj(\015)1577 3374 |
| | 25449 | y Fk(\003)1616 3411 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1725 3374 y Fl(0)1764 |
| | 25450 | 3411 y Fw(\))p 2671 3443 4 121 v 920 w([Eic84,)g(Lan91])p |
| | 25451 | 3403 3443 V 371 3563 V 430 3531 a(+)p 560 3563 V 108 |
| | 25452 | w(166)p 809 3563 V 99 w(f)890 3546 y Fh(i)p 918 3452 |
| | 25453 | 37 4 v 918 3531 a Fw(f)955 3546 y Fh(j)1019 3531 y Fn(!)c |
| | 25454 | Fw(f)1177 3546 y Fh(k)p 1219 3452 V 1219 3531 a Fw(f)1256 |
| | 25455 | 3546 y Fh(l)1314 3531 y Fw(\(via)k(W)1613 3495 y Fk(\006)1673 |
| | 25456 | 3531 y Fw(\))p 2671 3563 4 121 v 1011 w([Eic84,)g(Lan91])p |
| | 25457 | 3403 3563 V 371 3684 V 430 3651 a(+)p 560 3684 V 108 |
| | 25458 | w(167)p 809 3684 V 99 w(qq)962 3615 y Fk(0)1014 3651 |
| | 25459 | y Fn(!)c Fw(q)1193 3615 y Fk(00)1236 3651 y Fw(d)1290 |
| | 25460 | 3615 y Fk(\003)p 2671 3684 V 2722 3651 a Fw([Bau90])p |
| | 25461 | 3403 3684 V 371 3804 V 430 3772 a(+)p 560 3804 V 108 |
| | 25462 | w(168)p 809 3804 V 99 w(qq)962 3736 y Fk(0)1014 3772 |
| | 25463 | y Fn(!)g Fw(q)1193 3736 y Fk(00)1236 3772 y Fw(u)1290 |
| | 25464 | 3736 y Fk(\003)p 2671 3804 V 2722 3772 a Fw([Bau90])p |
| | 25465 | 3403 3804 V 371 3925 V 430 3892 a(+)p 560 3925 V 108 |
| | 25466 | w(171)p 809 3925 V 99 w(f)890 3907 y Fh(i)p 918 3813 |
| | 25467 | 37 4 v 918 3892 a Fw(f)955 3907 y Fh(i)1011 3892 y Fn(!)f |
| | 25468 | Fw(Z)1198 3856 y Fl(0)1237 3892 y Fw(H)1310 3856 y Fk(0)p |
| | 25469 | Fl(0)p 2671 3925 4 121 v 2722 3892 a Fw([Eic84])p 3403 |
| | 25470 | 3925 V 371 4045 V 430 4012 a(+)p 560 4045 V 108 w(172)p |
| | 25471 | 809 4045 V 99 w(f)890 4027 y Fh(i)p 918 3933 37 4 v 918 |
| | 25472 | 4012 a Fw(f)955 4027 y Fh(j)1019 4012 y Fn(!)h Fw(W)1248 |
| | 25473 | 3976 y Fl(+)1307 4012 y Fw(H)1380 3976 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)p |
| | 25474 | 2671 4045 4 121 v 2722 4012 a Fw([Eic84])p 3403 4045 |
| | 25475 | V 371 4165 V 430 4133 a(+)p 560 4165 V 108 w(173)p 809 |
| | 25476 | 4165 V 99 w(f)890 4148 y Fh(i)918 4133 y Fw(f)948 4148 |
| | 25477 | y Fh(j)1012 4133 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1170 4148 y Fh(i)1198 |
| | 25478 | 4133 y Fw(f)1228 4148 y Fh(j)1264 4133 y Fw(H)1337 4097 |
| | 25479 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1428 4133 y Fw(\(ZZ)k(fusion\))p 2671 4165 |
| | 25480 | V 813 w([Cah84])p 3403 4165 V 371 4286 V 430 4253 a(+)p |
| | 25481 | 560 4286 V 108 w(174)p 809 4286 V 99 w(f)890 4268 y Fh(i)918 |
| | 25482 | 4253 y Fw(f)948 4268 y Fh(j)1012 4253 y Fn(!)c Fw(f)1170 |
| | 25483 | 4268 y Fh(k)1212 4253 y Fw(f)1242 4268 y Fh(l)1268 4253 |
| | 25484 | y Fw(H)1341 4217 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1432 4253 y Fw(\(W)1571 |
| | 25485 | 4217 y Fl(+)1631 4253 y Fw(W)1732 4217 y Fk(\000)1824 |
| | 25486 | 4253 y Fw(fusion\))p 2671 4286 V 607 w([Cah84])p 3403 |
| | 25487 | 4286 V 371 4406 V 430 4374 a(+)p 560 4406 V 108 w(176)p |
| | 25488 | 809 4406 V 99 w(f)890 4389 y Fh(i)p 918 4294 37 4 v 918 |
| | 25489 | 4374 a Fw(f)955 4389 y Fh(i)1011 4374 y Fn(!)f Fw(Z)1198 |
| | 25490 | 4337 y Fl(0)1237 4374 y Fw(A)1310 4337 y Fl(0)p 2671 |
| | 25491 | 4406 4 121 v 2722 4374 a Fw([Eic84])p 3403 4406 V 371 |
| | 25492 | 4526 V 430 4494 a(+)p 560 4526 V 108 w(177)p 809 4526 |
| | 25493 | V 99 w(f)890 4509 y Fh(i)p 918 4415 37 4 v 918 4494 a |
| | 25494 | Fw(f)955 4509 y Fh(j)1019 4494 y Fn(!)h Fw(W)1248 4458 |
| | 25495 | y Fl(+)1307 4494 y Fw(A)1380 4458 y Fl(0)p 2671 4526 |
| | 25496 | 4 121 v 2722 4494 a Fw([Eic84])p 3403 4526 V 371 4647 |
| | 25497 | V 430 4614 a(+)p 560 4647 V 108 w(178)p 809 4647 V 99 |
| | 25498 | w(f)890 4629 y Fh(i)918 4614 y Fw(f)948 4629 y Fh(j)1012 |
| | 25499 | 4614 y Fn(!)g Fw(f)1170 4629 y Fh(i)1198 4614 y Fw(f)1228 |
| | 25500 | 4629 y Fh(j)1264 4614 y Fw(A)1337 4578 y Fl(0)1409 4614 |
| | 25501 | y Fw(\(ZZ)k(fusion\))p 2671 4647 V 832 w([Cah84])p 3403 |
| | 25502 | 4647 V 371 4767 V 430 4735 a(+)p 560 4767 V 108 w(179)p |
| | 25503 | 809 4767 V 99 w(f)890 4750 y Fh(i)918 4735 y Fw(f)948 |
| | 25504 | 4750 y Fh(j)1012 4735 y Fn(!)c Fw(f)1170 4750 y Fh(k)1212 |
| | 25505 | 4735 y Fw(f)1242 4750 y Fh(l)1268 4735 y Fw(A)1341 4699 |
| | 25506 | y Fl(0)1413 4735 y Fw(\(W)1552 4699 y Fl(+)1612 4735 |
| | 25507 | y Fw(W)1713 4699 y Fk(\000)1805 4735 y Fw(fusion\))p |
| | 25508 | 2671 4767 V 626 w([Cah84])p 3403 4767 V 371 4888 V 430 |
| | 25509 | 4855 a(+)p 560 4888 V 108 w(181)p 809 4888 V 99 w(gg)h |
| | 25510 | Fn(!)e Fw(Q)1190 4870 y Fh(k)p 1233 4777 76 4 v 1233 |
| | 25511 | 4855 a Fw(Q)1309 4879 y Fh(k)1351 4855 y Fw(H)1424 4819 |
| | 25512 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)p 2671 4888 4 121 v 2722 4855 a Fw([Kun84])p |
| | 25513 | 3403 4888 V 371 5008 V 430 4975 a(+)p 560 5008 V 108 |
| | 25514 | w(182)p 809 5008 V 99 w(q)911 4990 y Fh(i)p 940 4923 |
| | 25515 | 52 4 v 940 4975 a Fw(q)992 4999 y Fh(i)1047 4975 y Fn(!)h |
| | 25516 | Fw(Q)1251 4990 y Fh(k)p 1293 4897 76 4 v 1293 4975 a |
| | 25517 | Fw(Q)1369 4999 y Fh(k)1412 4975 y Fw(H)1485 4939 y Fk(0)p |
| | 25518 | Fl(0)p 2671 5008 4 121 v 2722 4975 a Fw([Kun84])p 3403 |
| | 25519 | 5008 V 371 5128 V 430 5096 a(+)p 560 5128 V 108 w(186)p |
| | 25520 | 809 5128 V 99 w(gg)h Fn(!)e Fw(Q)1190 5111 y Fh(k)p 1233 |
| | 25521 | 5018 76 4 v 1233 5096 a Fw(Q)1309 5119 y Fh(k)1351 5096 |
| | 25522 | y Fw(A)1424 5060 y Fl(0)p 2671 5128 4 121 v 2722 5096 |
| | 25523 | a Fw([Kun84])p 3403 5128 V 371 5249 V 430 5216 a(+)p |
| | 25524 | 560 5249 V 108 w(187)p 809 5249 V 99 w(q)911 5231 y Fh(i)p |
| | 25525 | 940 5163 52 4 v 940 5216 a Fw(q)992 5240 y Fh(i)1047 |
| | 25526 | 5216 y Fn(!)h Fw(Q)1251 5231 y Fh(k)p 1293 5138 76 4 |
| | 25527 | v 1293 5216 a Fw(Q)1369 5240 y Fh(k)1412 5216 y Fw(A)1485 |
| | 25528 | 5180 y Fl(0)p 2671 5249 4 121 v 2722 5216 a Fw([Kun84])p |
| | 25529 | 3403 5249 V 373 5252 3034 4 v 1817 5953 a(116)p eop |
| | 25530 | %%Page: 117 123 |
| | 25531 | 117 122 bop 0 -18 a Fw(or)35 b(accessible)h(form,)f(or)h(where)h(c)m |
| | 25532 | (hance)g(lead)e(us.)53 b(Ap)s(ologies)34 b(to)h(all)e(matrix-elemen)m |
| | 25533 | (t)h(calculators)0 90 y(who)i(are)g(not)f(men)m(tioned.)53 |
| | 25534 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)39 b(remem)m(b)s(er)c(that)h(this)f(is)h(not)f(a)h |
| | 25535 | (review)g(article)e(on)i(ph)m(ysics)0 198 y(pro)s(cesses,)f(but)d(only) |
| | 25536 | g(a)g(w)m(a)m(y)i(for)e(readers)h(to)f(kno)m(w)h(what)g(is)f(actually)f |
| | 25537 | (found)h(in)g(the)h(program,)e(for)0 307 y(b)s(etter)i(or)f(w)m(orse.) |
| | 25538 | 46 b(In)33 b(sev)m(eral)g(instances,)h(errata)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f |
| | 25539 | (obtained)g(from)e(the)i(authors.)44 b(Often)0 415 y(the)j(form)m(ulae) |
| | 25540 | e(giv)m(en)i(in)e(the)i(literature)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)g |
| | 25541 | (generalized)e(to)g(include)g(trivial)e(radiativ)m(e)0 |
| | 25542 | 523 y(corrections,)33 b(Breit{Wigner)e(line)g(shap)s(es)j(with)i(^)-53 |
| | 25543 | b Fj(s)p Fw(-dep)s(enden)m(t)34 b(widths)f(\(see)h(section)e(7.3\),)h |
| | 25544 | (etc.)146 632 y(The)46 b(follo)m(wing)c(sections)j(con)m(tain)g(some)f |
| | 25545 | (useful)h(commen)m(ts)f(on)h(the)g(pro)s(cesses)i(included)d(in)0 |
| | 25546 | 740 y(the)32 b(program,)f(group)s(ed)h(b)m(y)h(ph)m(ysics)g(in)m |
| | 25547 | (terest)g(rather)f(than)g(sequen)m(tially)f(b)m(y)i(ISUB)g(or)e |
| | 25548 | Fq(MSEL)i Fw(co)s(de)0 848 y(\(see)38 b(9.2)f(for)f(further)i |
| | 25549 | (information)c(on)j(the)g Fq(MSEL)h Fw(co)s(de\).)57 |
| | 25550 | b(The)39 b(di\013eren)m(t)e(ISUB)g(and)h Fq(MSEL)g Fw(co)s(des)0 |
| | 25551 | 957 y(that)c(can)g(b)s(e)g(used)h(to)f(sim)m(ulate)e(the)j(di\013eren)m |
| | 25552 | (t)f(groups)g(are)g(giv)m(en.)48 b(ISUB)35 b(co)s(des)g(within)d(brac)m |
| | 25553 | (k)m(ets)0 1065 y(indicate)41 b(the)h(kind)f(of)g(pro)s(cesses)j(that)d |
| | 25554 | (indirectly)g(in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)g(the)h(giv)m(en)g(ph)m(ysics)h(topic,)h |
| | 25555 | (although)0 1173 y(only)29 b(as)h(part)g(of)f(a)h(larger)e(whole.)43 |
| | 25556 | b(Some)29 b(ob)m(vious)h(examples,)g(suc)m(h)i(as)e(the)g(p)s |
| | 25557 | (ossibilit)m(y)d(to)j(pro)s(duce)0 1282 y(jets)j(in)f(just)h(ab)s(out)f |
| | 25558 | (an)m(y)h(pro)s(cess,)h(are)f(not)f(sp)s(elled)g(out)h(in)e(detail.)146 |
| | 25559 | 1390 y(The)g(text)f(at)f(times)f(con)m(tains)i(information)c(on)j(whic) |
| | 25560 | m(h)h(sp)s(ecial)e(switc)m(hes)j(or)e(parameters)h(are)f(of)0 |
| | 25561 | 1498 y(particular)f(in)m(terest)j(to)f(a)g(giv)m(en)g(pro)s(cess.)44 |
| | 25562 | b(All)29 b(these)i(switc)m(hes)h(are)e(describ)s(ed)h(in)e(detail)g(in) |
| | 25563 | g(section)0 1607 y(9.3,)35 b(but)g(are)g(alluded)f(to)g(here)i(so)f(as) |
| | 25564 | g(to)g(pro)m(vide)g(a)f(more)h(complete)f(picture)h(of)f(the)h(p)s |
| | 25565 | (ossibilities)0 1715 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(for)i(the)h(di\013eren)m |
| | 25566 | (t)f(subpro)s(cesses.)55 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)39 b(the)d(list)e(of)h(p)s |
| | 25567 | (ossibilities)d(is)j(certainly)g(not)0 1823 y(exhausted)f(b)m(y)g(the)f |
| | 25568 | (text)g(b)s(elo)m(w.)0 2097 y Fp(8.2)135 b(QCD)45 b(Pro)t(cesses)0 |
| | 25569 | 2270 y Fw(In)38 b(this)e(section)i(w)m(e)g(discuss)h(scatterings)e |
| | 25570 | (exclusiv)m(ely)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(coloured)e(partons)h(|)e(a)h(pro)s |
| | 25571 | (cess)0 2378 y(lik)m(e)d(e)224 2342 y Fl(+)284 2378 y |
| | 25572 | Fw(e)327 2342 y Fk(\000)417 2378 y Fn(!)e Fj(\015)605 |
| | 25573 | 2342 y Fk(\003)644 2378 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)753 2342 y Fl(0)823 |
| | 25574 | 2378 y Fn(!)g Fw(q)p 1006 2325 52 4 v(q)j(is)g(also)f(traditionally)d |
| | 25575 | (called)i(a)i(QCD)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)i(but)e(is)f(here)i(b)s(o)s(ok-k)m |
| | 25576 | (ept)0 2487 y(as)d Fj(\015)176 2450 y Fk(\003)215 2487 |
| | 25577 | y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)324 2450 y Fl(0)396 2487 y Fw(pro)s(duction.)0 |
| | 25578 | 2734 y Fo(8.2.1)112 b(QCD)38 b(jets)0 2907 y Fq(MSEL)c |
| | 25579 | Fw(=)e(1,)g(2)0 3015 y(ISUB)h(=)50 3112 y(11)99 b(q)298 |
| | 25580 | 3127 y Fh(i)327 3112 y Fw(q)378 3127 y Fh(j)442 3112 |
| | 25581 | y Fn(!)28 b Fw(q)621 3127 y Fh(i)649 3112 y Fw(q)700 |
| | 25582 | 3127 y Fh(j)50 3232 y Fw(12)99 b(q)298 3247 y Fh(i)p |
| | 25583 | 327 3179 V 327 3232 a Fw(q)378 3255 y Fh(i)434 3232 y |
| | 25584 | Fn(!)27 b Fw(q)612 3247 y Fh(k)p 655 3179 V 655 3232 |
| | 25585 | a Fw(q)707 3255 y Fh(k)50 3352 y Fw(13)99 b(q)298 3367 |
| | 25586 | y Fh(i)p 327 3299 V 327 3352 a Fw(q)378 3376 y Fh(i)434 |
| | 25587 | 3352 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(gg)50 3473 y(28)99 b(q)298 3488 y |
| | 25588 | Fh(i)327 3473 y Fw(g)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(q)583 3488 y Fh(i)611 |
| | 25589 | 3473 y Fw(g)50 3593 y(53)99 b(gg)29 b Fn(!)e Fw(q)552 |
| | 25590 | 3608 y Fh(k)p 595 3540 V 595 3593 a Fw(q)647 3617 y Fh(k)50 |
| | 25591 | 3713 y Fw(68)99 b(gg)29 b Fn(!)e Fw(gg)146 3823 y(No)d(higher-order)f |
| | 25592 | (pro)s(cesses)j(are)e(explicitly)f(included,)i(nor)f(an)m(y)h |
| | 25593 | (higher-order)e(lo)s(op)f(corrections)0 3932 y(to)h(the)h(2)k |
| | 25594 | Fn(!)f Fw(2)d(pro)s(cesses.)42 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)28 |
| | 25595 | b(b)m(y)d(initial-)19 b(and)24 b(\014nal-state)f(QCD)g(radiation,)h(m)m |
| | 25596 | (ultijet)d(ev)m(en)m(ts)0 4040 y(are)48 b(b)s(eing)f(generated,)52 |
| | 25597 | b(starting)47 b(from)g(the)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(pro)s(cesses.)91 |
| | 25598 | b(The)49 b(sho)m(w)m(er)h(rate)d(of)h(m)m(ultijet)0 4149 |
| | 25599 | y(pro)s(duction)32 b(is)g(clearly)g(uncertain)g(b)m(y)i(some)e(amoun)m |
| | 25600 | (t,)g(esp)s(ecially)g(for)g(w)m(ell-separated)g(jets.)146 |
| | 25601 | 4257 y(A)44 b(string-based)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(sc)m(heme)k(suc)m(h)f |
| | 25602 | (as)f(the)h(Lund)f(mo)s(del)e(needs)k(cross)f(sections)0 |
| | 25603 | 4365 y(for)37 b(the)i(di\013eren)m(t)f(colour)f(\015o)m(ws;)42 |
| | 25604 | b(these)d(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)e(calculated)f(in)h([Ben84])g(and)g |
| | 25605 | (di\013er)f(from)g(the)0 4474 y(usual)26 b(calculations)e(b)m(y)j(in)m |
| | 25606 | (terference)g(terms)g(of)e(the)i(order)f(1)p Fj(=)-5 |
| | 25607 | b(N)2383 4437 y Fl(2)2373 4498 y Fh(C)2432 4474 y Fw(.)41 |
| | 25608 | b(By)27 b(default,)f(the)h(standard)g(QCD)0 4582 y(expressions)k(for)e |
| | 25609 | (the)h(di\013eren)m(tial)d(cross)k(sections)f(are)f(used.)44 |
| | 25610 | b(In)29 b(this)g(case,)i(the)f(in)m(terference)h(terms)0 |
| | 25611 | 4690 y(are)36 b(distributed)g(on)g(the)g(v)-5 b(arious)35 |
| | 25612 | b(colour)g(\015o)m(ws)j(according)d(to)h(the)g(p)s(ole)f(structure)i |
| | 25613 | (of)f(the)g(terms.)0 4799 y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)f(the)e(in)m(terference)h |
| | 25614 | (terms)e(can)h(b)s(e)g(excluded,)h(b)m(y)f(c)m(hanging)h |
| | 25615 | Fq(MSTP\(34\))146 4907 y Fw(As)44 b(an)f(example,)i(consider)e(subpro)s |
| | 25616 | (cess)i(28,)h(qg)h Fn(!)e Fw(qg)q(.)75 b(The)44 b(total)d(cross)j |
| | 25617 | (section)f(for)g(this)0 5015 y(pro)s(cess,)33 b(obtained)d(b)m(y)i |
| | 25618 | (summing)d(and)i(squaring)g(the)g(F)-8 b(eynman)35 b(^)-53 |
| | 25619 | b Fj(s)p Fw(-,)2619 4997 y(^)2618 5015 y Fj(t)p Fw(-,)31 |
| | 25620 | b(and)37 b(^)-55 b Fj(u)o Fw(-c)m(hannel)31 b(graphs,)h(is)0 |
| | 25621 | 5124 y([Com77)o(])1226 5306 y(2)1292 5160 y Fg( )1357 |
| | 25622 | 5306 y Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)1543 5239 y Fw(^)-55 b Fj(u)t |
| | 25623 | Fw(^)i Fj(s)p 1537 5283 102 4 v 1552 5362 a Fw(^)1550 |
| | 25624 | 5381 y Fj(t)1585 5352 y Fl(2)1649 5160 y Fg(!)1736 5306 |
| | 25625 | y Fn(\000)1846 5239 y Fw(4)p 1846 5283 49 4 v 1846 5375 |
| | 25626 | a(9)1921 5160 y Fg( )2006 5239 y Fw(^)g Fj(s)p 1997 5283 |
| | 25627 | 56 4 v 2003 5375 a Fw(^)e Fj(u)2085 5306 y Fw(+)2199 |
| | 25628 | 5239 y(^)g Fj(u)p 2193 5283 V 2202 5375 a Fw(^)i Fj(s)2258 |
| | 25629 | 5160 y Fg(!)2346 5306 y Fn(\000)23 b Fw(1)32 b Fj(:)1003 |
| | 25630 | b Fw(\(111\))0 5547 y(\(An)31 b(o)m(v)m(erall)g(factor)g |
| | 25631 | Fj(\031)t(\013)907 5511 y Fl(2)906 5572 y(s)946 5547 |
| | 25632 | y Fj(=)t Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)1041 5511 y Fl(2)1111 5547 y |
| | 25633 | Fw(is)31 b(ignored.\))42 b(Using)31 b(the)h(iden)m(tit)m(y)f(of)g(the)g |
| | 25634 | (Mandelstam)g(v)-5 b(ariables)30 b(for)1817 5953 y(117)p |
| | 25635 | eop |
| | 25636 | %%Page: 118 124 |
| | 25637 | 118 123 bop 0 -18 a Fw(the)33 b(massless)g(case,)38 b(^)-53 |
| | 25638 | b Fj(s)22 b Fw(+)956 -37 y(^)955 -18 y Fj(t)g Fw(+)28 |
| | 25639 | b(^)-55 b Fj(u)27 b Fw(=)h(0,)k(this)g(can)h(b)s(e)g(rewritten)g(as) |
| | 25640 | 1401 178 y(^)-53 b Fj(s)1443 142 y Fl(2)1504 178 y Fw(+)28 |
| | 25641 | b(^)-55 b Fj(u)1658 142 y Fl(2)p 1397 222 301 4 v 1511 |
| | 25642 | 301 a Fw(^)1510 319 y Fj(t)1545 291 y Fl(2)1729 245 y |
| | 25643 | Fn(\000)1839 178 y Fw(4)p 1839 222 49 4 v 1839 314 a(9)1914 |
| | 25644 | 99 y Fg( )1999 178 y Fw(^)i Fj(s)p 1990 222 56 4 v 1996 |
| | 25645 | 314 a Fw(^)e Fj(u)2077 245 y Fw(+)2192 178 y(^)f Fj(u)p |
| | 25646 | 2185 222 V 2194 314 a Fw(^)j Fj(s)2251 99 y Fg(!)2366 |
| | 25647 | 245 y Fj(:)1164 b Fw(\(112\))146 509 y(On)23 b(the)f(other)h(hand,)h |
| | 25648 | (the)f(cross)g(sections)g(for)f(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(p)s(ossible)f(colour) |
| | 25649 | f(\015o)m(ws)j(of)d(this)h(subpro)s(cess)0 617 y(are)33 |
| | 25650 | b([Ben84])1411 886 y Fj(A)27 b Fw(:)1714 819 y(4)p 1714 |
| | 25651 | 863 49 4 v 1714 955 a(9)1790 740 y Fg( )1856 886 y Fw(2)1921 |
| | 25652 | 819 y(^)-55 b Fj(u)1971 783 y Fl(2)p 1915 863 95 4 v |
| | 25653 | 1926 942 a Fw(^)1925 961 y Fj(t)1960 932 y Fl(2)2041 |
| | 25654 | 886 y Fn(\000)2157 819 y Fw(^)g Fj(u)p 2151 863 56 4 |
| | 25655 | v 2160 955 a Fw(^)i Fj(s)2216 740 y Fg(!)2331 886 y Fw(;)1405 |
| | 25656 | 1169 y Fj(B)32 b Fw(:)1714 1101 y(4)p 1714 1145 49 4 |
| | 25657 | v 1714 1237 a(9)1790 1023 y Fg( )1856 1169 y Fw(2)1919 |
| | 25658 | 1101 y(^)-53 b Fj(s)1961 1065 y Fl(2)p 1915 1145 86 4 |
| | 25659 | v 1922 1225 a Fw(^)1920 1243 y Fj(t)1955 1214 y Fl(2)2032 |
| | 25660 | 1169 y Fn(\000)2150 1101 y Fw(^)g Fj(s)p 2141 1145 56 |
| | 25661 | 4 v 2147 1237 a Fw(^)e Fj(u)2207 1023 y Fg(!)2322 1169 |
| | 25662 | y Fj(:)1208 b Fw(\(113\))0 1432 y(Colour)36 b(con\014guration)g |
| | 25663 | Fj(A)h Fw(is)g(one)g(in)f(whic)m(h)i(the)f(original)d(colour)i(of)g |
| | 25664 | (the)i(q)f(annihilates)e(with)i(the)0 1541 y(an)m(ticolour)h(of)i(the)g |
| | 25665 | (g)q(,)i(the)e(g)h(colour)e(\015o)m(ws)j(through,)f(and)f(a)g(new)h |
| | 25666 | (colour{an)m(ticolour)c(is)j(created)0 1649 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)33 |
| | 25667 | b(the)f(\014nal)f(q)g(and)h(g)q(.)43 b(In)32 b(colour)e |
| | 25668 | (con\014guration)h Fj(B)5 b Fw(,)31 b(the)h(gluon)e(an)m(ticolour)g |
| | 25669 | (\015o)m(ws)i(through,)0 1757 y(but)f(the)g(q)g(and)g(g)h(colours)e |
| | 25670 | (are)h(in)m(terc)m(hanged.)43 b(Note)31 b(that)g(these)h(t)m(w)m(o)f |
| | 25671 | (colour)f(con\014gurations)g(ha)m(v)m(e)0 1866 y(di\013eren)m(t)39 |
| | 25672 | b(kinematics)f(dep)s(endence.)65 b(F)-8 b(or)38 b Fq(MSTP\(34\)=0)p |
| | 25673 | Fw(,)44 b(these)c(are)f(the)g(cross)h(sections)g(actually)0 |
| | 25674 | 1974 y(used.)146 2082 y(The)34 b(sum)e(of)g(the)h Fj(A)g |
| | 25675 | Fw(and)g Fj(B)k Fw(con)m(tributions)32 b(is)1362 2259 |
| | 25676 | y(8)p 1362 2304 49 4 v 1362 2395 a(9)1435 2259 y(^)-53 |
| | 25677 | b Fj(s)1477 2223 y Fl(2)1539 2259 y Fw(+)28 b(^)-55 b |
| | 25678 | Fj(u)1693 2223 y Fl(2)p 1431 2304 301 4 v 1545 2383 a |
| | 25679 | Fw(^)1544 2401 y Fj(t)1579 2372 y Fl(2)1764 2327 y Fn(\000)1873 |
| | 25680 | 2259 y Fw(4)p 1873 2304 49 4 v 1873 2395 a(9)1949 2181 |
| | 25681 | y Fg( )2033 2259 y Fw(^)i Fj(s)p 2024 2304 56 4 v 2030 |
| | 25682 | 2395 a Fw(^)e Fj(u)2112 2327 y Fw(+)2226 2259 y(^)g Fj(u)p |
| | 25683 | 2220 2304 V 2229 2395 a Fw(^)i Fj(s)2285 2181 y Fg(!)2400 |
| | 25684 | 2327 y Fj(:)1130 b Fw(\(114\))0 2596 y(The)37 b(di\013erence)f(b)s(et)m |
| | 25685 | (w)m(een)i(this)d(expression)i(and)f(that)f(of)g([Com77],)h(corresp)s |
| | 25686 | (onding)g(to)f(the)h(in)m(ter-)0 2704 y(ference)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h |
| | 25687 | (the)e(t)m(w)m(o)g(colour-\015o)m(w)f(con\014gurations,)g(is)g(then) |
| | 25688 | 1675 2898 y(1)p 1675 2942 49 4 v 1675 3033 a(9)1748 2898 |
| | 25689 | y(^)-53 b Fj(s)1790 2861 y Fl(2)1852 2898 y Fw(+)28 b(^)-55 |
| | 25690 | b Fj(u)2006 2861 y Fl(2)p 1744 2942 301 4 v 1858 3021 |
| | 25691 | a Fw(^)1857 3039 y Fj(t)1892 3010 y Fl(2)2087 2965 y |
| | 25692 | Fj(;)1443 b Fw(\(115\))0 3203 y(whic)m(h)33 b(can)g(b)s(e)g(naturally)e |
| | 25693 | (divided)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(colour)c(\015o)m(ws)j Fj(A)f |
| | 25694 | Fw(and)f Fj(B)5 b Fw(:)1616 3464 y Fj(A)28 b Fw(:)1920 |
| | 25695 | 3396 y(1)p 1920 3441 49 4 v 1920 3532 a(9)1995 3396 y(^)-55 |
| | 25696 | b Fj(u)2045 3360 y Fl(2)p 1989 3441 95 4 v 2000 3520 |
| | 25697 | a Fw(^)1999 3538 y Fj(t)2034 3509 y Fl(2)2126 3464 y |
| | 25698 | Fw(;)1610 3718 y Fj(B)33 b Fw(:)1920 3650 y(1)p 1920 |
| | 25699 | 3694 49 4 v 1920 3786 a(9)1993 3650 y(^)-53 b Fj(s)2035 |
| | 25700 | 3614 y Fl(2)p 1989 3694 86 4 v 1996 3774 a Fw(^)1994 |
| | 25701 | 3792 y Fj(t)2029 3763 y Fl(2)2116 3718 y Fj(:)1414 b |
| | 25702 | Fw(\(116\))0 3956 y(F)-8 b(or)45 b Fq(MSTP\(34\)=1)p |
| | 25703 | Fw(,)52 b(the)47 b(standard)f(QCD)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(t)i(is)f |
| | 25704 | (therefore)i(used,)k(with)45 b(the)i(same)0 4064 y(relativ)m(e)c(imp)s |
| | 25705 | (ortance)f(of)h(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(colour)e(con\014gurations)g(as)h(ab)s |
| | 25706 | (o)m(v)m(e.)77 b(Similar)40 b(pro)s(cedures)45 b(are)0 |
| | 25707 | 4173 y(follo)m(w)m(ed)32 b(also)f(for)h(the)h(other)g(QCD)f(subpro)s |
| | 25708 | (cesses.)146 4281 y(All)42 b(the)h(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts)i(in)e(this)h |
| | 25709 | (group)g(are)g(for)g(massless)h(quarks)g(\(although)e(\014nal-state)0 |
| | 25710 | 4389 y(quarks)27 b(are)g(of)e(course)j(put)e(on)g(the)h(mass)f |
| | 25711 | (shell\).)40 b(As)27 b(a)f(consequence,)31 b(cross)c(sections)f(are)h |
| | 25712 | (div)m(ergen)m(t)0 4498 y(for)37 b Fj(p)203 4513 y Fk(?)298 |
| | 25713 | 4498 y Fn(!)e Fw(0,)k(and)e(some)h(kind)f(of)g(regularization)e(is)h |
| | 25714 | (required.)59 b(Normally)35 b(y)m(ou)j(are)g(exp)s(ected)h(to)0 |
| | 25715 | 4606 y(set)33 b(the)g(desired)g Fj(p)700 4621 y Fk(?)p |
| | 25716 | Fl(min)910 4606 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(in)f Fq(CKIN\(3\))p |
| | 25717 | Fw(.)146 4714 y(The)i(new)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(pro)s(duced)g(in)f(the)g |
| | 25718 | (annihilation)d(pro)s(cesses)34 b(\(ISUB)e(=)g(12)g(and)g(53\))g(is)f |
| | 25719 | (deter-)0 4823 y(mined)h(b)m(y)h(the)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h(allo)m(w)m |
| | 25720 | (ed)e(for)g(gluon)g(splitting)e(in)m(to)i(quark{an)m(tiquark;)h(see)h |
| | 25721 | (switc)m(h)f Fq(MDME)p Fw(.)0 5069 y Fo(8.2.2)112 b(Hea)m(vy)38 |
| | 25722 | b(\015a)m(v)m(ours)0 5241 y Fq(MSEL)c Fw(=)e(4,)g(5,)h(6,)f(7,)h(8)0 |
| | 25723 | 5350 y(ISUB)g(=)126 5446 y(81)99 b(q)374 5461 y Fh(i)p |
| | 25724 | 403 5393 52 4 v 403 5446 a Fw(q)454 5469 y Fh(i)510 5446 |
| | 25725 | y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Q)713 5461 y Fh(k)p 756 5368 76 4 v 756 |
| | 25726 | 5446 a Fw(Q)832 5469 y Fh(k)126 5566 y Fw(82)99 b(gg)28 |
| | 25727 | b Fn(!)g Fw(Q)653 5581 y Fh(k)p 695 5488 V 695 5566 a |
| | 25728 | Fw(Q)771 5590 y Fh(k)50 5687 y Fw(\(83\))99 b(q)374 5702 |
| | 25729 | y Fh(i)403 5687 y Fw(f)433 5702 y Fh(j)497 5687 y Fn(!)27 |
| | 25730 | b Fj(Q)701 5702 y Fh(k)744 5687 y Fj(f)792 5702 y Fh(l)1817 |
| | 25731 | 5953 y Fw(118)p eop |
| | 25732 | %%Page: 119 125 |
| | 25733 | 119 124 bop 146 -18 a Fw(The)43 b(matrix)d(elemen)m(ts)i(in)e(this)i |
| | 25734 | (group)f(di\013er)g(from)f(the)i(corresp)s(onding)g(ones)g(in)f(the)h |
| | 25735 | (group)0 90 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)36 b(in)e(that)h(they)i(correctly)e(tak)m |
| | 25736 | (e)h(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t)i(the)g(quark)g(masses.)52 |
| | 25737 | b(As)36 b(a)f(consequence,)k(the)0 198 y(cross)33 b(sections)g(are)f |
| | 25738 | (\014nite)f(for)h Fj(p)1211 213 y Fk(?)1297 198 y Fn(!)c |
| | 25739 | Fw(0.)43 b(It)32 b(is)f(therefore)i(not)f(necessary)i(to)e(in)m(tro)s |
| | 25740 | (duce)g(an)m(y)g(sp)s(ecial)0 307 y(cuts.)146 415 y(The)48 |
| | 25741 | b(t)m(w)m(o)f(\014rst)h(pro)s(cesses)g(that)f(app)s(ear)f(here)i(are)f |
| | 25742 | (the)g(dominan)m(t)e(lo)m(w)m(est-order)i(graphs)g(in)0 |
| | 25743 | 523 y(hadron)31 b(colliders)f(|)h(a)g(few)h(other)g(graphs)f(will)e(b)s |
| | 25744 | (e)j(men)m(tioned)f(later,)g(suc)m(h)i(as)e(pro)s(cess)i(83,)e(whic)m |
| | 25745 | (h)0 632 y(is)h(imp)s(ortan)m(t)f(for)h(a)g(hea)m(vy)i(top.)146 |
| | 25746 | 740 y(The)g(c)m(hoice)f(of)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(to)g(pro)s(duce)g(is)f |
| | 25747 | (according)g(to)g(a)g(hierarc)m(h)m(y)i(of)e(options:)119 |
| | 25748 | 853 y(1.)49 b(if)38 b Fq(MSEL=4-8)d Fw(then)e(the)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)h |
| | 25749 | (is)e(set)h(b)m(y)g(the)g Fq(MSEL)h Fw(v)-5 b(alue;)119 |
| | 25750 | 971 y(2.)49 b(else)33 b(if)38 b Fq(MSTP\(7\)=1-8)d Fw(then)f(the)f |
| | 25751 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)g(is)f(set)i(b)m(y)f(the)g Fq(MSTP\(7\))h |
| | 25752 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue;)119 1089 y(3.)49 b(else)28 b(the)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)f |
| | 25753 | (is)g(determined)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(hea)m(viest)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(allo)m |
| | 25754 | (w)m(ed)e(for)h(gluon)e(splitting)g(in)m(to)244 1197 |
| | 25755 | y(quark{an)m(tiquark;)33 b(see)h(switc)m(h)f Fq(MDME)p |
| | 25756 | Fw(.)0 1310 y(Note)k(that)f(only)g(one)h(hea)m(vy)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g |
| | 25757 | (is)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(at)g(a)g(time;)h(if)f(more)g(than)g(one)h(is)f |
| | 25758 | (turned)i(on)e(in)0 1418 y Fq(MDME)p Fw(,)h(only)d(the)i(hea)m(viest)h |
| | 25759 | (will)c(b)s(e)i(pro)s(duced)i(\(as)e(opp)s(osed)h(to)f(the)h(case)g |
| | 25760 | (for)f(ISUB)h(=)g(12)e(and)i(53)0 1527 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)d(where)h |
| | 25761 | (more)e(than)h(one)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(sim)m |
| | 25762 | (ultaneously\).)146 1635 y(The)49 b(lo)m(w)m(est-order)g(pro)s(cesses)h |
| | 25763 | (listed)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(just)f(represen)m(t)i(one)f(source)g(of)e |
| | 25764 | (hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)0 1743 y(pro)s(duction.)42 |
| | 25765 | b(Hea)m(vy)33 b(quarks)g(can)e(also)g(b)s(e)g(presen)m(t)i(in)d(the)i |
| | 25766 | (parton)f(distributions)f(at)h(the)h Fj(Q)3508 1707 y |
| | 25767 | Fl(2)3578 1743 y Fw(scale)0 1852 y(of)c(the)g(hard)g(in)m(teraction,)g |
| | 25768 | (leading)e(to)i(pro)s(cesses)i(lik)m(e)d(Qg)i Fn(!)e |
| | 25769 | Fw(Qg)q(,)i(so-called)e(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(excitation,)f(or)0 |
| | 25770 | 1960 y(they)i(can)f(b)s(e)g(created)h(b)m(y)g(gluon)d(splittings)h(g)g |
| | 25771 | Fn(!)g Fw(Q)p 1953 1882 76 4 v(Q)g(in)g(initial-)d(or)k(\014nal-state)f |
| | 25772 | (sho)m(w)m(er)i(ev)m(olution.)0 2068 y(In)i(fact,)g(as)g(the)g(c.m.)43 |
| | 25773 | b(energy)33 b(is)e(increased,)i(these)g(other)f(pro)s(cesses)i(gain)d |
| | 25774 | (in)g(imp)s(ortance)f(relativ)m(e)0 2177 y(to)24 b(the)h(lo)m(w)m |
| | 25775 | (est-order)f(pro)s(duction)g(graphs)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)41 |
| | 25776 | b(As)25 b(as)g(example,)g(only)f(10\045)g(of)g(the)h(b)f(pro)s(duction) |
| | 25777 | 0 2285 y(at)k(LHC)g(energies)h(come)e(from)g(the)h(lo)m(w)m(est-order)h |
| | 25778 | (graphs.)42 b(The)29 b(\014gure)f(is)g(ev)m(en)h(smaller)d(for)i(c)m |
| | 25779 | (harm,)0 2393 y(while)h(it)g(is)h(at)f(or)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(50\045)e |
| | 25780 | (for)h(top.)42 b(A)m(t)31 b(LHC)f(energies,)h(the)g(sp)s(ecialized)e |
| | 25781 | (treatmen)m(t)h(describ)s(ed)0 2502 y(in)42 b(this)g(subsection)h(is)f |
| | 25782 | (therefore)h(only)f(of)g(in)m(terest)h(for)f(top)g(\(and)h(p)s(oten)m |
| | 25783 | (tial)e(fourth-generation)0 2610 y(quarks\))26 b(|)e(the)h |
| | 25784 | (higher-order)f(corrections)h(can)g(here)g(b)s(e)g(appro)m(ximated)f(b) |
| | 25785 | m(y)i(an)e(e\013ectiv)m(e)i Fj(K)32 b Fw(factor,)0 2718 |
| | 25786 | y(except)g(p)s(ossibly)d(in)h(some)g(rare)g(corners)h(of)e(phase)i |
| | 25787 | (space.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)29 b(c)m(harm)h(and)h(b)s(ottom,)e(on)h(the)g |
| | 25788 | (other)0 2827 y(hand,)48 b(it)43 b(is)h(necessary)j(to)d(sim)m(ulate)f |
| | 25789 | (the)i(full)e(ev)m(en)m(t)j(sample)e(\(within)f(the)i(desired)g |
| | 25790 | (kinematics)0 2935 y(cuts\),)38 b(and)d(then)i(only)e(k)m(eep)j(those)e |
| | 25791 | (ev)m(en)m(ts)i(with)e(b)p Fj(=)p Fw(c)g(either)f(from)g(lo)m(w)m |
| | 25792 | (est-order)h(pro)s(duction,)g(or)0 3043 y(\015a)m(v)m(our)31 |
| | 25793 | b(excitation,)f(or)f(gluon)h(splitting.)40 b(Ob)m(viously)30 |
| | 25794 | b(this)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(a)g(time-consuming)d(en)m(terprise)0 |
| | 25795 | 3152 y(|)h(although)f(the)i(probabilit)m(y)e(for)h(a)g(high-)p |
| | 25796 | Fj(p)1676 3167 y Fk(?)1763 3152 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)i(to)e(con)m(tain)g |
| | 25797 | (\(at)g(least\))h(one)f(c)m(harm)h(or)f(b)s(ottom)0 3260 |
| | 25798 | y(pair)j(is)i(fairly)d(large,)i(most)g(of)g(these)i(hea)m(vy)g(\015a)m |
| | 25799 | (v)m(ours)g(are)e(carrying)g(a)g(small)f(fraction)g(of)h(the)h(total)0 |
| | 25800 | 3368 y Fj(p)49 3383 y Fk(?)141 3368 y Fw(\015o)m(w)g(of)f(the)h(jets,)g |
| | 25801 | (and)g(therefore)g(do)f(not)h(surviv)m(e)h(normal)c(exp)s(erimen)m(tal) |
| | 25802 | i(cuts.)146 3477 y(As)37 b(an)f(aside,)h(it)f(is)f(not)h(only)g(for)g |
| | 25803 | (the)h(lo)m(w)m(est-order)f(graphs)h(that)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(ma)m(y)e(b)s |
| | 25804 | (e)h(generated)0 3585 y(with)h(a)g(guaran)m(teed)h(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m |
| | 25805 | (our)h(con)m(ten)m(t.)62 b(One)39 b(ma)m(y)f(also)g(generate)h(the)f |
| | 25806 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)i(excitation)0 3694 y(pro)s(cess)e(b)m(y)f(itself,)f |
| | 25807 | (in)f(the)i(massless)g(appro)m(ximation,)e(using)h(ISUB)g(=)h(28)e(and) |
| | 25808 | i(setting)f(the)g Fq(KFIN)0 3802 y Fw(arra)m(y)46 b(appropriately)-8 |
| | 25809 | b(.)83 b(No)46 b(tric)m(k)g(exists)h(to)f(force)g(the)h(gluon)e |
| | 25810 | (splittings)f(without)i(in)m(tro)s(ducing)0 3910 y(undesirable)32 |
| | 25811 | b(biases,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)146 4019 y(The)g(cross)f(section)f(for)g |
| | 25812 | (a)g(hea)m(vy)i(quark)g(pair)d(close)h(to)g(threshold)h(can)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 25813 | (mo)s(di\014ed)e(according)0 4127 y(to)k(the)g(form)m(ulae)f(of)g([F)-8 |
| | 25814 | b(ad90)o(],)35 b(see)g Fq(MSTP\(35\))p Fw(.)50 b(Here)35 |
| | 25815 | b(threshold)f(e\013ects)h(due)g(to)f(Q)p 3163 4049 V(Q)f(b)s |
| | 25816 | (ound-state)0 4235 y(formation)g(are)j(tak)m(en)h(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t) |
| | 25817 | h(in)f(a)h(smeared-out,)g(a)m(v)m(erage)h(sense.)55 b(Then)36 |
| | 25818 | b(the)h(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)36 b(cross)0 4344 |
| | 25819 | y(section)24 b(is)f(m)m(ultiplied)d(b)m(y)k(the)g(squared)h(w)m(a)m(v)m |
| | 25820 | (e)g(function)e(at)g(the)h(origin.)38 b(In)24 b(a)f(colour-singlet)e(c) |
| | 25821 | m(hannel)0 4452 y(this)32 b(giv)m(es)h(a)g(net)g(enhancemen)m(t)h(of)e |
| | 25822 | (the)h(form)768 4695 y Fn(j)p Fw(\011)872 4654 y Fl(\()p |
| | 25823 | Fh(s)p Fl(\))963 4695 y Fw(\(0\))p Fn(j)1116 4654 y Fl(2)1182 |
| | 25824 | 4695 y Fw(=)1532 4627 y Fj(X)1613 4642 y Fl(\()p Fh(s)p |
| | 25825 | Fl(\))p 1296 4672 646 4 v 1296 4764 a Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)g |
| | 25826 | Fw(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p Fj(X)1811 4779 y Fl(\()p Fh(s)p |
| | 25827 | Fl(\))1903 4764 y Fw(\))1984 4695 y Fj(;)114 b Fw(where)34 |
| | 25828 | b Fj(X)2488 4711 y Fl(\()p Fh(s)p Fl(\))2607 4695 y Fw(=)2721 |
| | 25829 | 4628 y(4)p 2721 4672 49 4 v 2721 4764 a(3)2789 4628 y |
| | 25830 | Fj(\031)t(\013)2910 4643 y Fl(s)p 2789 4672 153 4 v 2836 |
| | 25831 | 4764 a Fj(\014)2985 4695 y(;)545 b Fw(\(117\))0 4952 |
| | 25832 | y(while)32 b(in)g(a)g(colour)f(o)s(ctet)i(c)m(hannel)g(there)g(is)f(a)h |
| | 25833 | (net)g(suppression)h(giv)m(en)e(b)m(y)764 5196 y Fn(j)p |
| | 25834 | Fw(\011)868 5155 y Fl(\(8\))962 5196 y Fw(\(0\))p Fn(j)1115 |
| | 25835 | 5155 y Fl(2)1181 5196 y Fw(=)1531 5127 y Fj(X)1612 5143 |
| | 25836 | y Fl(\(8\))p 1294 5172 649 4 v 1294 5264 a Fw(exp)q(\()p |
| | 25837 | Fn(\000)p Fj(X)1639 5279 y Fl(\(8\))1734 5264 y Fw(\))22 |
| | 25838 | b Fn(\000)h Fw(1)1985 5196 y Fj(;)114 b Fw(where)34 b |
| | 25839 | Fj(X)2489 5211 y Fl(\(8\))2611 5196 y Fw(=)2725 5128 |
| | 25840 | y(1)p 2725 5172 49 4 v 2725 5264 a(6)2793 5128 y Fj(\031)t(\013)2914 |
| | 25841 | 5143 y Fl(s)p 2793 5172 153 4 v 2840 5264 a Fj(\014)2989 |
| | 25842 | 5196 y(:)541 b Fw(\(118\))0 5453 y(The)37 b Fj(\013)266 |
| | 25843 | 5468 y Fl(s)334 5453 y Fw(factor)f(in)g(this)f(expression)j(is)e |
| | 25844 | (related)g(to)f(the)i(energy)g(scale)g(of)e(b)s(ound-state)i |
| | 25845 | (formation;)0 5561 y(it)e(is)h(selected)i(indep)s(enden)m(tly)f(from)e |
| | 25846 | (the)i(one)g(of)f(the)h(standard)g(pro)s(duction)f(cross)h(section.)56 |
| | 25847 | b(The)0 5669 y(presence)35 b(of)d(a)g(threshold)h(factor)f(a\013ects)h |
| | 25848 | (the)g(total)e(rate)i(and)f(also)g(kinematical)e(distributions.)1817 |
| | 25849 | 5953 y(119)p eop |
| | 25850 | %%Page: 120 126 |
| | 25851 | 120 125 bop 146 -18 a Fw(Hea)m(vy)36 b(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)h(i.e.)48 |
| | 25852 | b(top)35 b(and)f(fourth)g(generation,)h(are)f(assumed)h(to)g(b)s(e)f |
| | 25853 | (so)h(short-liv)m(ed)f(that)0 90 y(they)k(deca)m(y)h(b)s(efore)e(they)h |
| | 25854 | (ha)m(v)m(e)g(time)e(to)h(hadronize.)57 b(This)37 b(means)g(that)g(the) |
| | 25855 | g(ligh)m(t)f(quark)i(in)e(the)0 198 y(deca)m(y)e(Q)27 |
| | 25856 | b Fn(!)h Fw(W)603 162 y Fk(\006)662 198 y Fw(q)33 b(inherits)e(the)i |
| | 25857 | (colour)e(of)h(the)h(hea)m(vy)h(one.)43 b(The)34 b(new)g |
| | 25858 | Fm(Pythia)f Fw(description)f(rep-)0 307 y(resen)m(ts)g(a)e(c)m(hange)g |
| | 25859 | (of)g(philosoph)m(y)g(compared)f(to)h(previous)g(v)m(ersions,)i(form)m |
| | 25860 | (ulated)c(at)i(a)g(time)e(when)0 415 y(the)e(top)f(w)m(as)h(though)m(t) |
| | 25861 | f(to)g(b)s(e)h(m)m(uc)m(h)f(ligh)m(ter)f(than)i(is)e(b)s(eliev)m(ed)i |
| | 25862 | (curren)m(tly)-8 b(.)41 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)29 b(optionally)23 |
| | 25863 | b(the)0 523 y(old)34 b(description)h(ma)m(y)g(still)d(b)s(e)k(used,)h |
| | 25864 | (where)f(top)f(hadrons)h(are)f(formed)f(and)h(these)i(subsequen)m(tly)0 |
| | 25865 | 632 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(to)h(deca)m(y;)k(see)d Fq(MSTP\(48\))h |
| | 25866 | Fw(and)e Fq(MSTP\(49\))p Fw(.)56 b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(ev)m(en)m(t)i(shap)s |
| | 25867 | (es)f(the)g(di\013erence)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)0 740 y(the)d(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 25868 | (time)e(orderings)i(normally)d(has)j(only)f(marginal)d(e\013ects)34 |
| | 25869 | b([Sj\177)-49 b(o92a)o(].)146 848 y(It)42 b(should)g(b)s(e)f(noted)h |
| | 25870 | (that)g(cross)g(section)g(calculations)e(are)h(di\013eren)m(t)h(in)f |
| | 25871 | (the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(cases.)73 b(If)0 957 y(the)36 b(top)g(\(or)g(the)g |
| | 25872 | (fourth)g(generation)f(fermion\))f(is)i(assumed)h(short-liv)m(ed,)f |
| | 25873 | (then)g(it)f(is)h(treated)g(lik)m(e)0 1065 y(a)j(resonance)i(in)d(the)i |
| | 25874 | (sense)h(of)d(section)i(7.6.2,)g(i.e.)63 b(the)40 b(cross-section)g(is) |
| | 25875 | e(reduced)j(so)f(as)f(only)g(to)0 1173 y(corresp)s(ond)f(to)g(the)f(c)m |
| | 25876 | (hannels)i(left)e(op)s(en)g(b)m(y)i(the)f(user.)59 b(This)38 |
| | 25877 | b(also)e(includes)i(the)g(restrictions)f(on)0 1282 y(secondary)f(deca)m |
| | 25878 | (ys,)h(i.e.)49 b(on)34 b(the)h(deca)m(ys)i(of)d(a)g(W)1884 |
| | 25879 | 1245 y Fl(+)1978 1282 y Fw(or)g(a)h(H)2256 1245 y Fl(+)2349 |
| | 25880 | 1282 y Fw(pro)s(duced)h(in)e(the)g(top)h(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 25881 | b(.)51 b(If)34 b(the)0 1390 y(top)28 b(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(form)f |
| | 25882 | (hadrons,)k(no)d(suc)m(h)i(reduction)f(tak)m(es)h(place.)42 |
| | 25883 | b(Branc)m(hing)27 b(ratios)g(then)h(ha)m(v)m(e)0 1498 |
| | 25884 | y(to)j(b)s(e)h(folded)f(in)f(b)m(y)j(hand)f(to)f(get)g(the)h(correct)g |
| | 25885 | (cross)h(sections.)43 b(The)33 b(logic)c(b)s(ehind)j(this)f |
| | 25886 | (di\013erence)0 1607 y(is)37 b(that)g(if)f(hadronization)f(tak)m(es)k |
| | 25887 | (place,)f(one)f(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(e.g.)58 |
| | 25888 | b(to)37 b(deca)m(y)h(the)g(T)3379 1571 y Fl(0)3456 1607 |
| | 25889 | y Fw(and)f(T)3720 1571 y Fl(+)0 1715 y Fw(meson)f(according)f(to)h |
| | 25890 | (di\013eren)m(t)g(branc)m(hing)g(ratios.)53 b(But)36 |
| | 25891 | b(whic)m(h)h(T)f(mesons)h(are)f(to)f(b)s(e)i(formed)e(is)0 |
| | 25892 | 1823 y(not)25 b(kno)m(wn)h(at)f(the)g(top)g(quark)h(creation,)g(so)f |
| | 25893 | (one)g(could)g(not)g(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(for)g(that.)40 b(F)-8 |
| | 25894 | b(or)25 b(a)f(t)h(quark)h(whic)m(h)0 1932 y(deca)m(ys)32 |
| | 25895 | b(rapidly)d(this)h(am)m(biguit)m(y)e(do)s(es)j(not)f(exist,)h(and)f(so) |
| | 25896 | h(a)f(reduction)g(factor)f(can)i(b)s(e)f(in)m(tro)s(duced)0 |
| | 25897 | 2040 y(directly)i(coupled)h(to)f(the)h(t)f(quark)i(pro)s(duction)e(pro) |
| | 25898 | s(cess.)146 2148 y(This)g(rule)f(ab)s(out)g(cross-section)h |
| | 25899 | (calculations)d(applies)i(to)g(all)e(the)j(pro)s(cesses)h(explicitly)d |
| | 25900 | (set)i(up)0 2257 y(to)j(handle)f(hea)m(vy)j(\015a)m(v)m(our)f |
| | 25901 | (creation.)50 b(In)35 b(addition)e(to)h(the)i(ones)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)g |
| | 25902 | (this)f(means)g(all)d(the)k(ones)0 2365 y(in)c(T)-8 b(ables)32 |
| | 25903 | b(11{14)f(where)j(the)e(fermion)f(\014nal)h(state)g(is)g(giv)m(en)g(as) |
| | 25904 | h(capital)d(letters)j(\(`Q')f(and)g(`F'\))g(and)0 2473 |
| | 25905 | y(also)27 b(\015a)m(v)m(ours)j(pro)s(duced)f(in)f(resonance)i(deca)m |
| | 25906 | (ys)g(\(Z)1923 2437 y Fl(0)1962 2473 y Fw(,)f(W)2119 |
| | 25907 | 2437 y Fk(\006)2179 2473 y Fw(,)g(H)2308 2437 y Fl(0)2348 |
| | 25908 | 2473 y Fw(,)g(etc.,)h(including)c(pro)s(cesses)31 b(165)c(and)0 |
| | 25909 | 2582 y(166\).)41 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)31 b(hea)m(vy)e(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g |
| | 25910 | (can)e(also)g(b)s(e)h(pro)s(duced)g(in)e(a)i(pro)s(cess)g(suc)m(h)h(as) |
| | 25911 | f(31,)g(q)3264 2597 y Fh(i)3293 2582 y Fw(g)g Fn(!)g |
| | 25912 | Fw(q)3549 2597 y Fh(k)3592 2582 y Fw(W)3693 2546 y Fk(\006)3752 |
| | 25913 | 2582 y Fw(,)0 2690 y(where)40 b(q)339 2705 y Fh(k)420 |
| | 25914 | 2690 y Fw(could)e(b)s(e)h(a)f(top)g(quark.)61 b(In)39 |
| | 25915 | b(this)f(case,)j(the)e(thrust)g(of)f(the)g(description)g(is)g(clearly)g |
| | 25916 | (on)0 2798 y(ligh)m(t)29 b(\015a)m(v)m(ours)j(|)f(the)g(kinematics)f |
| | 25917 | (of)g(the)h(pro)s(cess)h(is)f(form)m(ulated)e(in)h(the)i(massless)f |
| | 25918 | (fermion)e(limit)0 2907 y(|)35 b(so)h(an)m(y)g(top)g(pro)s(duction)f |
| | 25919 | (is)g(purely)h(inciden)m(tal.)51 b(Since)36 b(here)g(the)g(c)m(hoice)g |
| | 25920 | (of)g(scattered)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)0 3015 y(is)f(only)g(done)h(at)f(a)g |
| | 25921 | (later)f(stage,)j(the)f(top)f(branc)m(hing)g(ratios)f(are)i(not)f |
| | 25922 | (correctly)h(folded)e(in)h(to)g(the)0 3123 y(hard)k(scattering)g(cross) |
| | 25923 | h(section.)66 b(So,)41 b(for)f(applications)e(lik)m(e)h(these,)k(it)c |
| | 25924 | (is)h(not)g(recommended)g(to)0 3232 y(restrict)31 b(the)h(allo)m(w)m |
| | 25925 | (ed)e(top)h(deca)m(y)i(mo)s(des.)43 b(Often)31 b(one)g(migh)m(t)f(lik)m |
| | 25926 | (e)g(to)h(get)g(rid)g(of)f(the)i(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d(of)0 |
| | 25927 | 3340 y(pro)s(ducing)f(top)h(together)g(with)f(ligh)m(t)f(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 25928 | (ours.)44 b(This)28 b(can)h(b)s(e)g(done)h(b)m(y)f(switc)m(hing)g |
| | 25929 | (o\013)f(\(i.e.)42 b(setting)0 3448 y Fq(MDME\(I,1\)=0)p |
| | 25930 | Fw(\))d(the)d(`c)m(hannels')h(d)c Fn(!)g Fw(W)1581 3412 |
| | 25931 | y Fk(\000)1641 3448 y Fw(t,)k(s)c Fn(!)g Fw(W)2048 3412 |
| | 25932 | y Fk(\000)2108 3448 y Fw(t,)k(b)c Fn(!)g Fw(W)2531 3412 |
| | 25933 | y Fk(\000)2591 3448 y Fw(t,)j(g)f Fn(!)e Fw(t)p 2947 |
| | 25934 | 3377 38 4 v(t)j(and)g Fj(\015)i Fn(!)33 b Fw(t)p 3474 |
| | 25935 | 3377 V(t.)53 b(Also)0 3557 y(an)m(y)31 b(hea)m(vy)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g |
| | 25936 | (pro)s(duced)g(b)m(y)g(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er)h(ev)m(olution)f(w)m(ould) |
| | 25937 | f(not)h(b)s(e)g(correctly)h(w)m(eigh)m(ted)0 3665 y(in)m(to)37 |
| | 25938 | b(the)h(cross)g(section.)59 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)41 b(curren)m(tly)d |
| | 25939 | (top)f(pro)s(duction)g(is)g(switc)m(hed)i(o\013)e(in)g(b)s(oth)g |
| | 25940 | (initial)0 3774 y(\(see)d Fq(KFIN)f Fw(arra)m(y\))g(and)g(\014nal)e |
| | 25941 | (\(see)j Fq(MSTJ\(45\))p Fw(\))h(state)e(radiation.)0 |
| | 25942 | 4021 y Fo(8.2.3)112 b(J/)p Fj( )0 4194 y Fw(ISUB)33 b(=)99 |
| | 25943 | 4290 y(86)99 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(J)p Fj(= )t Fw(g)99 |
| | 25944 | 4411 y(87)99 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fj(\037)611 4426 y Fl(0c)682 |
| | 25945 | 4411 y Fw(g)99 4531 y(88)99 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fj(\037)611 |
| | 25946 | 4546 y Fl(1c)682 4531 y Fw(g)99 4651 y(89)99 b(gg)28 |
| | 25947 | b Fn(!)g Fj(\037)611 4666 y Fl(2c)682 4651 y Fw(g)50 |
| | 25948 | 4772 y(106)99 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(J)p Fj(= )t(\015)50 |
| | 25949 | 4892 y Fw(107)99 b(g)q Fj(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(J)p |
| | 25950 | Fj(= )t Fw(g)50 5012 y(108)99 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)32 b |
| | 25951 | Fn(!)c Fw(J)p Fj(= )t(\015)146 5128 y Fw(One)33 b(ma)m(y)g(distinguish) |
| | 25952 | e(three)i(main)e(sources)j(of)e(J)p Fj(= )37 b Fw(pro)s(duction.)119 |
| | 25953 | 5241 y(1.)49 b(Deca)m(ys)34 b(of)e(B)g(mesons)h(and)g(bary)m(ons.)119 |
| | 25954 | 5359 y(2.)49 b(P)m(arton-sho)m(w)m(er)26 b(ev)m(olution,)g(wherein)g(a) |
| | 25955 | e(c)i(and)f(a)p 2077 5306 44 4 v 24 w(c)h(quark)f(pro)s(duced)h(in)e |
| | 25956 | (adjacen)m(t)i(branc)m(hings)244 5467 y(\(e.g.)66 b(g)42 |
| | 25957 | b Fn(!)e Fw(gg)h Fn(!)f Fw(c)p 1047 5414 V(c)q(c)p 1134 |
| | 25958 | 5414 V(c)q(\))g(turn)g(out)g(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(so)g(small)c(an)j(in)m |
| | 25959 | (v)-5 b(arian)m(t)39 b(mass)h(that)g(the)h(pair)244 5575 |
| | 25960 | y(collapses)32 b(to)g(a)h(single)e(particle.)1817 5953 |
| | 25961 | y(120)p eop |
| | 25962 | %%Page: 121 127 |
| | 25963 | 121 126 bop 119 -18 a Fw(3.)49 b(Direct)37 b(pro)s(duction,)j(where)f |
| | 25964 | (a)f(c)h(quark)g(lo)s(op)e(giv)m(es)i(a)f(coupling)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k |
| | 25965 | (a)d(set)h(of)f(gluons)244 90 y(and)29 b(a)g(c)p 551 |
| | 25966 | 37 44 4 v(c)g(b)s(ound)h(state.)42 b(Higher-lying)27 |
| | 25967 | b(states,)k(lik)m(e)d(the)h Fj(\037)2453 105 y Fh(c)2517 |
| | 25968 | 90 y Fw(ones,)i(ma)m(y)d(subsequen)m(tly)k(deca)m(y)244 |
| | 25969 | 198 y(to)g(J)p Fj(= )t Fw(.)146 311 y(In)f(this)g(section)g(are)f(giv)m |
| | 25970 | (en)h(the)g(main)e(pro)s(cesses)k(for)d(the)i(third)e(source,)i(in)m |
| | 25971 | (tended)f(for)g(applica-)0 420 y(tions)i(at)g(hadron)h(colliders)e(at)h |
| | 25972 | (non-v)-5 b(anishing)32 b(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(ta)e(|)g(in)g(the)h |
| | 25973 | (limit)29 b(of)34 b Fj(p)3514 435 y Fk(?)3602 420 y Fn(!)29 |
| | 25974 | b Fw(0)0 528 y(it)e(is)g(necessary)j(to)d(include)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 25975 | (er)h(of)f(2)g Fn(!)h Fw(1)f(pro)s(cesses)j(and)d(to)h(regularize)e |
| | 25976 | (div)m(ergences)j(in)e(the)0 636 y(2)g Fn(!)h Fw(2)h(graphs)h(ab)s(o)m |
| | 25977 | (v)m(e.)43 b(The)31 b(cross)f(sections)g(dep)s(end)h(on)e(w)m(a)m(v)m |
| | 25978 | (e)j(function)d(v)-5 b(alues)29 b(at)g(the)h(origin,)e(see)0 |
| | 25979 | 745 y Fq(PARP\(38\))j Fw(and)e Fq(PARP\(39\))p Fw(.)44 |
| | 25980 | b(A)29 b(review)g(of)f(the)h(ph)m(ysics)h(issues)g(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed)f |
| | 25981 | (ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(found)f(in)g([Glo88)n(])0 853 y(\(note,)33 |
| | 25982 | b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)i(that)d(the)h(c)m(hoice)g(of)f Fj(Q)1540 |
| | 25983 | 817 y Fl(2)1612 853 y Fw(scale)h(is)f(di\013eren)m(t)h(in)f |
| | 25984 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(\).)0 1101 y Fo(8.2.4)112 b(Minim)m(um)36 |
| | 25985 | b(bias)0 1273 y Fq(MSEL)e Fw(=)e(1,)g(2)0 1382 y(ISUB)h(=)50 |
| | 25986 | 1478 y(91)99 b(elastic)32 b(scattering)50 1598 y(92)99 |
| | 25987 | b(single)32 b(di\013raction)e(\()p Fj(AB)j Fn(!)27 b |
| | 25988 | Fj(X)8 b(B)d Fw(\))50 1719 y(93)99 b(single)32 b(di\013raction)e(\()p |
| | 25989 | Fj(AB)j Fn(!)27 b Fj(AX)8 b Fw(\))50 1839 y(94)99 b(double)32 |
| | 25990 | b(di\013raction)50 1959 y(95)99 b(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)473 |
| | 25991 | 1974 y Fk(?)564 1959 y Fw(pro)s(duction)146 2069 y(These)25 |
| | 25992 | b(pro)s(cesses)g(are)e(brie\015y)h(discussed)g(in)f(section)g(7.7.)40 |
| | 25993 | b(Curren)m(tly)24 b(they)g(are)f(mainly)e(in)m(tended)0 |
| | 25994 | 2178 y(for)35 b(in)m(teractions)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(hadrons,)g |
| | 25995 | (although)d(one)i(ma)m(y)f(also)g(consider)h Fj(\015)5 |
| | 25996 | b Fw(p)35 b(in)m(teractions)g(in)g(the)0 2286 y(option)k(where)j(the)e |
| | 25997 | (incoming)e(photon)j(is)f(assumed)h(resolv)m(ed,)i Fq(MSTP\(14\)=1)g |
| | 25998 | Fw(or)d Fq(=2)p Fw(.)67 b(A)40 b(p)s(ossible)0 2394 y(extension)33 |
| | 25999 | b(to)g Fj(\015)5 b(\015)37 b Fw(in)m(teractions)32 b(is)g(not)h(y)m(et) |
| | 26000 | g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)146 2503 y(Uncertain)m(ties)37 |
| | 26001 | b(come)g(from)f(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)e(sources,)k(e.g.)57 |
| | 26002 | b(from)35 b(the)j(parametrizations)d(of)h(the)0 2611 |
| | 26003 | y(v)-5 b(arious)32 b(cross)h(sections)h(and)e(slop)s(e)g(parameters.) |
| | 26004 | 146 2720 y(In)23 b(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(scattering,)j(the)e(structure)h |
| | 26005 | (of)e(the)h(selected)h(hadronic)e(system)i(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)h(regulated)0 |
| | 26006 | 2828 y(with)32 b Fq(MSTP\(101\))p Fw(.)46 b(No)32 b(high-)p |
| | 26007 | Fj(p)1175 2843 y Fk(?)1266 2828 y Fw(jet)g(pro)s(duction)g(in)g |
| | 26008 | (di\013ractiv)m(e)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(is)d(included)g(so)h(far.)146 |
| | 26009 | 2936 y(The)f(subpro)s(cess)g(95,)e(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)1210 |
| | 26010 | 2951 y Fk(?)1299 2936 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(is)d(somewhat)h(unique)f(in) |
| | 26011 | g(that)g(no)g(meaningful)f(ph)m(ysical)0 3045 y(b)s(order-line)k(to)h |
| | 26012 | (high-)p Fj(p)886 3060 y Fk(?)979 3045 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(can)e(b)s(e) |
| | 26013 | f(de\014ned.)52 b(Ev)m(en)36 b(if)d(the)i(QCD)g(2)c Fn(!)g |
| | 26014 | Fw(2)j(high-)p Fj(p)3298 3060 y Fk(?)3390 3045 y Fw(pro)s(cesses)0 |
| | 26015 | 3153 y(are)h(formally)d(switc)m(hed)k(o\013,)f(some)g(of)f(the)h |
| | 26016 | (generated)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(will)32 b(b)s(e)j(classi\014ed)g(as)g(b)s |
| | 26017 | (elonging)e(to)0 3261 y(this)26 b(group,)i(with)e(a)h |
| | 26018 | Fj(p)824 3276 y Fk(?)909 3261 y Fw(sp)s(ectrum)g(of)f(in)m(teractions)g |
| | 26019 | (to)h(matc)m(h)f(the)h(`minim)m(um-bias')c(ev)m(en)m(t)28 |
| | 26020 | b(sample.)0 3370 y(Only)34 b(with)h(the)g(option)e Fq(MSTP\(82\)=0)38 |
| | 26021 | b Fw(will)32 b(subpro)s(cess)37 b(95)d(yield)g(strictly)g(lo)m(w-)p |
| | 26022 | Fj(p)3098 3385 y Fk(?)3191 3370 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(ev)m(en)m(ts)0 |
| | 26023 | 3478 y(whic)m(h)i(will)e(then)i(probably)f(not)h(b)s(e)g(compatible)d |
| | 26024 | (with)j(an)m(y)g(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)f(data.)61 b(A)39 |
| | 26025 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)0 3586 y(options)34 b(exist)i(for)e(the)h |
| | 26026 | (detailed)f(structure)i(of)f(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)2030 3601 |
| | 26027 | y Fk(?)2123 3586 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(see)e(in)e(particular)f |
| | 26028 | Fq(MSTP\(81\))k Fw(and)0 3695 y Fq(MSTP\(82\))p Fw(.)46 |
| | 26029 | b(F)-8 b(urther)33 b(details)f(on)g(the)h(mo)s(del\(s\))f(for)g(minim)m |
| | 26030 | (um-bias)d(ev)m(en)m(ts)35 b(are)d(found)h(in)f(section)0 |
| | 26031 | 3803 y(11.2.)0 4077 y Fp(8.3)135 b(Electro)l(w)l(eak)48 |
| | 26032 | b(Gauge)d(Bosons)0 4250 y Fw(This)27 b(section)g(co)m(v)m(ers)i(the)f |
| | 26033 | (pro)s(duction)e(and/or)h(exc)m(hange)h(of)f Fj(\015)5 |
| | 26034 | b Fw(,)28 b(Z)2483 4213 y Fl(0)2549 4250 y Fw(and)f(W)2834 |
| | 26035 | 4213 y Fk(\006)2921 4250 y Fw(gauge)g(b)s(osons,)h(singly)0 |
| | 26036 | 4358 y(and)g(in)g(pairs.)42 b(The)29 b(topic)f(of)f(longitudinal)e |
| | 26037 | (gauge-b)s(oson)j(scattering)g(at)g(high)g(energies)h(is)e(deferred)0 |
| | 26038 | 4466 y(to)i(the)i(Higgs)d(section,)j(since)f(the)g(presence)i(or)e |
| | 26039 | (absence)h(of)e(a)h(Higgs)f(here)h(mak)m(es)g(a)g(big)f(di\013erence.)0 |
| | 26040 | 4714 y Fo(8.3.1)112 b(Prompt)36 b(photon)i(pro)s(duction)0 |
| | 26041 | 4887 y Fq(MSEL)c Fw(=)e(10)0 4995 y(ISUB)h(=)99 5091 |
| | 26042 | y(14)99 b(q)347 5106 y Fh(i)p 375 5038 52 4 v 375 5091 |
| | 26043 | a Fw(q)427 5115 y Fh(i)483 5091 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(g)q Fj(\015)99 |
| | 26044 | 5212 y Fw(18)99 b(f)326 5227 y Fh(i)p 354 5132 37 4 v |
| | 26045 | 354 5212 a Fw(f)391 5227 y Fh(i)446 5212 y Fn(!)28 b |
| | 26046 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)99 5332 y Fw(29)99 b(q)347 5347 y Fh(i)375 |
| | 26047 | 5332 y Fw(g)29 b Fn(!)f Fw(q)632 5347 y Fh(i)660 5332 |
| | 26048 | y Fj(\015)50 5452 y Fw(114)99 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fj(\015)5 |
| | 26049 | b(\015)50 5573 y Fw(115)99 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(g)q Fj(\015)1817 |
| | 26050 | 5953 y Fw(121)p eop |
| | 26051 | %%Page: 122 128 |
| | 26052 | 122 127 bop 146 -18 a Fw(In)46 b(hadron)f(colliders,)i(pro)s(cesses)g |
| | 26053 | (ISUB)f(=)f(14)g(and)g(29)g(giv)m(e)g(the)g(main)f(source)i(of)f |
| | 26054 | (single-)p Fj(\015)0 90 y Fw(pro)s(duction,)27 b(with)e(ISUB)i(=)f(115) |
| | 26055 | f(giving)f(an)i(additional)d(con)m(tribution)i(whic)m(h,)j(in)e(some)f |
| | 26056 | (kinematics)0 198 y(regions,)36 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(ecome)g(imp)s(ortan)m |
| | 26057 | (t.)52 b(F)-8 b(or)35 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(-pair)34 b(pro)s(duction,)j(the) |
| | 26058 | f(pro)s(cess)h(ISUB)g(=)f(18)f(is)g(often)0 307 y(o)m(v)m(ershado)m(w)m |
| | 26059 | (ed)h(in)31 b(imp)s(ortance)h(b)m(y)h(ISUB)g(=)g(114.)146 |
| | 26060 | 415 y(Another)38 b(source)h(of)e(photons)h(is)g(bremsstrahlung)f(o\013) |
| | 26061 | g(incoming)f(or)h(outgoing)f(quarks.)60 b(This)0 523 |
| | 26062 | y(has)32 b(to)g(b)s(e)g(treated)g(on)g(an)g(equal)f(fo)s(oting)f(with)i |
| | 26063 | (QCD)f(parton)h(sho)m(w)m(ering.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(time-lik)m(e)e |
| | 26064 | (parton-)0 632 y(sho)m(w)m(er)36 b(ev)m(olution,)d(i.e.)47 |
| | 26065 | b(in)33 b(the)h(\014nal-state)f(sho)m(w)m(ering)i(and)f(in)f(the)h |
| | 26066 | (side)g(branc)m(hes)i(of)d(the)i(initial-)0 740 y(state)46 |
| | 26067 | b(sho)m(w)m(ering,)51 b(photon)46 b(emission)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(switc)m |
| | 26068 | (hed)h(on)f(or)g(o\013)g(with)f Fq(MSTJ\(41\))p Fw(.)86 |
| | 26069 | b(Photon)0 848 y(radiation)43 b(o\013)i(the)h(space-lik)m(e)f(incoming) |
| | 26070 | e(quark)j(legs)f(is)g(not)g(y)m(et)h(included,)j(but)c(should)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 26071 | (of)0 957 y(lesser)28 b(imp)s(ortance)e(for)g(pro)s(duction)h(at)g |
| | 26072 | (reasonably)g(large)f Fj(p)2273 972 y Fk(?)2359 957 y |
| | 26073 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues.)42 b(Radiation)25 b(o\013)i(an)g(incoming)0 |
| | 26074 | 1065 y(electron)33 b(is)f(included)g(in)g(a)g(leading-log)d(appro)m |
| | 26075 | (ximation.)146 1173 y Fo(W)-9 b(arning:)39 b Fw(the)25 |
| | 26076 | b(cross)h(sections)g(for)e(the)h(b)s(o)m(x)g(graphs)g(114)f(and)h(115)f |
| | 26077 | (b)s(ecome)h(v)m(ery)h(complicated,)0 1282 y(n)m(umerically)21 |
| | 26078 | b(unstable)i(and)g(slo)m(w)g(when)h(the)g(full)d(quark)j(mass)f(dep)s |
| | 26079 | (endence)i(is)e(included.)39 b(F)-8 b(or)23 b(quark)0 |
| | 26080 | 1390 y(masses)46 b(m)m(uc)m(h)f(b)s(elo)m(w)g(the)k(^)-53 |
| | 26081 | b Fj(s)44 b Fw(scale,)k(the)e(simpli\014ed)c(massless)k(expressions)g |
| | 26082 | (are)f(therefore)g(used)0 1498 y(|)d(a)h(fairly)d(accurate)k(appro)m |
| | 26083 | (ximation.)71 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)48 b(there)43 b(is)g(another)f(set)i |
| | 26084 | (of)e(subtle)h(n)m(umerical)0 1607 y(cancellations)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j |
| | 26085 | (di\013eren)m(t)e(terms)g(in)f(the)i(massiv)m(e)f(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts) |
| | 26086 | h(in)f(the)i(region)e(of)0 1715 y(small-angle)39 b(scattering.)74 |
| | 26087 | b(The)44 b(asso)s(ciated)f(problems)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(not)e(b)s(een)i |
| | 26088 | (sorted)f(out)g(y)m(et.)75 b(There)0 1823 y(are)44 b(therefore)h(t)m(w) |
| | 26089 | m(o)f(p)s(ossible)f(solutions.)77 b(One)44 b(is)g(to)f(use)i(the)g |
| | 26090 | (massless)f(form)m(ulae)f(throughout.)0 1932 y(The)30 |
| | 26091 | b(program)e(then)i(b)s(ecomes)g(faster)g(and)f(n)m(umerically)f |
| | 26092 | (stable,)h(but)h(do)s(es)g(not)f(giv)m(e,)h(for)f(example,)0 |
| | 26093 | 2040 y(the)49 b(c)m(haracteristic)f(dip)g(\(due)i(to)e(destructiv)m(e)i |
| | 26094 | (in)m(terference\))g(at)e(top)g(threshold.)92 b(This)49 |
| | 26095 | b(is)f(the)0 2148 y(curren)m(t)40 b(default)d(pro)s(cedure,)k(with)d |
| | 26096 | (\014v)m(e)i(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g(assumed,)g(but)f(this)f(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 26097 | (er)h(can)g(b)s(e)f(c)m(hanged)0 2257 y(in)c Fq(MSTP\(38\))p |
| | 26098 | Fw(.)51 b(The)35 b(other)f(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)f(is)h(to)g(imp)s(ose)f |
| | 26099 | (cuts)i(on)f(the)h(scattering)f(angle)g(of)g(the)g(hard)0 |
| | 26100 | 2365 y(pro)s(cess,)46 b(see)e Fq(CKIN\(27\))g Fw(and)f |
| | 26101 | Fq(CKIN\(28\))p Fw(,)k(since)c(the)g(n)m(umerically)d(unstable)j |
| | 26102 | (regions)f(are)g(when)0 2488 y Fn(j)17 b Fw(cos)199 2462 |
| | 26103 | y(^)191 2488 y Fj(\022)t Fn(j)32 b Fw(is)g(close)h(to)f(unit)m(y)-8 |
| | 26104 | b(.)43 b(It)33 b(is)f(then)h(also)f(necessary)j(to)d(c)m(hange)h |
| | 26105 | Fq(MSTP\(38\))i Fw(to)d(0.)0 2736 y Fo(8.3.2)112 b(Photopro)s(duction) |
| | 26106 | 37 b(and)h Fj(\015)5 b(\015)43 b Fo(ph)m(ysics)0 2909 |
| | 26107 | y Fq(MSEL)34 b Fw(=)e(1,)g(2,)h(4,)f(5,)h(6,)f(7,)g(8)0 |
| | 26108 | 3017 y(ISUB)h(=)50 3113 y(33)99 b(q)298 3128 y Fh(i)327 |
| | 26109 | 3113 y Fj(\015)32 b Fn(!)c Fw(q)589 3128 y Fh(i)617 3113 |
| | 26110 | y Fw(g)50 3234 y(34)99 b(f)277 3249 y Fh(i)305 3234 y |
| | 26111 | Fj(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)546 3249 y Fh(i)574 3234 |
| | 26112 | y Fj(\015)50 3354 y Fw(54)99 b(g)q Fj(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 |
| | 26113 | b Fw(q)559 3369 y Fh(k)p 602 3301 52 4 v 602 3354 a Fw(q)654 |
| | 26114 | 3377 y Fh(k)50 3474 y Fw(58)99 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)33 |
| | 26115 | b Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)544 3489 y Fh(k)p 586 3395 37 4 v 586 |
| | 26116 | 3474 a Fw(f)623 3489 y Fh(k)50 3595 y Fw(80)99 b(q)298 |
| | 26117 | 3610 y Fh(i)327 3595 y Fj(\015)32 b Fn(!)c Fw(q)589 3610 |
| | 26118 | y Fh(k)632 3595 y Fj(\031)691 3559 y Fk(\006)50 3715 |
| | 26119 | y Fw(84)99 b(g)q Fj(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(Q)584 3730 |
| | 26120 | y Fh(k)p 627 3637 76 4 v 627 3715 a Fw(Q)703 3739 y Fh(k)50 |
| | 26121 | 3835 y Fw(85)99 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(F)578 |
| | 26122 | 3850 y Fh(k)p 620 3757 64 4 v 620 3835 a Fw(F)684 3850 |
| | 26123 | y Fh(k)146 3951 y Fw(An)j(\(almost\))d(real)h(photon)h(has)h(b)s(oth)f |
| | 26124 | (a)f(p)s(oin)m(t-lik)m(e)g(comp)s(onen)m(t)h(and)g(a)g(hadron-lik)m(e)f |
| | 26125 | (one.)42 b(This)0 4059 y(means)33 b(that)f(sev)m(eral)h(classes)h(of)e |
| | 26126 | (pro)s(cesses)j(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(distinguished,)f(see)h(section)g |
| | 26127 | (7.7.2.)119 4172 y(1.)49 b(The)41 b(pro)s(cesses)h(listed)e(ab)s(o)m(v) |
| | 26128 | m(e)h(are)f(p)s(ossible)g(when)h(the)g(photon)f(in)m(teracts)h(as)f(a)g |
| | 26129 | (p)s(oin)m(t-lik)m(e)244 4281 y(particle,)31 b(i.e.)43 |
| | 26130 | b(couples)33 b(directly)f(to)g(quarks)i(and)f(leptons.)119 |
| | 26131 | 4399 y(2.)49 b(When)43 b(the)h(photon)e(acts)h(lik)m(e)f(a)h(hadron,)i |
| | 26132 | (i.e.)73 b(is)42 b(resolv)m(ed)i(in)e(a)g(partonic)g(substructure,)244 |
| | 26133 | 4507 y(then)d(high-)p Fj(p)739 4522 y Fk(?)835 4507 y |
| | 26134 | Fw(parton{parton)f(in)m(teractions)f(are)i(p)s(ossible,)g(as)f(already) |
| | 26135 | g(describ)s(ed)h(in)f(sec-)244 4615 y(tions)32 b(8.2.1)g(and)h(8.3.1.) |
| | 26136 | 43 b(These)35 b(in)m(teractions)d(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(further)g(sub)s |
| | 26137 | (divided)g(in)m(to)f(VMD)g(and)244 4724 y(anomalous)f(ones)i([Sc)m(h93) |
| | 26138 | q(,)f(Sc)m(h93a)q(].)119 4841 y(3.)49 b(A)25 b(hadron-lik)m(e)f(photon) |
| | 26139 | g(can)h(also)f(pro)s(duce)i(the)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)25 |
| | 26140 | b(of)f(the)i(minim)m(um)21 b(bias)j(pro)s(cesses)244 |
| | 26141 | 4950 y(of)32 b(section)h(8.2.4.)146 5063 y(F)-8 b(or)23 |
| | 26142 | b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)23 b(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k(w)m(e)d(b)s(eliev)m(e)f(that)g |
| | 26143 | (the)h(b)s(est)g(description)e(can)i(b)s(e)f(obtained)g(when)h(three)g |
| | 26144 | (separate)0 5171 y(ev)m(en)m(t)39 b(classes)f(are)f(com)m(bined,)h(one) |
| | 26145 | g(for)e(direct,)i(one)g(for)e(VMD)h(and)h(one)f(for)g(anomalous)e(ev)m |
| | 26146 | (en)m(ts,)0 5279 y(see)j(the)g(detailed)f(description)f(in)h([Sc)m(h93) |
| | 26147 | q(,)g(Sc)m(h93a].)58 b(These)39 b(corresp)s(ond)g(to)e |
| | 26148 | Fq(MSTP\(14\))i Fw(b)s(eing)e(0,)0 5388 y(2)45 b(and)f(3,)k(resp)s |
| | 26149 | (ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)81 b(The)46 b(direct)e(and)h(anomalous)e(comp)s |
| | 26150 | (onen)m(ts)j(are)f(high-)p Fj(p)3207 5403 y Fk(?)3309 |
| | 26151 | 5388 y Fw(only)-8 b(,)47 b(while)0 5496 y(VMD)40 b(con)m(tains)g(b)s |
| | 26152 | (oth)f(high-)p Fj(p)1171 5511 y Fk(?)1269 5496 y Fw(and)h(lo)m(w-)p |
| | 26153 | Fj(p)1692 5511 y Fk(?)1790 5496 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts.)67 |
| | 26154 | b(The)41 b(option)e Fq(MSTP\(14\)=1)j Fw(com)m(bines)e(the)0 |
| | 26155 | 5604 y(VMD)32 b(and)g(anomalous)f(parts)h(of)f(the)i(photon)f(in)m(to)f |
| | 26156 | (one)i(single)e(resolv)m(ed)i(photon)f(concept,)h(whic)m(h)1817 |
| | 26157 | 5953 y(122)p eop |
| | 26158 | %%Page: 123 129 |
| | 26159 | 123 128 bop 0 -18 a Fw(therefore)33 b(is)f(less)h(precise)g(than)g(the) |
| | 26160 | g(full)e(sub)s(division.)146 90 y(When)40 b(com)m(bining)d(three)j |
| | 26161 | (runs)g(to)e(obtain)g(the)i(totalit)m(y)d(of)h Fj(\015)5 |
| | 26162 | b Fw(p)39 b(in)m(teractions,)h(to)f(the)g(b)s(est)h(of)0 |
| | 26163 | 198 y(our)29 b(kno)m(wledge,)i(it)e(is)g(necessary)j(to)d(c)m(ho)s(ose) |
| | 26164 | h(the)g Fj(p)1921 213 y Fk(?)2009 198 y Fw(cut-o\013s)g(with)f(some)g |
| | 26165 | (care,)i(so)f(as)f(to)g(represen)m(t)0 307 y(the)k(exp)s(ected)h(total) |
| | 26166 | d(cross)j(section.)145 420 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)64 b(direct)e(pro)s |
| | 26167 | (cesses)j(only)d(dep)s(end)i(on)f(the)g Fq(CKIN\(3\))i |
| | 26168 | Fw(cut-o\013)d(of)h(the)g(generation,)244 528 y(with)50 |
| | 26169 | b(preferred)i(v)-5 b(alue)49 b(0.5)i(GeV)f([Sc)m(h93)q(,)g(Sc)m(h93a)q |
| | 26170 | (].)97 b(Since)51 b(this)f(v)-5 b(alue)50 b(is)g(so)h(lo)m(w,)j(one)244 |
| | 26171 | 636 y(m)m(ust)k(remem)m(b)s(er)g(to)f(reduce)i(a)f(few)h(other)f |
| | 26172 | (defaults)f(v)-5 b(alues:)95 b Fq(CKIN\(1\)=2.*CKIN\(3\))p |
| | 26173 | Fw(,)244 745 y Fq(CKIN\(5\)=CKIN\(6\)=0.5*CKIN\()q(3\))p |
| | 26174 | Fw(.)48 b(F)-8 b(or)26 b(the)h(same)g(reason)h(it)e(is)g(recommended)h |
| | 26175 | (to)g(include)244 853 y(a)32 b(damp)s(ening)f(of)i(proton)f(parton)g |
| | 26176 | (distributions,)f Fq(MSTP\(57\)=2)p Fw(.)145 971 y Fn(\017)49 |
| | 26177 | b Fw(The)40 b(VMD)f(pro)s(cesses)i(w)m(ork)e(as)h(ordinary)e |
| | 26178 | (hadron{hadron)h(ones,)i(i.e.)62 b(one)39 b(obtains)g(b)s(oth)244 |
| | 26179 | 1079 y(lo)m(w-)22 b(and)i(high-)p Fj(p)891 1094 y Fk(?)972 |
| | 26180 | 1079 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(b)m(y)f(default,)f(with)g(dividing)d(line)h |
| | 26181 | (set)j(b)m(y)h Fq(PARP\(81\))f Fw(\(or)e Fq(PARP\(82\))p |
| | 26182 | Fw(,)244 1187 y(dep)s(ending)33 b(on)f(minijet)e(unitarization)g(sc)m |
| | 26183 | (heme\).)145 1305 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(F)-8 b(or)48 b(the)h(anomalous,)i |
| | 26184 | (\014nally)-8 b(,)51 b(the)e(minimal)44 b Fj(p)2111 1320 |
| | 26185 | y Fk(?)2219 1305 y Fw(of)k(the)h Fj(\015)60 b Fn(!)55 |
| | 26186 | b Fw(q)p 2847 1252 52 4 v(q)49 b(branc)m(hing)g(is)f(set)h(in)244 |
| | 26187 | 1414 y Fq(PARP\(15\))p Fw(.)54 b(The)36 b(default)e(is)h(0.5)g(GeV,)g |
| | 26188 | (in)g(agreemen)m(t)g(with)g(the)h(recommended)g(cuto\013)f(for)244 |
| | 26189 | 1522 y(the)29 b(same)g(v)m(ertex)i(in)e(direct)f(pro)s(ccesses.)45 |
| | 26190 | b(In)30 b(addition,)e(a)g(lo)m(w)m(er)i Fq(CKIN\(3\))h |
| | 26191 | Fw(cut-o\013)d(should)h(b)s(e)244 1630 y(selected)37 |
| | 26192 | b(for)e(the)i(hard)f(in)m(teractions.)53 b(This)36 b(needs)i(some)e |
| | 26193 | (\014ne-tuning,)g(whic)m(h)h(in)e(principle)244 1739 |
| | 26194 | y(should)e(b)s(e)h(done)h(separately)f(for)f(eac)m(h)h(c.m.)47 |
| | 26195 | b(energy)-8 b(.)48 b(A)34 b(go)s(o)s(d)e(\014rst)j(appro)m(ximation)c |
| | 26196 | (in)i(the)244 1847 y(HERA)g(energy)g(range)g(\(but)g(not)f(b)s(ey)m |
| | 26197 | (ond)i(300)e(GeV\))g(is)g Fq(CKIN\(3\))p Fw(=)e(1)p Fj(:)p |
| | 26198 | Fw(50)21 b(+)h(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(0035)17 b Fj(E)3524 1862 |
| | 26199 | y Fl(cm)3617 1847 y Fw(.)146 1960 y(The)35 b(pro)s(cesses)g(in)e(p)s |
| | 26200 | (oin)m(ts)g(1)h(and)f(2)h(can)f(b)s(e)h(sim)m(ulated)e(either)i(with)f |
| | 26201 | (a)g(photon)h(b)s(eam)f(or)g(with)0 2068 y(an)k(electron)g(b)s(eam.)56 |
| | 26202 | b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(a)h(photon)g(b)s(eam)f(it)g(is)h(necessary)i(to)e(use) |
| | 26203 | h(option)e Fq(MSTP\(14\))j Fw(to)e(switc)m(h)0 2177 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een) |
| | 26204 | f(a)e(p)s(oin)m(t-lik)m(e)f(and)h(a)g(resolv)m(ed)i(photon)e(|)g(it)f |
| | 26205 | (is)h(not)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)g(sim)m(ulate)e(the)j(t)m(w)m(o)g(sets)0 |
| | 26206 | 2285 y(of)i(pro)s(cesses)i(in)d(a)h(single)f(run.)57 |
| | 26207 | b(An)37 b(electron)g(b)m(y)h(default)e(is)h(assumed)g(to)g(con)m(tain)g |
| | 26208 | (photons,)h(but)0 2393 y(this)28 b(can)g(b)s(e)g(switc)m(hed)h(o\013)f |
| | 26209 | (b)m(y)i Fq(MSTP\(11\)=0)p Fw(.)44 b(T)-8 b(o)28 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(quark)e |
| | 26210 | (and)g(gluon)f(distributions)g(inside)g(the)0 2502 y(photon)36 |
| | 26211 | b(\(itself)f(inside)h(the)h(electron\),)g Fq(MSTP\(12\)=1)i |
| | 26212 | Fw(m)m(ust)d(b)s(e)h(used.)56 b(F)-8 b(or)35 b(the)i(electron,)g(the)g |
| | 26213 | (t)m(w)m(o)0 2610 y(kinds)i(of)g(pro)s(cesses)i(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g |
| | 26214 | (generated)h(together,)h(unlik)m(e)d(for)h(the)g(photon.)63 |
| | 26215 | b(It)39 b(is)f(not)h(p)s(ossible)0 2718 y(to)k(ha)m(v)m(e)h(also)e(the) |
| | 26216 | h(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)975 2733 y Fk(?)1076 2718 y Fw(ph)m(ysics)i |
| | 26217 | (\(including)c(m)m(ultiple)g(in)m(teractions)h(in)g(high-)p |
| | 26218 | Fj(p)3218 2733 y Fk(?)3319 2718 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts\))j(for)0 |
| | 26219 | 2827 y(an)e(electron)h(b)s(eam.)75 b(Kindly)42 b(note)i(that)f(subpro)s |
| | 26220 | (cess)i(34)e(con)m(tains)h(b)s(oth)f(the)g(scattering)h(of)f(an)0 |
| | 26221 | 2935 y(electron)37 b(o\013)g(a)g(photon)h(and)f(the)h(scattering)f(of)g |
| | 26222 | (a)g(quark)h(\(inside)e(a)h(photon)h(inside)e(an)i(electron\))0 |
| | 26223 | 3043 y(o\013)32 b(a)g(photon;)h(the)g(former)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(switc)m |
| | 26224 | (hed)i(o\013)e(with)h(the)g(help)f(of)g(the)h Fq(KFIN)h |
| | 26225 | Fw(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)146 3152 y(If)33 b(y)m(ou)g(are)f(only)g(concerned)i |
| | 26226 | (with)e(standard)h(QCD)f(ph)m(ysics,)j(the)d(option)g |
| | 26227 | Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)j Fw(giv)m(es)0 3260 y(an)h(automatic)e(mixture)i(of)g |
| | 26228 | (the)g(VMD,)h(direct)f(and)g(anomalous)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(classes.)55 |
| | 26229 | b(The)37 b(mixture)f(is)0 3368 y(prop)s(erly)k(giv)m(en)h(according)f |
| | 26230 | (to)g(the)h(relativ)m(e)f(cross)i(sections.)68 b(Whenev)m(er)43 |
| | 26231 | b(p)s(ossible,)f(this)f(option)0 3477 y(is)36 b(therefore)h |
| | 26232 | (preferrable)f(in)g(terms)h(of)f(user-friendliness.)55 |
| | 26233 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)40 b(it)35 b(can)i(only)f(w)m(ork)h(b)s(ecause)0 |
| | 26234 | 3585 y(of)j(a)h(completely)f(new)i(la)m(y)m(er)f(of)f(administration,)g |
| | 26235 | (not)h(found)g(an)m(ywhere)i(else)e(in)f Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 26236 | Fw(.)69 b(F)-8 b(or)0 3694 y(instance,)34 b(a)f(subpro)s(cess)i(lik)m |
| | 26237 | (e)d(qg)e Fn(!)f Fw(qg)34 b(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(in)h(sev)m(eral)g(of)g |
| | 26238 | (the)h(classes,)g(but)f(app)s(ears)h(with)0 3802 y(di\013eren)m(t)42 |
| | 26239 | b(sets)h(of)e(parton)g(distributions)f(and)i(di\013eren)m(t)g |
| | 26240 | Fj(p)2258 3817 y Fk(?)2358 3802 y Fw(cut-o\013s)g(in)f(eac)m(h)i(of)e |
| | 26241 | (these,)k(so)d(that)0 3910 y(it)36 b(is)h(necessary)i(to)e(switc)m(h)h |
| | 26242 | (gears)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(eac)m(h)e(ev)m(en)m(t)h(in)d(the)i |
| | 26243 | (generation.)56 b(It)37 b(is)g(therefore)h(not)0 4019 |
| | 26244 | y(p)s(ossible)32 b(to)g(a)m(v)m(oid)h(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f |
| | 26245 | (restrictions)g(on)g(what)h(y)m(ou)h(can)e(do)h(in)f(this)g(case:)145 |
| | 26246 | 4132 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)38 b Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)j Fw(option)36 |
| | 26247 | b(can)i(only)f(b)s(e)h(used)h(for)e(incoming)e(photon)j(b)s(eams,)g |
| | 26248 | (i.e.)58 b(when)244 4240 y Fq('gamma')28 b Fw(is)e(the)g(argumen)m(t)g |
| | 26249 | (in)f(the)i Fq(PYINIT)h Fw(call.)39 b(A)27 b(con)m(v)m(olution)e(with)h |
| | 26250 | (the)h(bremsstrahlung)244 4348 y(photon)k(sp)s(ectrum)g(in)f(an)h |
| | 26251 | (electron)g(b)s(eam)f(ma)m(y)h(come)g(one)g(da)m(y)-8 |
| | 26252 | b(,)32 b(but)f(not)g(in)f(the)h(immediate)244 4457 y(future.)145 |
| | 26253 | 4574 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)30 b(mac)m(hinery)f(has)g(only)f(b)s(een)i |
| | 26254 | (set)g(up)f(to)f(generate)i(standard)f(QCD)g(ph)m(ysics,)i(sp)s |
| | 26255 | (eci\014cally)244 4683 y(either)j(`minim)m(um-bias')29 |
| | 26256 | b(one)35 b(or)e(high-)p Fj(p)1782 4698 y Fk(?)1874 4683 |
| | 26257 | y Fw(jets.)48 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(minim)m(um)d(bias,)k(y)m(ou)h(are)e(not) |
| | 26258 | h(allo)m(w)m(ed)244 4791 y(to)48 b(use)i(the)f Fq(CKIN)g |
| | 26259 | Fw(v)-5 b(ariables)48 b(at)g(all.)89 b(This)49 b(is)f(not)h(a)f(ma)5 |
| | 26260 | b(jor)48 b(limitation,)g(since)h(it)e(is)h(in)244 4899 |
| | 26261 | y(the)f(spirit)f(of)g(minim)m(um-bias)d(ph)m(ysics)48 |
| | 26262 | b(not)f(to)g(imp)s(ose)f(an)m(y)h(con)m(train)m(ts)g(on)g(allo)m(w)m |
| | 26263 | (ed)f(jet)244 5008 y(pro)s(duction.)41 b(\(If)28 b(y)m(ou)h(still)d |
| | 26264 | (do,)j(these)h(cuts)f(will)d(b)s(e)j(ine\013ectiv)m(e)f(for)g(the)h |
| | 26265 | (VMD)f(pro)s(cesses)i(but)244 5116 y(tak)m(e)41 b(e\013ect)f(for)g(the) |
| | 26266 | g(other)g(ones,)j(giving)38 b(inconsistencies.\))66 b(The)41 |
| | 26267 | b(minim)m(um-bias)36 b(ph)m(ysics)244 5224 y(option)d(is)g(obtained)g |
| | 26268 | (b)m(y)i(default;)f(b)m(y)g(switc)m(hing)g(from)e Fq(MSEL=1)k |
| | 26269 | Fw(to)d Fq(MSEL=2)i Fw(also)e(the)h(elastic)244 5333 |
| | 26270 | y(and)25 b(di\013ractiv)m(e)g(comp)s(onen)m(ts)h(of)f(the)h(VMD)f(part) |
| | 26271 | g(are)h(included.)41 b(High-)p Fj(p)3006 5348 y Fk(?)3089 |
| | 26272 | 5333 y Fw(jet)25 b(pro)s(duction)g(is)244 5441 y(obtained)30 |
| | 26273 | b(b)m(y)j(setting)d(the)i Fq(CKIN\(3\))h Fw(cut-o\013)e(larger)f(than)h |
| | 26274 | (eac)m(h)h(of)e(the)i(\(energy-dep)s(enden)m(t\))244 |
| | 26275 | 5550 y(cut-o\013)e(scales)h(for)e(the)i(VMD,)g(direct)f(and)g |
| | 26276 | (anomalous)f(comp)s(onen)m(ts;)i(t)m(ypically)e(this)h(means)244 |
| | 26277 | 5658 y(at)45 b(least)h(3)f(GeV.)h(F)-8 b(or)45 b(lo)m(w)m(er)h(input)f |
| | 26278 | Fq(CKIN\(3\))i Fw(v)-5 b(alues)46 b(the)g(program)f(will)e |
| | 26279 | (automatically)1817 5953 y(123)p eop |
| | 26280 | %%Page: 124 130 |
| | 26281 | 124 129 bop 244 -18 a Fw(switc)m(h)33 b(bac)m(k)h(to)e(minim)m(um-bias) |
| | 26282 | c(ph)m(ysics.)145 99 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Some)36 b(v)-5 |
| | 26283 | b(ariables)36 b(are)g(in)m(ternally)f(recalculated)i(and)f(reset:)53 |
| | 26284 | b Fq(CKIN\(1\))p Fw(,)40 b Fq(CKIN\(3\))p Fw(,)g Fq(CKIN\(5\))p |
| | 26285 | Fw(,)244 208 y Fq(CKIN\(6\))p Fw(,)59 b Fq(MSTP\(57\))p |
| | 26286 | Fw(,)h Fq(MSTP\(85\))p Fw(,)f Fq(PARP\(2\))p Fw(,)h Fq(PARP\(81\))p |
| | 26287 | Fw(,)f Fq(PARP\(82\))p Fw(,)h Fq(PARU\(115\))54 b Fw(and)244 |
| | 26288 | 316 y Fq(MDME\(22,J\))p Fw(.)34 b(This)d(is)g(b)s(ecause)i(they)f(m)m |
| | 26289 | (ust)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(that)f(dep)s(end)h(on)g(the)f |
| | 26290 | (comp)s(onen)m(t)244 424 y(studied.)68 b(These)42 b(v)-5 |
| | 26291 | b(ariables)39 b(can)i(therefore)g(not)f(b)s(e)h(mo)s(di\014ed)e |
| | 26292 | (without)h(c)m(hanging)i Fq(PYINPR)244 533 y Fw(and)33 |
| | 26293 | b(recompiling)c(the)k(program,)f(whic)m(h)h(ob)m(viously)f(is)g(a)g(ma) |
| | 26294 | 5 b(jor)32 b(exercise.)145 650 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Pileup)32 |
| | 26295 | b(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(are)d(not)h(at)f(all)e(allo)m(w)m(ed.)146 |
| | 26296 | 764 y(Also,)k(a)g(w)m(arning)f(ab)s(out)h(the)g(usage)g(of)41 |
| | 26297 | b Fm(Pdflib)34 b Fw(for)f(photons.)48 b(So)34 b(long)f(as)h |
| | 26298 | Fq(MSTP\(14\)=1)p Fw(,)j(i.e.)0 872 y(the)26 b(photon)f(is)g(not)h |
| | 26299 | (split)e(up,)j Fm(Pdflib)f Fw(is)f(accessed)j(b)m(y)g |
| | 26300 | Fq(MSTP\(56\)=2)g Fw(and)e Fq(MSTP\(55\))h Fw(as)f(the)g(parton)0 |
| | 26301 | 980 y(distribution)i(set.)43 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33 b(when)e(the)f(VMD) |
| | 26302 | g(and)g(anomalous)e(pieces)j(are)e(split,)h(the)g(VMD)g(part)0 |
| | 26303 | 1089 y(is)d(based)i(on)f(a)f(rescaling)g(of)g(pion)g(distributions)f(b) |
| | 26304 | m(y)j(VMD)f(factors)f(\(except)j(for)d(the)h(SaS)g(sets,)i(that)0 |
| | 26305 | 1197 y(already)c(come)g(with)g(a)g(separate)h(VMD)f(piece\).)42 |
| | 26306 | b(Therefore,)29 b(to)d(access)i Fm(Pdflib)f Fw(for)f |
| | 26307 | Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(,)0 1305 y(it)33 b(is)g(not)h(correct)h(to)f(set) |
| | 26308 | g Fq(MSTP\(56\)=2)j Fw(and)d(a)g(photon)g(distribution)e(in)h |
| | 26309 | Fq(MSTP\(55\))p Fw(.)50 b(Instead,)35 b(one)0 1414 y(should)43 |
| | 26310 | b(put)h Fq(MSTP\(56\)=2)p Fw(,)49 b Fq(MSTP\(54\)=2)c |
| | 26311 | Fw(and)f(a)f(pion)f(distribution)g(co)s(de)i(in)e Fq(MSTP\(53\))p |
| | 26312 | Fw(,)48 b(while)0 1522 y Fq(MSTP\(55\))31 b Fw(has)e(no)g(function.)42 |
| | 26313 | b(The)30 b(anomalous)d(part)i(is)f(still)f(based)j(on)f(the)g(SaS)g |
| | 26314 | (parametrization,)0 1630 y(with)j Fq(PARP\(15\))j Fw(as)e(main)d(free)j |
| | 26315 | (parameter.)146 1739 y(Curren)m(tly)-8 b(,)35 b(hadrons)f(are)g(not)g |
| | 26316 | (de\014ned)h(with)e(an)m(y)i(photonic)e(con)m(ten)m(t.)48 |
| | 26317 | b(None)34 b(of)f(the)h(pro)s(cesses)0 1847 y(are)f(therefore)g(relev)-5 |
| | 26318 | b(an)m(t)32 b(in)g(hadron{hadron)h(collisions.)40 b(In)33 |
| | 26319 | b(ep)g(collisions,)d(the)j(electron)g(can)g(emit)0 1955 |
| | 26320 | y(an)d(almost)e(real)h(photon,)i(whic)m(h)f(ma)m(y)g(in)m(teract)g |
| | 26321 | (directly)f(or)h(b)s(e)g(resolv)m(ed.)43 b(In)31 b(e)3004 |
| | 26322 | 1919 y Fl(+)3063 1955 y Fw(e)3106 1919 y Fk(\000)3195 |
| | 26323 | 1955 y Fw(collisions,)d(one)0 2064 y(ma)m(y)k(ha)m(v)m(e)i(direct,)f |
| | 26324 | (singly-resolv)m(ed)f(or)g(doubly-resolv)m(ed)h(pro)s(cesses.)146 |
| | 26325 | 2172 y(The)40 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)44 b Fw(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)39 |
| | 26326 | b(to)f(the)i Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)39 b(description)f(in)m(v)m(olv)m(es)i |
| | 26327 | (six)f(di\013eren)m(t)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(classes,)h(see)e(sec-)0 |
| | 26328 | 2280 y(tion)i(7.7.2.)73 b(These)45 b(classes)e(can)g(b)s(e)g(obtained)f |
| | 26329 | (b)m(y)i(setting)g Fq(MSTP\(14\))h Fw(to)d(0,)j(2,)g(3,)g(5,)g(6)e(and) |
| | 26330 | g(7,)0 2389 y(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)51 b(If)35 b(one)g(com)m(bines) |
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| | 26333 | i(description,)h(it)c(is)i(enough)g(to)g(use)h(the)f |
| | 26334 | Fq(MSTP\(14\))i Fw(options)0 2605 y(0,)g(1)e(and)h(4.)72 |
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| | 26336 | (used)h(for)d(the)i Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)43 b(ones)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)0 |
| | 26337 | 2714 y(Th)m(us)36 b(the)f(direct)p Fn(\002)p Fw(direct)f(and)g(direct)p |
| | 26338 | Fn(\002)p Fw(VMD)h(pro)s(cesses)h(require)f(the)g(same)f(cut-o\013s)g |
| | 26339 | (as)h(used)g(for)0 2822 y(direct)27 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)27 |
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| | 26341 | (as)g(used)h(for)f(VMD)f Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)28 b(ev)m(en)m(ts,)i(and)d |
| | 26342 | (the)h(rest)0 2930 y(\(anomalous)p Fn(\002)p Fw(anomalous,)i(direct)p |
| | 26343 | Fn(\002)p Fw(anomalous)i(and)h(VMD)p Fn(\002)p Fw(anomalous\))f(the)h |
| | 26344 | (same)g(as)g(used)h(for)0 3039 y(anomalous)d Fj(\015)5 |
| | 26345 | b Fw(p)33 b(ev)m(en)m(ts.)146 3147 y(As)43 b(with)f Fj(\015)5 |
| | 26346 | b Fw(p)43 b(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k(the)c(option)e Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)k |
| | 26347 | Fw(giv)m(es)e(a)f(mixture)g(of)g(the)g(six)h(p)s(ossible)e |
| | 26348 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)0 3255 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)33 b(classes.)44 |
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| | 26354 | (to)h(mildly)d(virtual)i(photons.)52 b(Curren)m(tly)36 |
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| | 26360 | (ours;)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)d(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h(are)g(set)g(b)m(y)g(the)f |
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| | 26373 | (tak)m(es)k(to)f(place)f(of)g(the)h(hea)m(viest)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g |
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| | 26375 | 4556 y(lepton)41 b(KF)f(co)s(des)j(come)e(after)g(quark)h(ones,)i(they) |
| | 26376 | e(are)f(coun)m(ted)i(as)e(b)s(eing)g(`hea)m(vier',)j(and)d(th)m(us)0 |
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| | 26385 | 5097 y Fj(Q)77 5061 y Fl(2)117 5097 y Fj(F)180 5112 y |
| | 26386 | Fh(\031)227 5097 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)342 5061 y Fl(2)382 5097 |
| | 26387 | y Fw(\))27 b Fn(\031)h Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(55)p Fj(=)17 |
| | 26388 | b Fw(ln)e Fj(Q)966 5061 y Fl(2)1006 5097 y Fw(,)32 b(with)h |
| | 26389 | Fj(Q)f Fw(in)g(GeV.)0 5345 y Fo(8.3.3)112 b(Deep)38 b(inelastic)e |
| | 26390 | (scattering)0 5518 y Fq(MSEL)e Fw(=)e(1,)g(2,)h(35,)f(36,)g(37,)g(38)0 |
| | 26391 | 5626 y(ISUB)h(=)1817 5953 y(124)p eop |
| | 26392 | %%Page: 125 131 |
| | 26393 | 125 130 bop 50 -30 a Fw(10)99 b(f)277 -15 y Fh(i)305 |
| | 26394 | -30 y Fw(f)335 -15 y Fh(j)399 -30 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)556 |
| | 26395 | -15 y Fh(k)599 -30 y Fw(f)629 -15 y Fh(l)50 90 y Fw(83)99 |
| | 26396 | b(q)298 105 y Fh(i)327 90 y Fw(f)357 105 y Fh(j)421 90 |
| | 26397 | y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Q)624 105 y Fh(k)666 90 y Fw(f)696 105 |
| | 26398 | y Fh(l)146 206 y Fw(The)j(`deep)f(inelastic)e(scattering')h(\(DIS\))h |
| | 26399 | (pro)s(cesses,)i(i.e.)42 b Fj(t)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)28 b(electro)m(w)m |
| | 26400 | (eak)i(gauge)e(b)s(oson)0 314 y(exc)m(hange,)k(are)f(traditionally)26 |
| | 26401 | b(asso)s(ciated)k(with)g(in)m(teractions)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(a)e |
| | 26402 | (lepton)g(or)g(neutrino)f(and)0 422 y(a)h(hadron,)g(but)g(pro)s(cesses) |
| | 26403 | i(10)d(and)h(83)g(can)g(equally)f(w)m(ell)g(b)s(e)h(applied)f(for)g(qq) |
| | 26404 | i(scattering)e(in)g(hadron)0 531 y(colliders)c(\(with)h(a)g(cross)h |
| | 26405 | (section)g(m)m(uc)m(h)g(smaller)d(than)j(corresp)s(onding)f(QCD)g(pro)s |
| | 26406 | (cesses,)k(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er\).)0 639 y(If)j(applied)e(to)h(incoming)e |
| | 26407 | (e)1018 603 y Fl(+)1078 639 y Fw(e)1121 603 y Fk(\000)1213 |
| | 26408 | 639 y Fw(b)s(eams,)i(pro)s(cess)i(10)e(corresp)s(onds)i(to)e(Bhabha)h |
| | 26409 | (scattering.)146 747 y(F)-8 b(or)25 b(pro)s(cess)j(10)d(b)s(oth)h |
| | 26410 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)27 b(Z)1165 711 y Fl(0)1230 747 y Fw(and)f(W)1514 |
| | 26411 | 711 y Fk(\006)1599 747 y Fw(exc)m(hange)i(con)m(tribute,)f(including)d |
| | 26412 | (in)m(terference)j(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)0 856 y Fj(\015)k |
| | 26413 | Fw(and)c(Z)326 820 y Fl(0)365 856 y Fw(.)42 b(The)27 |
| | 26414 | b(switc)m(h)g Fq(MSTP\(21\))i Fw(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(used)g(to)f(restrict) |
| | 26415 | h(to)f(only)g(some)g(of)g(these,)j(e.g.)42 b(neutral)0 |
| | 26416 | 964 y(or)32 b(c)m(harged)i(curren)m(t)f(only)-8 b(.)146 |
| | 26417 | 1072 y(The)32 b(option)d Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)k Fw(\(see)f(previous)e |
| | 26418 | (section\))h(has)g(no)m(w)g(b)s(een)g(extended)h(so)f(that)f(it)f(also) |
| | 26419 | 0 1181 y(w)m(orks)44 b(for)d(deep)j(inelastic)c(sacattering)i(of)g(an)g |
| | 26420 | (electron)g(o\013)g(a)g(\(real\))f(photon,)k(i.e.)71 |
| | 26421 | b(pro)s(cess)44 b(10.)0 1289 y(What)39 b(is)e(obtained)h(is)g(a)h |
| | 26422 | (mixture)e(of)h(the)h(photon)f(acting)g(as)h(a)f(v)m(ector)h(meson)g |
| | 26423 | (and)f(it)g(acting)f(as)0 1397 y(an)44 b(anomalous)e(state.)77 |
| | 26424 | b(This)44 b(should)f(therefore)i(b)s(e)f(the)g(sum)f(of)h(what)g(can)g |
| | 26425 | (b)s(e)g(obtained)f(with)0 1506 y Fq(MSTP\(14\)=2)33 |
| | 26426 | b Fw(and)e Fq(=3)p Fw(.)43 b(It)30 b(is)g(distinct)g(from)f |
| | 26427 | Fq(MSTP\(14\)=1)k Fw(in)d(that)g(di\013eren)m(t)h(sets)g(are)g(used)g |
| | 26428 | (for)f(the)0 1614 y(parton)37 b(distributions)f(|)h(in)g |
| | 26429 | Fq(MSTP\(14\)=1)j Fw(all)35 b(the)j(con)m(tributions)f(to)g(the)h |
| | 26430 | (photon)f(distributions)0 1722 y(are)29 b(lump)s(ed)f(together,)i |
| | 26431 | (while)f(they)h(are)f(split)f(in)g(VMD)h(and)g(anomalous)f(parts)h(for) |
| | 26432 | g Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(.)0 1831 y(Also)40 b(the)h(b)s(eam)e(remnan)m |
| | 26433 | (t)i(treatmen)m(t)f(is)g(di\013eren)m(t,)j(with)d(a)g(simple)f |
| | 26434 | (Gaussian)g(distribution)g(\(at)0 1939 y(least)i(b)m(y)h(default\))f |
| | 26435 | (for)g Fq(MSTP\(14\)=1)j Fw(and)d(the)h(VMD)g(part)f(of)48 |
| | 26436 | b Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(,)e(but)c(a)f(p)s(o)m(w)m(erlik)m(e)0 |
| | 26437 | 2048 y(distribution)31 b(d)p Fj(k)640 2011 y Fl(2)637 |
| | 26438 | 2072 y Fk(?)696 2048 y Fj(=k)799 2011 y Fl(2)796 2072 |
| | 26439 | y Fk(?)887 2048 y Fw(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j Fq(PARP\(15\))h |
| | 26440 | Fw(and)e Fj(Q)f Fw(for)g(the)h(anomalous)e(part)i(of)39 |
| | 26441 | b Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(.)146 2156 y(T)-8 b(o)49 b(access)h(this)e |
| | 26442 | (option)g(for)f(e)i(and)g Fj(\015)k Fw(as)c(incoming)d(b)s(eams,)52 |
| | 26443 | b(it)c(is)g(only)g(necessary)j(to)d(set)0 2264 y Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)35 |
| | 26444 | b Fw(and)e(k)m(eep)h Fq(MSEL)f Fw(at)f(its)g(default)f(v)-5 |
| | 26445 | b(alue.)43 b(Unlik)m(e)32 b(the)h(corresp)s(onding)f(option)g(for)f |
| | 26446 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)0 2373 y(and)35 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)g |
| | 26447 | Fw(,)36 b(no)f(cuts)h(are)g(o)m(v)m(erwritten,)h(i.e.)50 |
| | 26448 | b(it)35 b(is)f(still)f(the)j(resp)s(onsabilit)m(y)e(of)h(the)g(user)h |
| | 26449 | (to)f(set)h(these)0 2481 y(appropriately)-8 b(.)146 2589 |
| | 26450 | y(Cuts)58 b(esp)s(ecially)e(appropriate)g(for)h(DIS)g(usage)g(include)g |
| | 26451 | (either)f Fq(CKIN\(21\)-CKIN\(22\))62 b Fw(or)0 2698 |
| | 26452 | y Fq(CKIN\(23\)-CKIN\(24\))49 b Fw(for)44 b(the)i Fj(x)f |
| | 26453 | Fw(range)f(\(former)g(or)g(latter)g(dep)s(ending)h(on)g(whic)m(h)g |
| | 26454 | (side)g(is)f(the)0 2806 y(incoming)36 b(real)h(photon\),)j |
| | 26455 | Fq(CKIN\(35\)-CKIN\(36\))i Fw(for)c(the)g Fj(Q)2335 2770 |
| | 26456 | y Fl(2)2413 2806 y Fw(range,)i(and)e Fq(CKIN\(39\)-CKIN\(40\))0 |
| | 26457 | 2914 y Fw(for)32 b(the)h Fj(W)423 2878 y Fl(2)495 2914 |
| | 26458 | y Fw(range.)146 3023 y(In)48 b(principle,)h(the)f(DIS)f |
| | 26459 | Fj(x)h Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)45 b(of)i(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(corresp)s(onds)f |
| | 26460 | (to)f(the)h Fj(x)g Fw(v)-5 b(alue)46 b(stored)i(in)0 |
| | 26461 | 3131 y Fq(PARI\(33\))42 b Fw(or)e Fq(PARI\(34\))p Fw(,)k(dep)s(ending)d |
| | 26462 | (on)f(whic)m(h)g(side)g(the)h(incoming)d(hadron)i(is)g(on,)i(while)d |
| | 26463 | (the)0 3239 y(DIS)c Fj(Q)276 3203 y Fl(2)349 3239 y Fw(=)d |
| | 26464 | Fn(\000)535 3221 y Fw(^)534 3239 y Fj(t)i Fw(=)p Fq(-PARI\(15\))p |
| | 26465 | Fw(.)55 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)38 b(just)e(lik)m(e)f(initial-)c(and)36 |
| | 26466 | b(\014nal-state)f(radiation)e(can)j(shift)0 3348 y(jet)30 |
| | 26467 | b(momen)m(ta,)g(they)h(can)f(mo)s(dify)f(the)h(momen)m(tum)f(of)h(the)g |
| | 26468 | (scattered)i(lepton.)42 b(Therefore)31 b(the)g(DIS)0 |
| | 26469 | 3456 y Fj(x)36 b Fw(and)f Fj(Q)360 3420 y Fl(2)435 3456 |
| | 26470 | y Fw(v)-5 b(ariables)35 b(are)g(not)g(automatically)d(conserv)m(ed.)55 |
| | 26471 | b(An)36 b(option,)f(on)g(b)m(y)h(default,)g(exists)g(in)0 |
| | 26472 | 3564 y Fq(MSTP\(23\))p Fw(,)k(where)e(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)g(can)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 26473 | (`mo)s(di\014ed)f(bac)m(k')i(so)f(as)g(to)g(conserv)m(e)i |
| | 26474 | Fj(x)e Fw(and)g Fj(Q)3334 3528 y Fl(2)3374 3564 y Fw(,)h(but)f(this)0 |
| | 26475 | 3673 y(option)31 b(is)i(still)d(rather)i(primitiv)m(e)f(and)h(should)h |
| | 26476 | (not)f(b)s(e)h(tak)m(en)h(to)s(o)d(literally)-8 b(.)146 |
| | 26477 | 3781 y(Pro)s(cess)34 b(83)e(is)g(the)h(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)33 |
| | 26478 | b(of)f(pro)s(cess)i(10)e(for)g(W)2189 3745 y Fk(\006)2281 |
| | 26479 | 3781 y Fw(exc)m(hange)i(only)-8 b(,)32 b(but)h(with)f(the)h(hea)m(vy-)0 |
| | 26480 | 3889 y(quark)d(mass)f(included)f(in)g(the)i(matrix)d(elemen)m(t.)42 |
| | 26481 | b(In)30 b(hadron)f(colliders)e(it)h(is)g(mainly)f(of)i(in)m(terest)g |
| | 26482 | (for)0 3998 y(the)35 b(pro)s(duction)e(of)h(v)m(ery)i(hea)m(vy)f(\015a) |
| | 26483 | m(v)m(ours,)h(where)g(the)e(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)f(of)g(pro)s(ducing)h |
| | 26484 | (just)g(one)h(hea)m(vy)0 4106 y(quark)g(is)e(kinematically)e(fa)m(v)m |
| | 26485 | (oured)k(o)m(v)m(er)g(pair)e(pro)s(duction.)48 b(The)34 |
| | 26486 | b(selection)g(of)g(the)g(hea)m(vy)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)0 |
| | 26487 | 4214 y(is)c(already)g(discussed)j(in)c(section)i(8.2.2.)0 |
| | 26488 | 4462 y Fo(8.3.4)112 b(Single)37 b Fw(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z)g |
| | 26489 | Fo(pro)s(duction)0 4635 y Fq(MSEL)d Fw(=)e(11,)g(12,)g(13,)g(14,)h(15,) |
| | 26490 | f(\(21\))0 4743 y(ISUB)h(=)1817 5953 y(125)p eop |
| | 26491 | %%Page: 126 132 |
| | 26492 | 126 131 bop 223 -30 a Fw(1)100 b(f)402 -15 y Fh(i)p 430 |
| | 26493 | -109 37 4 v 430 -30 a Fw(f)466 -15 y Fh(i)522 -30 y Fn(!)28 |
| | 26494 | b Fj(\015)706 -66 y Fk(\003)745 -30 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)854 |
| | 26495 | -66 y Fl(0)223 90 y Fw(2)100 b(f)402 105 y Fh(i)p 430 |
| | 26496 | 11 V 430 90 a Fw(f)466 105 y Fh(j)531 90 y Fn(!)27 b |
| | 26497 | Fw(W)759 54 y Fl(+)174 211 y Fw(15)100 b(f)402 226 y |
| | 26498 | Fh(i)p 430 131 V 430 211 a Fw(f)466 226 y Fh(i)522 211 |
| | 26499 | y Fn(!)28 b Fw(g\()p Fj(\015)793 174 y Fk(\003)832 211 |
| | 26500 | y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)941 174 y Fl(0)980 211 y Fw(\))174 331 |
| | 26501 | y(16)100 b(f)402 346 y Fh(i)p 430 252 V 430 331 a Fw(f)466 |
| | 26502 | 346 y Fh(j)531 331 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(gW)808 295 y Fl(+)174 |
| | 26503 | 451 y Fw(19)100 b(f)402 466 y Fh(i)p 430 372 V 430 451 |
| | 26504 | a Fw(f)466 466 y Fh(i)522 451 y Fn(!)28 b Fj(\015)5 b |
| | 26505 | Fw(\()p Fj(\015)800 415 y Fk(\003)839 451 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)948 |
| | 26506 | 415 y Fl(0)987 451 y Fw(\))174 572 y(20)100 b(f)402 587 |
| | 26507 | y Fh(i)p 430 493 V 430 572 a Fw(f)466 587 y Fh(j)531 |
| | 26508 | 572 y Fn(!)27 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(W)815 536 y Fl(+)174 692 |
| | 26509 | y Fw(30)100 b(f)402 707 y Fh(i)430 692 y Fw(g)28 b Fn(!)g |
| | 26510 | Fw(f)665 707 y Fh(i)693 692 y Fw(\()p Fj(\015)787 656 |
| | 26511 | y Fk(\003)826 692 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)935 656 y Fl(0)974 692 |
| | 26512 | y Fw(\))174 812 y(31)100 b(f)402 827 y Fh(i)430 812 y |
| | 26513 | Fw(g)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(f)665 827 y Fh(k)707 812 y Fw(W)808 |
| | 26514 | 776 y Fl(+)174 933 y Fw(35)100 b(f)402 948 y Fh(i)430 |
| | 26515 | 933 y Fj(\015)32 b Fn(!)c Fw(f)671 948 y Fh(i)699 933 |
| | 26516 | y Fw(\()p Fj(\015)793 897 y Fk(\003)832 933 y Fj(=)p |
| | 26517 | Fw(Z)941 897 y Fl(0)980 933 y Fw(\))174 1053 y(36)100 |
| | 26518 | b(f)402 1068 y Fh(i)430 1053 y Fj(\015)32 b Fn(!)c Fw(f)671 |
| | 26519 | 1068 y Fh(k)713 1053 y Fw(W)814 1017 y Fl(+)126 1174 |
| | 26520 | y Fw(131)99 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(Z)686 1137 y Fl(0)725 |
| | 26521 | 1174 y Fw(Q)801 1189 y Fh(k)p 843 1096 76 4 v 843 1174 |
| | 26522 | a Fw(Q)919 1197 y Fh(k)50 1294 y Fw(\(141\))99 b(f)402 |
| | 26523 | 1309 y Fh(i)p 430 1215 37 4 v 430 1294 a Fw(f)466 1309 |
| | 26524 | y Fh(i)522 1294 y Fn(!)28 b Fj(\015)5 b(=)p Fw(Z)815 |
| | 26525 | 1258 y Fl(0)853 1294 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)962 1258 y Fk(0)p |
| | 26526 | Fl(0)146 1404 y Fw(This)43 b(group)f(consists)h(of)e(2)j |
| | 26527 | Fn(!)g Fw(1)e(pro)s(cesses,)47 b(i.e.)72 b(pro)s(duction)41 |
| | 26528 | b(of)h(a)g(single)f(resonance,)46 b(and)0 1512 y(2)30 |
| | 26529 | b Fn(!)f Fw(2)34 b(pro)s(cesses,)i(where)f(the)f(resonance)h(is)f |
| | 26530 | (recoiling)d(against)i(a)g(jet)h(or)g(a)f(photon.)47 |
| | 26531 | b(The)35 b(pro)s(cess)0 1621 y(141,)d(whic)m(h)h(also)f(is)g(listed)f |
| | 26532 | (here,)j(is)e(describ)s(ed)h(further)g(elsewhere.)146 |
| | 26533 | 1729 y(With)26 b(initial-state)c(sho)m(w)m(ers)28 b(turned)e(on,)h(the) |
| | 26534 | g(2)g Fn(!)g Fw(1)f(pro)s(cesses)i(also)d(generate)h(additional)d |
| | 26535 | (jets;)0 1837 y(in)j(order)g(to)g(a)m(v)m(oid)h(double-coun)m(ting,)g |
| | 26536 | (the)f(corresp)s(onding)h(2)g Fn(!)h Fw(2)e(pro)s(cesses)i(should)f |
| | 26537 | (therefore)g(not)0 1946 y(b)s(e)37 b(turned)i(on)e(sim)m(ultaneously)-8 |
| | 26538 | b(.)56 b(The)38 b(basic)f(rule)g(is)g(to)g(use)h(the)g(2)d |
| | 26539 | Fn(!)h Fw(1)h(pro)s(cesses)i(for)e(inclusiv)m(e)0 2054 |
| | 26540 | y(generation)d(of)f(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z,)i(i.e.)48 b(where)36 |
| | 26541 | b(the)f(bulk)f(of)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(studied)e(ha)m(v)m(e)g |
| | 26542 | Fj(p)2910 2069 y Fk(?)3000 2054 y Fn(\034)30 b Fj(m)3215 |
| | 26543 | 2070 y Fl(W)q Fh(=)p Fl(Z)3371 2054 y Fw(,)35 b(whic)m(h)g(is)0 |
| | 26544 | 2162 y(where)h(parton)e(sho)m(w)m(ers)j(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)f(exp)s(ected)j |
| | 26545 | (to)d(do)h(a)f(go)s(o)s(d)g(job.)49 b(F)-8 b(or)34 b(dedicated)h |
| | 26546 | (studies)g(of)g(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z)0 2271 y(pro)s(duction)f(at)g(larger)f |
| | 26547 | (transv)m(erse)k(momen)m(ta,)d(the)h(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(tend)f |
| | 26548 | (to)g(underestimate)f(the)0 2379 y(ev)m(en)m(t)e(rates.)43 |
| | 26549 | b(It)30 b(is)g(here)h(b)s(etter)g(to)e(start)i(from)e(the)h(2)e |
| | 26550 | Fn(!)f Fw(2)j(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)j(and)f(add)g(sho)m(w)m(ers)j(to)0 |
| | 26551 | 2487 y(these.)48 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)36 b(the)e(2)29 |
| | 26552 | b Fn(!)g Fw(2)k(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts)i(are)g(div)m(ergen)m(t)g(for)f |
| | 26553 | Fj(p)2677 2502 y Fk(?)2765 2487 y Fn(!)c Fw(0,)34 b(and)f(should)h(not) |
| | 26554 | f(b)s(e)0 2596 y(used)j(do)m(wn)f(to)f(the)h(lo)m(w-)p |
| | 26555 | Fj(p)1001 2611 y Fk(?)1094 2596 y Fw(region,)f(or)g(one)h(ma)m(y)f(get) |
| | 26556 | h(unph)m(ysical)g(cross)g(sections.)50 b(The)36 b(problem)0 |
| | 26557 | 2704 y(of)31 b(double-coun)m(ting)g(applies)h(not)f(only)h(to)f(W)q |
| | 26558 | Fj(=)p Fw(Z)h(pro)s(duction)f(in)h(hadron)f(colliders,)g(but)h(also)f |
| | 26559 | (to)h(a)0 2812 y(pro)s(cess)h(lik)m(e)e(e)560 2776 y |
| | 26560 | Fl(+)619 2812 y Fw(e)662 2776 y Fk(\000)749 2812 y Fn(!)c |
| | 26561 | Fw(Z)936 2776 y Fl(0)976 2812 y Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)31 b(whic)m(h)i |
| | 26562 | (clearly)d(is)h(part)h(of)f(the)h(initial-state)c(radiation)h |
| | 26563 | (corrections)j(to)0 2921 y(e)43 2885 y Fl(+)102 2921 |
| | 26564 | y Fw(e)145 2885 y Fk(\000)233 2921 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Z)420 |
| | 26565 | 2885 y Fl(0)492 2921 y Fw(obtained)32 b(for)g Fq(MSTP\(11\)=1)p |
| | 26566 | Fw(.)46 b(As)33 b(is)f(the)h(case)h(for)e(Z)g(pro)s(duction)g(in)g |
| | 26567 | (asso)s(ciation)f(with)0 3029 y(jets,)i(the)g(2)28 b |
| | 26568 | Fn(!)f Fw(2)32 b(pro)s(cess)i(should)e(therefore)i(only)e(b)s(e)g(used) |
| | 26569 | i(for)e(the)h(high-)p Fj(p)2874 3044 y Fk(?)2965 3029 |
| | 26570 | y Fw(region.)146 3137 y(The)41 b(Z)414 3101 y Fl(0)493 |
| | 26571 | 3137 y Fw(of)f(subpro)s(cess)i(1)d(includes)h(the)h(full)d(in)m |
| | 26572 | (terference)j(structure)g Fj(\015)2944 3101 y Fk(\003)2984 |
| | 26573 | 3137 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3093 3101 y Fl(0)3131 3137 y Fw(;)j(via)39 |
| | 26574 | b Fq(MSTP\(43\))0 3246 y Fw(y)m(ou)48 b(can)g(select)f(to)g(pro)s(duce) |
| | 26575 | h(only)f Fj(\015)1478 3210 y Fk(\003)1518 3246 y Fw(,)k(only)46 |
| | 26576 | b(Z)1884 3210 y Fl(0)1924 3246 y Fw(,)51 b(or)c(the)g(full)f |
| | 26577 | Fj(\015)2560 3210 y Fk(\003)2599 3246 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2708 |
| | 26578 | 3210 y Fl(0)2747 3246 y Fw(.)88 b(The)48 b(same)f(holds)g(true)0 |
| | 26579 | 3354 y(for)41 b(the)h(Z)395 3318 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)494 3354 |
| | 26580 | y Fw(of)f(subpro)s(cess)j(141;)h(via)c Fq(MSTP\(44\))i |
| | 26581 | Fw(an)m(y)f(com)m(bination)e(of)h Fj(\015)2883 3318 y |
| | 26582 | Fk(\003)2922 3354 y Fw(,)j(Z)3053 3318 y Fl(0)3133 3354 |
| | 26583 | y Fw(and)e(Z)3392 3318 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)3492 3354 y Fw(can)f(b)s(e)0 |
| | 26584 | 3462 y(selected.)61 b(Th)m(us,)42 b(subpro)s(cess)e(141)d(with)h |
| | 26585 | Fq(MSTP\(44\)=4)j Fw(is)d(essen)m(tially)g(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)38 |
| | 26586 | b(to)f(subpro)s(cess)0 3571 y(1)43 b(with)h Fq(MSTP\(43\)=3)p |
| | 26587 | Fw(;)52 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)d(pro)s(cess)c(141)d(also)h(includes)h(the) |
| | 26588 | g(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e(of)h(a)g(deca)m(y)i(in)m(to)0 3679 |
| | 26589 | y(Higgses.)c(Also)24 b(pro)s(cesses)j(15,)e(19,)h(30)e(and)h(35)f(con)m |
| | 26590 | (tain)g(the)h(full)e(mixture)h(of)g Fj(\015)2915 3643 |
| | 26591 | y Fk(\003)2954 3679 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3063 3643 y Fl(0)3102 |
| | 26592 | 3679 y Fw(,)i(with)e Fq(MSTP\(43\))0 3787 y Fw(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 26593 | b(ailable)28 b(to)h(c)m(hange)i(this.)43 b(Only)29 b(the)i(Z)1527 |
| | 26594 | 3751 y Fl(0)1596 3787 y Fw(that)f(app)s(ears)g(in)g(pro)s(cess)h(131)e |
| | 26595 | (do)s(es)i(not)f(con)m(tain)g(the)g Fj(\015)3740 3751 |
| | 26596 | y Fk(\003)0 3896 y Fw(con)m(tribution.)146 4004 y(Note)39 |
| | 26597 | b(that)f(pro)s(cess)i(1,)g(with)e(only)g(q)p 1566 3951 |
| | 26598 | 52 4 v(q)g Fn(!)f Fj(\015)1848 3968 y Fk(\003)1926 4004 |
| | 26599 | y Fn(!)g Fj(`)2104 3968 y Fl(+)2163 4004 y Fj(`)2204 |
| | 26600 | 3968 y Fk(\000)2301 4004 y Fw(allo)m(w)m(ed,)i(and)g(studied)g(in)f |
| | 26601 | (the)g(region)0 4113 y(w)m(ell)g(b)s(elo)m(w)g(the)g(Z)719 |
| | 26602 | 4076 y Fl(0)797 4113 y Fw(mass,)i(is)d(what)i(is)f(con)m(v)m(en)m |
| | 26603 | (tionally)g(called)f(Drell{Y)-8 b(an.)58 b(This)39 b(latter)e(pro)s |
| | 26604 | (cess)0 4221 y(therefore)i(do)s(es)g(not)f(app)s(ear)g(under)h(a)f |
| | 26605 | (separate)h(heading,)h(but)e(can)h(b)s(e)f(obtained)g(b)m(y)h(a)f |
| | 26606 | (suitable)0 4329 y(setting)32 b(of)g(switc)m(hes)j(and)d(parameters.) |
| | 26607 | 146 4438 y(A)37 b(pro)s(cess)h(lik)m(e)e(f)813 4453 y |
| | 26608 | Fh(i)p 841 4358 37 4 v 841 4438 a Fw(f)878 4453 y Fh(j)950 |
| | 26609 | 4438 y Fn(!)e Fj(\015)5 b Fw(W)1241 4401 y Fl(+)1338 |
| | 26610 | 4438 y Fw(is)36 b(only)h(included)f(in)g(the)h(limit)d(that)i(the)i |
| | 26611 | Fj(\015)k Fw(is)36 b(emitted)g(in)g(the)0 4546 y(`initial)28 |
| | 26612 | b(state',)k(while)f(the)h(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d(of)i(a)g(\014nal-state)g |
| | 26613 | (radiation)e(o\013)i(the)h(W)2950 4510 y Fl(+)3041 4546 |
| | 26614 | y Fw(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(ducts)f(is)0 4654 y(not)i(explicitly)d(included)j |
| | 26615 | (\(but)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(obtained)f(implicitly)c(b)m(y)35 |
| | 26616 | b(the)f(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h(mac)m(hinery\))0 4763 y(and)42 |
| | 26617 | b(v)-5 b(arious)40 b(in)m(terference)j(terms)e(are)h(not)f(at)g(all)e |
| | 26618 | (presen)m(t.)72 b(Some)41 b(caution)g(m)m(ust)g(therefore)h(b)s(e)0 |
| | 26619 | 4871 y(exercised;)34 b(see)g(also)e(section)g(8.3.5)g(for)g(related)h |
| | 26620 | (commen)m(ts.)146 4979 y(F)-8 b(or)44 b(the)i(2)i Fn(!)g |
| | 26621 | Fw(1)d(pro)s(cesses,)50 b(the)45 b(Breit{Wigner)e(includes)i(an)k(^)-53 |
| | 26622 | b Fj(s)p Fw(-dep)s(enden)m(t)46 b(width,)i(whic)m(h)0 |
| | 26623 | 5088 y(should)38 b(pro)m(vide)g(an)g(impro)m(v)m(ed)g(description)g(of) |
| | 26624 | f(line)g(shap)s(es.)61 b(In)38 b(fact,)i(from)d(a)g(line-shap)s(e)g(p)s |
| | 26625 | (oin)m(t)0 5196 y(of)32 b(view,)g(pro)s(cess)i(1)e(should)g(pro)m(vide) |
| | 26626 | g(a)g(more)g(accurate)h(sim)m(ulation)c(of)j(e)2781 5160 |
| | 26627 | y Fl(+)2840 5196 y Fw(e)2883 5160 y Fk(\000)2975 5196 |
| | 26628 | y Fw(annihilation)c(ev)m(en)m(ts)0 5304 y(than)40 b(the)g(dedicated)h |
| | 26629 | (e)900 5268 y Fl(+)959 5304 y Fw(e)1002 5268 y Fk(\000)1102 |
| | 26630 | 5304 y Fw(generation)e(sc)m(heme)i(of)47 b Fm(Jetset)38 |
| | 26631 | b Fw(\(see)j(section)g(6.1\).)65 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)44 |
| | 26632 | b(the)0 5413 y Fj(p)49 5428 y Fk(?)146 5413 y Fw(distribution)37 |
| | 26633 | b(of)h(radiated)f(initial-state)e(photons)k(is)f(probably)g(still)e(b)s |
| | 26634 | (etter)j(mo)s(delled)d(in)i(the)0 5521 y Fm(Jetset)21 |
| | 26635 | b Fw(routines.)40 b(Another)22 b(di\013erence)h(is)f(that)g |
| | 26636 | Fm(Jetset)f Fw(only)g(allo)m(ws)g(the)i(generation)e(of)h |
| | 26637 | Fj(\015)3465 5485 y Fk(\003)3504 5521 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3613 |
| | 26638 | 5485 y Fl(0)3680 5521 y Fn(!)0 5629 y Fw(q)p 51 5576 |
| | 26639 | 52 4 v(q)q(,)40 b(while)d(pro)s(cess)i(1)f(additionally)d(con)m(tains)j |
| | 26640 | Fj(\015)1851 5593 y Fk(\003)1891 5629 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2000 |
| | 26641 | 5593 y Fl(0)2076 5629 y Fn(!)e Fj(`)2253 5593 y Fl(+)2312 |
| | 26642 | 5629 y Fj(`)2353 5593 y Fk(\000)2450 5629 y Fw(and)j |
| | 26643 | Fj(\015)2702 5593 y Fk(\003)2741 5629 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2850 |
| | 26644 | 5593 y Fl(0)2926 5629 y Fn(!)e Fj(\027)p 3117 5576 55 |
| | 26645 | 4 v 6 w(\027)7 b Fw(.)60 b(The)39 b(parton-)1817 5953 |
| | 26646 | y(126)p eop |
| | 26647 | %%Page: 127 133 |
| | 26648 | 127 132 bop 0 -18 a Fw(sho)m(w)m(er)29 b(and)d(fragmen)m(tation)f |
| | 26649 | (descriptions)i(are)g(the)g(same,)h(but)f(the)g Fm(Pythia)g |
| | 26650 | Fw(implemen)m(tation)d(has)0 90 y(not)36 b(b)s(een)h(in)m(terfaced)g |
| | 26651 | (with)f(the)g(\014rst-)h(and)f(second-order)i(matrix-elemen)m(t)c |
| | 26652 | (options)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)34 b(in)0 198 y Fm(Jetset)p |
| | 26653 | Fw(.)146 307 y(Almost)d(all)e(pro)s(cesses)34 b(in)d(this)g(group)h(ha) |
| | 26654 | m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(included)f(with)h(the)g(correct)g(angular)e |
| | 26655 | (distri-)0 415 y(bution)f(in)h(the)g(subsequen)m(t)j(W)q |
| | 26656 | Fj(=)p Fw(Z)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(f)p 1482 336 37 4 v 7 w(f)37 |
| | 26657 | b(deca)m(ys.)45 b(The)31 b(exception)f(is)g(pro)s(cess)h(36,)f(where)i |
| | 26658 | (curren)m(tly)0 523 y(the)h(W)h(deca)m(ys)h(isotropically)-8 |
| | 26659 | b(.)146 632 y(The)36 b(pro)s(cess)g(e)734 595 y Fl(+)793 |
| | 26660 | 632 y Fw(e)836 595 y Fk(\000)927 632 y Fn(!)31 b Fw(e)1101 |
| | 26661 | 595 y Fl(+)1161 632 y Fw(e)1204 595 y Fk(\000)1263 632 |
| | 26662 | y Fw(Z)1323 595 y Fl(0)1397 632 y Fw(can)k(b)s(e)g(sim)m(ulated)e(in)h |
| | 26663 | (t)m(w)m(o)i(di\013eren)m(t)f(w)m(a)m(ys.)51 b(One)36 |
| | 26664 | b(is)e(to)g(mak)m(e)0 740 y(use)45 b(of)e(the)i(e)f(`sea')h |
| | 26665 | (distribution)d(inside)h(e,)k(i.e.)78 b(ha)m(v)m(e)45 |
| | 26666 | b(splittings)d(e)47 b Fn(!)g Fj(\015)52 b Fn(!)47 b Fw(e.)78 |
| | 26667 | b(This)44 b(can)g(b)s(e)0 848 y(obtained,)30 b(together)h(with)f |
| | 26668 | (ordinary)f(Z)1479 812 y Fl(0)1549 848 y Fw(pro)s(duction,)h(b)m(y)h |
| | 26669 | (using)f(subpro)s(cess)i(1,)f(with)f Fq(MSTP\(11\)=1)0 |
| | 26670 | 957 y Fw(and)k Fq(MSTP\(12\)=1)p Fw(.)49 b(Then)34 b(the)g(con)m |
| | 26671 | (tribution)f(of)g(the)h(t)m(yp)s(e)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(is)f(5.0)g(pb)h |
| | 26672 | (for)f(a)g(500)g(GeV)h(e)3618 920 y Fl(+)3677 957 y Fw(e)3720 |
| | 26673 | 920 y Fk(\000)0 1065 y Fw(collider,)40 b(compared)f(with)h(the)g |
| | 26674 | (correct)g(6.2)g(pb)g([Hag91)o(].)66 b(Alternativ)m(ely)39 |
| | 26675 | b(one)h(ma)m(y)f(use)i(pro)s(cess)0 1173 y(35,)31 b(with)h |
| | 26676 | Fq(MSTP\(11\)=1)i Fw(and)e Fq(MSTP\(12\)=0)p Fw(.)46 |
| | 26677 | b(T)-8 b(o)31 b(catc)m(h)i(the)f(singularit)m(y)e(in)h(the)h(forw)m |
| | 26678 | (ard)f(direction,)0 1282 y(regularized)j(b)m(y)i(the)g(electron)f |
| | 26679 | (mass,)h(it)e(is)h(necessary)j(to)d(set)h Fq(CKIN\(3\)=CKIN\(5\)=0.01)k |
| | 26680 | Fw(|)35 b(using)0 1390 y(lo)m(w)m(er)e(v)-5 b(alues)32 |
| | 26681 | b(will)f(only)h(slo)m(w)h(do)m(wn)g(execution,)h(not)e(signi\014can)m |
| | 26682 | (tly)g(increasing)g(the)h(cross)g(section.)0 1498 y(One)h(then)h |
| | 26683 | (obtains)e(5.1)g(pb,)i(i.e.)47 b(again)32 b(20\045)i(b)s(elo)m(w)f(the) |
| | 26684 | i(correct)f(v)-5 b(alue,)34 b(but)g(no)m(w)g(also)f(generates)0 |
| | 26685 | 1607 y(a)f Fj(p)130 1622 y Fk(?)222 1607 y Fw(distribution)e(for)i(the) |
| | 26686 | h(Z)1130 1571 y Fl(0)1170 1607 y Fw(;)f(this)g(is)g(therefore)i(to)e(b) |
| | 26687 | s(e)h(preferred.)146 1715 y(Pro)s(cess)42 b(36,)f(f)7 |
| | 26688 | b Fj(\015)45 b Fn(!)40 b Fw(f)982 1679 y Fk(0)1005 1715 |
| | 26689 | y Fw(W)1106 1679 y Fk(\006)1205 1715 y Fw(ma)m(y)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 26690 | (corresp)s(onding)f(problems;)j(except)f(that)d(in)g(e)3442 |
| | 26691 | 1679 y Fl(+)3502 1715 y Fw(e)3545 1679 y Fk(\000)3644 |
| | 26692 | 1715 y Fw(the)0 1823 y(forw)m(ard)f(scattering)f(amplitude)f(for)h(e)p |
| | 26693 | Fj(\015)42 b Fn(!)36 b Fj(\027)6 b Fw(W)40 b(is)d(killed)f(\(radiation) |
| | 26694 | f(zero\),)40 b(whic)m(h)e(means)g(that)0 1932 y(the)h(di\013eren)m |
| | 26695 | (tial)e(cross)i(section)g(is)f(v)-5 b(anishing)38 b(for)g |
| | 26696 | Fj(p)1991 1947 y Fk(?)2088 1932 y Fn(!)f Fw(0.)62 b(It)38 |
| | 26697 | b(is)g(therefore)i(feasible)d(to)h(use)i(the)0 2040 y(default)f |
| | 26698 | Fq(CKIN\(3\))j Fw(and)f Fq(CKIN\(5\))g Fw(v)-5 b(alues)40 |
| | 26699 | b(in)g(e)1793 2004 y Fl(+)1852 2040 y Fw(e)1895 2004 |
| | 26700 | y Fk(\000)1955 2040 y Fw(,)i(and)e(one)g(also)f(comes)i(closer)f(to)f |
| | 26701 | (the)i(correct)0 2148 y(cross)34 b(section.)146 2257 |
| | 26702 | y(One)23 b(single)f(true)h(2)k Fn(!)h Fw(3)22 b(pro)s(cess)i(is)e |
| | 26703 | (included)h(in)e(this)i(class)g(as)f(w)m(ell;)k(namely)21 |
| | 26704 | b(gg)29 b Fn(!)e Fw(Z)3347 2221 y Fl(0)3386 2257 y Fw(Q)p |
| | 26705 | 3462 2179 76 4 v(Q,)e(with)0 2365 y(full)i(massiv)m(e)i(matrix)e |
| | 26706 | (elemen)m(ts.)42 b(The)30 b(more)e(complicated)f(phase)j(space)g(and)e |
| | 26707 | (the)i(length)m(y)e(matrix-)0 2473 y(elemen)m(t)34 b(ev)-5 |
| | 26708 | b(aluations)32 b(mak)m(e)i(this)g(pro)s(cess)h(extremely)f(slo)m(w.)48 |
| | 26709 | b(With)33 b(the)h(quark)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(pic)m(k)m(ed)g(to)0 |
| | 26710 | 2582 y(b)s(e)h(b,)i(it)d(ma)m(y)h(form)f(an)h(imp)s(ortan)m(t)e(bac)m |
| | 26711 | (kground)j(to)f(in)m(termediate)f(mass)h(Higgs)f(searc)m(hes)k(in)c |
| | 26712 | (the)0 2690 y(m)m(ultilepton)f(c)m(hannel.)58 b(The)38 |
| | 26713 | b(quark)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(is)e(stored)i(in)e Fq(KFPR\(131,2\))p |
| | 26714 | Fw(;)43 b(the)37 b(default)f(is)h(5)e(=)g(b.)0 2798 y(The)26 |
| | 26715 | b(kinematics)f(is)f(set)i(up)g(in)e(terms)i(of)f(a)g(Z)1650 |
| | 26716 | 2762 y Fl(0)1714 2798 y Fw(recoiling)e(against)h(the)i(Q)p |
| | 26717 | 2663 2720 V(Q)f(system,)j(and)d(all)e(ordinary)0 2907 |
| | 26718 | y(kinematics)39 b(cut)i(for)f(a)g(2)h Fn(!)f Fw(2)g(pro)s(cess)i(can)f |
| | 26719 | (b)s(e)f(used)i(on)e(this)g(lev)m(el,)i(including)e Fq(CKIN\(43\))i |
| | 26720 | Fw(and)0 3015 y Fq(CKIN\(44\))g Fw(to)d(restrict)h(the)g(range)g(of)f |
| | 26721 | (the)i(Q)p 1738 2937 V(Q)e(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)38 b(mass.)66 |
| | 26722 | b(In)40 b(addition,)g(for)f(this)g(pro)s(cess)0 3123 |
| | 26723 | y(alone,)25 b Fq(CKIN\(51\))54 b(-)d(CKIN\(54\))27 b |
| | 26724 | Fw(can)e(b)s(e)g(used)g(to)g(set)g(the)g Fj(p)2249 3138 |
| | 26725 | y Fk(?)2333 3123 y Fw(range)f(of)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(quarks;)k(as)c(is) |
| | 26726 | f(to)g(b)s(e)0 3232 y(exp)s(ected,)33 b(that)e(of)g(the)g(Z)978 |
| | 26727 | 3196 y Fl(0)1048 3232 y Fw(is)g(set)h(b)m(y)h Fq(CKIN\(3\))53 |
| | 26728 | b(-)f(CKIN\(4\))p Fw(.)44 b(Since)32 b(the)f(optimization)d(pro)s |
| | 26729 | (cedure)0 3340 y(is)47 b(not)g(set)g(up)h(to)f(prob)s(e)g(the)h(full)d |
| | 26730 | (m)m(ultidimensional)d(phase)48 b(space)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)d(in)g(this)h |
| | 26731 | (pro)s(cess,)0 3448 y(maxim)m(um)26 b(violations)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)h |
| | 26732 | (quite)f(large.)41 b(It)28 b(ma)m(y)g(then)h(b)s(e)g(useful)f(to)g(mak) |
| | 26733 | m(e)g(a)g(preliminary)e(run)0 3557 y(to)36 b(\014nd)g(ho)m(w)h(big)e |
| | 26734 | (the)h(violations)e(are)i(in)f(total,)g(and)h(then)h(use)g(the)f |
| | 26735 | Fq(MSTP\(121\)=1)j Fw(option)c(in)g(the)0 3665 y(full)c(run.)0 |
| | 26736 | 3913 y Fo(8.3.5)112 b Fw(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z)38 b Fo(pair)f(pro)s(duction)0 |
| | 26737 | 4086 y Fq(MSEL)d Fw(=)e(15)0 4194 y(ISUB)h(=)50 4290 |
| | 26738 | y(22)99 b(f)277 4305 y Fh(i)p 305 4211 37 4 v 305 4290 |
| | 26739 | a Fw(f)342 4305 y Fh(i)398 4290 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(\()p Fj(\015)619 |
| | 26740 | 4254 y Fk(\003)658 4290 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)767 4254 y Fl(0)806 |
| | 26741 | 4290 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(\015)938 4254 y Fk(\003)977 4290 |
| | 26742 | y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1086 4254 y Fl(0)1125 4290 y Fw(\))50 4411 |
| | 26743 | y(23)99 b(f)277 4426 y Fh(i)p 305 4331 V 305 4411 a Fw(f)342 |
| | 26744 | 4426 y Fh(j)406 4411 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Z)593 4374 y Fl(0)632 |
| | 26745 | 4411 y Fw(W)733 4374 y Fl(+)50 4531 y Fw(25)99 b(f)277 |
| | 26746 | 4546 y Fh(i)p 305 4452 V 305 4531 a Fw(f)342 4546 y Fh(i)398 |
| | 26747 | 4531 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)626 4495 y Fl(+)685 4531 y Fw(W)786 |
| | 26748 | 4495 y Fk(\000)50 4651 y Fw(69)99 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)33 |
| | 26749 | b Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)615 4615 y Fl(+)675 4651 y Fw(W)776 |
| | 26750 | 4615 y Fk(\000)50 4772 y Fw(70)99 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(W)404 |
| | 26751 | 4736 y Fl(+)491 4772 y Fn(!)28 b Fw(Z)679 4736 y Fl(0)718 |
| | 26752 | 4772 y Fw(W)819 4736 y Fl(+)146 4887 y Fw(In)d(this)f(section)g(w)m(e)h |
| | 26753 | (mainly)d(consider)i(the)h(pro)s(duction)e(of)h(W)q Fj(=)p |
| | 26754 | Fw(Z)g(pairs)g(b)m(y)h(fermion{an)m(tifermion)0 4996 |
| | 26755 | y(annihilation,)36 b(but)i(also)f(include)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(pro)s(cesses)i |
| | 26756 | (whic)m(h)f(in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)f Fj(\015)5 b(=)p Fw(W)39 |
| | 26757 | b(b)s(eams.)60 b(Scatterings)38 b(b)s(e-)0 5104 y(t)m(w)m(een)g |
| | 26758 | (gauge-b)s(oson)d(pairs,)h(i.e.)53 b(pro)s(cesses)38 |
| | 26759 | b(lik)m(e)d(W)1995 5068 y Fl(+)2055 5104 y Fw(W)2156 |
| | 26760 | 5068 y Fk(\000)2249 5104 y Fn(!)e Fw(Z)2442 5068 y Fl(0)2481 |
| | 26761 | 5104 y Fw(Z)2541 5068 y Fl(0)2580 5104 y Fw(,)k(dep)s(end)g(so)f |
| | 26762 | (crucially)e(on)i(the)0 5212 y(assumed)d(Higgs)f(scenario)h(that)f |
| | 26763 | (they)h(are)g(considered)g(separately)g(in)f(section)h(8.4.2.)146 |
| | 26764 | 5321 y(The)f(cross)g(sections)g(used)g(for)e(the)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 26765 | (pro)s(cesses)h(are)e(those)h(deriv)m(ed)f(in)f(the)i(narro)m(w-width)0 |
| | 26766 | 5429 y(limit,)53 b(but)f(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)h(extended)g(to)e |
| | 26767 | (include)g(Breit{Wigner)f(shap)s(es)j(with)e(mass-dep)s(enden)m(t)0 |
| | 26768 | 5537 y(widths.)94 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)56 b(one)50 b(should)f(realize)f |
| | 26769 | (that)h(other)h(graphs,)k(not)49 b(included)g(here,)54 |
| | 26770 | b(can)c(con-)0 5646 y(tribute)i(in)g(regions)g(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)i(from)d |
| | 26771 | (the)i(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z)f(mass.)104 b(This)53 b(problem)e(is)h(esp)s |
| | 26772 | (ecially)f(imp)s(ortan)m(t)1817 5953 y(127)p eop |
| | 26773 | %%Page: 128 134 |
| | 26774 | 128 133 bop 0 -18 a Fw(if)48 b(sev)m(eral)i(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g |
| | 26775 | (coincide)f(in)f(the)h(four-fermion)e(\014nal)h(state.)94 |
| | 26776 | b(Consider,)54 b(as)49 b(an)g(example,)0 90 y(e)43 54 |
| | 26777 | y Fl(+)102 90 y Fw(e)145 54 y Fk(\000)242 90 y Fn(!)38 |
| | 26778 | b Fj(\026)439 54 y Fl(+)497 90 y Fj(\026)556 54 y Fk(\000)615 |
| | 26779 | 90 y Fj(\027)663 105 y Fh(\026)p 710 37 55 4 v 710 90 |
| | 26780 | a Fj(\027)764 105 y Fh(\026)811 90 y Fw(.)61 b(Not)38 |
| | 26781 | b(only)g(w)m(ould)g(suc)m(h)i(a)e(\014nal)g(state)h(receiv)m(e)g(con)m |
| | 26782 | (tributions)f(from)f(in)m(ter-)0 198 y(mediate)e(Z)432 |
| | 26783 | 162 y Fl(0)471 198 y Fw(Z)531 162 y Fl(0)605 198 y Fw(and)h(W)899 |
| | 26784 | 162 y Fl(+)959 198 y Fw(W)1060 162 y Fk(\000)1155 198 |
| | 26785 | y Fw(states,)h(but)f(also)f(from)f(pro)s(cesses)k(e)2545 |
| | 26786 | 162 y Fl(+)2604 198 y Fw(e)2647 162 y Fk(\000)2740 198 |
| | 26787 | y Fn(!)32 b Fw(Z)2932 162 y Fl(0)3004 198 y Fn(!)g Fj(\026)3195 |
| | 26788 | 162 y Fl(+)3254 198 y Fj(\026)3313 162 y Fk(\000)3372 |
| | 26789 | 198 y Fw(,)k(follo)m(w)m(ed)0 307 y(either)d(b)m(y)h |
| | 26790 | Fj(\026)472 270 y Fl(+)560 307 y Fn(!)28 b Fj(\026)747 |
| | 26791 | 270 y Fl(+)806 307 y Fw(Z)866 270 y Fl(0)934 307 y Fn(!)h |
| | 26792 | Fj(\026)1122 270 y Fl(+)1180 307 y Fj(\027)1228 322 y |
| | 26793 | Fh(\026)p 1275 254 V 1275 307 a Fj(\027)1330 322 y Fh(\026)1376 |
| | 26794 | 307 y Fw(,)34 b(or)f(b)m(y)h Fj(\026)1752 270 y Fl(+)1840 |
| | 26795 | 307 y Fn(!)p 1968 254 V 28 w Fj(\027)2023 322 y Fh(\026)2069 |
| | 26796 | 307 y Fw(W)2170 270 y Fl(+)2259 307 y Fn(!)p 2387 254 |
| | 26797 | V 28 w Fj(\027)2442 322 y Fh(\026)2488 307 y Fj(\026)2547 |
| | 26798 | 270 y Fl(+)2606 307 y Fj(\027)2654 322 y Fh(\026)2701 |
| | 26799 | 307 y Fw(.)46 b(In)33 b(addition,)f(all)f(p)s(ossible)0 |
| | 26800 | 415 y(in)m(terferences)36 b(should)e(b)s(e)g(considered.)49 |
| | 26801 | b(Since)34 b(this)g(is)f(not)h(done,)h(the)g(pro)s(cesses)h(ha)m(v)m(e) |
| | 26802 | f(to)f(b)s(e)g(used)0 523 y(with)i(some)h(sound)h(judgemen)m(t.)56 |
| | 26803 | b(V)-8 b(ery)38 b(often,)g(one)f(ma)m(y)g(wish)g(to)f(constrain)h(a)f |
| | 26804 | (lepton)h(pair)f(mass)0 632 y(to)31 b(b)s(e)g(close)h(to)f |
| | 26805 | Fj(m)685 647 y Fl(Z)732 632 y Fw(,)h(in)e(whic)m(h)i(case)g(a)f(n)m(um) |
| | 26806 | m(b)s(er)h(of)f(the)h(p)s(ossible)e(`other')i(pro)s(cesses)h(are)e |
| | 26807 | (negligible.)146 740 y(Of)44 b(the)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(pro)s(cesses,)k |
| | 26808 | (the)c(\014rst)h(con)m(tains)e(the)h(full)e(f)2400 755 |
| | 26809 | y Fh(i)p 2428 661 37 4 v 2428 740 a Fw(f)2465 755 y Fh(i)2539 |
| | 26810 | 740 y Fn(!)k Fw(\()p Fj(\015)2779 704 y Fk(\003)2819 |
| | 26811 | 740 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2928 704 y Fl(0)2966 740 y Fw(\)\()p |
| | 26812 | Fj(\015)3098 704 y Fk(\003)3138 740 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3247 |
| | 26813 | 704 y Fl(0)3286 740 y Fw(\))d(structure,)0 848 y(obtained)29 |
| | 26814 | b(b)m(y)i(a)e(straigh)m(tforw)m(ard)h(generalization)d(of)j(the)g(form) |
| | 26815 | m(ulae)e(in)h(ref.)43 b([Gun86)o(])30 b(\(done)g(b)m(y)h(the)0 |
| | 26816 | 957 y(presen)m(t)40 b(author\).)60 b(Of)38 b(course,)j(the)d(p)s |
| | 26817 | (ossibilit)m(y)e(of)i(there)h(b)s(eing)f(signi\014can)m(t)f(con)m |
| | 26818 | (tributions)h(from)0 1065 y(graphs)28 b(that)f(are)g(not)g(included)g |
| | 26819 | (is)f(increased,)j(in)e(particular)e(if)h(one)i Fj(\015)2631 |
| | 26820 | 1029 y Fk(\003)2698 1065 y Fw(is)e(v)m(ery)j(ligh)m(t)d(and)h |
| | 26821 | (therefore)0 1173 y(could)f(b)s(e)g(a)g(bremsstrahlung-t)m(yp)s(e)h |
| | 26822 | (photon.)41 b(It)27 b(is)f(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(use)i Fq(MSTP\(43\))g |
| | 26823 | Fw(to)e(reco)m(v)m(er)i(the)f(pure)0 1282 y(Z)60 1245 |
| | 26824 | y Fl(0)127 1282 y Fw(case,)i(i.e.)42 b(f)553 1297 y Fh(i)p |
| | 26825 | 581 1202 V 581 1282 a Fw(f)618 1297 y Fh(i)673 1282 y |
| | 26826 | Fn(!)28 b Fw(Z)861 1245 y Fl(0)900 1282 y Fw(Z)960 1245 |
| | 26827 | y Fl(0)1026 1282 y Fw(exclusiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)43 b(In)28 |
| | 26828 | b(pro)s(cesses)i(23)d(and)h(70,)g(only)f(the)h(pure)h(Z)3190 |
| | 26829 | 1245 y Fl(0)3257 1282 y Fw(con)m(tribution)0 1390 y(is)j(included.)146 |
| | 26830 | 1498 y(F)-8 b(ull)23 b(angular)g(correlations)g(are)i(included)f(for)g |
| | 26831 | (the)h(\014rst)g(three)g(pro)s(cesses,)k(i.e.)40 b(the)25 |
| | 26832 | b(full)e(2)k Fn(!)g Fw(2)h Fn(!)0 1607 y Fw(4)33 b(matrix)e(elemen)m |
| | 26833 | (ts)j(are)f(included)g(in)f(the)i(resonance)g(deca)m(ys,)h(including)c |
| | 26834 | (the)j(appropriate)e Fj(\015)3592 1571 y Fk(\003)3632 |
| | 26835 | 1607 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3741 1571 y Fl(0)0 1715 y Fw(in)m(terference)42 |
| | 26836 | b(in)d(pro)s(cess)j(22.)66 b(In)41 b(the)g(latter)e(t)m(w)m(o)i(pro)s |
| | 26837 | (cesses)i(no)d(spin)h(information)c(is)j(curren)m(tly)0 |
| | 26838 | 1823 y(preserv)m(ed,)35 b(i.e.)43 b(the)33 b(W)q Fj(=)p |
| | 26839 | Fw(Z)g(b)s(osons)g(are)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(deca)m(y)i(isotropically) |
| | 26840 | -8 b(.)146 1932 y(W)g(e)48 b(remind)f(y)m(ou)h(that)g(the)g(mass)g |
| | 26841 | (ranges)g(of)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(resonances)i(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(set)h |
| | 26842 | (with)e(the)0 2040 y Fq(CKIN\(41\))53 b(-)f(CKIN\(44\))41 |
| | 26843 | b Fw(parameters;)i(this)c(is)f(particularly)f(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t,)43 |
| | 26844 | b(for)c(instance,)i(to)e(pic)m(k)0 2148 y(one)33 b(resonance)h(almost)d |
| | 26845 | (on)h(the)h(mass)g(shell)e(and)i(the)g(other)g(not.)0 |
| | 26846 | 2422 y Fp(8.4)135 b(Higgs)46 b(Pro)t(duction)0 2595 y |
| | 26847 | Fw(A)33 b(fair)f(fraction)f(of)i(all)e(the)i(pro)s(cesses)i(in)d |
| | 26848 | Fm(Pythia)h Fw(deal)g(with)f(Higgs)g(pro)s(duction)h(in)f(one)h(form)f |
| | 26849 | (or)0 2703 y(another.)41 b(This)23 b(m)m(ultiplication)c(is)k(caused)i |
| | 26850 | (b)m(y)f(the)g(need)h(to)e(consider)h(pro)s(duction)f(b)m(y)h(sev)m |
| | 26851 | (eral)h(di\013er-)0 2812 y(en)m(t)i(pro)s(cesses,)j(dep)s(ending)d(on)g |
| | 26852 | (Higgs)e(mass)i(and)g(mac)m(hine)f(t)m(yp)s(e.)42 b(F)-8 |
| | 26853 | b(urther,)28 b(the)f(program)e(con)m(tains)0 2920 y(a)37 |
| | 26854 | b(full)f(t)m(w)m(o-Higgs-m)m(ultiplet)e(scenario,)k(as)g(predicted)g |
| | 26855 | (for)f(example)f(in)h(the)h(Minimal)c(Sup)s(ersym-)0 |
| | 26856 | 3028 y(metric)f(extension)i(of)f(the)h(Standard)f(Mo)s(del)g(\(MSSM\).) |
| | 26857 | h(Therefore)h(the)e(con)m(tin)m(ued)h(discussion)g(is,)0 |
| | 26858 | 3137 y(somewhat)e(arbitrarily)-8 b(,)30 b(sub)s(divided)i(in)m(to)g(a)g |
| | 26859 | (few)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(scenarios.)0 3384 y Fo(8.4.1)112 |
| | 26860 | b(Ligh)m(t)37 b(Standard)i(Mo)s(del)e(Higgs)0 3557 y |
| | 26861 | Fq(MSEL)d Fw(=)e(16,)g(17,)g(18)0 3665 y(ISUB)h(=)147 |
| | 26862 | 3762 y(3)100 b(f)326 3777 y Fh(i)p 354 3682 V 354 3762 |
| | 26863 | a Fw(f)391 3777 y Fh(i)446 3762 y Fn(!)28 b Fw(H)647 |
| | 26864 | 3725 y Fl(0)99 3882 y Fw(24)99 b(f)326 3897 y Fh(i)p |
| | 26865 | 354 3803 V 354 3882 a Fw(f)391 3897 y Fh(i)446 3882 y |
| | 26866 | Fn(!)28 b Fw(Z)634 3846 y Fl(0)673 3882 y Fw(H)746 3846 |
| | 26867 | y Fl(0)99 4002 y Fw(26)99 b(f)326 4017 y Fh(i)p 354 3923 |
| | 26868 | V 354 4002 a Fw(f)391 4017 y Fh(j)455 4002 y Fn(!)27 |
| | 26869 | b Fw(W)683 3966 y Fl(+)743 4002 y Fw(H)816 3966 y Fl(0)50 |
| | 26870 | 4123 y Fw(102)99 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(H)623 4087 y Fl(0)50 |
| | 26871 | 4243 y Fw(103)99 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)32 b Fn(!)c Fw(H)636 |
| | 26872 | 4207 y Fl(0)50 4364 y Fw(110)99 b(f)326 4379 y Fh(i)p |
| | 26873 | 354 4284 V 354 4364 a Fw(f)391 4379 y Fh(i)446 4364 y |
| | 26874 | Fn(!)28 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(H)703 4327 y Fl(0)50 4484 y |
| | 26875 | Fw(111)99 b(f)326 4499 y Fh(i)p 354 4405 V 354 4484 a |
| | 26876 | Fw(f)391 4499 y Fh(i)446 4484 y Fn(!)28 b Fw(gH)696 4448 |
| | 26877 | y Fl(0)50 4604 y Fw(112)99 b(f)326 4619 y Fh(i)354 4604 |
| | 26878 | y Fw(g)29 b Fn(!)e Fw(f)589 4619 y Fh(i)617 4604 y Fw(H)690 |
| | 26879 | 4568 y Fl(0)50 4725 y Fw(113)99 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(gH)672 |
| | 26880 | 4689 y Fl(0)50 4845 y Fw(121)99 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(Q)626 |
| | 26881 | 4860 y Fh(k)p 668 4767 76 4 v 668 4845 a Fw(Q)744 4869 |
| | 26882 | y Fh(k)787 4845 y Fw(H)860 4809 y Fl(0)50 4965 y Fw(122)99 |
| | 26883 | b(q)347 4980 y Fh(i)p 375 4913 52 4 v 375 4965 a Fw(q)427 |
| | 26884 | 4989 y Fh(i)483 4965 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Q)686 4980 y Fh(k)p |
| | 26885 | 729 4887 76 4 v 729 4965 a Fw(Q)804 4989 y Fh(k)847 4965 |
| | 26886 | y Fw(H)920 4929 y Fl(0)50 5086 y Fw(123)99 b(f)326 5101 |
| | 26887 | y Fh(i)354 5086 y Fw(f)384 5101 y Fh(j)448 5086 y Fn(!)27 |
| | 26888 | b Fw(f)605 5101 y Fh(i)633 5086 y Fw(f)663 5101 y Fh(j)699 |
| | 26889 | 5086 y Fw(H)772 5050 y Fl(0)844 5086 y Fw(\(Z)942 5050 |
| | 26890 | y Fl(0)981 5086 y Fw(Z)1041 5050 y Fl(0)1113 5086 y Fw(fusion\))50 |
| | 26891 | 5206 y(124)99 b(f)326 5221 y Fh(i)354 5206 y Fw(f)384 |
| | 26892 | 5221 y Fh(j)448 5206 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)605 5221 y Fh(k)648 |
| | 26893 | 5206 y Fw(f)678 5221 y Fh(l)703 5206 y Fw(H)776 5170 |
| | 26894 | y Fl(0)848 5206 y Fw(\(W)987 5170 y Fl(+)1047 5206 y |
| | 26895 | Fw(W)1148 5170 y Fk(\000)1240 5206 y Fw(fusion\))146 |
| | 26896 | 5316 y(In)k(this)f(section)h(w)m(e)h(discuss)g(the)f(pro)s(duction)f |
| | 26897 | (of)g(a)g(reasonably)g(ligh)m(t)f(Standard)i(Mo)s(del)f(Higgs,)0 |
| | 26898 | 5425 y(b)s(elo)m(w)44 b(700)f(GeV,)h(sa)m(y)-8 b(,)48 |
| | 26899 | b(so)c(that)g(the)g(narro)m(w)g(width)g(appro)m(ximation)e(can)i(b)s(e) |
| | 26900 | g(used)h(with)f(some)0 5533 y(con\014dence.)71 b(Belo)m(w)41 |
| | 26901 | b(400)g(GeV)g(there)g(w)m(ould)h(certainly)e(b)s(e)h(no)g(trouble,)i |
| | 26902 | (while)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(that)f(the)0 5641 y(narro)m(w)33 |
| | 26903 | b(width)f(appro)m(ximation)f(is)h(gradually)f(starting)g(to)h(break)i |
| | 26904 | (do)m(wn.)1817 5953 y(128)p eop |
| | 26905 | %%Page: 129 135 |
| | 26906 | 129 134 bop 146 -18 a Fw(In)28 b(a)g(hadron)f(collider,)g(the)h(main)e |
| | 26907 | (pro)s(duction)h(pro)s(cesses)j(are)e(102,)g(123)f(and)g(124,)h(i.e.)42 |
| | 26908 | b(gg)q(,)28 b(Z)3641 -55 y Fl(0)3680 -18 y Fw(Z)3740 |
| | 26909 | -55 y Fl(0)0 90 y Fw(and)35 b(W)293 54 y Fl(+)353 90 |
| | 26910 | y Fw(W)454 54 y Fk(\000)549 90 y Fw(fusion.)51 b(In)35 |
| | 26911 | b(the)h(latter)e(t)m(w)m(o)i(pro)s(cesses,)i(it)c(is)h(also)f |
| | 26912 | (necessary)j(to)e(tak)m(e)h(in)m(to)f(accoun)m(t)0 198 |
| | 26913 | y(the)43 b(emission)e(of)h(the)h(space-lik)m(e)g(W)q |
| | 26914 | Fj(=)p Fw(Z)f(b)s(osons)h(o\013)f(quarks,)47 b(whic)m(h)c(in)e(total)g |
| | 26915 | (giv)m(es)i(the)g(2)i Fn(!)f Fw(3)0 307 y(pro)s(cesses)35 |
| | 26916 | b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)146 415 y(F)-8 b(urther)35 b(pro)s(cesses)i(of)d(lo)m |
| | 26917 | (w)m(er)h(cross)h(sections)g(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)h(of)g(in)m(terest)g(b)s |
| | 26918 | (ecause)h(of)f(easier)g(signals.)0 523 y(F)-8 b(or)30 |
| | 26919 | b(instance,)i(pro)s(cesses)g(24)f(and)g(26)f(giv)m(e)h(asso)s(ciated)f |
| | 26920 | (pro)s(duction)g(of)h(a)f(Z)h(or)f(a)h(W)h(together)f(with)0 |
| | 26921 | 632 y(the)40 b(H)248 595 y Fl(0)287 632 y Fw(.)64 b(There)41 |
| | 26922 | b(is)e(also)g(the)g(pro)s(cesses)j(3,)f(121)e(and)g(122,)i(whic)m(h)f |
| | 26923 | (in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)f(pro)s(duction)g(of)g(hea)m(vy)0 740 |
| | 26924 | y(\015a)m(v)m(ours.)146 848 y(Pro)s(cess)30 b(3)e(con)m(tains)g(con)m |
| | 26925 | (tributions)g(from)f(all)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)31 b(but)d(is)g |
| | 26926 | (completely)f(dominated)g(b)m(y)i(the)0 957 y(subpro)s(cess)34 |
| | 26927 | b(t)p 524 885 38 4 v(t)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(H)790 920 y Fl(0)829 |
| | 26928 | 957 y Fw(,)k(i.e.)43 b(b)m(y)32 b(the)g(con)m(tribution)f(from)f(the)i |
| | 26929 | (top)g(sea)g(distributions.)41 b(This)32 b(pro)s(cess)0 |
| | 26930 | 1065 y(is)c(b)m(y)i(no)m(w)f(kno)m(wn)i(to)d(o)m(v)m(erestimate)h(the)g |
| | 26931 | (cross)h(section)f(for)f(Higgs)g(pro)s(duction)g(as)h(compared)g(with)0 |
| | 26932 | 1173 y(a)45 b(more)g(careful)g(calculation)e(based)j(on)f(the)h(subpro) |
| | 26933 | s(cess)i(gg)i Fn(!)f Fw(t)p 2635 1102 V(tH)2746 1137 |
| | 26934 | y Fl(0)2831 1173 y Fw(\(121\).)81 b(The)47 b(di\013erence)0 |
| | 26935 | 1282 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)42 b(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)g(is)f(that)g(in)g(pro)s |
| | 26936 | (cess)i(3)e(the)h(t)g(and)p 2078 1210 V 39 w(t)g(are)f(added)h(b)m(y)h |
| | 26937 | (the)f(initial-state)c(sho)m(w)m(er,)0 1390 y(while)29 |
| | 26938 | b(in)h(121)f(the)i(full)e(matrix)f(elemen)m(t)i(is)g(used.)44 |
| | 26939 | b(The)31 b(price)g(to)f(b)s(e)g(paid)g(is)f(that)h(the)h(complicated)0 |
| | 26940 | 1498 y(m)m(ultib)s(o)s(dy)43 b(phase)j(space)g(in)f(pro)s(cess)h(121)f |
| | 26941 | (mak)m(es)g(the)h(program)e(run)h(slo)m(w)m(er)h(than)f(with)g(most)0 |
| | 26942 | 1607 y(other)35 b(pro)s(cesses.)52 b(One)35 b(should)g(therefore)g |
| | 26943 | (think)f(t)m(wice)i(b)s(efore)e(using)h(it.)49 b(As)35 |
| | 26944 | b(usual,)g(it)f(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)0 1715 y(double-coun)m(ting)27 |
| | 26945 | b(to)i(include)e(b)s(oth)i(3)f(and)g(121.)42 b(Pro)s(cess)29 |
| | 26946 | b(122)f(is)g(similar)d(in)j(structure)i(to)e(121,)g(but)0 |
| | 26947 | 1823 y(is)k(less)i(imp)s(ortan)m(t.)42 b(In)33 b(b)s(oth)g(pro)s(cess)h |
| | 26948 | (121)e(and)h(122)f(the)i(pro)s(duced)g(quark)f(is)g(assumed)g(to)g(b)s |
| | 26949 | (e)g(a)f(t;)0 1932 y(this)g(can)h(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)g(in)f |
| | 26950 | Fq(KFPR\(121,2\))k Fw(and)c Fq(KFPR\(122,2\))k Fw(b)s(efore)d |
| | 26951 | (initialization,)27 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)146 2040 y(A)41 |
| | 26952 | b(subpro)s(cess)j(lik)m(e)c(113,)i(with)f(a)g(Higgs)f(recoiling)f |
| | 26953 | (against)h(a)h(gluon)f(jet,)j(is)e(also)f(e\013ectiv)m(ely)0 |
| | 26954 | 2148 y(generated)f(b)m(y)g(initial-state)c(corrections)j(to)g(subpro)s |
| | 26955 | (cess)i(102;)h(th)m(us,)f(in)e(order)g(to)g(a)m(v)m(oid)g(double-)0 |
| | 26956 | 2257 y(coun)m(ting,)49 b(just)e(as)f(for)f(the)i(case)g(of)e(Z)1530 |
| | 26957 | 2221 y Fl(0)1569 2257 y Fj(=)p Fw(W)1719 2221 y Fl(+)1824 |
| | 26958 | 2257 y Fw(pro)s(duction,)k(section)d(8.3.4,)j(these)f(subpro)s(cesses)0 |
| | 26959 | 2365 y(should)34 b(not)g(b)s(e)g(switc)m(hed)i(on)e(sim)m(ultaneously) |
| | 26960 | -8 b(.)46 b(Pro)s(cess)36 b(102)d(should)h(b)s(e)h(used)g(for)e |
| | 26961 | (inclusiv)m(e)h(pro-)0 2473 y(duction)d(of)g(Higgs,)g(and)g(111{113)f |
| | 26962 | (for)g(the)i(study)h(of)d(the)i(Higgs)f(subsample)g(with)g(high)f |
| | 26963 | (transv)m(erse)0 2582 y(momen)m(tum.)146 2690 y(In)j(e)311 |
| | 26964 | 2654 y Fl(+)370 2690 y Fw(e)413 2654 y Fk(\000)505 2690 |
| | 26965 | y Fw(annihilation,)28 b(asso)s(ciated)k(pro)s(duction)g(of)g(an)g(H) |
| | 26966 | 2352 2654 y Fl(0)2423 2690 y Fw(with)g(a)g(Z)2786 2654 |
| | 26967 | y Fl(0)2825 2690 y Fw(,)g(pro)s(cess)i(24,)e(is)f(usually)0 |
| | 26968 | 2798 y(the)e(dominan)m(t)f(one)h(close)g(to)f(threshold,)i(while)e(the) |
| | 26969 | h(Z)2045 2762 y Fl(0)2084 2798 y Fw(Z)2144 2762 y Fl(0)2212 |
| | 26970 | 2798 y Fw(and)g(W)2499 2762 y Fl(+)2559 2798 y Fw(W)2660 |
| | 26971 | 2762 y Fk(\000)2748 2798 y Fw(fusion)f(pro)s(cesses)j(123)d(and)0 |
| | 26972 | 2907 y(124)f(win)g(out)g(at)h(high)e(energies.)43 b(Pro)s(cess)29 |
| | 26973 | b(103,)f Fj(\015)5 b(\015)32 b Fw(fusion,)c(ma)m(y)g(also)e(b)s(e)i(of) |
| | 26974 | f(in)m(terest,)i(in)e(particular)0 3015 y(when)k(the)e(p)s |
| | 26975 | (ossibilities)e(of)i(b)s(eamstrahlung)f(photons)i(and)g(bac)m |
| | 26976 | (kscattered)h(photons)f(are)g(included.)0 3123 y(Pro)s(cess)k(110,)d |
| | 26977 | (whic)m(h)i(giv)m(es)g(an)f(H)1283 3087 y Fl(0)1355 3123 |
| | 26978 | y Fw(in)f(asso)s(ciation)g(with)h(a)g Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)33 |
| | 26979 | b(is)e(a)h(lo)s(op)f(pro)s(cess)j(and)e(is)g(therefore)0 |
| | 26980 | 3232 y(suppressed)38 b(in)d(rate.)51 b(Only)35 b(for)g(a)g(rather)g |
| | 26981 | (massiv)m(e)h(H)2065 3196 y Fl(0)2140 3232 y Fw(\(mass)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
| | 26982 | (e)h(60)f(GeV)g(at)g(LEP)h(1\))f(can)g(it)0 3340 y(start)c(to)g(comp)s |
| | 26983 | (ete)g(with)f(the)i(asso)s(ciated)f(pro)s(duction)f(of)h(a)g(Z)2330 |
| | 26984 | 3304 y Fl(0)2369 3340 y Fw(,)g(since)g(phase)h(space)h(suppression)f |
| | 26985 | (is)0 3448 y(less)h(sev)m(ere)i(for)d(the)h(former)e(than)i(for)f(the)h |
| | 26986 | (latter.)146 3557 y(The)j(branc)m(hing)e(ratios)f(of)h(the)g(Higgs)g |
| | 26987 | (are)g(v)m(ery)i(strongly)e(dep)s(enden)m(t)i(on)e(the)h(mass.)48 |
| | 26988 | b(In)35 b(prin-)0 3665 y(ciple,)c(the)h(program)e(is)i(set)g(up)g(to)f |
| | 26989 | (calculate)g(these)i(correctly)-8 b(,)32 b(as)g(a)f(function)g(of)g |
| | 26990 | (the)i(actual)d(Higgs)0 3774 y(mass,)k(i.e.)45 b(not)33 |
| | 26991 | b(just)h(at)f(the)h(nominal)d(mass.)46 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)36 |
| | 26992 | b(higher-order)d(corrections)g(ma)m(y)g(at)g(times)0 |
| | 26993 | 3882 y(b)s(e)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)d(and)j(not)g(fully)e(unam)m(biguous;)h |
| | 26994 | (see)i(for)e(instance)g Fq(MSTP\(37\))p Fw(.)146 3990 |
| | 26995 | y(Since)i(the)g(Higgs)e(is)h(a)g(spin-0)g(particle)f(it)g(deca)m(ys)k |
| | 26996 | (isotropically)-8 b(.)42 b(In)34 b(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(cesses)g(suc)m(h)g |
| | 26997 | (as)0 4099 y(H)73 4062 y Fl(0)145 4099 y Fn(!)c Fw(W)377 |
| | 26998 | 4062 y Fl(+)437 4099 y Fw(W)538 4062 y Fk(\000)630 4099 |
| | 26999 | y Fn(!)h Fw(4)i(fermions)h(angular)e(correlations)h(are)h(included.)51 |
| | 27000 | b(Also)35 b(in)f(pro)s(cesses)k(24)c(and)0 4207 y(26,)e(Z)217 |
| | 27001 | 4171 y Fl(0)289 4207 y Fw(and)g(W)579 4171 y Fk(\006)672 |
| | 27002 | 4207 y Fw(deca)m(y)i(angular)d(distributions)g(are)h(correctly)h(tak)m |
| | 27003 | (en)h(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t.)0 4455 y Fo(8.4.2)112 b(Hea)m(vy)38 |
| | 27004 | b(Standard)h(Mo)s(del)e(Higgs)0 4627 y Fw(ISUB)c(=)99 |
| | 27005 | 4724 y(5)99 b(Z)307 4687 y Fl(0)346 4724 y Fw(Z)406 4687 |
| | 27006 | y Fl(0)473 4724 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(H)673 4687 y Fl(0)99 4844 |
| | 27007 | y Fw(8)99 b(W)348 4808 y Fl(+)408 4844 y Fw(W)509 4808 |
| | 27008 | y Fk(\000)596 4844 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(H)796 4808 y Fl(0)50 |
| | 27009 | 4964 y Fw(71)99 b(Z)307 4928 y Fl(0)346 4964 y Fw(Z)406 |
| | 27010 | 4928 y Fl(0)473 4964 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Z)660 4928 y Fl(0)699 |
| | 27011 | 4964 y Fw(Z)759 4928 y Fl(0)831 4964 y Fw(\(longitudinal\))50 |
| | 27012 | 5085 y(72)99 b(Z)307 5048 y Fl(0)346 5085 y Fw(Z)406 |
| | 27013 | 5048 y Fl(0)473 5085 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)701 5048 y Fl(+)761 |
| | 27014 | 5085 y Fw(W)862 5048 y Fk(\000)954 5085 y Fw(\(longitudinal\))50 |
| | 27015 | 5205 y(73)99 b(Z)307 5169 y Fl(0)346 5205 y Fw(W)447 |
| | 27016 | 5169 y Fl(+)534 5205 y Fn(!)28 b Fw(Z)722 5169 y Fl(0)761 |
| | 27017 | 5205 y Fw(W)862 5169 y Fl(+)954 5205 y Fw(\(longitudinal\))50 |
| | 27018 | 5325 y(76)99 b(W)348 5289 y Fl(+)408 5325 y Fw(W)509 |
| | 27019 | 5289 y Fk(\000)596 5325 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Z)783 5289 y Fl(0)822 |
| | 27020 | 5325 y Fw(Z)882 5289 y Fl(0)954 5325 y Fw(\(longitudinal\))50 |
| | 27021 | 5446 y(77)99 b(W)348 5410 y Fl(+)408 5446 y Fw(W)509 |
| | 27022 | 5410 y Fk(\006)596 5446 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)824 5410 y Fl(+)884 |
| | 27023 | 5446 y Fw(W)985 5410 y Fk(\006)1077 5446 y Fw(\(longitudinal\))146 |
| | 27024 | 5556 y(Pro)s(cesses)38 b(5)d(and)g(8)g(are)g(the)h(simple)d(2)f |
| | 27025 | Fn(!)g Fw(1)j(v)m(ersions)h(of)f(what)g(is)g(no)m(w)h(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 27026 | b(ailable)32 b(in)j(123)f(and)0 5664 y(124)c(with)h(the)h(full)d(2)f |
| | 27027 | Fn(!)f Fw(3)k(kinematics.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(lo)m(w)h(Higgs)g(masses)h |
| | 27028 | (pro)s(cesses)h(5)e(and)g(8)g(o)m(v)m(erestimate)1817 |
| | 27029 | 5953 y(129)p eop |
| | 27030 | %%Page: 130 136 |
| | 27031 | 130 135 bop 0 -18 a Fw(the)36 b(correct)g(cross)h(sections)f(and)f |
| | 27032 | (should)h(not)f(b)s(e)h(used,)h(whereas)g(go)s(o)s(d)e(agreemen)m(t)g |
| | 27033 | (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)0 90 y(2)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(1)k(and)h(2)27 |
| | 27034 | b Fn(!)g Fw(3)33 b(descriptions)f(is)g(observ)m(ed)j(when)f(hea)m(vy)g |
| | 27035 | (Higgs)e(pro)s(duction)g(is)g(studied.)146 198 y(The)i(subpro)s(cesses) |
| | 27036 | h(5)e(and)g(8,)f Fj(V)22 b(V)49 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(H)1680 |
| | 27037 | 162 y Fl(0)1720 198 y Fw(,)32 b(whic)m(h)i(con)m(tribute)e(to)h(the)g |
| | 27038 | (pro)s(cesses)h Fj(V)22 b(V)49 b Fn(!)28 b Fj(V)3627 |
| | 27039 | 162 y Fk(0)3651 198 y Fj(V)3729 162 y Fk(0)3752 198 y |
| | 27040 | Fw(,)0 307 y(sho)m(w)43 b(a)f(bad)f(high-energy)h(b)s(eha)m(viour.)71 |
| | 27041 | b(Here)43 b Fj(V)63 b Fw(denotes)43 b(a)f(longitudinal)c(in)m |
| | 27042 | (termediate)j(gauge)0 415 y(b)s(oson,)35 b(Z)369 379 |
| | 27043 | y Fl(0)443 415 y Fw(or)f(W)665 379 y Fk(\006)724 415 |
| | 27044 | y Fw(.)50 b(This)34 b(can)h(b)s(e)g(cured)g(only)f(b)m(y)i(the)f |
| | 27045 | (inclusion)e(of)h(all)e Fj(V)22 b(V)52 b Fn(!)31 b Fj(V)3188 |
| | 27046 | 379 y Fk(0)3212 415 y Fj(V)3290 379 y Fk(0)3348 415 y |
| | 27047 | Fw(graphs,)k(as)0 523 y(is)j(done)i(in)e(subpro)s(cesses)k(71,)e(72,)g |
| | 27048 | (73,)g(76)e(and)h(77.)62 b(In)39 b(particular,)g(subpro)s(cesses)i(5)e |
| | 27049 | (and)g(8)g(giv)m(e)0 632 y(rise)e(to)g(a)h(\014ctitious)e(high-mass)g |
| | 27050 | (tail)g(of)h(the)g(Higgs.)58 b(If)37 b(this)g(tail)f(is)h(thro)m(wn)h |
| | 27051 | (a)m(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)40 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)h(the)0 |
| | 27052 | 740 y(agreemen)m(t)36 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)f Fj(s)p |
| | 27053 | Fw(-c)m(hannel)f(graphs)g(only)f(\(subpro)s(cesses)k(5)d(and)g(8\))g |
| | 27054 | (and)g(the)g(full)e(set)j(of)0 848 y(graphs)29 b(\(subpro)s(cesses)j |
| | 27055 | (71)d(etc.\))43 b(is)28 b(v)m(ery)j(go)s(o)s(d:)40 b(for)29 |
| | 27056 | b(a)g(Higgs)f(of)h(nominal)d(mass)j(300)f(\(800\))h(GeV,)g(a)0 |
| | 27057 | 957 y(cut)34 b(at)f(600)g(\(1200\))f(GeV)i(retains)f(95\045)g |
| | 27058 | (\(84\045\))g(of)g(the)h(total)e(cross)j(section,)f(and)f(di\013ers)h |
| | 27059 | (from)e(the)0 1065 y(exact)h(calculation,)d(cut)i(at)g(the)g(same)g(v) |
| | 27060 | -5 b(alues,)32 b(b)m(y)h(only)e(2\045)h(\(11\045\))g(\(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 27061 | (ers)h(for)e(SSC)i(energies\).)0 1173 y(With)g(this)g(prescription)f |
| | 27062 | (there)i(is)f(therefore)h(no)f(need)i(to)e(use)h(subpro)s(cesses)i(71)d |
| | 27063 | (etc.)46 b(rather)33 b(than)0 1282 y(subpro)s(cesses)i(5)e(and)f(8.)146 |
| | 27064 | 1390 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(subpro)s(cess)j(77,)e(there)h(is)e(an)h(option,)f |
| | 27065 | (see)i Fq(MSTP\(45\))p Fw(,)h(to)d(select)i(the)f(c)m(harge)h(com)m |
| | 27066 | (bination)0 1498 y(of)f(the)h(scattering)f(W)q('s:)45 |
| | 27067 | b(lik)m(e-sign,)31 b(opp)s(osite-sign)g(\(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)33 |
| | 27068 | b(for)f(Higgs\),)f(or)i(b)s(oth.)146 1607 y(Pro)s(cess)40 |
| | 27069 | b(77)d(con)m(tains)h(a)f(div)m(ergence)i(for)f Fj(p)1799 |
| | 27070 | 1622 y Fk(?)1894 1607 y Fn(!)e Fw(0)i(due)g(to)g Fj(\015)5 |
| | 27071 | b Fw(-exc)m(hange)39 b(con)m(tributions.)58 b(This)0 |
| | 27072 | 1715 y(leads)28 b(to)g(an)g(in\014nite)f(total)g(cross)i(section,)h |
| | 27073 | (whic)m(h)e(is)g(en)m(tirely)g(\014ctitious,)g(since)h(the)g(simple)d |
| | 27074 | (parton-)0 1823 y(distribution)i(function)h(approac)m(h)h(to)f(the)h |
| | 27075 | (longitudinal)c(W)31 b(\015ux)g(is)e(not)g(appropriate)g(in)g(this)g |
| | 27076 | (limit.)0 1932 y(F)-8 b(or)32 b(this)g(pro)s(cess,)i(it)d(is)i |
| | 27077 | (therefore)g(necessary)i(to)d(mak)m(e)h(use)g(of)f(a)g(cut,)i(e.g.)43 |
| | 27078 | b Fj(p)2937 1947 y Fk(?)3024 1932 y Fj(>)27 b(m)3212 |
| | 27079 | 1947 y Fl(W)3290 1932 y Fw(.)146 2040 y(F)-8 b(or)30 |
| | 27080 | b(subpro)s(cesses)k(71,)d(72,)f(76)g(and)h(77,)g(an)f(option)g(is)g |
| | 27081 | (included)h(\(see)g Fq(MSTP\(46\))p Fw(\))i(whereb)m(y)g(the)0 |
| | 27082 | 2148 y(user)g(can)f(select)h(only)f(the)g Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)g |
| | 27083 | (Higgs)f(graph;)i(this)e(will)f(then)j(b)s(e)f(essen)m(tially)g(equiv) |
| | 27084 | -5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)0 2257 y(running)j(subpro)s(cess)j(5)e(or)f(8)h |
| | 27085 | (with)f(the)h(prop)s(er)g(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannels)g(\(i.e.)53 |
| | 27086 | b(Z)2806 2221 y Fl(0)2845 2257 y Fw(Z)2905 2221 y Fl(0)2979 |
| | 27087 | 2257 y Fw(or)36 b(W)3203 2221 y Fl(+)3262 2257 y Fw(W)3363 |
| | 27088 | 2221 y Fk(\000)3423 2257 y Fw(\))g(set)g(via)0 2365 y |
| | 27089 | Fq(MDME)p Fw(.)i(The)f(di\013erence)g(is)f(that)g(the)h(Breit{Wigners)f |
| | 27090 | (in)g(subpro)s(cesses)j(5)d(and)h(8)f(con)m(tain)g(a)g(mass-)0 |
| | 27091 | 2473 y(dep)s(enden)m(t)i(width,)f(whereas)h(the)f(width)f(in)f(subpro)s |
| | 27092 | (cesses)k(71{77)c(is)h(calculated)g(at)f(the)i(nominal)0 |
| | 27093 | 2582 y(Higgs)h(mass;)k(also,)e(higher-order)e(corrections)h(to)f(the)i |
| | 27094 | (widths)f(are)g(treated)g(more)f(accurately)h(in)0 2690 |
| | 27095 | y(subpro)s(cesses)g(5)c(and)h(8.)54 b(F)-8 b(urther,)37 |
| | 27096 | b(pro)s(cesses)h(71{77)c(assume)j(the)f(incoming)e(W)q |
| | 27097 | Fj(=)p Fw(Z)i(to)f(b)s(e)h(on)g(the)0 2798 y(mass)25 |
| | 27098 | b(shell,)h(with)f(asso)s(ciated)g(kinematics)f(factors,)j(while)d(pro)s |
| | 27099 | (cesses)j(5)e(and)g(8)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z)f(correctly)0 |
| | 27100 | 2907 y(space-lik)m(e.)43 b(All)31 b(this)i(leads)f(to)g(di\013erences)i |
| | 27101 | (in)e(the)h(cross)g(sections)g(b)m(y)h(up)f(to)f(a)g(factor)g(of)h |
| | 27102 | (1.5.)146 3015 y(In)i(the)g(absence)h(of)d(a)h(Higgs,)g(the)h(sector)g |
| | 27103 | (of)f(longitudinal)c(Z)k(and)h(W)g(scattering)g(will)c(b)s(ecome)0 |
| | 27104 | 3123 y(strongly)k(in)m(teracting)g(at)g(energies)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(1)g |
| | 27105 | (T)-8 b(eV.)36 b(The)h(mo)s(dels)d(prop)s(osed)i(b)m(y)h(Dobado,)e |
| | 27106 | (Herrero)0 3232 y(and)43 b(T)-8 b(erron)44 b([Dob91)o(])f(to)g(describ) |
| | 27107 | s(e)g(this)g(kind)g(of)g(ph)m(ysics)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)e(included)g |
| | 27108 | (as)g(alternativ)m(e)0 3340 y(matrix)38 b(elemen)m(ts)j(for)e(subpro)s |
| | 27109 | (cesses)k(71,)e(72,)g(73,)h(76)d(and)h(77,)h(selectable)f(b)m(y)i |
| | 27110 | Fq(MSTP\(46\))p Fw(.)68 b(F)-8 b(rom)0 3448 y(the)29 |
| | 27111 | b(p)s(oin)m(t)e(of)h(view)g(of)g(the)h(general)f(classi\014cation)e(sc) |
| | 27112 | m(heme)k(for)e(subpro)s(cesses,)k(this)c(kind)g(of)g(mo)s(dels)0 |
| | 27113 | 3557 y(should)35 b(appropriately)e(b)s(e)i(included)g(as)g(separate)g |
| | 27114 | (subpro)s(cesses)j(with)c(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(100,)g |
| | 27115 | (but)0 3665 y(the)g(curren)m(t)g(solution)e(allo)m(ws)g(a)h(more)f |
| | 27116 | (e\016cien)m(t)j(reuse)f(of)f(existing)f(co)s(de.)49 |
| | 27117 | b(By)35 b(a)f(prop)s(er)g(c)m(hoice)h(of)0 3774 y(parameters,)e(it)e |
| | 27118 | (is)h(also)g(here)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)g(sim)m(ulate)f(the)i(pro)s |
| | 27119 | (duction)f(of)g(a)h(tec)m(hni-)p Fj(\032)p Fw(.)146 3882 |
| | 27120 | y(Curren)m(tly)-8 b(,)25 b(the)e(scattering)f(of)g(transv)m(erse)i |
| | 27121 | (gauge)e(b)s(osons)h(has)f(not)h(b)s(een)f(included,)i(neither)f(that)0 |
| | 27122 | 3990 y(of)32 b(mixed)g(transv)m(erse{longitudinal)f(scatterings.)44 |
| | 27123 | b(These)35 b(are)d(exp)s(ected)j(to)d(b)s(e)h(less)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)e |
| | 27124 | (at)0 4099 y(high)23 b(energies,)j(and)e(do)g(not)g(con)m(tain)f(an)h |
| | 27125 | (H)1605 4062 y Fl(0)1668 4099 y Fw(resonance)h(p)s(eak,)h(but)e(need)h |
| | 27126 | (not)f(b)s(e)g(en)m(tirely)f(negligible)0 4207 y(in)33 |
| | 27127 | b(magnitude.)47 b(As)35 b(a)f(rule)f(of)h(th)m(um)m(b,)h(pro)s(cesses)h |
| | 27128 | (71{77)d(should)h(not)g(b)s(e)g(used)h(for)f Fj(V)21 |
| | 27129 | b(V)56 b Fw(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)0 4315 y(masses)33 |
| | 27130 | b(b)s(elo)m(w)g(500)f(GeV.)146 4424 y(The)27 b(deca)m(y)f(pro)s(ducts)g |
| | 27131 | (of)f(the)h(longitudinal)c(gauge)j(b)s(osons)h(are)f(correctly)h |
| | 27132 | (distributed)f(in)f(angle.)0 4671 y Fo(8.4.3)112 b(Extended)38 |
| | 27133 | b(neutral)f(Higgs)g(sector)0 4844 y Fq(MSEL)d Fw(=)e(19)0 |
| | 27134 | 4952 y(ISUB)h(=)1817 5953 y(130)p eop |
| | 27135 | %%Page: 131 137 |
| | 27136 | 131 136 bop 84 -30 a Fw(H)157 -66 y Fl(0)310 -30 y Fw(H)383 |
| | 27137 | -66 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)575 -30 y Fw(A)648 -66 y Fl(0)147 90 |
| | 27138 | y Fw(3)100 b(151)f(156)g(f)818 105 y Fh(i)p 846 11 37 |
| | 27139 | 4 v 846 90 a Fw(f)882 105 y Fh(i)938 90 y Fn(!)28 b Fj(X)50 |
| | 27140 | 211 y Fw(102)99 b(152)g(157)g(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fj(X)50 |
| | 27141 | 331 y Fw(103)99 b(153)g(158)g Fj(\015)5 b(\015)32 b Fn(!)c |
| | 27142 | Fj(X)99 451 y Fw(24)99 b(171)g(176)g(f)818 466 y Fh(i)p |
| | 27143 | 846 372 V 846 451 a Fw(f)882 466 y Fh(i)938 451 y Fn(!)28 |
| | 27144 | b Fw(Z)1126 415 y Fl(0)1165 451 y Fj(X)99 572 y Fw(26)99 |
| | 27145 | b(172)g(177)g(f)818 587 y Fh(i)p 846 493 V 846 572 a |
| | 27146 | Fw(f)882 587 y Fh(j)947 572 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)1175 536 |
| | 27147 | y Fl(+)1235 572 y Fj(X)50 692 y Fw(123)99 b(173)g(178)g(f)818 |
| | 27148 | 707 y Fh(i)846 692 y Fw(f)876 707 y Fh(j)940 692 y Fn(!)27 |
| | 27149 | b Fw(f)1097 707 y Fh(i)1125 692 y Fw(f)1155 707 y Fh(j)1191 |
| | 27150 | 692 y Fj(X)41 b Fw(\(ZZ)31 b(fusion\))50 812 y(124)99 |
| | 27151 | b(174)g(179)g(f)818 827 y Fh(i)846 812 y Fw(f)876 827 |
| | 27152 | y Fh(j)940 812 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)1097 827 y Fh(k)1139 |
| | 27153 | 812 y Fw(f)1169 827 y Fh(l)1195 812 y Fj(X)41 b Fw(\(W)1456 |
| | 27154 | 776 y Fl(+)1515 812 y Fw(W)1616 776 y Fk(\000)1708 812 |
| | 27155 | y Fw(fusion\))50 933 y(121)99 b(181)g(186)g(gg)28 b Fn(!)g |
| | 27156 | Fw(Q)1118 948 y Fh(k)p 1160 855 76 4 v 1160 933 a Fw(Q)1236 |
| | 27157 | 956 y Fh(k)1279 933 y Fj(X)50 1053 y Fw(122)99 b(182)g(187)g(q)839 |
| | 27158 | 1068 y Fh(i)p 867 1000 52 4 v 867 1053 a Fw(q)919 1077 |
| | 27159 | y Fh(i)975 1053 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Q)1178 1068 y Fh(k)p 1221 |
| | 27160 | 975 76 4 v 1221 1053 a Fw(Q)1296 1077 y Fh(k)1339 1053 |
| | 27161 | y Fj(X)0 1162 y Fw(ISUB)33 b(=)50 1273 y(\(141\))99 b(f)402 |
| | 27162 | 1288 y Fh(i)p 430 1194 37 4 v 430 1273 a Fw(f)466 1288 |
| | 27163 | y Fh(i)522 1273 y Fn(!)28 b Fj(\015)5 b(=)p Fw(Z)815 |
| | 27164 | 1237 y Fl(0)853 1273 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)962 1237 y Fk(0)p |
| | 27165 | Fl(0)146 1379 y Fw(In)49 b Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)j(the)c(particle)f(con)m |
| | 27166 | (ten)m(t)i(of)e(a)h(t)m(w)m(o-Higgs-doublet)f(scenario)g(is)h |
| | 27167 | (included:)74 b(t)m(w)m(o)0 1487 y(neutral)28 b(scalar)g(particles,)g |
| | 27168 | (25)g(and)h(35,)g(one)g(pseudoscalar)g(one,)g(36,)g(and)g(a)f(c)m |
| | 27169 | (harged)h(doublet,)g Fn(\006)p Fw(37.)0 1595 y(\(Of)45 |
| | 27170 | b(course,)50 b(these)c(particles)f(ma)m(y)g(also)f(b)s(e)i(asso)s |
| | 27171 | (ciated)f(with)g(corresp)s(onding)g(Higgs)g(states)h(in)0 |
| | 27172 | 1704 y(larger)35 b(m)m(ultiplets.\))52 b(By)37 b(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion,)i |
| | 27173 | (w)m(e)e(c)m(ho)s(ose)g(to)f(call)e(the)j(ligh)m(ter)e(scalar)h(Higgs)f |
| | 27174 | (H)3375 1668 y Fl(0)3451 1704 y Fw(and)h(the)0 1812 y(hea)m(vier)h(H) |
| | 27175 | 413 1776 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)508 1812 y Fw(|)e(this)h(di\013ers)h(from)e(the) |
| | 27176 | h(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion)i(in)d(the)i(MSSM,)h(where)f(the)g(ligh)m(ter)e |
| | 27177 | (is)h(called)0 1920 y(h)54 1884 y Fl(0)126 1920 y Fw(and)d(the)h(hea)m |
| | 27178 | (vier)f(H)894 1884 y Fl(0)934 1920 y Fw(,)g(but)g(allo)m(ws)f(us)h(to)g |
| | 27179 | (call)e(the)i(Higgs)f(of)h(the)g(one-Higgs)f(scenario)h(H)3501 |
| | 27180 | 1884 y Fl(0)3540 1920 y Fw(.)45 b(The)0 2029 y(pseudoscalar)39 |
| | 27181 | b(is)f(called)g(A)1036 1993 y Fl(0)1114 2029 y Fw(and)h(the)g(c)m |
| | 27182 | (harged)g(H)1923 1993 y Fk(\006)1983 2029 y Fw(.)61 b(Charged-Higgs)38 |
| | 27183 | b(pro)s(duction)g(is)h(co)m(v)m(ered)h(in)0 2137 y(section)33 |
| | 27184 | b(8.4.4.)146 2246 y(A)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(H)797 |
| | 27185 | 2209 y Fl(0)871 2246 y Fw(pro)s(cesses)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)f |
| | 27186 | (duplicated)f(for)g(H)2456 2209 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2549 2246 |
| | 27187 | y Fw(and)g(A)2813 2209 y Fl(0)2853 2246 y Fw(.)49 b(The)35 |
| | 27188 | b(corresp)s(ondence)0 2354 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(ISUB)e(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 27189 | (ers)h(is)f(sho)m(wn)h(in)e(the)h(table)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e:)53 |
| | 27190 | b(the)38 b(\014rst)f(column)f(of)g(ISUB)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)0 |
| | 27191 | 2462 y(corresp)s(onds)50 b(to)e Fj(X)62 b Fw(=)55 b(H)1033 |
| | 27192 | 2426 y Fl(0)1073 2462 y Fw(,)d(the)d(second)h(to)e Fj(X)62 |
| | 27193 | b Fw(=)55 b(H)2149 2426 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2208 2462 y Fw(,)d(and)d(the)g |
| | 27194 | (third)e(to)i Fj(X)62 b Fw(=)55 b(A)3419 2426 y Fl(0)3458 |
| | 27195 | 2462 y Fw(.)91 b(Note)0 2571 y(that)37 b(sev)m(eral)g(of)f(these)i(pro) |
| | 27196 | s(cesses)h(are)e(not)g(exp)s(ected)h(to)f(tak)m(e)g(place)g(at)f(all,)g |
| | 27197 | (o)m(wing)g(to)h(v)-5 b(anishing)0 2679 y(Born)37 b(term)g(couplings.) |
| | 27198 | 56 b(W)-8 b(e)38 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(still)d(included)i(them)g(for)f |
| | 27199 | (\015exibilit)m(y)g(in)g(sim)m(ulating)e(arbitrary)0 |
| | 27200 | 2787 y(couplings)e(at)g(the)h(Born)f(or)h(lo)s(op)e(lev)m(el.)146 |
| | 27201 | 2896 y(A)j(few)g(Standard)g(Mo)s(del)f(Higgs)g(pro)s(cesses)j(ha)m(v)m |
| | 27202 | (e)e(no)g(corresp)s(ondence)i(in)d(the)h(sc)m(heme)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)0 |
| | 27203 | 3004 y(These)f(include)145 3117 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(5)32 |
| | 27204 | b(and)h(8,)f(whic)m(h)h(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)i(ha)m(v)m(e)f(b)s(een)f(sup)s |
| | 27205 | (erseded)i(b)m(y)f(123)d(and)i(124;)145 3235 y Fn(\017)49 |
| | 27206 | b Fw(71,)32 b(72,)h(73,)f(76)g(and)h(77,)g(whic)m(h)g(deal)f(with)g |
| | 27207 | (what)h(happ)s(ens)h(if)e(there)h(is)g(no)f(ligh)m(t)f(Higgs,)h(and)244 |
| | 27208 | 3343 y(so)40 b(is)g(a)g(scenario)g(complemen)m(tary)g(to)g(the)g(one)h |
| | 27209 | (ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(where)f(sev)m(eral)f(ligh)m(t)d(Higgses)i(are)244 |
| | 27210 | 3451 y(assumed;)145 3569 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(110,)32 b(whic)m(h)h(is)f |
| | 27211 | (mainly)e(of)j(in)m(terest)g(in)e(Standard)i(Mo)s(del)f(Higgs)g(searc)m |
| | 27212 | (hes;)j(and)145 3687 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(111,)33 b(112)f(and)h(113,)g |
| | 27213 | (whic)m(h)h(describ)s(e)g(the)f(high-)p Fj(p)2120 3702 |
| | 27214 | y Fk(?)2211 3687 y Fw(tail)e(of)i(the)h(Higgs)e(pro)s(duction,)h(and)g |
| | 27215 | (are)244 3795 y(less)g(in)m(teresting)f(for)g(most)g(Higgs)g(studies.) |
| | 27216 | 146 3908 y(In)g(pro)s(cesses)h(121,)e(122,)g(181,)g(182,)g(186)g(and)g |
| | 27217 | (187)g(the)h(recoiling)d(hea)m(vy)k(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(is)f(assumed)h |
| | 27218 | (to)0 4017 y(b)s(e)k(top,)h(whic)m(h)g(is)f(the)h(only)e(one)i(of)e(in) |
| | 27219 | m(terest)i(in)f(the)g(Standard)h(Mo)s(del,)f(and)h(the)f(one)h(where)g |
| | 27220 | (the)0 4125 y(parton-distribution-function)22 b(approac)m(h)k(in)m(v)m |
| | 27221 | (ok)m(ed)h(in)d(pro)s(cesses)k(3,)f(151)d(and)i(156)f(is)f(least)i |
| | 27222 | (reliable.)0 4233 y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33 b(it)28 b(is)h(p)s(ossible)g |
| | 27223 | (to)h(c)m(hange)g(the)g(quark)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(in)f(121)g(etc.;)i |
| | 27224 | (for)e(eac)m(h)i(pro)s(cess)g(ISUB)f(this)0 4342 y(\015a)m(v)m(our)f |
| | 27225 | (is)f(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)h Fq(KFPR\(ISUB,2\))p Fw(.)45 |
| | 27226 | b(This)29 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(ecome)h(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)28 |
| | 27227 | b(if)f(couplings)g(to)i(b)p 3294 4263 55 4 v(b)f(states)h(are)0 |
| | 27228 | 4450 y(enhanced,)34 b(e.g.)44 b(if)31 b(tan)17 b Fj(\014)33 |
| | 27229 | b Fn(\035)27 b Fw(1)33 b(in)f(the)h(MSSM.)146 4559 y(By)47 |
| | 27230 | b(default,)h(the)e(H)938 4522 y Fl(0)1024 4559 y Fw(has)g(the)g |
| | 27231 | (couplings)f(of)g(the)h(Standard)g(Mo)s(del)f(Higgs,)k(while)c(the)h(H) |
| | 27232 | 3721 4522 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)0 4667 y Fw(and)i(A)278 4631 |
| | 27233 | y Fl(0)365 4667 y Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)i(couplings)d(set)h(in)f |
| | 27234 | Fq(PARU\(171\))54 b(-)e(PARU\(178\))e Fw(and)e Fq(PARU\(181\))54 |
| | 27235 | b(-)d(PARU\(190\))p Fw(,)0 4775 y(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 27236 | b(.)79 b(The)45 b(default)f(v)-5 b(alues)44 b(for)f(the)i(H)1863 |
| | 27237 | 4739 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1965 4775 y Fw(and)g(A)2240 4739 y |
| | 27238 | Fl(0)2323 4775 y Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)h(no)e(deep)h(ph)m(ysics)g(motiv)-5 |
| | 27239 | b(ation,)0 4884 y(but)37 b(are)g(set)g(just)g(so)g(that)f(the)h |
| | 27240 | (program)f(will)e(not)i(crash)i(due)f(to)f(the)i(absence)g(of)e(an)m(y) |
| | 27241 | h(couplings)0 4992 y(whatso)s(ev)m(er.)62 b(Y)-8 b(ou)39 |
| | 27242 | b(should)f(therefore)h(set)g(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(couplings)f(to)g(y) |
| | 27243 | m(our)h(desired)f(v)-5 b(alues)39 b(if)e(y)m(ou)0 5100 |
| | 27244 | y(w)m(an)m(t)c(to)f(sim)m(ulate)e(either)i(H)1093 5064 |
| | 27245 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1184 5100 y Fw(or)g(A)1376 5064 y Fl(0)1416 |
| | 27246 | 5100 y Fw(.)43 b(Also)31 b(the)i(couplings)e(of)h(the)g(H)2652 |
| | 27247 | 5064 y Fl(0)2724 5100 y Fw(particle)f(can)h(b)s(e)h(mo)s(di\014ed,)0 |
| | 27248 | 5209 y(in)f Fq(PARU\(161\))53 b(-)f(PARU\(165\))p Fw(,)35 |
| | 27249 | b(pro)m(vided)e(that)f Fq(MSTP\(4\))j Fw(is)d(set)h(to)f(1.)146 |
| | 27250 | 5317 y(F)-8 b(or)22 b Fq(MSTP\(4\)=2)p Fw(,)27 b(the)c(mass)f(of)g(the) |
| | 27251 | h(H)1543 5281 y Fl(0)1605 5317 y Fw(\(in)e Fq(PMAS\(25,1\))p |
| | 27252 | Fw(\))k(and)e(the)f(tan)17 b Fj(\014)28 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)22 |
| | 27253 | b(\(in)f Fq(PARU\(141\))p Fw(\))0 5425 y(are)54 b(used)h(to)e(deriv)m |
| | 27254 | (e)h(the)g(masses)h(of)e(the)h(other)g(Higgses,)59 b(as)54 |
| | 27255 | b(w)m(ell)f(as)h(all)d(Higgs)i(couplings.)0 5534 y Fq(PMAS\(35,1\))h(-) |
| | 27256 | d(PMAS\(37,1\))i Fw(and)c Fq(PARU\(161\))54 b(-)d(PARU\(195\))h |
| | 27257 | Fw(are)e(o)m(v)m(erwritten)h(accordingly)-8 b(.)0 5642 |
| | 27258 | y(The)29 b(relations)e(used)j(are)e(the)h(ones)g(of)f(the)h(Born-lev)m |
| | 27259 | (el)f(MSSM)h([Gun90].)42 b(T)-8 b(o)s(da)m(y)g(,)29 b(lo)s(op)e |
| | 27260 | (corrections)1817 5953 y(131)p eop |
| | 27261 | %%Page: 132 138 |
| | 27262 | 132 137 bop 0 -18 a Fw(to)37 b(those)i(expressions)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s |
| | 27263 | (een)f(calculated,)g(and)g(are)g(kno)m(wn)h(to)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 27264 | (non-negligible)34 b(e\013ects)0 90 y(on)c(the)h(resulting)e |
| | 27265 | (phenomenology)-8 b(.)42 b(Ev)m(en)m(tually)30 b(the)h(mo)s(di\014ed)e |
| | 27266 | (relations)f(will)g(b)s(e)j(included)e(as)i(an)0 198 |
| | 27267 | y(additional)f(option,)h(but)i(this)f(has)h(not)g(y)m(et)g(b)s(een)h |
| | 27268 | (done.)146 307 y(Note)26 b(that)g(not)g(all)d(com)m(binations)i(of)g |
| | 27269 | Fj(m)1652 322 y Fl(H)1735 307 y Fw(and)h(tan)17 b Fj(\014)31 |
| | 27270 | b Fw(are)26 b(allo)m(w)m(ed;)h(the)g(requiremen)m(t)f(of)f(a)h |
| | 27271 | (\014nite)0 415 y(A)73 379 y Fl(0)145 415 y Fw(mass)33 |
| | 27272 | b(imp)s(oses)f(the)h(constrain)m(t)1441 689 y Fj(m)1526 |
| | 27273 | 704 y Fl(H)1611 689 y Fj(<)27 b(m)1799 704 y Fl(Z)1874 |
| | 27274 | 621 y Fw(tan)2014 585 y Fl(2)2071 621 y Fj(\014)g Fn(\000)c |
| | 27275 | Fw(1)p 1874 665 429 4 v 1875 757 a(tan)2015 722 y Fl(2)2071 |
| | 27276 | 757 y Fj(\014)28 b Fw(+)22 b(1)2312 689 y Fj(;)1218 b |
| | 27277 | Fw(\(119\))0 953 y(or,)32 b(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(tly)d(,)1474 |
| | 27278 | 1106 y(tan)1614 1065 y Fl(2)1670 1106 y Fj(\014)34 b(>)1873 |
| | 27279 | 1038 y(m)1958 1053 y Fl(Z)2028 1038 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(m)2211 |
| | 27280 | 1053 y Fl(H)p 1872 1083 397 4 v 1872 1174 a Fj(m)1957 |
| | 27281 | 1189 y Fl(Z)2027 1174 y Fn(\000)h Fj(m)2212 1189 y Fl(H)2279 |
| | 27282 | 1106 y Fj(:)1251 b Fw(\(120\))0 1321 y(If)33 b(this)f(condition)f(is)h |
| | 27283 | (not)g(ful\014lled,)f(the)i(program)e(will)f(crash.)146 |
| | 27284 | 1429 y(Pro)s(cess)45 b(141)e(can)g(also)g(b)s(e)h(used)g(to)f(sim)m |
| | 27285 | (ulate)f(Z)2061 1393 y Fl(0)2146 1429 y Fn(!)k Fw(H)2365 |
| | 27286 | 1393 y Fl(0)2405 1429 y Fw(A)2478 1393 y Fl(0)2560 1429 |
| | 27287 | y Fw(and)e(Z)2821 1393 y Fl(0)2906 1429 y Fn(!)i Fw(H)3125 |
| | 27288 | 1393 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)3184 1429 y Fw(A)3257 1393 y Fl(0)3339 |
| | 27289 | 1429 y Fw(for)d(asso)s(ci-)0 1537 y(ated)36 b(neutral)g(Higgs)f(pro)s |
| | 27290 | (duction.)54 b(The)37 b(fact)f(that)g(w)m(e)h(here)g(mak)m(e)f(use)h |
| | 27291 | (of)f(the)g(Z)3130 1501 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)3225 1537 y Fw(can)g(easily)f(b)s |
| | 27292 | (e)0 1646 y(discoun)m(ted,)e(either)e(b)m(y)h(letting)e(the)i(relev)-5 |
| | 27293 | b(an)m(t)31 b(couplings)g(v)-5 b(anish,)31 b(or)g(b)m(y)i(the)e(option) |
| | 27294 | g Fq(MSTP\(44\)=4)p Fw(.)146 1754 y(Finally)-8 b(,)31 |
| | 27295 | b(hea)m(vier)j(Higgses)g(ma)m(y)f(deca)m(y)i(in)m(to)e(ligh)m(ter)f |
| | 27296 | (ones,)j(if)e(kinematically)d(allo)m(w)m(ed,)j(in)g(pro-)0 |
| | 27297 | 1862 y(cesses)38 b(lik)m(e)c(A)535 1826 y Fl(0)607 1862 |
| | 27298 | y Fn(!)e Fw(Z)799 1826 y Fl(0)838 1862 y Fw(H)911 1826 |
| | 27299 | y Fl(0)985 1862 y Fw(or)j(H)1180 1826 y Fl(+)1272 1862 |
| | 27300 | y Fn(!)c Fw(W)1504 1826 y Fl(+)1564 1862 y Fw(H)1637 |
| | 27301 | 1826 y Fl(0)1677 1862 y Fw(.)51 b(Suc)m(h)36 b(mo)s(des)f(are)g |
| | 27302 | (included)g(as)h(part)f(of)f(the)i(general)0 1971 y(mixture)k(of)g |
| | 27303 | (deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannels,)j(but)c(they)i(can)e(b)s(e)h(enhanced)h(if)d |
| | 27304 | (the)i(unin)m(teresting)f(c)m(hannels)h(are)0 2079 y(switc)m(hed)34 |
| | 27305 | b(o\013.)0 2327 y Fo(8.4.4)112 b(Charged)39 b(Higgs)d(sector)0 |
| | 27306 | 2499 y Fq(MSEL)e Fw(=)e(23)0 2608 y(ISUB)h(=)126 2704 |
| | 27307 | y(143)99 b(f)402 2719 y Fh(i)p 430 2625 37 4 v 430 2704 |
| | 27308 | a Fw(f)466 2719 y Fh(j)531 2704 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(H)731 |
| | 27309 | 2668 y Fl(+)126 2824 y Fw(161)99 b(f)402 2839 y Fh(i)430 |
| | 27310 | 2824 y Fw(g)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(f)665 2839 y Fh(k)707 2824 |
| | 27311 | y Fw(H)780 2788 y Fl(+)50 2945 y Fw(\(141\))99 b(f)402 |
| | 27312 | 2960 y Fh(i)p 430 2866 V 430 2945 a Fw(f)466 2960 y Fh(i)522 |
| | 27313 | 2945 y Fn(!)28 b Fj(\015)5 b(=)p Fw(Z)815 2909 y Fl(0)853 |
| | 27314 | 2945 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)962 2909 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)146 3062 y |
| | 27315 | Fw(A)37 b(c)m(harged)h(Higgs)f(doublet,)h(H)1353 3026 |
| | 27316 | y Fk(\006)1412 3062 y Fw(,)g(is)f(included)f(in)h(the)g(program.)56 |
| | 27317 | b(This)37 b(doublet)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(the)0 3170 y(one)27 |
| | 27318 | b(predicted)h(in)e(the)i(MSSM)g(scenario,)g(see)g(section)f(8.4.3,)h |
| | 27319 | (or)f(in)f(an)m(y)i(other)f(scenario.)41 b(The)28 b(tan)17 |
| | 27320 | b Fj(\014)0 3278 y Fw(parameter,)32 b(whic)m(h)h(is)f(relev)-5 |
| | 27321 | b(an)m(t)33 b(also)f(for)g(c)m(harged)h(Higgs)f(couplings,)f(is)i(set)g |
| | 27322 | (via)f Fq(PARU\(141\))p Fw(.)146 3387 y(The)48 b(basic)e(subpro)s(cess) |
| | 27323 | i(for)e(c)m(harged)h(Higgs)f(pro)s(duction)f(in)h(hadron)g(colliders)f |
| | 27324 | (is)h(ISUB)h(=)0 3495 y(143.)g(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)37 b(this)c(pro)s |
| | 27325 | (cess)i(is)f(dominated)f(b)m(y)h(t)p 1933 3416 55 4 v(b)d |
| | 27326 | Fn(!)e Fw(H)2220 3459 y Fl(+)2279 3495 y Fw(,)35 b(and)f(so)g(dep)s |
| | 27327 | (ends)i(on)d(the)i(c)m(hoice)f(of)g(t)0 3604 y(parton)k(distribution.) |
| | 27328 | 57 b(A)38 b(b)s(etter)g(represen)m(tation)g(is)f(pro)m(vided)i(b)m(y)f |
| | 27329 | (subpro)s(cess)i(161,)f(fg)e Fn(!)f Fw(f)3597 3567 y |
| | 27330 | Fk(0)3620 3604 y Fw(H)3693 3567 y Fl(+)3752 3604 y Fw(;)0 |
| | 27331 | 3712 y(i.e.)43 b(actually)p 538 3633 V 30 w(bg)29 b Fn(!)p |
| | 27332 | 797 3641 38 4 v 27 w Fw(tH)908 3676 y Fl(+)967 3712 y |
| | 27333 | Fw(.)44 b(It)31 b(is)h(therefore)g(recommended)g(to)f(use)i(161)e(and)h |
| | 27334 | (not)f(143;)h(to)f(use)i(b)s(oth)0 3820 y(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)f |
| | 27335 | (double-coun)m(ting.)146 3929 y(In)47 b(subpro)s(cess)i(141,)g(the)e |
| | 27336 | (deca)m(y)g Fj(\015)1528 3892 y Fk(\003)1568 3929 y Fj(=)p |
| | 27337 | Fw(Z)1677 3892 y Fl(0)1716 3929 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1825 3892 |
| | 27338 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1934 3929 y Fn(!)k Fw(H)2158 3892 y Fl(+)2217 |
| | 27339 | 3929 y Fw(H)2290 3892 y Fk(\000)2396 3929 y Fw(allo)m(ws)45 |
| | 27340 | b(the)i(pro)s(duction)e(of)h(a)h(pair)0 4037 y(of)39 |
| | 27341 | b(c)m(harged)i(Higgs)d(particles.)64 b(This)40 b(pro)s(cess)h(is)e(esp) |
| | 27342 | s(ecially)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)e(in)i(e)2971 4001 y Fl(+)3031 |
| | 27343 | 4037 y Fw(e)3074 4001 y Fk(\000)3173 4037 y Fw(colliders.)63 |
| | 27344 | b(The)0 4145 y(coupling)35 b(of)g(the)i Fj(\015)736 4109 |
| | 27345 | y Fk(\003)811 4145 y Fw(to)f(H)1007 4109 y Fl(+)1066 |
| | 27346 | 4145 y Fw(H)1139 4109 y Fk(\000)1234 4145 y Fw(is)g(determined)g(b)m(y) |
| | 27347 | h(the)f(c)m(harge)h(alone,)f(while)g(the)g(Z)3245 4109 |
| | 27348 | y Fl(0)3320 4145 y Fw(coupling)f(is)0 4254 y(regulated)27 |
| | 27349 | b(b)m(y)i Fq(PARU\(142\))p Fw(,)h(and)d(that)g(of)g(the)g(Z)1788 |
| | 27350 | 4217 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1873 4254 y Fw(b)m(y)i Fq(PARU\(143\))p |
| | 27351 | Fw(.)44 b(The)28 b(Z)2789 4217 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2874 4254 |
| | 27352 | y Fw(piece)g(can)f(b)s(e)g(switc)m(hed)0 4362 y(o\013,)33 |
| | 27353 | b(e.g.)47 b(b)m(y)36 b Fq(MSTP\(44\)=4)p Fw(.)49 b(An)33 |
| | 27354 | b(ordinary)g(Z)1697 4326 y Fl(0)1736 4362 y Fw(,)h(i.e.)46 |
| | 27355 | b(particle)32 b(co)s(de)i(23,)f(cannot)h(b)s(e)g(made)f(to)g(deca)m(y)0 |
| | 27356 | 4470 y(in)m(to)f(H)271 4434 y Fl(+)330 4470 y Fw(H)403 |
| | 27357 | 4434 y Fk(\000)462 4470 y Fw(,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)146 |
| | 27358 | 4579 y(A)i(ma)5 b(jor)34 b(p)s(oten)m(tial)e(source)k(of)e(c)m(harged)i |
| | 27359 | (Higgs)e(pro)s(duction)f(is)i(top)f(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)51 |
| | 27360 | b(When)35 b(the)g(top)g(is)0 4687 y(treated)f(as)g(a)f(resonance)i |
| | 27361 | (\(the)f(default)f(option\),)g(it)f(is)h(p)s(ossible)g(to)g(switc)m(h)i |
| | 27362 | (on)e(the)h(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannel)0 4795 y(t)28 b Fn(!)f |
| | 27363 | Fw(bH)320 4759 y Fl(+)379 4795 y Fw(.)42 b(T)-8 b(op)29 |
| | 27364 | b(will)d(then)j(deca)m(y)g(to)f(H)1494 4759 y Fl(+)1582 |
| | 27365 | 4795 y Fw(a)f(fraction)h(of)f(the)i(time,)f(whic)m(hev)m(er)i(w)m(a)m |
| | 27366 | (y)g(it)d(is)h(pro)s(duced.)0 4904 y(The)33 b(branc)m(hing)f(ratio)e |
| | 27367 | (is)i(automatically)c(calculated,)k(based)g(on)g(the)h(tan)16 |
| | 27368 | b Fj(\014)38 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(and)h(masses.)44 b(It)0 |
| | 27369 | 5012 y(is)34 b(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(only)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)f(H)1275 |
| | 27370 | 4976 y Fl(+)1368 5012 y Fw(deca)m(y)h(mo)s(de)d(switc)m(hed)j(on,)f(in) |
| | 27371 | e(whic)m(h)i(case)g(the)g(cross)g(section)0 5120 y(is)j(reduced)j |
| | 27372 | (accordingly)-8 b(.)62 b(If)38 b(one)i(instead)f(assumes)h(that)e(top)h |
| | 27373 | (hadrons)h(are)f(formed,)h(branc)m(hing)0 5229 y(ratios)30 |
| | 27374 | b(are)g(not)h(automatically)c(calculated.)42 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33 |
| | 27375 | b(y)m(ou)e(can)g(set,)h(for)e(the)h(generic)g(top)f(hadron)0 |
| | 27376 | 5337 y(86,)e(the)f(branc)m(hing)h(ratios)e(for)g(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 27377 | (main)d(c)m(hannels)j(t)g Fn(!)f Fw(bH)2460 5301 y Fl(+)2547 |
| | 27378 | 5337 y Fw(and)g(t)g Fn(!)h Fw(bW)3079 5301 y Fl(+)3139 |
| | 27379 | 5337 y Fw(.)41 b(In)28 b(this)f(option)0 5445 y(the)41 |
| | 27380 | b(cross)h(section)f(for)g(top)g(pro)s(duction)f(will)f(not)h(b)s(e)i |
| | 27381 | (reduced)g(if)e(only)g(the)i(t)g Fn(!)f Fw(bH)3334 5409 |
| | 27382 | y Fl(+)3435 5445 y Fw(deca)m(y)h(is)0 5554 y(switc)m(hed)34 |
| | 27383 | b(on,)e(cf.)44 b(section)33 b(7.6.2.)1817 5953 y(132)p |
| | 27384 | eop |
| | 27385 | %%Page: 133 139 |
| | 27386 | 133 138 bop 0 -18 a Fp(8.5)135 b(Non-Standard)45 b(Ph)l(ysics)0 |
| | 27387 | 154 y Fw(The)c(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(p)s(ossible)g(non-Standard)g(Mo)s |
| | 27388 | (del)g(scenarios)h(is)e(essen)m(tially)h(in\014nite,)i(but)e(man)m(y)0 |
| | 27389 | 263 y(of)d(the)i(studied)f(scenarios)g(still)d(share)k(a)e(lot)g(of)g |
| | 27390 | (asp)s(ects.)60 b(F)-8 b(or)37 b(instance,)j(new)f(W)3159 |
| | 27391 | 226 y Fk(0)3220 263 y Fw(and)f(Z)3475 226 y Fk(0)3536 |
| | 27392 | 263 y Fw(gauge)0 371 y(b)s(osons)g(can)h(arise)e(in)g(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 27393 | (er)g(of)f(di\013eren)m(t)h(w)m(a)m(ys.)62 b(Therefore)39 |
| | 27394 | b(it)d(still)g(mak)m(es)i(sense)i(to)e(try)g(to)0 479 |
| | 27395 | y(co)m(v)m(er)27 b(a)f(few)g(basic)g(classes)h(of)e(particles,)i(with)e |
| | 27396 | (enough)i(freedom)e(in)g(couplings)g(that)h(man)m(y)g(kinds)g(of)0 |
| | 27397 | 588 y(detailed)k(scenarios)h(can)g(b)s(e)g(accommo)s(dated)e(b)m(y)j |
| | 27398 | (suitable)e(parameter)g(c)m(hoices.)44 b(W)-8 b(e)31 |
| | 27399 | b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(already)0 696 y(seen)i(one)f(example)f(of)g(this,)g(in)g |
| | 27400 | (the)h(extended)h(Higgs)e(sector)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)44 |
| | 27401 | b(In)33 b(this)f(section)h(a)f(few)h(other)0 804 y(kinds)g(of)g |
| | 27402 | (non-standard)g(generic)g(ph)m(ysics)h(is)f(discussed.)46 |
| | 27403 | b(Clearly)32 b(man)m(y)h(others)h(could)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)0 |
| | 27404 | 913 y(included,)i(but)g(there)g(is)f(probably)g(only)g(one)h(glaring)d |
| | 27405 | (omission:)50 b(curren)m(tly)37 b(no)f(sup)s(ersymmetric)0 |
| | 27406 | 1021 y(particle)f(pro)s(duction)i(has)g(b)s(een)g(included.)56 |
| | 27407 | b(One)37 b(main)e(reason)j(for)e(this)g(is)h(the)g(large)f(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 27408 | (er)h(of)0 1129 y(particles,)32 b(pro)s(cesses,)j(p)s(ossible)c(mass)i |
| | 27409 | (hierarc)m(hies)g(and)f(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hains.)0 1377 |
| | 27410 | y Fo(8.5.1)112 b(F)-9 b(ourth-generation)38 b(fermions)0 |
| | 27411 | 1550 y Fq(MSEL)c Fw(=)e(7,)g(8,)h(37,)f(38)0 1658 y(ISUB)h(=)147 |
| | 27412 | 1754 y(1)100 b(f)326 1769 y Fh(i)p 354 1675 37 4 v 354 |
| | 27413 | 1754 a Fw(f)391 1769 y Fh(i)446 1754 y Fn(!)28 b Fj(\015)630 |
| | 27414 | 1718 y Fk(\003)669 1754 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)778 1718 y Fl(0)147 |
| | 27415 | 1875 y Fw(2)100 b(f)326 1890 y Fh(i)p 354 1795 V 354 |
| | 27416 | 1875 a Fw(f)391 1890 y Fh(j)455 1875 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)683 |
| | 27417 | 1838 y Fl(+)99 1995 y Fw(81)99 b(q)347 2010 y Fh(i)p |
| | 27418 | 375 1942 52 4 v 375 1995 a Fw(q)427 2019 y Fh(i)483 1995 |
| | 27419 | y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Q)686 2010 y Fh(k)p 729 1917 76 4 v 729 |
| | 27420 | 1995 a Fw(Q)804 2019 y Fh(k)99 2115 y Fw(82)99 b(gg)28 |
| | 27421 | b Fn(!)g Fw(Q)626 2130 y Fh(k)p 668 2037 V 668 2115 a |
| | 27422 | Fw(Q)744 2139 y Fh(k)99 2236 y Fw(83)99 b(q)347 2251 |
| | 27423 | y Fh(i)375 2236 y Fw(f)405 2251 y Fh(j)469 2236 y Fn(!)28 |
| | 27424 | b Fw(Q)673 2251 y Fh(k)715 2236 y Fw(f)745 2251 y Fh(l)99 |
| | 27425 | 2356 y Fw(84)99 b(g)q Fj(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(Q)633 |
| | 27426 | 2371 y Fh(k)p 675 2278 V 675 2356 a Fw(Q)751 2380 y Fh(k)99 |
| | 27427 | 2477 y Fw(85)99 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)32 b Fn(!)c Fw(F)627 |
| | 27428 | 2492 y Fh(k)p 669 2398 64 4 v 669 2477 a Fw(F)733 2492 |
| | 27429 | y Fh(k)50 2597 y Fw(141)99 b(f)326 2612 y Fh(i)p 354 |
| | 27430 | 2518 37 4 v 354 2597 a Fw(f)391 2612 y Fh(i)446 2597 |
| | 27431 | y Fn(!)28 b Fj(\015)5 b(=)p Fw(Z)739 2561 y Fl(0)777 |
| | 27432 | 2597 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)886 2561 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)50 2717 y Fw(142)99 |
| | 27433 | b(f)326 2732 y Fh(i)p 354 2638 V 354 2717 a Fw(f)391 |
| | 27434 | 2732 y Fh(j)455 2717 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)683 2681 y Fk(0)p |
| | 27435 | Fl(+)146 2827 y Fw(The)36 b(prosp)s(ects)g(of)e(a)g(fourth)h |
| | 27436 | (generation)f(curren)m(tly)h(seem)g(rather)g(dim,)e(but)i(the)g |
| | 27437 | (appropriate)0 2936 y(\015a)m(v)m(our)c(con)m(ten)m(t)g(is)f(still)e |
| | 27438 | (found)i(in)f(the)i(program.)41 b(In)31 b(fact,)f(the)h(fourth)f |
| | 27439 | (generation)f(is)h(included)g(on)0 3044 y(an)38 b(equal)g(basis)h(with) |
| | 27440 | e(the)i(\014rst)g(three,)i(pro)m(vided)d Fq(MSTP\(1\)=4)p |
| | 27441 | Fw(.)63 b(Also)38 b(pro)s(cesses)i(other)f(than)f(the)0 |
| | 27442 | 3152 y(ones)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(can)f(therefore)g(b)s(e)g(used,)i(e.g.) |
| | 27443 | 60 b(all)35 b(other)j(pro)s(cesses)i(with)d(gauge)h(b)s(osons,)h |
| | 27444 | (including)0 3261 y(non-standard)j(ones)g(suc)m(h)h(as)f(the)g(Z)1427 |
| | 27445 | 3225 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1485 3261 y Fw(.)71 b(W)-8 b(e)42 |
| | 27446 | b(therefore)g(do)f(not)h(rep)s(eat)g(the)g(descriptions)f(found)0 |
| | 27447 | 3369 y(elsewhere,)c(e.g.)51 b(ho)m(w)35 b(to)g(set)h(only)e(the)h |
| | 27448 | (desired)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(in)e(pro)s(cesses)j(81{85.)49 |
| | 27449 | b(Note)35 b(that)g(it)f(ma)m(y)0 3477 y(b)s(e)27 b(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t) |
| | 27450 | i(to)d(set)h Fq(CKIN\(1\))i Fw(and)e(other)g(cuts)h(suc)m(h)g(that)e |
| | 27451 | (the)i(mass)e(of)h(pro)s(duced)g(gauge)g(b)s(osons)0 |
| | 27452 | 3586 y(is)35 b(enough)h(for)f(the)h(w)m(an)m(ted)h(particle)e(pro)s |
| | 27453 | (duction)f(|)i(in)e(principle)g(the)i(program)f(will)e(cop)s(e)j(ev)m |
| | 27454 | (en)0 3694 y(without)c(that,)h(but)f(p)s(ossibly)g(at)h(the)g(exp)s |
| | 27455 | (ense)h(of)e(v)m(ery)i(slo)m(w)f(execution.)0 3942 y |
| | 27456 | Fo(8.5.2)112 b(New)38 b(gauge)g(b)s(osons)0 4114 y Fq(MSEL)c |
| | 27457 | Fw(=)e(21,)g(22,)g(24)0 4223 y(ISUB)h(=)50 4319 y(141)99 |
| | 27458 | b(f)326 4334 y Fh(i)p 354 4240 V 354 4319 a Fw(f)391 |
| | 27459 | 4334 y Fh(i)446 4319 y Fn(!)28 b Fj(\015)5 b(=)p Fw(Z)739 |
| | 27460 | 4283 y Fl(0)777 4319 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)886 4283 y Fk(0)p |
| | 27461 | Fl(0)50 4439 y Fw(142)99 b(f)326 4454 y Fh(i)p 354 4360 |
| | 27462 | V 354 4439 a Fw(f)391 4454 y Fh(j)455 4439 y Fn(!)27 |
| | 27463 | b Fw(W)683 4403 y Fk(0)p Fl(+)50 4560 y Fw(144)99 b(f)326 |
| | 27464 | 4575 y Fh(i)p 354 4481 V 354 4560 a Fw(f)391 4575 y Fh(j)455 |
| | 27465 | 4560 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(R)146 4680 y(The)40 b(Z)413 4643 |
| | 27466 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)509 4680 y Fw(of)e(subpro)s(cess)j(141)c(con)m(tains)i |
| | 27467 | (the)g(full)d Fj(\015)2098 4643 y Fk(\003)2138 4680 y |
| | 27468 | Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2247 4643 y Fl(0)2285 4680 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2394 |
| | 27469 | 4643 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2491 4680 y Fw(in)m(terference)j(structure)h(for)e |
| | 27470 | (cou-)0 4788 y(plings)31 b(to)i(fermion)e(pairs.)43 b(With)32 |
| | 27471 | b Fq(MSTP\(44\))j Fw(it)d(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)h(pic)m(k)g(only)f(a)g |
| | 27472 | (subset,)j(e.g.)44 b(only)32 b(the)0 4896 y(pure)i(Z)283 |
| | 27473 | 4860 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)375 4896 y Fw(piece.)47 b(The)35 b(couplings)e(of)g |
| | 27474 | (the)h(Z)1633 4860 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1725 4896 y Fw(to)f(quarks)i(and)f |
| | 27475 | (leptons)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(set)g(via)f Fq(PARU\(121\))0 |
| | 27476 | 5005 y(-)52 b(PARU\(128\))p Fw(.)c(The)34 b(eigh)m(t)f(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 27477 | (ers)h(corresp)s(ond)g(to)f(the)h(v)m(ector)h(and)e(axial)f(couplings)g |
| | 27478 | (of)h(do)m(wn-)0 5113 y(t)m(yp)s(e)27 b(quarks,)h(up-t)m(yp)s(e)f |
| | 27479 | (quarks,)i(leptons)d(and)g(neutrinos,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 27480 | b(.)42 b(The)27 b(default)e(corresp)s(onds)0 5221 y(to)38 |
| | 27481 | b(the)h(same)f(couplings)g(as)g(that)h(of)f(the)g(Standard)h(Mo)s(del)f |
| | 27482 | (Z)2410 5185 y Fl(0)2449 5221 y Fw(,)i(with)e(axial)e(couplings)i |
| | 27483 | Fj(a)3471 5236 y Fl(f)3540 5221 y Fw(=)f Fn(\006)p Fw(1)0 |
| | 27484 | 5330 y(and)d(v)m(ector)g(couplings)f Fj(v)961 5345 y |
| | 27485 | Fl(f)1021 5330 y Fw(=)c Fj(a)1177 5345 y Fl(f)1231 5330 |
| | 27486 | y Fn(\000)23 b Fw(4)p Fj(e)1425 5345 y Fl(f)1473 5330 |
| | 27487 | y Fw(sin)1593 5290 y Fl(2)1632 5330 y Fj(\022)1677 5345 |
| | 27488 | y Fh(W)1758 5330 y Fw(.)46 b(This)34 b(implies)d(a)i(resonance)i(width) |
| | 27489 | e(that)h(increases)0 5438 y(linearly)e(with)i(the)g(mass.)48 |
| | 27490 | b(By)35 b(a)f(suitable)f(c)m(hoice)h(of)g(the)h(parameters,)f(it)f(is)h |
| | 27491 | (p)s(ossible)f(to)h(sim)m(ulate)0 5546 y(just)e(ab)s(out)f(an)m(y)i |
| | 27492 | (imaginable)28 b(Z)1206 5510 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1296 5546 |
| | 27493 | y Fw(scenario,)k(with)f(full)f(in)m(terference)i(e\013ects)i(in)c |
| | 27494 | (cross)j(sections)f(and)0 5655 y(deca)m(y)i(angular)d(distributions.) |
| | 27495 | 1817 5953 y(133)p eop |
| | 27496 | %%Page: 134 140 |
| | 27497 | 134 139 bop 146 -18 a Fw(The)54 b(coupling)e(to)h(the)g(deca)m(y)i(c)m |
| | 27498 | (hannel)e(Z)1833 -55 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1954 -18 y Fn(!)63 |
| | 27499 | b Fw(W)2218 -55 y Fl(+)2277 -18 y Fw(W)2378 -55 y Fk(\000)2491 |
| | 27500 | -18 y Fw(is)53 b(regulated)f(b)m(y)k Fq(PARU\(129\))d(-)0 |
| | 27501 | 90 y(PARU\(130\))p Fw(.)43 b(The)25 b(former)e(giv)m(es)h(the)g |
| | 27502 | (strength)h(of)e(the)h(coupling,)g(whic)m(h)h(determines)f(the)g(rate.) |
| | 27503 | 41 b(The)0 198 y(default,)27 b Fq(PARU\(129\)=1.)p Fw(,)k(corresp)s |
| | 27504 | (onds)c(to)f(the)g(`extended)j(gauge)d(mo)s(del')e(of)i([Alt89)o(],)h |
| | 27505 | (wherein)g(the)0 307 y(Z)60 270 y Fl(0)139 307 y Fn(!)40 |
| | 27506 | b Fw(W)380 270 y Fl(+)440 307 y Fw(W)541 270 y Fk(\000)640 |
| | 27507 | 307 y Fw(coupling)f(is)h(used,)j(scaled)d(do)m(wn)h(b)m(y)g(a)e(factor) |
| | 27508 | h Fj(m)2566 270 y Fl(2)2566 331 y(W)2644 307 y Fj(=m)2778 |
| | 27509 | 270 y Fl(2)2778 331 y(Z)2821 312 y Fd(0)2847 307 y Fw(,)i(to)e(giv)m(e) |
| | 27510 | g(a)g(Z)3400 270 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)3498 307 y Fw(partial)0 |
| | 27511 | 415 y(width)30 b(in)m(to)g(this)h(c)m(hannel)g(that)f(again)g |
| | 27512 | (increases)h(linearly)-8 b(.)41 b(If)31 b(this)f(factor)g(is)g |
| | 27513 | (cancelled,)h(b)m(y)h(ha)m(ving)0 523 y Fq(PARU\(129\))38 |
| | 27514 | b Fw(prop)s(ortional)32 b(to)k Fj(m)1268 487 y Fl(2)1268 |
| | 27515 | 548 y(Z)1311 529 y Fd(0)1338 523 y Fj(=m)1472 487 y Fl(2)1472 |
| | 27516 | 548 y(W)1549 523 y Fw(,)g(one)g(obtains)f(a)g(partial)e(width)i(that)g |
| | 27517 | (go)s(es)h(lik)m(e)f(the)g(\014fth)0 632 y(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)e(of)f(the)g |
| | 27518 | (Z)622 595 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)712 632 y Fw(mass,)h(the)f(`reference)i(mo)s |
| | 27519 | (del')c(of)i([Alt89)o(].)43 b(In)33 b(the)f(deca)m(y)i(angular)c |
| | 27520 | (distribution)0 740 y(one)e(could)f(imagine)d(a)k(m)m(uc)m(h)f(ric)m |
| | 27521 | (her)h(structure)h(than)e(is)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)i(the)f(one)f |
| | 27522 | (parameter)g Fq(PARU\(130\))p Fw(.)146 848 y(Other)j(deca)m(y)h(mo)s |
| | 27523 | (des)e(include)f(Z)1383 812 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1469 848 y |
| | 27524 | Fn(!)f Fw(Z)1656 812 y Fl(0)1695 848 y Fw(H)1768 812 |
| | 27525 | y Fl(0)1808 848 y Fw(,)j(predicted)g(in)e(left{righ)m(t)g(symmetric)g |
| | 27526 | (mo)s(dels)g(\(see)0 957 y Fq(PARU\(145\))39 b Fw(and)d(ref.)55 |
| | 27527 | b([Co)s(c91]\),)37 b(and)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)e(other)i(Higgs)e |
| | 27528 | (deca)m(y)j(c)m(hannels,)g(see)g(sections)0 1065 y(8.4.3)32 |
| | 27529 | b(and)h(8.4.4.)146 1173 y(The)44 b(W)458 1137 y Fk(0\006)579 |
| | 27530 | 1173 y Fw(of)f(subpro)s(cess)h(142)e(so)h(far)f(do)s(es)h(not)g(con)m |
| | 27531 | (tain)f(in)m(terference)i(with)e(the)h(Standard)0 1282 |
| | 27532 | y(Mo)s(del)31 b(W)398 1245 y Fk(\006)489 1282 y Fw(|)g(in)g(practice)g |
| | 27533 | (this)g(should)h(not)f(b)s(e)h(a)f(ma)5 b(jor)30 b(limitation.)39 |
| | 27534 | b(The)32 b(couplings)f(of)g(the)h(W)3756 1245 y Fk(0)0 |
| | 27535 | 1390 y Fw(to)40 b(quarks)i(and)e(leptons)h(are)f(set)h(via)f |
| | 27536 | Fq(PARU\(131\))54 b(-)d(PARU\(134\))p Fw(.)70 b(Again)39 |
| | 27537 | b(one)i(ma)m(y)f(set)h(v)m(ector)0 1498 y(and)29 b(axial)e(couplings)h |
| | 27538 | (freely)-8 b(,)30 b(separately)f(for)f(the)i(q)p 1946 |
| | 27539 | 1445 52 4 v(q)1998 1462 y Fk(0)2050 1498 y Fw(and)f(the)g |
| | 27540 | Fj(`\027)2489 1513 y Fh(`)2551 1498 y Fw(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannels.)43 |
| | 27541 | b(The)30 b(defaults)0 1607 y(corresp)s(ond)43 b(to)g(the)g |
| | 27542 | Fj(V)50 b Fn(\000)30 b Fj(A)43 b Fw(structure)h(of)e(the)h(Standard)g |
| | 27543 | (Mo)s(del)f(W)q(,)j(but)e(can)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)h(to)0 |
| | 27544 | 1715 y(sim)m(ulate)35 b(a)h(wide)g(selection)g(of)g(mo)s(dels.)53 |
| | 27545 | b(One)37 b(p)s(ossible)e(limitation)d(is)k(that)g(the)g(same)g(Cabibb)s |
| | 27546 | (o{)0 1823 y(Koba)m(y)m(ashi{Mask)-5 b(a)m(w)m(a)34 b(quark)f(mixing)e |
| | 27547 | (matrix)g(is)h(assumed)h(as)g(for)f(the)h(standard)g(W)q(.)146 |
| | 27548 | 1932 y(The)e(coupling)e(W)833 1896 y Fk(0)885 1932 y |
| | 27549 | Fn(!)e Fw(Z)1072 1896 y Fl(0)1111 1932 y Fw(W)32 b(can)e(b)s(e)g(set)h |
| | 27550 | (via)e Fq(PARU\(135\))54 b(-)d(PARU\(136\))p Fw(.)45 |
| | 27551 | b(F)-8 b(urther)31 b(commen)m(ts)0 2040 y(on)j(this)g(c)m(hannel)h(as)g |
| | 27552 | (for)e(Z)1018 2004 y Fk(0)1041 2040 y Fw(;)i(in)f(particular,)f |
| | 27553 | (default)h(couplings)f(again)g(agree)i(with)f(the)g(`extended)0 |
| | 27554 | 2148 y(gauge)42 b(mo)s(del')f(of)h([Alt89)o(].)74 b(A)42 |
| | 27555 | b(W)1341 2112 y Fk(0)1410 2148 y Fn(!)i Fw(WH)1727 2112 |
| | 27556 | y Fl(0)1809 2148 y Fw(c)m(hannel)f(is)f(also)g(included,)j(in)d |
| | 27557 | (analogy)f(with)h(the)0 2257 y(Z)60 2221 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)146 |
| | 27558 | 2257 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Z)333 2221 y Fl(0)372 2257 y Fw(H)445 |
| | 27559 | 2221 y Fl(0)517 2257 y Fw(one,)33 b(see)h Fq(PARU\(146\))p |
| | 27560 | Fw(.)146 2365 y(The)28 b(R)e(b)s(oson)g(\(particle)f(co)s(de)h(40\))g |
| | 27561 | (of)g(subpro)s(cess)i(144)e(represen)m(ts)j(one)d(p)s(ossible)g |
| | 27562 | (scenario)g(for)g(a)0 2473 y(horizon)m(tal)e(gauge)i(b)s(oson,)i(i.e.) |
| | 27563 | 41 b(a)26 b(gauge)g(b)s(oson)g(that)g(couples)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the) |
| | 27564 | d(generations,)h(inducing)0 2582 y(pro)s(cesses)h(lik)m(e)d(s)p |
| | 27565 | 625 2503 55 4 v(d)j Fn(!)f Fw(R)906 2546 y Fl(0)973 2582 |
| | 27566 | y Fn(!)h Fj(\026)1160 2546 y Fk(\000)1218 2582 y Fw(e)1261 |
| | 27567 | 2546 y Fl(+)1321 2582 y Fw(.)41 b(Exp)s(erimen)m(tal)25 |
| | 27568 | b(limits)d(on)k(\015a)m(v)m(our-c)m(hanging)g(neutral)f(curren)m(ts)0 |
| | 27569 | 2690 y(forces)38 b(suc)m(h)h(a)e(b)s(oson)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(fairly)d(hea)m |
| | 27570 | (vy)-8 b(.)60 b(The)38 b(mo)s(del)e(implemen)m(ted)g(is)h(the)h(one)g |
| | 27571 | (describ)s(ed)g(in)0 2798 y([Ben85a].)0 3046 y Fo(8.5.3)112 |
| | 27572 | b(Lepto)s(quarks)0 3219 y Fq(MSEL)34 b Fw(=)e(25)0 3327 |
| | 27573 | y(ISUB)h(=)50 3423 y(145)99 b(q)347 3438 y Fh(i)375 3423 |
| | 27574 | y Fj(`)416 3438 y Fh(j)481 3423 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(L)669 |
| | 27575 | 3438 y Fl(Q)50 3544 y Fw(162)99 b(qg)29 b Fn(!)e Fj(`)p |
| | 27576 | Fw(L)654 3559 y Fl(Q)50 3664 y Fw(163)99 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g |
| | 27577 | Fw(L)611 3679 y Fl(Q)p 670 3586 61 4 v 670 3664 a Fw(L)731 |
| | 27578 | 3679 y Fl(Q)50 3785 y Fw(164)99 b(q)347 3800 y Fh(i)p |
| | 27579 | 375 3732 52 4 v 375 3785 a Fw(q)427 3808 y Fh(i)483 3785 |
| | 27580 | y Fn(!)27 b Fw(L)671 3800 y Fl(Q)p 730 3706 61 4 v 730 |
| | 27581 | 3785 a Fw(L)791 3800 y Fl(Q)146 3895 y Fw(Sev)m(eral)34 |
| | 27582 | b(pro)s(cesses)i(that)e(can)g(generate)g(a)f(lepto)s(quark)h(ha)m(v)m |
| | 27583 | (e)h(b)s(een)f(included.)46 b(Curren)m(tly)35 b(only)0 |
| | 27584 | 4003 y(one)44 b(lepto)s(quark)f(has)h(b)s(een)g(implemen)m(ted,)h(as)e |
| | 27585 | (particle)f(39,)k(denoted)e(L)2839 4018 y Fl(Q)2898 4003 |
| | 27586 | y Fw(.)76 b(The)45 b(lepto)s(quark)e(is)0 4111 y(assumed)c(to)g(carry)g |
| | 27587 | (sp)s(eci\014c)g(quark)h(and)e(lepton)h(quan)m(tum)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers,) |
| | 27588 | i(b)m(y)e(default)f(u)h(quark)h(plus)0 4220 y(electron.)55 |
| | 27589 | b(These)39 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)g(are)g(conserv)m(ed,)j |
| | 27590 | (i.e.)55 b(a)36 b(pro)s(cess)i(suc)m(h)g(as)e(ue)3125 |
| | 27591 | 4183 y Fk(\000)3219 4220 y Fn(!)e Fw(L)3414 4235 y Fl(Q)3508 |
| | 27592 | 4220 y Fn(!)g Fw(d)p Fj(\027)3744 4235 y Fl(e)0 4328 |
| | 27593 | y Fw(is)j(not)h(allo)m(w)m(ed.)59 b(This)38 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(a)f(bit) |
| | 27594 | g(restrictiv)m(e,)j(but)e(it)f(represen)m(ts)j(one)e(of)g(man)m(y)g |
| | 27595 | (lepto)s(quark)0 4436 y(p)s(ossibilities.)h(The)28 b(spin)f(of)f(the)i |
| | 27596 | (lepto)s(quark)f(is)g(assumed)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(zero,)i(i.e.)41 |
| | 27597 | b(its)27 b(deca)m(y)h(is)f(isotropical.)146 4545 y(Although)i(only)f |
| | 27598 | (one)i(lepto)s(quark)f(is)f(implemen)m(ted,)h(its)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours)j |
| | 27599 | (ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)h(arbitrarily)0 4653 y(to)44 |
| | 27600 | b(study)h(the)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(p)s(ossibilities.)75 |
| | 27601 | b(The)46 b(\015a)m(v)m(ours)f(of)f(the)h(lepto)s(quark)f(are)g |
| | 27602 | (de\014ned)i(b)m(y)f(the)0 4761 y(quark)28 b(and)g(lepton)e(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 27603 | (ours)j(in)e(the)g(deca)m(y)i(mo)s(de)e(list.)40 b(Since)27 |
| | 27604 | b(only)g(one)h(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannel)e(is)g(allo)m(w)m(ed,)0 |
| | 27605 | 4870 y(this)36 b(means)h(that)f(the)h(quark)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(is)f |
| | 27606 | (stored)h(in)f Fq(KFDP\(MDCY\(39,2\),1\))41 b Fw(and)36 |
| | 27607 | b(the)h(lepton)f(one)0 4978 y(in)44 b Fq(KFDP\(MDCY\(39,2\),2\))p |
| | 27608 | Fw(.)85 b(The)45 b(former)f(m)m(ust)h(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(b)s(e)g(a)g |
| | 27609 | (quark,)j(while)c(the)h(latter)f(could)0 5086 y(b)s(e)35 |
| | 27610 | b(a)f(lepton)g(or)g(an)g(an)m(tilepton;)h(a)f(c)m(harge-conjugate)h |
| | 27611 | (partner)g(is)f(automatically)d(de\014ned)36 b(b)m(y)f(the)0 |
| | 27612 | 5195 y(program.)41 b(A)m(t)28 b(initialization,)c(the)k(c)m(harge)h(is) |
| | 27613 | f(recalculated)f(as)i(a)f(function)f(of)h(the)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i |
| | 27614 | (de\014ned;)0 5303 y(also)g(the)h(lepto)s(quark)f(name)g(is)g |
| | 27615 | (rede\014ned)i(to)f(b)s(e)f(of)g(the)h(t)m(yp)s(e)h Fq('LQ)p |
| | 27616 | 2517 5303 31 4 v 37 w(\(q\)\(l\)')p Fw(,)h(where)f(actual)e(quark)0 |
| | 27617 | 5411 y Fq(\(q\))j Fw(and)g(lepton)f Fq(\(l\))h Fw(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h |
| | 27618 | (are)f(displa)m(y)m(ed.)146 5520 y(The)49 b(L)423 5535 |
| | 27619 | y Fl(Q)535 5520 y Fn(!)54 b Fw(q)p Fj(`)48 b Fw(v)m(ertex)h(con)m |
| | 27620 | (tains)f(an)g(undetermined)g(Y)-8 b(uk)j(a)m(w)m(a)48 |
| | 27621 | b(coupling)f(strength,)52 b(whic)m(h)0 5628 y(a\013ects)30 |
| | 27622 | b(b)s(oth)g(the)f(width)h(of)f(the)h(lepto)s(quark)f(and)h(the)g(cross) |
| | 27623 | g(section)g(for)f(man)m(y)g(of)g(the)h(pro)s(duction)1817 |
| | 27624 | 5953 y(134)p eop |
| | 27625 | %%Page: 135 141 |
| | 27626 | 135 140 bop 0 -18 a Fw(graphs.)92 b(This)48 b(strength)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s |
| | 27627 | (e)f(c)m(hanged)i(in)e Fq(PARU\(151\))p Fw(.)93 b(The)50 |
| | 27628 | b(de\014nition)d(of)55 b Fq(PARU\(151\))0 90 y Fw(corresp)s(onds)26 |
| | 27629 | b(to)f(the)h Fj(k)i Fw(factor)c(of)h([Hew88],)i(i.e.)40 |
| | 27630 | b(to)25 b Fj(\025)1980 54 y Fl(2)2020 90 y Fj(=)p Fw(\(4)p |
| | 27631 | Fj(\031)t(\013)2277 105 y Fl(em)2370 90 y Fw(\),)i(where)f |
| | 27632 | Fj(\025)f Fw(is)g(the)g(Y)-8 b(uk)j(a)m(w)m(a)26 b(coupling)0 |
| | 27633 | 198 y(strength)33 b(of)f([W)-8 b(ud86)q(].)43 b(Note)33 |
| | 27634 | b(that)f Fq(PARU\(151\))j Fw(is)d(th)m(us)i(quadratic)e(in)g(the)h |
| | 27635 | (coupling.)146 307 y(The)i(lepto)s(quark)f(is)f(lik)m(ely)f(to)i(b)s(e) |
| | 27636 | f(fairly)f(long-liv)m(ed,)g(in)h(whic)m(h)h(case)h(it)d(has)j(time)d |
| | 27637 | (to)h(fragmen)m(t)0 415 y(in)m(to)f(a)h(mesonic-)f(or)g(bary)m(onic-t)m |
| | 27638 | (yp)s(e)h(state,)h(whic)m(h)f(w)m(ould)g(deca)m(y)h(later)e(on.)44 |
| | 27639 | b(This)34 b(is)e(a)g(bit)g(tedious)0 523 y(to)g(handle;)g(therefore)h |
| | 27640 | (the)g(lepto)s(quark)f(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(assumed)g(to)f(deca)m(y)h(b) |
| | 27641 | s(efore)g(fragmen)m(tation)d(has)0 632 y(to)k(b)s(e)h(considered.)51 |
| | 27642 | b(This)35 b(ma)m(y)f(giv)m(e)h(some)f(imp)s(erfections)f(in)h(the)i(ev) |
| | 27643 | m(en)m(t)g(generation,)f(but)g(should)0 740 y(not)d(b)s(e)h(o\013)f(b)m |
| | 27644 | (y)i(m)m(uc)m(h)f(in)f(the)h(\014nal)f(analysis.)146 |
| | 27645 | 848 y(Inside)k(the)f(program,)g(the)g(lepto)s(quark)g(is)g(treated)g |
| | 27646 | (as)g(a)g(resonance.)52 b(Since)35 b(it)f(carries)h(colour,)0 |
| | 27647 | 957 y(some)e(extra)h(care)f(is)g(required.)46 b(In)33 |
| | 27648 | b(particular,)f(it)g(is)h(not)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)f(put)i(the)g(lepto) |
| | 27649 | s(quark)f(stable,)0 1065 y(b)m(y)47 b(mo)s(difying)c(either)i |
| | 27650 | Fq(MDCY\(39,1\))k Fw(or)c Fq(MSTP\(41\))p Fw(:)72 b(then)46 |
| | 27651 | b(the)g(lepto)s(quark)g(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(handed)0 1173 |
| | 27652 | y(undeca)m(y)m(ed)32 b(to)d Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)f(whic)m(h)i(w)m(ould)f |
| | 27653 | (try)h(to)e(fragmen)m(t)h(it)f(\(as)h(it)f(do)s(es)i(with)f(an)m(y)h |
| | 27654 | (other)f(coloured)0 1282 y(ob)5 b(ject\),)33 b(and)g(most)f(lik)m(ely)f |
| | 27655 | (crash.)0 1529 y Fo(8.5.4)112 b(Comp)s(ositeness)38 b(and)g(anomalous)g |
| | 27656 | (couplings)0 1702 y Fw(ISUB)33 b(=)99 1798 y(11)99 b(f)326 |
| | 27657 | 1813 y Fh(i)354 1798 y Fw(f)384 1813 y Fh(j)448 1798 |
| | 27658 | y Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)605 1813 y Fh(i)633 1798 y Fw(f)663 |
| | 27659 | 1813 y Fh(j)732 1798 y Fw(\(QCD\))99 1919 y(12)99 b(f)326 |
| | 27660 | 1934 y Fh(i)p 354 1839 37 4 v 354 1919 a Fw(f)391 1934 |
| | 27661 | y Fh(i)446 1919 y Fn(!)28 b Fw(f)604 1934 y Fh(k)p 646 |
| | 27662 | 1839 V 646 1919 a Fw(f)683 1934 y Fh(k)99 2039 y Fw(20)99 |
| | 27663 | b(f)326 2054 y Fh(i)p 354 1960 V 354 2039 a Fw(f)391 |
| | 27664 | 2054 y Fh(j)455 2039 y Fn(!)27 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(W)739 |
| | 27665 | 2003 y Fl(+)50 2159 y Fw(165)99 b(f)326 2174 y Fh(i)p |
| | 27666 | 354 2080 V 354 2159 a Fw(f)391 2174 y Fh(i)446 2159 y |
| | 27667 | Fn(!)28 b Fw(f)604 2174 y Fh(k)p 646 2080 V 646 2159 |
| | 27668 | a Fw(f)683 2174 y Fh(k)758 2159 y Fw(\(via)k Fj(\015)1012 |
| | 27669 | 2123 y Fk(\003)1051 2159 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1160 2123 y Fl(0)1199 |
| | 27670 | 2159 y Fw(\))50 2280 y(166)99 b(f)326 2295 y Fh(i)p 354 |
| | 27671 | 2201 V 354 2280 a Fw(f)391 2295 y Fh(j)455 2280 y Fn(!)27 |
| | 27672 | b Fw(f)612 2295 y Fh(k)p 654 2201 V 654 2280 a Fw(f)691 |
| | 27673 | 2295 y Fh(l)750 2280 y Fw(\(via)32 b(W)1049 2244 y Fk(\006)1108 |
| | 27674 | 2280 y Fw(\))146 2390 y(Some)41 b(pro)s(cesses)i(ha)m(v)m(e)f(b)s(een)g |
| | 27675 | (set)f(up)h(to)e(allo)m(w)g(anomalous)f(coupling)g(to)i(b)s(e)g(in)m |
| | 27676 | (tro)s(duced,)i(in)0 2498 y(addition)d(to)h(the)i(Standard)f(Mo)s(del)f |
| | 27677 | (ones.)72 b(These)43 b(can)f(b)s(e)g(switc)m(hed)h(on)f(b)m(y)i |
| | 27678 | Fq(MSTP\(5\))p Fn(\025)i Fw(1;)g(the)0 2606 y(default)32 |
| | 27679 | b Fq(MSTP\(5\)=0)j Fw(corresp)s(onds)f(to)e(the)h(Standard)g(Mo)s(del)f |
| | 27680 | (b)s(eha)m(viour.)146 2715 y(In)42 b(pro)s(cesses)i(11)c(and)i(12,)h |
| | 27681 | (the)f(quark)g(substructure)i(is)d(included)g(in)f(the)i(left{left)e |
| | 27682 | (isoscalar)0 2823 y(mo)s(del)46 b([Eic84,)h(Chi90])g(for)h |
| | 27683 | Fq(MSTP\(5\)=1)p Fw(,)54 b(with)47 b(comp)s(ositeness)h(scale)g(\003)f |
| | 27684 | (giv)m(en)h(in)f Fq(PARU\(155\))0 2931 y Fw(\(default)31 |
| | 27685 | b(1000)f(GeV\))h(and)h(sign)f Fj(\021)k Fw(of)c(in)m(terference)h(term) |
| | 27686 | f(in)g Fq(PARU\(156\))i Fw(\(default)e(+1;)g(only)g(other)0 |
| | 27687 | 3040 y(alternativ)m(e)47 b Fn(\000)p Fw(1\).)88 b(The)48 |
| | 27688 | b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(mo)s(del)e(assumes)j(that)e(only)g(u)g(and)h(d)f |
| | 27689 | (quarks)i(are)f(comp)s(osite)0 3148 y(\(at)35 b(least)h(at)f(the)i |
| | 27690 | (scale)e(studied\);)j(with)e Fq(MSTP\(5\)=2)i Fw(comp)s(ositeness)e |
| | 27691 | (terms)g(are)g(included)f(in)g(the)0 3257 y(in)m(teractions)d(b)s(et)m |
| | 27692 | (w)m(een)j(all)30 b(quarks.)146 3365 y(The)42 b(pro)s(cesses)h(165)e |
| | 27693 | (and)g(166)f(are)h(basically)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)40 |
| | 27694 | b(to)h(1)g(and)g(2,)i(i.e.)68 b Fj(\015)3192 3329 y Fk(\003)3232 |
| | 27695 | 3365 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3341 3329 y Fl(0)3421 3365 y Fw(and)41 |
| | 27696 | b(W)3720 3329 y Fk(\006)0 3473 y Fw(exc)m(hange,)27 b(resp)s(ectiv)m |
| | 27697 | (ely)-8 b(,)26 b(but)e(a)f(bit)g(less)g(fancy)h(\(no)g(mass-dep)s |
| | 27698 | (enden)m(t)h(width)e(etc.\).)41 b(The)24 b(reason)g(for)0 |
| | 27699 | 3582 y(this)30 b(duplication)e(is)h(that)h(the)h(resonance)g(treatmen)m |
| | 27700 | (t)f(formalism)d(of)j(pro)s(cesses)i(1)e(and)g(2)g(could)g(not)0 |
| | 27701 | 3690 y(easily)d(b)s(e)h(extended)i(to)e(include)g(other)g(than)g |
| | 27702 | Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)g(graphs.)42 b(In)28 b(pro)s(cesses)i(165)e(and)g |
| | 27703 | (166,)g(only)0 3798 y(one)i(\014nal-state)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(is)f |
| | 27704 | (generated)h(at)g(the)g(time;)f(this)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(should)g(b)s |
| | 27705 | (e)g(set)g(in)f Fq(KFPR\(165,1\))0 3907 y Fw(and)43 b |
| | 27706 | Fq(KFPR\(166,1\))p Fw(,)49 b(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)76 |
| | 27707 | b(F)-8 b(or)42 b(pro)s(cess)i(166)f(one)g(giv)m(es)h(the)f(do)m(wn-t)m |
| | 27708 | (yp)s(e)i(\015a)m(v)m(our,)h(and)0 4015 y(the)j(program)e(will)f(asso)s |
| | 27709 | (ciate)i(the)h(up-t)m(yp)s(e)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(of)f(the)h(same)f |
| | 27710 | (generation.)90 b(Defaults)47 b(are)0 4123 y(11)e(in)f(b)s(oth)i |
| | 27711 | (cases,)k(i.e.)81 b(e)1050 4087 y Fl(+)1110 4123 y Fw(e)1153 |
| | 27712 | 4087 y Fk(\000)1257 4123 y Fw(and)46 b(e)1503 4087 y |
| | 27713 | Fl(+)1562 4123 y Fj(\027)1610 4138 y Fl(e)1691 4123 y |
| | 27714 | Fw(\(e)1772 4087 y Fk(\000)p 1832 4070 55 4 v 1832 4123 |
| | 27715 | a Fj(\027)1886 4138 y Fl(e)1922 4123 y Fw(\))f(\014nal)f(states.)83 |
| | 27716 | b(While)45 b Fq(MSTP\(5\)=0)i Fw(giv)m(es)f(the)0 4232 |
| | 27717 | y(Standard)29 b(Mo)s(del)f(results,)j Fq(MSTP\(5\)=1)g |
| | 27718 | Fw(con)m(tains)e(the)g(left{left)e(isoscalar)h(mo)s(del)f(\(whic)m(h)i |
| | 27719 | (do)s(es)h(not)0 4340 y(a\013ect)25 b(pro)s(cess)i(166\),)e(and)h |
| | 27720 | Fq(MSTP\(5\)=3)h Fw(the)e(helicit)m(y-non-conserving)f(mo)s(del)g |
| | 27721 | (\(whic)m(h)h(a\013ects)h(b)s(oth\))0 4448 y([Eic84)o(,)31 |
| | 27722 | b(Lan91].)42 b(Both)31 b(mo)s(dels)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(assume)f(that)f |
| | 27723 | (only)g(u)h(and)f(d)h(quarks)h(are)f(comp)s(osite;)f(with)0 |
| | 27724 | 4557 y Fq(MSTP\(5\)=)f Fw(2)d(or)g(4,)i(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 27725 | b(,)29 b(con)m(tact)e(terms)f(are)h(included)f(for)g(all)e(quarks)k(in) |
| | 27726 | e(the)h(initial)c(state.)0 4665 y(P)m(arameters)33 b(are)g |
| | 27727 | Fq(PARU\(155\))i Fw(and)d Fq(PARU\(156\))p Fw(,)j(as)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.) |
| | 27728 | 146 4773 y(Note)i(that)g(pro)s(cesses)h(165)e(and)h(166)f(are)g(b)s(o)s |
| | 27729 | (okk)m(ept)i(as)f(2)c Fn(!)g Fw(2)j(pro)s(cesses,)j(while)d(1)g(and)h |
| | 27730 | (2)f(are)0 4882 y(2)i Fn(!)h Fw(1)g(ones.)60 b(This)38 |
| | 27731 | b(means)g(that)g(the)g(default)f(Q)1910 4845 y Fl(2)1988 |
| | 27732 | 4882 y Fw(scale)g(in)h(parton)f(distributions)g(is)g |
| | 27733 | Fj(p)3393 4845 y Fl(2)3393 4906 y Fk(?)3490 4882 y Fw(for)g(the)0 |
| | 27734 | 4990 y(former)c(and)38 b(^)-53 b Fj(s)34 b Fw(for)g(the)h(latter.)47 |
| | 27735 | b(T)-8 b(o)34 b(mak)m(e)g(con)m(tact)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)f(t)m(w)m |
| | 27736 | (o,)g(it)e(is)h(recommended)g(to)g(set)0 5098 y Fq(MSTP\(32\)=4)p |
| | 27737 | Fw(,)h(so)e(as)g(to)f(use)38 b(^)-53 b Fj(s)32 b Fw(as)h(scale)f(also)g |
| | 27738 | (for)g(pro)s(cesses)j(165)d(and)g(166.)146 5207 y(In)41 |
| | 27739 | b(pro)s(cess)h(20,)g(for)e(W)q Fj(\015)46 b Fw(pair)39 |
| | 27740 | b(pro)s(duction,)j(it)e(is)f(p)s(ossible)h(to)g(set)i(an)e(anomalous)f |
| | 27741 | (magnetic)0 5315 y(momen)m(t)26 b(for)h(the)h(W)h(in)d |
| | 27742 | Fq(PARU\(153\))k Fw(\(=)d Fj(\021)32 b Fw(=)27 b Fj(\024)11 |
| | 27743 | b Fn(\000)g Fw(1;)30 b(where)f Fj(\024)f Fw(=)f(1)g(is)g(the)h |
| | 27744 | (Standard)f(Mo)s(del)g(v)-5 b(alue\).)0 5423 y(The)35 |
| | 27745 | b(pro)s(duction)f(pro)s(cess)i(is)d(a\013ected)j(according)d(to)h(the)h |
| | 27746 | (form)m(ulae)e(of)h([Sam91)o(],)h(while)e(W)j(deca)m(y)0 |
| | 27747 | 5532 y(curren)m(tly)d(remains)f(una\013ected.)45 b(It)32 |
| | 27748 | b(is)g(necessary)j(to)e(set)g Fq(MSTP\(5\)=1)i Fw(to)d(enable)g(this)h |
| | 27749 | (extension.)1817 5953 y(135)p eop |
| | 27750 | %%Page: 136 142 |
| | 27751 | 136 141 bop 0 -18 a Fo(8.5.5)112 b(Excited)36 b(fermions)0 |
| | 27752 | 154 y Fw(ISUB)d(=)50 250 y(147)99 b(dg)29 b Fn(!)e Fw(d)609 |
| | 27753 | 214 y Fk(\003)50 371 y Fw(148)99 b(ug)29 b Fn(!)e Fw(u)609 |
| | 27754 | 335 y Fk(\003)50 491 y Fw(167)99 b(qq)398 455 y Fk(0)450 |
| | 27755 | 491 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(q)628 455 y Fk(00)671 491 y Fw(d)725 |
| | 27756 | 455 y Fk(\003)50 612 y Fw(168)99 b(qq)398 575 y Fk(0)450 |
| | 27757 | 612 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(q)628 575 y Fk(00)671 612 y Fw(u)725 |
| | 27758 | 575 y Fk(\003)146 722 y Fw(Comp)s(ositeness)32 b(scenarios)g(ma)m(y)g |
| | 27759 | (also)e(giv)m(e)i(rise)f(to)h(sharp)g(resonances)h(of)e(excited)h |
| | 27760 | (quarks)h(and)0 830 y(leptons.)55 b(If)43 b Fq(MSTP\(6\)=1)p |
| | 27761 | Fw(,)d(then)d(at)f(initialization)30 b(the)37 b(standard)g(fourth)f |
| | 27762 | (generation)g(of)g(fermions)0 938 y(will)g(b)s(e)j(o)m(v)m(erwritten,)i |
| | 27763 | (and)e(made)f(to)g(corresp)s(ond)h(to)g(an)f(excited)h(cop)m(y)h(of)e |
| | 27764 | (the)h(\014rst)g(generation,)0 1047 y(consisting)30 b(of)g(spin)h(1)p |
| | 27765 | Fj(=)p Fw(2)f(particles)g(d)1383 1010 y Fk(\003)1454 |
| | 27766 | 1047 y Fw(\(co)s(de)h(7\),)g(u)1914 1010 y Fk(\003)1984 |
| | 27767 | 1047 y Fw(\(8\),)g(e)2210 1010 y Fk(\003)2280 1047 y |
| | 27768 | Fw(\(17\))g(and)g Fj(\027)2727 1010 y Fk(\003)2721 1071 |
| | 27769 | y Fl(e)2797 1047 y Fw(\(18\).)43 b(Since)31 b(the)g(original)0 |
| | 27770 | 1155 y(fourth-generation)d(information)e(is)i(lost,)h(it)f(is)h(then)g |
| | 27771 | (not)g(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(generate)h(fourth-generation)0 |
| | 27772 | 1263 y(particles)i(in)g(the)h(same)f(run.)146 1372 y(The)45 |
| | 27773 | b(curren)m(t)g(implemen)m(tation)c(con)m(tains)j(gauge)g(in)m |
| | 27774 | (teraction)f(pro)s(duction)g(b)m(y)i(quark{gluon)0 1480 |
| | 27775 | y(fusion)g(\(pro)s(cesses)i(147)d(and)h(148\))g(and)g(con)m(tact)h(in)m |
| | 27776 | (teraction)e(pro)s(duction)g(b)m(y)i(quark{quark)h(or)0 |
| | 27777 | 1588 y(quark{an)m(tiquark)h(scattering)f(\(pro)s(cesses)i(167)e(and)g |
| | 27778 | (168\))g(.)87 b(The)48 b(couplings)f Fj(f)11 b Fw(,)50 |
| | 27779 | b Fj(f)3286 1552 y Fk(0)3356 1588 y Fw(and)e Fj(f)3609 |
| | 27780 | 1603 y Fh(s)3693 1588 y Fw(to)0 1697 y(the)41 b Fo(SU\(2\))p |
| | 27781 | Fw(,)i Fo(U\(1\))d Fw(and)h Fo(SU\(3\))f Fw(groups)h(are)g(stored)h(in) |
| | 27782 | e Fq(PARU\(157\))53 b(-)f(PARU\(159\))p Fw(,)45 b(the)c(scale)0 |
| | 27783 | 1805 y(parameter)33 b(\003)g(in)f Fq(PARU\(155\))p Fw(;)k(y)m(ou)e(are) |
| | 27784 | f(also)g(exp)s(ected)i(to)e(c)m(hange)h(the)g(f)2805 |
| | 27785 | 1769 y Fk(\003)2877 1805 y Fw(masses)g(in)e(accordance)0 |
| | 27786 | 1913 y(with)d(what)h(is)g(desired)g(|)f(see)i([Bau90])f(for)f(details)g |
| | 27787 | (on)g(con)m(v)m(en)m(tions.)45 b(Deca)m(y)30 b(pro)s(cesses)i(are)e(of) |
| | 27788 | f(the)0 2022 y(t)m(yp)s(es)37 b(q)312 1985 y Fk(\003)384 |
| | 27789 | 2022 y Fn(!)c Fw(qg)q(,)j(q)732 1985 y Fk(\003)805 2022 |
| | 27790 | y Fn(!)c Fw(q)p Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)37 b(q)1159 1985 y Fk(\003)1231 |
| | 27791 | 2022 y Fn(!)c Fw(qZ)1475 1985 y Fl(0)1550 2022 y Fw(or)i(q)1723 |
| | 27792 | 1985 y Fk(\003)1795 2022 y Fn(!)d Fw(q)1978 1985 y Fk(0)2002 |
| | 27793 | 2022 y Fw(W)2103 1985 y Fk(\006)2163 2022 y Fw(.)52 b(A)35 |
| | 27794 | b(non-trivial)e(angular)h(dep)s(endence)k(is)0 2130 y(included)25 |
| | 27795 | b(in)f(the)i(q)701 2094 y Fk(\003)766 2130 y Fw(deca)m(y)g(for)f(pro)s |
| | 27796 | (cesses)i(147)e(and)g(148,)h(but)f(has)h(not)f(b)s(een)h(included)f |
| | 27797 | (for)f(pro)s(cesses)0 2238 y(167)32 b(and)h(168.)0 2486 |
| | 27798 | y Fo(8.5.6)112 b(T)-9 b(ec)m(hnicolor)0 2659 y Fw(ISUB)33 |
| | 27799 | b(=)50 2770 y(149)99 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fj(\021)598 2785 |
| | 27800 | y Fl(tec)n(hni)146 2875 y Fw(The)44 b(tec)m(hnicolor)e(scenario)h |
| | 27801 | (o\013ers)h(an)e(alternativ)m(e)h(to)f(the)h(ordinary)g(Higgs)f(mec)m |
| | 27802 | (hanism)g(for)0 2984 y(giving)f(masses)j(to)f(the)h(W)g(and)f(Z.)75 |
| | 27803 | b(The)44 b(tec)m(hnicolor)f(gauge)f(group)h(is)g(an)g(analogue)f(of)h |
| | 27804 | (QCD,)0 3092 y(with)29 b(a)f(ric)m(h)h(sp)s(ectrum)h(of)e(tec)m |
| | 27805 | (hnimesons)i(made)f(out)g(of)f(tec)m(hniquarks.)44 b(Three)30 |
| | 27806 | b(of)f(the)g(tec)m(hnipions)0 3200 y(assume)34 b(the)h(role)e(of)g(the) |
| | 27807 | h(longitudinal)d(comp)s(onen)m(ts)j(of)f(the)i(W)g(and)f(Z)f(b)s |
| | 27808 | (osons,)i(but)f(man)m(y)g(other)0 3309 y(states)24 b(remain)d(as)i |
| | 27809 | (separate)g(particles.)40 b(No)22 b(fully)g(realistic)e(mo)s(del)h(has) |
| | 27810 | j(b)s(een)f(found)g(so)g(far,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)0 3417 |
| | 27811 | y(so)33 b(an)m(y)g(phenomenology)f(has)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(tak)m(en)h(as)e |
| | 27812 | (indicativ)m(e)g(only)-8 b(.)146 3525 y(In)29 b(section)f(8.4.2)f(it)g |
| | 27813 | (is)h(discussed)h(ho)m(w)g(pro)s(cesses)h(71{77,)e(in)f(some)h(of)f |
| | 27814 | (its)h(options,)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(used)0 3634 y(to)k(sim)m(ulate)f(a)i |
| | 27815 | (scenario)f(with)g(tec)m(hni-)p Fj(\032)h Fw(resonances)h(in)e |
| | 27816 | (longitudinal)d(gauge)k(b)s(oson)f(scattering.)146 3742 |
| | 27817 | y(Here)25 b(w)m(e)g(presen)m(t)h(another)e(pro)s(cess,)j(that)d(of)g |
| | 27818 | (the)g(pro)s(duction)f(of)h(a)g(tec)m(hni-)p Fj(\021)t |
| | 27819 | Fw(.)40 b(This)24 b(particle)f(has)0 3851 y(zero)38 b(spin,)h(is)f(a)f |
| | 27820 | (singlet)g(under)h(electro)m(w)m(eak)i Fo(SU\(2\))p Fn(\002)p |
| | 27821 | Fo(U\(1\))p Fw(,)e(but)g(carries)g(o)s(ctet)g(colour)f(c)m(harge.)0 |
| | 27822 | 3959 y(It)30 b(is)f(one)h(of)g(the)g(p)s(ossible)f(tec)m(hni-)p |
| | 27823 | Fj(\031)34 b Fw(particles;)c(the)g(name)g(tec)m(hni-)p |
| | 27824 | Fj(\021)j Fw(is)d(part)f(of)h(a)f(sub)s(classi\014cation)0 |
| | 27825 | 4067 y(not)j(used)i(b)m(y)g(all)c(authors.)146 4176 y(The)d(tec)m(hni-) |
| | 27826 | p Fj(\021)i Fw(couples)e(to)e(ordinary)g(fermions)g(according)g(to)h |
| | 27827 | (the)g(fermion)e(squared)j(mass.)42 b(The)0 4284 y(dominan)m(t)c(deca)m |
| | 27828 | (y)i(mo)s(de)e(is)h(therefore)g(t)p 1547 4213 38 4 v(t,)i(if)d(allo)m |
| | 27829 | (w)m(ed.)62 b(The)39 b(coupling)f(to)h(a)f(gg)i(state)g(is)e(roughly)0 |
| | 27830 | 4392 y(comparable)e(with)h(that)h(to)f(b)p 1147 4313 |
| | 27831 | 55 4 v(b.)59 b(Pro)s(duction)37 b(at)g(hadron)h(colliders)d(is)j |
| | 27832 | (therefore)g(predominan)m(tly)0 4501 y(through)33 b(gg)g(fusion,)f(as)h |
| | 27833 | (implemen)m(ted)e(in)h(pro)s(cess)i(149.)146 4609 y(The)g(t)m(w)m(o)f |
| | 27834 | (main)e(free)h(parameters)h(are)f(the)h(tec)m(hni-)p |
| | 27835 | Fj(\021)j Fw(mass)c(and)h(the)g(deca)m(y)h(constan)m(t)f |
| | 27836 | Fj(F)3494 4624 y Fh(\031)3541 4609 y Fw(.)44 b(The)0 |
| | 27837 | 4717 y(latter)25 b(app)s(ears)i(in)m(v)m(ersely)g(quadratically)e(in)g |
| | 27838 | (all)f(the)j(partial)d(widths.)42 b(Also)26 b(the)g(total)f(cross)i |
| | 27839 | (section)0 4826 y(is)39 b(a\013ected,)i(since)f(the)g(cross)g(section)f |
| | 27840 | (is)g(prop)s(ortional)d(to)j(the)h(gg)g(partial)d(width.)63 |
| | 27841 | b Fj(F)3328 4841 y Fh(\031)3414 4826 y Fw(is)39 b(stored)0 |
| | 27842 | 4934 y(in)34 b Fq(PARP\(46\))i Fw(and)e(has)h(the)g(default)e(v)-5 |
| | 27843 | b(alue)34 b(123)g(GeV,)g(whic)m(h)h(is)f(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h |
| | 27844 | (predicted)g(in)f(some)0 5042 y(mo)s(dels.)0 5316 y Fp(8.6)135 |
| | 27845 | b(Main)45 b(Pro)t(cesses)h(b)l(y)e(Mac)l(hine)0 5489 |
| | 27846 | y Fw(In)k(the)h(previous)g(section)f(w)m(e)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(already)f |
| | 27847 | (commen)m(ted)g(on)g(whic)m(h)h(pro)s(cesses)h(ha)m(v)m(e)f(limited)0 |
| | 27848 | 5597 y(v)-5 b(alidit)m(y)d(,)37 b(or)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(di\013eren)m(t)e |
| | 27849 | (meanings)g(\(according)g(to)g(con)m(v)m(en)m(tional)g(terminology\))f |
| | 27850 | (in)g(di\013eren)m(t)1817 5953 y(136)p eop |
| | 27851 | %%Page: 137 143 |
| | 27852 | 137 142 bop 0 -18 a Fw(con)m(texts.)78 b(Let)43 b(us)h(just)g(rep)s |
| | 27853 | (eat)f(a)g(few)h(of)f(the)h(main)d(p)s(oin)m(ts)i(to)g(b)s(e)h(remem)m |
| | 27854 | (b)s(ered)f(for)g(di\013eren)m(t)0 90 y(mac)m(hines.)0 |
| | 27855 | 338 y Fo(8.6.1)112 b Fw(e)385 301 y Fl(+)445 338 y Fw(e)488 |
| | 27856 | 301 y Fk(\000)585 338 y Fo(collisions)0 510 y Fw(The)46 |
| | 27857 | b(main)c(annihilation)f(pro)s(cess)46 b(is)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(1,)j(e) |
| | 27858 | 2018 474 y Fl(+)2077 510 y Fw(e)2120 474 y Fk(\000)2228 |
| | 27859 | 510 y Fn(!)g Fw(Z)2436 474 y Fl(0)2475 510 y Fw(,)f(where)f(in)e(fact)g |
| | 27860 | (the)h(full)e Fj(\015)3592 474 y Fk(\003)3632 510 y Fj(=)p |
| | 27861 | Fw(Z)3741 474 y Fl(0)0 619 y Fw(in)m(terference)25 b(structure)g(is)e |
| | 27862 | (included.)40 b(This)24 b(pro)s(cess)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(used,)j(with)c |
| | 27863 | (some)g(con\014dence,)28 b(for)23 b(c.m.)0 727 y(energies)41 |
| | 27864 | b(from)e(ab)s(out)h(4)g(GeV)h(up)m(w)m(ards,)j(i.e.)67 |
| | 27865 | b(at)40 b(DORIS/CESR,)h(PETRA/PEP)-8 b(,)42 b(TRIST)-8 |
| | 27866 | b(AN,)0 835 y(LEP)g(,)29 b(and)g(an)m(y)g(future)g(linear)e(colliders.) |
| | 27867 | 40 b(\(T)-8 b(o)29 b(get)f(b)s(elo)m(w)g(10)g(GeV,)h(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m |
| | 27868 | (e)h(to)e(c)m(hange)i Fq(PARP\(2\))p Fw(,)0 944 y(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.\)) |
| | 27869 | 44 b(This)29 b(is)e(the)i(default)e(pro)s(cess)j(obtained)d(when)i |
| | 27870 | Fq(MSEL=1)p Fw(,)i(i.e.)42 b(when)29 b(y)m(ou)g(do)f(not)g(c)m(hange)0 |
| | 27871 | 1052 y(an)m(ything)k(y)m(ourself.)146 1160 y(Pro)s(cess)j(141)e(con)m |
| | 27872 | (tains)g(a)g(Z)1204 1124 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1262 1160 y Fw(,)h(including)d |
| | 27873 | (full)h(in)m(terference)i(with)f(the)h(standard)g Fj(\015)3300 |
| | 27874 | 1124 y Fk(\003)3339 1160 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3448 1124 y Fl(0)3487 |
| | 27875 | 1160 y Fw(.)46 b(With)0 1269 y(the)41 b(v)-5 b(alue)40 |
| | 27876 | b Fq(MSTP\(44\)=4)j Fw(in)c(fact)h(one)h(is)f(bac)m(k)h(at)f(the)h |
| | 27877 | (standard)g Fj(\015)2612 1233 y Fk(\003)2651 1269 y Fj(=)p |
| | 27878 | Fw(Z)2760 1233 y Fl(0)2839 1269 y Fw(structure,)j(i.e.)67 |
| | 27879 | b(the)40 b(Z)3721 1233 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)0 1377 y Fw(piece)f(has)h(b)s(een) |
| | 27880 | f(switc)m(hed)i(o\013.)62 b(Ev)m(en)41 b(so,)g(this)d(pro)s(cess)j(ma)m |
| | 27881 | (y)d(b)s(e)i(useful,)g(since)g(it)e(can)h(sim)m(ulate)0 |
| | 27882 | 1485 y(e.g.)77 b(e)266 1449 y Fl(+)326 1485 y Fw(e)369 |
| | 27883 | 1449 y Fk(\000)475 1485 y Fn(!)47 b Fw(H)695 1449 y Fl(0)734 |
| | 27884 | 1485 y Fw(A)807 1449 y Fl(0)847 1485 y Fw(.)77 b(Since)44 |
| | 27885 | b(the)g(H)1469 1449 y Fl(0)1552 1485 y Fw(ma)m(y)g(in)f(its)g(turn)h |
| | 27886 | (deca)m(y)i(to)d(Z)2748 1449 y Fl(0)2787 1485 y Fw(Z)2847 |
| | 27887 | 1449 y Fl(0)2886 1485 y Fw(,)k(a)c(deca)m(y)j(c)m(hannel)e(of)0 |
| | 27888 | 1594 y(the)34 b(ordinary)e(Z)622 1558 y Fl(0)694 1594 |
| | 27889 | y Fw(to)h(H)887 1558 y Fl(0)926 1594 y Fw(A)999 1558 |
| | 27890 | y Fl(0)1039 1594 y Fw(,)g(although)f(ph)m(ysically)h(correct,)h(w)m |
| | 27891 | (ould)f(b)s(e)g(tec)m(hnically)f(confusing.)45 b(In)0 |
| | 27892 | 1702 y(particular,)30 b(it)h(w)m(ould)h(b)s(e)g(messy)g(to)g(set)g(the) |
| | 27893 | h(original)28 b(Z)2122 1666 y Fl(0)2193 1702 y Fw(to)j(deca)m(y)i(one)f |
| | 27894 | (w)m(a)m(y)h(and)f(the)g(subsequen)m(t)0 1810 y(ones)37 |
| | 27895 | b(another.)56 b(So,)37 b(in)f(this)g(sense,)k(the)d(Z)1623 |
| | 27896 | 1774 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1717 1810 y Fw(could)g(b)s(e)f(used)i(as)f(a)f(cop)m |
| | 27897 | (y)i(of)e(the)h(ordinary)f(Z)3530 1774 y Fl(0)3569 1810 |
| | 27898 | y Fw(,)h(but)0 1919 y(with)32 b(a)g(distinguishable)f(lab)s(el.)146 |
| | 27899 | 2027 y(The)39 b(pro)s(cess)h(e)741 1991 y Fl(+)800 2027 |
| | 27900 | y Fw(e)843 1991 y Fk(\000)939 2027 y Fn(!)d Fw(\007)h(do)s(es)g(not)g |
| | 27901 | (exist)h(as)f(a)g(separate)g(pro)s(cess)i(in)d Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 27902 | Fw(,)j(but)e(can)g(b)s(e)0 2135 y(sim)m(ulated)31 b(b)m(y)j(using)f |
| | 27903 | Fq(LUONIA)p Fw(,)i(see)e(section)g(6.2.)146 2244 y(A)m(t)k(LEP)f(2)g |
| | 27904 | (and)g(ev)m(en)h(higher)e(energy)i(mac)m(hines,)g(the)f(simple)f |
| | 27905 | Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)h(pro)s(cess)h(1)e(will)f(lose)0 |
| | 27906 | 2352 y(out)44 b(to)g(other)g(pro)s(cesses,)49 b(suc)m(h)d(as)e(e)1451 |
| | 27907 | 2316 y Fl(+)1511 2352 y Fw(e)1554 2316 y Fk(\000)1661 |
| | 27908 | 2352 y Fn(!)j Fw(Z)1868 2316 y Fl(0)1907 2352 y Fw(Z)1967 |
| | 27909 | 2316 y Fl(0)2050 2352 y Fw(and)d(e)2294 2316 y Fl(+)2354 |
| | 27910 | 2352 y Fw(e)2397 2316 y Fk(\000)2503 2352 y Fn(!)k Fw(W)2752 |
| | 27911 | 2316 y Fl(+)2811 2352 y Fw(W)2912 2316 y Fk(\000)2972 |
| | 27912 | 2352 y Fw(,)f(i.e.)78 b(pro)s(cesses)46 b(22)0 2460 y(and)33 |
| | 27913 | b(25.)43 b(The)33 b(former)f(pro)s(cess)h(in)f(fact)g(includes)h(the)g |
| | 27914 | (structure)g(e)2518 2424 y Fl(+)2578 2460 y Fw(e)2621 |
| | 27915 | 2424 y Fk(\000)2708 2460 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(\()p Fj(\015)2929 |
| | 27916 | 2424 y Fk(\003)2968 2460 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3077 2424 y Fl(0)3116 |
| | 27917 | 2460 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(\015)3248 2424 y Fk(\003)3288 2460 |
| | 27918 | y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3397 2424 y Fl(0)3435 2460 y Fw(\),)33 |
| | 27919 | b(whic)m(h)0 2569 y(means)40 b(that)f(the)h(cross)g(section)g(is)f |
| | 27920 | (singular)f(if)g(either)i(of)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g Fj(\015)2679 |
| | 27921 | 2533 y Fk(\003)2718 2569 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2827 2533 y Fl(0)2906 |
| | 27922 | 2569 y Fw(masses)g(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)0 2677 y(v)-5 |
| | 27923 | b(anish.)56 b(A)36 b(mass)h(cut)g(therefore)h(needs)g(to)e(b)s(e)h(in)m |
| | 27924 | (tro)s(duced,)h(and)f(is)f(actually)g(also)f(used)j(in)e(other)0 |
| | 27925 | 2785 y(pro)s(cesses,)f(suc)m(h)f(as)f(e)832 2749 y Fl(+)891 |
| | 27926 | 2785 y Fw(e)934 2749 y Fk(\000)1021 2785 y Fn(!)27 b |
| | 27927 | Fw(W)1249 2749 y Fl(+)1309 2785 y Fw(W)1410 2749 y Fk(\000)1470 |
| | 27928 | 2785 y Fw(.)146 2894 y(F)-8 b(or)41 b(practical)e(applications,)j(b)s |
| | 27929 | (oth)e(with)h(resp)s(ect)i(to)d(cross)i(sections)g(and)f(to)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 27930 | (t)i(shap)s(es,)0 3002 y(it)g(is)h(imp)s(erativ)m(e)f(to)g(include)h |
| | 27931 | (initial-state)d(radiation)g(e\013ects.)80 b(Therefore)46 |
| | 27932 | b Fq(MSTP\(11\)=1)g Fw(is)e(the)0 3111 y(default,)33 |
| | 27933 | b(wherein)g(exp)s(onen)m(tiated)h(electron-inside-electron)e |
| | 27934 | (distributions)g(are)h(used)h(to)f(giv)m(e)g(the)0 3219 |
| | 27935 | y(momen)m(tum)41 b(of)i(the)g(actually)e(in)m(teracting)h(electron.)74 |
| | 27936 | b(By)43 b(radiativ)m(e)e(corrections)i(to)g(pro)s(cess)h(1,)0 |
| | 27937 | 3327 y(suc)m(h)37 b(pro)s(cesses)g(as)e(e)812 3291 y |
| | 27938 | Fl(+)871 3327 y Fw(e)914 3291 y Fk(\000)1006 3327 y Fn(!)d |
| | 27939 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(Z)1254 3291 y Fl(0)1328 3327 y Fw(are)35 |
| | 27940 | b(therefore)g(automatically)d(generated.)52 b(If)35 b(pro)s(cess)i(19)d |
| | 27941 | (w)m(ere)0 3436 y(to)f(b)s(e)g(used)h(at)f(the)h(same)f(time,)f(this)h |
| | 27942 | (w)m(ould)g(mean)f(that)h(radiation)e(w)m(ere)k(to)d(b)s(e)i |
| | 27943 | (double-coun)m(ted.)0 3544 y(In)i(the)h(alternativ)m(e)e |
| | 27944 | Fq(MSTP\(11\)=0)p Fw(,)40 b(electrons)c(are)g(assumed)h(to)e(dep)s |
| | 27945 | (osit)h(their)g(full)e(energy)j(in)e(the)0 3652 y(hard)f(pro)s(cess,)h |
| | 27946 | (i.e.)46 b(initial-state)30 b(QED)j(radiation)e(is)i(not)h(included.)46 |
| | 27947 | b(This)34 b(option)e(is)h(v)m(ery)i(useful,)0 3761 y(since)e(it)f |
| | 27948 | (often)g(corresp)s(onds)i(to)e(the)h(`ideal')e(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(that)e |
| | 27949 | (one)g(w)m(an)m(ts)h(to)e(correct)h(bac)m(k)h(to.)146 |
| | 27950 | 3869 y(Resolv)m(ed)f(electrons)g(also)e(means)h(that)g(one)g(ma)m(y)g |
| | 27951 | (ha)m(v)m(e)h(in)m(teractions)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(photons.)44 |
| | 27952 | b(This)0 3977 y(op)s(ens)27 b(up)h(the)f(whole)g(\014eld)f(of)h |
| | 27953 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)31 b Fw(pro)s(cesses,)g(whic)m(h)c(is)f(describ)s(ed)i |
| | 27954 | (in)e(section)h(8.3.2.)41 b(In)27 b(particular,)0 4086 |
| | 27955 | y(with)h Fq(MSTP\(12\)=1)k Fw(photons)d(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(resolv)m(ed,)i |
| | 27956 | (i.e.)41 b(photons)29 b(need)h(not)f(only)f(in)m(teract)g(p)s(oin)m |
| | 27957 | (t-lik)m(e,)0 4194 y(but)i(can)h(also)e(in)m(teract)h(lik)m(e)g(a)f |
| | 27958 | (hadron)i(with)e(a)h(partonic)g(substructure.)45 b(The)31 |
| | 27959 | b(whole)f(menagerie)f(of)0 4302 y(hadron{hadron)h(collider)f(pro)s |
| | 27960 | (cesses)k(can)d(then)i(b)s(e)f(accessed.)45 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33 |
| | 27961 | b(it)d(is)g(not)g(y)m(et)i(p)s(ossible)e(to)0 4411 y(include)25 |
| | 27962 | b(the)h(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)716 4426 y Fk(?)800 4411 y Fw(pro)s(cesses)i |
| | 27963 | (with)d(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)24 b(photon)i(energy)g(sp)s(ectrum.)42 |
| | 27964 | b(That)26 b(is,)h(to)e(generate)0 4519 y(the)33 b(`total')e |
| | 27965 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)38 b Fw(sp)s(ectrum,)33 b(the)g(program)e(also)h(has)h |
| | 27966 | (to)f(b)s(e)h(initialized)28 b(for)33 b(a)f Fj(\015)5 |
| | 27967 | b(\015)37 b Fw(collider.)146 4627 y(The)29 b(thrust)f(of)f(the)i |
| | 27968 | Fm(Pythia/Jetset)d Fw(programs)h(is)g(to)m(w)m(ards)i(pro)s(cesses)h |
| | 27969 | (that)d(in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)h(hadron)0 4736 y(pro)s(duction,)50 |
| | 27970 | b(one)e(w)m(a)m(y)g(or)f(another.)88 b(Because)49 b(of)d |
| | 27971 | (generalizations)g(from)g(other)h(areas,)k(also)c(a)0 |
| | 27972 | 4844 y(few)40 b(completely)e(non-hadronic)g(pro)s(cesses)k(are)d(a)m(v) |
| | 27973 | -5 b(ailable.)61 b(These)41 b(include)e(Bhabha)h(scattering,)0 |
| | 27974 | 4952 y(e)43 4916 y Fl(+)102 4952 y Fw(e)145 4916 y Fk(\000)255 |
| | 27975 | 4952 y Fn(!)50 b Fw(e)448 4916 y Fl(+)508 4952 y Fw(e)551 |
| | 27976 | 4916 y Fk(\000)656 4952 y Fw(in)45 b(pro)s(cess)i(10,)i(and)d(photon)g |
| | 27977 | (pair)f(pro)s(duction,)k(e)2654 4916 y Fl(+)2714 4952 |
| | 27978 | y Fw(e)2757 4916 y Fk(\000)2866 4952 y Fn(!)i Fj(\015)5 |
| | 27979 | b(\015)50 b Fw(in)c(pro)s(cess)h(18.)0 5061 y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33 |
| | 27980 | b(note)d(that)g(the)g(precision)f(that)h(could)g(b)s(e)g(exp)s(ected)h |
| | 27981 | (in)f(a)f Fm(Pythia)h Fw(sim)m(ulation)d(of)j(those)0 |
| | 27982 | 5169 y(pro)s(cesses)g(is)e(certainly)f(far)h(less)g(than)g(that)g(of)g |
| | 27983 | (dedicated)g(programs.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)27 b(one)i(thing,)f(electro)m(w)m |
| | 27984 | (eak)0 5277 y(lo)s(op)21 b(e\013ects)j(are)f(not)g(included.)40 |
| | 27985 | b(F)-8 b(or)22 b(another,)j(no)m(where)f(is)e(the)h(electron)g(mass)g |
| | 27986 | (tak)m(en)h(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t,)0 5386 y(whic)m(h)33 |
| | 27987 | b(means)g(that)f(explicit)f(cut-o\013s)i(at)f(some)h(minim)m(um)c |
| | 27988 | Fj(p)2327 5401 y Fk(?)2418 5386 y Fw(are)k(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(necessary)-8 |
| | 27989 | b(.)1817 5953 y(137)p eop |
| | 27990 | %%Page: 138 144 |
| | 27991 | 138 143 bop 0 -18 a Fo(8.6.2)112 b(Lepton{hadron)40 b(collisions)0 |
| | 27992 | 154 y Fw(The)34 b(issue)f(of)f(applications)e(to)i(ep)i(colliders)c |
| | 27993 | (has)j(b)s(een)h(co)m(v)m(ered)g(in)e(a)g(recen)m(t)i(rep)s(ort)f |
| | 27994 | ([Sj\177)-49 b(o92b)o(].)146 263 y(The)29 b(default)f(pro)s(cess)h(for) |
| | 27995 | f(a)g(lepton{hadron)f(collider)f(is)i(deep)h(inelastic)d(scattering,)j |
| | 27996 | Fj(`)p Fw(q)f Fn(!)f Fj(`)3654 226 y Fk(0)3678 263 y |
| | 27997 | Fw(q)3729 226 y Fk(0)3752 263 y Fw(,)0 371 y(of)36 b(pro)s(cess)i(10.) |
| | 27998 | 54 b(This)37 b(includes)f Fj(\015)1299 335 y Fl(0)1338 |
| | 27999 | 371 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1447 335 y Fl(0)1486 371 y Fj(=)p Fw(W)1636 |
| | 28000 | 335 y Fk(\006)1732 371 y Fw(exc)m(hange,)j(with)d(full)f(in)m |
| | 28001 | (terference,)j(as)f(describ)s(ed)g(in)0 479 y(section)i(8.3.3.)61 |
| | 28002 | b(Radiation)37 b(o\013)h(the)h(incoming)e(lepton)h(leg)g(is)g(included) |
| | 28003 | h(b)m(y)i Fq(MSTP\(11\)=1)g Fw(and)e(o\013)0 588 y(the)45 |
| | 28004 | b(outgoing)e(one)h(b)m(y)j Fq(MSTJ\(41\)=2)g Fw(\(b)s(oth)d(are)h |
| | 28005 | (default\).)78 b(Note)45 b(that)f(b)s(oth)g(QED)g(and)h(QCD)0 |
| | 28006 | 696 y(radiation)d(\(o\013)i(the)h(e)g(and)g(the)g(q)g(legs,)i(resp)s |
| | 28007 | (ectiv)m(ely\))f(are)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(mo)s(dify)f(the)i |
| | 28008 | Fj(x)g Fw(and)g Fj(Q)3740 660 y Fl(2)0 804 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 28009 | b(alues)38 b(of)f(the)i(pro)s(cess,)h(while)d(the)h(con)m(v)m(en)m |
| | 28010 | (tional)g(approac)m(h)h(in)e(the)h(literature)f(is)g(to)h(allo)m(w)e |
| | 28011 | (only)0 913 y(the)e(former.)44 b(Therefore)34 b(an)f(option)f(\(on)h(b) |
| | 28012 | m(y)h(default\))e(has)h(b)s(een)h(added)g(to)f(preserv)m(e)i(these)g(v) |
| | 28013 | -5 b(alues)0 1021 y(b)m(y)33 b(a)g(p)s(ost-facto)f(rescaling,)f |
| | 28014 | Fq(MSTP\(23\)=1)p Fw(.)146 1129 y(In)i(terms)g(of)f(cross)i(sections,)g |
| | 28015 | (a)e(more)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)f(set)j(of)e(pro)s(cesses)j(are)d(related)h |
| | 28016 | (to)f(photopro-)0 1238 y(duction,)g(either)g(with)f(a)h(p)s(oin)m |
| | 28017 | (t-lik)m(e)e(or)i(with)f(a)h(resolv)m(ed)h(photon,)f(see)h(section)f |
| | 28018 | (8.3.2.)43 b(A)32 b(complete)0 1346 y(description)c(of)f(photopro)s |
| | 28019 | (duction)g(is)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)25 b([Sc)m(h93)q(,)j(Sc)m(h93a],)h |
| | 28020 | (but)g(needs)g(three)g(separate)g(runs)0 1454 y(for)37 |
| | 28021 | b(the)h(three)g(distinct)e(b)s(eha)m(viours)i(of)f(a)g(photon:)53 |
| | 28022 | b(p)s(oin)m(t-lik)m(e,)37 b(VMD)g(resolv)m(ed)i(and)e(anomalous)0 |
| | 28023 | 1563 y(resolv)m(ed.)0 1810 y Fo(8.6.3)112 b(Hadron{hadron)39 |
| | 28024 | b(collisions)0 1983 y Fw(The)30 b(default)f(is)g(to)g(include)g(QCD)g |
| | 28025 | (jet)h(pro)s(duction)f(b)m(y)h(2)d Fn(!)h Fw(2)h(pro)s(cesses,)j(see)f |
| | 28026 | (section)e(8.2.1.)42 b(Since)0 2091 y(the)30 b(di\013eren)m(tial)f |
| | 28027 | (cross)h(section)h(is)e(div)m(ergen)m(t)i(for)e Fj(p)1924 |
| | 28028 | 2106 y Fk(?)2011 2091 y Fn(!)e Fw(0,)k(a)e(lo)m(w)m(er)h(cut-o\013)g |
| | 28029 | (has)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(in)m(tro)s(duced.)0 2200 y(Normally)43 |
| | 28030 | b(that)i(cut-o\013)g(is)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(the)g(user-set)h |
| | 28031 | Fj(p)2112 2215 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)2334 2200 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)44 |
| | 28032 | b(in)h Fq(CKIN\(3\))p Fw(.)84 b(If)52 b Fq(CKIN\(3\))47 |
| | 28033 | b Fw(is)0 2308 y(c)m(hosen)38 b(smaller)d(than)h(a)h(giv)m(en)f(v)-5 |
| | 28034 | b(alue)36 b(of)h(the)g(order)f(of)g(2)h(GeV)f(\(see)i |
| | 28035 | Fq(PARP\(81\))h Fw(and)d Fq(PARP\(82\))p Fw(\),)0 2416 |
| | 28036 | y(then)30 b(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)445 2431 y Fk(?)533 2416 y |
| | 28037 | Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(are)e(also)f(switc)m(hed)i(on.)43 b(The)30 |
| | 28038 | b(jet)g(cross)h(section)f(is)f(regularized)g(at)h(lo)m(w)f |
| | 28039 | Fj(p)3576 2431 y Fk(?)3635 2416 y Fw(,)h(so)0 2525 y(as)25 |
| | 28040 | b(to)g(obtain)f(a)g(smo)s(oth)g(joining)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(the)e |
| | 28041 | (high-)p Fj(p)2041 2540 y Fk(?)2124 2525 y Fw(and)g(the)h(lo)m(w-)p |
| | 28042 | Fj(p)2693 2540 y Fk(?)2776 2525 y Fw(descriptions,)g(see)g(further)0 |
| | 28043 | 2633 y(section)36 b(11.2.)52 b(As)36 b Fq(CKIN\(3\))h |
| | 28044 | Fw(is)e(v)-5 b(aried,)36 b(the)g(jump)f(from)f(one)i(scenario)g(to)f |
| | 28045 | (another)h(is)f(abrupt,)h(in)0 2741 y(terms)i(of)f(cross)i(section:)55 |
| | 28046 | b(in)37 b(a)g(high-energy)h(hadron)g(collider,)f(the)i(cross)g(section) |
| | 28047 | f(for)f(jets)i(do)m(wn)0 2850 y(to)34 b(a)g Fj(p)253 |
| | 28048 | 2865 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)464 2850 y Fw(scale)g(of)g(a)g(few)h(GeV)f(can)g |
| | 28049 | (w)m(ell)g(reac)m(h)h(v)-5 b(alues)34 b(m)m(uc)m(h)h(larger)e(than)i |
| | 28050 | (the)f(total)f(inelastic,)0 2958 y(non-di\013ractiv)m(e)40 |
| | 28051 | b(cross)i(section.)69 b(Clearly)40 b(this)h(is)f(nonsense;)47 |
| | 28052 | b(therefore)42 b(either)f Fj(p)3144 2973 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)3361 |
| | 28053 | 2958 y Fw(should)g(b)s(e)0 3067 y(pic)m(k)m(ed)d(so)f(large)e(that)i |
| | 28054 | (the)g(jet)g(cross)g(section)g(b)s(e)g(only)f(a)h(fraction)e(of)i(the)g |
| | 28055 | (total)e(one,)j(or)e(else)h(one)0 3175 y(should)32 b(select)i |
| | 28056 | Fj(p)625 3190 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)829 3175 y Fw(=)27 b(0)33 |
| | 28057 | b(and)f(mak)m(e)h(use)h(of)e(the)h(full)d(description.)146 |
| | 28058 | 3283 y(If)38 b(one)h(switc)m(hes)g(to)f Fq(MSEL=2)p Fw(,)j(also)c |
| | 28059 | (elastic)h(and)g(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(pro)s(cesses)j(are)e(switc)m(hed)i |
| | 28060 | (on,)f(see)0 3392 y(section)f(8.2.4.)58 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)41 |
| | 28061 | b(the)d(sim)m(ulation)d(of)i(these)i(pro)s(cesses)h(is)d(fairly)f |
| | 28062 | (primitiv)m(e,)h(and)h(should)0 3500 y(not)32 b(b)s(e)g(used)h(for)e |
| | 28063 | (dedicated)h(studies,)h(but)f(only)f(to)h(estimate)e(ho)m(w)j(m)m(uc)m |
| | 28064 | (h)f(they)h(ma)m(y)f(con)m(taminate)0 3608 y(the)h(class)g(of)f |
| | 28065 | (non-di\013ractiv)m(e)f(minim)m(um)f(bias)i(ev)m(en)m(ts.)146 |
| | 28066 | 3717 y(Most)38 b(pro)s(cesses)h(can)f(b)s(e)g(sim)m(ulated)e(in)g |
| | 28067 | (hadron)h(colliders,)g(since)h(the)g(bulk)f(of)44 b Fm(Pythia)37 |
| | 28068 | b Fw(pro-)0 3825 y(cesses)g(can)f(b)s(e)f(initiated)e(b)m(y)j(quarks)g |
| | 28069 | (or)f(gluons.)50 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)38 b(there)e(are)f(limits.)48 |
| | 28070 | b(Curren)m(tly)36 b(w)m(e)g(in-)0 3933 y(clude)30 b(no)h(photon)f(or)g |
| | 28071 | (lepton)g(parton)g(distributions,)f(whic)m(h)i(means)f(that)g(a)g(pro)s |
| | 28072 | (cess)i(lik)m(e)e Fj(\015)5 b Fw(q)28 b Fn(!)f Fj(\015)5 |
| | 28073 | b Fw(q)0 4042 y(is)38 b(not)f(accessible.)61 b(F)-8 b(urther,)40 |
| | 28074 | b(the)e(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e(of)i(ha)m(ving)f(Z)2304 4005 |
| | 28075 | y Fl(0)2381 4042 y Fw(and)i(W)2678 4005 y Fk(\006)2775 |
| | 28076 | 4042 y Fw(in)m(teracting)e(in)g(pro)s(cesses)0 4150 y(suc)m(h)d(as)f |
| | 28077 | (71{77)f(has)h(b)s(een)h(hardwired)f(pro)s(cess)h(b)m(y)g(pro)s(cess,)g |
| | 28078 | (and)f(do)s(es)h(not)f(mean)f(that)h(there)g(is)g(a)0 |
| | 28079 | 4258 y(generic)g(treatmen)m(t)f(of)g(Z)954 4222 y Fl(0)1026 |
| | 28080 | 4258 y Fw(and)g(W)1316 4222 y Fk(\006)1409 4258 y Fw(distributions.)146 |
| | 28081 | 4367 y(The)f(emphasis)g(in)e(the)i(hadron{hadron)f(pro)s(cess)h |
| | 28082 | (description)f(is)g(on)g(high)f(energy)j(hadron)e(col-)0 |
| | 28083 | 4475 y(liders.)41 b(The)28 b(program)e(can)h(b)s(e)h(used)g(also)e(at)h |
| | 28084 | (\014xed-target)h(energies,)h(but)e(the)h(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m(teraction) |
| | 28085 | 0 4583 y(mo)s(del)g(for)i(underlying)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(then)f(breaks)g |
| | 28086 | (do)m(wn)g(and)f(should)f(not)h(b)s(e)g(used.)43 b(The)28 |
| | 28087 | b(limit)23 b(of)k(appli-)0 4692 y(cabilit)m(y)f(is)h(somewhere)i(at)e |
| | 28088 | (around)h(100)f(GeV.)h(Belo)m(w)g(that,)g(one)g(is)f(also)g |
| | 28089 | (recommended)h(to)g(c)m(hange)0 4800 y(to)37 b Fq(MSTP\(92\)=3)p |
| | 28090 | Fw(,)42 b(to)37 b(obtain)f(a)i(reasonable)f(amoun)m(t)g(of)g(b)s(eam)g |
| | 28091 | (remnan)m(t)g(particle)f(pro)s(duction)h(in)0 4908 y(the)c(absence)h |
| | 28092 | (of)e(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(teractions.)1817 5953 y(138)p |
| | 28093 | eop |
| | 28094 | %%Page: 139 145 |
| | 28095 | 139 144 bop 0 -18 a Ft(9)161 b(The)53 b(PYTHIA)i(Program)e(Elemen)l(ts) |
| | 28096 | 0 189 y Fw(In)38 b(the)f(previous)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(sections,)h(the)e(ph)m |
| | 28097 | (ysics)i(pro)s(cesses)g(and)e(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t-generation)g(sc)m |
| | 28098 | (hemes)h(of)0 297 y Fm(Pythia)23 b Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f(presen)m |
| | 28099 | (ted.)42 b(Here,)26 b(\014nally)-8 b(,)24 b(the)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 28100 | (t-generation)g(routines)f(and)g(the)h(common)0 405 y(blo)s(c)m(k)i(v) |
| | 28101 | -5 b(ariables)26 b(are)g(describ)s(ed.)42 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)30 |
| | 28102 | b(routines)d(and)f(v)-5 b(ariables)26 b(related)g(to)g(initial-)c(and) |
| | 28103 | 27 b(\014nal-)0 514 y(state)38 b(sho)m(w)m(ers,)j(b)s(eam)c(remnan)m |
| | 28104 | (ts)i(and)e(underlying)h(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(and)d(fragmen)m(tation)e(and)h |
| | 28105 | (deca)m(y)i(are)0 622 y(relegated)i(to)g(subsequen)m(t)j(sections)e(on) |
| | 28106 | g(these)g(topics.)70 b(F)-8 b(urther,)43 b(for)e(historical)e(reasons,) |
| | 28107 | 44 b(man)m(y)0 730 y(adjustable)34 b(coupling)e(constan)m(ts)k(are)e |
| | 28108 | (found)g(in)f(the)i Fq(LUDAT1)g Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)h(in)f |
| | 28109 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)g(rather)0 839 y(than)27 b(somewhere)g(in)f(the)h |
| | 28110 | Fm(Pythia)f Fw(common)g(blo)s(c)m(ks;)j(these)e(parameters)g(are)f |
| | 28111 | (describ)s(ed)i(in)d(section)0 947 y(14.5.)146 1055 y(In)38 |
| | 28112 | b(the)h(presen)m(tation)f(in)f(this)g(section,)j(information)34 |
| | 28113 | b(less)39 b(imp)s(ortan)m(t)d(for)h(an)h(e\016cien)m(t)g(use)h(of)0 |
| | 28114 | 1164 y Fm(Pythia)23 b Fw(has)g(b)s(een)h(put)f(closer)g(to)f(the)i |
| | 28115 | (end.)41 b(W)-8 b(e)23 b(therefore)g(b)s(egin)f(with)h(the)g(main)e(ev) |
| | 28116 | m(en)m(t)k(generation)0 1272 y(routines,)33 b(and)f(follo)m(w)f(this)h |
| | 28117 | (b)m(y)i(the)f(main)e(common)g(blo)s(c)m(k)h(v)-5 b(ariables.)146 |
| | 28118 | 1380 y(It)43 b(is)g(useful)g(to)f(distinguish)g(three)h(phases)i(in)d |
| | 28119 | (a)g(normal)f(run)i(with)g Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)74 b(In)44 |
| | 28120 | b(the)f(\014rst)0 1489 y(phase,)36 b(the)f(initialization,)30 |
| | 28121 | b(the)35 b(general)f(c)m(haracter)h(of)f(the)h(run)g(is)f(determined.) |
| | 28122 | 50 b(A)m(t)34 b(a)h(minim)m(um,)0 1597 y(this)45 b(requires)h(the)g(sp) |
| | 28123 | s(eci\014cation)f(of)f(the)i(incoming)d(hadrons)j(and)f(the)h(energies) |
| | 28124 | g(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed.)82 b(A)m(t)0 1705 y(the)40 b(discretion)f(of)h |
| | 28125 | (the)g(user,)i(it)d(is)g(also)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)h(select)g(sp)s |
| | 28126 | (eci\014c)g(\014nal)f(states,)k(and)d(to)f(mak)m(e)0 |
| | 28127 | 1814 y(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(decisions)g(ab)s(out)g(details)f(in)h |
| | 28128 | (the)h(subsequen)m(t)i(generation.)60 b(This)39 b(step)g(is)f |
| | 28129 | (\014nished)0 1922 y(b)m(y)i(a)e Fq(PYINIT)j Fw(call,)d(at)h(whic)m(h)g |
| | 28130 | (time)f(sev)m(eral)h(v)-5 b(ariables)38 b(are)h(initialized)c(in)j |
| | 28131 | (accordance)i(with)e(the)0 2030 y(v)-5 b(alues)36 b(set.)55 |
| | 28132 | b(The)37 b(second)g(phase)g(consists)g(of)e(the)i(main)d(lo)s(op)h(o)m |
| | 28133 | (v)m(er)i(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)e(ev)m(en)m(ts,)40 |
| | 28134 | b(with)0 2139 y(eac)m(h)45 b(new)g(ev)m(en)m(t)g(b)s(eing)f(generated)g |
| | 28135 | (b)m(y)h(a)f Fq(PYEVNT)h Fw(call.)76 b(This)44 b(ev)m(en)m(t)i(ma)m(y)d |
| | 28136 | (then)i(b)s(e)f(analysed,)0 2247 y(using)33 b(information)c(stored)34 |
| | 28137 | b(in)e(some)g(common)g(blo)s(c)m(ks,)h(and)g(the)g(statistics)g(accum)m |
| | 28138 | (ulated.)44 b(In)33 b(the)0 2355 y(\014nal)f(phase,)i(results)f(are)g |
| | 28139 | (presen)m(ted.)47 b(This)33 b(ma)m(y)g(often)f(b)s(e)i(done)f(without)f |
| | 28140 | (the)i(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)d(of)i(an)m(y)0 2464 y Fm(Pythia)41 |
| | 28141 | b Fw(routines.)69 b(F)-8 b(rom)39 b Fq(PYSTAT)p Fw(,)k(ho)m(w)m(ev)m |
| | 28142 | (er,)i(it)40 b(is)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(obtain)f(a)g(useful)h(list)f(of) |
| | 28143 | h(cross)0 2572 y(sections)33 b(for)f(the)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(subpro)s |
| | 28144 | (cesses.)0 2846 y Fp(9.1)135 b(The)45 b(Main)g(Subroutines)0 |
| | 28145 | 3019 y Fw(There)32 b(are)f(t)m(w)m(o)g(routines)f(that)h(y)m(ou)g(m)m |
| | 28146 | (ust)g(kno)m(w:)44 b Fq(PYINIT)32 b Fw(for)e(initialization)25 |
| | 28147 | b(and)31 b Fq(PYEVNT)h Fw(for)e(the)0 3127 y(subsequen)m(t)38 |
| | 28148 | b(generation)d(of)f(eac)m(h)j(new)f(ev)m(en)m(t.)53 b(In)35 |
| | 28149 | b(addition,)f(the)i(cross)g(section)f(and)h(other)f(kinds)0 |
| | 28150 | 3235 y(of)47 b(information)d(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)44 b(with)j |
| | 28151 | Fq(PYSTAT)i Fw(are)e(frequen)m(tly)h(useful.)87 b(The)48 |
| | 28152 | b(other)g(three)g(routines)0 3344 y(describ)s(ed)33 b(here,)h |
| | 28153 | Fq(PYFRAM)p Fw(,)g Fq(PYKCUT)p Fw(,)g(and)f Fq(PYEVWT)p |
| | 28154 | Fw(,)h(are)f(of)f(more)g(sp)s(ecialized)f(in)m(terest.)p |
| | 28155 | 0 3488 1902 9 v 0 3713 9 225 v 79 3628 a Fq(CALL)52 b |
| | 28156 | (PYINIT\(FRAME,BEAM,TARGE)q(T,WI)q(N\))p 1893 3713 V |
| | 28157 | 0 3721 1902 9 v 0 3853 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)32 b(initialize)d(the)k |
| | 28158 | (generation)f(pro)s(cedure.)0 3961 y Fq(FRAME)53 b(:)113 |
| | 28159 | b Fw(a)35 b(c)m(haracter)h(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b(used)k(to)d(sp)s(ecify)i |
| | 28160 | (the)f(frame)f(of)h(the)g(exp)s(erimen)m(t.)52 b(Upp)s(er-case)472 |
| | 28161 | 4069 y(and)33 b(lo)m(w)m(er-case)g(letters)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(freely)g |
| | 28162 | (mixed.)236 4178 y Fq(=)52 b('CMS')g(:)c Fw(colliding)29 |
| | 28163 | b(b)s(eam)j(exp)s(erimen)m(t)h(in)f(c.m.)43 b(frame,)32 |
| | 28164 | b(with)h(b)s(eam)f(momen)m(tum)f(in)h(+)p Fj(z)709 4286 |
| | 28165 | y Fw(direction)f(and)i(target)f(momen)m(tum)f(in)h Fn(\000)p |
| | 28166 | Fj(z)38 b Fw(direction.)236 4394 y Fq(=)52 b('FIXT')h(:)47 |
| | 28167 | b Fw(\014xed-target)27 b(exp)s(erimen)m(t,)h(with)e(b)s(eam)g(particle) |
| | 28168 | f(momen)m(tum)g(p)s(oin)m(ting)g(in)h(+)p Fj(z)709 4503 |
| | 28169 | y Fw(direction.)236 4611 y Fq(=)52 b('USER')h(:)47 b |
| | 28170 | Fw(full)39 b(freedom)g(to)h(sp)s(ecify)h(frame)e(b)m(y)i(giving)e(b)s |
| | 28171 | (eam)h(momen)m(tum)e(in)i Fq(P\(1,1\))p Fw(,)709 4719 |
| | 28172 | y Fq(P\(1,2\))59 b Fw(and)f Fq(P\(1,3\))h Fw(and)f(target)g(momen)m |
| | 28173 | (tum)e(in)h Fq(P\(2,1\))p Fw(,)66 b Fq(P\(2,2\))59 b |
| | 28174 | Fw(and)709 4828 y Fq(P\(2,3\))48 b Fw(in)d(common)g(blo)s(c)m(k)h |
| | 28175 | Fq(LUJETS)p Fw(.)i(P)m(articles)e(are)g(assumed)i(on)e(the)h(mass)709 |
| | 28176 | 4936 y(shell,)31 b(and)i(energies)g(are)g(calculated)e(accordingly)-8 |
| | 28177 | b(.)236 5044 y Fq(=)52 b('FOUR')h(:)47 b Fw(as)h Fq('USER')p |
| | 28178 | Fw(,)h(except)g(also)d(energies)i(should)f(b)s(e)h(sp)s(eci\014ed,)k |
| | 28179 | (in)46 b Fq(P\(1,4\))j Fw(and)709 5153 y Fq(P\(2,4\))p |
| | 28180 | Fw(,)34 b(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)46 b(The)34 b(particles)e(need)i |
| | 28181 | (not)e(b)s(e)i(on)e(the)i(mass)f(shell;)f(e\013ec-)709 |
| | 28182 | 5261 y(tiv)m(e)j(masses)g(are)g(calculated)f(from)g(energy)i(and)f |
| | 28183 | (momen)m(tum.)49 b(\(But)35 b(note)g(that)709 5370 y(n)m(umerical)23 |
| | 28184 | b(precision)h(ma)m(y)h(su\013er;)j(if)c(y)m(ou)i(kno)m(w)g(the)f |
| | 28185 | (masses)h(the)f(option)f Fq('FIVE')709 5478 y Fw(b)s(elo)m(w)32 |
| | 28186 | b(is)g(preferrable.\))236 5586 y Fq(=)52 b('FIVE')h(:)47 |
| | 28187 | b Fw(as)32 b Fq('USER')p Fw(,)h(except)f(also)f(energies)h(and)f |
| | 28188 | (masses)h(should)f(b)s(e)h(sp)s(eci\014ed,)g(i.e)f(the)1817 |
| | 28189 | 5953 y(139)p eop |
| | 28190 | %%Page: 140 146 |
| | 28191 | 140 145 bop 709 -18 a Fw(full)28 b(momen)m(tum)h(information)e(in)i |
| | 28192 | Fq(P\(1,1\))53 b(-)f(P\(1,5\))31 b Fw(and)g Fq(P\(2,1\))52 |
| | 28193 | b(-)g(P\(2,5\))709 90 y Fw(should)32 b(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en)g(for)g(b)s |
| | 28194 | (eam)f(and)h(target,)g(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)44 b(P)m(articles)32 |
| | 28195 | b(need)h(not)f(b)s(e)709 207 y(on)38 b(the)i(mass)f(shell.)61 |
| | 28196 | b(Space-lik)m(e)39 b(virtualities)d(should)j(b)s(e)g(stored)h(as)f |
| | 28197 | Fn(\000)3467 126 y(p)p 3550 126 203 4 v 81 x(\000)p Fj(m)3712 |
| | 28198 | 178 y Fl(2)3752 207 y Fw(.)709 315 y(F)-8 b(our-momen)m(tum)30 |
| | 28199 | b(and)i(mass)h(information)c(m)m(ust)k(matc)m(h.)236 |
| | 28200 | 424 y Fq(=)52 b('NONE')h(:)47 b Fw(there)38 b(will)d(b)s(e)i(no)g |
| | 28201 | (initialization)32 b(of)37 b(an)m(y)h(pro)s(cesses,)i(but)e(only)e(of)h |
| | 28202 | (resonance)709 532 y(widths)44 b(and)h(a)f(few)h(other)f(pro)s |
| | 28203 | (cess-indep)s(enden)m(t)i(v)-5 b(ariables.)78 b(Subsequen)m(t)47 |
| | 28204 | b(to)709 640 y(suc)m(h)36 b(a)f(call,)g Fq(PYEVNT)i Fw(cannot)e(b)s(e)h |
| | 28205 | (used)g(to)f(generate)h(ev)m(en)m(ts,)i(so)e(this)f(option)f(is)709 |
| | 28206 | 749 y(mainly)i(in)m(tended)k(for)e(those)i(who)f(will)e(w)m(an)m(t)j |
| | 28207 | (to)e(construct)i(their)f(o)m(wn)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)709 857 |
| | 28208 | y(afterw)m(ards,)28 b(but)f(still)d(w)m(an)m(t)j(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g |
| | 28209 | (access)i(to)d(some)g(of)g(the)h Fm(Pythia)f Fw(facilities.)709 |
| | 28210 | 965 y(In)33 b(this)f(option,)f(the)i Fq(BEAM)p Fw(,)h |
| | 28211 | Fq(TARGET)g Fw(and)f Fq(WIN)g Fw(argumen)m(ts)g(are)f(dumm)m(y)-8 |
| | 28212 | b(.)0 1074 y Fq(BEAM,)53 b(TARGET)f(:)c Fw(c)m(haracter)c(v)-5 |
| | 28213 | b(ariables)41 b(to)i(sp)s(ecify)g(b)s(eam)f(and)h(target)f(particles.) |
| | 28214 | 74 b(Upp)s(er-case)472 1182 y(and)38 b(lo)m(w)m(er-case)g(letters)f(ma) |
| | 28215 | m(y)h(b)s(e)f(freely)g(mixed.)58 b(An)37 b(an)m(tiparticle)f(ma)m(y)h |
| | 28216 | (b)s(e)h(denoted)472 1290 y(either)e(b)m(y)h(`)p Fn(\030)p |
| | 28217 | Fw(')g(or)f(`bar')g(at)g(the)h(end)f(of)g(the)h(name.)54 |
| | 28218 | b(It)36 b(is)f(also)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(lea)m(v)m(e)h(out)472 |
| | 28219 | 1399 y(the)i(underscore)g(\(`)p 1210 1399 30 4 v 36 w('\))e(directly)h |
| | 28220 | (after)f(`n)m(u')i(in)e(neutrino)h(names,)h(and)f(the)g(c)m(harge)h |
| | 28221 | (for)472 1507 y(proton)33 b(and)f(neutron.)236 1615 y |
| | 28222 | Fq(=)52 b('e-')g(:)63 b Fw(electron.)236 1724 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 28223 | b('e+')g(:)63 b Fw(p)s(ositron.)236 1832 y Fq(=)52 b('nu)p |
| | 28224 | 498 1832 31 4 v 37 w(e')g(:)c Fj(\027)830 1847 y Fl(e)865 |
| | 28225 | 1832 y Fw(.)236 1941 y Fq(=)k('nu)p 498 1941 V 37 w(e)p |
| | 28226 | Fn(\030)p Fq(')h(:)p 859 1888 55 4 v 47 w Fj(\027)914 |
| | 28227 | 1956 y Fl(e)949 1941 y Fw(.)236 2049 y Fq(=)f('mu-')g(:)c |
| | 28228 | Fj(\026)804 2013 y Fk(\000)863 2049 y Fw(.)236 2157 y |
| | 28229 | Fq(=)k('mu+')g(:)c Fj(\026)804 2121 y Fl(+)863 2157 y |
| | 28230 | Fw(.)236 2266 y Fq(=)k('nu)p 498 2266 31 4 v 37 w(mu')h(:)47 |
| | 28231 | b Fj(\027)881 2281 y Fh(\026)928 2266 y Fw(.)236 2374 |
| | 28232 | y Fq(=)52 b('nu)p 498 2374 V 37 w(mu)p Fn(\030)p Fq(')h(:)p |
| | 28233 | 911 2321 55 4 v 48 w Fj(\027)965 2389 y Fh(\026)1012 |
| | 28234 | 2374 y Fw(.)236 2482 y Fq(=)f('tau-')h(:)47 b Fj(\034)849 |
| | 28235 | 2446 y Fk(\000)909 2482 y Fw(.)236 2591 y Fq(=)52 b('tau+')h(:)47 |
| | 28236 | b Fj(\034)849 2554 y Fl(+)909 2591 y Fw(.)236 2699 y |
| | 28237 | Fq(=)52 b('nu)p 498 2699 31 4 v 37 w(tau')h(:)47 b Fj(\027)932 |
| | 28238 | 2714 y Fh(\034)976 2699 y Fw(.)236 2807 y Fq(=)52 b('nu)p |
| | 28239 | 498 2807 V 37 w(tau)p Fn(\030)p Fq(')h(:)p 962 2754 55 |
| | 28240 | 4 v 48 w Fj(\027)1016 2822 y Fh(\034)1059 2807 y Fw(.)236 |
| | 28241 | 2916 y Fq(=)f('gamma')h(:)47 b Fw(photon)33 b(\(real,)f(i.e.)43 |
| | 28242 | b(on)32 b(the)h(mass)g(shell\).)236 3024 y Fq(=)52 b('pi0')g(:)c |
| | 28243 | Fj(\031)804 2988 y Fl(0)843 3024 y Fw(.)236 3132 y Fq(=)k('pi+')g(:)c |
| | 28244 | Fj(\031)804 3096 y Fl(+)863 3132 y Fw(.)236 3241 y Fq(=)k('pi-')g(:)c |
| | 28245 | Fj(\031)804 3204 y Fk(\000)863 3241 y Fw(.)236 3349 y |
| | 28246 | Fq(=)k('n0')g(:)63 b Fw(neutron.)236 3457 y Fq(=)52 b('n)p |
| | 28247 | Fn(\030)p Fq(0')h(:)47 b Fw(an)m(tineutron.)236 3566 |
| | 28248 | y Fq(=)52 b('p+')g(:)63 b Fw(proton.)236 3674 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 28249 | b('p)p Fn(\030)p Fq(-')h(:)47 b Fw(an)m(tiproton.)236 |
| | 28250 | 3782 y Fq(=)52 b('Lambda0')h(:)48 b Fw(\003)32 b(bary)m(on.)236 |
| | 28251 | 3891 y Fq(=)52 b('Sigma-')h(:)48 b Fw(\006)969 3855 y |
| | 28252 | Fk(\000)1061 3891 y Fw(bary)m(on.)236 3999 y Fq(=)k('Sigma0')h(:)48 |
| | 28253 | b Fw(\006)969 3963 y Fl(0)1041 3999 y Fw(bary)m(on.)236 |
| | 28254 | 4107 y Fq(=)k('Sigma+')h(:)48 b Fw(\006)969 4071 y Fl(+)1061 |
| | 28255 | 4107 y Fw(bary)m(on.)236 4216 y Fq(=)k('Xi-')g(:)c Fw(\004)810 |
| | 28256 | 4180 y Fk(\000)901 4216 y Fw(bary)m(on.)236 4324 y Fq(=)k('Xi0')g(:)c |
| | 28257 | Fw(\004)810 4288 y Fl(0)882 4324 y Fw(bary)m(on.)236 |
| | 28258 | 4432 y Fq(=)k('Omega-')h(:)48 b Fw(\012)969 4396 y Fk(\000)1061 |
| | 28259 | 4432 y Fw(bary)m(on.)236 4541 y Fq(=)k('pomeron')h(:)48 |
| | 28260 | b Fw(the)34 b(p)s(omeron)f(I)-17 b(P;)36 b(since)e(p)s(omeron)g(parton) |
| | 28261 | f(distribution)f(functions)i(ha)m(v)m(e)709 4649 y(not)e(b)s(een)h |
| | 28262 | (de\014ned)h(this)f(option)e(can)i(not)f(b)s(e)h(used)h(curren)m(tly)-8 |
| | 28263 | b(.)236 4757 y Fq(=)52 b('reggeon')h(:)48 b Fw(the)33 |
| | 28264 | b(reggeon)g(I)-17 b(R,)33 b(with)f(commen)m(ts)g(as)h(for)f(the)h(p)s |
| | 28265 | (omeron)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)0 4866 y Fq(WIN)52 b(:)216 |
| | 28266 | b Fw(related)33 b(to)f(energy)h(of)g(system,)g(exact)h(meaning)d(dep)s |
| | 28267 | (ends)j(on)e Fq(FRAME)p Fw(.)236 4974 y Fq(FRAME='CMS')54 |
| | 28268 | b(:)48 b Fw(total)31 b(energy)j(of)e(system)h(\(in)f(GeV\).)236 |
| | 28269 | 5082 y Fq(FRAME='FIXT')55 b(:)47 b Fw(momen)m(tum)31 |
| | 28270 | b(of)h(b)s(eam)g(particle)g(\(in)f(GeV/)p Fj(c)p Fw(\).)236 |
| | 28271 | 5191 y Fq(FRAME='USER')55 b(:)47 b Fw(dumm)m(y)32 b(\(information)e(is) |
| | 28272 | i(tak)m(en)h(from)f(the)h Fq(P)g Fw(v)m(ectors,)h(see)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
| | 28273 | (e\).)p 0 5341 723 9 v 0 5543 9 203 v 79 5472 a Fq(CALL)52 |
| | 28274 | b(PYEVNT)p 714 5543 V 0 5551 723 9 v 1817 5953 a Fw(140)p |
| | 28275 | eop |
| | 28276 | %%Page: 141 147 |
| | 28277 | 141 146 bop 0 -18 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)39 b(generate)h(one)f(ev) |
| | 28278 | m(en)m(t)i(of)e(the)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(b)m(y)g(the)g |
| | 28279 | Fq(PYINIT)h Fw(call.)62 b(\(This)39 b(is)g(the)472 90 |
| | 28280 | y(main)31 b(routine,)h(whic)m(h)i(calls)d(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f |
| | 28281 | (other)h(routines)f(for)g(sp)s(eci\014c)i(tasks.\))p |
| | 28282 | 0 240 1082 9 v 0 459 9 220 v 79 380 a Fq(CALL)52 b(PYSTAT\(MSTAT\))p |
| | 28283 | 1073 459 V 0 467 1082 9 v 0 599 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)43 |
| | 28284 | b(prin)m(t)g(out)h(cross-sections)g(statistics,)i(deca)m(y)f(widths,)i |
| | 28285 | (branc)m(hing)c(ratios,)j(status)472 707 y(co)s(des)g(and)g(parameter)f |
| | 28286 | (v)-5 b(alues.)81 b Fq(PYSTAT)47 b Fw(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(called)f(at)h |
| | 28287 | (an)m(y)h(time,)h(after)e(the)472 816 y Fq(PYINIT)35 |
| | 28288 | b Fw(call,)30 b(e.g.)44 b(at)32 b(the)h(end)h(of)e(the)h(run,)g(or)f |
| | 28289 | (not)g(at)h(all.)0 924 y Fq(MSTAT)53 b(:)113 b Fw(sp)s(eci\014cation)32 |
| | 28290 | b(of)h(desired)g(information.)236 1032 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 28291 | b Fw(prin)m(ts)35 b(a)g(table)f(of)h(ho)m(w)h(man)m(y)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j |
| | 28292 | (of)c(the)i(di\013eren)m(t)g(kinds)f(that)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)709 |
| | 28293 | 1141 y(generated)47 b(and)f(the)g(corresp)s(onding)h(cross)g(sections.) |
| | 28294 | 84 b(All)45 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)i(already)709 1249 y(include)32 |
| | 28295 | b(the)h(e\013ects)h(of)e(cuts)h(required)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(user)g(in)f |
| | 28296 | Fq(PYKCUT)p Fw(.)236 1357 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(prin)m(ts)23 |
| | 28297 | b(a)h(table)e(of)h(the)h(resonances)i(de\014ned)f(in)e(the)h(program,)g |
| | 28298 | (with)f(their)g(particle)709 1466 y(co)s(des)h(\(KF\),)f(and)g(all)f |
| | 28299 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)g(deca)m(y)j(c)m(hannels.)42 b(\(If)23 |
| | 28300 | b(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(generations)709 1574 y(in)33 |
| | 28301 | b Fq(MSTP\(1\))k Fw(is)d(3,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)i(c)m(hannels)f(in)m(v) |
| | 28302 | m(olving)d(fourth-generation)g(particles)709 1682 y(are)c(not)g(displa) |
| | 28303 | m(y)m(ed.\))43 b(F)-8 b(or)28 b(eac)m(h)i(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannel)e(is)g |
| | 28304 | (sho)m(wn)h(the)g(sequen)m(tial)f(c)m(han-)709 1791 y(nel)34 |
| | 28305 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(\(IDC\))f(of)h(the)g Fm(Jetset)e |
| | 28306 | Fw(deca)m(y)j(tables,)f(the)g(partial)e(deca)m(y)j(width,)709 |
| | 28307 | 1899 y(branc)m(hing)27 b(ratio)f(and)i(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(branc)m(hing)f |
| | 28308 | (ratio)e(\(in)g(the)j(ev)m(en)m(t)g(some)f(c)m(hannels)709 |
| | 28309 | 2007 y(ha)m(v)m(e)34 b(b)s(een)f(excluded)h(b)m(y)f(the)g(user\).)236 |
| | 28310 | 2116 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(prin)m(ts)36 b(a)h(table)e(with)h(the)h |
| | 28311 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)f(hard)h(in)m(teraction)e(\015a)m(v)m(ours)j |
| | 28312 | Fq(KFIN\(I,J\))h Fw(for)709 2224 y(b)s(eam)32 b(and)g(target)g |
| | 28313 | (particles.)236 2332 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(prin)m(ts)44 |
| | 28314 | b(a)g(table)g(of)g(the)h(kinematical)d(cuts)j Fq(CKIN\(I\))i |
| | 28315 | Fw(set)e(b)m(y)g(the)g(user)g(in)f(the)709 2441 y(curren)m(t)33 |
| | 28316 | b(run.)236 2549 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(prin)m(ts)40 |
| | 28317 | b(a)g(table)g(with)g(all)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(of)f(the)h(status)g |
| | 28318 | (co)s(des)g Fq(MSTP\(I\))h Fw(and)f(the)709 2657 y(parameters)32 |
| | 28319 | b Fq(PARP\(I\))j Fw(used)e(in)f(the)h(curren)m(t)h(run.)p |
| | 28320 | 0 2802 1133 9 v 0 3021 9 220 v 79 2942 a Fq(CALL)52 b(PYFRAM\(IFRAME\)) |
| | 28321 | p 1124 3021 V 0 3029 1133 9 v 0 3161 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c |
| | 28322 | Fw(to)32 b(transform)g(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(listing)30 |
| | 28323 | b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(di\013eren)m(t)f(reference)h(frames,)f(if)e(so)i |
| | 28324 | (desired.)0 3269 y Fq(IFRAME)53 b(:)62 b Fw(sp)s(eci\014cation)32 |
| | 28325 | b(of)h(frame)e(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)d(to)g(b)s(e)h(b)s(o)s(osted)f |
| | 28326 | (to.)236 3378 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(frame)31 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)j(b) |
| | 28327 | m(y)f(user)h(in)e(the)h Fq(PYINIT)h Fw(call.)236 3486 |
| | 28328 | y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(c.m.)43 b(frame)32 b(of)g(incoming)e |
| | 28329 | (particles.)236 3594 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(hadronic)44 |
| | 28330 | b(c.m.)81 b(frame)44 b(of)g(lepton{hadron)h(in)m(teraction)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 28331 | (ts.)83 b(Mainly)44 b(in-)709 3703 y(tended)c(for)f(deep)i(inelastic)c |
| | 28332 | (scattering,)k(but)f(can)g(also)e(b)s(e)i(used)h(in)d(photopro-)709 |
| | 28333 | 3811 y(duction.)74 b(Note)43 b(that)g(b)s(oth)g(the)g(lepton)g(and)g |
| | 28334 | (an)m(y)h(photons)f(radiated)f(o\013)h(the)709 3919 y(lepton)33 |
| | 28335 | b(remain)f(in)h(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(listing,)31 b(and)j(ha)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 28336 | (to)e(b)s(e)h(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(separately)f(if)709 4028 |
| | 28337 | y(y)m(ou)f(only)f(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(study)g(the)g(hadronic)g |
| | 28338 | (subsystem.)p 0 4172 1030 9 v 0 4391 9 220 v 79 4312 |
| | 28339 | a Fq(CALL)52 b(PYKCUT\(MCUT\))p 1022 4391 V 0 4399 1030 |
| | 28340 | 9 v 0 4531 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)23 b(enable)h(y)m(ou)h(to)f(reject) |
| | 28341 | g(a)g(giv)m(en)g(set)h(of)e(kinematic)g(v)-5 b(ariables)22 |
| | 28342 | b(at)i(an)g(early)f(stage)i(of)e(the)472 4639 y(generation)34 |
| | 28343 | b(pro)s(cedure)h(\(b)s(efore)g(ev)-5 b(aluation)32 b(of)i(cross)h |
| | 28344 | (sections\),)g(so)g(as)f(not)g(to)g(sp)s(end)472 4748 |
| | 28345 | y(unnecessary)c(time)25 b(on)h(the)h(generation)f(of)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)j |
| | 28346 | (that)e(are)f(not)h(w)m(an)m(ted.)43 b(The)27 b(routine)472 |
| | 28347 | 4856 y(will)35 b(not)h(b)s(e)h(called)f(unless)h(y)m(ou)g(require)g(is) |
| | 28348 | g(b)m(y)g(setting)h Fq(MSTP\(141\)=1)p Fw(,)j(and)36 |
| | 28349 | b(nev)m(er)j(if)472 4965 y(`minim)m(um-bias'-t)m(yp)s(e)24 |
| | 28350 | b(ev)m(en)m(ts)29 b(\(including)c(elastic)h(and)i(di\013ractiv)m(e)e |
| | 28351 | (scattering\))h(are)g(to)472 5073 y(b)s(e)41 b(generated)h(as)f(w)m |
| | 28352 | (ell.)66 b(A)41 b(dumm)m(y)f(routine)g Fq(PYKCUT)j Fw(is)d(included)g |
| | 28353 | (in)g(the)h(program)472 5181 y(\014le,)30 b(so)f(as)g(to)f(a)m(v)m(oid) |
| | 28354 | h(unresolv)m(ed)h(external)f(references)i(when)f(the)f(routine)f(is)h |
| | 28355 | (not)f(used.)0 5290 y Fq(MCUT)52 b(:)165 b Fw(\015ag)33 |
| | 28356 | b(to)f(signal)f(e\013ect)i(of)f(user-de\014ned)j(cuts.)236 |
| | 28357 | 5398 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)34 b(is)e(to)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 28358 | (retained)g(and)f(generated)i(in)d(full.)236 5506 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 28359 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)34 b(is)e(to)g(b)s(e)h(rejected)h(and)f(a) |
| | 28360 | f(new)h(one)g(generated.)0 5615 y Fo(Remark)k(:)47 b |
| | 28361 | Fw(at)g(the)g(time)e(of)h(selection,)k(sev)m(eral)d(v)-5 |
| | 28362 | b(ariables)46 b(in)g(the)h Fq(MINT)h Fw(and)e Fq(VINT)i |
| | 28363 | Fw(arra)m(ys)f(in)1817 5953 y(141)p eop |
| | 28364 | %%Page: 142 148 |
| | 28365 | 142 147 bop 472 -18 a Fw(the)35 b Fq(PYINT1)i Fw(common)c(blo)s(c)m(k)h |
| | 28366 | (con)m(tain)g(information)e(that)i(can)h(b)s(e)f(used)i(to)e(mak)m(e)h |
| | 28367 | (the)472 90 y(decision.)41 b(The)25 b(routine)f(pro)m(vided)h(in)e(the) |
| | 28368 | i(program)e(\014le)h(explicitly)f(reads)i(the)g(v)-5 |
| | 28369 | b(ariables)472 198 y(that)34 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)h(de\014ned)f(at)f |
| | 28370 | (the)h(time)e Fq(PYKCUT)j Fw(is)e(called,)g(and)g(also)g(calculates)g |
| | 28371 | (some)472 307 y(deriv)m(ed)i(quan)m(tities.)45 b(The)35 |
| | 28372 | b(information)30 b(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)31 b(includes)i(subpro)s(cess)j |
| | 28373 | (t)m(yp)s(e)e(ISUB,)472 430 y Fj(E)544 445 y Fl(cm)639 |
| | 28374 | 430 y Fw(,)i(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(,)803 411 y(^)802 430 |
| | 28375 | y Fj(t)p Fw(,)38 b(^)-55 b Fj(u)o Fw(,)40 b(^)-57 b Fj(p)1059 |
| | 28376 | 445 y Fk(?)1118 430 y Fw(,)32 b Fj(x)1232 445 y Fl(1)1271 |
| | 28377 | 430 y Fw(,)g Fj(x)1385 445 y Fl(2)1425 430 y Fw(,)g Fj(x)1539 |
| | 28378 | 445 y Fl(F)1589 430 y Fw(,)g Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)32 b Fj(y)t |
| | 28379 | Fw(,)f Fj(\034)1923 394 y Fk(0)1946 430 y Fw(,)h(cos)2160 |
| | 28380 | 403 y(^)2152 430 y Fj(\022)s Fw(,)g(and)f(a)g(few)h(more.)42 |
| | 28381 | b(Some)31 b(of)g(these)i(ma)m(y)472 538 y(not)g(b)s(e)g(relev)-5 |
| | 28382 | b(an)m(t)32 b(for)g(the)h(pro)s(cess)h(under)f(study)-8 |
| | 28383 | b(,)34 b(and)f(are)f(then)i(set)f(to)f(zero.)p 0 682 |
| | 28384 | 1030 9 v 0 902 9 220 v 79 822 a Fq(CALL)52 b(PYEVWT\(WTXS\))p |
| | 28385 | 1022 902 V 0 910 1030 9 v 0 1042 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)33 |
| | 28386 | b(allo)m(w)e(y)m(ou)j(to)f(rew)m(eigh)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(cross)e |
| | 28387 | (sections,)g(b)m(y)g(pro)s(cess)h(t)m(yp)s(e)f(and)f(kinematics)472 |
| | 28388 | 1150 y(of)d(the)h(hard)f(scattering.)42 b(There)32 b(exists)f(t)m(w)m |
| | 28389 | (o)g(separate)f(mo)s(des)g(of)g(usage,)h(describ)s(ed)g(in)472 |
| | 28390 | 1258 y(the)i(follo)m(wing.)472 1367 y(F)-8 b(or)24 b |
| | 28391 | Fq(MSTP\(142\)=1)p Fw(,)k(it)23 b(is)g(assumed)i(that)f(the)g(cross)h |
| | 28392 | (section)f(of)f(the)i(pro)s(cess)g(is)e(correctly)472 |
| | 28393 | 1475 y(giv)m(en)34 b(b)m(y)f(default)g(in)f Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 28394 | Fw(,)h(but)g(that)g(one)g(wishes)h(to)f(generate)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)h |
| | 28395 | (biased)e(to)472 1583 y(a)42 b(sp)s(eci\014c)g(region)f(of)g(phase)i |
| | 28396 | (space.)72 b(While)41 b(the)h Fq(WTXS)h Fw(factor)e(therefore)h(m)m |
| | 28397 | (ultiplies)472 1692 y(the)f(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)40 |
| | 28398 | b(cross)h(section)g(in)e(the)h(c)m(hoice)h(of)f(subpro)s(cess)i(t)m(yp) |
| | 28399 | s(e)f(and)f(kinematics,)h(the)472 1800 y(pro)s(duced)32 |
| | 28400 | b(ev)m(en)m(t)g(comes)e(with)g(a)g(comp)s(ensating)g(w)m(eigh)m(t)g |
| | 28401 | Fq(PARI\(10\)=1./WTXS)p Fw(,)35 b(whic)m(h)472 1908 y(should)e(b)s(e)f |
| | 28402 | (used)i(when)f(\014lling)d(histograms)h(etc.)44 b(In)33 |
| | 28403 | b(the)f Fq(PYSTAT\(1\))j Fw(table,)d(the)h(cross)472 |
| | 28404 | 2017 y(sections)j(are)g(unc)m(hanged)h(\(up)e(to)g(statistical)e |
| | 28405 | (errors\))j(compared)f(with)g(the)h(standard)472 2125 |
| | 28406 | y(cross)28 b(sections,)g(but)e(the)h(relativ)m(e)e(comp)s(osition)f(of) |
| | 28407 | i(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)h(c)m(hanged)g(and)f(need)472 |
| | 28408 | 2233 y(no)k(longer)f(b)s(e)g(in)g(prop)s(ortion)f(to)i(relativ)m(e)e |
| | 28409 | (cross)j(sections.)43 b(A)30 b(t)m(ypical)f(example)g(of)g(this)472 |
| | 28410 | 2342 y(usage)45 b(is)e(if)g(one)h(wishes)g(to)g(enhance)h(the)f(pro)s |
| | 28411 | (duction)f(of)g(high-)p Fj(p)3056 2357 y Fk(?)3158 2342 |
| | 28412 | y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts;)51 b(then)45 b(a)472 2450 y(w)m(eigh)m(t)39 |
| | 28413 | b(lik)m(e)e Fq(WTXS)p Fw(=)i(\()p Fj(p)1377 2465 y Fk(?)1435 |
| | 28414 | 2450 y Fj(=p)1533 2465 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)1628 2450 y Fw(\))1666 |
| | 28415 | 2414 y Fl(2)1743 2450 y Fw(\(with)f Fj(p)2058 2465 y |
| | 28416 | Fk(?)p Fl(0)2190 2450 y Fw(some)g(\014xed)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er\))e(migh)m |
| | 28417 | (t)f(b)s(e)h(appro-)472 2558 y(priate.)472 2667 y(F)-8 |
| | 28418 | b(or)30 b Fq(MSTP\(142\)=2)p Fw(,)k(on)d(the)g(other)f(hand,)i(it)d(is) |
| | 28419 | h(assumed)i(that)e(the)h(true)g(cross)g(section)472 2775 |
| | 28420 | y(is)d(really)e(to)i(b)s(e)g(mo)s(difed)e(b)m(y)j(the)g(m)m |
| | 28421 | (ultiplicativ)m(e)24 b(factor)k Fq(WTXS)p Fw(.)h(The)f(generated)h(ev)m |
| | 28422 | (en)m(ts)472 2883 y(therefore)h(come)e(with)g(unit)g(w)m(eigh)m(t,)i |
| | 28423 | (just)f(as)f(usual.)42 b(This)29 b(option)e(is)h(really)g(equiv)-5 |
| | 28424 | b(alen)m(t)472 2992 y(to)35 b(replacing)f(the)i(basic)f(cross)i |
| | 28425 | (sections)f(co)s(ded)g(in)e Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)i(but)g(allo)m(ws)e(more)h |
| | 28426 | (\015exi-)472 3100 y(bilit)m(y:)42 b(no)33 b(need)g(to)f(recompile)f |
| | 28427 | (the)i(whole)g(of)39 b Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)472 3208 y(The)e(routine)e |
| | 28428 | (will)e(not)i(b)s(e)h(called)e(unless)j Fq(MSTP\(142\))p |
| | 28429 | Fn(\025)e Fw(1,)h(and)g(nev)m(er)h(if)d(`minim)m(um-)472 |
| | 28430 | 3317 y(bias'-t)m(yp)s(e)41 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(\(including)c(elastic)h |
| | 28431 | (and)h(di\013ractiv)m(e)g(scattering\))g(are)g(to)f(b)s(e)i(gen-)472 |
| | 28432 | 3425 y(erated)e(as)e(w)m(ell.)58 b(F)-8 b(urther,)39 |
| | 28433 | b(cross)g(sections)f(for)f(additional)e(m)m(ultiple)g(in)m(teractions)i |
| | 28434 | (or)472 3533 y(pile-up)31 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(are)e(nev)m(er)i |
| | 28435 | (a\013ected.)44 b(A)32 b(dumm)m(y)g(routine)f Fq(PYEVWT)j |
| | 28436 | Fw(is)d(included)h(in)f(the)472 3642 y(program)f(\014le,)i(so)f(as)h |
| | 28437 | (to)f(a)m(v)m(oid)g(unresolv)m(ed)h(external)g(references)h(when)f(the) |
| | 28438 | g(routine)f(is)472 3750 y(not)i(used.)0 3858 y Fq(WTXS:)217 |
| | 28439 | b Fw(m)m(ultiplication)41 b(factor)k(to)g(ordinary)f(ev)m(en)m(t)k |
| | 28440 | (cross)e(section;)52 b(to)45 b(b)s(e)g(set)h(\(b)m(y)g(y)m(ou\))g(in) |
| | 28441 | 472 3967 y Fq(PYEVWT)35 b Fw(call.)0 4075 y Fo(Remark)i(:)47 |
| | 28442 | b Fw(at)g(the)g(time)e(of)h(selection,)k(sev)m(eral)d(v)-5 |
| | 28443 | b(ariables)46 b(in)g(the)h Fq(MINT)h Fw(and)e Fq(VINT)i |
| | 28444 | Fw(arra)m(ys)f(in)472 4183 y(the)35 b Fq(PYINT1)i Fw(common)c(blo)s(c)m |
| | 28445 | (k)h(con)m(tain)g(information)e(that)i(can)h(b)s(e)f(used)i(to)e(mak)m |
| | 28446 | (e)h(the)472 4292 y(decision.)41 b(The)25 b(routine)f(pro)m(vided)h(in) |
| | 28447 | e(the)i(program)e(\014le)h(explicitly)f(reads)i(the)g(v)-5 |
| | 28448 | b(ariables)472 4400 y(that)34 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)h(de\014ned)f(at)f |
| | 28449 | (the)h(time)e Fq(PYEVWT)j Fw(is)e(called,)g(and)g(also)g(calculates)g |
| | 28450 | (some)472 4509 y(deriv)m(ed)49 b(quan)m(tities.)90 b(The)50 |
| | 28451 | b(giv)m(en)e(list)f(of)g(information)e(includes)j(subpro)s(cess)j(t)m |
| | 28452 | (yp)s(e)472 4632 y(ISUB,)40 b Fj(E)842 4647 y Fl(cm)937 |
| | 28453 | 4632 y Fw(,)k(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(,)1119 4613 y(^)1118 |
| | 28454 | 4632 y Fj(t)p Fw(,)47 b(^)-55 b Fj(u)p Fw(,)49 b(^)-58 |
| | 28455 | b Fj(p)1393 4647 y Fk(?)1452 4632 y Fw(,)41 b Fj(x)1575 |
| | 28456 | 4647 y Fl(1)1615 4632 y Fw(,)g Fj(x)1738 4647 y Fl(2)1778 |
| | 28457 | 4632 y Fw(,)f Fj(x)1900 4647 y Fl(F)1951 4632 y Fw(,)h |
| | 28458 | Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)41 b Fj(y)t Fw(,)f Fj(\034)2312 4596 |
| | 28459 | y Fk(0)2336 4632 y Fw(,)g(cos)2558 4605 y(^)2550 4632 |
| | 28460 | y Fj(\022)t Fw(,)g(and)g(a)e(few)i(more.)62 b(Some)39 |
| | 28461 | b(of)472 4740 y(these)44 b(ma)m(y)e(not)g(b)s(e)g(relev)-5 |
| | 28462 | b(an)m(t)42 b(for)g(the)h(pro)s(cess)g(under)g(study)-8 |
| | 28463 | b(,)46 b(and)c(are)g(then)h(set)g(to)472 4848 y(zero.)0 |
| | 28464 | 4957 y Fo(W)-9 b(arning:)47 b Fw(the)26 b(w)m(eigh)m(ts)g(only)f(apply) |
| | 28465 | g(to)h(the)g(hard)f(scattering)h(subpro)s(cesses.)44 |
| | 28466 | b(There)26 b(is)g(no)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(to)472 5065 y(rew)m(eigh)m(t)36 |
| | 28467 | b(the)f(shap)s(e)g(of)f(initial-)c(and)35 b(\014nal-state)f(sho)m(w)m |
| | 28468 | (ers,)j(fragmen)m(tation,)c(or)h(other)472 5173 y(asp)s(ects)g(of)e |
| | 28469 | (the)h(ev)m(en)m(t.)1817 5953 y(142)p eop |
| | 28470 | %%Page: 143 149 |
| | 28471 | 143 148 bop 0 -18 a Fp(9.2)135 b(Switc)l(hes)46 b(for)f(Ev)l(en)l(t)h |
| | 28472 | (T)l(yp)t(e)e(and)h(Kinematics)i(Selection)0 154 y Fw(By)33 |
| | 28473 | b(default,)e(if)38 b Fm(Pythia)32 b Fw(is)g(run)g(for)g(a)g(hadron)g |
| | 28474 | (collider,)e(only)i(QCD)g(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(2)32 b(pro)s(cesses)i(are)e |
| | 28475 | (gener-)0 263 y(ated,)27 b(comp)s(osed)e(of)g(hard)g(in)m(teractions)g |
| | 28476 | (ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h Fj(p)1842 278 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)2046 |
| | 28477 | 263 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(81\))p Fw(,)j(with)c(lo)m(w-)p |
| | 28478 | Fj(p)3027 278 y Fk(?)3110 263 y Fw(pro)s(cesses)j(added)0 |
| | 28479 | 371 y(on)h(so)h(as)g(to)f(giv)m(e)g(the)h(full)e(\(parametrized\))g |
| | 28480 | (inelastic,)h(non-di\013ractiv)m(e)f(cross)j(section.)43 |
| | 28481 | b(In)29 b(an)h(e)3618 335 y Fl(+)3677 371 y Fw(e)3720 |
| | 28482 | 335 y Fk(\000)0 479 y Fw(collider,)i Fj(\015)426 443 |
| | 28483 | y Fk(\003)466 479 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)575 443 y Fl(0)648 479 |
| | 28484 | y Fw(pro)s(duction)h(is)g(the)i(default,)f(and)g(in)f(an)h(ep)g(one)h |
| | 28485 | (it)e(is)g(deep)i(inelastic)e(scattering.)0 588 y(With)g(the)h(help)f |
| | 28486 | (of)g(the)h(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)i Fq(PYSUBS)p Fw(,)h(it)d(is)h(p)s |
| | 28487 | (ossible)g(to)g(select)h(the)g(generation)f(of)g(an-)0 |
| | 28488 | 696 y(other)e(pro)s(cess,)i(or)d(com)m(bination)f(of)i(pro)s(cesses.)45 |
| | 28489 | b(It)31 b(is)f(also)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(to)f(restrict)h(the)h(generation) |
| | 28490 | e(to)0 804 y(sp)s(eci\014c)g(incoming)e(partons/particles)g(at)i(the)g |
| | 28491 | (hard)f(in)m(teraction.)42 b(This)30 b(often)f(automatically)d(also)0 |
| | 28492 | 913 y(restricts)j(\014nal-state)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours)j(but,)f(in)e(pro)s |
| | 28493 | (cesses)j(suc)m(h)f(as)f(resonance)h(pro)s(duction)f(or)f(QCD/QED)0 |
| | 28494 | 1021 y(pro)s(duction)h(of)f(new)j(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)g(switc)m(hes)g(in) |
| | 28495 | d(the)i Fm(Jetset)e Fw(program)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)h(used)g(to)f(this)g |
| | 28496 | (end;)i(see)0 1129 y(section)i(14.6.)146 1238 y(The)j |
| | 28497 | Fq(CKIN)g Fw(arra)m(y)f(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(used)h(to)f(imp)s(ose)e(sp)s |
| | 28498 | (eci\014c)j(kinematics)d(cuts.)51 b(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(should)g(here)g(b)s |
| | 28499 | (e)0 1346 y(w)m(arned)f(that,)g(if)e(kinematical)f(v)-5 |
| | 28500 | b(ariables)32 b(are)h(to)s(o)f(strongly)h(restricted,)h(the)g |
| | 28501 | (generation)e(time)g(p)s(er)0 1454 y(ev)m(en)m(t)39 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s |
| | 28502 | (ecome)f(v)m(ery)i(long.)58 b(In)38 b(extreme)g(cases,)i(where)f(the)f |
| | 28503 | (cuts)h(e\013ectiv)m(ely)f(close)f(the)h(full)0 1563 |
| | 28504 | y(phase)31 b(space,)h(the)f(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generation)e(ma)m(y)g(run)h |
| | 28505 | (in)m(to)e(an)i(in\014nite)e(lo)s(op.)41 b(The)31 b(generation)f(of)g |
| | 28506 | (2)d Fn(!)h Fw(1)0 1671 y(resonance)39 b(pro)s(duction)e(is)g(p)s |
| | 28507 | (erformed)g(in)g(terms)h(of)f(the)42 b(^)-53 b Fj(s)38 |
| | 28508 | b Fw(and)g Fj(y)i Fw(v)-5 b(ariables,)38 b(and)g(so)g(the)g(ranges)0 |
| | 28509 | 1779 y Fq(CKIN\(1\))53 b(-)f(CKIN\(2\))d Fw(and)f Fq(CKIN\(7\))54 |
| | 28510 | b(-)d(CKIN\(8\))f Fw(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(arbitrarily)d(restricted)j |
| | 28511 | (without)g(a)0 1902 y(signi\014can)m(t)g(loss)h(of)f(sp)s(eed.)93 |
| | 28512 | b(F)-8 b(or)48 b(2)55 b Fn(!)g Fw(2)48 b(pro)s(cesses,)55 |
| | 28513 | b(cos)2335 1876 y(^)2327 1902 y Fj(\022)d Fw(is)c(added)i(as)f(a)f |
| | 28514 | (third)g(generation)0 2011 y(v)-5 b(ariable,)30 b(and)i(so)f |
| | 28515 | (additionally)d(the)k(range)g Fq(CKIN\(27\))53 b(-)f(CKIN\(28\))33 |
| | 28516 | b Fw(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)h(restricted)g(without)0 2119 y(an)m(y)h(danger.) |
| | 28517 | 146 2228 y(E\013ects)25 b(from)d(initial-)d(and)24 b(\014nal-state)f |
| | 28518 | (radiation)e(are)i(not)g(included,)i(since)f(they)g(are)g(not)f(kno)m |
| | 28519 | (wn)0 2336 y(at)29 b(the)g(time)f(the)i(kinematics)e(at)h(the)g(hard)g |
| | 28520 | (in)m(teraction)f(is)h(selected.)43 b(The)30 b(sharp)g(kinematical)d |
| | 28521 | (cut-)0 2444 y(o\013s)33 b(that)h(can)f(b)s(e)h(imp)s(osed)e(on)i(the)f |
| | 28522 | (generation)g(pro)s(cess)i(are)e(therefore)h(smeared,)g(b)s(oth)f(b)m |
| | 28523 | (y)i(QCD)0 2553 y(radiation)30 b(and)j(b)m(y)g(fragmen)m(tation.)42 |
| | 28524 | b(A)33 b(few)g(examples)f(of)g(suc)m(h)j(e\013ects)e(follo)m(w.)145 |
| | 28525 | 2666 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Initial-state)42 b(radiation)h(implies)f(that)j |
| | 28526 | (eac)m(h)h(of)f(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(incoming)d(partons)i(has)g(a)g(non-) |
| | 28527 | 244 2774 y(v)-5 b(anishing)27 b Fj(p)720 2789 y Fk(?)807 |
| | 28528 | 2774 y Fw(when)j(they)f(in)m(teract.)42 b(The)30 b(hard)e(scattering)g |
| | 28529 | (subsystem)i(th)m(us)g(receiv)m(es)g(a)e(net)244 2882 |
| | 28530 | y(transv)m(erse)40 b(b)s(o)s(ost,)g(and)e(is)g(rotated)g(with)g(resp)s |
| | 28531 | (ect)i(to)e(the)g(b)s(eam)g(directions.)60 b(In)38 b(a)h(2)e |
| | 28532 | Fn(!)g Fw(2)244 2991 y(pro)s(cess,)49 b(what)44 b(t)m(ypically)f(happ)s |
| | 28533 | (ens)j(is)e(that)g(one)h(of)e(the)i(scattered)h(partons)f(receiv)m(es)h |
| | 28534 | (an)244 3099 y(increased)33 b Fj(p)716 3114 y Fk(?)775 |
| | 28535 | 3099 y Fw(,)g(while)e(the)i Fj(p)1306 3114 y Fk(?)1398 |
| | 28536 | 3099 y Fw(of)f(the)h(other)g(parton)f(is)g(reduced.)145 |
| | 28537 | 3217 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Since)37 b(the)h(initial-state)33 |
| | 28538 | b(radiation)i(mac)m(hinery)i(assigns)g(space-lik)m(e)g(virtualities)d |
| | 28539 | (to)j(the)h(in-)244 3325 y(coming)h(partons,)44 b(the)d(de\014nitions)g |
| | 28540 | (of)f Fj(x)i Fw(in)e(terms)h(of)f(energy)i(fractions)f(and)g(in)f |
| | 28541 | (terms)h(of)244 3433 y(momen)m(tum)34 b(fractions)h(no)g(longer)f |
| | 28542 | (coincide,)i(and)g(so)f(the)h(in)m(teracting)e(subsystem)k(ma)m(y)d |
| | 28543 | (re-)244 3542 y(ceiv)m(e)46 b(a)e(net)h(longitudinal)c(b)s(o)s(ost)k |
| | 28544 | (compared)f(with)h(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)45 b(exp)s(ectations,) |
| | 28545 | j(as)d(part)g(of)f(the)244 3650 y(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)33 |
| | 28546 | b(mac)m(hinery)-8 b(.)145 3768 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Initial-state)35 |
| | 28547 | b(radiation)g(giv)m(es)j(rise)f(to)h(additional)c(jets,)40 |
| | 28548 | b(whic)m(h)e(in)f(extreme)h(cases)h(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)244 |
| | 28549 | 3876 y(mistak)m(en)32 b(for)g(either)h(of)f(the)h(jets)g(of)f(the)h |
| | 28550 | (hard)g(in)m(teraction.)145 3994 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Final-state)31 |
| | 28551 | b(radiation)h(giv)m(es)i(rise)f(to)h(additional)d(jets,)j(whic)m(h)g |
| | 28552 | (smears)g(the)g(meaning)f(of)g(the)244 4102 y(basic)h(2)c |
| | 28553 | Fn(!)g Fw(2)k(scattering.)49 b(The)35 b(assignmen)m(t)f(of)g(soft)g |
| | 28554 | (jets)h(is)e(not)i(unique.)48 b(The)36 b(energy)f(of)f(a)244 |
| | 28555 | 4211 y(jet)e(b)s(ecomes)i(dep)s(enden)m(t)g(on)e(the)i(w)m(a)m(y)f(it)f |
| | 28556 | (is)g(iden)m(ti\014ed,)g(e.g.)44 b(what)33 b(jet)g(cone)g(size)g(is)f |
| | 28557 | (used.)145 4329 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)f(b)s(eam)e(remnan)m(t)g |
| | 28558 | (description)h(assigns)g(primordial)c Fj(k)2534 4344 |
| | 28559 | y Fk(?)2639 4329 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)50 b(whic)m(h)e(also)e(giv)m(es)h |
| | 28560 | (a)244 4437 y(net)c Fj(p)471 4452 y Fk(?)573 4437 y Fw(shift)f(of)g |
| | 28561 | (the)h(hard-in)m(teraction)e(subsystem;)50 b(except)44 |
| | 28562 | b(at)f(lo)m(w)f(energies)h(this)g(e\013ect)244 4545 y(is)36 |
| | 28563 | b(o)m(v)m(ershado)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(initial-state)32 |
| | 28564 | b(radiation,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)57 b(Beam)36 b(remnan)m(ts)g(ma)m(y)g |
| | 28565 | (also)f(add)244 4654 y(further)e(activit)m(y)f(under)h(the)g(`p)s |
| | 28566 | (erturbativ)m(e')g(ev)m(en)m(t.)145 4771 y Fn(\017)49 |
| | 28567 | b Fw(F)-8 b(ragmen)m(tation)20 b(will)g(further)j(broaden)g(jet)f |
| | 28568 | (pro\014les,)j(and)d(mak)m(e)h(jet)f(assignmen)m(ts)h(and)f(energy)244 |
| | 28569 | 4880 y(determinations)31 b(ev)m(en)j(more)e(uncertain.)0 |
| | 28570 | 4993 y(In)37 b(a)f(study)i(of)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(within)d(a)g(giv)m(en)h |
| | 28571 | (windo)m(w)g(of)f(exp)s(erimen)m(tally)g(de\014ned)i(v)-5 |
| | 28572 | b(ariables,)36 b(it)g(is)g(up)0 5101 y(to)31 b(y)m(ou)h(to)g(lea)m(v)m |
| | 28573 | (e)g(suc)m(h)h(lib)s(eral)c(margins)h(that)h(no)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(are)d |
| | 28574 | (missed.)43 b(In)32 b(other)g(w)m(ords,)h(cuts)f(ha)m(v)m(e)0 |
| | 28575 | 5209 y(to)g(b)s(e)h(c)m(hosen)h(suc)m(h)g(that)e(a)h(negligible)c |
| | 28576 | (fraction)i(of)i(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(migrate)d(from)g(outside)i(the)g(sim)m |
| | 28577 | (ulated)0 5318 y(region)i(to)g(inside)g(the)h(in)m(teresting)f(region.) |
| | 28578 | 52 b(Often)36 b(this)f(ma)m(y)g(lead)g(to)g(lo)m(w)h(e\016ciency)h(in)d |
| | 28579 | (terms)i(of)0 5426 y(what)31 b(fraction)e(of)i(the)g(generated)g(ev)m |
| | 28580 | (en)m(ts)i(are)e(actually)e(of)i(in)m(terest)g(to)f(y)m(ou.)44 |
| | 28581 | b(See)31 b(also)f(section)h(3.6.)146 5535 y(In)i(addition)d(to)i(the)g |
| | 28582 | (v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(found)h(in)f Fq(PYSUBS)p Fw(,)j(also)d(those)i |
| | 28583 | (in)e(the)h Fq(PYPARS)i Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)0 5643 |
| | 28584 | y(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)g(used)i(to)d(select)i(exactly)f(what)h(one)f(w)m(an)m |
| | 28585 | (ts)i(to)e(ha)m(v)m(e)h(sim)m(ulated.)44 b(These)35 b(p)s(ossibilities) |
| | 28586 | 30 b(will)1817 5953 y(143)p eop |
| | 28587 | %%Page: 144 150 |
| | 28588 | 144 149 bop 0 -18 a Fw(b)s(e)33 b(describ)s(ed)g(in)f(the)h(follo)m |
| | 28589 | (wing)d(subsection.)146 90 y(The)36 b(notation)e(used)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e) |
| | 28590 | f(and)g(in)g(the)g(follo)m(wing)d(is)j(that)f(`)-8 b(^)g(')35 |
| | 28591 | b(denotes)h(in)m(ternal)e(v)-5 b(ariables)33 b(in)0 198 |
| | 28592 | y(the)g(hard)g(scattering)f(subsystem,)j(while)d(`)1626 |
| | 28593 | 162 y Fk(\003)1665 198 y Fw(')h(is)f(for)h(v)-5 b(ariables)31 |
| | 28594 | b(in)h(the)h(c.m.)44 b(frame)31 b(of)i(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(as)0 |
| | 28595 | 307 y(a)e(whole.)p 0 431 2876 9 v 0 656 9 225 v 79 572 |
| | 28596 | a Fq(COMMON/PYSUBS/MSEL,MSUB\()q(200\))q(,KFI)q(N\(2,)q(-40)q(:40\))q |
| | 28597 | (,CKI)q(N\(20)q(0\))p 2867 656 V 0 664 2876 9 v 0 796 |
| | 28598 | a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)42 b(allo)m(w)g(the)h(user)h(to)e(run)h |
| | 28599 | (the)h(program)d(with)i(an)m(y)g(desired)g(subset)i(of)d(pro)s(cesses,) |
| | 28600 | 472 905 y(or)47 b(restrict)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h(or)e(kinematics.)86 |
| | 28601 | b(If)46 b(the)i(default)e(v)-5 b(alues,)50 b(denoted)e(b)s(elo)m(w)f(b) |
| | 28602 | m(y)472 1013 y(\(D=.)16 b(.)g(.)g(\),)33 b(are)g(not)f(satisfactory)-8 |
| | 28603 | b(,)33 b(they)g(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)g(b)s(efore)g(the)g |
| | 28604 | Fq(PYINIT)h Fw(call.)0 1175 y Fq(MSEL)52 b(:)165 b Fw(\(D=1\))36 |
| | 28605 | b(a)g(switc)m(h)i(to)e(select)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(full)d(user)j(con)m |
| | 28606 | (trol)d(and)i(some)g(preprogrammed)472 1284 y(alternativ)m(es.)236 |
| | 28607 | 1392 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(desired)25 b(subpro)s(cesses)j(ha)m(v)m |
| | 28608 | (e)e(to)f(b)s(e)g(switc)m(hed)h(on)f(in)g Fq(MSUB)p Fw(,)h(i.e.)40 |
| | 28609 | b(full)23 b(user)j(con)m(trol.)236 1500 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 28610 | b Fw(dep)s(ending)32 b(on)h(incoming)d(particles,)i(di\013eren)m(t)h |
| | 28611 | (alternativ)m(es)f(are)h(used.)709 1609 y(Lepton{lepton:)43 |
| | 28612 | b(Z)32 b(or)g(W)i(pro)s(duction)e(\(ISUB)h(=)g(1)f(or)g(2\).)709 |
| | 28613 | 1717 y(Lepton{hadron:)43 b(deep)34 b(inelastic)d(scattering)h(\(ISUB)h |
| | 28614 | (=)g(10\).)709 1825 y(Hadron{hadron:)66 b(QCD)44 b(high-)p |
| | 28615 | Fj(p)1998 1840 y Fk(?)2100 1825 y Fw(pro)s(cesses)j(\(ISUB)e(=)f(11,)i |
| | 28616 | (12,)h(13,)g(28,)g(53,)709 1934 y(68\);)31 b(additionally)d(lo)m(w-)p |
| | 28617 | Fj(p)1667 1949 y Fk(?)1757 1934 y Fw(pro)s(duction)j(if)38 |
| | 28618 | b Fq(CKIN\(3\))p Fj(<)p Fq(PARP\(81\))d Fw(or)c Fq(PARP\(82\))p |
| | 28619 | Fw(,)709 2042 y(dep)s(ending)c(on)h Fq(MSTP\(82\))h Fw(\(ISUB)f(=)g |
| | 28620 | (95\).)41 b(If)27 b(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)2663 2057 y Fk(?)2749 |
| | 28621 | 2042 y Fw(is)g(switc)m(hed)i(on,)f(the)g(other)709 2150 |
| | 28622 | y Fq(CKIN)33 b Fw(cuts)h(are)e(not)h(used.)709 2259 y(A)j(resolv)m(ed)i |
| | 28623 | (photon)f(coun)m(ts)g(as)g(hadron,)h(except)g(that)f(an)f(anomalous)f |
| | 28624 | (photon)709 2367 y(cannot)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)1488 |
| | 28625 | 2382 y Fk(?)1582 2367 y Fw(in)m(teractions.)56 b(When)37 |
| | 28626 | b(the)h(photon)e(is)h(not)f(resolv)m(ed,)j(the)709 2476 |
| | 28627 | y(follo)m(wing)30 b(cases)j(are)g(p)s(ossible.)709 2584 |
| | 28628 | y(Photon{lepton:)43 b(Compton)32 b(scattering)g(\(ISUB)h(=)g(34\).)709 |
| | 28629 | 2692 y(Photon{hadron:)43 b(photon-parton)32 b(scattering)g(\(ISUB)i(=)e |
| | 28630 | (33,)g(34,)g(54\).)709 2801 y(Photon{photon:)43 b(fermion)31 |
| | 28631 | b(pair)h(pro)s(duction)g(\(ISUB)h(=)f(58\).)236 2909 |
| | 28632 | y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(as)38 b Fq(MSEL)52 b(=)g(1)38 |
| | 28633 | b Fw(for)f(lepton{lepton,)h(lepton{hadron)g(and)g(unresolv)m(ed)h |
| | 28634 | (photons.)709 3017 y(F)-8 b(or)34 b(hadron{hadron)i(\(including)e |
| | 28635 | (resolv)m(ed)i(photons\))g(all)e(QCD)h(pro)s(cesses,)k(in-)709 |
| | 28636 | 3126 y(cluding)e(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)1282 3141 y Fk(?)1340 |
| | 28637 | 3126 y Fw(,)j(single)e(and)g(double)h(di\013ractiv)m(e)e(and)i(elastic) |
| | 28638 | f(scattering,)h(are)709 3234 y(included)d(\(ISUB)i(=)f(11,)g(12,)h(13,) |
| | 28639 | g(28,)g(53,)f(68,)h(91,)g(92,)g(93,)f(94,)h(95\).)56 |
| | 28640 | b(The)38 b Fq(CKIN)709 3342 y Fw(cuts)33 b(are)g(here)g(not)g(used.)236 |
| | 28641 | 3451 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(c)m(harm)26 b(\(c)p 1079 |
| | 28642 | 3398 44 4 v(c)q(\))g(pro)s(duction)h(with)f(massiv)m(e)h(matrix)e |
| | 28643 | (elemen)m(ts)i(\(ISUB)g(=)g(81,)g(82,)h(84,)709 3559 |
| | 28644 | y(85\).)236 3678 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(b)s(ottom)33 |
| | 28645 | b(\(b)p 1147 3599 55 4 v(b)q(\))h(pro)s(duction)h(with)f(massiv)m(e)i |
| | 28646 | (matrix)d(elemen)m(ts)i(\(ISUB)h(=)f(81,)g(82,)709 3786 |
| | 28647 | y(84,)d(85\).)236 3895 y Fq(=)52 b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(top)38 |
| | 28648 | b(\(t)p 964 3823 38 4 v(t\))h(pro)s(duction)f(with)g(massiv)m(e)h |
| | 28649 | (matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)i(\(ISUB)h(=)e(81,)i(82,)g(84,)709 |
| | 28650 | 4003 y(85\).)236 4122 y Fq(=)52 b(7)f(:)217 b Fw(lo)m(w)40 |
| | 28651 | b(\(l)p 959 4043 28 4 v(l)n(\))g(pro)s(duction)g(with)g(massiv)m(e)g |
| | 28652 | (matrix)f(elemen)m(ts)i(\(ISUB)g(=)f(81,)i(82,)g(84,)709 |
| | 28653 | 4230 y(85\).)236 4349 y Fq(=)52 b(8)f(:)217 b Fw(high)31 |
| | 28654 | b(\(h)p 1017 4270 55 4 v(h\))h(pro)s(duction)g(with)f(massiv)m(e)i |
| | 28655 | (matrix)d(elemen)m(ts)j(\(ISUB)f(=)g(81,)g(82,)g(84,)709 |
| | 28656 | 4458 y(85\).)236 4566 y Fq(=)52 b(10)g(:)165 b Fw(prompt)32 |
| | 28657 | b(photons)h(\(ISUB)g(=)f(14,)g(18,)g(29\).)236 4674 y |
| | 28658 | Fq(=)52 b(11)g(:)165 b Fw(Z)769 4638 y Fl(0)840 4674 |
| | 28659 | y Fw(pro)s(duction)32 b(\(ISUB)h(=)g(1\).)236 4783 y |
| | 28660 | Fq(=)52 b(12)g(:)165 b Fw(W)810 4747 y Fk(\006)902 4783 |
| | 28661 | y Fw(pro)s(duction)32 b(\(ISUB)h(=)f(2\).)236 4891 y |
| | 28662 | Fq(=)52 b(13)g(:)165 b Fw(Z)769 4855 y Fl(0)840 4891 |
| | 28663 | y Fw(+)33 b(jet)f(pro)s(duction)g(\(ISUB)h(=)g(15,)f(30\).)236 |
| | 28664 | 4999 y Fq(=)52 b(14)g(:)165 b Fw(W)810 4963 y Fk(\006)902 |
| | 28665 | 4999 y Fw(+)32 b(jet)h(pro)s(duction)f(\(ISUB)h(=)f(16,)g(31\).)236 |
| | 28666 | 5108 y Fq(=)52 b(15)g(:)165 b Fw(pair)37 b(pro)s(duction)g(of)g |
| | 28667 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(com)m(binations)f(of)g Fj(\015)5 b |
| | 28668 | Fw(,)39 b(Z)2820 5072 y Fl(0)2897 5108 y Fw(and)f(W)3193 |
| | 28669 | 5072 y Fk(\006)3291 5108 y Fw(\(except)h Fj(\015)5 b(\015)g |
| | 28670 | Fw(;)709 5216 y(see)33 b Fq(MSEL)h Fw(=)e(10\))g(\(ISUB)h(=)g(19,)f |
| | 28671 | (20,)g(22,)g(23,)g(25\).)236 5324 y Fq(=)52 b(16)g(:)165 |
| | 28672 | b Fw(H)782 5288 y Fl(0)854 5324 y Fw(pro)s(duction)32 |
| | 28673 | b(\(ISUB)h(=)f(3,)g(102,)g(103,)g(123,)g(124\).)236 5433 |
| | 28674 | y Fq(=)52 b(17)g(:)165 b Fw(H)782 5397 y Fl(0)821 5433 |
| | 28675 | y Fw(Z)881 5397 y Fl(0)953 5433 y Fw(or)32 b(H)1145 5397 |
| | 28676 | y Fl(0)1185 5433 y Fw(W)1286 5397 y Fk(\006)1378 5433 |
| | 28677 | y Fw(\(ISUB)h(=)f(24,)g(26\).)236 5541 y Fq(=)52 b(18)g(:)165 |
| | 28678 | b Fw(H)782 5505 y Fl(0)855 5541 y Fw(pro)s(duction,)34 |
| | 28679 | b(com)m(bination)f(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)34 b(for)g(e)2502 |
| | 28680 | 5505 y Fl(+)2561 5541 y Fw(e)2604 5505 y Fk(\000)2697 |
| | 28681 | 5541 y Fw(annihilation)d(\(ISUB)k(=)f(24,)709 5649 y(103,)e(123,)g |
| | 28682 | (124\).)1817 5953 y(144)p eop |
| | 28683 | %%Page: 145 151 |
| | 28684 | 145 150 bop 236 -18 a Fq(=)52 b(19)g(:)165 b Fw(H)782 |
| | 28685 | -55 y Fl(0)821 -18 y Fw(,)33 b(H)954 -55 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1046 |
| | 28686 | -18 y Fw(and)g(A)1309 -55 y Fl(0)1381 -18 y Fw(pro)s(duction,)f |
| | 28687 | (excepting)i(pair)e(pro)s(duction)g(\(ISUB)h(=)g(24,)f(103,)709 |
| | 28688 | 90 y(123,)g(124,)g(153,)f(158,)h(171,)g(173,)g(174,)g(176,)g(178,)g |
| | 28689 | (179\).)236 198 y Fq(=)52 b(21)g(:)165 b Fw(Z)769 162 |
| | 28690 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)859 198 y Fw(pro)s(duction)32 b(\(ISUB)h(=)g(141\).)236 |
| | 28691 | 307 y Fq(=)52 b(22)g(:)165 b Fw(W)810 270 y Fk(0\006)921 |
| | 28692 | 307 y Fw(pro)s(duction)32 b(\(ISUB)h(=)f(142\).)236 415 |
| | 28693 | y Fq(=)52 b(23)g(:)165 b Fw(H)782 379 y Fk(\006)873 415 |
| | 28694 | y Fw(pro)s(duction)32 b(\(ISUB)h(=)g(143\).)236 523 y |
| | 28695 | Fq(=)52 b(24)g(:)165 b Fw(R)781 487 y Fl(0)852 523 y |
| | 28696 | Fw(pro)s(duction)32 b(\(ISUB)h(=)g(144\).)236 632 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 28697 | b(25)g(:)165 b Fw(L)770 647 y Fl(Q)861 632 y Fw(\(lepto)s(quark\))32 |
| | 28698 | b(pro)s(duction)g(\(ISUB)h(=)g(145,)f(162,)g(163,)g(164\).)236 |
| | 28699 | 740 y Fq(=)52 b(35:)217 b Fw(single)31 b(b)s(ottom)g(pro)s(duction)h(b) |
| | 28700 | m(y)i(W)g(exc)m(hange)g(\(ISUB)f(=)g(83\).)236 848 y |
| | 28701 | Fq(=)52 b(36:)217 b Fw(single)31 b(top)i(pro)s(duction)e(b)m(y)j(W)g |
| | 28702 | (exc)m(hange)g(\(ISUB)f(=)g(83\).)236 957 y Fq(=)52 b(37:)217 |
| | 28703 | b Fw(single)31 b(lo)m(w)h(pro)s(duction)g(b)m(y)i(W)g(exc)m(hange)g |
| | 28704 | (\(ISUB)f(=)f(83\).)236 1065 y Fq(=)52 b(38:)217 b Fw(single)31 |
| | 28705 | b(high)h(pro)s(duction)g(b)m(y)h(W)h(exc)m(hange)h(\(ISUB)e(=)f(83\).)0 |
| | 28706 | 1227 y Fq(MSUB)52 b(:)165 b Fw(\(D=200*0\))32 b(arra)m(y)h(to)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 28707 | (set)h(when)h Fq(MSEL=0)g Fw(\(for)d Fq(MSEL)p Fn(\025)f |
| | 28708 | Fw(1)i(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)33 b(en)m(tries)h(are)f(set)472 |
| | 28709 | 1336 y(in)26 b Fq(PYINIT)p Fw(\))h(to)f(c)m(ho)s(ose)g(whic)m(h)h |
| | 28710 | (subset)g(of)f(subpro)s(cesses)j(to)c(include)h(in)f(the)h(generation.) |
| | 28711 | 472 1444 y(The)41 b(ordering)e(follo)m(ws)g(the)h(ISUB)g(co)s(de)h(giv) |
| | 28712 | m(en)f(in)f(section)h(8.1)f(\(with)h(commen)m(ts)f(as)472 |
| | 28713 | 1552 y(giv)m(en)33 b(there\).)236 1661 y Fq(MSUB\(ISUB\))54 |
| | 28714 | b(=)e(0)f(:)d Fw(the)33 b(subpro)s(cess)h(is)e(excluded.)236 |
| | 28715 | 1769 y Fq(MSUB\(ISUB\))54 b(=)e(1)f(:)d Fw(the)33 b(subpro)s(cess)h(is) |
| | 28716 | e(included.)236 1878 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(when)49 b Fq(MSEL=0)p |
| | 28717 | Fw(,)k(the)c Fq(MSUB)f Fw(v)-5 b(alues)48 b(set)h(b)m(y)g(the)f(user)h |
| | 28718 | (are)f(nev)m(er)i(c)m(hanged)f(b)m(y)709 1986 y Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 28719 | Fw(.)61 b(If)39 b(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)f(com)m(bine)g(sev)m(eral)i |
| | 28720 | (di\013eren)m(t)e(`subruns',)k(eac)m(h)e(with)709 2094 |
| | 28721 | y(its)30 b(o)m(wn)i Fq(PYINIT)g Fw(call,)e(in)m(to)g(one)h(single)f |
| | 28722 | (run,)i(it)e(is)g(up)h(to)g(y)m(ou)g(to)g(remem)m(b)s(er)g(not)709 |
| | 28723 | 2203 y(only)40 b(to)h(switc)m(h)h(on)f(the)g(new)h(pro)s(cesses)h(b)s |
| | 28724 | (efore)f(eac)m(h)g(new)h Fq(PYINIT)g Fw(call,)e(but)709 |
| | 28725 | 2311 y(also)31 b(to)i(switc)m(h)g(o\013)f(the)h(old)f(ones)h(that)f |
| | 28726 | (are)h(no)f(longer)g(desired.)0 2473 y Fq(KFIN\(I,J\))54 |
| | 28727 | b(:)47 b Fw(pro)m(vides)26 b(an)f(option)e(to)i(selectiv)m(ely)g(switc) |
| | 28728 | m(h)h(on)f(and)g(o\013)f(con)m(tributions)h(to)f(the)i(cross)472 |
| | 28729 | 2582 y(sections)32 b(from)d(the)i(di\013eren)m(t)g(incoming)d |
| | 28730 | (partons/particles)i(at)h(the)g(hard)f(in)m(teraction.)472 |
| | 28731 | 2690 y(In)44 b(com)m(bination)d(with)h(the)h Fm(Jetset)f |
| | 28732 | Fw(resonance)j(deca)m(y)f(switc)m(hes,)j(this)c(also)f(allo)m(ws)472 |
| | 28733 | 2798 y(y)m(ou)34 b(to)e(set)h(restrictions)f(on)h(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h |
| | 28734 | (app)s(earing)d(in)h(the)h(\014nal)f(state.)236 2907 |
| | 28735 | y Fq(I)52 b(:)319 b Fw(is)32 b(1)g(for)g(b)s(eam)g(side)h(of)f(ev)m(en) |
| | 28736 | m(t)i(and)f(2)f(for)g(target)g(side.)236 3015 y Fq(J)52 |
| | 28737 | b(:)319 b Fw(en)m(umerates)33 b(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h(according)e(to)g |
| | 28738 | (the)h(KF)f(co)s(de;)h(see)h(section)f(5.1.)236 3123 |
| | 28739 | y Fq(KFIN\(I,J\))54 b(=)d(0)h(:)47 b Fw(the)33 b(parton/particle)e(is)h |
| | 28740 | (forbidden.)236 3232 y Fq(KFIN\(I,J\))54 b(=)d(1)h(:)47 |
| | 28741 | b Fw(the)33 b(parton/particle)e(is)h(allo)m(w)m(ed.)236 |
| | 28742 | 3340 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(By)38 b(default,)h(the)g(follo)m(wing)c(are)j |
| | 28743 | (switc)m(hed)i(on:)54 b(d,)40 b(u,)g(s,)g(c,)f(b,)h(e)3197 |
| | 28744 | 3304 y Fk(\000)3257 3340 y Fw(,)f Fj(\027)3371 3355 y |
| | 28745 | Fl(e)3407 3340 y Fw(,)g Fj(\026)3532 3304 y Fk(\000)3591 |
| | 28746 | 3340 y Fw(,)h Fj(\027)3706 3355 y Fh(\026)3752 3340 y |
| | 28747 | Fw(,)709 3448 y Fj(\034)762 3412 y Fk(\000)821 3448 y |
| | 28748 | Fw(,)30 b Fj(\027)926 3463 y Fh(\034)970 3448 y Fw(,)g(g)q(,)g |
| | 28749 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)30 b(Z)1307 3412 y Fl(0)1346 3448 y |
| | 28750 | Fw(,)g(W)1504 3412 y Fl(+)1593 3448 y Fw(and)f(their)g(an)m |
| | 28751 | (tiparticles.)41 b(In)29 b(particular,)g(top)g(is)g(o\013,)g(and)709 |
| | 28752 | 3557 y(has)k(to)f(b)s(e)h(switc)m(hed)g(on)g(explicitly)e(if)g(needed.) |
| | 28753 | 0 3719 y Fq(CKIN)52 b(:)165 b Fw(kinematics)31 b(cuts)h(that)f(can)g(b) |
| | 28754 | s(e)h(set)g(b)m(y)g(y)m(ou)g(b)s(efore)f(the)h Fq(PYINIT)h |
| | 28755 | Fw(call,)d(and)h(that)g(a\013ect)472 3828 y(the)39 b(region)f(of)g |
| | 28756 | (phase)h(space)h(within)d(whic)m(h)j(ev)m(en)m(ts)g(are)f(generated.)62 |
| | 28757 | b(Some)38 b(cuts)h(are)472 3936 y(`hardwired')27 b(while)e(most)g(are)h |
| | 28758 | (`soft)m(wired'.)41 b(The)27 b(hardwired)f(ones)h(are)f(directly)f |
| | 28759 | (related)472 4044 y(to)34 b(the)g(kinematical)e(v)-5 |
| | 28760 | b(ariables)33 b(used)i(in)e(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(selection)e(pro)s |
| | 28761 | (cedure,)h(and)f(there-)472 4153 y(fore)29 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(negligible)d |
| | 28762 | (e\013ects)j(on)g(program)d(e\016ciency)-8 b(.)44 b(The)29 |
| | 28763 | b(most)f(imp)s(ortan)m(t)e(of)i(these)472 4261 y(are)i |
| | 28764 | Fq(CKIN\(1\))53 b(-)f(CKIN\(8\))p Fw(,)32 b Fq(CKIN\(27\))53 |
| | 28765 | b(-)f(CKIN\(28\))p Fw(,)32 b(and)d Fq(CKIN\(31\))54 b(-)d(CKIN\(32\))p |
| | 28766 | Fw(.)472 4369 y(The)32 b(soft)m(wired)e(ones)i(are)e(most)g(of)g(the)g |
| | 28767 | (remaining)f(ones,)i(that)f(cannot)h(b)s(e)f(fully)f(tak)m(en)472 |
| | 28768 | 4478 y(in)m(to)37 b(accoun)m(t)h(in)f(the)h(kinematical)d(v)-5 |
| | 28769 | b(ariable)35 b(selection,)k(so)e(that)g(generation)g(in)g(con-)472 |
| | 28770 | 4586 y(strained)29 b(regions)g(of)f(phase)i(space)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 28771 | (slo)m(w.)43 b(In)29 b(extreme)h(cases)g(the)f(phase)h(space)472 |
| | 28772 | 4694 y(ma)m(y)44 b(b)s(e)f(so)h(small)d(that)i(the)h(maximization)39 |
| | 28773 | b(pro)s(cedure)45 b(fails)c(to)i(\014nd)h(an)m(y)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)472 |
| | 28774 | 4803 y(p)s(oin)m(ts)e(at)g(all)e(\(although)h(some)g(small)f(region)h |
| | 28775 | (migh)m(t)g(still)e(exist)k(somewhere\),)i(and)472 4911 |
| | 28776 | y(therefore)34 b(switc)m(hes)g(o\013)e(some)g(subpro)s(cesses,)k(or)c |
| | 28777 | (ab)s(orts)h(altogether.)0 5031 y Fq(CKIN\(1\),)53 b(CKIN\(2\))h(:)47 |
| | 28778 | b Fw(\(D=2.,-1.)c(GeV\))32 b(range)h(of)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)51 |
| | 28779 | b(^)-68 b Fj(m)29 b Fw(=)2619 4947 y Fn(p)p 2702 4947 |
| | 28780 | 46 4 v 2706 5031 a Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)32 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues.)44 |
| | 28781 | b(If)c Fq(CKIN\(2\))p Fj(<)30 b Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(,)472 |
| | 28782 | 5140 y(the)j(upp)s(er)h(limit)29 b(is)j(inactiv)m(e.)0 |
| | 28783 | 5248 y Fq(CKIN\(3\),)53 b(CKIN\(4\))h(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.,-1.)64 |
| | 28784 | b(GeV\))40 b(range)g(of)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)48 b(^)-57 b |
| | 28785 | Fj(p)2501 5263 y Fk(?)2599 5248 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)40 |
| | 28786 | b(for)g(hard)g(2)g Fn(!)f Fw(2)h(pro-)472 5356 y(cesses,)47 |
| | 28787 | b(with)41 b(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum)k(^)-57 b Fj(p)2061 |
| | 28788 | 5371 y Fk(?)2161 5356 y Fw(de\014ned)43 b(in)e(the)h(rest)g(frame)e(of) |
| | 28789 | h(the)h(hard)472 5465 y(in)m(teraction.)f(If)36 b Fq(CKIN\(4\))p |
| | 28790 | Fj(<)29 b Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(,)g(the)g(upp)s(er)g(limit)24 |
| | 28791 | b(is)k(inactiv)m(e.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)27 b(pro)s(cesses)j(that)e(are)472 |
| | 28792 | 5573 y(singular)38 b(in)g(the)h(limit)44 b(^)-57 b Fj(p)1431 |
| | 28793 | 5588 y Fk(?)1528 5573 y Fn(!)38 b Fw(0)h(\(see)h Fq(CKIN\(6\))p |
| | 28794 | Fw(\),)i Fq(CKIN\(5\))f Fw(pro)m(vides)f(an)e(additional)1817 |
| | 28795 | 5953 y(145)p eop |
| | 28796 | %%Page: 146 152 |
| | 28797 | 146 151 bop 472 -18 a Fw(constrain)m(t.)54 b(The)37 b |
| | 28798 | Fq(CKIN\(3\))g Fw(and)f Fq(CKIN\(4\))i Fw(limits)33 b(can)j(also)f(b)s |
| | 28799 | (e)h(used)h(in)f(2)d Fn(!)g Fw(1)g Fn(!)g Fw(2)472 90 |
| | 28800 | y(pro)s(cesses.)44 b(Here,)30 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)h(the)d(pro)s(duct)g |
| | 28801 | (masses)g(are)g(not)f(kno)m(wn)i(and)f(hence)h(are)f(as-)472 |
| | 28802 | 198 y(sumed)j(to)f(b)s(e)h(v)-5 b(anishing)29 b(in)g(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t) |
| | 28803 | h(selection.)42 b(The)32 b(actual)d Fj(p)2954 213 y Fk(?)3043 |
| | 28804 | 198 y Fw(range)i(for)e(massiv)m(e)472 307 y(pro)s(ducts)34 |
| | 28805 | b(is)e(th)m(us)h(shifted)g(do)m(wn)m(w)m(ards)i(with)d(resp)s(ect)i(to) |
| | 28806 | e(the)h(nominal)d(one.)0 415 y Fq(CKIN\(5\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 28807 | b Fw(\(D=1.)40 b(GeV\))27 b(lo)m(w)m(er)g(cut-o\013)f(on)35 |
| | 28808 | b(^)-57 b Fj(p)1800 430 y Fk(?)1885 415 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)28 |
| | 28809 | b(in)e(addition)f(to)i(the)g Fq(CKIN\(3\))h Fw(cut)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,) |
| | 28810 | 472 523 y(for)k(pro)s(cesses)j(that)d(are)h(singular)e(in)h(the)h |
| | 28811 | (limit)k(^)-57 b Fj(p)2350 538 y Fk(?)2437 523 y Fn(!)27 |
| | 28812 | b Fw(0)32 b(\(see)i Fq(CKIN\(6\))p Fw(\).)0 632 y Fq(CKIN\(6\))53 |
| | 28813 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.)j(GeV\))35 b(hard)h(2)c Fn(!)g Fw(2)j(pro)s(cesses,) |
| | 28814 | j(whic)m(h)e(do)g(not)f(pro)s(ceed)h(only)f(via)g(an)g(in)m(ter-)472 |
| | 28815 | 740 y(mediate)d(resonance)j(\(i.e.)44 b(are)33 b(2)c |
| | 28816 | Fn(!)f Fw(1)g Fn(!)g Fw(2)33 b(pro)s(cesses\),)i(are)e(classi\014ed)g |
| | 28817 | (as)h(singular)d(in)472 848 y(the)37 b(limit)k(^)-58 |
| | 28818 | b Fj(p)929 863 y Fk(?)1022 848 y Fn(!)33 b Fw(0)j(if)f(either)h(or)g(b) |
| | 28819 | s(oth)f(of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(\014nal-state)e(pro)s(ducts)i(has)g(a)f |
| | 28820 | (mass)472 957 y Fj(m)28 b(<)p Fq(CKIN\(6\))p Fw(.)0 1065 |
| | 28821 | y Fq(CKIN\(7\),)53 b(CKIN\(8\))h(:)47 b Fw(\(D=-10.,10.\))42 |
| | 28822 | b(range)33 b(of)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(scattering)h(subsystem)h(rapidities)d |
| | 28823 | Fj(y)h Fw(=)472 1173 y Fj(y)524 1137 y Fk(\003)599 1173 |
| | 28824 | y Fw(in)j(the)h(c.m.)54 b(frame)35 b(of)g(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t,)h(where)f |
| | 28825 | Fj(y)g Fw(=)c(\(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2\))17 b(ln)n(\()p Fj(x)2863 |
| | 28826 | 1188 y Fl(1)2903 1173 y Fj(=x)3007 1188 y Fl(2)3047 1173 |
| | 28827 | y Fw(\).)53 b(\(F)-8 b(ollo)m(wing)33 b(the)472 1282 |
| | 28828 | y(notation)f(of)h(this)g(section,)g(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)31 |
| | 28829 | b(should)i(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en)g(as)h Fj(y)2925 1245 y Fk(\003)2963 |
| | 28830 | 1282 y Fw(,)g(but)f(b)s(ecause)h(of)f(its)472 1390 y(frequen)m(t)i |
| | 28831 | (use,)e(it)f(w)m(as)h(called)f Fj(y)j Fw(in)d(section)h(7.2.\))0 |
| | 28832 | 1498 y Fq(CKIN\(9\),)53 b(CKIN\(10\))h(:)47 b Fw(\(D=-10.,10.\))70 |
| | 28833 | b(range)43 b(of)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(\(true\))g(rapidities)e(for)i(the)g |
| | 28834 | (pro)s(duct)472 1607 y(with)36 b(largest)e(rapidit)m(y)h(in)g(a)g(2)d |
| | 28835 | Fn(!)g Fw(2)k(or)f(a)g(2)d Fn(!)h Fw(1)f Fn(!)g Fw(2)k(pro)s(cess,)h |
| | 28836 | (de\014ned)g(in)e(the)h(c.m.)472 1715 y(frame)42 b(of)h(the)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 28837 | (t,)k(i.e.)74 b(max)o(\()p Fj(y)1823 1679 y Fk(\003)1819 |
| | 28838 | 1740 y Fl(3)1862 1715 y Fj(;)17 b(y)1958 1679 y Fk(\003)1954 |
| | 28839 | 1740 y Fl(4)1996 1715 y Fw(\).)74 b(Note)43 b(that)f(rapidities)f(are)i |
| | 28840 | (coun)m(ted)h(with)472 1823 y(sign,)33 b(i.e.)43 b(if)31 |
| | 28841 | b Fj(y)1010 1787 y Fk(\003)1006 1848 y Fl(3)1076 1823 |
| | 28842 | y Fw(=)d(1)k(and)h Fj(y)1503 1787 y Fk(\003)1499 1848 |
| | 28843 | y Fl(4)1569 1823 y Fw(=)28 b Fn(\000)p Fw(2)k(then)i(max)o(\()p |
| | 28844 | Fj(y)2325 1787 y Fk(\003)2321 1848 y Fl(3)2364 1823 y |
| | 28845 | Fj(;)17 b(y)2460 1787 y Fk(\003)2456 1848 y Fl(4)2498 |
| | 28846 | 1823 y Fw(\))28 b(=)f(1.)0 1932 y Fq(CKIN\(11\),)54 b(CKIN\(12\))f(:)48 |
| | 28847 | b Fw(\(D=-10.,10.\))85 b(range)47 b(of)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(\(true\))g |
| | 28848 | (rapidities)f(for)g(the)i(pro)s(d-)472 2040 y(uct)h(with)f(smallest)e |
| | 28849 | (rapidit)m(y)h(in)h(a)g(2)53 b Fn(!)h Fw(2)48 b(or)g(a)g(2)53 |
| | 28850 | b Fn(!)h Fw(1)g Fn(!)g Fw(2)48 b(pro)s(cess,)53 b(de\014ned)472 |
| | 28851 | 2148 y(in)42 b(the)i(c.m.)73 b(frame)42 b(of)g(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t,)j |
| | 28852 | (i.e.)73 b(min)o(\()p Fj(y)2359 2112 y Fk(\003)2355 2173 |
| | 28853 | y Fl(3)2397 2148 y Fj(;)17 b(y)2493 2112 y Fk(\003)2489 |
| | 28854 | 2173 y Fl(4)2532 2148 y Fw(\).)73 b(Consistency)45 b(th)m(us)f |
| | 28855 | (requires)472 2257 y Fq(CKIN\(11\))p Fn(\024)p Fq(CKIN\(9\))37 |
| | 28856 | b Fw(and)c Fq(CKIN\(12\))p Fn(\024)p Fq(CKIN\(10\))p |
| | 28857 | Fw(.)0 2365 y Fq(CKIN\(13\),)54 b(CKIN\(14\))f(:)48 b |
| | 28858 | Fw(\(D=-10.,10.\))k(range)36 b(of)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(pseudorapidities)h |
| | 28859 | (for)g(the)g(pro)s(duct)472 2473 y(with)k(largest)f(pseudorapidit)m(y)h |
| | 28860 | (in)f(a)g(2)h Fn(!)g Fw(2)f(or)h(a)f(2)h Fn(!)f Fw(1)h |
| | 28861 | Fn(!)g Fw(2)f(pro)s(cess,)k(de\014ned)e(in)472 2582 y(the)c(c.m.)53 |
| | 28862 | b(frame)35 b(of)h(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)j(i.e.)53 b(max\()p |
| | 28863 | Fj(\021)2178 2546 y Fk(\003)2174 2606 y Fl(3)2217 2582 |
| | 28864 | y Fj(;)17 b(\021)2313 2546 y Fk(\003)2309 2606 y Fl(4)2352 |
| | 28865 | 2582 y Fw(\).)53 b(Note)36 b(that)g(pseudorapidities)f(are)472 |
| | 28866 | 2690 y(coun)m(ted)f(with)e(sign,)h(i.e.)43 b(if)31 b |
| | 28867 | Fj(\021)1598 2654 y Fk(\003)1594 2715 y Fl(3)1665 2690 |
| | 28868 | y Fw(=)c(1)33 b(and)f Fj(\021)2091 2654 y Fk(\003)2087 |
| | 28869 | 2715 y Fl(4)2158 2690 y Fw(=)c Fn(\000)p Fw(2)k(then)i(max)o(\()p |
| | 28870 | Fj(\021)2914 2654 y Fk(\003)2910 2715 y Fl(3)2953 2690 |
| | 28871 | y Fj(;)17 b(\021)3049 2654 y Fk(\003)3045 2715 y Fl(4)3088 |
| | 28872 | 2690 y Fw(\))28 b(=)f(1.)0 2798 y Fq(CKIN\(15\),)54 b(CKIN\(16\))f(:)48 |
| | 28873 | b Fw(\(D=-10.,10.\))k(range)36 b(of)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(pseudorapidities) |
| | 28874 | h(for)g(the)g(pro)s(duct)472 2907 y(with)43 b(smallest)e(pseudorapidit) |
| | 28875 | m(y)i(in)f(a)g(2)j Fn(!)g Fw(2)d(or)h(a)f(2)j Fn(!)g |
| | 28876 | Fw(1)f Fn(!)h Fw(2)d(pro)s(cess,)47 b(de\014ned)472 3015 |
| | 28877 | y(in)42 b(the)h(c.m.)74 b(frame)42 b(of)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)k(i.e.)73 |
| | 28878 | b(min)o(\()p Fj(\021)2358 2979 y Fk(\003)2354 3040 y |
| | 28879 | Fl(3)2397 3015 y Fj(;)17 b(\021)2493 2979 y Fk(\003)2489 |
| | 28880 | 3040 y Fl(4)2532 3015 y Fw(\).)74 b(Consistency)44 b(th)m(us)g |
| | 28881 | (requires)472 3123 y Fq(CKIN\(15\))p Fn(\024)p Fq(CKIN\(13\))38 |
| | 28882 | b Fw(and)32 b Fq(CKIN\(16\))p Fn(\024)p Fq(CKIN\(14\))p |
| | 28883 | Fw(.)0 3232 y Fq(CKIN\(17\),)54 b(CKIN\(18\))f(:)48 b |
| | 28884 | Fw(\(D=-1.,1.\))61 b(range)39 b(of)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(cos)18 |
| | 28885 | b Fj(\022)2512 3196 y Fk(\003)2590 3232 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)39 |
| | 28886 | b(for)g(the)g(pro)s(duct)h(with)472 3340 y(largest)e(cos)17 |
| | 28887 | b Fj(\022)988 3304 y Fk(\003)1067 3340 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)38 |
| | 28888 | b(in)f(a)i(2)e Fn(!)h Fw(2)g(or)g(a)g(2)g Fn(!)f Fw(1)h |
| | 28889 | Fn(!)f Fw(2)i(pro)s(cess,)i(de\014ned)f(in)e(the)h(c.m.)472 |
| | 28890 | 3448 y(frame)32 b(of)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)i(i.e.)43 b(max)o(\(cos)17 |
| | 28891 | b Fj(\022)1892 3412 y Fk(\003)1889 3473 y Fl(3)1932 3448 |
| | 28892 | y Fj(;)g Fw(cos)g Fj(\022)2171 3412 y Fk(\003)2168 3473 |
| | 28893 | y Fl(4)2211 3448 y Fw(\).)0 3557 y Fq(CKIN\(19\),)54 |
| | 28894 | b(CKIN\(20\))f(:)48 b Fw(\(D=-1.,1.\))61 b(range)39 b(of)g(allo)m(w)m |
| | 28895 | (ed)f(cos)18 b Fj(\022)2512 3521 y Fk(\003)2590 3557 |
| | 28896 | y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)39 b(for)g(the)g(pro)s(duct)h(with)472 |
| | 28897 | 3665 y(smallest)k(cos)18 b Fj(\022)1056 3629 y Fk(\003)1141 |
| | 28898 | 3665 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)45 b(in)f(a)i(2)j Fn(!)h Fw(2)45 |
| | 28899 | b(or)g(a)g(2)50 b Fn(!)f Fw(1)h Fn(!)f Fw(2)c(pro)s(cess,)50 |
| | 28900 | b(de\014ned)d(in)e(the)472 3774 y(c.m.)77 b(frame)43 |
| | 28901 | b(of)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)k(i.e.)76 b(min)o(\(cos)17 |
| | 28902 | b Fj(\022)2209 3737 y Fk(\003)2206 3798 y Fl(3)2249 3774 |
| | 28903 | y Fj(;)g Fw(cos)f Fj(\022)2487 3737 y Fk(\003)2484 3798 |
| | 28904 | y Fl(4)2527 3774 y Fw(\).)77 b(Consistency)45 b(th)m(us)g(requires)472 |
| | 28905 | 3882 y Fq(CKIN\(19\))p Fn(\024)p Fq(CKIN\(17\))38 b Fw(and)32 |
| | 28906 | b Fq(CKIN\(20\))p Fn(\024)p Fq(CKIN\(18\))p Fw(.)0 3990 |
| | 28907 | y Fq(CKIN\(21\),)54 b(CKIN\(22\))f(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.,1.\))66 |
| | 28908 | b(range)41 b(of)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g Fj(x)2348 4005 y Fl(1)2429 |
| | 28909 | 3990 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(for)f(the)h(parton)f(on)h(side)g(1)472 |
| | 28910 | 4099 y(that)33 b(en)m(ters)h(the)f(hard)f(in)m(teraction.)0 |
| | 28911 | 4207 y Fq(CKIN\(23\),)54 b(CKIN\(24\))f(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.,1.\))66 |
| | 28912 | b(range)41 b(of)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g Fj(x)2348 4222 y Fl(2)2429 |
| | 28913 | 4207 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(for)f(the)h(parton)f(on)h(side)g(2)472 |
| | 28914 | 4315 y(that)33 b(en)m(ters)h(the)f(hard)f(in)m(teraction.)0 |
| | 28915 | 4424 y Fq(CKIN\(25\),)54 b(CKIN\(26\))f(:)48 b Fw(\(D=-1.,1.\))40 |
| | 28916 | b(range)28 b(of)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(F)-8 b(eynman-)p Fj(x)27 |
| | 28917 | b Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)29 b(where)h Fj(x)3413 4439 y Fl(F)3491 |
| | 28918 | 4424 y Fw(=)d Fj(x)3649 4439 y Fl(1)3702 4424 y Fn(\000)472 |
| | 28919 | 4532 y Fj(x)527 4547 y Fl(2)567 4532 y Fw(.)0 4651 y |
| | 28920 | Fq(CKIN\(27\),)54 b(CKIN\(28\))f(:)48 b Fw(\(D=-1.,1.\))40 |
| | 28921 | b(range)28 b(of)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(cos)2416 4624 y(^)2409 |
| | 28922 | 4651 y Fj(\022)k Fw(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(in)g(a)h(hard)g(2)f |
| | 28923 | Fn(!)h Fw(2)f(scatter-)472 4779 y(ing,)32 b(where)952 |
| | 28924 | 4753 y(^)944 4779 y Fj(\022)k Fw(is)c(the)h(scattering)f(angle)g(in)g |
| | 28925 | (the)h(rest)g(frame)e(of)i(the)g(hard)f(in)m(teraction.)0 |
| | 28926 | 4899 y Fq(CKIN\(31\),)54 b(CKIN\(32\))f(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2.,-1.)j(GeV\))36 |
| | 28927 | b(range)f(of)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)53 b(^)-67 b Fj(m)2610 4863 |
| | 28928 | y Fk(0)2666 4899 y Fw(=)2775 4815 y Fn(p)p 2858 4815 |
| | 28929 | 70 4 v 2862 4899 a Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)2904 4871 y Fk(0)2963 |
| | 28930 | 4899 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)37 b(where)55 b(^)-67 b Fj(m)3655 |
| | 28931 | 4863 y Fk(0)3714 4899 y Fw(is)472 5008 y(the)40 b(mass)f(of)g(the)h |
| | 28932 | (complete)e(three-)i(or)e(four-b)s(o)s(dy)h(\014nal)f(state)i(in)e(2)h |
| | 28933 | Fn(!)g Fw(3)g(or)f(2)h Fn(!)g Fw(4)472 5116 y(pro)s(cesses)46 |
| | 28934 | b(\(while)60 b(^)-67 b Fj(m)p Fw(,)46 b(constrained)d(in)g |
| | 28935 | Fq(CKIN\(1\))h Fw(and)g Fq(CKIN\(2\))p Fw(,)j(here)d(corresp)s(onds)472 |
| | 28936 | 5224 y(to)35 b(the)g(one-)g(or)g(t)m(w)m(o-b)s(o)s(dy)g(cen)m(tral)g |
| | 28937 | (system\).)51 b(If)42 b Fq(CKIN\(32\))p Fj(<)33 b Fw(0)p |
| | 28938 | Fj(:)p Fw(,)j(the)f(upp)s(er)h(limit)31 b(is)472 5333 |
| | 28939 | y(inactiv)m(e.)0 5441 y Fq(CKIN\(35\),)54 b(CKIN\(36\))f(:)48 |
| | 28940 | b Fw(\(D=0.,-1.)43 b(GeV)1710 5405 y Fl(2)1749 5441 y |
| | 28941 | Fw(\))33 b(range)g(of)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f Fn(j)2574 5423 |
| | 28942 | y Fw(^)2573 5441 y Fj(t)p Fn(j)c Fw(=)g Fn(\000)2846 |
| | 28943 | 5423 y Fw(^)2845 5441 y Fj(t)34 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues)33 |
| | 28944 | b(in)f(2)c Fn(!)g Fw(2)33 b(pro-)472 5550 y(cesses.)46 |
| | 28945 | b(Note)30 b(that)f(for)h(deep)g(inelastic)f(scattering)g(this)h(is)f |
| | 28946 | (nothing)g(but)i(the)f Fj(Q)3482 5513 y Fl(2)3551 5550 |
| | 28947 | y Fw(scale,)472 5658 y(in)24 b(the)h(limit)d(that)i(initial-)d(and)j |
| | 28948 | (\014nal-state)g(radiation)f(is)h(neglected.)41 b(If)32 |
| | 28949 | b Fq(CKIN\(36\))p Fj(<)e Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(,)1817 5953 |
| | 28950 | y(146)p eop |
| | 28951 | %%Page: 147 153 |
| | 28952 | 147 152 bop 472 -18 a Fw(the)33 b(upp)s(er)h(limit)29 |
| | 28953 | b(is)j(inactiv)m(e.)0 90 y Fq(CKIN\(37\),)54 b(CKIN\(38\))f(:)48 |
| | 28954 | b Fw(\(D=0.,-1.)72 b(GeV)1739 54 y Fl(2)1779 90 y Fw(\))43 |
| | 28955 | b(range)g(of)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g Fn(j)6 b Fw(^)-55 b Fj(u)o |
| | 28956 | Fn(j)45 b Fw(=)g Fn(\000)6 b Fw(^)-55 b Fj(u)43 b Fw(v)-5 |
| | 28957 | b(alues)43 b(in)f(2)j Fn(!)g Fw(2)472 198 y(pro)s(cesses.)h(If)39 |
| | 28958 | b Fq(CKIN\(38\))p Fj(<)30 b Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(,)j(the)g(upp)s(er)g |
| | 28959 | (limit)c(is)j(inactiv)m(e.)0 307 y Fq(CKIN\(39\),)54 |
| | 28960 | b(CKIN\(40\))f(:)48 b Fw(\(D=4.,)40 b(-1.)64 b(GeV)1771 |
| | 28961 | 270 y Fl(2)1810 307 y Fw(\))40 b(the)f Fj(W)2168 270 |
| | 28962 | y Fl(2)2247 307 y Fw(range)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(in)h(DIS)g(pro)s(cesses,) |
| | 28963 | 44 b(i.e.)472 415 y(subpro)s(cess)34 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(10.)42 |
| | 28964 | b(If)d Fq(CKIN\(40\))p Fj(<)29 b Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(,)j(the)g(upp)s(er)g |
| | 28965 | (limit)c(is)j(inactiv)m(e.)42 b(Here)32 b Fj(W)3740 379 |
| | 28966 | y Fl(2)472 523 y Fw(is)f(de\014ned)h(in)e(terms)h(of)g |
| | 28967 | Fj(W)1501 487 y Fl(2)1567 523 y Fw(=)d Fj(Q)1748 487 |
| | 28968 | y Fl(2)1788 523 y Fw(\(1)18 b Fn(\000)i Fj(x)p Fw(\))p |
| | 28969 | Fj(=x)p Fw(.)43 b(This)31 b(form)m(ula)e(is)i(not)f(quite)h(correct,)h |
| | 28970 | (in)472 632 y(that)j Fi(\(i\))i Fw(it)d(neglects)h(the)g(target)f(mass) |
| | 28971 | g(\(for)g(a)g(proton\),)h(and)g Fi(\(ii\))i Fw(it)d(neglects)h |
| | 28972 | (initial-)472 740 y(state)29 b(photon)f(radiation)e(o\013)i(the)h |
| | 28973 | (incoming)d(electron.)42 b(It)28 b(should)h(b)s(e)f(go)s(o)s(d)f |
| | 28974 | (enough)i(for)472 848 y(lo)s(ose)j(cuts,)i(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)0 |
| | 28975 | 957 y Fq(CKIN\(41\))53 b(-)f(CKIN\(44\))h(:)48 b Fw |
| | 28976 | (\(D=12.,-1.,12.,-1.)75 b(GeV\))44 b(range)f(of)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(mass) |
| | 28977 | h(v)-5 b(alues)44 b(of)f(the)472 1065 y(t)m(w)m(o)30 |
| | 28978 | b(\(or)e(one\))i(resonances)g(pro)s(duced)g(in)e(a)h(`true')g(2)f |
| | 28979 | Fn(!)f Fw(2)i(pro)s(cess,)h(i.e.)42 b(one)29 b(not)g(\(only\))472 |
| | 28980 | 1173 y(pro)s(ceeding)j(through)g(a)g(single)f Fj(s)p |
| | 28981 | Fw(-c)m(hannel)h(resonance)i(\(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(1)h Fn(!)f |
| | 28982 | Fw(2\).)43 b(\(These)34 b(are)e(the)472 1282 y(ones)i(listed)e(as)h(2)c |
| | 28983 | Fn(!)f Fw(2)k(in)h(the)g(tables)g(in)f(section)h(8.1.\))45 |
| | 28984 | b(Only)32 b(particles)g(with)h(a)g(width)472 1390 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)e |
| | 28985 | Fq(PARP\(41\))h Fw(are)e(considered)h(as)f(b)s(ona)f(\014de)i |
| | 28986 | (resonances)g(and)f(tested)h(against)e(the)472 1498 y |
| | 28987 | Fq(CKIN)36 b Fw(limits;)c(particles)i(with)g(a)g(smaller)f(width)h(are) |
| | 28988 | h(put)f(on)h(the)g(mass)f(shell)g(without)472 1607 y(applying)e(an)m(y) |
| | 28989 | h(cuts.)45 b(The)33 b(exact)h(in)m(terpretation)d(of)h(the)h |
| | 28990 | Fq(CKIN)h Fw(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(dep)s(ends)k(on)472 |
| | 28991 | 1715 y(the)e(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h(of)e(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(pro)s(duced)f |
| | 28992 | (resonances.)472 1823 y(F)-8 b(or)41 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(resonances)h(lik)m |
| | 28993 | (e)d(Z)1588 1787 y Fl(0)1627 1823 y Fw(W)1728 1787 y |
| | 28994 | Fl(+)1829 1823 y Fw(\(pro)s(duced)i(from)e(\013)2604 |
| | 28995 | 1787 y Fk(0)2670 1823 y Fn(!)i Fw(Z)2872 1787 y Fl(0)2911 |
| | 28996 | 1823 y Fw(W)3012 1787 y Fl(+)3071 1823 y Fw(\),)i(whic)m(h)d(are)h(not) |
| | 28997 | 472 1932 y(iden)m(tical)31 b(and)i(whic)m(h)g(are)g(not)f(eac)m(h)i |
| | 28998 | (other's)f(an)m(tiparticles,)e(one)i(has)472 2040 y Fq(CKIN\(41\))p |
| | 28999 | Fj(<)d(m)1071 2055 y Fl(1)1139 2040 y Fj(<)p Fq(CKIN\(42\))p |
| | 29000 | Fw(,)k(and)472 2148 y Fq(CKIN\(43\))p Fj(<)c(m)1071 2163 |
| | 29001 | y Fl(2)1139 2148 y Fj(<)p Fq(CKIN\(44\))p Fw(,)472 2257 |
| | 29002 | y(where)44 b Fj(m)849 2272 y Fl(1)930 2257 y Fw(and)e |
| | 29003 | Fj(m)1214 2272 y Fl(2)1296 2257 y Fw(are)g(the)g(actually)f(generated)h |
| | 29004 | (masses)h(of)f(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(resonances,)472 2365 |
| | 29005 | y(and)29 b(1)f(and)h(2)f(are)g(de\014ned)i(b)m(y)f(the)g(order)g(in)e |
| | 29006 | (whic)m(h)i(they)h(are)e(giv)m(en)h(in)e(the)i(pro)s(duction)472 |
| | 29007 | 2473 y(pro)s(cess)34 b(sp)s(eci\014cation.)472 2582 y(F)-8 |
| | 29008 | b(or)35 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(resonances)i(lik)m(e)d(Z)1566 2546 |
| | 29009 | y Fl(0)1605 2582 y Fw(Z)1665 2546 y Fl(0)1704 2582 y |
| | 29010 | Fw(,)h(whic)m(h)g(are)g(iden)m(tical,)e(or)h(W)2861 2546 |
| | 29011 | y Fl(+)2921 2582 y Fw(W)3022 2546 y Fk(\000)3082 2582 |
| | 29012 | y Fw(,)h(whic)m(h)g(are)g(eac)m(h)472 2690 y(other's)e(an)m |
| | 29013 | (tiparticles,)d(one)i(instead)f(has)472 2798 y Fq(CKIN\(41\))p |
| | 29014 | Fj(<)e Fw(min)o(\()p Fj(m)1272 2813 y Fl(1)1311 2798 |
| | 29015 | y Fj(;)17 b(m)1440 2813 y Fl(2)1480 2798 y Fw(\))27 b |
| | 29016 | Fj(<)p Fq(CKIN\(42\))p Fw(,)35 b(and)472 2907 y Fq(CKIN\(43\))p |
| | 29017 | Fj(<)30 b Fw(max\()p Fj(m)1291 2922 y Fl(1)1330 2907 |
| | 29018 | y Fj(;)17 b(m)1459 2922 y Fl(2)1499 2907 y Fw(\))27 b |
| | 29019 | Fj(<)p Fq(CKIN\(44\))p Fw(.)472 3015 y(In)h(addition,)f(whatev)m(er)i |
| | 29020 | (limits)24 b(are)k(set)g(on)f Fq(CKIN\(1\))i Fw(and,)g(in)e |
| | 29021 | (particular,)f(on)i Fq(CKIN\(2\))472 3123 y Fw(ob)m(viously)33 |
| | 29022 | b(a\013ect)g(the)g(masses)g(actually)e(selected.)236 |
| | 29023 | 3232 y Fo(Note)37 b(1:)110 b Fw(If)32 b Fq(MSTP\(42\)=0)p |
| | 29024 | Fw(,)d(so)d(that)f(no)g(mass)g(smearing)f(is)h(allo)m(w)m(ed,)h(the)g |
| | 29025 | Fq(CKIN)g Fw(v)-5 b(alues)25 b(ha)m(v)m(e)709 3340 y(no)32 |
| | 29026 | b(e\013ect)i(\(the)f(same)f(as)h(for)f(particles)f(with)i(to)s(o)e |
| | 29027 | (narro)m(w)i(a)g(width\).)236 3448 y Fo(Note)k(2:)110 |
| | 29028 | b Fw(If)54 b Fq(CKIN\(42\))p Fj(<)p Fq(CKIN\(41\))d Fw(it)46 |
| | 29029 | b(means)h(that)g(the)g Fq(CKIN\(42\))j Fw(limit)43 b(is)k(inactiv)m(e;) |
| | 29030 | 709 3557 y(corresp)s(ondingly)-8 b(,)32 b(if)38 b Fq(CKIN\(44\))p |
| | 29031 | Fj(<)p Fq(CKIN\(43\))f Fw(then)c Fq(CKIN\(44\))i Fw(is)d(inactiv)m(e.) |
| | 29032 | 236 3665 y Fo(Note)37 b(3:)110 b Fw(If)40 b(limits)d(are)j(activ)m(e)g |
| | 29033 | (and)g(the)h(resonances)h(are)e(iden)m(tical,)g(it)f(is)h(up)g(to)g(y)m |
| | 29034 | (ou)h(to)709 3774 y(ensure)34 b(that)e Fq(CKIN\(41\))p |
| | 29035 | Fn(\024)p Fq(CKIN\(43\))37 b Fw(and)c Fq(CKIN\(42\))p |
| | 29036 | Fn(\024)p Fq(CKIN\(44\))p Fw(.)236 3882 y Fo(Note)k(4:)110 |
| | 29037 | b Fw(F)-8 b(or)33 b(iden)m(tical)g(resonances,)38 b(it)33 |
| | 29038 | b(is)h(not)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)g(preselect)i(whic)m(h)f(of)f(the)h(res-) |
| | 29039 | 709 3990 y(onances)h(is)e(the)h(ligh)m(ter)f(one;)i(if,)f(for)f |
| | 29040 | (instance,)i(one)f(Z)2785 3954 y Fl(0)2859 3990 y Fw(is)f(to)h(deca)m |
| | 29041 | (y)h(to)e(leptons)709 4099 y(and)40 b(the)i(other)e(to)h(quarks,)j |
| | 29042 | (there)d(is)f(no)h(mec)m(hanism)f(to)g(guaran)m(tee)i(that)e(the)709 |
| | 29043 | 4207 y(lepton)32 b(pair)f(has)i(a)g(mass)f(smaller)f(than)h(the)h |
| | 29044 | (quark)h(one.)236 4315 y Fo(Note)j(5:)110 b Fw(The)25 |
| | 29045 | b Fq(CKIN)f Fw(v)-5 b(alues)24 b(are)g(applied)f(to)h(all)e(relev)-5 |
| | 29046 | b(an)m(t)23 b(2)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(2)d(pro)s(cesses)i(equally)-8 |
| | 29047 | b(,)25 b(whic)m(h)709 4424 y(ma)m(y)35 b(not)g(b)s(e)h(what)g(one)g |
| | 29048 | (desires)g(if)e(sev)m(eral)i(pro)s(cesses)i(are)e(generated)g(sim)m |
| | 29049 | (ulta-)709 4532 y(neously)-8 b(.)58 b(Some)37 b(caution)g(is)g |
| | 29050 | (therefore)h(urged)g(in)f(the)h(use)g(of)f(the)h Fq(CKIN\(41\))53 |
| | 29051 | b(-)709 4640 y(CKIN\(44\))33 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues.)43 b(Also)31 |
| | 29052 | b(in)f(other)i(resp)s(ects,)h(users)g(are)e(recommended)h(to)f(tak)m(e) |
| | 29053 | 709 4749 y(prop)s(er)e(care:)42 b(if)27 b(a)i(Z)1482 |
| | 29054 | 4712 y Fl(0)1550 4749 y Fw(is)f(only)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)h(deca)m(y)h |
| | 29055 | (in)m(to)e(b)p 2829 4669 55 4 v(b,)i(for)f(example,)g(setting)709 |
| | 29056 | 4857 y(its)j(mass)g(range)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(2{8)f(GeV)g(is)g(ob)m(viously) |
| | 29057 | h(not)f(a)g(go)s(o)s(d)g(idea.)236 4965 y Fo(Note)37 |
| | 29058 | b(6:)110 b Fw(In)46 b(principle,)i(the)f(mac)m(hinery)f(should)g(w)m |
| | 29059 | (ork)h(for)f(an)m(y)h(2)j Fn(!)h Fw(2)45 b(pro)s(cess)j(with)709 |
| | 29060 | 5074 y(resonances)g(in)e(the)h(\014nal)f(state,)k(but)d(so)g(far)f(it)f |
| | 29061 | (has)i(only)f(b)s(een)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)j(for)709 5182 |
| | 29062 | y(pro)s(cesses)34 b(22{26,)e(so)h(also)e(from)h(this)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f |
| | 29063 | (some)i(caution)f(is)g(urged.)0 5290 y Fq(CKIN\(45\))53 |
| | 29064 | b(-)f(CKIN\(48\))h(:)48 b Fw(\(D=12.,-1.,12.,-1.)38 b(GeV\))24 |
| | 29065 | b(range)g(of)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(mass)h(v)-5 b(alues)24 |
| | 29066 | b(of)f(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)472 5399 y(\(or)38 b(one\))h(secondary)g |
| | 29067 | (resonances)h(pro)s(duced)g(in)d(a)h(2)f Fn(!)g Fw(1)g |
| | 29068 | Fn(!)g Fw(2)h(pro)s(cess)h(\(lik)m(e)f(gg)g Fn(!)472 |
| | 29069 | 5507 y Fw(H)545 5471 y Fl(0)613 5507 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(Z)800 |
| | 29070 | 5471 y Fl(0)839 5507 y Fw(Z)899 5471 y Fl(0)938 5507 |
| | 29071 | y Fw(\))c(or)g(ev)m(en)i(a)e(2)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(2)g Fn(!)h |
| | 29072 | Fw(4)23 b(\(or)g(3\))g(pro)s(cess)h(\(lik)m(e)f(q)p 2721 |
| | 29073 | 5454 52 4 v(q)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(Z)2988 5471 y Fl(0)3027 |
| | 29074 | 5507 y Fw(H)3100 5471 y Fl(0)3167 5507 y Fn(!)f Fw(Z)3354 |
| | 29075 | 5471 y Fl(0)3393 5507 y Fw(W)3494 5471 y Fl(+)3554 5507 |
| | 29076 | y Fw(W)3655 5471 y Fk(\000)3714 5507 y Fw(\).)472 5615 |
| | 29077 | y(Note)j(that)f(these)i Fq(CKIN)g Fw(v)-5 b(alues)29 |
| | 29078 | b(only)g(a\013ect)h(the)g(secondary)g(resonances;)j(the)d(primary)1817 |
| | 29079 | 5953 y(147)p eop |
| | 29080 | %%Page: 148 154 |
| | 29081 | 148 153 bop 472 -18 a Fw(ones)37 b(are)g(constrained)f(b)m(y)j |
| | 29082 | Fq(CKIN\(1\))p Fw(,)g Fq(CKIN\(2\))f Fw(and)e Fq(CKIN\(41\))54 |
| | 29083 | b(-)d(CKIN\(44\))38 b Fw(\(indi-)472 90 y(rectly)-8 b(,)43 |
| | 29084 | b(of)c(course,)k(the)e(c)m(hoice)g(of)e(primary)g(resonance)j(masses)f |
| | 29085 | (a\013ects)g(the)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)472 198 y(mass)c(range)g(for)f(the)h |
| | 29086 | (secondary)h(ones\).)53 b(What)36 b(is)f(considered)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(a)f |
| | 29087 | (resonance)i(is)472 307 y(de\014ned)42 b(b)m(y)g Fq(PARP\(41\))p |
| | 29088 | Fw(;)k(particles)40 b(with)f(a)h(width)g(smaller)e(than)i(this)g(are)g |
| | 29089 | (automat-)472 415 y(ically)e(put)i(on)g(the)g(mass)g(shell.)64 |
| | 29090 | b(The)41 b(description)e(closely)h(parallels)d(the)j(one)g(giv)m(en)472 |
| | 29091 | 523 y(for)32 b Fq(CKIN\(41\))53 b(-)f(CKIN\(44\))p Fw(.)45 |
| | 29092 | b(Th)m(us,)34 b(for)e(t)m(w)m(o)h(resonances)g(that)f(are)g(not)g(iden) |
| | 29093 | m(tical)f(or)472 632 y(eac)m(h)j(other's)f(an)m(tiparticles,)e(one)i |
| | 29094 | (has)472 740 y Fq(CKIN\(45\))p Fj(<)d(m)1071 755 y Fl(1)1139 |
| | 29095 | 740 y Fj(<)p Fq(CKIN\(46\))p Fw(,)k(and)472 848 y Fq(CKIN\(47\))p |
| | 29096 | Fj(<)c(m)1071 863 y Fl(2)1139 848 y Fj(<)p Fq(CKIN\(48\))p |
| | 29097 | Fw(,)472 957 y(where)44 b Fj(m)849 972 y Fl(1)930 957 |
| | 29098 | y Fw(and)e Fj(m)1214 972 y Fl(2)1296 957 y Fw(are)g(the)g(actually)f |
| | 29099 | (generated)h(masses)h(of)f(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(resonances,)472 |
| | 29100 | 1065 y(and)31 b(1)f(and)h(2)f(are)g(de\014ned)i(b)m(y)g(the)e(order)h |
| | 29101 | (in)f(whic)m(h)h(they)g(giv)m(en)g(in)e(the)i(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannel)472 |
| | 29102 | 1173 y(sp)s(eci\014cation)27 b(in)g(the)h(program)e(\(see)j(e.g.)42 |
| | 29103 | b(output)28 b(from)e Fq(PYSTAT\(2\))k Fw(or)d Fq(LULIST\(12\))p |
| | 29104 | Fw(\).)472 1282 y(F)-8 b(or)30 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(resonances)i(that)e(are)g |
| | 29105 | (iden)m(tical)f(or)g(eac)m(h)i(other's)g(an)m(tiparticles,)e(one)h |
| | 29106 | (instead)472 1390 y(has)472 1498 y Fq(CKIN\(45\))p Fj(<)g |
| | 29107 | Fw(min)o(\()p Fj(m)1272 1513 y Fl(1)1311 1498 y Fj(;)17 |
| | 29108 | b(m)1440 1513 y Fl(2)1480 1498 y Fw(\))27 b Fj(<)p Fq(CKIN\(46\))p |
| | 29109 | Fw(,)35 b(and)472 1607 y Fq(CKIN\(47\))p Fj(<)30 b Fw(max\()p |
| | 29110 | Fj(m)1291 1622 y Fl(1)1330 1607 y Fj(;)17 b(m)1459 1622 |
| | 29111 | y Fl(2)1499 1607 y Fw(\))27 b Fj(<)p Fq(CKIN\(48\))p |
| | 29112 | Fw(.)236 1715 y Fo(Notes)37 b(1)h(-)f(5:)48 b Fw(as)32 |
| | 29113 | b(for)h Fq(CKIN\(41\))53 b(-)e(CKIN\(44\))p Fw(,)35 b(with)d(trivial)e |
| | 29114 | (mo)s(di\014cations.)236 1823 y Fo(Note)37 b(6:)110 b |
| | 29115 | Fw(Setting)58 b(limits)f(on)i(secondary)h(resonance)h(masses)f(is)f(p)s |
| | 29116 | (ossible)g(in)f(an)m(y)i(of)709 1932 y(the)48 b(c)m(hannels)h(of)f(the) |
| | 29117 | h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(t)m(yp)s(es)j(\(see)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e\).)91 |
| | 29118 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)55 b(so)48 b(far)g(only)709 2040 |
| | 29119 | y(H)782 2004 y Fl(0)858 2040 y Fn(!)37 b Fw(Z)1055 2004 |
| | 29120 | y Fl(0)1094 2040 y Fw(Z)1154 2004 y Fl(0)1231 2040 y |
| | 29121 | Fw(and)h(H)1499 2004 y Fl(0)1575 2040 y Fn(!)f Fw(W)1813 |
| | 29122 | 2004 y Fl(+)1872 2040 y Fw(W)1973 2004 y Fk(\000)2071 |
| | 29123 | 2040 y Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)g(fully)d(implemen)m(ted,)i(suc)m(h)i |
| | 29124 | (that)709 2148 y(an)33 b(arbitrary)f(mass)i(range)f(b)s(elo)m(w)g(the)h |
| | 29125 | (na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)34 b(mass)f(threshold)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f |
| | 29126 | (pic)m(k)m(ed.)709 2257 y(F)-8 b(or)27 b(other)h(p)s(ossible)g |
| | 29127 | (resonances,)j(an)m(y)e(restrictions)f(made)f(on)h(the)h(allo)m(w)m(ed) |
| | 29128 | f(mass)709 2365 y(range)35 b(are)f(not)h(re\015ected)i(in)d(the)h |
| | 29129 | (cross)h(section;)g(and)f(further)g(it)f(is)h(not)f(recom-)709 |
| | 29130 | 2473 y(mendable)42 b(to)g(pic)m(k)h(mass)g(windo)m(ws)h(that)e(mak)m(e) |
| | 29131 | h(a)g(deca)m(y)h(on)e(the)i(mass)e(shell)709 2582 y(imp)s(ossible.)f |
| | 29132 | (These)34 b(limitations)29 b(will)h(b)s(e)j(relaxed)f(in)g(future)h(v)m |
| | 29133 | (ersions.)0 2690 y Fq(CKIN\(51\))53 b(-)f(CKIN\(56\))h(:)48 |
| | 29134 | b Fw(\(D=0.,-1.,0.,-1.,0.,-1.)87 b(GeV\))48 b(range)h(of)e(allo)m(w)m |
| | 29135 | (ed)h(transv)m(erse)i(mo-)472 2798 y(men)m(ta)25 b(in)f(a)h(true)g(2)j |
| | 29136 | Fn(!)f Fw(3)d(pro)s(cess.)43 b(Curren)m(tly)25 b(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 29137 | (di\013eren)m(t)f(alternativ)m(es)f(are)h(around.)472 |
| | 29138 | 2907 y(F)-8 b(or)30 b(subpro)s(cess)j(131,)e(the)g Fj(p)1550 |
| | 29139 | 2922 y Fk(?)1640 2907 y Fw(of)f(the)h(\014rst)h(pro)s(duct)f(\(the)g(Z) |
| | 29140 | 2743 2871 y Fl(0)2782 2907 y Fw(\))g(is)f(set)i(b)m(y)h |
| | 29141 | Fq(CKIN\(3\))f Fw(and)472 3015 y Fq(CKIN\(4\))p Fw(,)j(while)d(for)g |
| | 29142 | (the)h(quark)g(and)g(an)m(tiquark)f Fj(p)2419 3030 y |
| | 29143 | Fk(?)2478 3015 y Fw('s)i(one)e(has)472 3123 y Fq(CKIN\(51\))p |
| | 29144 | Fj(<)e Fw(min)o(\()p Fj(p)1236 3138 y Fk(?)p Fl(q)1332 |
| | 29145 | 3123 y Fj(;)17 b(p)1425 3138 y Fk(?)p 1481 3100 38 4 |
| | 29146 | v Fl(q)1521 3123 y Fw(\))27 b Fj(<)p Fq(CKIN\(52\))p |
| | 29147 | Fw(,)35 b(and)472 3232 y Fq(CKIN\(53\))p Fj(<)30 b Fw(max\()p |
| | 29148 | Fj(p)1255 3247 y Fk(?)p Fl(q)1351 3232 y Fj(;)17 b(p)1444 |
| | 29149 | 3247 y Fk(?)p 1500 3208 V Fl(q)1540 3232 y Fw(\))27 b |
| | 29150 | Fj(<)p Fq(CKIN\(54\))p Fw(.)472 3340 y(Negativ)m(e)33 |
| | 29151 | b Fq(CKIN\(52\))h Fw(and)e Fq(CKIN\(54\))i Fw(v)-5 b(alues)32 |
| | 29152 | b(means)g(that)f(the)i(corresp)s(onding)f(limits)472 |
| | 29153 | 3448 y(are)d(inactiv)m(e.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)29 b(subpro)s(cesses)j |
| | 29154 | (121{124,)c(and)h(their)f(H)2654 3412 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2742 |
| | 29155 | 3448 y Fw(and)h(A)3001 3412 y Fl(0)3070 3448 y Fw(equiv)-5 |
| | 29156 | b(alen)m(ts)29 b(\(173,)472 3557 y(174,)39 b(178,)g(179,)g(181,)f(182,) |
| | 29157 | h(186,)g(187\),)g Fq(CKIN\(51\))53 b(-)e(CKIN\(54\))41 |
| | 29158 | b Fw(again)36 b(corresp)s(onds)472 3665 y(to)e Fj(p)642 |
| | 29159 | 3680 y Fk(?)735 3665 y Fw(ranges)g(for)g(scattered)h(partons,)g(but)f |
| | 29160 | (in)f(order)i(of)e(app)s(earance,)i(i.e.)47 b Fq(CKIN\(51\))472 |
| | 29161 | 3774 y(-)52 b(CKIN\(52\))32 b Fw(for)e(the)h(parton)f(scattered)i |
| | 29162 | (o\013)e(the)g(b)s(eam)g(and)g Fq(CKIN\(53\))54 b(-)d(CKIN\(54\))472 |
| | 29163 | 3882 y Fw(for)25 b(the)g(one)g(scattered)h(o\013)f(the)g(target.)41 |
| | 29164 | b Fq(CKIN\(55\))27 b Fw(and)e Fq(CKIN\(56\))i Fw(here)f(sets)g |
| | 29165 | Fj(p)3457 3897 y Fk(?)3541 3882 y Fw(limits)472 3990 |
| | 29166 | y(for)38 b(the)h(third)e(pro)s(duct,)j(the)e(H)1696 3954 |
| | 29167 | y Fl(0)1736 3990 y Fw(,)i(i.e.)59 b(the)39 b Fq(CKIN\(3\))h |
| | 29168 | Fw(and)e Fq(CKIN\(4\))i Fw(v)-5 b(alues)38 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(no)472 |
| | 29169 | 4099 y(e\013ect)29 b(for)f(this)f(pro)s(cess.)43 b(Since)28 |
| | 29170 | b(the)h Fj(p)1894 4114 y Fk(?)1981 4099 y Fw(of)e(the)h(Higgs)f(is)h |
| | 29171 | (not)g(one)g(of)f(the)i(primary)d(v)-5 b(ari-)472 4207 |
| | 29172 | y(ables)30 b(selected,)h(an)m(y)f(constrain)m(ts)g(here)g(ma)m(y)f |
| | 29173 | (mean)g(reduced)i(Mon)m(te)g(Carlo)d(e\016ciency)-8 b(,)472 |
| | 29174 | 4315 y(while)30 b(for)g(these)h(pro)s(cesses)h Fq(CKIN\(51\))54 |
| | 29175 | b(-)d(CKIN\(54\))33 b Fw(are)d(`hardwired')h(and)f(therefore)472 |
| | 29176 | 4424 y(do)j(not)f(cost)h(an)m(ything.)0 4697 y Fp(9.3)135 |
| | 29177 | b(The)45 b(General)g(Switc)l(hes)h(and)f(P)l(arameters)0 |
| | 29178 | 4870 y Fw(The)e Fq(PYPARS)g Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)h(con)m(tains)g |
| | 29179 | (the)g(status)h(co)s(de)f(and)g(parameters)g(that)g(regulate)f(the)0 |
| | 29180 | 4979 y(p)s(erformance)25 b(of)g(the)h(program.)39 b(All)24 |
| | 29181 | b(of)h(them)g(are)g(pro)m(vided)h(with)f(sensible)h(default)e(v)-5 |
| | 29182 | b(alues,)27 b(so)f(that)0 5087 y(a)32 b(no)m(vice)h(user)h(can)f |
| | 29183 | (neglect)f(them,)h(and)f(only)g(gradually)f(explore)i(the)g(full)e |
| | 29184 | (range)h(of)g(p)s(ossibilities.)0 5195 y(Some)d(of)f(the)h(switc)m(hes) |
| | 29185 | i(and)e(parameters)g(in)f Fq(PYPARS)j Fw(will)26 b(b)s(e)j(describ)s |
| | 29186 | (ed)h(later,)f(in)f(the)i(sho)m(w)m(er)g(and)0 5304 y(b)s(eam)i(remnan) |
| | 29187 | m(ts)h(sections.)p 0 5428 2876 9 v 0 5653 9 225 v 79 |
| | 29188 | 5569 a Fq(COMMON/PYPARS/MSTP\(200\),)q(PARP)q(\(200)q(\),MS)q(TI\()q |
| | 29189 | (200\))q(,PAR)q(I\(20)q(0\))p 2867 5653 V 0 5661 2876 |
| | 29190 | 9 v 1817 5953 a Fw(148)p eop |
| | 29191 | %%Page: 149 155 |
| | 29192 | 149 154 bop 0 -18 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)30 b(giv)m(e)g(access)j |
| | 29193 | (to)d(status)h(co)s(de)g(and)f(parameters)h(that)f(regulate)g(the)h(p)s |
| | 29194 | (erformance)f(of)472 90 y(the)37 b(program.)51 b(If)35 |
| | 29195 | b(the)h(default)f(v)-5 b(alues,)37 b(denoted)f(b)s(elo)m(w)g(b)m(y)g |
| | 29196 | (\(D=.)16 b(.)g(.)g(\),)37 b(are)f(not)f(satis-)472 198 |
| | 29197 | y(factory)-8 b(,)36 b(they)f(m)m(ust)g(in)f(general)g(b)s(e)h(c)m |
| | 29198 | (hanged)g(b)s(efore)g(the)g Fq(PYINIT)h Fw(call.)48 b(Exceptions,)472 |
| | 29199 | 307 y(i.e.)43 b(v)-5 b(ariables)32 b(that)g(can)h(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)g |
| | 29200 | (for)f(eac)m(h)i(new)f(ev)m(en)m(t,)i(are)e(denoted)g(b)m(y)h(\(C\).)0 |
| | 29201 | 415 y Fq(MSTP\(1\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=3\))31 b(maxim)m(um)f(n)m(um)m(b) |
| | 29202 | s(er)j(of)f(generations.)44 b(Automatically)29 b(set)34 |
| | 29203 | b Fn(\024)28 b Fw(4.)0 523 y Fq(MSTP\(2\))53 b(:)48 b |
| | 29204 | Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(calculation)f(of)i Fj(\013)1482 538 y |
| | 29205 | Fl(s)1547 523 y Fw(at)g(hard)h(in)m(teraction,)e(in)h(the)h(routine)f |
| | 29206 | Fq(ULALPS)p Fw(.)236 632 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fj(\013)771 |
| | 29207 | 647 y Fl(s)835 632 y Fw(is)32 b(\014xed)i(at)e(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 29208 | b Fq(PARU\(111\))p Fw(.)236 740 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 29209 | b Fw(\014rst-order)32 b(running)h Fj(\013)1590 755 y |
| | 29210 | Fl(s)1622 740 y Fw(.)236 848 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b |
| | 29211 | Fw(second-order)33 b(running)f Fj(\013)1703 863 y Fl(s)1735 |
| | 29212 | 848 y Fw(.)0 957 y Fq(MSTP\(3\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))31 |
| | 29213 | b(selection)h(of)g(\003)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(in)f Fj(\013)1851 |
| | 29214 | 972 y Fl(s)1916 957 y Fw(for)h Fq(MSTP\(2\))p Fn(\025)e |
| | 29215 | Fw(1.)236 1065 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(\003)34 b(is)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m |
| | 29216 | (y)j Fq(PARP\(1\))f Fw(for)e(hard)h(in)m(teractions,)f(b)m(y)j |
| | 29217 | Fq(PARP\(61\))g Fw(for)d(space-lik)m(e)709 1173 y(sho)m(w)m(ers,)i(b)m |
| | 29218 | (y)f Fq(PARP\(72\))h Fw(for)d(time-lik)m(e)e(sho)m(w)m(ers)36 |
| | 29219 | b(not)d(from)f(a)h(resonance)i(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)709 1282 |
| | 29220 | y(and)23 b(b)m(y)j Fq(PARJ\(81\))g Fw(for)c(time-lik)m(e)f(ones)k(from) |
| | 29221 | d(a)h(resonance)i(deca)m(y)g(\(including)c(e.g.)709 1390 |
| | 29222 | y Fj(\015)5 b(=)p Fw(Z)874 1354 y Fl(0)948 1390 y Fn(!)35 |
| | 29223 | b Fw(q)p 1134 1337 52 4 v(q)k(deca)m(ys,)h(i.e.)57 b(con)m(v)m(en)m |
| | 29224 | (tional)38 b(e)2360 1354 y Fl(+)2419 1390 y Fw(e)2462 |
| | 29225 | 1354 y Fk(\000)2559 1390 y Fw(ph)m(ysics\).)59 b(This)37 |
| | 29226 | b(\003)g(is)g(assumed)709 1498 y(to)29 b(b)s(e)h(v)-5 |
| | 29227 | b(alid)29 b(for)g(5)h(\015a)m(v)m(ours;)i(for)e(the)g(hard)g(in)m |
| | 29228 | (teraction)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)e(\015a)m(v)m(ours)709 |
| | 29229 | 1607 y(assumed)k(can)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)g(b)m(y)i Fq(MSTU\(112\))p |
| | 29230 | Fw(.)236 1715 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(\003)48 b(v)-5 |
| | 29231 | b(alue)49 b(is)f(c)m(hosen)j(according)e(to)f(the)i |
| | 29232 | (parton-distribution-function)45 b(para-)709 1823 y(metrizations,)30 |
| | 29233 | b(i.e.)43 b(\003)32 b(=)f(0.20)h(GeV)g(for)f(EHLQ1,)i(=)e(0.29)h(GeV)g |
| | 29234 | (for)f(EHLQ2,)i(=)709 1932 y(0.20)e(GeV)h(for)f(DO1,)g(=)h(0.40)f(GeV)h |
| | 29235 | (for)f(DO2,)g(=)h(0.213)e(GeV)i(for)g(CTEQ2M,)h(=)709 |
| | 29236 | 2040 y(0.208)38 b(GeV)g(for)h(CTEQ2MS,)h(=)e(0.208)g(GeV)h(for)f |
| | 29237 | (CTEQ2MF,)i(=)f(0.322)f(GeV)709 2148 y(for)33 b(CTEQ2ML,)j(=)e(0.190)f |
| | 29238 | (GeV)i(for)e(CTEQ2L,)j(=)e(0.235)f(GeV)h(for)g(CTEQ2D,)709 |
| | 29239 | 2257 y(=)29 b(0.25)g(GeV)h(for)f(GR)-11 b(V)29 b(LO,)h(and)f(similarly) |
| | 29240 | d(for)j(parton-distribution)e(functions)709 2365 y(in)34 |
| | 29241 | b(the)h Fm(Pdflib)h Fw(library)d(\(cf.)51 b(\()p Fq(MSTP\(51\))p |
| | 29242 | Fw(,)38 b Fq(MSTP\(52\))p Fw(\).)53 b(The)36 b(c)m(hoice)f(is)g(alw)m |
| | 29243 | (a)m(ys)709 2473 y(based)28 b(on)g(the)g(proton)f(parton-distribution)e |
| | 29244 | (set)j(selected,)i(i.e.)42 b(is)27 b(una\013ected)i(b)m(y)709 |
| | 29245 | 2582 y(pion)24 b(and)h(photon)g(parton-distribution)d(selection.)41 |
| | 29246 | b(All)23 b(the)i(\003)g(v)-5 b(alues)25 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(are)709 |
| | 29247 | 2690 y(assumed)31 b(to)f(refer)g(to)g(4)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)j(and)d |
| | 29248 | Fq(MSTU\(112\))j Fw(is)d(set)h(accordingly)-8 b(.)41 |
| | 29249 | b(This)31 b(\003)709 2798 y(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)g(used)h(b)s(oth)g(for) |
| | 29250 | f(the)h(hard)f(scattering)h(and)f(the)h(initial-)c(and)j(\014nal-state) |
| | 29251 | 709 2907 y(radiation.)41 b(The)33 b(am)m(biguit)m(y)e(in)h(the)h(c)m |
| | 29252 | (hoice)g(of)f(the)h Fj(Q)2750 2871 y Fl(2)2822 2907 y |
| | 29253 | Fw(argumen)m(t)f(still)e(remains)709 3015 y(\(see)37 |
| | 29254 | b Fq(MSTP\(32\))p Fw(,)i Fq(MSTP\(64\))f Fw(and)e Fq(MSTJ\(44\))p |
| | 29255 | Fw(\).)56 b(This)37 b(\003)e(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(is)g(used)h(also)e(for) |
| | 29256 | 709 3123 y Fq(MSTP\(57\)=0)p Fw(,)30 b(but)d(the)g(sensible)g(c)m |
| | 29257 | (hoice)g(here)g(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(to)f(use)h Fq(MSTP\(2\)=0)i |
| | 29258 | Fw(and)709 3232 y(ha)m(v)m(e)j(no)f(initial-)26 b(or)31 |
| | 29259 | b(\014nal-state)f(radiation.)41 b(This)31 b(option)f(do)s(es)h |
| | 29260 | Fi(not)40 b Fw(c)m(hange)32 b(the)709 3340 y Fq(PARJ\(81\))37 |
| | 29261 | b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)g(timelik)m(e)e(parton)j(sho)m(w)m(ers)h(in)e |
| | 29262 | (resonance)i(deca)m(ys,)h(so)e(that)709 3448 y(LEP)26 |
| | 29263 | b(exp)s(erience)i(on)e(this)f(sp)s(eci\014c)i(parameter)e(is)h(not)g(o) |
| | 29264 | m(v)m(erwritten)h(un)m(wittingly)-8 b(.)709 3557 y(Therefore)33 |
| | 29265 | b Fq(PARJ\(81\))i Fw(can)e(b)s(e)g(up)s(dated)g(completely)e(indep)s |
| | 29266 | (enden)m(tly)-8 b(.)236 3665 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b |
| | 29267 | Fw(as)33 b Fq(=2)p Fw(,)g(except)i(that)e(here)g(also)f |
| | 29268 | Fq(PARJ\(81\))j Fw(is)e(o)m(v)m(erwritten)h(in)e(accordance)i(with)709 |
| | 29269 | 3774 y(the)f(\003)f(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)g(the)h(proton)f |
| | 29270 | (parton-distribution-function)d(set.)0 3882 y Fq(MSTP\(4\))53 |
| | 29271 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))31 b(treatmen)m(t)i(of)f(the)h(Higgs)f(sector,)h |
| | 29272 | (predominan)m(tly)e(the)i(neutral)f(one.)236 3990 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29273 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(the)38 b(H)955 3954 y Fl(0)1033 3990 |
| | 29274 | y Fw(is)g(giv)m(en)h(the)f(Standard)h(Mo)s(del)f(Higgs)f(couplings,)i |
| | 29275 | (while)f(H)3375 3954 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)3472 3990 y Fw(and)g(A)3740 |
| | 29276 | 3954 y Fl(0)709 4099 y Fw(couplings)49 b(should)h(b)s(e)g(set)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 29277 | (the)f(user)h(in)f Fq(PARU\(171\))j(-)f(PARU\(175\))g |
| | 29278 | Fw(and)709 4207 y Fq(PARU\(181\))h(-)f(PARU\(185\))p |
| | 29279 | Fw(,)35 b(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)236 4315 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29280 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)61 b(user)h(should)g(set)g(couplings)e(for)h(all)e |
| | 29281 | (three)j(Higgses,)68 b(for)61 b(the)g(H)3597 4279 y Fl(0)3698 |
| | 29282 | 4315 y Fw(in)709 4424 y Fq(PARU\(161\))53 b(-)f(PARU\(165\))p |
| | 29283 | Fw(,)35 b(and)e(for)f(the)h(H)2425 4387 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2516 |
| | 29284 | 4424 y Fw(and)f(A)2778 4387 y Fl(0)2851 4424 y Fw(as)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.) |
| | 29285 | 236 4532 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(the)27 b(mass)g(of)g(H)1284 |
| | 29286 | 4496 y Fl(0)1350 4532 y Fw(in)f Fq(PMAS\(25,1\))k Fw(and)d(the)g(tan)17 |
| | 29287 | b Fj(\014)32 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(in)f Fq(PARU\(141\))j |
| | 29288 | Fw(are)e(used)709 4640 y(to)d(deriv)m(e)h(H)1172 4604 |
| | 29289 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1231 4640 y Fw(,)h(A)1357 4604 y Fl(0)1421 |
| | 29290 | 4640 y Fw(and)e(H)1675 4604 y Fk(\006)1759 4640 y Fw(masses,)j(and)d(H) |
| | 29291 | 2355 4604 y Fl(0)2395 4640 y Fw(,)i(H)2521 4604 y Fk(0)p |
| | 29292 | Fl(0)2579 4640 y Fw(,)h(A)2706 4604 y Fl(0)2769 4640 |
| | 29293 | y Fw(and)e(H)3024 4604 y Fk(\006)3108 4640 y Fw(couplings,)g(using)709 |
| | 29294 | 4749 y(the)35 b(relations)e(of)h(the)h(Minimal)c(Sup)s(ersymmetric)k |
| | 29295 | (extension)g(of)f(the)h(Standard)709 4857 y(Mo)s(del)22 |
| | 29296 | b(at)h(Born)h(lev)m(el)f([Gun90)o(].)41 b(Existing)22 |
| | 29297 | b(masses)i(and)g(couplings)e(are)h(o)m(v)m(erwrit-)709 |
| | 29298 | 4965 y(ten)34 b(b)m(y)i(the)e(deriv)m(ed)h(v)-5 b(alues.)49 |
| | 29299 | b(See)35 b(section)g(8.4.3)e(for)h(discussion)h(on)f(parameter)709 |
| | 29300 | 5074 y(constrain)m(ts.)236 5182 y Fq(=)52 b(3:)268 b |
| | 29301 | Fw(as)38 b Fq(=2)p Fw(,)j(but)e(using)f(relations)f(at)h(the)h(one-lo)s |
| | 29302 | (op)e(lev)m(el.)61 b(This)39 b(option)e(is)h(not)g(y)m(et)709 |
| | 29303 | 5290 y(implemen)m(ted.)0 5399 y Fq(MSTP\(5\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 29304 | b Fw(\(D=0\))31 b(presence)k(of)d(anomalous)f(couplings)h(in)f(pro)s |
| | 29305 | (cesses.)236 5507 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(absen)m(t.)236 |
| | 29306 | 5615 y Fn(\025)p Fq(1)52 b(:)242 b Fw(presen)m(t,)34 |
| | 29307 | b(wherev)m(er)h(implemen)m(ted.)42 b(See)33 b(section)g(8.5.4)f(for)g |
| | 29308 | (further)h(details.)1817 5953 y(149)p eop |
| | 29309 | %%Page: 150 156 |
| | 29310 | 150 155 bop 0 -18 a Fq(MSTP\(6\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))i(usage)i(of)e |
| | 29311 | (the)i(fourth-generation)e(fermions)g(to)h(sim)m(ulate)f(other)h |
| | 29312 | (fermion)472 90 y(kinds.)236 198 y Fq(=)h(0)f(:)217 b |
| | 29313 | Fw(none,)33 b(i.e.)43 b(can)33 b(b)s(e)f(used)i(as)f(a)f(standard)h |
| | 29314 | (fourth)g(generation.)236 307 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b |
| | 29315 | Fw(excited)28 b(fermions,)g(as)g(presen)m(t)i(in)d(comp)s(ositeness)h |
| | 29316 | (scenarios;)i(see)f(section)f(8.5.5.)0 415 y Fq(MSTP\(7\))53 |
| | 29317 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))c(c)m(hoice)i(of)e(hea)m(vy)j(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(in) |
| | 29318 | f(subpro)s(cesses)j(81{85.)81 b(Do)s(es)45 b(not)g(apply)g(for)472 |
| | 29319 | 523 y Fq(MSEL=4-8)p Fw(,)35 b(where)f(the)f(MSEL)g(v)-5 |
| | 29320 | b(alue)32 b(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(tak)m(es)f(precedence.)236 |
| | 29321 | 632 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(for)28 b(pro)s(cesses)j(81{84)d(\(85\))g |
| | 29322 | (the)h(`hea)m(viest')h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(for)h(gluon)f |
| | 29323 | (\(photon\))709 740 y(splitting)d(in)m(to)i(a)g(quark{an)m(tiquark)h |
| | 29324 | (\(fermion{an)m(tifermion\))c(pair,)j(as)h(set)g(in)f(the)709 |
| | 29325 | 848 y Fq(MDME)h Fw(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)42 b(Note)28 b(that)f(`hea)m(vy')j |
| | 29326 | (is)d(de\014ned)i(as)f(the)g(one)g(with)f(largest)g(KF)g(co)s(de,)709 |
| | 29327 | 957 y(so)32 b(that)h(leptons)f(tak)m(e)i(precedence)h(if)c(they)j(are)e |
| | 29328 | (allo)m(w)m(ed.)236 1065 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(-)h(8)f(:)d |
| | 29329 | Fw(pic)m(k)35 b(this)g(particular)f(quark)i(\015a)m(v)m(our;)h(e.g.,)f |
| | 29330 | Fq(MSTP\(7\)=6)i Fw(means)d(that)g(top)g(will)709 1173 |
| | 29331 | y(b)s(e)d(pro)s(duced.)236 1282 y Fq(=)52 b(11)g(-)f(18)h(:)47 |
| | 29332 | b Fw(pic)m(k)31 b(this)e(particular)f(lepton)h(\015a)m(v)m(our.)44 |
| | 29333 | b(Note)30 b(that)f(neutrinos)h(are)g(not)f(p)s(ossi-)709 |
| | 29334 | 1390 y(ble,)k(i.e.)45 b(only)33 b(11,)g(13,)g(15)g(and)g(17)g(are)g |
| | 29335 | (meaningful)e(alternativ)m(es.)46 b(Lepton)34 b(pair)709 |
| | 29336 | 1498 y(pro)s(duction)d(can)h(only)g(o)s(ccur)g(in)f(pro)s(cess)i(85,)f |
| | 29337 | (so)g(if)f(an)m(y)h(of)g(the)g(other)g(pro)s(cesses)709 |
| | 29338 | 1607 y(ha)m(v)m(e)27 b(b)s(een)h(switc)m(hed)f(on)g(they)g(are)f |
| | 29339 | (generated)i(with)e(the)g(same)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(as)g(w)m(ould)709 |
| | 29340 | 1715 y(b)s(e)32 b(obtained)g(in)g(the)h(option)f Fq(MSTP\(7\)=0)p |
| | 29341 | Fw(.)0 1823 y Fq(MSTP\(8\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))41 |
| | 29342 | b(c)m(hoice)h(of)g(electro)m(w)m(eak)i(parameters)e(to)g(use)h(in)f |
| | 29343 | (the)g(deca)m(y)i(widths)e(of)g(res-)472 1932 y(onances)51 |
| | 29344 | b(\(W)q(,)k(Z,)f(H,)h(.)16 b(.)g(.)g(\))96 b(and)50 b(cross)h(sections) |
| | 29345 | g(\(pro)s(duction)e(of)h(W)q('s,)55 b(Z's,)g(H's,)472 |
| | 29346 | 2040 y(.)16 b(.)g(.)g(\).)236 2148 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 29347 | b Fw(ev)m(erything)26 b(is)f(expressed)j(in)d(terms)g(of)g(a)h(running) |
| | 29348 | f Fj(\013)2670 2163 y Fl(em)2764 2148 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)2879 |
| | 29349 | 2112 y Fl(2)2919 2148 y Fw(\))g(and)g(a)h(\014xed)g(sin)3587 |
| | 29350 | 2109 y Fl(2)3626 2148 y Fj(\022)3671 2163 y Fh(W)3752 |
| | 29351 | 2148 y Fw(,)709 2257 y(i.e.)43 b Fj(G)954 2272 y Fl(F)1036 |
| | 29352 | 2257 y Fw(is)32 b(no)m(where)i(used.)236 2365 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29353 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(a)40 b(replacemen)m(t)g(is)g(made)f(according)h(to)g |
| | 29354 | Fj(\013)2359 2380 y Fl(em)2453 2365 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)2568 |
| | 29355 | 2329 y Fl(2)2608 2365 y Fw(\))g Fn(!)2827 2283 y(p)p |
| | 29356 | 2910 2283 49 4 v 82 x Fw(2)p Fj(G)3036 2380 y Fl(F)3086 |
| | 29357 | 2365 y Fj(m)3171 2329 y Fl(2)3171 2390 y(W)3265 2365 |
| | 29358 | y Fw(sin)3385 2325 y Fl(2)3424 2365 y Fj(\022)3469 2380 |
| | 29359 | y Fh(W)3550 2365 y Fj(=\031)k Fw(in)709 2473 y(all)28 |
| | 29360 | b(widths)j(and)g(cross)h(sections.)43 b(If)31 b Fj(G)2155 |
| | 29361 | 2488 y Fl(F)2236 2473 y Fw(and)g Fj(m)2509 2488 y Fl(Z)2587 |
| | 29362 | 2473 y Fw(are)g(considered)h(as)e(giv)m(en,)i(this)709 |
| | 29363 | 2582 y(means)g(that)h(sin)1338 2542 y Fl(2)1378 2582 |
| | 29364 | y Fj(\022)1423 2597 y Fh(W)1536 2582 y Fw(and)g Fj(m)1811 |
| | 29365 | 2597 y Fl(W)1921 2582 y Fw(are)g(the)g(only)f(free)h(electro)m(w)m(eak) |
| | 29366 | h(parameter.)236 2690 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(a)35 |
| | 29367 | b(replacemen)m(t)h(is)f(made)g(as)h(for)f Fq(=1)p Fw(,)h(but)g |
| | 29368 | (additionally)c(sin)2989 2650 y Fl(2)3029 2690 y Fj(\022)3074 |
| | 29369 | 2705 y Fh(W)3190 2690 y Fw(is)j(constrained)709 2798 |
| | 29370 | y(b)m(y)g(the)g(relation)d(sin)1495 2759 y Fl(2)1535 |
| | 29371 | 2798 y Fj(\022)1580 2813 y Fh(W)1691 2798 y Fw(=)f(1)23 |
| | 29372 | b Fn(\000)h Fj(m)2056 2762 y Fl(2)2056 2823 y(W)2134 |
| | 29373 | 2798 y Fj(=m)2268 2762 y Fl(2)2268 2823 y(Z)2315 2798 |
| | 29374 | y Fw(.)49 b(This)35 b(means)f(that)h Fj(m)3215 2813 y |
| | 29375 | Fl(W)3327 2798 y Fw(remains)e(as)709 2907 y(a)f(free)h(parameter,)f |
| | 29376 | (but)g(that)h(the)f(sin)2147 2867 y Fl(2)2187 2907 y |
| | 29377 | Fj(\022)2232 2922 y Fh(W)2345 2907 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 29378 | b(in)g Fq(PARU\(102\))i Fw(is)e(nev)m(er)i(used,)709 |
| | 29379 | 3015 y Fi(exc)-5 b(ept)35 b Fw(in)25 b(the)i(v)m(ector)g(couplings)e |
| | 29380 | (in)h(the)g(com)m(bination)e Fj(v)32 b Fw(=)27 b Fj(a)9 |
| | 29381 | b Fn(\000)g Fw(4)17 b(sin)3310 2975 y Fl(2)3350 3015 |
| | 29382 | y Fj(\022)3395 3030 y Fh(W)3476 3015 y Fj(e)p Fw(.)41 |
| | 29383 | b(This)709 3123 y(latter)d(degree)j(of)e(freedom)h(en)m(ters)h(e.g.)66 |
| | 29384 | b(for)39 b(forw)m(ard-bac)m(kw)m(ard)i(asymmetries)709 |
| | 29385 | 3232 y(in)31 b(Z)882 3196 y Fl(0)954 3232 y Fw(deca)m(ys.)236 |
| | 29386 | 3340 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(This)28 b(option)e(do)s(es)j(not)e(a\013ect)i |
| | 29387 | (the)f(emission)e(of)i(real)f(photons)h(in)f(the)h(initial)c(and)709 |
| | 29388 | 3448 y(\014nal)30 b(state,)i(where)g Fj(\013)1531 3463 |
| | 29389 | y Fl(em)1656 3448 y Fw(is)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(used.)44 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m |
| | 29390 | (er,)34 b(it)c(do)s(es)h(a\013ect)g(also)f(purely)709 |
| | 29391 | 3557 y(electromagnetic)h(hard)h(pro)s(cesses,)j(suc)m(h)f(as)f(q)p |
| | 29392 | 2475 3504 52 4 v(q)c Fn(!)e Fj(\015)5 b(\015)g Fw(.)0 |
| | 29393 | 3665 y Fq(MSTP\(9\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))29 b(inclusion)g(of)h(top)g |
| | 29394 | (\(and)g(fourth)h(generation\))e(as)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(remnan)m(t)g |
| | 29395 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)h(in)472 3774 y(pro)s(cesses)39 b(that)e(in)m(v)m(olv) |
| | 29396 | m(e)g(q)f Fn(!)e Fw(q)1718 3737 y Fk(0)1767 3774 y Fw(+)25 |
| | 29397 | b(W)38 b(branc)m(hings)g(as)f(part)g(of)f(the)h(o)m(v)m(erall)f(pro)s |
| | 29398 | (cess,)472 3882 y(and)d(where)h(q)995 3846 y Fk(0)1051 |
| | 29399 | 3882 y Fw(is)e(\(implicitly\))c(assumed)34 b(to)e(b)s(e)h(massless.)236 |
| | 29400 | 3990 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no.)236 4099 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29401 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(y)m(es)38 b(\(but)g(it)e(is)g(still)f(p)s(ossible)i |
| | 29402 | (to)f(switc)m(h)i(o\013)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i(individually)34 |
| | 29403 | b(with)i Fq(MDME)709 4207 y Fw(as)c(b)s(efore\).)0 4315 |
| | 29404 | y Fq(MSTP\(11\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))28 b(use)j(of)e(electron)g |
| | 29405 | (parton)h(distribution)d(in)i(e)2497 4279 y Fl(+)2556 |
| | 29406 | 4315 y Fw(e)2599 4279 y Fk(\000)2688 4315 y Fw(and)h(ep)g(in)m |
| | 29407 | (teractions.)236 4424 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no,)32 |
| | 29408 | b(i.e.)43 b(electron)33 b(carries)f(the)h(whole)g(b)s(eam)e(energy)-8 |
| | 29409 | b(.)236 4532 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(y)m(es,)28 b(i.e.)41 |
| | 29410 | b(electron)25 b(carries)h(only)f(a)g(fraction)f(of)h(b)s(eam)g(energy)h |
| | 29411 | (in)f(agreemen)m(t)h(with)709 4640 y(next-to-leading)36 |
| | 29412 | b(electron)i(parton-distribution)e(function,)j(thereb)m(y)h(including) |
| | 29413 | 709 4749 y(the)33 b(e\013ects)h(of)e(initial-state)c(bremsstrahlung.)0 |
| | 29414 | 4857 y Fq(MSTP\(12\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))32 b(use)i(of)e(e)1191 |
| | 29415 | 4821 y Fk(\000)1284 4857 y Fw(\(`sea',)i(i.e.)44 b(from)32 |
| | 29416 | b(e)c Fn(!)g Fj(\015)34 b Fn(!)28 b Fw(e\),)33 b(e)2563 |
| | 29417 | 4821 y Fl(+)2623 4857 y Fw(,)g(quark)h(and)f(gluon)f(distribu-)472 |
| | 29418 | 4965 y(tion)g(functions)h(inside)e(an)i(electron.)236 |
| | 29419 | 5074 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(o\013.)236 5182 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29420 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(on,)32 b(pro)m(vided)h(that)f Fq(MSTP\(11\))p |
| | 29421 | Fn(\025)e Fw(1.)44 b(Quark)32 b(and)h(gluons)f(distributions)f(are)h |
| | 29422 | (ob-)709 5290 y(tained)c(b)m(y)i(n)m(umerical)d(con)m(v)m(olution)h(of) |
| | 29423 | h(the)g(photon)g(con)m(ten)m(t)h(inside)e(an)h(electron)709 |
| | 29424 | 5399 y(\(as)23 b(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(bremsstrahlung)g(sp)s(ectrum) |
| | 29425 | h(of)29 b Fq(MSTP\(11\)=1)p Fw(\))d(with)c(the)i(quark)709 |
| | 29426 | 5507 y(and)36 b(gluon)f(con)m(ten)m(t)i(inside)e(a)h(photon.)53 |
| | 29427 | b(The)37 b(required)f(n)m(umerical)f(precision)g(is)709 |
| | 29428 | 5615 y(set)27 b(b)m(y)i Fq(PARP\(14\))p Fw(.)44 b(Since)27 |
| | 29429 | b(the)g(need)h(for)e(n)m(umerical)f(in)m(tegration)g(mak)m(es)j(this)e |
| | 29430 | (op-)1817 5953 y(150)p eop |
| | 29431 | %%Page: 151 157 |
| | 29432 | 151 156 bop 709 -18 a Fw(tion)36 b(somewhat)j(more)e(time-consuming)e |
| | 29433 | (than)j(ordinary)f(parton-distribution)709 90 y(ev)-5 |
| | 29434 | b(aluation,)40 b(one)h(should)f(only)g(use)h(it)e(when)i(studying)g |
| | 29435 | (pro)s(cesses)h(where)g(it)d(is)709 198 y(needed.)0 307 |
| | 29436 | y Fq(MSTP\(13\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))32 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f |
| | 29437 | Fj(Q)1348 270 y Fl(2)1420 307 y Fw(range)h(o)m(v)m(er)g(whic)m(h)g |
| | 29438 | (electrons)f(are)h(assumed)g(to)f(radiate)f(pho-)472 |
| | 29439 | 415 y(tons;)44 b(a\013ects)d(normalization)36 b(of)k(e)1818 |
| | 29440 | 379 y Fk(\000)1917 415 y Fw(\(sea\),)i(e)2235 379 y Fl(+)2295 |
| | 29441 | 415 y Fw(,)f Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)42 b(quark)f(and)f(gluon)f(distributions) |
| | 29442 | 472 523 y(inside)32 b(an)h(electron.)236 632 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29443 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(range)43 b(set)g(b)m(y)h Fj(Q)1370 595 |
| | 29444 | y Fl(2)1452 632 y Fw(argumen)m(t)f(of)f(parton-distribution-function)e |
| | 29445 | (call,)k(i.e.)74 b(b)m(y)709 740 y Fj(Q)786 704 y Fl(2)857 |
| | 29446 | 740 y Fw(scale)31 b(of)h(the)g(hard)f(in)m(teraction.)42 |
| | 29447 | b(Therefore)33 b(parton)e(distributions)g(are)g(pro-)709 |
| | 29448 | 848 y(p)s(ortional)45 b(to)i(ln)o(\()p Fj(Q)1474 812 |
| | 29449 | y Fl(2)1514 848 y Fj(=m)1648 812 y Fl(2)1648 873 y Fh(e)1687 |
| | 29450 | 848 y Fw(\).)89 b(This)48 b(is)f(normally)e(most)i(appropriate)g(for)g |
| | 29451 | (e)3618 812 y Fl(+)3677 848 y Fw(e)3720 812 y Fk(\000)709 |
| | 29452 | 957 y Fw(annihilation.)236 1065 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 29453 | b Fw(range)25 b(set)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(user-determined)f |
| | 29454 | Fj(Q)2186 1029 y Fl(2)2186 1090 y(max)2322 1065 y Fw(,)i(giv)m(en)e(in) |
| | 29455 | g Fq(PARP\(13\))p Fw(.)43 b(P)m(arton)25 b(distri-)709 |
| | 29456 | 1173 y(butions)f(are)h(assumed)h(to)e(b)s(e)h(prop)s(ortional)e(to)h |
| | 29457 | (ln)o(\(\()p Fj(Q)2722 1137 y Fl(2)2722 1198 y(max)2858 |
| | 29458 | 1173 y Fj(=m)2992 1137 y Fl(2)2992 1198 y Fh(e)3032 1173 |
| | 29459 | y Fw(\)\(1)6 b Fn(\000)g Fj(x)p Fw(\))p Fj(=x)3443 1137 |
| | 29460 | y Fl(2)3483 1173 y Fw(\).)41 b(This)709 1282 y(is)32 |
| | 29461 | b(normally)e(most)i(appropriate)f(for)h(photopro)s(duction,)g(where)i |
| | 29462 | (the)f(electron)f(is)709 1390 y(supp)s(osed)i(to)e(go)g(undetected,)j |
| | 29463 | (i.e.)43 b(scatter)33 b(less)g(than)g Fj(Q)2878 1354 |
| | 29464 | y Fl(2)2878 1415 y(max)3013 1390 y Fw(.)236 1498 y Fo(Note:)203 |
| | 29465 | b Fw(the)32 b(c)m(hoice)g(of)f(e\013ectiv)m(e)i(range)e(is)g(esp)s |
| | 29466 | (ecially)g(touc)m(h)m(y)i(for)e(the)h(quark)h(and)e(gluon)709 |
| | 29467 | 1607 y(distributions.)66 b(An)40 b(\(almost\))f(on-the-mass-shell)g |
| | 29468 | (photon)h(has)h(a)g(VMD)f(piece)709 1715 y(that)k(dies)i(a)m(w)m(a)m(y) |
| | 29469 | g(for)e(a)h(virtual)f(photon.)80 b(A)45 b(simple)f(folding)f(of)h |
| | 29470 | (distribution)709 1823 y(functions)31 b(do)s(es)h(not)f(tak)m(e)h(this) |
| | 29471 | f(in)m(to)g(accoun)m(t)h(prop)s(erly)-8 b(.)42 b(Therefore)33 |
| | 29472 | b(the)e(con)m(tri-)709 1932 y(bution)j(from)f Fj(Q)j |
| | 29473 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues)34 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(the)f Fj(\032)g |
| | 29474 | Fw(mass)g(should)g(b)s(e)g(suppressed.)53 b(A)35 b(c)m(hoice)709 |
| | 29475 | 2040 y(of)41 b Fj(Q)906 2055 y Fl(max)1086 2040 y Fn(\031)j |
| | 29476 | Fw(1)e(GeV)g(is)g(then)h(appropriate)e(for)h(a)g(photopro)s(duction)f |
| | 29477 | (limit)d(de-)709 2148 y(scription)31 b(of)h(ph)m(ysics.)0 |
| | 29478 | 2257 y Fq(MSTP\(14\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))29 b(structure)i(of)f |
| | 29479 | (incoming)e(photon)i(b)s(eam)g(or)g(target)f(\(do)s(es)i(not)f |
| | 29480 | (a\013ect)g(photon)472 2365 y(inside)e(electron,)h(only)f(photons)h |
| | 29481 | (app)s(earing)e(as)i(argumen)m(t)f(in)f(the)i Fq(PYINIT)h |
| | 29482 | Fw(call\).)236 2473 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(a)43 b(photon)i(is)e |
| | 29483 | (assumed)i(to)f(b)s(e)g(p)s(oin)m(t-lik)m(e)e(\(a)i(direct)g(photon\),) |
| | 29484 | j(i.e.)78 b(can)44 b(only)709 2582 y(in)m(teract)32 b(in)g(pro)s |
| | 29485 | (cesses)i(whic)m(h)f(explicitly)e(con)m(tain)g(the)i(incoming)d |
| | 29486 | (photon,)j(suc)m(h)709 2690 y(as)43 b(f)869 2705 y Fh(i)897 |
| | 29487 | 2690 y Fj(\015)50 b Fn(!)45 b Fw(f)1173 2705 y Fh(i)1201 |
| | 29488 | 2690 y Fw(g)e(for)g Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)43 b(in)m(teractions.)73 |
| | 29489 | b(In)44 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)47 b Fw(in)m(teractions)c(b)s(oth)f(photons) |
| | 29490 | h(are)709 2798 y(direct,)32 b(i.e)g(the)h(main)e(pro)s(cess)j(is)e |
| | 29491 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(f)2289 2813 y Fh(i)p |
| | 29492 | 2317 2719 37 4 v 2317 2798 a Fw(f)2354 2813 y Fh(i)2382 |
| | 29493 | 2798 y Fw(.)236 2907 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(a)41 |
| | 29494 | b(photon)g(is)f(assumed)i(to)f(b)s(e)h(resolv)m(ed,)i(i.e.)69 |
| | 29495 | b(can)41 b(only)g(in)m(teract)g(through)g(its)709 3015 |
| | 29496 | y(constituen)m(t)28 b(quarks)g(and)f(gluons,)h(giving)e(either)h(high-) |
| | 29497 | p Fj(p)2854 3030 y Fk(?)2939 3015 y Fw(parton{parton)f(scat-)709 |
| | 29498 | 3123 y(terings)36 b(or)g(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)1382 3138 y Fk(?)1477 |
| | 29499 | 3123 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts.)58 b(Hard)36 b(pro)s(cesses)j(are)e(calculated) |
| | 29500 | e(with)h(the)h(use)h(of)709 3232 y(the)28 b(full)e(photon)h(parton)h |
| | 29501 | (distributions.)40 b(In)28 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)33 b Fw(in)m(teractions) |
| | 29502 | 27 b(b)s(oth)g(photons)h(are)709 3340 y(resolv)m(ed.)236 |
| | 29503 | 3448 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(a)29 b(photon)g(is)f(assumed)i(resolv)m |
| | 29504 | (ed,)h(but)e(only)g(the)h(VMD)f(piece)g(is)g(included)g(in)f(the)709 |
| | 29505 | 3557 y(parton)46 b(distributions,)j(whic)m(h)f(therefore)f(mainly)e |
| | 29506 | (are)i(scaled-do)m(wn)g(v)m(ersions)709 3665 y(of)36 |
| | 29507 | b(the)h Fj(\032)1046 3629 y Fl(0)1085 3665 y Fj(=\031)1193 |
| | 29508 | 3629 y Fl(0)1269 3665 y Fw(ones.)56 b(Both)36 b(high-)p |
| | 29509 | Fj(p)2049 3680 y Fk(?)2144 3665 y Fw(parton{parton)f(scatterings)i(and) |
| | 29510 | g(lo)m(w-pT)709 3774 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)e(are)d(allo)m(w)m(ed.)43 |
| | 29511 | b(In)33 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)37 b Fw(in)m(teractions)32 |
| | 29512 | b(b)s(oth)h(photons)g(are)f(VMD-lik)m(e.)236 3882 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29513 | b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(a)24 b(photon)g(is)g(assumed)h(resolv)m(ed,)i(but)e |
| | 29514 | (only)f(the)g(anomalous)f(piece)i(of)f(the)g(photon)709 |
| | 29515 | 3990 y(parton)i(distributions)f(is)g(included.)42 b(Only)25 |
| | 29516 | b(high-)p Fj(p)2600 4005 y Fk(?)2685 3990 y Fw(parton{parton)g |
| | 29517 | (scatterings)709 4099 y(are)32 b(allo)m(w)m(ed.)43 b(In)33 |
| | 29518 | b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)37 b Fw(in)m(teractions)32 b(b)s(oth)h(photons)g |
| | 29519 | (are)f(anomalous.)236 4207 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(in)30 |
| | 29520 | b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)36 b Fw(in)m(teractions)30 b(one)h(photon)g(is)g |
| | 29521 | (direct)g(and)g(the)g(other)g(resolv)m(ed.)44 b(A)31 |
| | 29522 | b(t)m(ypical)709 4315 y(pro)s(cess)43 b(is)f(th)m(us)i(f)1421 |
| | 29523 | 4330 y Fh(i)1449 4315 y Fj(\015)50 b Fn(!)44 b Fw(f)1724 |
| | 29524 | 4330 y Fh(i)1752 4315 y Fw(g)q(.)73 b(Hard)43 b(pro)s(cesses)h(are)f |
| | 29525 | (calculated)e(with)i(the)f(use)709 4424 y(of)h(the)h(full)e(photon)i |
| | 29526 | (parton)g(distributions)f(for)g(the)h(resolv)m(ed)h(photon.)78 |
| | 29527 | b(Both)709 4532 y(p)s(ossibilities)36 b(of)k(whic)m(h)g(photon)g(is)f |
| | 29528 | (direct)h(are)g(included,)h(in)e(ev)m(en)m(t)j(top)s(ologies)709 |
| | 29529 | 4640 y(and)32 b(in)f(cross)h(sections.)44 b(This)32 b(option)f(cannot)h |
| | 29530 | (b)s(e)g(used)g(in)f(con\014gurations)h(with)709 4749 |
| | 29531 | y(only)g(one)h(incoming)d(photon.)236 4857 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29532 | b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(in)38 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)45 b Fw(in)m(teractions)39 |
| | 29533 | b(one)h(photon)f(is)g(direct)h(and)g(the)g(other)f(VMD-lik)m(e.)64 |
| | 29534 | b(Both)709 4965 y(p)s(ossibilities)36 b(of)k(whic)m(h)g(photon)g(is)f |
| | 29535 | (direct)h(are)g(included,)h(in)e(ev)m(en)m(t)j(top)s(ologies)709 |
| | 29536 | 5074 y(and)32 b(in)f(cross)h(sections.)44 b(This)32 b(option)f(cannot)h |
| | 29537 | (b)s(e)g(used)g(in)f(con\014gurations)h(with)709 5182 |
| | 29538 | y(only)g(one)h(incoming)d(photon.)236 5290 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29539 | b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(in)36 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)42 b Fw(in)m(teractions)36 |
| | 29540 | b(one)h(photon)g(is)g(direct)f(and)h(the)h(other)f(anomalous.)55 |
| | 29541 | b(Both)709 5399 y(p)s(ossibilities)36 b(of)k(whic)m(h)g(photon)g(is)f |
| | 29542 | (direct)h(are)g(included,)h(in)e(ev)m(en)m(t)j(top)s(ologies)709 |
| | 29543 | 5507 y(and)32 b(in)f(cross)h(sections.)44 b(This)32 b(option)f(cannot)h |
| | 29544 | (b)s(e)g(used)g(in)f(con\014gurations)h(with)709 5615 |
| | 29545 | y(only)g(one)h(incoming)d(photon.)1817 5953 y(151)p eop |
| | 29546 | %%Page: 152 158 |
| | 29547 | 152 157 bop 236 -18 a Fq(=)52 b(7)f(:)217 b Fw(in)45 |
| | 29548 | b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)52 b Fw(in)m(teractions)45 b(one)i(photon)f(is)g |
| | 29549 | (VMD-lik)m(e)f(and)i(the)g(other)f(anomalous.)709 90 |
| | 29550 | y(Only)38 b(high-)p Fj(p)1223 105 y Fk(?)1320 90 y Fw(parton{parton)g |
| | 29551 | (scatterings)h(are)g(allo)m(w)m(ed.)62 b(Both)38 b(p)s(ossibilities)709 |
| | 29552 | 198 y(of)43 b(whic)m(h)h(photon)f(is)g(VMD-lik)m(e)g(are)g(included,)j |
| | 29553 | (in)d(ev)m(en)m(t)i(top)s(ologies)d(and)h(in)709 307 |
| | 29554 | y(cross)d(sections.)64 b(This)40 b(option)e(cannot)i(b)s(e)f(used)i(in) |
| | 29555 | d(con\014gurations)h(with)g(only)709 415 y(one)33 b(incoming)d(photon.) |
| | 29556 | 236 523 y Fq(=)52 b(10)g(:)165 b Fw(the)28 b(VMD,)h(direct)f(and)g |
| | 29557 | (anomalous)f(comp)s(onen)m(ts)i(of)f(the)h(photon)f(are)g(automat-)709 |
| | 29558 | 632 y(ically)37 b(mixed.)63 b(F)-8 b(or)38 b Fj(\015)5 |
| | 29559 | b Fw(p)40 b(in)m(teractions,)g(this)f(means)h(an)f(automatic)e(mixture) |
| | 29560 | i(of)709 740 y(the)30 b(three)h(classes)g(0,)f(2)g(and)g(3)g(ab)s(o)m |
| | 29561 | (v)m(e)h([Sc)m(h93,)f(Sc)m(h93a)q(],)g(for)g Fj(\015)5 |
| | 29562 | b(\015)35 b Fw(ones)c(a)e(mixture)709 848 y(of)k(the)i(six)f(classes)h |
| | 29563 | (0,)f(2,)g(3,)g(5,)g(6)g(and)g(7)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h([Sc)m(h94a].)48 |
| | 29564 | b(V)-8 b(arious)33 b(restrictions)709 957 y(exist)g(for)f(this)g |
| | 29565 | (option,)f(as)i(discussed)h(in)e(section)h(8.3.2.)236 |
| | 29566 | 1065 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(our)39 b(b)s(est)h(understanding)g(of)f(ho)m |
| | 29567 | (w)i(to)e(mix)f(ev)m(en)m(t)k(classes)e(is)f(pro)m(vided)i(b)m(y)f(the) |
| | 29568 | 709 1173 y(option)j(10)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)k(whic)m(h)c(also)f(can)h(b)s |
| | 29569 | (e)g(obtained)g(b)m(y)g(com)m(bining)e(three)j(\(for)709 |
| | 29570 | 1282 y Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p\))31 b(or)g(six)g(\(for)g Fj(\015)5 |
| | 29571 | b(\015)g Fw(\))31 b(separate)h(runs.)44 b(In)31 b(a)g(simpler)f |
| | 29572 | (alternativ)m(e)g(the)i(VMD)f(and)709 1390 y(anomalous)24 |
| | 29573 | b(classes)j(are)f(joined)f(in)m(to)g(a)h(single)f(resolv)m(ed)h(class.) |
| | 29574 | 42 b(Then)27 b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)26 b(ph)m(ysics)709 1498 |
| | 29575 | y(only)37 b(requires)i(t)m(w)m(o)g(separate)g(runs,)h(with)e(0)g(and)g |
| | 29576 | (1,)i(and)e Fj(\015)5 b(\015)43 b Fw(ph)m(ysics)d(requires)709 |
| | 29577 | 1607 y(three,)33 b(with)f(0,)h(1)f(and)h(4.)0 1715 y |
| | 29578 | Fq(MSTP\(15\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=5\))28 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)f(to)i(mo)s |
| | 29579 | (dify)e(the)i(nature)h(of)e(the)i(anomalous)d(photon)i(comp)s(onen)m(t) |
| | 29580 | 472 1823 y(\(as)g(used)h(with)e(the)g(appropriate)g Fq(MSTP\(14\))i |
| | 29581 | Fw(options\),)f(in)f(particular)e(with)i(resp)s(ect)i(to)472 |
| | 29582 | 1932 y(the)d(scale)g(c)m(hoices)g(and)g(cut-o\013s)g(of)f(hard)g(pro)s |
| | 29583 | (cesses.)44 b(This)27 b(option)e(is)h(mainly)f(in)m(tended)472 |
| | 29584 | 2040 y(for)32 b(comparativ)m(e)g(studies)i(and)e(should)h(not)f |
| | 29585 | (normally)e(b)s(e)j(touc)m(hed.)236 2148 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 29586 | b Fw(none,)33 b(i.e.)43 b(the)33 b(same)f(treatmen)m(t)h(as)g(for)f |
| | 29587 | (the)h(VMD)f(comp)s(onen)m(t.)236 2257 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 29588 | b Fw(ev)-5 b(aluate)32 b(the)h(anomalous)e(parton)h(distributions)f(at) |
| | 29589 | h(a)h(scale)f Fj(Q)3137 2221 y Fl(2)3177 2257 y Fj(=)p |
| | 29590 | Fq(PARP\(17\))3634 2221 y Fl(2)3675 2257 y Fw(.)236 2365 |
| | 29591 | y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(as)62 b Fq(=1)p Fw(,)71 b(but)63 |
| | 29592 | b(instead)f(of)69 b Fq(PARP\(17\))c Fw(use)e(either)g |
| | 29593 | Fq(PARP\(81\)/PARP\(15\))k Fw(or)709 2473 y Fq(PARP\(82\)/PARP\(15\))p |
| | 29594 | Fw(,)37 b(dep)s(ending)c(on)f Fq(MSTP\(82\))j Fw(v)-5 |
| | 29595 | b(alue.)236 2582 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(ev)-5 b(aluate)40 |
| | 29596 | b(the)h(anomalous)e(parton)i(distribution)e(functions)i(of)f(the)h |
| | 29597 | (photon)g(as)709 2690 y Fj(f)768 2654 y Fh(\015)t(;)p |
| | 29598 | Fl(anom)1000 2690 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1214 2654 y |
| | 29599 | Fl(2)1254 2690 y Fj(;)g(p)1347 2654 y Fl(2)1347 2715 |
| | 29600 | y(0)1386 2690 y Fw(\))22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(f)1605 2654 y |
| | 29601 | Fh(\015)t(;)p Fl(anom)1837 2690 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)2051 |
| | 29602 | 2654 y Fl(2)2091 2690 y Fj(;)g(r)2182 2654 y Fl(2)2220 |
| | 29603 | 2690 y Fj(Q)2297 2654 y Fl(2)2337 2690 y Fw(\))33 b(with)f |
| | 29604 | Fj(r)e Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(17\))p Fw(.)236 2798 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29605 | b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(as)62 b Fq(=3)p Fw(,)71 b(but)63 b(instead)f(of)69 |
| | 29606 | b Fq(PARP\(17\))c Fw(use)e(either)g Fq(PARP\(81\)/PARP\(15\))k |
| | 29607 | Fw(or)709 2907 y Fq(PARP\(82\)/PARP\(15\))p Fw(,)37 b(dep)s(ending)c |
| | 29608 | (on)f Fq(MSTP\(82\))j Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)236 3015 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29609 | b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(use)41 b(larger)d Fj(p)1217 3030 y Fk(?)p |
| | 29610 | Fl(min)1434 3015 y Fw(for)h(the)i(anomalous)d(comp)s(onen)m(t)i(than)g |
| | 29611 | (for)g(the)g(VMD)g(one,)709 3123 y(but)33 b(otherwise)g(no)f |
| | 29612 | (di\013erence.)0 3232 y Fq(MSTP\(21\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))36 |
| | 29613 | b(nature)i(of)f(fermion{fermion)d(scatterings)j(sim)m(ulated)f(in)h |
| | 29614 | (pro)s(cess)i(10)e(b)m(y)h Fj(t)p Fw(-)472 3340 y(c)m(hannel)33 |
| | 29615 | b(exc)m(hange.)236 3448 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(all)30 |
| | 29616 | b(o\013.)236 3557 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(full)30 |
| | 29617 | b(mixture)i(of)g Fj(\015)1412 3521 y Fk(\003)1452 3557 |
| | 29618 | y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1561 3521 y Fl(0)1632 3557 y Fw(neutral)g(curren)m(t)i |
| | 29619 | (and)e(W)2597 3521 y Fk(\006)2690 3557 y Fw(c)m(harged)h(curren)m(t.) |
| | 29620 | 236 3665 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fj(\015)37 b Fw(neutral)32 |
| | 29621 | b(curren)m(t)i(only)-8 b(.)236 3774 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 |
| | 29622 | b Fw(Z)769 3737 y Fl(0)840 3774 y Fw(neutral)32 b(curren)m(t)i(only)-8 |
| | 29623 | b(.)236 3882 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fj(\015)765 3846 |
| | 29624 | y Fk(\003)804 3882 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)913 3846 y Fl(0)984 |
| | 29625 | 3882 y Fw(neutral)32 b(curren)m(t)i(only)-8 b(.)236 3990 |
| | 29626 | y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(W)810 3954 y Fk(\006)902 3990 |
| | 29627 | y Fw(c)m(harged)33 b(curren)m(t)h(only)-8 b(.)0 4099 |
| | 29628 | y Fq(MSTP\(22\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))27 b(sp)s(ecial)f(o)m(v)m |
| | 29629 | (erride)j(of)e(normal)f Fj(Q)2051 4062 y Fl(2)2118 4099 |
| | 29630 | y Fw(de\014nition)h(used)h(for)g(maxim)m(um)d(of)i(parton-)472 |
| | 29631 | 4207 y(sho)m(w)m(er)55 b(ev)m(olution,)i(in)m(tended)d(for)e(deep)i |
| | 29632 | (inelastic)d(scattering\))i(in)f(lepton{hadron)472 4315 |
| | 29633 | y(ev)m(en)m(ts,)35 b(see)f(section)f(10.4.)0 4424 y Fq(MSTP\(23\))53 |
| | 29634 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))43 b(for)g(deep)i(inelastic)e(scattering)h(pro)s |
| | 29635 | (cesses)i(\(10)d(and)h(83\),)j(this)c(option)g(al-)472 |
| | 29636 | 4532 y(lo)m(ws)38 b(the)f Fj(x)h Fw(and)f Fj(Q)1228 4496 |
| | 29637 | y Fl(2)1305 4532 y Fw(of)g(the)g(original)d(hard)j(scattering)g(to)g(b) |
| | 29638 | s(e)h(retained)f(b)m(y)h(the)f(\014nal)472 4640 y(electron.)236 |
| | 29639 | 4749 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)41 b(correction)h(pro)s(cedure,)j |
| | 29640 | (i.e.)70 b Fj(x)42 b Fw(and)g Fj(Q)2377 4712 y Fl(2)2458 |
| | 29641 | 4749 y Fw(of)f(the)h(scattered)h(electron)f(di\013er)709 |
| | 29642 | 4857 y(from)31 b(the)i(originally)c(generated)k Fj(x)g |
| | 29643 | Fw(and)g Fj(Q)2337 4821 y Fl(2)2377 4857 y Fw(.)236 4965 |
| | 29644 | y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(p)s(ost)38 b(facto)g(correction,)h(i.e.)60 |
| | 29645 | b(the)39 b(c)m(hange)g(of)f(electron)g(momen)m(tum,)g(b)m(y)h(initial) |
| | 29646 | 709 5074 y(and)g(\014nal)f(QCD)h(radiation,)g(primordial)c |
| | 29647 | Fj(k)2375 5089 y Fk(?)2473 5074 y Fw(and)k(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(t)h |
| | 29648 | (treatmen)m(t,)709 5182 y(is)i(corrected)i(for)e(b)m(y)i(a)f(sh)m |
| | 29649 | (u\017ing)g(of)g(momen)m(tum)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(the)f(electron)e(and) |
| | 29650 | 709 5290 y(hadron)28 b(side)g(in)f(the)h(\014nal)f(state.)43 |
| | 29651 | b(Only)27 b(pro)s(cess)i(10)f(is)f(corrected,)j(while)d(pro)s(cess)709 |
| | 29652 | 5399 y(83)32 b(is)g(not.)236 5507 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 29653 | b Fw(as)41 b Fq(=1)p Fw(,)i(except)f(that)e(b)s(oth)h(pro)s(cess)h(10)e |
| | 29654 | (and)h(83)f(are)g(treated.)69 b(This)40 b(option)g(is)709 |
| | 29655 | 5615 y(dangerous,)31 b(esp)s(ecially)e(for)h(top,)g(since)h(it)e(ma)m |
| | 29656 | (y)h(w)m(ell)f(b)s(e)h(imp)s(ossible)e(to)i(`correct')1817 |
| | 29657 | 5953 y(152)p eop |
| | 29658 | %%Page: 153 159 |
| | 29659 | 153 158 bop 709 -18 a Fw(in)33 b(pro)s(cess)i(83:)45 |
| | 29660 | b(the)35 b(standard)f(DIS)g(kinematics)e(de\014nitions)i(are)g(based)g |
| | 29661 | (on)g(the)709 90 y(assumption)25 b(of)g(massless)i(quarks.)42 |
| | 29662 | b(Therefore)27 b(in\014nite)e(lo)s(ops)g(are)h(not)g(excluded.)236 |
| | 29663 | 198 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(the)36 b(correction)g(pro)s(cedure)h(will)d |
| | 29664 | (fail)g(for)h(a)h(fraction)f(of)h(the)g(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k(whic)m(h)c(are) |
| | 29665 | 709 307 y(th)m(us)27 b(rejected)h(\(and)f(new)g(ones)g(generated)h(in)d |
| | 29666 | (their)h(place\).)41 b(The)28 b(correction)e(op-)709 |
| | 29667 | 415 y(tion)h(is)g(not)h(unam)m(biguous,)h(and)f(should)g(not)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 29668 | (tak)m(en)g(to)s(o)e(seriously)-8 b(.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)27 |
| | 29669 | b(v)m(ery)709 523 y(small)g Fj(Q)1038 487 y Fl(2)1107 |
| | 29670 | 523 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)30 b(the)f Fj(x)h Fw(is)f(not)g(exactly)h |
| | 29671 | (preserv)m(ed)h(ev)m(en)g(after)e(this)g(pro)s(cedure.)0 |
| | 29672 | 632 y Fq(MSTP\(31\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(parametrization)f(of)i |
| | 29673 | (total,)g(elastic)f(and)i(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(cross)h(sections.)236 |
| | 29674 | 740 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(ev)m(erything)30 b(is)f(to)f(b)s(e)i |
| | 29675 | (set)g(b)m(y)g(y)m(ou)g(y)m(ourself)f(in)g(the)g Fq(PYINT7)i |
| | 29676 | Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)709 848 y(photopro)s(duction,) |
| | 29677 | 28 b(additionally)d(y)m(ou)k(need)g(to)f(set)h Fq(VINT\(281\))p |
| | 29678 | Fw(.)45 b(Normally)26 b(y)m(ou)709 957 y(w)m(ould)k(set)h(these)h(v)-5 |
| | 29679 | b(alues)30 b(once)h(and)g(for)f(all)e(b)s(efore)j(the)g |
| | 29680 | Fq(PYINIT)h Fw(call,)d(but)h(if)g(y)m(ou)709 1065 y(run)c(with)f(v)-5 |
| | 29681 | b(ariable)24 b(energies)j(\(see)g Fq(MSTP\(171\))p Fw(\))h(y)m(ou)e |
| | 29682 | (can)g(also)f(set)i(it)e(b)s(efore)h(eac)m(h)709 1173 |
| | 29683 | y(new)35 b Fq(PYEVNT)f Fw(call.)236 1282 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 29684 | b Fw(Donnac)m(hie{Landsho\013)66 b(for)f(total)g(cross)i(section)g |
| | 29685 | ([Don92)o(],)75 b(and)66 b(Sc)m(h)m(uler{)709 1390 y(Sj\177)-49 |
| | 29686 | b(ostrand)32 b(for)h(elastic)e(and)i(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(cross)h |
| | 29687 | (sections)g([Sc)m(h94)q(,)g(Sc)m(h93a].)0 1498 y Fq(MSTP\(32\))53 |
| | 29688 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))35 b Fj(Q)948 1462 y Fl(2)1024 1498 |
| | 29689 | y Fw(de\014nition)g(in)h(hard)g(scattering)g(for)g(2)e |
| | 29690 | Fn(!)f Fw(2)j(pro)s(cesses.)57 b(F)-8 b(or)35 b(resonance)472 |
| | 29691 | 1607 y(pro)s(duction)j Fj(Q)1051 1571 y Fl(2)1129 1607 |
| | 29692 | y Fw(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(c)m(hosen)h(to)e(b)s(e)k(^)-53 |
| | 29693 | b Fj(s)37 b Fw(=)g Fj(m)2412 1571 y Fl(2)2412 1631 y |
| | 29694 | Fh(R)2470 1607 y Fw(,)j(where)f Fj(m)2909 1622 y Fh(R)3005 |
| | 29695 | 1607 y Fw(is)f(the)g(mass)g(of)g(the)472 1715 y(resonance.)84 |
| | 29696 | b(F)-8 b(or)45 b(gauge)g(b)s(oson)h(scattering)f(pro)s(cesses)j |
| | 29697 | Fj(V)21 b(V)71 b Fn(!)50 b Fj(V)21 b(V)67 b Fw(the)46 |
| | 29698 | b(W)h(or)e(Z)3740 1679 y Fl(0)472 1823 y Fw(squared)i(mass)f(is)f(used) |
| | 29699 | i(as)f(scale)f(in)g(parton)g(distributions.)82 b(See)46 |
| | 29700 | b Fq(PARP\(34\))i Fw(for)d(a)472 1932 y(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)31 |
| | 29701 | b(to)h(mo)s(dify)f(the)i(c)m(hoice)g(b)s(elo)m(w)f(b)m(y)i(a)e(m)m |
| | 29702 | (ultiplicativ)m(e)d(factor.)236 2040 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 29703 | b Fj(Q)786 2004 y Fl(2)853 2040 y Fw(=)28 b(2)t(^)-53 |
| | 29704 | b Fj(s)1053 2022 y Fw(^)1051 2040 y Fj(t)7 b Fw(^)-55 |
| | 29705 | b Fj(u)o(=)p Fw(\()t(^)i Fj(s)1275 2004 y Fl(2)1336 2040 |
| | 29706 | y Fw(+)1436 2022 y(^)1434 2040 y Fj(t)1469 2004 y Fl(2)1531 |
| | 29707 | 2040 y Fw(+)28 b(^)-55 b Fj(u)1685 2004 y Fl(2)1724 2040 |
| | 29708 | y Fw(\).)236 2148 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fj(Q)786 2112 |
| | 29709 | y Fl(2)853 2148 y Fw(=)28 b(\()p Fj(m)1080 2112 y Fl(2)1080 |
| | 29710 | 2173 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)1196 2148 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(m)1379 2112 |
| | 29711 | y Fl(2)1379 2173 y Fk(?)p Fl(2)1474 2148 y Fw(\))p Fj(=)p |
| | 29712 | Fw(2.)236 2269 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fj(Q)786 2233 |
| | 29713 | y Fl(2)853 2269 y Fw(=)28 b(min)n(\()p Fn(\000)1235 2251 |
| | 29714 | y Fw(^)1234 2269 y Fj(t)q(;)17 b Fn(\000)6 b Fw(^)-55 |
| | 29715 | b Fj(u)p Fw(\).)236 2377 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fj(Q)786 |
| | 29716 | 2341 y Fl(2)853 2377 y Fw(=)32 b(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(.)236 |
| | 29717 | 2486 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fj(Q)786 2450 y Fl(2)853 |
| | 29718 | 2486 y Fw(=)28 b Fn(\000)1035 2467 y Fw(^)1034 2486 y |
| | 29719 | Fj(t)p Fw(.)0 2594 y Fq(MSTP\(33\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))30 |
| | 29720 | b(inclusion)g(of)g Fj(K)39 b Fw(factors)31 b(in)f(hard)h(cross)h |
| | 29721 | (sections)g(for)f(parton{parton)f(in)m(ter-)472 2703 |
| | 29722 | y(actions)j(\(i.e.)43 b(for)32 b(incoming)e(quarks)k(and)e(gluons\).) |
| | 29723 | 236 2811 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(none,)33 b(i.e.)43 |
| | 29724 | b Fj(K)35 b Fw(=)27 b(1.)236 2919 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 29725 | b Fw(a)32 b(common)f Fj(K)40 b Fw(factor)32 b(is)g(used,)i(as)f(stored) |
| | 29726 | g(in)f Fq(PARP\(31\))p Fw(.)236 3028 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 29727 | b Fw(separate)25 b(factors)g(are)g(used)h(for)e(ordinary)g(\()p |
| | 29728 | Fq(PARP\(31\))p Fw(\))j(and)e(colour)f(annihilation)709 |
| | 29729 | 3136 y(graphs)33 b(\()p Fq(PARP\(32\))p Fw(\).)236 3244 |
| | 29730 | y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(A)54 b Fj(K)61 b Fw(factor)54 |
| | 29731 | b(is)f(in)m(tro)s(duced)i(b)m(y)g(a)f(shift)f(in)h(the)g |
| | 29732 | Fj(\013)2798 3259 y Fl(s)2884 3244 y Fj(Q)2961 3208 y |
| | 29733 | Fl(2)3055 3244 y Fw(argumen)m(t,)59 b Fj(\013)3607 3259 |
| | 29734 | y Fl(s)3704 3244 y Fw(=)709 3353 y Fj(\013)771 3368 y |
| | 29735 | Fl(s)803 3353 y Fw(\()p Fq(PARP\(33\))p Fj(Q)1326 3316 |
| | 29736 | y Fl(2)1367 3353 y Fw(\).)0 3461 y Fq(MSTP\(34\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 29737 | b Fw(\(D=1\))37 b(use)j(of)e(in)m(terference)i(term)e(in)g(matrix)f |
| | 29738 | (elemen)m(ts)i(for)f(QCD)g(pro)s(cesses,)k(see)472 3569 |
| | 29739 | y(section)33 b(8.2.1.)236 3678 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 29740 | b Fw(excluded)33 b(\(i.e.)43 b(string-inspired)31 b(matrix)g(elemen)m |
| | 29741 | (ts\).)236 3786 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(included)32 |
| | 29742 | b(\(i.e.)43 b(con)m(v)m(en)m(tional)32 b(QCD)h(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts\).) |
| | 29743 | 236 3894 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(for)32 b(the)i(option)e |
| | 29744 | Fq(MSTP\(34\)=1)p Fw(,)k(i.e.)45 b(in)m(terference)34 |
| | 29745 | b(terms)f(included,)g(these)i(terms)709 4003 y(are)25 |
| | 29746 | b(divided)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)f(di\013eren)m(t)f(p)s(ossible)f |
| | 29747 | (colour)g(con\014gurations)h(according)709 4111 y(to)47 |
| | 29748 | b(the)i(p)s(ole)e(structure)j(of)d(the)i(\(string-inspired\))d(matrix)h |
| | 29749 | (elemen)m(ts)h(for)g(the)709 4219 y(di\013eren)m(t)32 |
| | 29750 | b(colour)g(con\014gurations.)0 4328 y Fq(MSTP\(35\))53 |
| | 29751 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))40 b(threshold)h(b)s(eha)m(viour)f(for)g(hea)m |
| | 29752 | (vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)j(pro)s(duction,)f(i.e.)68 b(ISUB)41 |
| | 29753 | b(=)g(81,)472 4436 y(82,)30 b(84,)g(85,)g(and)g(also)f(for)g(Z)h(and)g |
| | 29754 | (Z)1800 4400 y Fk(0)1852 4436 y Fw(deca)m(ys.)45 b(The)31 |
| | 29755 | b(non-standard)f(options)f(are)h(mainly)472 4544 y(in)m(tended)47 |
| | 29756 | b(for)e(top,)j(but)e(can)g(b)s(e)f(used,)50 b(with)45 |
| | 29757 | b(less)h(theoretical)e(reliabilit)m(y)-8 b(,)45 b(also)g(for)472 |
| | 29758 | 4653 y(c)m(harm)38 b(and)f(b)s(ottom)f(\(for)h(Z)g(and)h(Z)1860 |
| | 29759 | 4617 y Fk(0)1920 4653 y Fw(only)f(top)h(and)f(hea)m(vier)h(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 29760 | (ours)h(are)f(a\013ected\).)472 4761 y(The)c(threshold)f(factors)f(are) |
| | 29761 | h(giv)m(en)g(in)e(eqs.)j(\(117\))e(and)h(\(118\).)236 |
| | 29762 | 4869 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)32 |
| | 29763 | b(lo)m(w)m(est-order)h(matrix-elemen)m(t)e(b)s(eha)m(viour.)236 |
| | 29764 | 4978 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(enhancemen)m(t)39 b(or)e(suppression)i |
| | 29765 | (close)f(to)f(threshold,)i(according)e(to)g(the)h(colour)709 |
| | 29766 | 5086 y(structure)c(of)f(the)g(pro)s(cess.)47 b(The)34 |
| | 29767 | b Fj(\013)2050 5101 y Fl(s)2115 5086 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)33 |
| | 29768 | b(app)s(earing)f(in)g(the)i(threshold)f(factor)709 5194 |
| | 29769 | y(\(whic)m(h)39 b(is)f(not)h(the)g(same)f(as)h(the)g |
| | 29770 | Fj(\013)2102 5209 y Fl(s)2173 5194 y Fw(of)f(the)h(lo)m(w)m(est-order)g |
| | 29771 | (2)f Fn(!)g Fw(2)g(pro)s(cess\))i(is)709 5303 y(tak)m(en)d(to)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 29772 | (\014xed)g(at)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(giv)m(en)g(in)g |
| | 29773 | Fq(PARP\(35\))p Fw(.)57 b(The)37 b(threshold)g(factor)709 |
| | 29774 | 5411 y(used)c(in)f(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)e(stored)h(in)f |
| | 29775 | Fq(PARI\(81\))p Fw(.)236 5519 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b |
| | 29776 | Fw(as)45 b Fq(=1)p Fw(,)50 b(but)45 b(the)h Fj(\013)1454 |
| | 29777 | 5534 y Fl(s)1532 5519 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)45 b(app)s(earing)f(in)h(the)h |
| | 29778 | (threshold)f(factor)g(is)g(tak)m(en)i(to)709 5649 y(b)s(e)42 |
| | 29779 | b(running,)h(with)e(argumen)m(t)h Fj(Q)2006 5613 y Fl(2)2089 |
| | 29780 | 5649 y Fw(=)h Fj(m)2293 5664 y Fl(Q)2352 5554 y Fg(q)p |
| | 29781 | 2435 5554 756 4 v 95 x Fw(\()18 b(^)-67 b Fj(m)23 b Fn(\000)f |
| | 29782 | Fw(2)p Fj(m)2814 5664 y Fl(Q)2873 5649 y Fw(\))2911 5620 |
| | 29783 | y Fl(2)2973 5649 y Fw(+)g(\000)3132 5615 y Fl(2)3132 |
| | 29784 | 5673 y(Q)3191 5649 y Fw(.)71 b(Here)42 b Fj(m)3613 5664 |
| | 29785 | y Fl(Q)3714 5649 y Fw(is)1817 5953 y(153)p eop |
| | 29786 | %%Page: 154 160 |
| | 29787 | 154 159 bop 709 -18 a Fw(the)30 b(nominal)d(hea)m(vy-quark)k(mass,)f |
| | 29788 | (\000)2122 -3 y Fl(Q)2211 -18 y Fw(is)f(the)h(width)f(of)g(the)h(hea)m |
| | 29789 | (vy-quark-mass)709 90 y(distribution,)35 b(and)55 b(^)-68 |
| | 29790 | b Fj(m)37 b Fw(is)f(the)g(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)35 b(mass)h(of)g(the)h |
| | 29791 | (hea)m(vy-quark)h(pair.)54 b(The)709 198 y(\000)770 213 |
| | 29792 | y Fl(Q)865 198 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(has)h(to)g(b)s(e)g(stored)g(b)m(y) |
| | 29793 | g(the)g(user)h(in)e Fq(PARP\(36\))p Fw(.)58 b(The)37 |
| | 29794 | b(regularization)709 307 y(of)32 b Fj(\013)882 322 y |
| | 29795 | Fl(s)946 307 y Fw(at)h(lo)m(w)f Fj(Q)1319 270 y Fl(2)1391 |
| | 29796 | 307 y Fw(is)g(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)i Fq(MSTP\(36\))p Fw(.)0 |
| | 29797 | 415 y Fq(MSTP\(36\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))33 b(regularization)f(of)i |
| | 29798 | Fj(\013)1664 430 y Fl(s)1730 415 y Fw(in)g(the)h(limit)c |
| | 29799 | Fj(Q)2328 379 y Fl(2)2398 415 y Fn(!)g Fw(0)j(for)g(the)h(threshold)f |
| | 29800 | (factor)g(ob-)472 523 y(tainable)26 b(in)g(the)h Fq(MSTP\(35\)=2)i |
| | 29801 | Fw(option;)f(see)g Fq(MSTU\(115\))h Fw(for)d(a)h(list)e(of)h(the)h(p)s |
| | 29802 | (ossibilities.)0 632 y Fq(MSTP\(37\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))23 |
| | 29803 | b(inclusion)g(of)h(running)g(quark)h(masses)h(in)d(Higgs)h(pro)s |
| | 29804 | (duction)g(\(q)p 3241 579 52 4 v(q)k Fn(!)f Fw(H)3520 |
| | 29805 | 595 y Fl(0)3560 632 y Fw(\))d(and)472 740 y(deca)m(y)38 |
| | 29806 | b(\(H)858 704 y Fl(0)931 740 y Fn(!)33 b Fw(q)p 1115 |
| | 29807 | 687 V(q)q(\))j(couplings.)53 b(Also)35 b(included)h(for)f(c)m(harged)i |
| | 29808 | (Higgs)e(pro)s(duction)g(and)472 848 y(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)31 |
| | 29809 | b(but)e(there)h(only)e(for)g(the)h(do)m(wn-t)m(yp)s(e)h(quark,)g(since) |
| | 29810 | f(the)g(up-t)m(yp)s(e)h(one)f(normally)472 957 y(is)k(a)f(top)g(quark,) |
| | 29811 | i(with)e Fj(m)1436 972 y Fl(t)1496 957 y Fn(\031)c Fj(m)1686 |
| | 29812 | 972 y Fl(H)1743 957 y Fw(.)236 1065 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 29813 | b Fw(not)32 b(included,)g(i.e.)42 b(\014xed)34 b(quark)f(masses)g(are)f |
| | 29814 | (used)h(according)f(to)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(in)709 |
| | 29815 | 1173 y(the)h Fq(PMAS)g Fw(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)236 1282 y |
| | 29816 | Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(included,)26 b(with)g(running)f(starting)g |
| | 29817 | (from)f(the)i(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(giv)m(en)h(in)f(the)h |
| | 29818 | Fq(PMAS)h Fw(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)27 b(at)709 1390 y(a)g Fj(Q)862 |
| | 29819 | 1405 y Fl(0)930 1390 y Fw(scale)h(of)34 b Fq(PARP\(37\))c |
| | 29820 | Fw(times)d(the)i(quark)f(mass)g(itself,)g(up)g(to)g(a)f |
| | 29821 | Fj(Q)h Fw(scale)g(giv)m(en)709 1498 y(b)m(y)41 b(the)f(Higgs)f(mass.)66 |
| | 29822 | b(This)40 b(option)f(only)h(w)m(orks)h(when)h Fj(\013)2975 |
| | 29823 | 1513 y Fl(s)3047 1498 y Fw(is)d(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)h(run)709 |
| | 29824 | 1607 y(\(so)30 b(one)h(can)g(de\014ne)h(a)e(\003)g(v)-5 |
| | 29825 | b(alue\).)43 b(Therefore)31 b(it)f(is)g(only)g(applied)f(if)h |
| | 29826 | (additionally)709 1715 y Fq(MSTP\(2\))p Fn(\025)g Fw(1.)0 |
| | 29827 | 1823 y Fq(MSTP\(38\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=5\))31 b(handling)f(of)h(quark) |
| | 29828 | i(lo)s(op)d(masses)i(in)f(the)i(b)s(o)m(x)f(graphs)g(gg)c |
| | 29829 | Fn(!)g Fj(\015)5 b(\015)36 b Fw(and)c(gg)d Fn(!)472 1932 |
| | 29830 | y Fw(g)q Fj(\015)5 b Fw(.)236 2040 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 29831 | b Fw(the)35 b(program)e(will)g(for)h(eac)m(h)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)g |
| | 29832 | (automatically)31 b(c)m(ho)s(ose)36 b(the)f(massless)g(ap-)709 |
| | 29833 | 2148 y(pro)m(ximation)45 b(for)i(ligh)m(t)f(quarks)j(and)f(the)g(full)e |
| | 29834 | (massiv)m(e)i(form)m(ulae)e(for)h(hea)m(vy)709 2257 y(quarks,)i(with)44 |
| | 29835 | b(a)h(dividing)e(line)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(ligh)m(t)c(and)i(hea)m(vy)i |
| | 29836 | (quarks)f(that)e(de-)709 2365 y(p)s(ends)33 b(on)g(the)g(actual)i(^)-53 |
| | 29837 | b Fj(s)33 b Fw(scale.)236 2473 y Fn(\025)p Fq(1)52 b(:)242 |
| | 29838 | b Fw(the)36 b(program)e(will)g(use)j(the)f(massless)g(appro)m(ximation) |
| | 29839 | e(throughout,)i(assuming)709 2582 y(the)31 b(presence)i(of)k |
| | 29840 | Fq(MSTP\(38\))c Fw(e\013ectiv)m(ely)e(massless)g(quark)h(sp)s(ecies)f |
| | 29841 | (\(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(at)709 2690 y(most)29 b(8\).)42 |
| | 29842 | b(Normally)28 b(one)i(w)m(ould)g(use)h Fq(=5)g Fw(for)f(the)g |
| | 29843 | (inclusion)e(of)i(all)e(quarks)j(up)g(to)709 2798 y(b)s(ottom,)g(and)i |
| | 29844 | Fq(=6)g Fw(to)f(include)g(top)g(as)h(w)m(ell.)236 2907 |
| | 29845 | y Fo(W)-9 b(arning:)47 b Fw(for)53 b Fq(=0)p Fw(,)60 |
| | 29846 | b(n)m(umerical)52 b(instabilities)f(ma)m(y)j(arise)f(for)g(scattering)h |
| | 29847 | (at)g(small)d(an-)709 3015 y(gles.)45 b(Users)34 b(are)f(therefore)h |
| | 29848 | (recommended)f(in)g(this)f(case)i(to)f(set)h Fq(CKIN\(27\))h |
| | 29849 | Fw(and)709 3123 y Fq(CKIN\(28\))g Fw(so)e(as)g(to)g(exclude)h(the)f |
| | 29850 | (range)g(of)g(scattering)g(angles)f(that)h(are)g(not)g(of)709 |
| | 29851 | 3232 y(in)m(terest)g(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)-8 b(.)0 3340 y |
| | 29852 | Fq(MSTP\(39\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))41 b(c)m(hoice)h(of)f |
| | 29853 | Fj(Q)1373 3304 y Fl(2)1455 3340 y Fw(scale)h(for)f(parton)h |
| | 29854 | (distributions)e(and)i(initial)c(state)43 b(parton)472 |
| | 29855 | 3458 y(sho)m(w)m(ers)35 b(in)d(pro)s(cesses)j(gg)e(or)f(q)p |
| | 29856 | 1668 3405 V(q)d Fn(!)e Fw(Q)p 1951 3380 76 4 v(QH.)236 |
| | 29857 | 3566 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fj(m)794 3530 y Fl(2)794 |
| | 29858 | 3591 y(Q)853 3566 y Fw(.)236 3691 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 29859 | b Fw(max)o(\()p Fj(m)1013 3655 y Fl(2)1013 3716 y Fk(?)p |
| | 29860 | Fl(Q)1127 3691 y Fj(;)17 b(m)1256 3655 y Fl(2)1256 3730 |
| | 29861 | y Fk(?)p 1312 3675 55 4 v Fl(Q)1370 3691 y Fw(\))28 b(=)g |
| | 29862 | Fj(m)1625 3655 y Fl(2)1625 3716 y(Q)1706 3691 y Fw(+)22 |
| | 29863 | b(max\()p Fj(p)2073 3655 y Fl(2)2073 3716 y Fk(?)p Fl(Q)2186 |
| | 29864 | 3691 y Fj(;)17 b(p)2279 3655 y Fl(2)2279 3730 y Fk(?)p |
| | 29865 | 2335 3675 V Fl(Q)2393 3691 y Fw(\).)236 3830 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29866 | b(3)f(:)217 b Fj(m)794 3794 y Fl(2)794 3855 y(H)851 3830 |
| | 29867 | y Fw(,)42 b(where)f Fj(m)1294 3845 y Fl(H)1391 3830 y |
| | 29868 | Fw(is)e(the)i(actual)e(Higgs)g(mass)h(of)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)k(not)c |
| | 29869 | (the)g(nominal)709 3939 y(one.)236 4047 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)221 |
| | 29870 | b Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)27 b Fw(=)h(\()p Fj(p)973 4062 y Fl(H)1052 |
| | 29871 | 4047 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)1199 4062 y Fl(Q)1280 4047 y Fw(+)g |
| | 29872 | Fj(p)p 1427 4019 60 4 v 28 x Fl(Q)1486 4047 y Fw(\))1524 |
| | 29873 | 4011 y Fl(2)1563 4047 y Fw(.)0 4172 y Fq(MSTP\(40\))53 |
| | 29874 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))28 b(option)f(for)h(Coulom)m(b)g(correction)g(in)g |
| | 29875 | (pro)s(cess)i(25)f(W)2844 4136 y Fl(+)2903 4172 y Fw(W)3004 |
| | 29876 | 4136 y Fk(\000)3092 4172 y Fw(pair)f(pro)s(duction,)472 |
| | 29877 | 4281 y(see)47 b([Kho96)o(].)82 b(The)46 b(v)-5 b(alue)44 |
| | 29878 | b(of)h(the)h(Coulom)m(b)e(correction)h(factor)f(for)h(eac)m(h)h(ev)m |
| | 29879 | (en)m(t)h(is)472 4389 y(stored)34 b(in)d Fq(VINT\(95\))p |
| | 29880 | Fw(.)236 4497 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(\\no)32 b(Coulom)m(b".)42 |
| | 29881 | b(Is)33 b(the)g(often-used)h(reference)g(p)s(oin)m(t.)236 |
| | 29882 | 4606 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(\\unstable)32 b(Coulom)m(b",)f(giv)m |
| | 29883 | (es)i(the)g(correct)g(\014rst-order)f(expression)i(v)-5 |
| | 29884 | b(alid)30 b(in)i(the)709 4714 y(non-relativistic)40 b(limit.)73 |
| | 29885 | b(Is)44 b(the)g(reasonable)f(option)f(to)i(use)g(as)g(a)f(\\b)s(est)h |
| | 29886 | (b)s(et")709 4822 y(description)32 b(of)g(LEP)h(2)f(ph)m(ysics.)236 |
| | 29887 | 4931 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(\\second-order)35 b(Coulom)m(b")e(giv)m |
| | 29888 | (es)j(the)f(correct)g(second-order)g(expression)h(v)-5 |
| | 29889 | b(alid)709 5039 y(in)30 b(the)i(non-relativistic)d(limit.)40 |
| | 29890 | b(In)32 b(principle)e(this)h(is)g(ev)m(en)i(b)s(etter)f(than)g |
| | 29891 | Fq(=1)p Fw(,)g(but)709 5147 y(the)38 b(di\013erences)h(are)e |
| | 29892 | (negligible)e(and)j(computer)f(time)g(do)s(es)h(go)f(up)h(b)s(ecause)h |
| | 29893 | (of)709 5256 y(the)33 b(need)g(for)f(a)h(n)m(umerical)e(in)m(tegration) |
| | 29894 | g(in)g(the)i(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(factor.)236 5364 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29895 | b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(\\damp)s(ened)28 b(Coulom)m(b",)g(where)h(the)g |
| | 29896 | (unstable)f(Coulom)m(b)g(expression)h(has)g(b)s(een)709 |
| | 29897 | 5472 y(mo)s(di\014ed)41 b(b)m(y)i(a)f(\(1)28 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 29898 | Fj(\014)6 b Fw(\))1673 5436 y Fl(2)1754 5472 y Fw(factor)42 |
| | 29899 | b(in)f(fron)m(t)h(of)g(the)h(arctan)f(term.)72 b(This)42 |
| | 29900 | b(is)g(in-)709 5581 y(tended)32 b(as)g(an)g(alternativ)m(e)e(to)i |
| | 29901 | Fq(=1)g Fw(within)e(the)i(band)g(of)f(our)h(uncertain)m(t)m(y)g(in)f |
| | 29902 | (the)1817 5953 y(154)p eop |
| | 29903 | %%Page: 155 161 |
| | 29904 | 155 160 bop 709 -18 a Fw(relativistic)30 b(limit.)236 |
| | 29905 | 90 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(\\stable)29 b(Coulom)m(b",)f(i.e.)42 |
| | 29906 | b(e\013ects)31 b(are)e(calculated)g(as)g(if)g(the)g(W)q('s)i(w)m(ere)g |
| | 29907 | (stable.)42 b(Is)709 198 y(incorrect,)32 b(and)h(mainly)d(in)m(tended)k |
| | 29908 | (for)e(comparison)f(purp)s(oses.)236 307 y Fo(Note)37 |
| | 29909 | b(:)166 b Fw(Unfortunately)44 b(the)h(W)q('s)g(at)f(LEP)h(2)f(are)h |
| | 29910 | (not)f(in)f(the)i(non-relativistic)d(limit,)709 415 y(so)36 |
| | 29911 | b(the)h(separation)f(of)g(Coulom)m(b)f(e\013ects)j(from)d(other)i |
| | 29912 | (radiativ)m(e)e(corrections)i(is)709 523 y(not)j(gauge)h(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 29913 | b(arian)m(t.)66 b(The)41 b(options)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(should)e |
| | 29914 | (therefore)i(b)s(e)e(view)m(ed)i(as)709 632 y(indicativ)m(e)31 |
| | 29915 | b(only)-8 b(,)32 b(not)h(as)f(the)h(ultimate)d(answ)m(er.)0 |
| | 29916 | 740 y Fq(MSTP\(41\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))38 b(master)h(switc)m(h)h |
| | 29917 | (for)e(all)f(resonance)k(deca)m(ys)g(\(Z)2672 704 y Fl(0)2711 |
| | 29918 | 740 y Fw(,)f(W)2879 704 y Fk(\006)2939 740 y Fw(,)h(H)3080 |
| | 29919 | 704 y Fl(0)3119 740 y Fw(,)g(Z)3247 704 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)3305 |
| | 29920 | 740 y Fw(,)g(W)3474 704 y Fk(0\006)3553 740 y Fw(,)g(H)3694 |
| | 29921 | 704 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)3752 740 y Fw(,)472 848 y(A)545 812 |
| | 29922 | y Fl(0)585 848 y Fw(,)33 b(H)718 812 y Fk(\006)777 848 |
| | 29923 | y Fw(,)f(L)897 863 y Fl(Q)956 848 y Fw(,)h(R)1088 812 |
| | 29924 | y Fl(0)1127 848 y Fw(,)g(d)1241 812 y Fk(\003)1280 848 |
| | 29925 | y Fw(,)g(u)1394 812 y Fk(\003)1434 848 y Fw(,)f(.)16 |
| | 29926 | b(.)g(.)g(\).)236 957 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(o\013.)236 |
| | 29927 | 1065 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(on.)236 1173 y Fo(Note:)203 |
| | 29928 | b Fw(also)45 b(for)h Fq(MSTP\(41\)=1)j Fw(it)c(is)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)h |
| | 29929 | (switc)m(h)h(o\013)f(the)h(deca)m(ys)h(of)e(sp)s(eci\014c)709 |
| | 29930 | 1282 y(resonances)29 b(b)m(y)f(using)g(the)f Fq(MDCY\(KC,1\))k |
| | 29931 | Fw(switc)m(hes)e(in)d Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)41 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)31 |
| | 29932 | b(since)709 1390 y(the)d Fq(MDCY)i Fw(v)-5 b(alues)28 |
| | 29933 | b(are)g(o)m(v)m(erwritten)h(in)f(the)h Fq(PYINIT)g Fw(call,)f |
| | 29934 | (individual)e(resonances)709 1498 y(should)32 b(b)s(e)h(switc)m(hed)h |
| | 29935 | (o\013)e(after)g(the)h Fq(PYINIT)h Fw(call.)236 1607 |
| | 29936 | y Fo(W)-9 b(arning:)47 b Fw(lepto)s(quark)30 b(deca)m(ys)h(m)m(ust)f |
| | 29937 | (not)g(b)s(e)g(switc)m(hed)h(o\013)e(if)g(one)h(later)f(on)g(in)m |
| | 29938 | (tends)i(to)e(let)709 1715 y(lepto)s(quarks)k(deca)m(y)h(\(with)e |
| | 29939 | Fq(LUEXEC)p Fw(\);)i(see)g(section)e(8.5.3.)0 1823 y |
| | 29940 | Fq(MSTP\(42\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))33 b(mass)h(treatmen)m(t)f(in)g(2) |
| | 29941 | d Fn(!)f Fw(2)34 b(pro)s(cesses,)i(where)f(the)g(\014nal-state)e |
| | 29942 | (resonances)472 1932 y(ha)m(v)m(e)24 b(\014nite)f(width)f(\(see)i |
| | 29943 | Fq(PARP\(41\))p Fw(\).)42 b(\(Do)s(es)23 b(not)f(apply)h(for)f(the)h |
| | 29944 | (pro)s(duction)f(of)g(a)h(single)472 2040 y Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)33 |
| | 29945 | b(resonance,)i(where)f(the)f(mass)g(app)s(ears)g(explicitly)e(in)h(the) |
| | 29946 | h(cross)h(section)f(of)472 2148 y(the)g(pro)s(cess,)h(and)f(th)m(us)h |
| | 29947 | (is)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(selected)h(with)e(width.\))236 2257 |
| | 29948 | y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(particles)31 b(are)i(put)g(on)f(the)h(mass)g |
| | 29949 | (shell.)236 2365 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(mass)32 b(generated)i |
| | 29950 | (according)e(to)g(a)g(Breit{Wigner.)0 2473 y Fq(MSTP\(43\))53 |
| | 29951 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=3\))42 b(treatmen)m(t)i(of)e(Z)1523 2437 |
| | 29952 | y Fl(0)1562 2473 y Fj(=\015)1667 2437 y Fk(\003)1750 |
| | 29953 | 2473 y Fw(in)m(terference)i(in)f(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts.)76 |
| | 29954 | b(So)43 b(far)g(imple-)472 2582 y(men)m(ted)f(in)d(subpro)s(cesses)44 |
| | 29955 | b(1,)e(15,)h(19,)f(22,)g(30)e(and)h(35;)j(in)c(other)g(pro)s(cesses)j |
| | 29956 | (what)e(is)472 2690 y(called)32 b(a)g(Z)890 2654 y Fl(0)962 |
| | 29957 | 2690 y Fw(is)g(really)f(a)h(Z)1469 2654 y Fl(0)1541 2690 |
| | 29958 | y Fw(only)-8 b(,)32 b(without)g(the)h Fj(\015)2361 2654 |
| | 29959 | y Fk(\003)2433 2690 y Fw(piece.)236 2798 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 29960 | b Fw(only)32 b Fj(\015)979 2762 y Fk(\003)1051 2798 y |
| | 29961 | Fw(included.)236 2907 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(only)32 |
| | 29962 | b(Z)983 2871 y Fl(0)1054 2907 y Fw(included.)236 3015 |
| | 29963 | y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(complete)32 b(Z)1181 2979 |
| | 29964 | y Fl(0)1220 3015 y Fj(=\015)1325 2979 y Fk(\003)1396 |
| | 29965 | 3015 y Fw(structure)i(\(with)e(in)m(terference\))i(included.)0 |
| | 29966 | 3123 y Fq(MSTP\(44\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=7\))31 b(treatmen)m(t)i(of)f(Z) |
| | 29967 | 1491 3087 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1549 3123 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1658 |
| | 29968 | 3087 y Fl(0)1697 3123 y Fj(=\015)1802 3087 y Fk(\003)1874 |
| | 29969 | 3123 y Fw(in)m(terference)i(in)d(matrix)g(elemen)m(ts.)236 |
| | 29970 | 3232 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(only)32 b Fj(\015)979 |
| | 29971 | 3196 y Fk(\003)1051 3232 y Fw(included.)236 3340 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 29972 | b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(only)32 b(Z)983 3304 y Fl(0)1054 3340 |
| | 29973 | y Fw(included.)236 3448 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(only)32 |
| | 29974 | b(Z)983 3412 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1073 3448 y Fw(included.)236 |
| | 29975 | 3557 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(only)32 b(Z)983 3521 |
| | 29976 | y Fl(0)1022 3557 y Fj(=\015)1127 3521 y Fk(\003)1199 |
| | 29977 | 3557 y Fw(\(with)g(in)m(terference\))h(included.)236 |
| | 29978 | 3665 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(only)32 b(Z)983 3629 |
| | 29979 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1041 3665 y Fj(=\015)1146 3629 y Fk(\003)1218 |
| | 29980 | 3665 y Fw(\(with)g(in)m(terference\))h(included.)236 |
| | 29981 | 3774 y Fq(=)52 b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(only)32 b(Z)983 3737 |
| | 29982 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1041 3774 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1150 3737 y Fl(0)1221 |
| | 29983 | 3774 y Fw(\(with)g(in)m(terference\))i(included.)236 |
| | 29984 | 3882 y Fq(=)52 b(7)f(:)217 b Fw(complete)32 b(Z)1181 |
| | 29985 | 3846 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1239 3882 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1348 3846 |
| | 29986 | y Fl(0)1387 3882 y Fj(=\015)1492 3846 y Fk(\003)1563 |
| | 29987 | 3882 y Fw(structure)i(\(with)e(in)m(terference\))i(included.)0 |
| | 29988 | 3990 y Fq(MSTP\(45\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=3\))31 b(treatmen)m(t)i(of)f |
| | 29989 | (WW)e Fn(!)d Fw(WW)34 b(structure)g(\(ISUB)f(=)f(77\).)236 |
| | 29990 | 4099 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(only)32 b(W)1024 4062 |
| | 29991 | y Fl(+)1083 4099 y Fw(W)1184 4062 y Fl(+)1272 4099 y |
| | 29992 | Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)1500 4062 y Fl(+)1560 4099 y Fw(W)1661 |
| | 29993 | 4062 y Fl(+)1753 4099 y Fw(and)32 b(W)2043 4062 y Fk(\000)2103 |
| | 29994 | 4099 y Fw(W)2204 4062 y Fk(\000)2291 4099 y Fn(!)c Fw(W)2520 |
| | 29995 | 4062 y Fk(\000)2579 4099 y Fw(W)2680 4062 y Fk(\000)2772 |
| | 29996 | 4099 y Fw(included.)236 4207 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b |
| | 29997 | Fw(only)32 b(W)1024 4171 y Fl(+)1083 4207 y Fw(W)1184 |
| | 29998 | 4171 y Fk(\000)1272 4207 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)1500 4171 y |
| | 29999 | Fl(+)1560 4207 y Fw(W)1661 4171 y Fk(\000)1753 4207 y |
| | 30000 | Fw(included.)236 4315 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(all)30 |
| | 30001 | b(c)m(harge)j(com)m(binations)e(WW)f Fn(!)d Fw(WW)34 |
| | 30002 | b(included.)0 4424 y Fq(MSTP\(46\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))34 |
| | 30003 | b(treatmen)m(t)h(of)f Fj(V)21 b(V)54 b Fn(!)31 b Fj(V)1836 |
| | 30004 | 4387 y Fk(0)1860 4424 y Fj(V)1938 4387 y Fk(0)1996 4424 |
| | 30005 | y Fw(structures)37 b(\(ISUB)e(=)g(71{77\),)f(where)i |
| | 30006 | Fj(V)57 b Fw(rep-)472 4532 y(resen)m(ts)35 b(a)d(longitudinal)d(gauge)k |
| | 30007 | (b)s(oson.)236 4640 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(only)33 |
| | 30008 | b Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)h(Higgs)e(exc)m(hange)k(included)d(\(where)i |
| | 30009 | (existing\).)47 b(With)33 b(this)g(op-)709 4749 y(tion,)d(subpro)s |
| | 30010 | (cesses)k(71{72)c(and)h(76{77)f(will)f(essen)m(tially)i(b)s(e)g(equiv) |
| | 30011 | -5 b(alen)m(t)31 b(to)g(sub-)709 4857 y(pro)s(cesses)g(5)e(and)g(8,)g |
| | 30012 | (resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)31 b(with)e(the)h(prop)s(er)f(deca)m(y)h(c)m |
| | 30013 | (hannels)g(\(i.e.)42 b(only)709 4965 y(Z)769 4929 y Fl(0)808 |
| | 30014 | 4965 y Fw(Z)868 4929 y Fl(0)936 4965 y Fw(or)29 b(W)1153 |
| | 30015 | 4929 y Fl(+)1212 4965 y Fw(W)1313 4929 y Fk(\000)1373 |
| | 30016 | 4965 y Fw(\))g(set)h(via)f Fq(MDME)p Fw(.)h(The)g(description)f |
| | 30017 | (obtained)g(for)g(subpro)s(cesses)709 5074 y(5)j(and)h(8)f(in)g(this)g |
| | 30018 | (case)h(is)g(more)e(sophisticated,)i(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er;)i(see)f(section) |
| | 30019 | e(8.4.2.)236 5182 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(all)30 b(graphs)j(con)m |
| | 30020 | (tributing)f(to)g Fj(V)21 b(V)50 b Fn(!)27 b Fj(V)2224 |
| | 30021 | 5146 y Fk(0)2248 5182 y Fj(V)2326 5146 y Fk(0)2382 5182 |
| | 30022 | y Fw(pro)s(cesses)35 b(are)d(included.)236 5290 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30023 | b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(only)27 b(graphs)g(not)g(in)m(v)m(olving)g(Higgs)f |
| | 30024 | (exc)m(hange)j(\(either)e(in)g Fj(s)p Fw(,)h Fj(t)g Fw(or)f |
| | 30025 | Fj(u)g Fw(c)m(hannel\))g(are)709 5399 y(included;)32 |
| | 30026 | b(this)f(option)g(then)i(giv)m(es)f(the)h(na)-11 b(\177)-38 |
| | 30027 | b(\020v)m(e)32 b(b)s(eha)m(viour)g(one)g(w)m(ould)g(exp)s(ect)i(if)709 |
| | 30028 | 5507 y(no)23 b(Higgs)f(exists,)k(including)21 b(unph)m(ysical)i |
| | 30029 | (unitarit)m(y)f(violations)f(at)i(high)f(energies.)236 |
| | 30030 | 5615 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(the)41 b(strongly)g(in)m(teracting)e |
| | 30031 | (Higgs-lik)m(e)g(mo)s(del)g(of)i(Dobado,)h(Herrero)f(and)g(T)-8 |
| | 30032 | b(er-)1817 5953 y(155)p eop |
| | 30033 | %%Page: 156 162 |
| | 30034 | 156 161 bop 709 -18 a Fw(ron)44 b([Dob91)o(])h(with)g(P)m(ad)m(\023)-46 |
| | 30035 | b(e)46 b(unitarization.)77 b(Note)45 b(that)g(to)f(use)i(this)f(option) |
| | 30036 | e(it)709 90 y(is)d(necessary)j(to)e(set)g(the)h(Higgs)e(mass)h(to)f(a)h |
| | 30037 | (large)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(lik)m(e)f(20)g(T)-8 b(eV)42 |
| | 30038 | b(\(i.e.)709 198 y Fq(PMAS\(25,1\)=20000)p Fw(\).)k(The)28 |
| | 30039 | b(parameter)f Fj(\027)34 b Fw(is)27 b(stored)h(in)e Fq(PARP\(44\))p |
| | 30040 | Fw(,)31 b(but)d(should)709 307 y(not)k(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(c)m |
| | 30041 | (hanged.)236 415 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(as)32 b Fq(=3)p |
| | 30042 | Fw(,)i(but)e(with)h(K-matrix)d(unitarization.)236 523 |
| | 30043 | y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(the)31 b(strongly)f(in)m(teracting)g |
| | 30044 | (QCD-lik)m(e)f(mo)s(del)g(of)i(Dobado,)f(Herrero)h(and)g(T)-8 |
| | 30045 | b(erron)709 632 y([Dob91)o(])25 b(with)g(P)m(ad)m(\023)-46 |
| | 30046 | b(e)26 b(unitarization.)38 b(The)26 b(parameter)f Fj(\027)31 |
| | 30047 | b Fw(is)25 b(stored)h(in)e Fq(PARP\(44\))p Fw(,)709 740 |
| | 30048 | y(but)37 b(should)f(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged.)56 |
| | 30049 | b(The)38 b(e\013ectiv)m(e)g(tec)m(hni-)p Fj(\032)e Fw(mass)h(in)f(this) |
| | 30050 | 709 848 y(mo)s(del)42 b(is)i(stored)g(in)f Fq(PARP\(45\))p |
| | 30051 | Fw(;)52 b(b)m(y)45 b(default)e(it)g(is)h(2054)f(GeV,)h(whic)m(h)h(is)e |
| | 30052 | (the)709 957 y(exp)s(ected)32 b(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(for)h(three)h(tec)m |
| | 30053 | (hnicolors,)f(based)h(on)f(scaling)f(up)h(the)h(ordinary)e |
| | 30054 | Fj(\032)709 1065 y Fw(mass)j(appropriately)-8 b(.)236 |
| | 30055 | 1173 y Fq(=)52 b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(as)41 b Fq(=5)p Fw(,)j(but)d(with)g |
| | 30056 | (K-matrix)e(unitarization.)66 b(While)40 b Fq(PARP\(45\))j |
| | 30057 | Fw(still)c(is)h(a)h(pa-)709 1282 y(rameter)c(of)g(the)i(mo)s(del,)e |
| | 30058 | (this)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(of)g(unitarization)d(do)s(es)j(not)g(giv)m(e)g |
| | 30059 | (rise)f(to)h(a)709 1390 y(resonance)c(at)e(a)g(mass)h(of)39 |
| | 30060 | b Fq(PARP\(45\))p Fw(.)0 1498 y Fq(MSTP\(47\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 30061 | b Fw(\(D=1\))43 b(\(C\))i(angular)e(orien)m(tation)f(of)i(deca)m(y)i |
| | 30062 | (pro)s(ducts)f(of)e(resonances)k(\(Z)3479 1462 y Fl(0)3518 |
| | 30063 | 1498 y Fw(,)g(W)3693 1462 y Fk(\006)3752 1498 y Fw(,)472 |
| | 30064 | 1607 y(H)545 1571 y Fl(0)585 1607 y Fw(,)37 b(Z)709 1571 |
| | 30065 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)767 1607 y Fw(,)f(W)931 1571 y Fk(0\006)1010 |
| | 30066 | 1607 y Fw(,)h(etc.\),)g(either)f(when)h(pro)s(duced)f(singly)f(or)h(in) |
| | 30067 | f(pairs)g(\(also)g(from)f(an)i(H)3740 1571 y Fl(0)472 |
| | 30068 | 1715 y Fw(deca)m(y\),)e(or)f(in)e(com)m(bination)g(with)h(a)g(single)g |
| | 30069 | (quark,)h(gluon)f(or)g(photon.)236 1823 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 30070 | b Fw(indep)s(enden)m(t)49 b(deca)m(y)h(of)e(eac)m(h)h(resonance,)k |
| | 30071 | (isotropic)47 b(in)h(c.m.)90 b(frame)47 b(of)h(the)709 |
| | 30072 | 1932 y(resonance.)236 2040 y Fq(=)k(1)f(:)217 b Fw(correlated)43 |
| | 30073 | b(deca)m(y)i(angular)e(distributions)f(according)h(to)g(prop)s(er)h |
| | 30074 | (matrix)e(ele-)709 2148 y(men)m(ts,)33 b(to)f(the)h(exten)m(t)h(these)g |
| | 30075 | (are)f(kno)m(wn.)0 2257 y Fq(MSTP\(48\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))32 |
| | 30076 | b(\(C\))i(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d(to)i(switc)m(h)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(top)f |
| | 30077 | (deca)m(y)g(b)s(efore)g(or)f(after)g(fragmen-)472 2365 |
| | 30078 | y(tation.)52 b(As)37 b(a)e(rule)h(of)f(th)m(um)m(b,)i(option)e(0)h(is)f |
| | 30079 | (recommendable)g(for)g(top)h(masses)h(b)s(elo)m(w)472 |
| | 30080 | 2473 y(120)42 b(GeV)g(and)h(option)e(1)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(that,)i(but)e |
| | 30081 | (clearly)e(there)i(is)f(a)g(gradual)f(transition)472 |
| | 30082 | 2582 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)35 b(the)e(t)m(w)m(o.)236 2690 |
| | 30083 | y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(top)38 b(quarks)h(fragmen)m(t)f(to)g(top)g |
| | 30084 | (hadrons,)i(whic)m(h)f(subsequen)m(tly)h(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 30085 | b(.)62 b(The)39 b(b)709 2798 y(quark)32 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(allo)m(w)m |
| | 30086 | (ed)f(to)g(sho)m(w)m(er,)j(see)f Fq(MSTJ\(27\))p Fw(.)45 |
| | 30087 | b(The)33 b(W)g(pro)s(duced)f(in)f(the)709 2907 y(deca)m(y)j(is)e(co)s |
| | 30088 | (de)h(89.)236 3015 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(top)31 |
| | 30089 | b(quarks)h(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)33 b(t)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(bW)1830 |
| | 30090 | 2979 y Fl(+)1890 3015 y Fw(,)32 b(and)f(thereafter)g(the)h(b)f(quark)h |
| | 30091 | (fragmen)m(ts.)43 b(P)m(ar-)709 3123 y(ton)d(sho)m(w)m(ering)i(of)f |
| | 30092 | (the)g(b)g(is)f(automatically)e(included,)43 b(but)e(can)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 30093 | (switc)m(hed)709 3232 y(o\013)36 b(with)g Fq(MSTP\(71\))p |
| | 30094 | Fw(.)56 b(The)38 b(W)f(has)g(the)g(ordinary)f(co)s(de)g(24,)h(and)f(is) |
| | 30095 | g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)709 3340 y(deca)m(y)e(isotropically)-8 |
| | 30096 | b(.)236 3448 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(as)36 b Fq(=1)p |
| | 30097 | Fw(,)h(except)h(that)d(the)i(W)g(deca)m(y)g(is)f(anisotropic,)f(as)h |
| | 30098 | (exp)s(ected)i(from)d(W)i(p)s(o-)709 3557 y(larization)29 |
| | 30099 | b(in)j(the)h(top)f(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)236 3665 y Fo(Note:)203 |
| | 30100 | b Fw(in)36 b(options)h(1)g(and)g(2)g(the)h(cross)g(section)g(is)e |
| | 30101 | (reduced)j(to)e(tak)m(e)h(in)m(to)f(accoun)m(t)h(re-)709 |
| | 30102 | 3774 y(strictions)k(on)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(deca)m(y)i(mo)s(des,)h(while)d |
| | 30103 | (no)h(suc)m(h)h(reduction)f(o)s(ccurs)g(for)709 3882 |
| | 30104 | y(option)31 b(0.)43 b(See)34 b(further)f(section)f(8.2.2.)0 |
| | 30105 | 3990 y Fq(MSTP\(49\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))36 b(\(C\))i(p)s(ossibilit) |
| | 30106 | m(y)d(to)j(switc)m(h)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(fourth)f(generation)e(deca)m |
| | 30107 | (y)j(b)s(efore)f(or)472 4099 y(after)24 b(fragmen)m(tation.)39 |
| | 30108 | b(F)-8 b(or)23 b(the)i(quarks)g(h)f(and)g(l)f(the)i(meaning)d(is)i |
| | 30109 | (exactly)g(as)g Fq(MSTP\(48\))472 4207 y Fw(is)32 b(for)f(the)i(t)f |
| | 30110 | (quark.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(the)h(lepton)g Fj(\037)g |
| | 30111 | Fw(the)g(di\013erence)h(is)e(whether)j(deca)m(y)f(is)f(handled)472 |
| | 30112 | 4315 y(as)g(part)g(of)f(the)h Fm(Pythia)g Fw(resonance)h(mac)m(hinery)f |
| | 30113 | (or)f(as)h(part)g(of)f(the)h Fm(Jetset)f Fw(particle)472 |
| | 30114 | 4424 y(deca)m(y)45 b(one.)77 b(The)44 b Fj(\027)1263 |
| | 30115 | 4439 y Fh(\037)1354 4424 y Fw(is)f(assumed)h(stable,)i(so)e(the)g |
| | 30116 | (option)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(w)m(ould)g(curren)m(tly)472 |
| | 30117 | 4532 y(mak)m(e)33 b(no)g(di\013erence.)236 4640 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30118 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(hadrons)36 b(are)g(\014rst)h(pro)s(duced,)h(whic)m(h)e |
| | 30119 | (subsequen)m(tly)j(deca)m(y)f(\(in)d Fq(LUDECY)p Fw(\).)j(The)709 |
| | 30120 | 4749 y(new)h(quark)f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)h(sho)m(w)m |
| | 30121 | (er,)j(see)e Fq(MSTJ\(27\))p Fw(.)61 b(The)39 b(W)h(pro)s(duced)709 |
| | 30122 | 4857 y(in)31 b(the)i(deca)m(y)h(is)f(co)s(de)f Fn(\006)p |
| | 30123 | Fw(89.)236 4965 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)25 b(hea)m(vy)i(quark)f |
| | 30124 | (\014rst)f(deca)m(ys)i(\(in)d Fq(PYRESD)p Fw(\))j(to)d(a)h(ligh)m(t)e |
| | 30125 | (one,)k(and)e(thereafter)h(the)709 5074 y(ligh)m(t)37 |
| | 30126 | b(quark)j(fragmen)m(ts.)64 b(P)m(arton)39 b(sho)m(w)m(ering)h(in)f(the) |
| | 30127 | g(deca)m(y)i(is)e(automatically)709 5182 y(included,)24 |
| | 30128 | b(but)e(can)h(b)s(e)g(switc)m(hed)g(o\013)f(with)g Fq(MSTP\(71\))p |
| | 30129 | Fw(.)42 b(The)24 b(W)g(has)e(the)h(ordinary)709 5290 |
| | 30130 | y(co)s(de)33 b Fn(\006)p Fw(24,)f(and)h(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(deca) |
| | 30131 | m(y)i(isotropically)-8 b(.)236 5399 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 30132 | b Fw(as)36 b Fq(=1)p Fw(,)h(except)h(that)d(the)i(W)g(deca)m(y)g(is)f |
| | 30133 | (anisotropic,)f(as)h(exp)s(ected)i(from)d(W)i(p)s(o-)709 |
| | 30134 | 5507 y(larization)29 b(in)j(the)h(hea)m(vy)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(deca)m |
| | 30135 | (y)-8 b(.)236 5615 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(in)36 b(options)h(1)g(and)g(2)g |
| | 30136 | (the)h(cross)g(section)g(is)e(reduced)j(to)e(tak)m(e)h(in)m(to)f |
| | 30137 | (accoun)m(t)h(re-)1817 5953 y(156)p eop |
| | 30138 | %%Page: 157 163 |
| | 30139 | 157 162 bop 709 -18 a Fw(strictions)42 b(on)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(deca)m(y) |
| | 30140 | i(mo)s(des,)h(while)d(no)h(suc)m(h)h(reduction)f(o)s(ccurs)g(for)709 |
| | 30141 | 90 y(option)31 b(0.)43 b(See)34 b(further)f(section)f(8.2.2.)0 |
| | 30142 | 198 y Fq(MSTP\(51\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=9\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f |
| | 30143 | (proton)h(parton-distribution)d(set;)j(see)h(also)e Fq(MSTP\(52\))p |
| | 30144 | Fw(.)236 307 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(EHLQ)33 b(set)g(1)f(\(1986)g |
| | 30145 | (up)s(dated)h(v)m(ersion\).)236 415 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 30146 | b Fw(EHLQ)33 b(set)g(2)f(\(1986)g(up)s(dated)h(v)m(ersion\).)236 |
| | 30147 | 523 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(Duk)m(e{Ow)m(ens)34 b(set)g(1.)236 |
| | 30148 | 632 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(Duk)m(e{Ow)m(ens)34 b(set)g(2.)236 |
| | 30149 | 740 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(CTEQ2M)33 b(\(b)s(est)p |
| | 30150 | 1410 662 144 4 v 34 w(MS)g(\014t\).)236 848 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30151 | b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(CTEQ2MS)34 b(\(singular)d(at)h(small)e |
| | 30152 | Fj(x)p Fw(\).)236 957 y Fq(=)52 b(7)f(:)217 b Fw(CTEQ2MF)33 |
| | 30153 | b(\(\015at)g(at)f(small)e Fj(x)p Fw(\).)236 1065 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30154 | b(8)f(:)217 b Fw(CTEQ2ML)33 b(\(large)f(\003\).)236 1173 |
| | 30155 | y Fq(=)52 b(9)f(:)217 b Fw(CTEQ2L)33 b(\(b)s(est)g(leading)e(order)i |
| | 30156 | (\014t\).)236 1282 y Fq(=)52 b(10)g(:)165 b Fw(CTEQ2D)33 |
| | 30157 | b(\(b)s(est)g(DIS)f(\014t\).)236 1390 y Fq(=)52 b(11)g(:)165 |
| | 30158 | b Fw(GR)-11 b(V)32 b(LO)g(\(1992)g(up)s(dated)h(v)m(ersion\).)236 |
| | 30159 | 1498 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(since)38 b(all)e(parametrizations)f(ha)m(v)m |
| | 30160 | (e)k(some)f(region)f(of)g(applicabilit)m(y)-8 b(,)36 |
| | 30161 | b(the)i(parton)709 1607 y(distributions)46 b(are)h(assumed)i(frozen)e |
| | 30162 | (b)s(elo)m(w)h(the)g(lo)m(w)m(est)g Fj(Q)3042 1571 y |
| | 30163 | Fl(2)3129 1607 y Fw(co)m(v)m(ered)i(b)m(y)e(the)709 1715 |
| | 30164 | y(parametrizations;)43 b(the)f(CTEQ2)g(ones)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f |
| | 30165 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)e(to)h(extend)i(do)m(wn)709 1823 y(to)f |
| | 30166 | Fj(Q)915 1838 y Fl(min)1083 1823 y Fw(=)j(1)e(GeV.)g(F)-8 |
| | 30167 | b(or)42 b(the)h(former)f(four,)k(ev)m(olution)c(is)g(also)g(frozed)i |
| | 30168 | (ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)709 1932 y(the)c(maxim)m(um)e Fj(Q)1424 |
| | 30169 | 1896 y Fl(2)1464 1932 y Fw(.)65 b(The)41 b(extrap)s(olation)d(of)i |
| | 30170 | (EHLQ)g(to)g(lo)m(w)g Fj(x)g Fw(is)g(co)m(v)m(ered)i(b)m(y)709 |
| | 30171 | 2040 y Fq(PARP\(51\))p Fw(.)0 2148 y Fq(MSTP\(52\))53 |
| | 30172 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f(proton)h |
| | 30173 | (parton-distribution-function)c(library)-8 b(.)236 2257 |
| | 30174 | y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)50 b(in)m(ternal)e Fm(Pythia)i |
| | 30175 | Fw(one,)k(with)49 b(parton)h(distributions)e(according)h(to)g(the)709 |
| | 30176 | 2365 y Fq(MSTP\(51\))34 b Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)236 2473 |
| | 30177 | y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(the)36 b Fm(Pdflib)g Fw(one)g([Plo93)o(],)g |
| | 30178 | (with)g(the)g Fm(Pdflib)g Fw(\(v)m(ersion)g(4\))f Fq(NGROUP)j |
| | 30179 | Fw(and)d Fq(NSET)709 2582 y Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)e(to)f(b)s(e)h(giv)m |
| | 30180 | (en)g(as)g Fq(MSTP\(51\))53 b(=)f(1000)p Fn(\002)p Fq(NGROUP)i(+)d |
| | 30181 | (NSET)p Fw(.)236 2690 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(to)30 b(mak)m(e)i(use)g(of)e |
| | 30182 | (option)g(2,)h(it)f(is)h(necessary)i(to)e(link)f Fm(Pdflib)p |
| | 30183 | Fw(.)43 b(Additionally)-8 b(,)29 b(on)709 2798 y(most)39 |
| | 30184 | b(computers,)k(the)d(t)m(w)m(o)h(dumm)m(y)f(routines)g |
| | 30185 | Fq(PDFSET)i Fw(and)e Fq(STRUCTM)i Fw(at)e(the)709 2907 |
| | 30186 | y(end)33 b(of)f(the)h Fm(Pythia)g Fw(\014le)f(should)g(b)s(e)h(remo)m |
| | 30187 | (v)m(ed)h(or)e(commen)m(ted)g(out.)236 3015 y Fo(W)-9 |
| | 30188 | b(arning:)47 b Fw(F)-8 b(or)61 b(external)i(parton)f(distribution)e |
| | 30189 | (libraries,)68 b Fm(Pythia)62 b Fw(do)s(es)h(not)f(c)m(hec)m(k)709 |
| | 30190 | 3123 y(whether)31 b Fq(MSTP\(51\))h Fw(corresp)s(onds)f(to)e(a)h(v)-5 |
| | 30191 | b(alid)28 b(co)s(de,)i(or)g(if)e(sp)s(ecial)h Fj(x)h |
| | 30192 | Fw(and)g Fj(Q)3596 3087 y Fl(2)3666 3123 y Fw(re-)709 |
| | 30193 | 3232 y(strictions)h(exist)h(for)f(a)g(giv)m(en)h(set,)h(suc)m(h)g(that) |
| | 30194 | e(crazy)i(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(could)g(b)s(e)h(returned.)709 |
| | 30195 | 3340 y(This)g(puts)i(an)e(extra)h(resp)s(onsibilit)m(y)e(on)i(y)m(ou.)0 |
| | 30196 | 3448 y Fq(MSTP\(53\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f(pion) |
| | 30197 | g(parton-distribution)e(set;)k(see)f(also)f Fq(MSTP\(54\))p |
| | 30198 | Fw(.)236 3557 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(Ow)m(ens)34 |
| | 30199 | b(set)f(1.)236 3665 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(Ow)m(ens)34 |
| | 30200 | b(set)f(2.)236 3774 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(GR)-11 |
| | 30201 | b(V)32 b(LO)g(\(up)s(dated)h(v)m(ersion\).)0 3882 y Fq(MSTP\(54\))53 |
| | 30202 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f(pion)g |
| | 30203 | (parton-distribution-function)d(library)-8 b(.)236 3990 |
| | 30204 | y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)50 b(in)m(ternal)e Fm(Pythia)i |
| | 30205 | Fw(one,)k(with)49 b(parton)h(distributions)e(according)h(to)g(the)709 |
| | 30206 | 4099 y Fq(MSTP\(53\))34 b Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)236 4207 |
| | 30207 | y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(the)36 b Fm(Pdflib)g Fw(one)g([Plo93)o(],)g |
| | 30208 | (with)g(the)g Fm(Pdflib)g Fw(\(v)m(ersion)g(4\))f Fq(NGROUP)j |
| | 30209 | Fw(and)d Fq(NSET)709 4315 y Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)e(to)f(b)s(e)h(giv)m |
| | 30210 | (en)g(as)g Fq(MSTP\(53\))53 b(=)f(1000)p Fn(\002)p Fq(NGROUP)i(+)d |
| | 30211 | (NSET)p Fw(.)236 4424 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(to)30 b(mak)m(e)i(use)g(of)e |
| | 30212 | (option)g(2,)h(it)f(is)h(necessary)i(to)e(link)f Fm(Pdflib)p |
| | 30213 | Fw(.)43 b(Additionally)-8 b(,)29 b(on)709 4532 y(most)39 |
| | 30214 | b(computers,)k(the)d(t)m(w)m(o)h(dumm)m(y)f(routines)g |
| | 30215 | Fq(PDFSET)i Fw(and)e Fq(STRUCTM)i Fw(at)e(the)709 4640 |
| | 30216 | y(end)33 b(of)f(the)h Fm(Pythia)g Fw(\014le)f(should)g(b)s(e)h(remo)m |
| | 30217 | (v)m(ed)h(or)e(commen)m(ted)g(out.)236 4749 y Fo(W)-9 |
| | 30218 | b(arning:)47 b Fw(F)-8 b(or)61 b(external)i(parton)f(distribution)e |
| | 30219 | (libraries,)68 b Fm(Pythia)62 b Fw(do)s(es)h(not)f(c)m(hec)m(k)709 |
| | 30220 | 4857 y(whether)31 b Fq(MSTP\(53\))h Fw(corresp)s(onds)f(to)e(a)h(v)-5 |
| | 30221 | b(alid)28 b(co)s(de,)i(or)g(if)e(sp)s(ecial)h Fj(x)h |
| | 30222 | Fw(and)g Fj(Q)3596 4821 y Fl(2)3666 4857 y Fw(re-)709 |
| | 30223 | 4965 y(strictions)h(exist)h(for)f(a)g(giv)m(en)h(set,)h(suc)m(h)g(that) |
| | 30224 | e(crazy)i(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(could)g(b)s(e)h(returned.)709 |
| | 30225 | 5074 y(This)g(puts)i(an)e(extra)h(resp)s(onsibilit)m(y)e(on)i(y)m(ou.)0 |
| | 30226 | 5182 y Fq(MSTP\(55\))64 b Fw(:)109 b(\(D=5\))63 b(c)m(hoice)j(of)e(the) |
| | 30227 | h(parton-distribution)e(set)i(of)g(the)g(photon;)81 b(see)66 |
| | 30228 | b(also)472 5290 y Fq(MSTP\(56\))p Fw(.)236 5399 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30229 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(Drees{Grassie.)236 5507 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 |
| | 30230 | b Fw(SaS)32 b(1D)g(\(in)g(DIS)g(sc)m(heme,)i(with)e Fj(Q)2062 |
| | 30231 | 5522 y Fl(0)2130 5507 y Fw(=)27 b(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(6)32 |
| | 30232 | b(GeV\).)236 5625 y Fq(=)52 b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(SaS)32 b(1M)h(\(in)p |
| | 30233 | 1221 5547 V 32 w(MS)g(sc)m(heme,)h(with)e Fj(Q)2057 5640 |
| | 30234 | y Fl(0)2124 5625 y Fw(=)c(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(6)k(GeV\).)1817 |
| | 30235 | 5953 y(157)p eop |
| | 30236 | %%Page: 158 164 |
| | 30237 | 158 163 bop 236 -18 a Fq(=)52 b(7)f(:)217 b Fw(SaS)32 |
| | 30238 | b(2D)g(\(in)g(DIS)g(sc)m(heme,)i(with)e Fj(Q)2062 -3 |
| | 30239 | y Fl(0)2130 -18 y Fw(=)27 b(2)33 b(GeV\).)236 99 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30240 | b(8)f(:)217 b Fw(SaS)32 b(2M)h(\(in)p 1221 21 144 4 v |
| | 30241 | 32 w(MS)g(sc)m(heme,)h(with)e Fj(Q)2057 114 y Fl(0)2124 |
| | 30242 | 99 y Fw(=)c(2)k(GeV\).)236 208 y Fq(=)52 b(9)f(:)217 |
| | 30243 | b Fw(SaS)32 b(1D)g(\(in)g(DIS)g(sc)m(heme,)i(with)e Fj(Q)2062 |
| | 30244 | 223 y Fl(0)2130 208 y Fw(=)27 b(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(6)32 b(GeV\).)236 |
| | 30245 | 326 y Fq(=)52 b(10)g(:)165 b Fw(SaS)32 b(1M)h(\(in)p |
| | 30246 | 1221 248 V 32 w(MS)g(sc)m(heme,)h(with)e Fj(Q)2057 341 |
| | 30247 | y Fl(0)2124 326 y Fw(=)c(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(6)k(GeV\).)236 |
| | 30248 | 434 y Fq(=)52 b(11)g(:)165 b Fw(SaS)32 b(2D)g(\(in)g(DIS)g(sc)m(heme,)i |
| | 30249 | (with)e Fj(Q)2062 449 y Fl(0)2130 434 y Fw(=)27 b(2)33 |
| | 30250 | b(GeV\).)236 552 y Fq(=)52 b(12)g(:)165 b Fw(SaS)32 b(2M)h(\(in)p |
| | 30251 | 1221 474 V 32 w(MS)g(sc)m(heme,)h(with)e Fj(Q)2057 567 |
| | 30252 | y Fl(0)2124 552 y Fw(=)c(2)k(GeV\).)236 660 y Fo(Note)37 |
| | 30253 | b(1:)110 b Fw(sets)38 b(5{8)f(use)h(the)g(parton)f(distributions)f(of)h |
| | 30254 | (the)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)h(set,)g(and)e(nothing)709 769 |
| | 30255 | y(else.)45 b(These)35 b(are)f(appropriate)e(for)h(most)f(applications,) |
| | 30256 | g(e.g.)45 b(jet)34 b(pro)s(duction)e(in)709 877 y Fj(\015)5 |
| | 30257 | b Fw(p)26 b(and)g Fj(\015)5 b(\015)32 b Fw(collisions.)39 |
| | 30258 | b(Sets)27 b(9{12)e(instead)h(are)h(appropriate)e(for)h |
| | 30259 | Fj(\015)3242 841 y Fk(\003)3281 877 y Fj(\015)31 b Fw(pro)s(cesses,)709 |
| | 30260 | 985 y(i.e.)63 b(DIS)39 b(scattering)g(on)g(a)g(photon,)j(as)d(measured) |
| | 30261 | h(in)f Fj(F)2919 938 y Fh(\015)2905 1007 y Fl(2)2963 |
| | 30262 | 985 y Fw(.)63 b(Here)40 b(the)g(anoma-)709 1094 y(lous)g(con)m |
| | 30263 | (tribution)g(for)h(c)g(and)g(b)g(quarks)i(are)e(handled)g(b)m(y)h(the)f |
| | 30264 | (Bethe-Heitler)709 1202 y(form)m(ulae,)34 b(and)h(the)g(direct)g(term)f |
| | 30265 | (is)h(arti\014cially)c(lump)s(ed)j(with)h(the)g(anomalous)709 |
| | 30266 | 1310 y(one,)h(so)g(that)f(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(sim)m(ulation)32 |
| | 30267 | b(more)j(closely)g(agrees)h(with)f(what)g(will)e(b)s(e)709 |
| | 30268 | 1419 y(exp)s(erimen)m(tally)e(observ)m(ed)k(in)d(these)j(pro)s(cesses.) |
| | 30269 | 46 b(The)34 b(agreemen)m(t)f(with)g(the)g Fj(F)3735 1371 |
| | 30270 | y Fh(\015)3721 1440 y Fl(2)709 1527 y Fw(parametrization)20 |
| | 30271 | b(is)j(still)e(not)i(p)s(erfect,)i(e.g.)41 b(in)22 b(the)i(treatmen)m |
| | 30272 | (t)f(of)f(hea)m(vy)j(\015a)m(v)m(ours)709 1635 y(close)32 |
| | 30273 | b(to)g(threshold.)236 1744 y Fo(Note)37 b(2:)110 b Fw(Sets)44 |
| | 30274 | b(5{12)e(con)m(tain)g(b)s(oth)h(VMD)g(pieces)h(and)f(anomalous)f |
| | 30275 | (pieces,)k(separately)709 1852 y(parametrized.)93 b(Therefore)50 |
| | 30276 | b(the)g(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)h(piece)f(is)f(automatically)d(called,)709 |
| | 30277 | 1960 y(whatev)m(er)h Fq(MSTP\(14\))g Fw(v)-5 b(alue)45 |
| | 30278 | b(is)g(used)h(to)f(select)h(only)f(a)g(part)g(of)f(the)i(allo)m(w)m(ed) |
| | 30279 | 709 2069 y(photon)29 b(in)m(teractions.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)28 |
| | 30280 | b(other)i(sets)h(\(set)f(1)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(or)f Fm(Pdflib)h |
| | 30281 | Fw(sets\),)h(usually)709 2177 y(there)k(is)g(no)g(corresp)s(onding)g |
| | 30282 | (sub)s(division.)50 b(Then)36 b(an)f(option)f(lik)m(e)h |
| | 30283 | Fq(MSTP\(14\)=2)709 2285 y Fw(\(VMD)e(part)g(of)g(photon)h(only\))e(is) |
| | 30284 | h(based)i(on)e(a)g(rescaling)f(of)h(the)h(pion)f(distribu-)709 |
| | 30285 | 2394 y(tions,)f(while)f Fq(MSTP\(14\)=3)36 b Fw(giv)m(es)d(the)g(SaS)f |
| | 30286 | (anomalous)f(parametrization.)236 2502 y Fo(Note)37 b(3:)110 |
| | 30287 | b Fw(F)-8 b(ormally)29 b(sp)s(eaking,)j(the)h Fj(k)1766 |
| | 30288 | 2517 y Fl(0)1837 2502 y Fw(\(or)f Fj(p)2043 2517 y Fl(0)2082 |
| | 30289 | 2502 y Fw(\))g(cut-o\013)g(in)f Fq(PARP\(15\))k Fw(need)e(not)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 30290 | (set)h(in)709 2610 y(an)m(y)25 b(relation)d(to)j(the)g |
| | 30291 | Fj(Q)1583 2625 y Fl(0)1647 2610 y Fw(cut-o\013)f(scales)h(used)g(b)m(y) |
| | 30292 | h(the)f(v)-5 b(arious)24 b(parametrizations.)709 2719 |
| | 30293 | y(Indeed,)37 b(due)f(to)g(the)f(familiar)d(scale)j(c)m(hoice)h(am)m |
| | 30294 | (biguit)m(y)e(problem,)h(there)h(could)709 2827 y(w)m(ell)k(b)s(e)h |
| | 30295 | (some)g(o\013set)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)e(t)m(w)m(o.)70 |
| | 30296 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)45 b(unless)d(y)m(ou)g(kno)m(w)g(what)709 |
| | 30297 | 2935 y(y)m(ou)29 b(are)f(doing,)g(it)f(is)h(strongly)g(recommended)g |
| | 30298 | (that)g(y)m(ou)h(let)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(agree,)g(i.e.)709 |
| | 30299 | 3044 y(set)k Fq(PARP\(15\)=0.6)j Fw(for)c(the)h(SaS)f(1)h(sets)g(and)g |
| | 30300 | Fq(=2.)44 b Fw(for)32 b(the)h(SaS)g(2)f(sets.)0 3152 |
| | 30301 | y Fq(MSTP\(56\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f(photon)h |
| | 30302 | (parton-distribution-function)c(library)-8 b(.)236 3260 |
| | 30303 | y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)50 b(in)m(ternal)e Fm(Pythia)i |
| | 30304 | Fw(one,)k(with)49 b(parton)h(distributions)e(according)h(to)g(the)709 |
| | 30305 | 3369 y Fq(MSTP\(55\))34 b Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)236 3477 |
| | 30306 | y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(the)36 b Fm(Pdflib)g Fw(one)g([Plo93)o(],)g |
| | 30307 | (with)g(the)g Fm(Pdflib)g Fw(\(v)m(ersion)g(4\))f Fq(NGROUP)j |
| | 30308 | Fw(and)d Fq(NSET)709 3585 y Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)41 b(to)g(b)s(e)g(giv)m |
| | 30309 | (en)g(as)g Fq(MSTP\(55\))54 b(=)d(1000)p Fn(\002)p Fq(NGROUP)k(+)c |
| | 30310 | (NSET)p Fw(.)42 b(When)g(the)709 3694 y(VMD)27 b(and)g(anomalous)f |
| | 30311 | (parts)i(of)e(the)i(photon)g(are)f(split,)g(lik)m(e)g(for)g |
| | 30312 | Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(,)709 3802 y(it)i(is)g(necessary)j(to)e(sp)s |
| | 30313 | (ecify)g(pion)f(set)i(to)f(b)s(e)g(used)h(for)e(the)i(VMD)f(comp)s |
| | 30314 | (onen)m(t,)g(in)709 3911 y Fq(MSTP\(53\))k Fw(and)f Fq(MSTP\(54\))p |
| | 30315 | Fw(,)i(while)c Fq(MSTP\(55\))k Fw(here)e(is)g(irrelev)-5 |
| | 30316 | b(an)m(t.)236 4019 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(when)42 |
| | 30317 | b(the)g(parton)e(distributions)g(of)h(the)g(anomalous)f(photon)h(are)g |
| | 30318 | (requested,)709 4127 y(the)51 b(homogeneous)g(solution)e(is)i(pro)m |
| | 30319 | (vided,)56 b(ev)m(olv)m(ed)c(from)d(a)i(starting)f(v)-5 |
| | 30320 | b(alue)709 4236 y Fq(PARP\(15\))41 b Fw(to)f(the)g(requested)i |
| | 30321 | Fj(Q)e Fw(scale.)64 b(The)41 b(homogeneous)f(solution)e(is)h(nor-)709 |
| | 30322 | 4344 y(malized)c(so)j(that)f(the)h(net)f(momen)m(tum)f(is)h(unit)m(y)-8 |
| | 30323 | b(,)39 b(i.e.)57 b(an)m(y)38 b(factors)g(of)f Fj(\013)3529 |
| | 30324 | 4359 y Fl(em)3623 4344 y Fj(=)p Fw(2)p Fj(\031)709 4452 |
| | 30325 | y Fw(and)f(c)m(harge)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)f(left)f(out.)55 |
| | 30326 | b(The)38 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(of)e(the)h(original)c(q)k(is)f(giv)m(en)h |
| | 30327 | (in)709 4561 y Fq(MSTP\(55\))e Fw(\(1,)d(2,)h(3,)g(4)g(or)f(5)h(for)f |
| | 30328 | (d,)h(u,)h(s,)f(c)g(or)g(b\);)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)33 |
| | 30329 | b(0)f(giv)m(es)i(a)e(mixture)709 4669 y(according)39 |
| | 30330 | b(to)g(squared)h(c)m(harge,)i(with)d(the)h(exception)g(that)g(c)f(and)h |
| | 30331 | (b)g(are)f(only)709 4777 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)29 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(the)g |
| | 30332 | (resp)s(ectiv)m(e)h(mass)e(threshold)g(\()p Fj(Q)e(>)g(m)2939 |
| | 30333 | 4792 y Fl(q)2981 4777 y Fw(\).)42 b(The)31 b(four-\015a)m(v)m(our)709 |
| | 30334 | 4886 y(\003)e(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(is)f(assumed)i(giv)m(en)f(in)g |
| | 30335 | Fq(PARP\(1\))p Fw(;)i(it)d(is)h(automatically)d(recalculated)i(for)709 |
| | 30336 | 4994 y(3)38 b(or)g(5)h(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g(at)g(thresholds.)62 |
| | 30337 | b(This)39 b(option)e(is)h(not)h(in)m(tended)g(for)f(standard)709 |
| | 30338 | 5102 y(ev)m(en)m(t)c(generation,)e(but)h(is)f(useful)h(for)f(some)g |
| | 30339 | (theoretical)f(studies.)236 5211 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(to)30 |
| | 30340 | b(mak)m(e)i(use)g(of)e(option)g(2,)h(it)f(is)h(necessary)i(to)e(link)f |
| | 30341 | Fm(Pdflib)p Fw(.)43 b(Additionally)-8 b(,)29 b(on)709 |
| | 30342 | 5319 y(most)39 b(computers,)k(the)d(t)m(w)m(o)h(dumm)m(y)f(routines)g |
| | 30343 | Fq(PDFSET)i Fw(and)e Fq(STRUCTM)i Fw(at)e(the)709 5427 |
| | 30344 | y(end)33 b(of)f(the)h Fm(Pythia)g Fw(\014le)f(should)g(b)s(e)h(remo)m |
| | 30345 | (v)m(ed)h(or)e(commen)m(ted)g(out.)236 5536 y Fo(W)-9 |
| | 30346 | b(arning:)47 b Fw(F)-8 b(or)66 b(external)g(parton-distribution)e |
| | 30347 | (libraries,)73 b Fm(Pythia)66 b Fw(do)s(es)h(not)f(c)m(hec)m(k)709 |
| | 30348 | 5644 y(whether)31 b Fq(MSTP\(55\))h Fw(corresp)s(onds)f(to)e(a)h(v)-5 |
| | 30349 | b(alid)28 b(co)s(de,)i(or)g(if)e(sp)s(ecial)h Fj(x)h |
| | 30350 | Fw(and)g Fj(Q)3596 5608 y Fl(2)3666 5644 y Fw(re-)1817 |
| | 30351 | 5953 y(158)p eop |
| | 30352 | %%Page: 159 165 |
| | 30353 | 159 164 bop 709 -18 a Fw(strictions)31 b(exist)h(for)f(a)g(giv)m(en)h |
| | 30354 | (set,)h(suc)m(h)g(that)e(crazy)i(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(could)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 30355 | (returned.)709 90 y(This)g(puts)i(an)e(extra)h(resp)s(onsibilit)m(y)e |
| | 30356 | (on)i(y)m(ou.)0 198 y Fq(MSTP\(57\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 |
| | 30357 | b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f Fj(Q)1345 162 y Fl(2)1418 198 y Fw(dep)s(endence)j |
| | 30358 | (in)c(parton-distribution)f(functions.)236 307 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30359 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(parton)30 b(distributions)f(are)i(ev)-5 |
| | 30360 | b(aluated)30 b(at)g(nominal)e(lo)m(w)m(er)j(cut-o\013)f(v)-5 |
| | 30361 | b(alue)30 b Fj(Q)3557 270 y Fl(2)3557 331 y(0)3597 307 |
| | 30362 | y Fw(,)h(i.e.)709 415 y(are)h(made)g Fj(Q)1208 379 y |
| | 30363 | Fl(2)1248 415 y Fw(-indep)s(enden)m(t.)236 523 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30364 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)33 b(parametrized)e Fj(Q)1544 487 |
| | 30365 | y Fl(2)1617 523 y Fw(dep)s(endence)k(is)d(used.)236 632 |
| | 30366 | y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(the)37 b(parametrized)e(parton-distribution) |
| | 30367 | f(b)s(eha)m(viour)i(is)g(k)m(ept)i(at)e(large)f Fj(Q)3546 |
| | 30368 | 595 y Fl(2)3622 632 y Fw(and)709 740 y Fj(x)p Fw(,)28 |
| | 30369 | b(but)f(mo)s(di\014ed)e(at)h(small)f Fj(Q)1824 704 y |
| | 30370 | Fl(2)1890 740 y Fw(and/or)h Fj(x)p Fw(,)i(so)f(that)f(parton)h |
| | 30371 | (distributions)e(v)-5 b(anish)709 848 y(in)39 b(the)i(limit)c |
| | 30372 | Fj(Q)1324 812 y Fl(2)1404 848 y Fn(!)k Fw(0)f(and)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)e |
| | 30373 | (theoretically)e(motiv)-5 b(ated)39 b(small-)p Fj(x)f |
| | 30374 | Fw(shap)s(e)709 957 y([Sc)m(h93a].)44 b(This)32 b(option)g(is)g(only)g |
| | 30375 | (v)-5 b(alid)31 b(for)h(the)h(p)g(and)f(n.)236 1065 y |
| | 30376 | Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(as)30 b Fq(=2)p Fw(,)i(except)g(that)f(also)e |
| | 30377 | (the)i Fj(\031)1919 1029 y Fk(\006)2009 1065 y Fw(is)f(mo)s(di\014ed)f |
| | 30378 | (in)h(a)g(corresp)s(onding)h(manner.)42 b(A)709 1173 |
| | 30379 | y(VMD)28 b(photon)h(is)f(not)h(mapp)s(ed)f(to)g(a)h(pion,)g(but)g(is)f |
| | 30380 | (treated)h(with)f(the)h(same)g(pho-)709 1282 y(ton)g(parton)g |
| | 30381 | (distributions)g(as)g(for)g(other)h Fq(MSTP\(57\))i Fw(v)-5 |
| | 30382 | b(alues,)30 b(but)g(with)f(prop)s(erly)709 1390 y(mo)s(di\014ed)i(b)s |
| | 30383 | (eha)m(viour)i(for)f(small)e Fj(x)j Fw(or)f Fj(Q)p Fw(2.)0 |
| | 30384 | 1498 y Fq(MSTP\(58\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=min\(6,)26 b(2)p |
| | 30385 | Fn(\002)p Fq(MSTP\(1\))p Fw(\)\))j(maxim)m(um)c(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)g |
| | 30386 | (quark)h(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g(used)g(in)f(parton)472 1607 |
| | 30387 | y(distributions,)32 b(and)i(th)m(us)g(also)e(for)g(initial-state)e |
| | 30388 | (space-lik)m(e)j(sho)m(w)m(ers.)47 b(If)33 b(some)g(distri-)472 |
| | 30389 | 1715 y(butions)41 b(\(notably)f(t\))h(are)g(absen)m(t)h(in)e(the)h |
| | 30390 | (parametrization)d(selected)k(in)e Fq(MSTP\(51\))p Fw(,)472 |
| | 30391 | 1823 y(these)34 b(are)f(ob)m(viously)f(automatically)d(excluded.)0 |
| | 30392 | 1932 y Fq(MSTP\(59\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f |
| | 30393 | (electron-inside-electron)f(parton)i(distribution.)236 |
| | 30394 | 2040 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)24 b(recommended)h(standard)f(for)g |
| | 30395 | (LEP)h(1,)g(next-to-leading)e(exp)s(onen)m(tiated,)j(see)709 |
| | 30396 | 2148 y([Kle89)o(],)32 b(p.)44 b(34.)236 2257 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30397 | b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(the)33 b(recommended)g(`)p Fj(\014)6 |
| | 30398 | b Fw(')33 b(sc)m(heme)h(for)e(LEP)i(2,)e(also)g(next-to-leading)f(exp)s |
| | 30399 | (onen)m(ti-)709 2365 y(ated,)i(see)g([Bee96)q(],)f(p.)44 |
| | 30400 | b(130.)0 2473 y Fq(MSTP\(61\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 |
| | 30401 | b(\(C\))i(master)g(switc)m(h)g(for)f(initial-state)d(QCD)j(and)h(QED)f |
| | 30402 | (radiation.)236 2582 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(o\013.)236 |
| | 30403 | 2690 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(on.)0 2798 y Fq(MSTP\(62\))53 |
| | 30404 | b(-)f(MSTP\(68\))h(:)48 b Fw(\(C\))29 b(further)f(switc)m(hes)i(for)e |
| | 30405 | (initial-state)d(radiation,)i(see)i(section)g(10.4.)0 |
| | 30406 | 2907 y Fq(MSTP\(71\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(\(C\))i(master)g |
| | 30407 | (switc)m(h)g(for)f(\014nal-state)g(QCD)g(and)h(QED)f(radiation.)236 |
| | 30408 | 3015 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(o\013.)236 3123 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30409 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(on.)236 3232 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(additional)21 |
| | 30410 | b(switc)m(hes)27 b(\(e.g.)41 b(for)24 b(con)m(v)m(en)m(tional/coheren)m |
| | 30411 | (t)i(sho)m(w)m(ers\))g(are)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)709 3340 |
| | 30412 | y(in)31 b Fq(MSTJ\(40\))54 b(-)d(MSTJ\(50\))35 b Fw(and)e |
| | 30413 | Fq(PARJ\(81\))53 b(-)f(PARJ\(89\))p Fw(,)34 b(see)g(section)f(10.4.)0 |
| | 30414 | 3448 y Fq(MSTP\(81\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(master)i(switc)m(h)g |
| | 30415 | (for)f(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(teractions.)236 3557 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30416 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(o\013.)236 3665 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 30417 | b Fw(on.)0 3774 y Fq(MSTP\(82\))53 b(-)f(MSTP\(83\))h(:)48 |
| | 30418 | b Fw(further)33 b(switc)m(hes)h(for)e(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(teractions,)i |
| | 30419 | (see)i(section)e(11.4.)0 3882 y Fq(MSTP\(85\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 30420 | b Fw(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)32 b(to)h(damp)s(en)h(hard)g(scattering)f |
| | 30421 | (matrix)f(elemen)m(ts)j(in)e(the)h(limit)c Fj(p)3485 |
| | 30422 | 3897 y Fk(?)3574 3882 y Fn(!)g Fw(0.)472 3990 y(It)37 |
| | 30423 | b(parellels)e(some)i(of)f(the)i(m)m(ultiple)c(in)m(teractions)i |
| | 30424 | (options)g(for)h(QCD)f(pro)s(cesses,)k(but)472 4099 y(can)33 |
| | 30425 | b(b)s(e)g(used)h(for)e(an)m(y)h(2)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(2)32 |
| | 30426 | b(pro)s(cess.)236 4207 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(o\013,)32 |
| | 30427 | b(i.e.)43 b(standard)33 b(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)i(are)f(k)m(ept.)236 |
| | 30428 | 4315 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(on,)29 b(i.e.)42 b(matrix)27 |
| | 30429 | b(elemen)m(ts)i(are)g(m)m(ultiplied)c(b)m(y)30 b(a)f(factor)f |
| | 30430 | Fj(p)2895 4279 y Fl(4)2895 4340 y Fk(?)2954 4315 y Fj(=)p |
| | 30431 | Fw(\()p Fj(p)3090 4279 y Fl(2)3090 4340 y Fk(?)3163 4315 |
| | 30432 | y Fw(+)14 b Fj(p)3302 4279 y Fl(2)3302 4340 y Fk(?)p |
| | 30433 | Fl(0)3396 4315 y Fw(\))3434 4279 y Fl(2)3474 4315 y Fw(,)29 |
| | 30434 | b(where)709 4424 y Fj(p)758 4439 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)878 4424 |
| | 30435 | y Fw(is)c(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)i Fq(PARP\(82\))p Fw(.)43 |
| | 30436 | b(Additionally)23 b Fj(\013)2444 4439 y Fl(s)2502 4424 |
| | 30437 | y Fw(is)i(ev)-5 b(aluated)25 b(at)h(a)f(scale)h Fj(p)3485 |
| | 30438 | 4387 y Fl(2)3485 4448 y Fk(?)3552 4424 y Fw(+)8 b Fj(p)3685 |
| | 30439 | 4387 y Fl(2)3685 4448 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)709 4532 y Fw(rather)32 |
| | 30440 | b(than)h(just)g Fj(p)1471 4496 y Fl(2)1471 4557 y Fk(?)1530 |
| | 30441 | 4532 y Fw(.)0 4640 y Fq(MSTP\(91\))53 b(-)f(MSTP\(94\))h(:)48 |
| | 30442 | b Fw(switc)m(hes)34 b(for)e(b)s(eam)g(remnan)m(t)g(treatmen)m(t,)h(see) |
| | 30443 | h(section)e(11.4.)0 4749 y Fq(MSTP\(101\))54 b(:)47 b |
| | 30444 | Fw(\(D=3\))32 b(\(C\))h(structure)g(of)f(di\013ractiv)m(e)g(system.)236 |
| | 30445 | 4857 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(forw)m(ard)32 b(mo)m(ving)g(diquark)g |
| | 30446 | (+)h(in)m(teracting)e(quark.)236 4965 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 30447 | b Fw(forw)m(ard)35 b(mo)m(ving)g(diquark)h(+)f(quark)i(joined)e(via)g |
| | 30448 | (in)m(teracting)f(gluon)h(\(`hairpin')709 5074 y(con\014guration\).)236 |
| | 30449 | 5182 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(a)41 b(mixture)g(of)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 30450 | (options)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)k(with)c(a)h(fraction)e Fq(PARP\(101\))k |
| | 30451 | Fw(of)d(the)709 5290 y(former)31 b(t)m(yp)s(e.)0 5399 |
| | 30452 | y Fq(MSTP\(102\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1\))24 b(\(C\))h(deca)m(y)h(of)f(a) |
| | 30453 | f Fj(\032)1572 5363 y Fl(0)1637 5399 y Fw(meson)h(pro)s(duced)h(b)m(y)f |
| | 30454 | (`elastic')f(scattering)h(of)g(an)f(incom-)472 5507 y(ing)k |
| | 30455 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)30 b(as)f(in)f Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)28 b |
| | 30456 | Fn(!)f Fj(\032)1285 5471 y Fl(0)1325 5507 y Fw(p,)j(or)e(the)i(same)e |
| | 30457 | (with)h(the)g(hadron)g(di\013ractiv)m(ely)f(excited.)236 |
| | 30458 | 5615 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(the)33 b Fj(\032)927 |
| | 30459 | 5579 y Fl(0)999 5615 y Fw(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(deca)m(y)i |
| | 30460 | (isotropically)-8 b(,)30 b(lik)m(e)h(an)m(y)j(other)e |
| | 30461 | Fj(\032)3071 5579 y Fl(0)3111 5615 y Fw(.)1817 5953 y(159)p |
| | 30462 | eop |
| | 30463 | %%Page: 160 166 |
| | 30464 | 160 165 bop 236 -18 a Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)34 |
| | 30465 | b(deca)m(y)h Fj(\032)1200 -55 y Fl(0)1270 -18 y Fn(!)30 |
| | 30466 | b Fj(\031)1459 -55 y Fl(+)1518 -18 y Fj(\031)1577 -55 |
| | 30467 | y Fk(\000)1670 -18 y Fw(is)j(done)i(with)e(an)h(angular)f(distribution) |
| | 30468 | f(prop)s(ortional)709 90 y(to)37 b(sin)953 50 y Fl(2)1009 |
| | 30469 | 90 y Fj(\022)k Fw(in)c(its)h(rest)h(frame,)f(where)h(the)g |
| | 30470 | Fj(z)j Fw(axis)c(is)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(direction)f(of)709 |
| | 30471 | 198 y(motion)29 b(of)i(the)h Fj(\032)1365 162 y Fl(0)1404 |
| | 30472 | 198 y Fw(.)43 b(The)33 b Fj(\032)1724 162 y Fl(0)1795 |
| | 30473 | 198 y Fw(deca)m(y)f(is)f(then)h(done)g(as)f(part)g(of)g(the)h(hard)f |
| | 30474 | (pro)s(cess,)709 307 y(i.e.)43 b(also)31 b(when)j Fq(MSTP\(111\)=0)p |
| | 30475 | Fw(.)0 415 y Fq(MSTP\(111\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1\))33 |
| | 30476 | b(\(C\))h(master)f(switc)m(h)h(for)f(fragmen)m(tation)f(and)i(deca)m(y) |
| | 30477 | -8 b(,)35 b(as)f(obtained)f(with)g(a)472 523 y Fq(LUEXEC)i |
| | 30478 | Fw(call.)236 632 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(o\013.)236 |
| | 30479 | 740 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(on.)236 848 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30480 | b(-1)g(:)165 b Fw(only)31 b(c)m(ho)s(ose)h(kinematical)d(v)-5 |
| | 30481 | b(ariables)30 b(for)g(hard)i(scattering,)f(i.e.)43 b(no)31 |
| | 30482 | b(jets)h(are)f(de-)709 957 y(\014ned.)52 b(This)36 b(is)f(useful,)h |
| | 30483 | (for)f(instance,)h(to)f(calculate)f(cross)i(sections)g(\(b)m(y)h(Mon)m |
| | 30484 | (te)709 1065 y(Carlo)g(in)m(tegration\))f(without)h(w)m(an)m(ting)h(to) |
| | 30485 | g(sim)m(ulate)e(ev)m(en)m(ts;)43 b(information)35 b(ob-)709 |
| | 30486 | 1173 y(tained)d(with)g Fq(PYSTAT\(1\))j Fw(will)30 b(b)s(e)j(correct.)0 |
| | 30487 | 1282 y Fq(MSTP\(112\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1\))25 b(\(C\))i(cuts)g(on)f |
| | 30488 | (partonic)g(ev)m(en)m(ts;)31 b(only)25 b(a\013ects)i(an)f(exceedingly)h |
| | 30489 | (tin)m(y)g(fraction)472 1390 y(of)33 b(ev)m(en)m(ts.)236 |
| | 30490 | 1498 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)40 b(cuts)g(\(can)h(b)s(e)f(used)h |
| | 30491 | (only)e(with)h(indep)s(enden)m(t)h(fragmen)m(tation,)f(at)g(least)f(in) |
| | 30492 | 709 1607 y(principle\).)236 1715 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 30493 | b Fw(string)32 b(cuts)h(\(as)g(normally)d(required)j(for)f(fragmen)m |
| | 30494 | (tation\).)0 1823 y Fq(MSTP\(113\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1\))c(\(C\))i |
| | 30495 | (recalculation)d(of)i(energies)h(of)f(partons)g(from)f(their)h(momen)m |
| | 30496 | (ta)f(and)472 1932 y(masses,)29 b(to)d(b)s(e)h(done)f(immediately)e(b)s |
| | 30497 | (efore)i(and)h(after)f(fragmen)m(tation,)g(to)g(partly)g(com-)472 |
| | 30498 | 2040 y(p)s(ensate)34 b(for)e(some)g(n)m(umerical)g(problems)f(app)s |
| | 30499 | (earing)h(at)g(high)g(energies.)236 2148 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 30500 | b Fw(not)32 b(p)s(erformed.)236 2257 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 30501 | b Fw(p)s(erformed.)0 2365 y Fq(MSTP\(121\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 30502 | b Fw(\(D=0\))31 b(calculation)f(of)i(kinematics)f(selection)h(co)s |
| | 30503 | (e\016cien)m(ts)h(and)f(di\013eren)m(tial)f(cross)472 |
| | 30504 | 2473 y(section)i(maxima)d(for)i(included)h(\(b)m(y)g(user)h(or)e |
| | 30505 | (default\))g(subpro)s(cesses.)236 2582 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 30506 | b Fw(not)32 b(kno)m(wn;)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(calculated)f(at)g |
| | 30507 | (initialization.)236 2690 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(not)46 |
| | 30508 | b(kno)m(wn;)55 b(to)46 b(b)s(e)g(calculated)g(at)g(initialization;)i |
| | 30509 | (ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)k(the)47 b(maxim)m(um)709 2798 y(v)-5 |
| | 30510 | b(alue)26 b(then)i(obtained)e(is)g(to)h(b)s(e)g(m)m(ultiplied)d(b)m(y) |
| | 30511 | 29 b Fq(PARP\(121\))g Fw(\(this)e(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(useful)709 |
| | 30512 | 2907 y(if)22 b(a)h(violation)e(factor)i(has)h(b)s(een)g(observ)m(ed)i |
| | 30513 | (in)d(a)g(previous)h(run)g(of)f(the)h(same)g(kind\).)236 |
| | 30514 | 3015 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(kno)m(wn;)33 b(kinematics)e(selection)h |
| | 30515 | (co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)h(stored)f(b)m(y)h(user)g(in)e Fq(COEF\(ISUB,J\)) |
| | 30516 | 709 3123 y Fw(\()p Fq(J)d Fw(=)h(1{20\))e(in)h(common)f(blo)s(c)m(k)i |
| | 30517 | Fq(PYINT2)h Fw(and)e(maxim)m(um)f(of)h(the)h(corresp)s(onding)709 |
| | 30518 | 3232 y(di\013eren)m(tial)40 b(cross)j(section)g(times)e(Jacobians)h(in) |
| | 30519 | g Fq(XSEC\(ISUB,1\))j Fw(in)d(common)709 3340 y(blo)s(c)m(k)i |
| | 30520 | Fq(PYINT5)p Fw(.)80 b(This)45 b(is)e(to)h(b)s(e)h(done)g(for)e(eac)m(h) |
| | 30521 | j(included)e(subpro)s(cess)i(ISUB)709 3448 y(b)s(efore)27 |
| | 30522 | b(initialization,)c(with)k(the)h(sum)g(of)f(all)e Fq(XSEC\(ISUB,1\))30 |
| | 30523 | b Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)29 b(except)g(for)709 3557 y(ISUB)k(=)f(95,)g |
| | 30524 | (stored)i(in)d Fq(XSEC\(0,1\))p Fw(.)0 3665 y Fq(MSTP\(122\))54 |
| | 30525 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1\))60 b(initialization)55 b(and)61 b(di\013eren)m |
| | 30526 | (tial)e(cross)j(section)f(maximization)c(prin)m(t-)472 |
| | 30527 | 3774 y(out.)236 3882 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(none.)236 |
| | 30528 | 3990 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(short)32 b(message.)236 |
| | 30529 | 4099 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(detailed)31 b(message,)i(including)e |
| | 30530 | (full)g(maximization.)0 4207 y Fq(MSTP\(123\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 30531 | b Fw(\(D=2\))32 b(reaction)g(to)g(violation)e(of)i(maxim)m(um)e |
| | 30532 | (di\013eren)m(tial)h(cross)i(section.)236 4315 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30533 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(stop)33 b(generation,)f(prin)m(t)g(message.)236 |
| | 30534 | 4424 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(con)m(tin)m(ue)25 b(generation,)h(prin) |
| | 30535 | m(t)e(message)h(for)g(eac)m(h)g(subsequen)m(tly)j(larger)23 |
| | 30536 | b(violation.)236 4532 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(as)32 |
| | 30537 | b Fq(=1)p Fw(,)i(but)e(also)g(increase)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 30538 | b(of)g(maxim)m(um.)0 4640 y Fq(MSTP\(124\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 30539 | b Fw(\(D=1\))32 b(\(C\))h(frame)e(for)h(presen)m(tation)h(of)f(ev)m(en) |
| | 30540 | m(t.)236 4749 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(as)32 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)i(in)e |
| | 30541 | Fq(PYINIT)p Fw(.)236 4857 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(c.m.)43 |
| | 30542 | b(frame)32 b(of)g(incoming)e(particles.)0 4965 y Fq(MSTP\(125\))54 |
| | 30543 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1\))g(\(C\))h(do)s(cumen)m(tation)f(of)h(partonic)f |
| | 30544 | (pro)s(cess,)53 b(see)c(section)f(5.3.2)f(for)g(de-)472 |
| | 30545 | 5074 y(tails.)236 5182 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(only)32 |
| | 30546 | b(list)f(ultimate)f(string/particle)h(con\014guration.)236 |
| | 30547 | 5290 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(additionally)29 b(list)i(short)i |
| | 30548 | (summary)f(of)g(the)h(hard)g(pro)s(cess.)236 5399 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30549 | b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(list)29 b(complete)i(do)s(cumen)m(tation)f(of)g(in)m |
| | 30550 | (termediate)g(steps)i(of)f(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h(ev)m(o-)709 |
| | 30551 | 5507 y(lution.)0 5615 y Fq(MSTP\(126\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=20\))32 |
| | 30552 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(lines)g(at)g(the)h(b)s(eginning)e(of)h(ev)m |
| | 30553 | (en)m(t)j(record)e(that)f(are)h(reserv)m(ed)1817 5953 |
| | 30554 | y(160)p eop |
| | 30555 | %%Page: 161 167 |
| | 30556 | 161 166 bop 472 -18 a Fw(for)42 b(ev)m(en)m(t-history)h(information;)h |
| | 30557 | (see)f(section)f(5.3.2.)71 b(This)42 b(v)-5 b(alue)42 |
| | 30558 | b(should)g(nev)m(er)h(b)s(e)472 90 y(reduced,)e(but)d(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 30559 | (increased)g(at)f(a)h(later)e(date)i(if)f(more)f(complicated)g(pro)s |
| | 30560 | (cesses)472 198 y(are)d(included.)0 307 y Fq(MSTP\(128\))54 |
| | 30561 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0\))37 b(storing)f(of)h(cop)m(y)i(of)e(resonance)i |
| | 30562 | (deca)m(y)g(pro)s(ducts)f(in)f(the)g(do)s(cumen)m(tation)472 |
| | 30563 | 415 y(section)28 b(of)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record,)g(and)e(mother)f(p) |
| | 30564 | s(oin)m(ter)g(\()p Fq(K\(I,3\))p Fw(\))j(relation)c(of)h(the)h(actual) |
| | 30565 | 472 523 y(resonance)38 b(deca)m(y)g(pro)s(ducts)f(\(stored)g(in)e(the)i |
| | 30566 | (main)e(section)h(of)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record\))f(to)472 |
| | 30567 | 632 y(the)c(do)s(cumen)m(tation)f(cop)m(y)-8 b(.)236 |
| | 30568 | 740 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(pro)s(ducts)30 b(are)g(stored)g(also)f |
| | 30569 | (in)g(the)h(do)s(cumen)m(tation)e(section,)j(and)f(eac)m(h)g(pro)s |
| | 30570 | (duct)709 848 y(stored)i(in)f(the)h(main)d(section)j(p)s(oin)m(ts)f |
| | 30571 | (bac)m(k)i(to)e(the)h(corresp)s(onding)g(en)m(try)g(in)f(the)709 |
| | 30572 | 957 y(do)s(cumen)m(tation)g(section.)236 1065 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30573 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(pro)s(ducts)32 b(are)h(stored)f(also)f(in)h(the)g(do)s |
| | 30574 | (cumen)m(tation)f(section,)i(but)f(the)h(pro)s(ducts)709 |
| | 30575 | 1173 y(stored)g(in)f(the)h(main)e(section)i(p)s(oin)m(t)f(bac)m(k)i(to) |
| | 30576 | e(the)h(deca)m(ying)g(resonance)h(cop)m(y)g(in)709 1282 |
| | 30577 | y(the)f(main)e(section.)236 1390 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 30578 | b Fw(pro)s(ducts)23 b(are)g(not)f(stored)h(in)f(the)h(do)s(cumen)m |
| | 30579 | (tation)e(section;)27 b(the)c(pro)s(ducts)g(stored)709 |
| | 30580 | 1498 y(in)f(the)i(main)e(section)i(p)s(oin)m(t)f(bac)m(k)h(to)g(the)g |
| | 30581 | (deca)m(ying)g(resonance)h(cop)m(y)f(in)f(the)h(main)709 |
| | 30582 | 1607 y(section.)0 1715 y Fq(MSTP\(129\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=10\))e(for)h |
| | 30583 | (the)h(maximization)42 b(of)k(2)51 b Fn(!)g Fw(3)46 b(pro)s(cesses)i |
| | 30584 | (\()p Fq(ISET\(ISUB\)=5)p Fw(\))i(eac)m(h)472 1823 y(phase-space)30 |
| | 30585 | b(p)s(oin)m(t)e(in)f Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)30 b Fj(y)h Fw(and)e |
| | 30586 | Fj(\034)1788 1787 y Fk(0)1840 1823 y Fw(is)f(tested)h |
| | 30587 | Fq(MSTP\(129\))i Fw(times)c(in)h(the)g(other)h(dimen-)472 |
| | 30588 | 1932 y(sions)g(\(at)f(randomly)f(selected)j(p)s(oin)m(ts\))e(to)g |
| | 30589 | (determine)g(the)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(maxim)m(um)c(in)i(the)472 |
| | 30590 | 2040 y(\()p Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)33 b Fj(y)t Fw(,)f Fj(\034)787 |
| | 30591 | 2004 y Fk(0)811 2040 y Fw(\))g(p)s(oin)m(t.)0 2148 y |
| | 30592 | Fq(MSTP\(131\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0\))37 b(master)g(switc)m(h)h(for)f |
| | 30593 | (pile-up)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)41 b(i.e.)57 b(sev)m(eral)38 |
| | 30594 | b(indep)s(enden)m(t)h(hadron{)472 2257 y(hadron)47 b(in)m(teractions)e |
| | 30595 | (generated)i(in)f(the)h(same)f(bunc)m(h{bunc)m(h)i(crossing,)i(with)c |
| | 30596 | (the)472 2365 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)35 b(follo)m(wing)30 b(one)j(after)f(the)h |
| | 30597 | (other)g(in)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record.)236 2473 y |
| | 30598 | Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(o\013,)32 b(i.e.)43 b(only)32 |
| | 30599 | b(one)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)e(generated)i(at)e(a)g(time.)236 |
| | 30600 | 2582 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(on,)31 b(i.e.)43 b(sev)m(eral)33 |
| | 30601 | b(ev)m(en)m(ts)g(are)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(in)g(the)h(same)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j |
| | 30602 | (record.)44 b(Information)709 2690 y(on)32 b(the)h(pro)s(cesses)i |
| | 30603 | (generated)e(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(found)h(in)f Fq(MSTI\(41\))53 |
| | 30604 | b(-)f(MSTI\(50\))p Fw(.)0 2798 y Fq(MSTP\(132\))i(-)d(MSTP\(134\))j(:) |
| | 30605 | 47 b Fw(further)33 b(switc)m(hes)h(for)e(pile-up)g(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(see) |
| | 30606 | e(section)g(11.4.)0 2907 y Fq(MSTP\(141\))54 b(:)47 b |
| | 30607 | Fw(\(D=0\))g(calling)f(of)54 b Fq(PYKCUT)c Fw(in)d(the)h(ev)m(en)m |
| | 30608 | (t-generation)h(c)m(hain,)j(for)47 b(inclusion)g(of)472 |
| | 30609 | 3015 y(user-sp)s(eci\014ed)34 b(cuts.)236 3123 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30610 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(not)32 b(called.)236 3232 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30611 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(called.)0 3340 y Fq(MSTP\(142\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 30612 | b Fw(\(D=0\))54 b(calling)e(of)62 b Fq(PYEVWT)56 b Fw(in)f(the)g(ev)m |
| | 30613 | (en)m(t-generation)h(c)m(hain,)k(either)55 b(to)g(giv)m(e)472 |
| | 30614 | 3448 y(w)m(eigh)m(ted)35 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)g(or)e(to)g(mo)s(dify)f |
| | 30615 | (standard)i(cross)g(sections.)47 b(See)34 b Fq(PYEVWT)h |
| | 30616 | Fw(description)472 3557 y(in)d(section)h(9.1)f(for)g(further)h |
| | 30617 | (details.)236 3665 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(not)32 |
| | 30618 | b(called.)236 3774 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(called;)35 |
| | 30619 | b(the)g(distribution)e(of)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(among)d(subpro)s(cesses)j |
| | 30620 | (and)e(in)f(kinematics)709 3882 y(v)-5 b(ariables)36 |
| | 30621 | b(is)i(mo)s(di\014ed)f(b)m(y)i(the)f(factor)g Fq(WTXS)p |
| | 30622 | Fw(,)h(set)g(b)m(y)g(the)f(user)h(in)e(the)i Fq(PYEVWT)709 |
| | 30623 | 3990 y Fw(call,)i(but)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(come)d(with)h(a)f(comp)s |
| | 30624 | (ensating)f(w)m(eigh)m(t)i Fq(PARI\(10\)=1./WTXS)p Fw(,)709 |
| | 30625 | 4099 y(suc)m(h)34 b(that)e(total)f(cross)j(sections)f(are)f(unc)m |
| | 30626 | (hanged.)236 4207 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(called;)35 |
| | 30627 | b(the)g(cross)h(section)f(itself)e(is)i(mo)s(di\014ed)e(b)m(y)j(the)f |
| | 30628 | (factor)g Fq(WTXS)p Fw(,)h(set)f(b)m(y)h(the)709 4315 |
| | 30629 | y(user)d(in)f(the)h Fq(PYEVWT)h Fw(call.)0 4424 y Fq(MSTP\(151\))54 |
| | 30630 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0\))32 b(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(smeared)h(p)s(osition)e(of)h |
| | 30631 | (primary)f(v)m(ertex)k(of)d(ev)m(en)m(ts.)236 4532 y |
| | 30632 | Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no,)32 b(i.e.)43 b(the)33 b(primary)e(v)m |
| | 30633 | (ertex)k(of)d(eac)m(h)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)d(at)g(the)h(origin.)236 |
| | 30634 | 4640 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(y)m(es,)49 b(with)44 |
| | 30635 | b(Gaussian)f(distributions)g(separately)i(in)f Fj(x)p |
| | 30636 | Fw(,)j Fj(y)t Fw(,)g Fj(z)i Fw(and)44 b Fj(t)p Fw(.)79 |
| | 30637 | b(The)46 b(re-)709 4749 y(sp)s(ectiv)m(e)57 b(widths)g(of)f(the)h |
| | 30638 | (Gaussians)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en)h(in)f |
| | 30639 | Fq(PARP\(151\))d(-)709 4857 y(PARP\(154\))p Fw(.)77 b(Also)42 |
| | 30640 | b(pile-up)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(obtain)d(separate)i(primary)e(v)m(ertices.) |
| | 30641 | 76 b(No)709 4965 y(pro)m(visions)30 b(are)g(made)g(for)g(more)f |
| | 30642 | (complicated)g(b)s(eam-sp)s(ot)g(shap)s(es,)j(e.g.)43 |
| | 30643 | b(with)30 b(a)709 5074 y(spread)37 b(in)f Fj(z)41 b Fw(that)c(v)-5 |
| | 30644 | b(aries)36 b(as)h(a)f(function)g(of)g Fj(t)p Fw(.)56 |
| | 30645 | b(Note)36 b(that)h(a)f(large)g(b)s(eam)f(sp)s(ot)709 |
| | 30646 | 5182 y(com)m(bined)27 b(with)g(some)g(of)g(the)h Fq(MSTJ\(22\))i |
| | 30647 | Fw(options)d(ma)m(y)g(lead)g(to)g(man)m(y)g(particles)709 |
| | 30648 | 5290 y(not)32 b(b)s(eing)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(deca)m(y)i(at)e(all.)0 |
| | 30649 | 5399 y Fq(MSTP\(171\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0\))g(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e(of)j |
| | 30650 | (v)-5 b(ariable)46 b(energies)i(from)e(one)i(ev)m(en)m(t)i(to)d(the)h |
| | 30651 | (next.)90 b(F)-8 b(or)472 5507 y(further)33 b(details)f(see)h |
| | 30652 | (subsection)h(9.6.)236 5615 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no;)32 |
| | 30653 | b(i.e.)43 b(the)33 b(energy)h(is)e(\014xed)i(at)e(the)h(initialization) |
| | 30654 | 27 b(call.)1817 5953 y(161)p eop |
| | 30655 | %%Page: 162 168 |
| | 30656 | 162 167 bop 236 -18 a Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(y)m(es;)34 |
| | 30657 | b(i.e.)43 b(a)32 b(new)i(energy)f(has)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(giv)m(en)h(for)f |
| | 30658 | (eac)m(h)i(new)f(ev)m(en)m(t.)0 90 y Fq(MSTP\(172\))54 |
| | 30659 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=2\))40 b(options)g(for)g(generation)f(of)i(ev)m(en)m |
| | 30660 | (ts)h(with)f(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(energies,)43 b(applicable)472 |
| | 30661 | 198 y(when)34 b Fq(MSTP\(171\)=1)p Fw(.)236 307 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30662 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(an)40 b(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)e(generated)i(at)e(the)h |
| | 30663 | (requested)i(energy)-8 b(,)43 b(i.e.)67 b(in)m(ternally)39 |
| | 30664 | b(a)h(lo)s(op)f(is)709 415 y(p)s(erformed)28 b(o)m(v)m(er)i(p)s |
| | 30665 | (ossible)e(ev)m(en)m(t)i(con\014gurations)e(un)m(til)g(one)h(is)f |
| | 30666 | (accepted.)43 b(If)29 b(the)709 523 y(requested)37 b(c.m.)49 |
| | 30667 | b(energy)36 b(of)e(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(is)d(b)s(elo)m(w)i |
| | 30668 | Fq(PARP\(2\))g Fw(the)f(run)g(is)g(ab)s(orted.)709 632 |
| | 30669 | y(Cross-section)41 b(information)c(can)k(not)f(b)s(e)h(trusted)h(with)e |
| | 30670 | (this)g(option,)i(since)e(it)709 740 y(dep)s(ends)34 |
| | 30671 | b(on)e(ho)m(w)i(y)m(ou)f(decided)g(to)f(pic)m(k)h(the)g(requested)i |
| | 30672 | (energies.)236 848 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(only)41 |
| | 30673 | b(one)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(con\014guration)e(is)f(tried.)71 |
| | 30674 | b(If)42 b(that)g(is)g(accepted,)k(the)c(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)709 |
| | 30675 | 957 y(generated)j(in)f(full.)84 b(If)47 b(not,)j(no)d(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is) |
| | 30676 | f(generated,)k(and)c(the)g(status)g(co)s(de)709 1065 |
| | 30677 | y Fq(MSTI\(61\)=1)c Fw(is)d(returned.)68 b(Y)-8 b(ou)40 |
| | 30678 | b(are)h(then)g(exp)s(ected)h(to)e(giv)m(e)h(a)f(new)h(energy)-8 |
| | 30679 | b(,)709 1173 y(lo)s(oping)32 b(un)m(til)i(an)i(acceptable)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 30680 | (t)i(is)e(found.)52 b(No)35 b(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)e(generated)h(if)e(the) |
| | 30681 | 709 1282 y(requested)42 b(c.m.)64 b(energy)41 b(is)e(b)s(elo)m(w)i |
| | 30682 | Fq(PARP\(2\))p Fw(,)i(instead)d Fq(MSTI\(61\)=1)i Fw(is)d(set)i(to)709 |
| | 30683 | 1390 y(signal)33 b(the)j(failure.)49 b(In)35 b(principle,)f(cross)i |
| | 30684 | (sections)g(should)f(come)f(out)h(correctly)709 1498 |
| | 30685 | y(with)d(this)g(option.)0 1607 y Fq(MSTP\(173\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 30686 | b Fw(\(D=0\))36 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)f(for)i(user)h(to)f(giv)m(e)g(in)f |
| | 30687 | (an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(w)m(eigh)m(t)f(to)f(comp)s(ensate)g(for)g(a)472 |
| | 30688 | 1715 y(biased)c(c)m(hoice)g(of)f(b)s(eam)g(sp)s(ectrum.)236 |
| | 30689 | 1823 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no,)32 b(i.e.)43 b(ev)m(en)m(t)35 |
| | 30690 | b(w)m(eigh)m(t)e(is)f(unit)m(y)-8 b(.)236 1932 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 30691 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(y)m(es;)54 b(w)m(eigh)m(t)47 b(to)e(b)s(e)i(giv)m(en)f |
| | 30692 | (for)g(eac)m(h)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(in)d Fq(PARP\(173\))p |
| | 30693 | Fw(,)52 b(with)46 b(maxim)m(um)709 2040 y(w)m(eigh)m(t)33 |
| | 30694 | b(giv)m(en)f(at)h(initialization)27 b(in)k Fq(PARP\(174\))p |
| | 30695 | Fw(.)0 2148 y Fq(MSTP\(181\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))32 |
| | 30696 | b Fm(Pythia)h Fw(v)m(ersion)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)0 2257 |
| | 30697 | y Fq(MSTP\(182\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))32 b Fm(Pythia)h |
| | 30698 | Fw(sub)m(v)m(ersion)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)0 2365 y Fq(MSTP\(183\))54 |
| | 30699 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))32 b(last)g(y)m(ear)i(of)e(c)m(hange)h(for)f |
| | 30700 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)0 2473 y Fq(MSTP\(184\))54 b(:)47 b |
| | 30701 | Fw(\(R\))32 b(last)g(mon)m(th)g(of)g(c)m(hange)i(for)e |
| | 30702 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)0 2582 y Fq(MSTP\(185\))54 b(:)47 b |
| | 30703 | Fw(\(R\))32 b(last)g(da)m(y)h(of)g(c)m(hange)g(for)f |
| | 30704 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)0 2690 y Fq(MSTP\(186\))54 b(:)47 b |
| | 30705 | Fw(\(R\))35 b(earliest)g(sub)m(v)m(ersion)i(of)42 b Fm(Jetset)35 |
| | 30706 | b Fw(v)m(ersion)h(7)f(with)g(whic)m(h)h(this)f Fm(Pythia)h |
| | 30707 | Fw(sub-)472 2798 y(v)m(ersion)e(can)e(b)s(e)h(run.)0 |
| | 30708 | 2961 y Fq(PARP\(1\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.25)d(GeV\))i(nominal)e(\003) |
| | 30709 | 1652 2976 y Fl(QCD)1862 2961 y Fw(used)j(in)f(running)f |
| | 30710 | Fj(\013)2667 2976 y Fl(s)2746 2961 y Fw(for)h(hard)g(scattering)f |
| | 30711 | (\(see)472 3069 y Fq(MSTP\(3\))p Fw(\).)0 3178 y Fq(PARP\(2\))53 |
| | 30712 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=10.)g(GeV\))35 b(lo)m(w)m(est)g(c.m.)49 |
| | 30713 | b(energy)36 b(for)e(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(as)e(a)f(whole)g(that)h(the)g |
| | 30714 | (program)472 3286 y(will)c(accept)i(to)f(sim)m(ulate.)0 |
| | 30715 | 3394 y Fq(PARP\(13\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.)81 b(GeV)1099 |
| | 30716 | 3358 y Fl(2)1138 3394 y Fw(\))46 b Fj(Q)1299 3358 y Fl(2)1299 |
| | 30717 | 3419 y(max)1480 3394 y Fw(scale,)j(to)c(b)s(e)g(set)h(b)m(y)h(user)f |
| | 30718 | (for)f(de\014ning)g(maxim)m(um)e(scale)472 3503 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)32 |
| | 30719 | b(for)g(photopro)s(duction)g(when)i(using)e(the)h(option)f |
| | 30720 | Fq(MSTP\(13\)=2)p Fw(.)0 3611 y Fq(PARP\(14\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 30721 | b Fw(\(D=0.01\))35 b(in)h(the)h(n)m(umerical)f(in)m(tegration)f(of)h |
| | 30722 | (quark)i(and)f(gluon)e(parton)i(distribu-)472 3719 y(tions)c(inside)g |
| | 30723 | (an)h(electron,)g(the)g(successiv)m(e)i(halvings)d(of)g(ev)-5 |
| | 30724 | b(aluation-p)s(oin)m(t)31 b(spacing)i(is)472 3828 y(in)m(terrupted)40 |
| | 30725 | b(when)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(v)-5 b(alues)39 b(agree)h(in)e(relativ)m(e)g |
| | 30726 | (size,)j Fn(j)p Fw(new)p Fn(\000)p Fw(old)p Fn(j)p Fw(/\(new+old\),)g |
| | 30727 | (to)472 3936 y(b)s(etter)32 b(than)e Fq(PARP\(14\))p |
| | 30728 | Fw(.)45 b(There)32 b(are)f(hardwired)g(lo)m(w)m(er)g(and)g(upp)s(er)g |
| | 30729 | (limits)d(of)i(2)h(and)g(8)472 4044 y(halvings,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 30730 | b(.)0 4153 y Fq(PARP\(15\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.5)24 |
| | 30731 | b(GeV\))h(lo)m(w)m(er)h(cut-o\013)f Fj(p)1750 4168 y |
| | 30732 | Fl(0)1814 4153 y Fw(used)i(to)e(de\014ne)h(minim)m(um)c(transv)m(erse) |
| | 30733 | 28 b(momen)m(tum)472 4261 y(in)k(branc)m(hings)h Fj(\015)g |
| | 30734 | Fn(!)27 b Fw(q)p 1339 4208 52 4 v(q)34 b(in)e(the)h(anomalous)d(ev)m |
| | 30735 | (en)m(t)35 b(class)e(of)f Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)32 b(in)m(teractions.)0 |
| | 30736 | 4369 y Fq(PARP\(16\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))40 b(the)28 |
| | 30737 | b(anomalous)d(parton-distribution)f(functions)j(of)f(the)h(photon)g |
| | 30738 | (are)f(tak)m(en)472 4478 y(to)31 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)g(c)m(harm)e(and)h |
| | 30739 | (b)s(ottom)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(thresholds)f(at)g(virtualit)m(y)f |
| | 30740 | Fq(PARP\(16\))p Fn(\002)p Fj(m)3708 4442 y Fl(2)3708 |
| | 30741 | 4502 y(q)3752 4478 y Fw(.)0 4598 y Fq(PARP\(17\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 30742 | b Fw(\(D=1.\))57 b(rescaling)37 b(factor)g(used)h(for)f(the)h |
| | 30743 | Fj(Q)g Fw(argumen)m(t)f(of)g(the)h(anomalous)e(parton)472 |
| | 30744 | 4707 y(distributions)c(of)g(the)h(photon,)f(see)i Fq(MSTP\(15\))p |
| | 30745 | Fw(.)0 4815 y Fq(PARP\(31\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.5\))27 |
| | 30746 | b(common)g Fj(K)36 b Fw(factor)28 b(m)m(ultiplying)d(the)k(di\013eren)m |
| | 30747 | (tial)d(cross)k(section)f(for)e(hard)472 4923 y(parton{parton)34 |
| | 30748 | b(pro)s(cesses)h(when)g Fq(MSTP\(33\)=1)i Fw(or)c Fq(2)p |
| | 30749 | Fw(,)i(with)e(the)i(exception)f(of)f(colour)472 5032 |
| | 30750 | y(annihilation)c(graphs)k(in)f(the)h(latter)f(case.)0 |
| | 30751 | 5140 y Fq(PARP\(32\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2.0\))38 b(sp)s(ecial)g |
| | 30752 | Fj(K)47 b Fw(factor)38 b(m)m(ultiplying)e(the)k(di\013eren)m(tial)d |
| | 30753 | (cross)k(section)e(in)f(hard)472 5248 y(colour)24 b(annihilation)c |
| | 30754 | (graphs,)27 b(including)22 b(resonance)k(pro)s(duction,)f(when)h |
| | 30755 | Fq(MSTP\(33\)=2)p Fw(.)0 5357 y Fq(PARP\(33\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 30756 | b Fw(\(D=0.075\))31 b(this)h(factor)g(is)g(used)i(to)e(m)m(ultiply)f |
| | 30757 | (the)i(ordinary)f Fj(Q)2979 5321 y Fl(2)3051 5357 y Fw(scale)g(in)g |
| | 30758 | Fj(\013)3460 5372 y Fl(s)3525 5357 y Fw(at)g(the)472 |
| | 30759 | 5465 y(hard)39 b(in)m(teraction)f(for)h Fq(MSTP\(33\)=3)p |
| | 30760 | Fw(.)65 b(The)40 b(e\013ectiv)m(e)g Fj(K)46 b Fw(factor)38 |
| | 30761 | b(th)m(us)i(obtained)f(is)f(in)472 5573 y(accordance)c(with)e(the)h |
| | 30762 | (results)g(in)f([Ell86)n(].)1817 5953 y(162)p eop |
| | 30763 | %%Page: 163 169 |
| | 30764 | 163 168 bop 0 -18 a Fq(PARP\(34\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))53 |
| | 30765 | b(the)36 b Fj(Q)1164 -55 y Fl(2)1240 -18 y Fw(scale)g(de\014ned)h(b)m |
| | 30766 | (y)i Fq(MSTP\(32\))f Fw(is)d(m)m(ultiplied)e(b)m(y)38 |
| | 30767 | b Fq(PARP\(34\))g Fw(when)472 90 y(it)31 b(is)f(used)j(as)e(argumen)m |
| | 30768 | (t)g(for)g(parton)g(distributions)f(and)h Fj(\013)2720 |
| | 30769 | 105 y Fl(s)2784 90 y Fw(at)f(the)i(hard)f(in)m(teraction.)472 |
| | 30770 | 198 y(It)37 b(do)s(es)h(not)e(a\013ect)i Fj(\013)1314 |
| | 30771 | 213 y Fl(s)1383 198 y Fw(when)g Fq(MSTP\(33\)=3)p Fw(,)i(nor)d(do)s(es) |
| | 30772 | g(it)f(c)m(hange)i(the)f Fj(Q)3299 162 y Fl(2)3376 198 |
| | 30773 | y Fw(argumen)m(t)472 307 y(of)c(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(ers.)0 |
| | 30774 | 415 y Fq(PARP\(35\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.20\))25 b(\014x)i |
| | 30775 | Fj(\013)1180 430 y Fl(s)1238 415 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)26 |
| | 30776 | b(that)g(is)g(used)h(in)f(the)h(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)h(threshold)e |
| | 30777 | (factor)g(when)472 523 y Fq(MSTP\(35\)=1)p Fw(.)0 632 |
| | 30778 | y Fq(PARP\(36\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.)g(GeV\))34 b(the)h(width)f(\000) |
| | 30779 | 1647 647 y Fl(Q)1740 632 y Fw(for)g(the)g(hea)m(vy)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)f |
| | 30780 | (studied)g(in)f(pro)s(cesses)i(ISUB)472 740 y(=)d(81)f(or)g(82;)g(to)h |
| | 30781 | (b)s(e)f(used)i(for)e(the)h(threshold)g(factor)f(when)i |
| | 30782 | Fq(MSTP\(35\)=2)p Fw(.)0 848 y Fq(PARP\(37\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 30783 | b Fw(\(D=2.\))k(for)36 b Fq(MSTP\(37\)=1)i Fw(this)e(regulates)g(the)g |
| | 30784 | (p)s(oin)m(t)f(at)h(whic)m(h)g(the)h(reference)g(on-)472 |
| | 30785 | 957 y(shell)24 b(quark)h(mass)f(in)g(Higgs)g(couplings)f(is)h(assumed)h |
| | 30786 | (de\014ned;)k(sp)s(eci\014cally)23 b(the)i(running)472 |
| | 30787 | 1065 y(quark)h(mass)f(is)f(assumed)i(to)e(coincide)g(with)h(the)g |
| | 30788 | (\014x)g(one)h(at)e(an)h(energy)h(scale)e Fq(PARP\(37\))472 |
| | 30789 | 1173 y Fw(times)32 b(the)h(\014x)g(quark)h(mass,)e(i.e.)43 |
| | 30790 | b Fj(m)1835 1188 y Fl(running)2080 1173 y Fw(\()p Fq(PARP\(37\))p |
| | 30791 | Fn(\002)p Fj(m)2688 1188 y Fl(\014x)2771 1173 y Fw(\))28 |
| | 30792 | b(=)g Fj(m)3026 1188 y Fl(\014x)3107 1173 y Fw(.)0 1282 |
| | 30793 | y Fq(PARP\(38\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.70)30 b(GeV)1146 |
| | 30794 | 1245 y Fl(3)1185 1282 y Fw(\))h(the)h(squared)g(w)m(a)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 30795 | (function)e(at)g(the)g(origin,)e Fn(j)p Fj(R)q Fw(\(0\))p |
| | 30796 | Fn(j)3240 1245 y Fl(2)3279 1282 y Fw(,)i(of)g(the)h(J)p |
| | 30797 | Fj(= )472 1390 y Fw(w)m(a)m(v)m(e)j(function.)43 b(Used)34 |
| | 30798 | b(for)e(pro)s(cess)h(86.)43 b(See)34 b(ref.)43 b([Glo88)n(].)0 |
| | 30799 | 1498 y Fq(PARP\(39\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.006)35 b(GeV)1200 |
| | 30800 | 1462 y Fl(3)1239 1498 y Fw(\))h(the)h(squared)g(deriv)-5 |
| | 30801 | b(ativ)m(e)36 b(of)g(the)g(w)m(a)m(v)m(e)i(function)e(at)g(the)h |
| | 30802 | (origin,)472 1607 y Fn(j)p Fj(R)575 1571 y Fk(0)598 1607 |
| | 30803 | y Fw(\(0\))p Fn(j)751 1571 y Fl(2)790 1607 y Fj(=m)924 |
| | 30804 | 1571 y Fl(2)964 1607 y Fw(,)h(of)f(the)g Fj(\037)1378 |
| | 30805 | 1622 y Fl(c)1451 1607 y Fw(w)m(a)m(v)m(e)h(functions.)57 |
| | 30806 | b(Used)38 b(for)f(the)g(pro)s(cesses)i(87,)f(88)f(and)g(89.)472 |
| | 30807 | 1715 y(See)d(ref.)43 b([Glo88)n(].)0 1823 y Fq(PARP\(41\))53 |
| | 30808 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.020)38 b(GeV\))h(in)g(the)h(pro)s(cess)h(of)e |
| | 30809 | (generating)g(mass)h(for)f(resonances,)k(and)d(op-)472 |
| | 30810 | 1932 y(tionally)27 b(to)i(force)g(that)g(mass)g(to)g(b)s(e)h(in)e(a)h |
| | 30811 | (giv)m(en)h(range,)f(only)g(resonances)i(with)e(a)g(total)472 |
| | 30812 | 2040 y(width)h(in)f(excess)j(of)k Fq(PARP\(41\))c Fw(are)e(generated)g |
| | 30813 | (according)g(to)f(a)g(Breit{Wigner)g(shap)s(e)472 2148 |
| | 30814 | y(\(if)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)j Fq(MSTP\(42\))p Fw(\),)g(while)d |
| | 30815 | (narro)m(w)m(er)i(resonances)g(are)f(put)g(on)f(the)i(mass)e(shell.)0 |
| | 30816 | 2257 y Fq(PARP\(42\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2.)84 b(GeV\))46 |
| | 30817 | b(minim)m(um)d(mass)k(of)f(resonances)i(assumed)f(to)f(b)s(e)h(allo)m |
| | 30818 | (w)m(ed)e(when)472 2365 y(ev)-5 b(aluating)38 b(total)g(width)h(of)g(H) |
| | 30819 | 1662 2329 y Fl(0)1741 2365 y Fw(to)g(Z)1927 2329 y Fl(0)1966 |
| | 30820 | 2365 y Fw(Z)2026 2329 y Fl(0)2105 2365 y Fw(or)g(W)2332 |
| | 30821 | 2329 y Fl(+)2391 2365 y Fw(W)2492 2329 y Fk(\000)2591 |
| | 30822 | 2365 y Fw(for)g(cases)i(when)g(the)e(H)3508 2329 y Fl(0)3587 |
| | 30823 | 2365 y Fw(is)g(so)472 2473 y(ligh)m(t)30 b(that)h(\(at)f(least\))h(one) |
| | 30824 | g(Z)p Fj(=)p Fw(W)h(is)f(forced)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(o\013)f(the)i(mass)f |
| | 30825 | (shell.)42 b(Also)30 b(generally)472 2582 y(used)43 b(as)e(safet)m(y)h |
| | 30826 | (c)m(hec)m(k)i(on)d(minim)m(um)d(mass)j(of)g(resonance.)70 |
| | 30827 | b(Note)42 b(that)e(some)h Fq(CKIN)472 2690 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 30828 | b(alues)33 b(ma)m(y)f(pro)m(vide)h(additional)d(constrain)m(ts.)0 |
| | 30829 | 2798 y Fq(PARP\(43\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.10\))40 b(precision)h |
| | 30830 | (parameter)h(used)g(in)f(n)m(umerical)g(in)m(tegration)f(of)h(width)g |
| | 30831 | (in)m(to)472 2907 y(c)m(hannel)33 b(with)g(at)f(least)g(one)h(daugh)m |
| | 30832 | (ter)g(o\013)f(the)h(mass)g(shell.)0 3015 y Fq(PARP\(44\))53 |
| | 30833 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1000.\))104 b(the)54 b Fj(\027)59 b Fw(parameter)53 |
| | 30834 | b(of)g(the)h(strongly)f(in)m(teracting)f(Z)p Fj(=)p Fw(W)i(mo)s(del)e |
| | 30835 | (of)472 3123 y(Dobado,)32 b(Herrero)h(and)g(T)-8 b(erron)33 |
| | 30836 | b([Dob91)o(].)0 3232 y Fq(PARP\(45\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2054.)42 |
| | 30837 | b(GeV\))31 b(the)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(tec)m(hni-)p Fj(\032)f |
| | 30838 | Fw(mass)g(parameter)f(of)h(the)g(strongly)f(in)m(ter-)472 |
| | 30839 | 3340 y(acting)40 b(mo)s(del)f(of)h(Dobado,)i(Herrero)f(and)g(T)-8 |
| | 30840 | b(erron)41 b([Dob91)o(];)k(see)d Fq(MSTP\(46\)=5)p Fw(.)70 |
| | 30841 | b(On)472 3448 y(ph)m(ysical)36 b(grounds)g(it)f(should)g(not)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 30842 | (c)m(hosen)h(smaller)d(than)i(ab)s(out)f(1)g(T)-8 b(eV)36 |
| | 30843 | b(or)g(larger)472 3557 y(than)d(ab)s(out)f(the)h(default)f(v)-5 |
| | 30844 | b(alue.)0 3665 y Fq(PARP\(46\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=123.)54 |
| | 30845 | b(GeV\))36 b(the)h Fj(F)1479 3680 y Fh(\031)1563 3665 |
| | 30846 | y Fw(deca)m(y)h(constan)m(t)f(that)g(app)s(ears)g(in)m(v)m(ersely)g |
| | 30847 | (quadratically)472 3774 y(in)32 b(all)f(tec)m(hni-)p |
| | 30848 | Fj(\021)36 b Fw(partial)30 b(deca)m(y)k(widths)f([Eic84,)f(App92].)0 |
| | 30849 | 3882 y Fq(PARP\(47\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=246.)100 b(GeV\))52 |
| | 30850 | b(v)-5 b(acuum)52 b(exp)s(ectation)g(v)-5 b(alue)51 b |
| | 30851 | Fj(v)56 b Fw(used)d(in)e(the)i(DHT)f(scenario)472 3990 |
| | 30852 | y([Dob91])43 b(to)g(de\014ne)i(the)f(width)g(of)f(the)h(tec)m(hni-)p |
| | 30853 | Fj(\032)p Fw(;)49 b(this)43 b(width)h(is)f(in)m(v)m(ersely)h(prop)s |
| | 30854 | (or-)472 4099 y(tional)31 b Fj(v)800 4062 y Fl(2)839 |
| | 30855 | 4099 y Fw(.)0 4207 y Fq(PARP\(51\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))i(if)34 |
| | 30856 | b(parton)h(distributions)e(for)i(ligh)m(t)e(\015a)m(v)m(ours)k(ha)m(v)m |
| | 30857 | (e)f(to)f(b)s(e)g(extrap)s(olated)g(to)472 4315 y Fj(x)i |
| | 30858 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues)35 b(lo)m(w)m(er)h(than)g(co)m(v)m(ered)h(b)m(y)g(the)f |
| | 30859 | (parametrizations,)e(an)i Fj(x)2981 4279 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 30860 | Fh(b)3106 4315 y Fw(b)s(eha)m(viour,)h(with)472 4424 |
| | 30861 | y Fj(b)51 b Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(51\))p Fw(,)g(is)45 b(assumed)i(in)e(that)g |
| | 30862 | (region.)82 b(This)46 b(option)f(only)g(applies)g(for)g(the)472 |
| | 30863 | 4532 y(EHLQ)33 b(proton)g(parton)f(distributions)f(that)h(are)h(in)m |
| | 30864 | (ternal)e(to)i Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)0 4640 y Fq(PARP\(61\))53 |
| | 30865 | b(-)f(PARP\(65\))h(:)48 b Fw(\(C\))33 b(parameters)f(for)g |
| | 30866 | (initial-state)d(radiation,)h(see)k(section)f(10.4.)0 |
| | 30867 | 4749 y Fq(PARP\(71\))53 b(-)f(PARP\(72\))h(:)48 b Fw(\(C\))33 |
| | 30868 | b(parameter)f(for)g(\014nal-state)g(radiation,)e(see)k(section)e(10.4.) |
| | 30869 | 0 4857 y Fq(PARP\(81\))53 b(-)f(PARP\(88\))h(:)48 b Fw(parameters)32 |
| | 30870 | b(for)g(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(teractions,)j(see)g(section)g(11.4.)0 |
| | 30871 | 4965 y Fq(PARP\(91\))53 b(-)f(PARP\(100\))i(:)47 b Fw(parameters)33 |
| | 30872 | b(for)f(b)s(eam)g(remnan)m(t)g(treatmen)m(t,)h(see)g(section)g(11.4.)0 |
| | 30873 | 5074 y Fq(PARP\(101\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.50\))26 b(fraction)g(of)g |
| | 30874 | (di\013ractiv)m(e)h(systems)h(in)e(whic)m(h)i(a)f(quark)h(is)e(assumed) |
| | 30875 | i(kic)m(k)m(ed)472 5182 y(out)33 b(b)m(y)g(the)g(p)s(omeron)f(rather)h |
| | 30876 | (than)f(a)h(gluon;)e(applicable)g(for)h(option)f Fq(MSTP\(101\)=3)p |
| | 30877 | Fw(.)0 5290 y Fq(PARP\(102\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.28)26 |
| | 30878 | b(GeV\))g(the)h(mass)g(sp)s(ectrum)g(of)g(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(states)h |
| | 30879 | (\(in)f(single)g(and)h(double)472 5399 y(di\013ractiv)m(e)41 |
| | 30880 | b(scattering\))g(is)f(assumed)i(to)f(start)g Fq(PARP\(102\))j |
| | 30881 | Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)e(the)f(mass)g(of)g(the)472 5507 y(particle)47 |
| | 30882 | b(that)h(is)f(di\013ractiv)m(ely)g(excited.)91 b(In)48 |
| | 30883 | b(this)f(connection,)53 b(an)47 b(incoming)f Fj(\015)53 |
| | 30884 | b Fw(is)472 5615 y(tak)m(en)34 b(to)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)f(selected)h |
| | 30885 | (VMD)e(meson)h(mass,)g(i.e.)43 b Fj(m)2702 5630 y Fh(\032)2742 |
| | 30886 | 5615 y Fw(,)33 b Fj(m)2887 5630 y Fh(!)2938 5615 y Fw(,)f |
| | 30887 | Fj(m)3082 5630 y Fh(\036)3161 5615 y Fw(or)g Fj(m)3365 |
| | 30888 | 5631 y Fl(J)p Fh(= )3490 5615 y Fw(.)1817 5953 y(163)p |
| | 30889 | eop |
| | 30890 | %%Page: 164 170 |
| | 30891 | 164 169 bop 0 -18 a Fq(PARP\(103\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.0)26 |
| | 30892 | b(GeV\))h(if)f(the)i(mass)f(of)g(a)g(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(state)i(is)e |
| | 30893 | (less)i(than)f Fq(PARP\(103\))j Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)472 |
| | 30894 | 90 y(the)47 b(mass)f(of)g(the)g(particle)f(that)h(is)g(di\013ractiv)m |
| | 30895 | (ely)f(excited,)50 b(the)d(state)g(is)e(forced)i(to)472 |
| | 30896 | 198 y(deca)m(y)37 b(isotropically)c(in)m(to)i(a)g(t)m(w)m(o-b)s(o)s(dy) |
| | 30897 | g(c)m(hannel.)53 b(In)36 b(this)f(connection,)h(an)g(incoming)472 |
| | 30898 | 307 y Fj(\015)42 b Fw(is)37 b(tak)m(en)g(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)f |
| | 30899 | (selected)h(VMD)f(meson)g(mass,)h(i.e.)56 b Fj(m)2945 |
| | 30900 | 322 y Fh(\032)2986 307 y Fw(,)37 b Fj(m)3135 322 y Fh(!)3186 |
| | 30901 | 307 y Fw(,)h Fj(m)3336 322 y Fh(\036)3419 307 y Fw(or)f |
| | 30902 | Fj(m)3628 322 y Fl(J)p Fh(= )3752 307 y Fw(.)472 415 |
| | 30903 | y(If)j(the)h(mass)f(is)g(higher)f(than)h(this)g(threshold,)i(the)e |
| | 30904 | (standard)h(string)e(fragmen)m(tation)472 523 y(mac)m(hinery)27 |
| | 30905 | b(is)f(used.)42 b(The)27 b(forced)g(t)m(w)m(o-b)s(o)s(dy)g(deca)m(y)h |
| | 30906 | (is)d(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(carried)f(out,)i(also)d(when)472 |
| | 30907 | 632 y Fq(MSTP\(111\)=0)p Fw(.)0 740 y Fq(PARP\(104\))54 |
| | 30908 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.8)41 b(GeV\))g(minim)m(um)e(energy)j(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 30909 | (threshold)f(for)f(hadron{hadron)h(cross)472 848 y(sections)34 |
| | 30910 | b(to)e(b)s(e)h(de\014ned.)0 957 y Fq(PARP\(111\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 30911 | b Fw(\(D=2.)63 b(GeV\))39 b(used)h(to)f(de\014ne)i(the)e(minim)m(um)d |
| | 30912 | (in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)38 b(mass)h(of)g(the)h(remnan)m(t)472 |
| | 30913 | 1065 y(hadronic)j(system)h(\(i.e.)75 b(when)44 b(in)m(teracting)e |
| | 30914 | (partons)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)g(tak)m(en)g(a)m(w)m(a)m(y\),)j(to-)472 |
| | 30915 | 1173 y(gether)34 b(with)e(original)d(hadron)k(masses)g(and)g(extra)g |
| | 30916 | (parton)f(masses.)0 1282 y Fq(PARP\(121\))54 b(:)47 b |
| | 30917 | Fw(\(D=1.\))41 b(the)28 b(maxima)d(obtained)i(at)g(initial)d |
| | 30918 | (maximization)g(are)j(m)m(ultiplied)d(b)m(y)29 b(this)472 |
| | 30919 | 1390 y(factor)k(if)40 b Fq(MSTP\(121\)=1)p Fw(;)d(t)m(ypically)c |
| | 30920 | Fq(PARP\(121\))j Fw(w)m(ould)d(b)s(e)h(giv)m(en)g(as)f(the)h(pro)s |
| | 30921 | (duct)g(of)472 1498 y(the)g(violation)c(factors)j(observ)m(ed)i(\(i.e.) |
| | 30922 | 44 b(the)33 b(ratio)f(of)g(\014nal)h(maxim)m(um)d(v)-5 |
| | 30923 | b(alue)33 b(to)f(initial)472 1607 y(maxim)m(um)f(v)-5 |
| | 30924 | b(alue\))32 b(for)g(the)h(giv)m(en)f(pro)s(cess\(es\).)0 |
| | 30925 | 1715 y Fq(PARP\(122\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.4\))27 b(fraction)h(of)g |
| | 30926 | (total)f(probabilit)m(y)f(that)i(is)g(shared)i(demo)s(cratically)25 |
| | 30927 | b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)472 1823 y(the)36 b Fq(COEF)h Fw(co)s(e\016cien)m |
| | 30928 | (ts)g(op)s(en)f(for)f(the)h(giv)m(en)f(v)-5 b(ariable,)35 |
| | 30929 | b(with)g(the)h(remaining)e(fraction)472 1932 y(distributed)f(according) |
| | 30930 | f(to)g(the)h(optimization)c(results)k(of)39 b Fq(PYMAXI)p |
| | 30931 | Fw(.)0 2040 y Fq(PARP\(131\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(parameter)32 |
| | 30932 | b(for)g(pile-up)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k(see)f(section)f(11.4.)0 |
| | 30933 | 2148 y Fq(PARP\(151\))54 b(-)d(PARP\(154\))j(:)47 b Fw(\(D=4*0.\))85 |
| | 30934 | b(\(C\))47 b(regulate)f(the)h(assumed)g(b)s(eam-sp)s(ot)f(size.)86 |
| | 30935 | b(F)-8 b(or)472 2257 y Fq(MSTP\(151\)=1)33 b Fw(the)d |
| | 30936 | Fj(x)p Fw(,)g Fj(y)t Fw(,)g Fj(z)k Fw(and)29 b Fj(t)h |
| | 30937 | Fw(co)s(ordinates)f(of)g(the)h(primary)e(v)m(ertex)j(of)e(eac)m(h)i(ev) |
| | 30938 | m(en)m(t)472 2365 y(are)44 b(selected)g(according)e(to)h(four)g(indep)s |
| | 30939 | (enden)m(t)i(Gaussians.)75 b(The)44 b(widths)f(of)g(these)472 |
| | 30940 | 2473 y(Gaussians)33 b(are)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(the)g(four)e |
| | 30941 | (parameters,)i(where)g(the)f(\014rst)h(three)f(are)g(in)g(units)472 |
| | 30942 | 2582 y(of)g(mm)e(and)h(the)h(fourth)g(in)e(mm/)p Fj(c)p |
| | 30943 | Fw(.)0 2690 y Fq(PARP\(161\))54 b(-)d(PARP\(164\))j(:)47 |
| | 30944 | b Fw(\(D=2.20,)32 b(23.6,)g(18.4,)f(11.5\))h(couplings)g |
| | 30945 | Fj(f)2845 2654 y Fl(2)2834 2715 y Fh(V)2895 2690 y Fj(=)p |
| | 30946 | Fw(4)p Fj(\031)k Fw(of)c(the)g(photon)h(to)472 2798 y(the)g |
| | 30947 | Fj(\032)690 2762 y Fl(0)730 2798 y Fw(,)g Fj(!)t Fw(,)f |
| | 30948 | Fj(\036)g Fw(and)h(J)p Fj(= )j Fw(v)m(ector)e(mesons.)0 |
| | 30949 | 2907 y Fq(PARP\(171\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(to)d(b)s(e)g(set,)j(ev)m(en)m(t-b) |
| | 30950 | m(y-ev)m(en)m(t,)k(when)44 b(v)-5 b(ariable)43 b(energies)h(are)g(allo) |
| | 30951 | m(w)m(ed,)i(i.e.)76 b(when)472 3015 y Fq(MSTP\(171\)=1)p |
| | 30952 | Fw(.)71 b(If)47 b Fq(PYINIT)42 b Fw(is)e(called)f(with)h |
| | 30953 | Fq(FRAME='CMS')k Fw(\()p Fq(='FIXT')p Fw(\),)e Fq(PARP\(171\))472 |
| | 30954 | 3123 y Fw(m)m(ultiplies)20 b(the)k(c.m.)40 b(energy)24 |
| | 30955 | b(\(b)s(eam)e(energy\))h(used)h(at)f(initialization.)35 |
| | 30956 | b(F)-8 b(or)22 b(the)h(options)472 3232 y Fq('USER')p |
| | 30957 | Fw(,)38 b Fq('FOUR')f Fw(and)e Fq('FIVE')p Fw(,)j Fq(PARP\(171\))f |
| | 30958 | Fw(is)e(dumm)m(y)-8 b(,)36 b(since)g(there)h(the)f(momen)m(ta)472 |
| | 30959 | 3340 y(are)d(set)g(in)f(the)h Fq(P)g Fw(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)0 |
| | 30960 | 3448 y Fq(PARP\(173\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)35 b(w)m(eigh)m(t)e |
| | 30961 | (to)f(b)s(e)h(giv)m(en)f(b)m(y)i(user)f(when)h Fq(MSTP\(173\)=1)p |
| | 30962 | Fw(.)0 3557 y Fq(PARP\(174\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.\))84 |
| | 30963 | b(maxim)m(um)45 b(ev)m(en)m(t)j(w)m(eigh)m(t)f(that)f(will)e(b)s(e)j |
| | 30964 | (encoun)m(tered)h(in)e Fq(PARP\(173\))472 3665 y Fw(during)g(the)h |
| | 30965 | (course)h(of)e(a)h(run)f(with)h Fq(MSTP\(173\)=1)p Fw(;)56 |
| | 30966 | b(to)47 b(b)s(e)f(used)i(to)e(optimize)f(the)472 3774 |
| | 30967 | y(e\016ciency)38 b(of)e(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(generation.)54 |
| | 30968 | b(It)37 b(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)g(use)i(a)e(larger)f |
| | 30969 | (b)s(ound)472 3882 y(than)e(the)g(true)g(one,)g(but)g(with)f(a)g |
| | 30970 | (corresp)s(onding)h(loss)f(in)g(e\016ciency)-8 b(.)0 |
| | 30971 | 4156 y Fp(9.4)135 b(General)46 b(Ev)l(en)l(t)g(Information)0 |
| | 30972 | 4328 y Fw(When)39 b(an)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(is)c(generated)j(with)e |
| | 30973 | Fq(PYEVNT)p Fw(,)i(some)e(information)d(on)j(it)f(is)h(stored)h(in)f |
| | 30974 | (the)g Fq(MSTI)0 4437 y Fw(and)k Fq(PARI)h Fw(arra)m(ys)g(of)e(the)i |
| | 30975 | Fq(PYPARS)g Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)h(\(often)g(copied)g(directly)f |
| | 30976 | (from)g(the)i(in)m(ternal)0 4545 y Fq(MINT)30 b Fw(and)g |
| | 30977 | Fq(VINT)g Fw(v)-5 b(ariables\).)41 b(F)-8 b(urther)29 |
| | 30978 | b(information)d(is)j(stored)h(in)e(the)i(complete)e(ev)m(en)m(t)j |
| | 30979 | (record;)g(see)0 4653 y(section)i(5.2.)146 4762 y(P)m(art)i(of)f(the)h |
| | 30980 | (information)d(is)i(only)g(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)34 b(for)g(some)h(subpro)s |
| | 30981 | (cesses;)j(b)m(y)e(default)d(ev)m(erything)0 4870 y(irrelev)-5 |
| | 30982 | b(an)m(t)30 b(is)g(set)i(to)e(0.)43 b(Kindly)30 b(note)h(that,)g(lik)m |
| | 30983 | (e)f(the)h Fq(CKIN)h Fw(constrain)m(ts)f(describ)s(ed)h(in)e(section)h |
| | 30984 | (9.2,)0 4979 y(kinematical)23 b(v)-5 b(ariables)25 b(normally)f(\(i.e.) |
| | 30985 | 40 b(where)28 b(it)d(is)g(not)h(explicitly)e(stated)j(otherwise\))f |
| | 30986 | (refer)g(to)g(the)0 5087 y(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)33 |
| | 30987 | b(hard)f(scattering,)h(b)s(efore)f(initial-)d(and)j(\014nal-state)g |
| | 30988 | (radiation)f(e\013ects)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)g(included.)p |
| | 30989 | 0 5231 2876 9 v 0 5456 9 225 v 79 5371 a Fq(COMMON/PYPARS/MSTP\(200\),) |
| | 30990 | q(PARP)q(\(200)q(\),MS)q(TI\()q(200\))q(,PAR)q(I\(20)q(0\))p |
| | 30991 | 2867 5456 V 0 5464 2876 9 v 0 5596 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 |
| | 30992 | b Fw(to)24 b(pro)m(vide)h(information)d(on)i(latest)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h |
| | 30993 | (generated)g(or,)g(in)e(a)g(few)i(cases,)h(on)e(statistics)1817 |
| | 30994 | 5953 y(164)p eop |
| | 30995 | %%Page: 165 171 |
| | 30996 | 165 170 bop 472 -18 a Fw(accum)m(ulated)33 b(during)f(the)h(run.)0 |
| | 30997 | 90 y Fq(MSTI\(1\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(sp)s(eci\014es)39 b(the)g(general)f(t) |
| | 30998 | m(yp)s(e)i(of)e(subpro)s(cess)j(that)d(has)h(o)s(ccurred,)i(according)d |
| | 30999 | (to)g(the)472 198 y(ISUB)c(co)s(de)e(giv)m(en)h(in)f(section)h(8.1.)0 |
| | 31000 | 307 y Fq(MSTI\(2\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(whenev)m(er)41 b Fq(MSTI\(1\))f |
| | 31001 | Fw(\(together)f(with)f Fq(MSTI\(15\))j Fw(and)d Fq(MSTI\(16\))p |
| | 31002 | Fw(\))j(are)e(not)f(enough)472 415 y(to)g(sp)s(ecify)h(the)f(t)m(yp)s |
| | 31003 | (e)h(of)f(pro)s(cess)i(uniquely)-8 b(,)39 b Fq(MSTI\(2\))h |
| | 31004 | Fw(pro)m(vides)f(an)f(ordering)f(of)h(the)472 523 y(di\013eren)m(t)30 |
| | 31005 | b(p)s(ossibilities.)40 b(This)30 b(is)f(particularly)f(relev)-5 |
| | 31006 | b(an)m(t)30 b(for)f(the)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(colour-\015o)m(w)472 |
| | 31007 | 632 y(top)s(ologies)24 b(p)s(ossible)h(in)g(QCD)h(2)h |
| | 31008 | Fn(!)h Fw(2)d(pro)s(cesses.)44 b(With)25 b Fj(i)j Fw(=)p |
| | 31009 | Fq(MSTI\(15\))p Fw(,)h Fj(j)34 b Fw(=)p Fq(MSTI\(16\))472 |
| | 31010 | 740 y Fw(and)45 b Fj(k)50 b Fw(=)p Fq(MSTI\(2\))p Fw(,)f(the)c(QCD)e(p) |
| | 31011 | s(ossibilities)f(are,)47 b(in)c(the)i(classi\014cation)e(sc)m(heme)i |
| | 31012 | (of)472 848 y([Ben84)q(])32 b(\(cf.)44 b(section)33 b(8.2.1\):)236 |
| | 31013 | 957 y(ISUB)g(=)g(11,)47 b Fj(i)28 b Fw(=)f Fj(j)6 b Fw(,)33 |
| | 31014 | b(q)1102 972 y Fh(i)1130 957 y Fw(q)1181 972 y Fh(i)1238 |
| | 31015 | 957 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(q)1416 972 y Fh(i)1445 957 y Fw(q)1496 |
| | 31016 | 972 y Fh(i)1524 957 y Fw(;)709 1065 y Fj(k)j Fw(=)e(1)k(:)44 |
| | 31017 | b(colour)31 b(con\014guration)h Fj(A)p Fw(.)709 1173 |
| | 31018 | y Fj(k)e Fw(=)e(2)k(:)44 b(colour)31 b(con\014guration)h |
| | 31019 | Fj(B)5 b Fw(.)236 1282 y(ISUB)33 b(=)g(11,)47 b Fj(i)28 |
| | 31020 | b Fn(6)p Fw(=)f Fj(j)6 b Fw(,)33 b(q)1102 1297 y Fh(i)1130 |
| | 31021 | 1282 y Fw(q)1181 1297 y Fh(j)1246 1282 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(q)1424 |
| | 31022 | 1297 y Fh(i)1453 1282 y Fw(q)1504 1297 y Fh(j)1541 1282 |
| | 31023 | y Fw(;)709 1390 y Fj(k)j Fw(=)e(1)k(:)44 b(only)32 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y) |
| | 31024 | -8 b(.)236 1498 y(ISUB)33 b(=)g(12,)47 b(q)832 1513 y |
| | 31025 | Fh(i)p 860 1445 52 4 v 860 1498 a Fw(q)912 1522 y Fh(i)968 |
| | 31026 | 1498 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(q)1146 1513 y Fh(l)p 1172 1445 V |
| | 31027 | 1172 1498 a Fw(q)1224 1522 y Fh(l)1250 1498 y Fw(;)709 |
| | 31028 | 1607 y Fj(k)j Fw(=)e(1)k(:)44 b(only)32 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)-8 |
| | 31029 | b(.)236 1715 y(ISUB)33 b(=)g(13,)47 b(q)832 1730 y Fh(i)p |
| | 31030 | 860 1662 V 860 1715 a Fw(q)912 1739 y Fh(i)968 1715 y |
| | 31031 | Fn(!)27 b Fw(gg)q(;)709 1823 y Fj(k)j Fw(=)e(1)k(:)44 |
| | 31032 | b(colour)31 b(con\014guration)h Fj(A)p Fw(.)709 1932 |
| | 31033 | y Fj(k)e Fw(=)e(2)k(:)44 b(colour)31 b(con\014guration)h |
| | 31034 | Fj(B)5 b Fw(.)236 2040 y(ISUB)33 b(=)g(28,)47 b(q)832 |
| | 31035 | 2055 y Fh(i)860 2040 y Fw(g)29 b Fn(!)e Fw(q)1116 2055 |
| | 31036 | y Fh(i)1145 2040 y Fw(g)q(;)709 2148 y Fj(k)j Fw(=)e(1)k(:)44 |
| | 31037 | b(colour)31 b(con\014guration)h Fj(A)p Fw(.)709 2257 |
| | 31038 | y Fj(k)e Fw(=)e(2)k(:)44 b(colour)31 b(con\014guration)h |
| | 31039 | Fj(B)5 b Fw(.)236 2365 y(ISUB)33 b(=)g(53,)47 b(gg)28 |
| | 31040 | b Fn(!)f Fw(q)1085 2380 y Fh(l)p 1112 2312 V 1112 2365 |
| | 31041 | a Fw(q)1163 2389 y Fh(l)1189 2365 y Fw(;)709 2473 y Fj(k)j |
| | 31042 | Fw(=)e(1)k(:)44 b(colour)31 b(con\014guration)h Fj(A)p |
| | 31043 | Fw(.)709 2582 y Fj(k)e Fw(=)e(2)k(:)44 b(colour)31 b(con\014guration)h |
| | 31044 | Fj(B)5 b Fw(.)236 2690 y(ISUB)33 b(=)g(68,)47 b(gg)28 |
| | 31045 | b Fn(!)f Fw(gg)q(;)709 2798 y Fj(k)j Fw(=)e(1)k(:)44 |
| | 31046 | b(colour)31 b(con\014guration)h Fj(A)p Fw(.)709 2907 |
| | 31047 | y Fj(k)e Fw(=)e(2)k(:)44 b(colour)31 b(con\014guration)h |
| | 31048 | Fj(B)5 b Fw(.)709 3015 y Fj(k)30 b Fw(=)e(3)k(:)44 b(colour)31 |
| | 31049 | b(con\014guration)h Fj(C)7 b Fw(.)236 3123 y(ISUB)33 |
| | 31050 | b(=)g(83,)47 b(fq)32 b Fn(!)f Fw(f)1062 3087 y Fk(0)1085 |
| | 31051 | 3123 y Fw(Q)k(\(b)m(y)g Fj(t)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)g(W)i(exc)m(hange;)h(do)s |
| | 31052 | (es)d(not)g(distinguish)e(colour)h(\015o)m(ws)709 3232 |
| | 31053 | y(but)f(result)f(of)g(user)i(selection\);)709 3340 y |
| | 31054 | Fj(k)c Fw(=)e(1)k(:)44 b(hea)m(vy)34 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(Q)g(is)f(pro)s |
| | 31055 | (duced)h(on)g(side)f(1.)709 3448 y Fj(k)e Fw(=)e(2)k(:)44 |
| | 31056 | b(hea)m(vy)34 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(Q)g(is)f(pro)s(duced)h(on)g(side)f |
| | 31057 | (2.)0 3557 y Fq(MSTI\(3\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(the)43 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of) |
| | 31058 | f(partons)h(pro)s(duced)h(in)e(the)h(hard)g(in)m(teractions,)h(i.e.)74 |
| | 31059 | b(the)43 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)472 3665 y Fj(n)g Fw(of)e(the)i(2)g |
| | 31060 | Fn(!)h Fj(n)e Fw(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)j(used;)48 b(it)41 |
| | 31061 | b(is)g(sometimes)g(3)h(or)g(4)g(when)h(a)f(basic)472 |
| | 31062 | 3774 y(2)e Fn(!)g Fw(1)f(or)g(2)h Fn(!)g Fw(2)f(pro)s(cess)i(has)f(b)s |
| | 31063 | (een)h(folded)e(with)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(1)g Fn(!)g Fw(2)f(initial)d(branc)m |
| | 31064 | (hings)472 3882 y(\(lik)m(e)c(qq)791 3846 y Fk(0)843 |
| | 31065 | 3882 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(q)1021 3846 y Fk(00)1064 3882 y Fw(q)1115 |
| | 31066 | 3846 y Fk(000)1177 3882 y Fw(H)1250 3846 y Fl(0)1290 |
| | 31067 | 3882 y Fw(\).)0 3990 y Fq(MSTI\(4\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)28 |
| | 31068 | b(of)f(do)s(cumen)m(tation)g(lines)g(at)g(the)h(b)s(eginning)f(of)g |
| | 31069 | (the)h(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)i Fq(LUJETS)472 4099 y Fw(that)33 |
| | 31070 | b(are)f(giv)m(en)h(with)f Fq(K\(I,1\)=21)p Fw(;)j(0)e(for)f |
| | 31071 | Fq(MSTP\(125\)=0)p Fw(.)0 4207 y Fq(MSTI\(5\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 31072 | b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)30 b(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(generated)e(to)g(date)f |
| | 31073 | (in)g(curren)m(t)i(run.)43 b(In)30 b(runs)g(with)g(the)g(v)-5 |
| | 31074 | b(ariable-)472 4315 y(energy)31 b(option,)f Fq(MSTP\(171\)=1)j |
| | 31075 | Fw(and)d Fq(MSTP\(172\)=2)p Fw(,)j(only)d(those)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(that)e |
| | 31076 | (surviv)m(e)472 4424 y(\(i.e.)83 b(that)45 b(do)h(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 31077 | Fq(MSTI\(61\)=1)p Fw(\))h(are)e(coun)m(ted)h(in)e(this)g(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 31078 | (er.)84 b(That)46 b(is,)472 4532 y Fq(MSTI\(5\))35 b |
| | 31079 | Fw(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(less)g(than)f(the)h(total)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)39 |
| | 31080 | b Fq(PYEVNT)34 b Fw(calls.)0 4640 y Fq(MSTI\(6\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 31081 | b Fw(curren)m(t)33 b(frame)f(of)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)j(cf.)43 |
| | 31082 | b Fq(MSTP\(124\))p Fw(.)0 4749 y Fq(MSTI\(7\),)53 b(MSTI\(8\))h(:)47 |
| | 31083 | b Fw(line)29 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(for)f(do)s(cumen)m(tation)f(of)h |
| | 31084 | (outgoing)f(partons/particles)h(from)472 4857 y(hard)j(scattering)f |
| | 31085 | (for)g(2)c Fn(!)f Fw(2)32 b(or)h(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(1)h |
| | 31086 | Fn(!)f Fw(2)33 b(pro)s(cesses)h(\(else)f(=)f(0\).)0 4965 |
| | 31087 | y Fq(MSTI\(9\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)h(class)f(used)h(in)e(curren) |
| | 31088 | m(t)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(for)d Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)48 b(or)g |
| | 31089 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)53 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)d(generated)f(with)e(the)472 |
| | 31090 | 5074 y Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)36 b Fw(option.)236 5182 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 31091 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(for)32 b(other)g(pro)s(cesses)j(than)e(the)g(ones)g |
| | 31092 | (listed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)236 5290 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 31093 | b Fw(VMD)32 b(\(for)g Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p\))33 b(or)f(VMD*VMD)g(\(for)g |
| | 31094 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)g Fw(\).)236 5399 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 31095 | b Fw(direct)32 b(\(for)g Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p\))33 b(or)f(VMD*direct)g |
| | 31096 | (\(for)g Fj(\015)5 b(\015)g Fw(\).)236 5507 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 31097 | b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(anomalous)31 b(\(for)h Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p\))32 |
| | 31098 | b(or)g(VMD*anomalous)f(\(for)h Fj(\015)5 b(\015)g Fw(\).)236 |
| | 31099 | 5615 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(direct*direct)32 b(\(for)g |
| | 31100 | Fj(\015)5 b(\015)g Fw(\).)1817 5953 y(165)p eop |
| | 31101 | %%Page: 166 172 |
| | 31102 | 166 171 bop 236 -18 a Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(direct*anomalous)30 |
| | 31103 | b(\(for)i Fj(\015)5 b(\015)g Fw(\).)236 90 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 31104 | b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(anomalous*anomalous)29 b(\(for)j Fj(\015)5 |
| | 31105 | b(\015)g Fw(\).)0 198 y Fq(MSTI\(10\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(is)32 |
| | 31106 | b(1)g(if)g(cross)h(section)g(maxim)m(um)d(w)m(as)k(violated)d(in)h |
| | 31107 | (curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)i(and)e(0)f(if)f(not.)0 307 |
| | 31108 | y Fq(MSTI\(11\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(KF)32 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(co)s(de)g(for) |
| | 31109 | f(b)s(eam)g(\(side)h(1\))f(particle.)0 415 y Fq(MSTI\(12\))53 |
| | 31110 | b(:)48 b Fw(KF)32 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(co)s(de)g(for)f(target)h(\(side)f |
| | 31111 | (2\))g(particle.)0 523 y Fq(MSTI\(13\),)54 b(MSTI\(14\))f(:)48 |
| | 31112 | b Fw(KF)28 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(co)s(des)g(for)e(side)h(1)g(and)g(side)g |
| | 31113 | (2)g(initial-state)c(sho)m(w)m(er)31 b(initia-)472 632 |
| | 31114 | y(tors.)0 740 y Fq(MSTI\(15\),)54 b(MSTI\(16\))f(:)48 |
| | 31115 | b Fw(KF)34 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(co)s(des)g(for)f(side)g(1)g(and)h(side)f |
| | 31116 | (2)g(incoming)e(partons)i(to)g(the)472 848 y(hard)e(in)m(teraction.)0 |
| | 31117 | 957 y Fq(MSTI\(17\),)54 b(MSTI\(18\))f(:)48 b Fw(\015ag)38 |
| | 31118 | b(to)h(signal)f(if)g(particle)g(on)h(side)g(1)g(or)g(side)h(2)f(has)g |
| | 31119 | (b)s(een)h(scattered)472 1065 y(di\013ractiv)m(ely;)32 |
| | 31120 | b(0)g(if)g(no,)g(1)h(if)e(y)m(es.)0 1173 y Fq(MSTI\(21\))53 |
| | 31121 | b(-)f(MSTI\(24\))h(:)48 b Fw(KF)37 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(co)s(des)f(for)f |
| | 31122 | (outgoing)g(partons)h(from)e(the)i(hard)g(in)m(terac-)472 |
| | 31123 | 1282 y(tion.)i(The)24 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(p)s(ositions)g(actually) |
| | 31124 | f(used)j(is)e(pro)s(cess-dep)s(enden)m(t,)28 b(see)d |
| | 31125 | Fq(MSTI\(3\))p Fw(;)472 1390 y(trailing)30 b(p)s(ositions)h(not)i(used) |
| | 31126 | g(are)g(set)g(=)g(0.)0 1498 y Fq(MSTI\(25\),)54 b(MSTI\(26\))f(:)48 |
| | 31127 | b Fw(KF)e(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(co)s(des)h(of)e(the)i(pro)s(ducts)f(in)f |
| | 31128 | (the)h(deca)m(y)i(of)d(a)g(single)g Fj(s)p Fw(-)472 1607 |
| | 31129 | y(c)m(hannel)40 b(resonance)g(formed)e(in)g(the)h(hard)g(in)m |
| | 31130 | (teraction.)61 b(Are)39 b(th)m(us)h(only)e(used)i(when)472 |
| | 31131 | 1715 y Fq(MSTI\(3\)=1)35 b Fw(and)e(the)g(resonance)h(is)e(allo)m(w)m |
| | 31132 | (ed)g(to)g(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)0 1823 y Fq(MSTI\(31\))53 |
| | 31133 | b(:)48 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)34 b(of)f(hard)h(or)f(semi-hard)g |
| | 31134 | (scatterings)h(that)f(o)s(ccurred)i(in)e(the)h(curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m |
| | 31135 | (t)472 1932 y(in)d(the)h(m)m(ultiple-in)m(teraction)c(scenario;)j(is)g |
| | 31136 | (=)h(0)f(for)g(a)g(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)2772 1947 y Fk(?)2863 |
| | 31137 | 1932 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t.)0 2040 y Fq(MSTI\(41\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 31138 | b Fw(the)35 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(pile-up)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)k |
| | 31139 | (generated)f(in)e(the)i(latest)e Fq(PYEVNT)i Fw(call)d(\(including)472 |
| | 31140 | 2148 y(the)g(\014rst,)h(`hard')e(ev)m(en)m(t\).)0 2257 |
| | 31141 | y Fq(MSTI\(42\))53 b(-)f(MSTI\(50\))h(:)48 b Fw(ISUB)30 |
| | 31142 | b(co)s(des)g(for)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(2{10)d(generated)h(in)f(the)h |
| | 31143 | (pile-up-ev)m(en)m(ts)472 2365 y(scenario.)81 b(The)46 |
| | 31144 | b(\014rst)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(ISUB)e(co)s(de)h(is)e(stored)i(in)e |
| | 31145 | Fq(MSTI\(1\))p Fw(.)83 b(If)52 b Fq(MSTI\(41\))47 b Fw(is)472 |
| | 31146 | 2473 y(less)38 b(than)f(10,)h(only)f(as)h(man)m(y)f(p)s(ositions)f(are) |
| | 31147 | h(\014lled)f(as)i(there)g(are)f(pile-up)f(ev)m(en)m(ts.)60 |
| | 31148 | b(If)472 2582 y(MSTI\(41\))34 b(is)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(10,)f(some)h |
| | 31149 | (ISUB)g(co)s(des)g(will)d(not)j(app)s(ear)f(an)m(ywhere.)0 |
| | 31150 | 2690 y Fq(MSTI\(51\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(normally)33 b(0)i(but)h(set)h(to)e |
| | 31151 | (1)g(if)g(a)g Fq(PYUPEV)i Fw(call)d(did)h(not)h(return)g(an)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 31152 | (t,)k(suc)m(h)e(that)472 2798 y Fq(PYEVNT)30 b Fw(could)d(not)h |
| | 31153 | (generate)g(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)27 b(further)h(details,)g |
| | 31154 | (see)h(end)f(of)g(section)g(9.5.)0 2907 y Fq(MSTI\(52\))53 |
| | 31155 | b(:)48 b Fw(coun)m(ter)30 b(for)f(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(times)f |
| | 31156 | (the)h(curren)m(t)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(con\014guration)d(failed)g(in)g(the) |
| | 31157 | 472 3015 y(generation)39 b(mac)m(hinery)-8 b(.)62 b(F)-8 |
| | 31158 | b(or)38 b(accepted)j(ev)m(en)m(ts)g(this)e(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(0,)g |
| | 31159 | (but)f(the)g(coun)m(ter)472 3123 y(can)k(b)s(e)f(used)h(inside)f |
| | 31160 | Fq(PYUPEV)h Fw(to)f(c)m(hec)m(k)j(on)d(anomalous)e(o)s(ccurrences.)74 |
| | 31161 | b(F)-8 b(or)41 b(further)472 3232 y(details,)32 b(see)i(end)f(of)f |
| | 31162 | (section)h(9.5.)0 3340 y Fq(MSTI\(61\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(status)31 |
| | 31163 | b(\015ag)e(set)i(when)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(are)e(generated.)43 |
| | 31164 | b(It)30 b(is)g(only)f(of)g(in)m(terest)i(for)e(runs)i(with)472 |
| | 31165 | 3448 y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(energies,)i Fq(MSTP\(171\)=1)p |
| | 31166 | Fw(,)j(with)c(the)h(option)f Fq(MSTP\(172\)=2)p Fw(.)236 |
| | 31167 | 3557 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(an)32 b(ev)m(en)m(t)j(has)e(b)s(een)g |
| | 31168 | (generated.)236 3665 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(no)36 |
| | 31169 | b(ev)m(en)m(t)j(w)m(as)e(generated,)i(either)e(b)s(ecause)h(the)f(c.m.) |
| | 31170 | 55 b(energy)38 b(w)m(as)g(to)s(o)e(lo)m(w)g(or)709 3774 |
| | 31171 | y(b)s(ecause)c(the)f(Mon)m(te)h(Carlo)e(phase)i(space)g(p)s(oin)m(t)e |
| | 31172 | (selection)g(mac)m(hinery)h(rejected)709 3882 y(the)i(trial)d(p)s(oin)m |
| | 31173 | (t.)43 b(A)32 b(new)i(energy)f(is)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(pic)m(k)m(ed)g(b)m(y)h |
| | 31174 | (the)f(user.)0 4044 y Fq(PARI\(1\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(total)e(in)m |
| | 31175 | (tegrated)h(cross)i(section)e(for)g(the)i(pro)s(cesses)g(under)g(study) |
| | 31176 | -8 b(,)52 b(in)47 b(m)m(b.)88 b(This)472 4153 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)26 |
| | 31177 | b(is)e(obtained)h(as)g(a)g(b)m(y-pro)s(duct)g(of)g(the)g(selection)g |
| | 31178 | (of)g(hard-pro)s(cess)g(kinematics,)472 4261 y(and)f(is)f(th)m(us)i |
| | 31179 | (kno)m(wn)f(with)g(b)s(etter)f(accuracy)i(when)g(more)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)i |
| | 31180 | (ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)g(generated.)472 4369 y(The)34 |
| | 31181 | b(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(stored)h(here)h(is)e(based)h(on)g(all)d(ev)m(en)m |
| | 31182 | (ts)35 b(un)m(til)c(the)i(latest)f(one)h(generated.)0 |
| | 31183 | 4478 y Fq(PARI\(2\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(is)34 b(the)i(ratio)d |
| | 31184 | Fq(PARI\(1\)/MSTI\(5\))p Fw(,)40 b(i.e.)51 b(the)35 b(ratio)f(of)h |
| | 31185 | (total)e(in)m(tegrated)i(cross)h(section)472 4586 y(and)46 |
| | 31186 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(generated.)84 |
| | 31187 | b(Histograms)45 b(\014lled)g(with)g(unit)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(w)m(eigh)m(t) |
| | 31188 | 472 4694 y(ha)m(v)m(e)f(to)f(b)s(e)f(m)m(ultiplied)e(b)m(y)j(this)f |
| | 31189 | (factor,)k(at)c(the)h(end)g(of)f(the)h(run,)j(to)d(con)m(v)m(ert)h(re-) |
| | 31190 | 472 4803 y(sults)36 b(to)g(m)m(b.)52 b(F)-8 b(or)35 b |
| | 31191 | Fq(MSTP\(142\)=1)p Fw(,)40 b Fq(MSTI\(5\))d Fw(is)f(replaced)g(b)m(y)g |
| | 31192 | (the)h(sum)e(of)42 b Fq(PARI\(10\))472 4911 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 31193 | b(alues.)64 b(Histograms)37 b(are)i(then)h(\014lled)e(with)h(w)m(eigh)m |
| | 31194 | (t)h Fq(PARI\(10\))h Fw(for)d(eac)m(h)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(and)472 |
| | 31195 | 5019 y(m)m(ultiplied)d(b)m(y)k Fq(PARI\(2\))g Fw(at)e(the)h(end.)68 |
| | 31196 | b(In)40 b(runs)h(with)f(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable-energy)39 |
| | 31197 | b(option,)472 5128 y Fq(MSTP\(171\)=1)i Fw(and)d Fq(MSTP\(172\)=2)p |
| | 31198 | Fw(,)43 b(only)37 b(those)i(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(that)e(surviv)m(e)h(\(i.e.) |
| | 31199 | 60 b(that)38 b(do)472 5236 y(not)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h Fq(MSTI\(61\)=1)p |
| | 31200 | Fw(\))h(are)d(coun)m(ted.)45 b(calls.)0 5344 y Fq(PARI\(9\))53 |
| | 31201 | b(:)48 b Fw(is)36 b(w)m(eigh)m(t)h Fq(WTXS)h Fw(returned)g(from)e |
| | 31202 | Fq(PYEVWT)i Fw(call)e(when)i Fq(MSTP\(142\))p Fn(\025)g |
| | 31203 | Fw(1,)f(otherwise)h(is)472 5453 y(1.)0 5561 y Fq(PARI\(10\))53 |
| | 31204 | b(:)48 b Fw(is)37 b(comp)s(ensating)g(w)m(eigh)m(t)h |
| | 31205 | Fq(1./WTXS)h Fw(that)e(should)h(b)s(e)g(asso)s(ciated)f(to)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 31206 | (ts)j(when)1817 5953 y(166)p eop |
| | 31207 | %%Page: 167 173 |
| | 31208 | 167 172 bop 472 -18 a Fq(MSTP\(142\)=1)p Fw(,)36 b(else)d(is)f(1.)0 |
| | 31209 | 90 y Fq(PARI\(11\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(E)632 105 y Fl(cm)726 |
| | 31210 | 90 y Fw(,)33 b(i.e.)43 b(total)31 b(c.m.)43 b(energy)-8 |
| | 31211 | b(.)0 198 y Fq(PARI\(12\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(s)p Fw(,)32 |
| | 31212 | b(i.e.)43 b(squared)34 b(total)d(c.m.)44 b(energy)-8 |
| | 31213 | b(.)0 318 y Fq(PARI\(13\))53 b(:)66 b Fw(^)-67 b Fj(m)28 |
| | 31214 | b Fw(=)776 234 y Fn(p)p 859 234 46 4 v 863 318 a Fw(^)-53 |
| | 31215 | b Fj(s)p Fw(,)33 b(i.e.)43 b(mass)33 b(of)f(the)h(hard-scattering)f |
| | 31216 | (subsystem.)0 427 y Fq(PARI\(14\))53 b(:)f Fw(^)-53 b |
| | 31217 | Fj(s)32 b Fw(of)g(the)h(hard)g(subpro)s(cess)i(\(2)27 |
| | 31218 | b Fn(!)g Fw(2)33 b(or)f(2)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(1\).)0 547 y |
| | 31219 | Fq(PARI\(15\))53 b(:)561 529 y Fw(^)560 547 y Fj(t)33 |
| | 31220 | b Fw(of)f(the)h(hard)f(subpro)s(cess)j(\(2)27 b Fn(!)h |
| | 31221 | Fw(2)k(or)g(2)c Fn(!)f Fw(1)g Fn(!)h Fw(2\).)0 656 y |
| | 31222 | Fq(PARI\(16\))53 b(:)h Fw(^)-55 b Fj(u)32 b Fw(of)g(the)h(hard)g |
| | 31223 | (subpro)s(cess)h(\(2)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(2)32 b(or)h(2)27 |
| | 31224 | b Fn(!)g Fw(1)h Fn(!)f Fw(2\).)0 764 y Fq(PARI\(17\))53 |
| | 31225 | b(:)j Fw(^)-57 b Fj(p)609 779 y Fk(?)695 764 y Fw(of)27 |
| | 31226 | b(the)h(hard)g(subpro)s(cess)h(\(2)f Fn(!)f Fw(2)g(or)h(2)f |
| | 31227 | Fn(!)g Fw(1)h Fn(!)f Fw(2\),)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)28 b(in)e(the)i(rest)g |
| | 31228 | (frame)472 872 y(of)33 b(the)g(hard)f(in)m(teraction.)0 |
| | 31229 | 981 y Fq(PARI\(18\))53 b(:)j Fw(^)-57 b Fj(p)609 945 |
| | 31230 | y Fl(2)609 1005 y Fk(?)700 981 y Fw(of)33 b(the)g(hard)f(subpro)s |
| | 31231 | (cess;)j(see)f Fq(PARI\(17\))p Fw(.)0 1089 y Fq(PARI\(19\))53 |
| | 31232 | b(:)66 b Fw(^)-67 b Fj(m)645 1053 y Fk(0)669 1089 y Fw(,)44 |
| | 31233 | b(the)f(mass)f(of)g(the)g(complete)g(three-)g(or)g(four-b)s(o)s(dy)g |
| | 31234 | (\014nal)f(state)i(in)e(2)j Fn(!)g Fw(3)e(or)472 1198 |
| | 31235 | y(2)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(4)32 b(pro)s(cesses)i(\(while)49 b(^)-67 |
| | 31236 | b Fj(m)p Fw(,)32 b(giv)m(en)h(in)e Fq(PARI\(13\))p Fw(,)j(here)f |
| | 31237 | (corresp)s(onds)g(to)f(the)g(one-)g(or)472 1306 y(t)m(w)m(o-b)s(o)s(dy) |
| | 31238 | h(cen)m(tral)g(system\).)44 b(Kinematically)j(^)-67 b |
| | 31239 | Fj(m)28 b Fn(\024)47 b Fw(^)-68 b Fj(m)2554 1270 y Fk(0)2606 |
| | 31240 | 1306 y Fn(\024)28 b Fj(E)2783 1321 y Fl(cm)2877 1306 |
| | 31241 | y Fw(.)0 1414 y Fq(PARI\(20\))53 b(:)f Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)606 |
| | 31242 | 1378 y Fk(0)657 1414 y Fw(=)46 b(^)-68 b Fj(m)845 1378 |
| | 31243 | y Fk(0)p Fl(2)904 1414 y Fw(;)33 b(see)h Fq(PARI\(19\))p |
| | 31244 | Fw(.)0 1523 y Fq(PARI\(21\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(Q)60 b Fw(of)f(the)h |
| | 31245 | (hard-scattering)f(subpro)s(cess.)127 b(The)61 b(exact)g(de\014nition)d |
| | 31246 | (is)i(pro)s(cess-)472 1631 y(dep)s(enden)m(t,)35 b(see)f |
| | 31247 | Fq(MSTP\(32\))p Fw(.)0 1739 y Fq(PARI\(22\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 31248 | b Fj(Q)637 1703 y Fl(2)709 1739 y Fw(of)32 b(the)h(hard-scattering)f |
| | 31249 | (subpro)s(cess;)j(see)f Fq(PARI\(21\))p Fw(.)0 1848 y |
| | 31250 | Fq(PARI\(23\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(Q)24 b Fw(of)f(the)h(outer)g |
| | 31251 | (hard-scattering)f(subpro)s(cess.)43 b(Agrees)24 b(with)g |
| | 31252 | Fq(PARI\(21\))h Fw(for)f(a)f(2)k Fn(!)h Fw(1)472 1956 |
| | 31253 | y(or)35 b(2)d Fn(!)f Fw(2)k(pro)s(cess.)52 b(F)-8 b(or)34 |
| | 31254 | b(a)h(2)c Fn(!)h Fw(3)i(or)h(2)d Fn(!)f Fw(4)k(W)q Fj(=)p |
| | 31255 | Fw(Z)g(fusion)f(pro)s(cess,)j(it)d(is)g(set)i(b)m(y)g(the)472 |
| | 31256 | 2064 y(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z)d(mass)f(scale,)h(and)g(for)f(subpro)s(cesses)j |
| | 31257 | (121)d(and)h(122)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(hea)m(vy-quark)i(mass.)0 |
| | 31258 | 2173 y Fq(PARI\(24\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(Q)637 2136 y Fl(2)709 |
| | 31259 | 2173 y Fw(of)32 b(the)h(outer)g(hard-scattering)f(subpro)s(cess;)j(see) |
| | 31260 | e Fq(PARI\(23\))p Fw(.)0 2281 y Fq(PARI\(25\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 31261 | b Fj(Q)24 b Fw(scale)g(used)h(as)f(maxim)m(um)e(virtualit)m(y)g(in)i |
| | 31262 | (parton)f(sho)m(w)m(ers.)43 b(Is)25 b(equal)f(to)f Fq(PARI\(23\))p |
| | 31263 | Fw(,)472 2389 y(except)35 b(for)d(deep-inelastic-scattering)f(pro)s |
| | 31264 | (cesses)j(when)g Fq(MSTP\(22\))p Fn(\025)c Fw(1.)0 2498 |
| | 31265 | y Fq(PARI\(26\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(Q)637 2461 y Fl(2)709 |
| | 31266 | 2498 y Fw(scale)33 b(in)f(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ers;)j(see)e |
| | 31267 | Fq(PARI\(25\))p Fw(.)0 2606 y Fq(PARI\(31\),)54 b(PARI\(32\))f(:)48 |
| | 31268 | b Fw(the)28 b(momen)m(tum)f(fractions)g Fj(x)i Fw(of)e(the)i |
| | 31269 | (initial-state)24 b(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)30 b(ini-)472 |
| | 31270 | 2714 y(tiators)i(on)g(side)h(1)f(and)h(2,)f(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 31271 | b(.)0 2823 y Fq(PARI\(33\),)54 b(PARI\(34\))f(:)48 b |
| | 31272 | Fw(the)e(momen)m(tum)f(fractions)g Fj(x)i Fw(tak)m(en)g(b)m(y)g(the)g |
| | 31273 | (partons)f(at)g(the)g(hard)472 2931 y(in)m(teraction,)32 |
| | 31274 | b(as)h(used)h(e.g.)43 b(in)32 b(the)h(parton-distribution)d(functions.) |
| | 31275 | 0 3039 y Fq(PARI\(35\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(F)-8 b(eynman-)p |
| | 31276 | Fj(x)p Fw(,)32 b Fj(x)1151 3054 y Fl(F)1230 3039 y Fw(=)27 |
| | 31277 | b Fj(x)1388 3054 y Fl(1)1450 3039 y Fn(\000)c Fj(x)1605 |
| | 31278 | 3054 y Fl(2)1672 3039 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARI\(33\))p Fn(\000)p |
| | 31279 | Fq(PARI\(34\))p Fw(.)0 3148 y Fq(PARI\(36\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 31280 | b Fj(\034)39 b Fw(=)32 b(^)-53 b Fj(s=s)27 b Fw(=)h Fj(x)1072 |
| | 31281 | 3163 y Fl(1)1128 3148 y Fj(x)1183 3163 y Fl(2)1251 3148 |
| | 31282 | y Fw(=)p Fq(PARI\(33\))p Fn(\002)p Fq(PARI\(34\))p Fw(.)0 |
| | 31283 | 3256 y Fq(PARI\(37\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(y)42 b Fw(=)d(\(1)p |
| | 31284 | Fj(=)p Fw(2\))17 b(ln)n(\()p Fj(x)1178 3271 y Fl(1)1218 |
| | 31285 | 3256 y Fj(=x)1322 3271 y Fl(2)1361 3256 y Fw(\),)41 b(i.e.)63 |
| | 31286 | b(rapidit)m(y)38 b(of)g(the)i(hard-in)m(teraction)e(subsystem)j(in)d |
| | 31287 | (the)472 3364 y(c.m.)44 b(frame)31 b(of)h(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(as)e(a)f |
| | 31288 | (whole.)0 3473 y Fq(PARI\(38\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(\034)613 |
| | 31289 | 3437 y Fk(0)664 3473 y Fw(=)32 b(^)-53 b Fj(s)814 3437 |
| | 31290 | y Fk(0)837 3473 y Fj(=s)28 b Fw(=)p Fq(PARI\(20\)/PARI\(12\))p |
| | 31291 | Fw(.)0 3581 y Fq(PARI\(39\),)54 b(PARI\(40\))f(:)48 b |
| | 31292 | Fw(the)33 b(primordial)28 b Fj(k)1768 3596 y Fk(?)1860 |
| | 31293 | 3581 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(selected)i(in)e(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(b)s(eam)f |
| | 31294 | (remnan)m(ts.)0 3704 y Fq(PARI\(41\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(cos)715 |
| | 31295 | 3678 y(^)707 3704 y Fj(\022)s Fw(,)32 b(where)1102 3678 |
| | 31296 | y(^)1094 3704 y Fj(\022)j Fw(is)c(the)g(scattering)g(angle)g(of)f(a)h |
| | 31297 | (2)d Fn(!)f Fw(2)k(\(or)g(2)d Fn(!)f Fw(1)g Fn(!)h Fw(2\))i(in)m |
| | 31298 | (teraction,)472 3813 y(de\014ned)k(in)e(the)h(rest)g(frame)f(of)g(the)h |
| | 31299 | (hard-scattering)f(subsystem.)0 3921 y Fq(PARI\(42\))53 |
| | 31300 | b(:)48 b Fj(x)615 3936 y Fk(?)674 3921 y Fw(,)26 b(i.e.)40 |
| | 31301 | b(scaled)23 b(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum)c(of)h(the)g(hard-scattering) |
| | 31302 | g(subpro)s(cess,)28 b Fj(x)3617 3936 y Fk(?)3704 3921 |
| | 31303 | y Fw(=)472 4029 y(2)8 b(^)-57 b Fj(p)570 4044 y Fk(?)629 |
| | 31304 | 4029 y Fj(=E)750 4044 y Fl(cm)845 4029 y Fw(.)0 4138 |
| | 31305 | y Fq(PARI\(43\),)54 b(PARI\(44\))f(:)48 b Fj(x)1128 4153 |
| | 31306 | y Fh(L)p Fl(3)1256 4138 y Fw(and)40 b Fj(x)1508 4153 |
| | 31307 | y Fh(L)p Fl(4)1596 4138 y Fw(,)i(i.e.)67 b(longitudinal)37 |
| | 31308 | b(momen)m(tum)h(fractions)i(of)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)472 |
| | 31309 | 4246 y(scattered)d(partons,)g(in)d(the)i(range)f Fn(\000)p |
| | 31310 | Fw(1)e Fj(<)g(x)2162 4261 y Fl(L)2245 4246 y Fj(<)g Fw(1,)j(in)f(the)g |
| | 31311 | (c.m.)55 b(frame)35 b(of)h(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)472 4354 |
| | 31312 | y(as)c(a)g(whole.)0 4463 y Fq(PARI\(45\),)54 b(PARI\(46\))f(:)48 |
| | 31313 | b Fj(x)1128 4478 y Fl(3)1201 4463 y Fw(and)34 b Fj(x)1447 |
| | 31314 | 4478 y Fl(4)1487 4463 y Fw(,)g(i.e.)46 b(scaled)34 b(energy)h |
| | 31315 | (fractions)e(of)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(scattered)h(par-)472 |
| | 31316 | 4571 y(tons,)e(in)f(the)h(c.m.)43 b(frame)32 b(of)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i |
| | 31317 | (as)d(a)h(whole.)0 4679 y Fq(PARI\(47\),)54 b(PARI\(48\))f(:)48 |
| | 31318 | b Fj(y)1125 4643 y Fk(\003)1121 4704 y Fl(3)1191 4679 |
| | 31319 | y Fw(and)29 b Fj(y)1429 4643 y Fk(\003)1425 4704 y Fl(4)1467 |
| | 31320 | 4679 y Fw(,)h(i.e.)41 b(rapidities)27 b(of)g(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 31321 | (scattered)h(partons)e(in)g(the)h(c.m.)472 4788 y(frame)j(of)g(the)h |
| | 31322 | (ev)m(en)m(t)i(as)d(a)h(whole.)0 4896 y Fq(PARI\(49\),)54 |
| | 31323 | b(PARI\(50\))f(:)48 b Fj(\021)1125 4860 y Fk(\003)1121 |
| | 31324 | 4921 y Fl(3)1199 4896 y Fw(and)36 b Fj(\021)1444 4860 |
| | 31325 | y Fk(\003)1440 4921 y Fl(4)1483 4896 y Fw(,)h(i.e.)52 |
| | 31326 | b(pseudorapidities)35 b(of)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(scattered)h(partons)f |
| | 31327 | (in)472 5004 y(the)d(c.m.)44 b(frame)31 b(of)h(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(as)e |
| | 31328 | (a)f(whole.)0 5113 y Fq(PARI\(51\),)54 b(PARI\(52\))f(:)48 |
| | 31329 | b Fw(cos)17 b Fj(\022)1268 5077 y Fk(\003)1265 5137 y |
| | 31330 | Fl(3)1355 5113 y Fw(and)49 b(cos)17 b Fj(\022)1756 5077 |
| | 31331 | y Fk(\003)1753 5137 y Fl(4)1796 5113 y Fw(,)52 b(i.e.)89 |
| | 31332 | b(cosines)49 b(of)f(the)g(p)s(olar)f(angles)h(of)f(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)472 |
| | 31333 | 5221 y(scattered)34 b(partons)f(in)f(the)h(c.m.)43 b(frame)32 |
| | 31334 | b(of)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(as)f(a)f(whole.)0 5329 y Fq(PARI\(53\),)54 |
| | 31335 | b(PARI\(54\))f(:)48 b Fj(\022)1121 5293 y Fk(\003)1118 |
| | 31336 | 5354 y Fl(3)1190 5329 y Fw(and)30 b Fj(\022)1425 5293 |
| | 31337 | y Fk(\003)1422 5354 y Fl(4)1464 5329 y Fw(,)h(i.e.)42 |
| | 31338 | b(p)s(olar)28 b(angles)h(of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(scattered)h(partons,)g |
| | 31339 | (de\014ned)472 5438 y(in)h(the)h(range)g(0)27 b Fj(<)h(\022)1248 |
| | 31340 | 5402 y Fk(\003)1315 5438 y Fj(<)g(\031)t Fw(,)k(in)g(the)h(c.m.)43 |
| | 31341 | b(frame)32 b(of)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(as)f(a)f(whole.)0 |
| | 31342 | 5546 y Fq(PARI\(55\),)54 b(PARI\(56\))f(:)48 b Fw(azim)m(uthal)25 |
| | 31343 | b(angles)i Fj(\036)1866 5510 y Fk(\003)1866 5571 y Fl(3)1932 |
| | 31344 | 5546 y Fw(and)g Fj(\036)2174 5510 y Fk(\003)2174 5571 |
| | 31345 | y Fl(4)2241 5546 y Fw(of)f(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)g(scattered)g(partons,)h |
| | 31346 | (de\014ned)472 5654 y(in)j(the)h(range)g Fn(\000)p Fj(\031)f(<)27 |
| | 31347 | b(\036)1345 5618 y Fk(\003)1412 5654 y Fj(<)h(\031)t |
| | 31348 | Fw(,)k(in)g(the)h(c.m.)43 b(frame)32 b(of)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(as)d(a) |
| | 31349 | h(whole.)1817 5953 y(167)p eop |
| | 31350 | %%Page: 168 174 |
| | 31351 | 168 173 bop 0 -18 a Fq(PARI\(61\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(m)m(ultiple)42 |
| | 31352 | b(in)m(teraction)i(enhancemen)m(t)i(factor)e(for)g(curren)m(t)i(ev)m |
| | 31353 | (en)m(t.)82 b(A)44 b(large)g(v)-5 b(alue)472 90 y(corresp)s(onds)34 |
| | 31354 | b(to)f(a)f(cen)m(tral)g(collision)e(and)i(a)h(small)d(v)-5 |
| | 31355 | b(alue)32 b(to)g(a)h(p)s(eripheral)e(one.)0 198 y Fq(PARI\(65\))53 |
| | 31356 | b(:)48 b Fw(sum)31 b(of)f(the)h(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(ta)d(of)h |
| | 31357 | (partons)g(generated)g(at)g(the)g(hardest)h(in)m(terac-)472 |
| | 31358 | 307 y(tion)d(of)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)j(excluding)d(initial-)c(and)30 |
| | 31359 | b(\014nal-state)e(radiation,)g(i.e.)42 b(2)p Fn(\002)p |
| | 31360 | Fq(PARI\(17\))p Fw(.)0 415 y Fq(PARI\(66\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 31361 | b Fw(sum)27 b(of)g(the)h(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(ta)c(of)h(all)e |
| | 31362 | (partons)j(generated)g(at)f(the)h(hardest)g(in)m(ter-)472 |
| | 31363 | 523 y(action,)39 b(including)d(initial-)e(and)k(\014nal-state)f |
| | 31364 | (radiation,)g(resonance)i(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(ducts,)472 |
| | 31365 | 632 y(and)33 b(primordial)c Fj(k)1190 647 y Fk(?)1249 |
| | 31366 | 632 y Fw(.)0 740 y Fq(PARI\(67\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(sum)22 |
| | 31367 | b(of)g(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(ta)d(of)g(partons)i(generated)g(at)f |
| | 31368 | (hard)g(in)m(teractions,)h(exclud-)472 848 y(ing)32 b(the)h(hardest)g |
| | 31369 | (one)g(\(see)g Fq(PARI\(65\))p Fw(\),)i(and)d(also)g(excluding)g |
| | 31370 | (initial-)c(and)k(\014nal-state)472 957 y(radiation.)42 |
| | 31371 | b(Is)33 b(non-v)-5 b(anishing)31 b(only)h(in)g(the)h(m)m(ultiple-in)m |
| | 31372 | (teraction)28 b(scenario.)0 1065 y Fq(PARI\(68\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 31373 | b Fw(sum)42 b(of)h(transv)m(erse)h(momen)m(ta)e(of)g(all)f(partons)i |
| | 31374 | (generated)g(at)f(hard)h(in)m(teractions,)472 1173 y(excluding)27 |
| | 31375 | b(the)g(hardest)h(one)f(\(see)h Fq(PARI\(66\))p Fw(\),)i(but)e |
| | 31376 | (including)d(initial-)d(and)27 b(\014nal-state)472 1282 |
| | 31377 | y(radiation.)42 b(Is)33 b(non-v)-5 b(anishing)31 b(only)h(in)g(the)h(m) |
| | 31378 | m(ultiple-in)m(teraction)28 b(scenario.)0 1390 y Fq(PARI\(69\))53 |
| | 31379 | b(:)48 b Fw(sum)e(of)f(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(ta)d(of)g(all)f(partons) |
| | 31380 | i(generated)h(in)e(hard)h(in)m(teractions)472 1498 y(\()p |
| | 31381 | Fq(PARI\(66\))54 b(+)d(PARI\(68\))p Fw(\))35 b(and,)e(additionally)-8 |
| | 31382 | b(,)29 b(of)j(all)e(b)s(eam)i(remnan)m(t)h(partons.)0 |
| | 31383 | 1607 y Fq(PARI\(71\),)54 b(PARI\(72\))f(:)48 b Fw(sum)31 |
| | 31384 | b(of)f(the)i(momen)m(tum)d(fractions)i Fj(x)g Fw(tak)m(en)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 31385 | (initial-state)27 b(parton-)472 1715 y(sho)m(w)m(er)49 |
| | 31386 | b(initiators)44 b(on)j(side)f(1)h(and)g(and)f(side)h(2,)j(excluding)d |
| | 31387 | (those)g(of)f(the)i(hardest)472 1823 y(in)m(teraction.)43 |
| | 31388 | b(Is)33 b(non-v)-5 b(anishing)31 b(only)h(in)g(the)h(m)m(ultiple-in)m |
| | 31389 | (teraction)28 b(scenario.)0 1932 y Fq(PARI\(73\),)54 |
| | 31390 | b(PARI\(74\))f(:)48 b Fw(sum)36 b(of)g(the)i(momen)m(tum)d(fractions)h |
| | 31391 | Fj(x)h Fw(tak)m(en)h(b)m(y)f(the)h(partons)f(at)f(the)472 |
| | 31392 | 2040 y(hard)24 b(in)m(teraction)e(on)h(side)g(1)g(and)g(side)h(2,)g |
| | 31393 | (excluding)f(those)h(of)f(the)g(hardest)h(in)m(teraction.)472 |
| | 31394 | 2148 y(Is)34 b(non-v)-5 b(anishing)31 b(only)h(in)g(the)h(m)m |
| | 31395 | (ultiple-in)m(teraction)28 b(scenario.)0 2257 y Fq(PARI\(75\),)54 |
| | 31396 | b(PARI\(76\))f(:)48 b Fw(the)30 b Fj(x)h Fw(v)-5 b(alue)30 |
| | 31397 | b(of)f(a)h(photon)h(that)f(branc)m(hes)i(in)m(to)d(quarks)j(or)e |
| | 31398 | (gluons,)g(i.e.)472 2365 y Fj(x)j Fw(at)g(in)m(terface)f(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 31399 | (een)j(initial-state)29 b(QED)j(and)h(QCD)f(cascades.)0 |
| | 31400 | 2473 y Fq(PARI\(77\),)54 b(PARI\(78\))f(:)48 b Fw(the)34 |
| | 31401 | b Fj(\037)f Fw(v)-5 b(alues)34 b(selected)h(for)e(b)s(eam)g(remnan)m |
| | 31402 | (ts)h(that)g(are)f(split)g(in)m(to)g(t)m(w)m(o)472 2582 |
| | 31403 | y(ob)5 b(jects,)34 b(describing)d(ho)m(w)i(the)f(energy)h(is)f(shared)h |
| | 31404 | (\(see)g Fq(MSTP\(92\))h Fw(and)e Fq(MSTP\(94\))p Fw(\);)i(is)472 |
| | 31405 | 2690 y(v)-5 b(anishing)32 b(if)f(no)i(splitting)d(is)i(needed.)0 |
| | 31406 | 2798 y Fq(PARI\(81\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(size)30 b(of)f(the)i(threshold)f |
| | 31407 | (factor)f(\(enhancemen)m(t)i(or)f(suppression\))h(in)e(the)h(latest)g |
| | 31408 | (ev)m(en)m(t)472 2907 y(with)j(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)h(pro)s |
| | 31409 | (duction;)e(see)i Fq(MSTP\(35\))p Fw(.)0 3015 y Fq(PARI\(91\))53 |
| | 31410 | b(:)48 b Fw(a)m(v)m(erage)40 b(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)p 1446 |
| | 31411 | 2962 59 4 v 36 w Fj(n)f Fw(of)g(pile-up)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)43 |
| | 31412 | b(see)d Fq(MSTP\(133\))p Fw(.)66 b(Only)39 b(relev)-5 |
| | 31413 | b(an)m(t)39 b(for)472 3123 y Fq(MSTP\(133\)=)d Fw(1)c(or)g(2.)0 |
| | 31414 | 3232 y Fq(PARI\(92\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(a)m(v)m(erage)c(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y) |
| | 31415 | 39 b Fn(h)p Fj(n)p Fn(i)k Fw(of)g(pile-up)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)46 |
| | 31416 | b(as)d(actually)f(sim)m(ulated,)i(i.e.)75 b(with)472 |
| | 31417 | 3340 y(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)22 b(=)i(0)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(remo)m(v)m(ed)e |
| | 31418 | (and)g(the)h(high-end)e(tail)e(truncated.)42 b(Only)25 |
| | 31419 | b(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)472 3448 y(for)32 b Fq(MSTP\(133\)=)k |
| | 31420 | Fw(1)c(or)g(2.)0 3557 y Fq(PARI\(93\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(for)22 |
| | 31421 | b Fq(MSTP\(133\)=1)j Fw(it)c(is)h(the)g(probabilit)m(y)f(that)h(a)g(b)s |
| | 31422 | (eam)f(crossing)h(will)e(pro)s(duce)j(a)f(pile-)472 3665 |
| | 31423 | y(up)33 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(at)d(all,)f(i.e.)43 b(that)32 |
| | 31424 | b(there)g(will)e(b)s(e)i(at)g(least)f(one)i(hadron{hadron)e(in)m |
| | 31425 | (teraction;)472 3774 y(for)36 b Fq(MSTP\(133\)=2)j Fw(the)e(probabilit) |
| | 31426 | m(y)d(that)i(a)g(b)s(eam)g(crossing)g(will)e(pro)s(duce)j(a)f(pile-up) |
| | 31427 | 472 3882 y(ev)m(en)m(t)f(with)d(one)h(hadron{hadron)f(in)m(teraction)g |
| | 31428 | (of)g(the)h(desired)g(rare)g(t)m(yp)s(e.)0 4156 y Fp(9.5)135 |
| | 31429 | b(Ho)l(w)46 b(to)f(include)g(external)h(pro)t(cesses)g(in)f(PYTHIA)0 |
| | 31430 | 4328 y Fw(Despite)f(a)f(large)g(rep)s(ertory)h(of)g(pro)s(cesses)i(in)d |
| | 31431 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)k(the)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(missing)e(ones)i |
| | 31432 | (clearly)0 4437 y(is)g(ev)m(en)i(larger,)f(and)g(with)f(time)e(this)i |
| | 31433 | (discrepancy)i(is)d(lik)m(ely)g(to)h(increase.)79 b(There)46 |
| | 31434 | b(are)e(sev)m(eral)0 4545 y(reasons)30 b(wh)m(y)h(it)e(is)g(not)g |
| | 31435 | (practicable)g(to)g(imagine)e(a)j Fm(Pythia)f Fw(whic)m(h)h(has)g(`ev)m |
| | 31436 | (erything'.)44 b(One)30 b(is)f(the)0 4653 y(amoun)m(t)j(of)h(time)e(it) |
| | 31437 | h(tak)m(es)i(to)e(implemen)m(t)f(a)i(pro)s(cess)h(for)e(the)h(single)f |
| | 31438 | Fm(Pythia)h Fw(author,)g(compared)0 4762 y(with)k(the)g(rate)g(of)g |
| | 31439 | (new)h(cross)g(section)f(results)h(pro)s(duced)g(b)m(y)g(the)f(rather)h |
| | 31440 | (larger)e(matrix-elemen)m(t)0 4870 y(calculations)46 |
| | 31441 | b(comm)m(unit)m(y)-8 b(.)88 b(Another)48 b(is)f(the)h(length)f(of)h |
| | 31442 | (curren)m(tly)g(pro)s(duced)h(matrix-elemen)m(t)0 4979 |
| | 31443 | y(expressions,)27 b(whic)m(h)e(w)m(ould)e(mak)m(e)h(the)g(program)e(v)m |
| | 31444 | (ery)k(bulky)-8 b(.)40 b(A)24 b(third)f(argumen)m(t)g(is)h(that,)h |
| | 31445 | (whereas)0 5087 y(the)36 b(phase)h(space)h(of)d(2)f Fn(!)f |
| | 31446 | Fw(1)j(and)g(2)d Fn(!)g Fw(2)j(pro)s(cesses)i(can)e(b)s(e)h(set)f(up)h |
| | 31447 | (once)f(and)h(for)e(all)f(according)0 5195 y(to)f(a)g(reasonably)h |
| | 31448 | (\015exible)f(mac)m(hinery)-8 b(,)34 b(pro)s(cesses)h(with)e(more)g |
| | 31449 | (\014nal-state)g(particles)f(are)i(less)f(easy)0 5304 |
| | 31450 | y(to)k(generate.)60 b(T)-8 b(o)37 b(ac)m(hiev)m(e)i(a)f(reasonable)f |
| | 31451 | (e\016ciency)-8 b(,)40 b(it)d(is)g(necessary)j(to)e(tailor)d(the)j |
| | 31452 | (phase-space)0 5412 y(selection)29 b(pro)s(cedure)g(to)g(the)g |
| | 31453 | (dynamics)g(of)g(the)g(giv)m(en)g(pro)s(cess,)i(and)e(to)g(the)g |
| | 31454 | (desired)g(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)0 5520 y(cuts.)146 5629 |
| | 31455 | y(If)36 b(the)g(desired)h(subpro)s(cess)h(is)d(missing,)g(it)g(can)i(b) |
| | 31456 | s(e)f(included)f(in)m(to)g Fm(Pythia)h Fw(as)g(an)g(`external')1817 |
| | 31457 | 5953 y(168)p eop |
| | 31458 | %%Page: 169 175 |
| | 31459 | 169 174 bop 0 -18 a Fw(subpro)s(cess.)44 b(In)29 b(this)g(section)g(w)m |
| | 31460 | (e)g(will)e(describ)s(e)i(ho)m(w)g(it)f(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)h(sp)s |
| | 31461 | (ecify)g(the)g(partonic)f(state)0 90 y(of)42 b(some)g(hard-scattering)g |
| | 31462 | (pro)s(cess)i(in)d(an)i(in)m(terface)f(common)f(blo)s(c)m(k.)73 |
| | 31463 | b Fm(Pythia)43 b Fw(will)d(read)j(this)0 198 y(common)35 |
| | 31464 | b(blo)s(c)m(k,)j(and)f(add)g(initial-)c(and)k(\014nal-state)f(sho)m(w)m |
| | 31465 | (ers,)k(b)s(eam)c(remnan)m(ts)h(and)g(underlying)0 307 |
| | 31466 | y(ev)m(en)m(ts,)g(fragmen)m(tation)31 b(and)j(deca)m(ys,)i(to)e(build)e |
| | 31467 | (up)i(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(in)d(as)h(m)m(uc)m(h)g(detail)e(as)i(an)g |
| | 31468 | (ordinary)0 415 y Fm(Pythia)41 b Fw(one.)68 b(Y)-8 b(ou)41 |
| | 31469 | b(ma)m(y)g(also)f(use)h Fm(Pythia)g Fw(to)g(mix)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(of)d |
| | 31470 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(kinds,)i(and)e(to)g(k)m(eep)0 523 y(trac)m(k)28 |
| | 31471 | b(of)f(cross)i(section)e(statistics.)41 b(Y)-8 b(ou)28 |
| | 31472 | b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)e(pro)m(vide)g(the)h(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts,)j(the)f |
| | 31473 | (phase-space)0 632 y(generator,)33 b(and)f(the)h(storage)g(of)f(ev)m |
| | 31474 | (en)m(t)i(information)c(in)i(the)h(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k.)146 |
| | 31475 | 740 y(First)j(a)g(minor)f(commen)m(t,)i(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)52 |
| | 31476 | b(Some)35 b(pro)s(cesses)h(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(seen)h(just)f(as)g(trivial) |
| | 31477 | d(mo)s(di\014-)0 848 y(cations)k(of)g(already)g(existing)f(ones.)56 |
| | 31478 | b(F)-8 b(or)35 b(instance,)j(y)m(ou)f(migh)m(t)e(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)f(add) |
| | 31479 | g(some)g(extra)h(term,)0 957 y(corresp)s(onding)27 b(to)h(con)m(tact)g |
| | 31480 | (in)m(teractions,)g(to)f(the)h(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)h(of)g(a)h |
| | 31481 | Fm(Pythia)f Fw(2)h Fn(!)f Fw(2)g(pro)s(cess.)0 1065 y(In)35 |
| | 31482 | b(that)f(case)i(it)d(is)h(not)h(necessary)i(to)d(go)g(through)g(the)h |
| | 31483 | (mac)m(hinery)g(b)s(elo)m(w,)g(but)f(instead)h(y)m(ou)g(can)0 |
| | 31484 | 1173 y(use)42 b(the)f Fq(PYEVWT)h Fw(routine)e(to)h(in)m(tro)s(duce)f |
| | 31485 | (an)h(additional)d(w)m(eigh)m(t)j(for)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)k(de\014ned) |
| | 31486 | d(as)f(the)0 1282 y(ratio)35 b(of)g(the)i(mo)s(di\014ed)e(to)g(the)i |
| | 31487 | (unmo)s(di\014ed)e(di\013eren)m(tial)f(cross)j(sections.)55 |
| | 31488 | b(If)36 b(y)m(ou)h(use)g(the)g(option)0 1390 y Fq(MSTP\(142\)=2)p |
| | 31489 | Fw(,)h(this)d(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(is)f(considered)i(as)f(part)g(of)f(the)h |
| | 31490 | (`true')h(cross)g(section)f(of)f(the)h(pro)s(cess,)0 |
| | 31491 | 1498 y(and)e(the)g(generation)f(is)g(c)m(hanged)h(accordingly)-8 |
| | 31492 | b(.)146 1607 y(The)34 b(more)e(generic)g(facilit)m(y)f(for)h(including) |
| | 31493 | f(an)h(external)h(pro)s(cess)h(is)e(a)g(bit)g(more)g(complicated,)0 |
| | 31494 | 1715 y(and)k(in)m(v)m(olv)m(es)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(routines)f(and)g(one)g |
| | 31495 | (common)e(blo)s(c)m(k.)53 b(All)34 b(names)i(con)m(tain)f |
| | 31496 | Fq(UP)p Fw(,)i(whic)m(h)f(is)f(short)0 1823 y(for)d(User)h(Pro)s(cess.) |
| | 31497 | 146 1932 y(If)43 b(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)f(to)g(include)f(a)g(new)i(pro)s |
| | 31498 | (cess,)j(\014rst)c(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(pic)m(k)g(an)g(un)m(used) |
| | 31499 | h(subpro)s(cess)0 2040 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)28 b(ISUB)h(\(see)g(tables)f |
| | 31500 | (in)f(section)i(8.1\).)41 b(F)-8 b(or)27 b(instance,)j(the)e(n)m(um)m |
| | 31501 | (b)s(ers)h(191{200)e(are)h(curren)m(tly)0 2148 y(un)m(used,)k(so)d |
| | 31502 | (this)g(migh)m(t)f(b)s(e)i(a)f(logical)d(place)j(to)g(put)h(a)f(new)h |
| | 31503 | (pro)s(cess.)44 b(This)29 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(and)f(the)h(`title')0 |
| | 31504 | 2257 y(of)35 b(the)g(pro)s(cess)i(\(plus)e Fq(SIGMAX)p |
| | 31505 | Fw(,)i(to)e(b)s(e)g(describ)s(ed)h(b)s(elo)m(w\))f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(b) |
| | 31506 | s(e)g(giv)m(en)h(in)e(to)h Fm(Pythia)g Fw(in)g(a)0 2365 |
| | 31507 | y(subroutine)e(call)p 0 2490 1697 9 v 0 2715 9 225 v |
| | 31508 | 79 2630 a Fq(CALL)52 b(PYUPIN\(ISUB,TITLE,SIGMA)q(X\))p |
| | 31509 | 1688 2715 V 0 2723 1697 9 v 0 2909 a Fw(b)s(efore)29 |
| | 31510 | b(the)g(call)e(to)h Fq(PYINIT)p Fw(.)i(The)g Fq(TITLE)g |
| | 31511 | Fw(can)f(b)s(e)g(an)m(y)g(c)m(haracter)h(string)e(up)h(to)f(28)g(c)m |
| | 31512 | (haracters,)j(e.g.)308 3081 y Fq(CALL)52 b(PYUPIN\(191,'g)j(+)c(g)h(->) |
| | 31513 | g(t)f(+)h(tbar)g(+)f(gamma',SIGMAX\))0 3253 y Fw(The)35 |
| | 31514 | b(call)e(to)h Fq(PYUPIN)i Fw(tells)d(the)i(program)e(that)h(a)g(pro)s |
| | 31515 | (cess)i(ISUB)f(exists,)g(but)g(not)f(that)h(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)0 |
| | 31516 | 3362 y(to)i(generate)g(it.)56 b(This)37 b(is)f(done,)j(as)e(with)f |
| | 31517 | (normal)f(pro)s(cesses,)41 b(b)m(y)c(setting)h Fq(MSUB\(ISUB\)=1)i |
| | 31518 | Fw(b)s(efore)0 3470 y(the)33 b Fq(PYINIT)h Fw(call.)146 |
| | 31519 | 3578 y(Once)e(the)f(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generation)e(c)m(hain)g(has)h(b)s |
| | 31520 | (een)h(started)f(and)g Fq(PYEVNT)h Fw(is)e(called)f(to)h(generate)i(an) |
| | 31521 | 0 3687 y(ev)m(en)m(t,)h(this)d(routine)g(ma)m(y)g(in)g(its)f(turn)i |
| | 31522 | (call)e(the)i(routine)f Fq(PYUPEV)p Fw(,)i(whic)m(h)f(is)f(the)g |
| | 31523 | (routine)g(y)m(ou)h(m)m(ust)0 3795 y(supply)-8 b(,)31 |
| | 31524 | b(in)f(whic)m(h)h(the)f(next)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)c(selected.)44 |
| | 31525 | b(\(A)30 b(dumm)m(y)g(cop)m(y)i(of)k Fq(PYUPEV)c Fw(has)f(b)s(een)g |
| | 31526 | (included)0 3903 y(at)c(the)g(end)h(of)33 b Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 31527 | Fw(;)c(dep)s(ending)e(on)g(the)g(mac)m(hine)g(y)m(ou)g(ma)m(y)g(ha)m(v) |
| | 31528 | m(e)h(to)f(commen)m(t)f(out)h(this)f(cop)m(y)0 4012 y(when)34 |
| | 31529 | b(y)m(ou)f(link)e(y)m(our)j(o)m(wn.\))44 b(The)33 b(call)e(argumen)m |
| | 31530 | (ts)i(are)p 0 4161 1338 9 v 0 4386 9 225 v 79 4301 a |
| | 31531 | Fq(CALL)52 b(PYUPEV\(ISUB,SIGEV\))p 1329 4386 V 0 4394 |
| | 31532 | 1338 9 v 0 4586 a Fw(where)33 b Fq(ISUB)g Fw(is)e(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)h |
| | 31533 | Fq(PYEVNT)p Fw(,)h(while)d Fq(SIGEV)h Fw(is)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(calculated)f |
| | 31534 | (\(see)h(b)s(elo)m(w\))g(and)f(returned)0 4694 y(to)36 |
| | 31535 | b Fq(PYEVNT)p Fw(.)i(If)e(there)h(is)f(only)f(one)i(user-de\014ned)h |
| | 31536 | (pro)s(cess,)g(then)f(the)g Fq(ISUB)g Fw(input)f(is)g(sup)s |
| | 31537 | (er\015uous;)0 4803 y(otherwise)d(it)f(is)g(necessary)j(to)d(branc)m(h) |
| | 31538 | h(to)g(the)g(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)32 b(pro)s(cess.)146 4911 |
| | 31539 | y(The)43 b Fq(SIGEV)h Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(is)i(supp)s(osed)i(to)d |
| | 31540 | (giv)m(e)i(the)f(di\013eren)m(tial)e(cross)k(section)e(ot)g(the)g |
| | 31541 | (curren)m(t)0 5019 y(ev)m(en)m(t,)53 b(times)46 b(the)h(phase-space)i |
| | 31542 | (v)m(olume)e(within)f(whic)m(h)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(are)d(generated,)k |
| | 31543 | (expressed)f(in)0 5128 y(millibarns.)36 b(This)23 b(means)f(that,)i(in) |
| | 31544 | e(the)h(limit)18 b(that)k(man)m(y)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(are)f(generated,)i |
| | 31545 | (the)e(a)m(v)m(erage)g(v)-5 b(alue)0 5236 y(of)34 b Fq(SIGEV)c |
| | 31546 | Fw(giv)m(es)e(the)h(total)d(cross)j(section)f(of)g(the)g(sim)m(ulated)f |
| | 31547 | (pro)s(cess.)43 b(The)29 b Fq(SIGMAX)g Fw(v)-5 b(alue,)29 |
| | 31548 | b(handed)0 5344 y(to)d Fm(Pythia)g Fw(in)g(the)h Fq(PYUPIN)g |
| | 31549 | Fw(call,)f(is)g(assumed)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(the)f(maxim)m(um)e(v)-5 |
| | 31550 | b(alue)26 b(that)g Fq(SIGEV)i Fw(will)c(reac)m(h.)0 5453 |
| | 31551 | y(Ev)m(en)m(ts)39 b(will)c(b)s(e)i(accepted)i(with)d(a)h(probabilit)m |
| | 31552 | (y)f Fq(SIGEV/SIGMAX)p Fw(,)41 b(i.e.)56 b(the)37 b |
| | 31553 | (acceptance/rejection)0 5561 y(of)c(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(according)d(to)g |
| | 31554 | (di\013eren)m(tial)e(cross)k(section)e(is)g(done)h(b)m(y)i |
| | 31555 | Fq(PYEVNT)p Fw(,)f(not)e(b)m(y)h(the)g(user.)47 b(This)0 |
| | 31556 | 5669 y(means)36 b(that)h(the)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(that)d(come)g(out)h(in)e |
| | 31557 | (the)i(end)g(all)d(ha)m(v)m(e)k(unit)e(w)m(eigh)m(t,)i(i.e.)54 |
| | 31558 | b(the)37 b(user)g(do)s(es)1817 5953 y(169)p eop |
| | 31559 | %%Page: 170 176 |
| | 31560 | 170 175 bop 0 -18 a Fw(not)30 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)d(w)m(orry)i(ab)s(out)f |
| | 31561 | (ev)m(en)m(ts)i(with)e(di\013eren)m(t)h(w)m(eigh)m(ts.)43 |
| | 31562 | b(It)30 b(also)g(allo)m(ws)f(sev)m(eral)i(subpro)s(cesses)0 |
| | 31563 | 90 y(to)h(b)s(e)h(generated)g(together,)g(in)f(the)h(prop)s(er)g |
| | 31564 | (mixture.)146 198 y(Of)48 b(course,)53 b(the)48 b(tric)m(ky)h(part)e |
| | 31565 | (is)h(that)g(the)g(di\013eren)m(tial)e(cross)j(section)f(usually)f(is)h |
| | 31566 | (strongly)0 307 y(p)s(eak)m(ed)30 b(in)e(a)g(few)h(regions)g(of)f(the)h |
| | 31567 | (phase)g(space,)i(suc)m(h)f(that)e(the)h(a)m(v)m(erage)h(probabilit)m |
| | 31568 | (y)d(to)h(accept)i(an)0 415 y(ev)m(en)m(t,)35 b Fn(h)p |
| | 31569 | Fq(SIGEV)p Fn(i)p Fj(=)p Fq(SIGMAX)g Fw(is)d(small.)42 |
| | 31570 | b(It)33 b(ma)m(y)g(then)g(b)s(e)g(necessary)i(to)e(\014nd)g(a)g |
| | 31571 | (suitable)f(set)h(of)g(trans-)0 523 y(formed)41 b(phase-space)i(co)s |
| | 31572 | (ordinates,)g(for)e(whic)m(h)h(the)f(corresp)s(ondingly)g(transformed)g |
| | 31573 | (di\013eren)m(tial)0 632 y(cross)34 b(section)e(is)g(b)s(etter)h(b)s |
| | 31574 | (eha)m(v)m(ed.)146 740 y(T)-8 b(o)33 b(a)m(v)m(oid)g(unclarities,)f |
| | 31575 | (here)h(is)g(a)f(more)h(formal)d(v)m(ersion)k(of)e(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 31576 | (ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(paragraphs.)44 b(Call)0 848 y(d)p Fj(X)32 |
| | 31577 | b Fw(the)25 b(di\013eren)m(tial)e(phase)j(space,)h(e.g.)41 |
| | 31578 | b(for)24 b(a)g(2)k Fn(!)f Fw(2)d(pro)s(cess)i(d)p Fj(X)35 |
| | 31579 | b Fw(=)28 b(d)p Fj(x)2745 863 y Fl(1)2802 848 y Fw(d)p |
| | 31580 | Fj(x)2911 863 y Fl(2)2967 848 y Fw(d)3022 830 y(^)3021 |
| | 31581 | 848 y Fj(t)q Fw(,)e(where)g Fj(x)3439 863 y Fl(1)3503 |
| | 31582 | 848 y Fw(and)f Fj(x)3740 863 y Fl(2)0 957 y Fw(are)33 |
| | 31583 | b(the)h(momen)m(tum)d(fractions)h(carried)h(b)m(y)h(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 31584 | (incoming)d(partons)i(and)3021 938 y(^)3019 957 y Fj(t)h |
| | 31585 | Fw(the)f(Mandelstam)0 1065 y(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b(of)i(the)g |
| | 31586 | (scattering.)41 b(Call)26 b(d)p Fj(\033)t(=)p Fw(d)p |
| | 31587 | Fj(X)35 b Fw(the)27 b(di\013eren)m(tial)e(cross)j(section)f(of)f(the)i |
| | 31588 | (pro)s(cess,)h(e.g.)42 b(for)0 1186 y(2)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(2:)40 |
| | 31589 | b(d)p Fj(\033)t(=)p Fw(d)p Fj(X)c Fw(=)756 1119 y Fg(P)844 |
| | 31590 | 1206 y Fh(ij)921 1186 y Fj(f)969 1201 y Fh(i)997 1186 |
| | 31591 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1090 1201 y Fl(1)1130 1186 y Fj(;)17 b(Q)1251 |
| | 31592 | 1150 y Fl(2)1290 1186 y Fw(\))g Fj(f)1393 1201 y Fh(j)1430 |
| | 31593 | 1186 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1523 1201 y Fl(2)1562 1186 y Fj(;)g(Q)1683 |
| | 31594 | 1150 y Fl(2)1723 1186 y Fw(\))g(d)5 b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)1887 |
| | 31595 | 1201 y Fh(ij)1948 1186 y Fj(=)p Fw(d)2052 1167 y(^)2051 |
| | 31596 | 1186 y Fj(t)p Fw(,)28 b(i.e.)41 b(the)27 b(pro)s(duct)f(of)h(parton)f |
| | 31597 | (distributions)0 1294 y(and)31 b(hard-scattering)g(matrix)f(elemen)m |
| | 31598 | (ts,)i(summed)f(o)m(v)m(er)i(all)c(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(incoming)e(\015a)m |
| | 31599 | (v)m(ours)j Fj(i)g Fw(and)f Fj(j)6 b Fw(.)0 1402 y(The)37 |
| | 31600 | b(ph)m(ysical)e(cross)i(section)e(that)h(one)g(then)g(w)m(an)m(ts)h(to) |
| | 31601 | e(generate)h(is)f Fj(\033)i Fw(=)2871 1331 y Fg(R)2926 |
| | 31602 | 1402 y Fw(\(d)p Fj(\033)t(=)p Fw(d)p Fj(X)8 b Fw(\))17 |
| | 31603 | b(d)p Fj(X)8 b Fw(,)36 b(where)0 1511 y(the)46 b(in)m(tegral)f(is)g(o)m |
| | 31604 | (v)m(er)i(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(phase-space)i(v)m(olume.)84 |
| | 31605 | b(The)46 b(ev)m(en)m(t)i(generation)e(pro)s(cedure)0 |
| | 31606 | 1619 y(consists)30 b(of)f(selecting)g(an)g Fj(X)37 b |
| | 31607 | Fw(uniformly)27 b(in)h(d)p Fj(X)38 b Fw(and)29 b(then)h(ev)-5 |
| | 31608 | b(aluating)27 b(the)j(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(d)p Fj(\033)t(=)p |
| | 31609 | Fw(d)p Fj(X)37 b Fw(at)29 b(this)0 1727 y(p)s(oin)m(t.)42 |
| | 31610 | b Fq(SIGEV)34 b Fw(is)d(no)m(w)i(simply)e Fq(SIGEV)p |
| | 31611 | Fw(=)e(d)p Fj(\033)t(=)p Fw(d)p Fj(X)1891 1656 y Fg(R)1963 |
| | 31612 | 1727 y Fw(d)p Fj(X)8 b Fw(,)32 b(i.e.)43 b(the)32 b(di\013eren)m(tial)f |
| | 31613 | (cross)h(section)g(times)0 1836 y(the)k(considered)h(v)m(olume)e(of)h |
| | 31614 | (phase)g(space.)55 b(Clearly)-8 b(,)35 b(when)i(a)m(v)m(eraged)g(o)m(v) |
| | 31615 | m(er)g(man)m(y)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j Fq(SIGEV)0 1944 y Fw(will)33 |
| | 31616 | b(correctly)j(estimate)f(the)g(desired)i(cross)f(section.)52 |
| | 31617 | b(If)43 b Fq(SIGEV)37 b Fw(\015uctuates)f(to)s(o)f(m)m(uc)m(h,)i(one)f |
| | 31618 | (ma)m(y)0 2052 y(try)41 b(to)e(transform)h(to)g(new)h(v)-5 |
| | 31619 | b(ariables)39 b Fj(X)1586 2016 y Fk(0)1609 2052 y Fw(,)j(where)g(ev)m |
| | 31620 | (en)m(ts)g(are)f(no)m(w)g(pic)m(k)m(ed)g(accordingly)e(to)h(d)p |
| | 31621 | Fj(X)3756 2016 y Fk(0)0 2161 y Fw(and)33 b Fq(SIGEV)p |
| | 31622 | Fw(=)c(d)p Fj(\033)t(=)p Fw(d)p Fj(X)855 2125 y Fk(0)911 |
| | 31623 | 2090 y Fg(R)983 2161 y Fw(d)p Fj(X)1126 2125 y Fk(0)1149 |
| | 31624 | 2161 y Fw(.)146 2269 y(A)d(w)m(arning.)41 b(It)26 b(is)g(imp)s(ortan)m |
| | 31625 | (t)e(that)i Fj(X)33 b Fw(is)26 b(indeed)g(uniformly)e(pic)m(k)m(ed)j |
| | 31626 | (within)e(the)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(phase)0 2377 y(space,)34 |
| | 31627 | b(alternativ)m(ely)e(that)h(an)m(y)g(Jacobians)g(are)g(prop)s(erly)g |
| | 31628 | (tak)m(en)h(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(instance,)h(in)0 |
| | 31629 | 2486 y(the)47 b(case)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)j(one)c(approac)m(h)h(w)m(ould)f |
| | 31630 | (b)s(e)g(to)g(pic)m(k)g Fj(x)2199 2501 y Fl(1)2239 2486 |
| | 31631 | y Fw(,)k Fj(x)2371 2501 y Fl(2)2457 2486 y Fw(and)2661 |
| | 31632 | 2467 y(^)2660 2486 y Fj(t)c Fw(uniformly)e(in)h(the)i(ranges)0 |
| | 31633 | 2594 y(0)34 b Fj(<)g(x)248 2609 y Fl(1)322 2594 y Fj(<)g |
| | 31634 | Fw(1,)j(0)d Fj(<)g(x)793 2609 y Fl(2)867 2594 y Fj(<)g |
| | 31635 | Fw(1,)k(and)e Fn(\000)p Fj(s)f(<)1553 2576 y Fw(^)1552 |
| | 31636 | 2594 y Fj(t)f(<)g Fw(0,)j(with)f(full)f(phase)i(space)h(v)m(olume)3124 |
| | 31637 | 2523 y Fg(R)3196 2594 y Fw(d)p Fj(X)43 b Fw(=)34 b Fj(s)p |
| | 31638 | Fw(.)55 b(The)0 2711 y(cross)32 b(section)f(w)m(ould)g(only)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 31639 | (non-v)-5 b(anishing)30 b(inside)g(the)h(ph)m(ysical)g(region)f(giv)m |
| | 31640 | (en)h(b)m(y)h Fn(\000)p Fj(sx)3478 2726 y Fl(1)3518 2711 |
| | 31641 | y Fj(x)3573 2726 y Fl(2)3641 2711 y Fj(<)3746 2693 y |
| | 31642 | Fw(^)3744 2711 y Fj(t)0 2820 y Fw(\(in)c(the)h(massless)g(case\),)h |
| | 31643 | (i.e.)41 b(Mon)m(te)30 b(Carlo)d(e\016ciency)j(is)e(lik)m(ely)g(to)g(b) |
| | 31644 | s(e)h(lo)m(w.)41 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)32 b(if)27 b(one)i(w)m(ere)0 |
| | 31645 | 2940 y(to)34 b(c)m(ho)s(ose)433 2922 y(^)431 2940 y Fj(t)h |
| | 31646 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(only)h(in)f(the)i(range)e Fn(\000)t |
| | 31647 | Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)31 b(<)1820 2922 y Fw(^)1819 2940 y Fj(t)f(<)g |
| | 31648 | Fw(0,)k(small)i(^)-53 b Fj(s)34 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues)34 |
| | 31649 | b(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)i(fa)m(v)m(oured,)g(since)0 3049 y(the)30 |
| | 31650 | b(densit)m(y)g(of)f(selected)968 3030 y(^)967 3049 y |
| | 31651 | Fj(t)h Fw(v)-5 b(alues)29 b(w)m(ould)h(b)s(e)f(larger)g(there.)43 |
| | 31652 | b(Without)29 b(the)h(use)g(of)f(a)g(comp)s(ensating)0 |
| | 31653 | 3157 y(Jacobian)38 b(^)-53 b Fj(s=s)p Fw(,)34 b(an)h(incorrect)f(answ)m |
| | 31654 | (er)i(w)m(ould)e(b)s(e)h(obtained.)48 b(Alternativ)m(ely)-8 |
| | 31655 | b(,)34 b(one)h(could)f(start)h(out)0 3286 y(with)e(a)g(phase)h(space)h |
| | 31656 | (lik)m(e)e(d)p Fj(X)k Fw(=)29 b(d)p Fj(x)1405 3301 y |
| | 31657 | Fl(1)1461 3286 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)1570 3301 y Fl(2)1627 3286 |
| | 31658 | y Fw(d\(cos)1874 3259 y(^)1866 3286 y Fj(\022)s Fw(\),)34 |
| | 31659 | b(where)h(the)f(limits)c(decouple.)46 b(Of)33 b(course,)i(the)0 |
| | 31660 | 3414 y(cos)155 3388 y(^)147 3414 y Fj(\022)42 b Fw(v)-5 |
| | 31661 | b(ariable)37 b(can)i(b)s(e)g(translated)f(bac)m(k)i(in)m(to)e(a)1924 |
| | 31662 | 3396 y(^)1923 3414 y Fj(t)p Fw(,)i(whic)m(h)g(will)c(then)j(alw)m(a)m |
| | 31663 | (ys)h(b)s(e)f(in)f(the)h(desired)0 3523 y(range)33 b |
| | 31664 | Fn(\000)t Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)28 b(<)522 3504 y Fw(^)520 |
| | 31665 | 3523 y Fj(t)g(<)g Fw(0.)43 b(The)33 b(transformation)e(itself)g(here)i |
| | 31666 | (giv)m(es)g(the)g(necessary)i(Jacobian.)146 3631 y(If)g(y)m(ou)h(do)f |
| | 31667 | (not)g(kno)m(w)h(ho)m(w)g(big)g Fq(SIGMAX)g Fw(is,)g(y)m(ou)g(can)f |
| | 31668 | (put)g(it)g(to)f(some)h(v)m(ery)i(small)c(v)-5 b(alue)34 |
| | 31669 | b(\(but)0 3739 y(larger)41 b(than)h(zero,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er\))g(and)d |
| | 31670 | (do)g(an)g(exploratory)g(run.)73 b(When)43 b(the)g(program)d(encoun)m |
| | 31671 | (ters)0 3848 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(with)d Fq(SIGEV)p Fj(>)p |
| | 31672 | Fq(SIGMAX)p Fw(,)k(a)c(w)m(arning)h(message)g(is)f(prin)m(ted,)i(whic)m |
| | 31673 | (h)g(giv)m(es)f(the)g(new)i Fq(SIGMAX)0 3956 y Fw(that)30 |
| | 31674 | b(the)g(program)e(will)g(use)i(from)f(then)h(on.)43 b(Hop)s(efully)28 |
| | 31675 | b(suc)m(h)j(maxim)m(um)d(violations)f(only)j(app)s(ear)0 |
| | 31676 | 4065 y(at)k(the)g(b)s(eginning)f(of)h(the)g(run,)h(and)f(later)f |
| | 31677 | Fq(SIGMAX)j Fw(stabilizes)d(to)h(a)f(lev)m(el)h(that)g(can)g(then)h(b)s |
| | 31678 | (e)f(used)0 4173 y(as)f(input)f(for)g(a)g(second,)i(correct)f(run.)146 |
| | 31679 | 4281 y(If)i(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)f(do)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i |
| | 31680 | (rejection)e(y)m(ourself,)g(simply)f(put)h Fq(SIGEV)h |
| | 31681 | Fw(equal)e(to)h Fq(SIGMAX)p Fw(.)h(In)0 4390 y(that)c(case)i(ev)m(en)m |
| | 31682 | (ts)h(will)30 b(not)j(b)s(e)g(rejected)h(b)m(y)h Fm(Pythia)d |
| | 31683 | Fw(\(except)j(if)c(there)j(is)e(something)f(else)i(wrong)0 |
| | 31684 | 4498 y(with)e(them\).)43 b(If)38 b Fq(SIGMAX)33 b Fw(is)e(the)g |
| | 31685 | (correct)h(total)e(cross)i(section)g(of)f(the)h(pro)s(cess,)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 31686 | (t)i(mixing)29 b(with)0 4606 y(other)i(pro)s(cesses)j(will)29 |
| | 31687 | b(still)g(w)m(ork)j(\014ne.)43 b(Y)-8 b(ou)32 b(could)e(also)h(decide)g |
| | 31688 | (not)h(to)e(reject)i(an)m(y)g(ev)m(en)m(ts,)i(but)e(to)0 |
| | 31689 | 4715 y(use)25 b(w)m(eigh)m(ted)g(ones.)41 b(In)25 b(that)f(case)h(y)m |
| | 31690 | (ou)g(can)f(only)f(ha)m(v)m(e)j(one)e(ISUB)h(switc)m(hed)g(on)f(in)g(a) |
| | 31691 | f(run,)k(since)d(the)0 4823 y(program)30 b(will)e(not)j(kno)m(w)h(ho)m |
| | 31692 | (w)g(to)f(mix)e(di\013eren)m(t)j(kinds)f(of)g(ev)m(en)m(ts,)i(and)e(y)m |
| | 31693 | (ou)h(cannot)f(use)h Fm(Pythia)0 4931 y Fw(to)40 b(do)g(cross)i |
| | 31694 | (section)e(statistics)g(for)g(y)m(ou.)68 b(Therefore)42 |
| | 31695 | b(y)m(ou)f(could,)h(for)e(instance,)j(put)d Fq(SIGMAX)53 |
| | 31696 | b(=)0 5040 y(SIGEV)g(=)e(1)p Fw(,)30 b(and)f(use)h(a)f(common)f(blo)s |
| | 31697 | (c)m(k)g(to)h(transfer)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(w)m(eigh)m(t)f(and)f(other)g |
| | 31698 | (information)d(from)0 5148 y(y)m(our)33 b Fq(PYUPEV)h |
| | 31699 | Fw(routine)e(to)h(y)m(our)g(main)e(program.)146 5256 |
| | 31700 | y(In)36 b(addition)d(to)i(the)h Fq(SIGEV)h Fw(v)-5 b(alue)35 |
| | 31701 | b(returned)h(for)f(eac)m(h)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)i(it)c(is)h(also)f(necessary) |
| | 31702 | k(to)d(return)0 5365 y(the)e(ev)m(en)m(t)h(itself.)43 |
| | 31703 | b(This)32 b(is)g(done)i(via)d(the)i(common)f(blo)s(c)m(k)1817 |
| | 31704 | 5953 y(170)p eop |
| | 31705 | %%Page: 171 177 |
| | 31706 | 171 176 bop 0 -110 3440 9 v 0 115 9 225 v 79 30 a Fq |
| | 31707 | (COMMON/PYUPPR/NUP,KUP\(20)q(,7\),)q(PUP\()q(20,5)q(\),N)q(FUP,)q(IFUP) |
| | 31708 | q(\(10,)q(2\),)q(Q2UP)q(\(0:1)q(0\))p 3431 115 V 0 123 |
| | 31709 | 3440 9 v 146 309 a Fw(The)28 b(\014rst)g(part)f(closely)f(parallels)f |
| | 31710 | (the)j(standard)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record)f(in)e(the)h Fq(LUJETS)i |
| | 31711 | Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k,)0 417 y(see)39 b(section)e(5.2,)i(although)d |
| | 31712 | (with)h(a)h(few)g(simpli\014cations.)55 b(The)39 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f |
| | 31713 | Fq(NUP)g Fw(giv)m(es)g(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)0 526 y(of)e(particles)g |
| | 31714 | (in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed)i(in)e(the)h(pro)s(cess,)i(where)f(a)f(particle)e |
| | 31715 | (ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)g(a)f(quark,)j(a)e(lepton,)g(a)g(gauge)0 |
| | 31716 | 634 y(b)s(oson,)32 b(or)f(an)m(ything)h(else.)43 b(The)33 |
| | 31717 | b(\014rst)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(are)e(simply)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(incoming)e |
| | 31718 | (particles)h(that)g(initiate)0 742 y(the)k(hard)f(scattering,)h(while)e |
| | 31719 | (the)i(remaining)e Fq(NUP-2)j Fw(are)e(the)h(outgoing)d(particles)i |
| | 31720 | (from)f(the)h(hard)0 851 y(pro)s(cess.)45 b(F)-8 b(or)31 |
| | 31721 | b(eac)m(h)j(particle)d Fq(I)p Fw(,)i(with)f(1)c Fn(\024)p |
| | 31722 | Fq(I)p Fn(\024)p Fq(NUP)p Fw(,)34 b(the)f(follo)m(wing)d(information)g |
| | 31723 | (is)i(stored:)0 959 y Fq(KUP\(I,1\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(is)28 |
| | 31724 | b(=)g(1)g(normally)-8 b(.)40 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)32 b(if)27 |
| | 31725 | b(y)m(ou)i(put)g(it)e(=)i(2)f(that)g(signi\014es)g(in)m(termediate)g |
| | 31726 | (states)472 1067 y(that)f(are)g(not)g(to)f(b)s(e)i(treated)f(b)m(y)i |
| | 31727 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)f(but)g(are)f(included)f(only)h(to)f(mak)m(e)h(the)h |
| | 31728 | (ev)m(en)m(t)472 1176 y(record)34 b(easier)e(to)g(read.)0 |
| | 31729 | 1284 y Fq(KUP\(I,2\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(is)30 b(the)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(co) |
| | 31730 | s(de)g(of)f(a)g(particle,)f(i.e.)42 b(the)31 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(incoming)d |
| | 31731 | (partons)i(for)g Fq(I)g Fw(=)g(1)g(and)472 1393 y(2,)g(and)g(the)g |
| | 31732 | (outgoing)d(particles)i(for)g Fq(I)p Fn(\025)f Fw(3.)42 |
| | 31733 | b(The)31 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(co)s(des)g(are)f(the)h(standard)g(KF)472 |
| | 31734 | 1501 y(ones,)k(as)f(used)g(elsewhere)h(in)e(the)h(program.)0 |
| | 31735 | 1609 y Fq(KUP\(I,3\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(ma)m(y)41 b(b)s(e)g(used)h(to)e |
| | 31736 | (indicate)g(the)h(p)s(osition)e(of)i(a)f(mother.)68 b(Suc)m(h)42 |
| | 31737 | b(information)c(ma)m(y)472 1718 y(again)26 b(mak)m(e)i(the)f(record)h |
| | 31738 | (more)e(readable,)i(but)g(is)f(not)g(really)f(needed,)k(and)d(so)g(one) |
| | 31739 | h(ma)m(y)472 1826 y(w)m(ell)k(put)h(all)e Fq(KUP\(I,3\)=0)p |
| | 31740 | Fw(.)0 1934 y Fq(KUP\(I,4\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(for)33 b(a)g(\014nal-state)g |
| | 31741 | (parton)g(whic)m(h)h(carries)g(colour,)f Fq(KUP\(I,4\))i |
| | 31742 | Fw(giv)m(es)f(the)g(p)s(osition)e(of)472 2043 y(the)h(parton)g(from)e |
| | 31743 | (whic)m(h)i(the)g(colour)f(comes;)h(otherwise)g(it)e(m)m(ust)i(b)s(e)g |
| | 31744 | (0.)0 2151 y Fq(KUP\(I,5\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(for)34 b(a)h(\014nal-state)f |
| | 31745 | (parton)h(that)g(carries)f(an)m(ticolour,)g Fq(KUP\(I,5\))k |
| | 31746 | Fw(giv)m(es)d(the)g(p)s(osition)472 2259 y(of)e(the)g(parton)f(from)f |
| | 31747 | (whic)m(h)i(the)g(an)m(ticolour)e(comes;)i(else)g(it)e(m)m(ust)i(b)s(e) |
| | 31748 | g(0.)0 2368 y Fq(KUP\(I,6\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(for)28 b(an)h(initial-state) |
| | 31749 | c(parton)k(that)f(carries)h(colour,)g Fq(KUP\(I,6\))h |
| | 31750 | Fw(giv)m(es)g(the)f(p)s(osition)e(of)472 2476 y(the)33 |
| | 31751 | b(parton)g(to)f(whic)m(h)h(the)g(colour)f(go)s(es;)g(else)h(it)f(m)m |
| | 31752 | (ust)h(b)s(e)f(0.)0 2584 y Fq(KUP\(I,7\))53 b(:)48 b |
| | 31753 | Fw(for)36 b(an)g(initial-state)d(parton)j(whic)m(h)g(carries)h(an)m |
| | 31754 | (ticolour,)e Fq(KUP\(I,7\))k Fw(giv)m(es)e(the)f(p)s(o-)472 |
| | 31755 | 2693 y(sition)c(of)g(the)h(parton)f(to)g(whic)m(h)h(the)g(an)m |
| | 31756 | (ticolour)e(go)s(es;)i(else)g(it)e(m)m(ust)i(b)s(e)g(0.)0 |
| | 31757 | 2801 y Fq(PUP\(I,1\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(p)609 2816 y Fh(x)653 |
| | 31758 | 2801 y Fw(,)32 b(i.e.)43 b Fj(x)33 b Fw(momen)m(tum.)0 |
| | 31759 | 2909 y Fq(PUP\(I,2\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(p)609 2924 y Fh(y)650 |
| | 31760 | 2909 y Fw(,)33 b(i.e.)43 b Fj(y)36 b Fw(momen)m(tum.)0 |
| | 31761 | 3018 y Fq(PUP\(I,3\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(p)609 3033 y Fh(z)649 |
| | 31762 | 3018 y Fw(,)32 b(i.e.)43 b Fj(z)38 b Fw(momen)m(tum.)0 |
| | 31763 | 3126 y Fq(PUP\(I,4\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(E)6 b Fw(,)33 b(i.e.)43 |
| | 31764 | b(energy)-8 b(.)0 3234 y Fq(PUP\(I,5\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(m)p |
| | 31765 | Fw(,)33 b(i.e.)43 b(mass.)0 3343 y(After)33 b(this)f(brief)g(summary)-8 |
| | 31766 | b(,)32 b(w)m(e)h(pro)s(ceed)h(with)e(more)g(details)f(and)i(examples.) |
| | 31767 | 146 3451 y(T)-8 b(o)30 b(illustrate)d(the)i(issue)h(of)e(do)s(cumen)m |
| | 31768 | (tation)h(in)f Fq(KUP\(I,1\))j Fw(and)e Fq(KUP\(I,3\))p |
| | 31769 | Fw(,)k(consider)c(the)h(case)0 3559 y(of)g(W)210 3523 |
| | 31770 | y Fl(+)301 3559 y Fw(pro)s(duction)g(and)h(deca)m(y)i(to)d(u)p |
| | 31771 | 1424 3480 55 4 v(d)q(,)h(ma)m(yb)s(e)g(as)g(part)g(of)f(a)h(more)f |
| | 31772 | (complex)h(pro)s(cess.)44 b(The)32 b(\014nal-)0 3668 |
| | 31773 | y(state)e(particles)f(clearly)g(are)h(u)g(and)p 1365 |
| | 31774 | 3589 V 31 w(d,)g(so)g(the)h(W)1860 3632 y Fl(+)1949 3668 |
| | 31775 | y Fw(need)g(not)f(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en)g(at)g(all,)e(but)j(it)d(w)m(ould)i |
| | 31776 | (mak)m(e)0 3776 y(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(listing)c(easier)i(to)g(read.)43 |
| | 31777 | b(Therefore)31 b(one)f(should)g(add)g(the)h(W)2727 3740 |
| | 31778 | y Fl(+)2786 3776 y Fw(,)g(but)f(with)g Fq(KUP\(I,1\)=2)p |
| | 31779 | Fw(.)0 3884 y(\(If)39 b(the)h(W)418 3848 y Fl(+)516 3884 |
| | 31780 | y Fw(w)m(ould)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f(added)f(with)g |
| | 31781 | Fq(KUP\(I,1\)=1)p Fw(,)k(it)c(w)m(ould)g(later)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)g |
| | 31782 | (treated)0 3993 y(b)m(y)h Fm(Pythia)p Fw(/)p Fm(Jetset)p |
| | 31783 | Fw(,)f(whic)m(h)f(means)g(it)f(w)m(ould)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f(allo)m |
| | 31784 | (w)m(ed)e(to)g(deca)m(y)j(once)e(more.\))63 b(If)0 4112 |
| | 31785 | y(the)40 b(W)276 4076 y Fl(+)376 4112 y Fw(is)f(in)g(line)g(3,)i(the)g |
| | 31786 | (u)f(in)f(4)g(and)h(the)p 1762 4033 V 40 w(d)g(in)g(5,)h(one)f(could)g |
| | 31787 | (further)g(put)g Fq(KUP\(4,3\)=3)i Fw(and)0 4220 y Fq(KUP\(5,3\)=3)f |
| | 31788 | Fw(to)d(indicate)f(that)h(the)g(u)g(and)p 1728 4141 V |
| | 31789 | 39 w(d)g(in)f(lines)h(4)f(and)i(5)e(come)h(from)f(the)i(W)3302 |
| | 31790 | 4184 y Fl(+)3399 4220 y Fw(stored)g(in)0 4328 y(line)31 |
| | 31791 | b(3.)146 4437 y(The)26 b(switc)m(h)f Fq(MSTP\(128\))i |
| | 31792 | Fw(w)m(orks)e(in)f(the)h(same)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(for)e(user-de\014ned)i(pro) |
| | 31793 | s(cesses)h(as)d(for)g(ordinary)0 4545 y(ones,)29 b(i.e.)41 |
| | 31794 | b(deca)m(y)27 b(pro)s(ducts)h(of)e(resonances)i(can)f(optionally)d(b)s |
| | 31795 | (e)i(omitted)f(from)h(the)g(do)s(cumen)m(tation)0 4653 |
| | 31796 | y(section)48 b(of)f(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(record,)j(and)c(history)g(p)s |
| | 31797 | (oin)m(ters)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(set)g(sligh)m(tly)f(di\013eren)m(tly)-8 |
| | 31798 | b(.)89 b(The)0 4762 y(information)24 b(the)k(program)e(has)i(at)f(its)g |
| | 31799 | (disp)s(osal)f(for)h(this)g(purp)s(ose)h(is)f(in)g Fq(KUP\(I,3\))p |
| | 31800 | Fw(;)k(an)c(en)m(try)i(with)0 4870 y(this)j(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 31801 | b(non-zero)h(is)f(considered)h(as)g(a)f(resonance)i(deca)m(y)g(pro)s |
| | 31802 | (duct.)146 4978 y(The)k(colour-\015o)m(w)f(information)c(for)k |
| | 31803 | (coloured)g(particles)f(\(quarks,)j(gluons,)f(lepto)s(quarks,)h(.)16 |
| | 31804 | b(.)g(.)g(\))0 5087 y(is)26 b(needed)h(to)f(set)h(up)f(parton)g(sho)m |
| | 31805 | (w)m(ers)i(and)e(fragmen)m(tation)f(prop)s(erly)-8 b(.)40 |
| | 31806 | b(Sometimes)25 b(man)m(y)h(di\013eren)m(t)0 5195 y(colour)37 |
| | 31807 | b(\015o)m(ws)i(are)f(p)s(ossible)f(for)g(one)h(and)g(the)h(same)e(pro)s |
| | 31808 | (cess,)k(as)d(discussed)i(in)d(section)h(8.2.1.)58 b(It)0 |
| | 31809 | 5304 y(is)35 b(up)i(to)e(y)m(ou)i(whether)g(or)f(not)g(y)m(ou)g(will)e |
| | 31810 | (include)h(all)f(p)s(ossible)i(colour)f(\015o)m(ws)i(in)e(the)h |
| | 31811 | (appropriate)0 5412 y(mixture,)i(but)f(at)g(least)g(y)m(ou)h(m)m(ust)f |
| | 31812 | (pic)m(k)h(some)f(represen)m(tativ)m(e)i(colour)d(con\014guration.)57 |
| | 31813 | b(Consider)0 5520 y(e.g.)k(the)39 b(case)g(of)f(g\(1\))25 |
| | 31814 | b(+)h(g\(2\))37 b Fn(!)g Fw(q\(3\))26 b(+)p 1663 5467 |
| | 31815 | 52 4 v 26 w(q)q(\(4\),)39 b(where)h(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)g(giv)m(e)f |
| | 31816 | (the)h(p)s(osition)d(in)i(the)0 5629 y(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)41 |
| | 31817 | b(It)26 b(is)f(clear)f(the)i(q)g(m)m(ust)g(get)f(its)g(colour)g(from)f |
| | 31818 | (either)h(of)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(gluons,)g(whic)m(h)g(means)g(there) |
| | 31819 | 1817 5953 y(171)p eop |
| | 31820 | %%Page: 172 178 |
| | 31821 | 172 177 bop 0 -18 a Fw(are)28 b(\(at)g(least\))g(t)m(w)m(o)h(p)s |
| | 31822 | (ossibilities.)39 b(Pic)m(king)28 b(the)h(q)g(colour)e(to)h(come)g |
| | 31823 | (from)f(gluon)h(1,)h(one)f(w)m(ould)g(th)m(us)0 90 y(write)c |
| | 31824 | Fq(KUP\(3,4\)=1)p Fw(,)29 b(to)24 b(b)s(e)h(read)g(`the)g(colour)e(of)h |
| | 31825 | (parton)h(3)f(comes)g(from)g(parton)g(1'.)41 b(By)25 |
| | 31826 | b(implication)0 198 y(therefore)36 b(also)f Fq(KUP\(1,6\)=3)p |
| | 31827 | Fw(,)k(i.e.)52 b(`the)37 b(colour)d(of)h(parton)h(1)f(go)s(es)h(to)f |
| | 31828 | (parton)h(3',)g(i.e.)52 b(the)36 b(colour)0 307 y(\015o)m(w)j(is)f(b)s |
| | 31829 | (o)s(okk)m(ept)h(doubly)-8 b(.)61 b(The)40 b(an)m(ticolour)c(no)m(w)k |
| | 31830 | (m)m(ust)e(\015o)m(w)h(from)e(parton)i(2)f(to)g(parton)g(4,)i(i.e.)0 |
| | 31831 | 415 y Fq(KUP\(2,7\)=4)f Fw(and)e Fq(KUP\(4,5\)=2)p Fw(.)58 |
| | 31832 | b(This)37 b(completely)e(sp)s(eci\014es)j(the)f(colours)f(of)g(the)h(q) |
| | 31833 | g(and)p 3517 362 52 4 v 37 w(q)q(,)g(but)0 523 y(not)j(of)f(the)h(t)m |
| | 31834 | (w)m(o)h(gluons.)65 b(In)40 b(fact,)h(one)f(colour)f(in)g(the)i |
| | 31835 | (initial)36 b(state)k(`annihilates')e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(the)0 |
| | 31836 | 632 y(g\(1\))32 b(and)i(g\(2\),)e(i.e.)45 b(the)33 b(an)m(ticolour)f |
| | 31837 | (of)h(gluon)f(1)g(and)i(the)f(colour)f(of)h(gluon)f(2)h(matc)m(h,)g |
| | 31838 | (whic)m(h)h(ma)m(y)0 740 y(b)s(e)42 b(expressed)i(b)m(y)g |
| | 31839 | Fq(KUP\(1,7\)=2)g Fw(and)e Fq(KUP\(2,6\)=1)p Fw(.)73 |
| | 31840 | b(In)42 b(other)g(w)m(ords)h(colour/an)m(ticolour)38 |
| | 31841 | b(of)k(an)0 848 y(initial-state)23 b(parton)k(ma)m(y)g(either)g(go)g |
| | 31842 | (to)g(a)g(\014nal-state)f(parton)h(or)g(to)g(another)g(initial-state)d |
| | 31843 | (parton.)0 957 y(Corresp)s(ondingly)-8 b(,)39 b(the)f(colour/an)m |
| | 31844 | (ticolour)e(of)h(a)h(\014nal-state)f(parton)h(ma)m(y)f(come)h(either)g |
| | 31845 | (from)f(an)0 1065 y(initial-state)21 b(parton)j(or)h(from)e(another)i |
| | 31846 | (\014nal-state)f(parton.)40 b(An)25 b(example)g(of)f(the)h(latter)f(p)s |
| | 31847 | (ossibilit)m(y)0 1173 y(is)33 b(W)h(deca)m(ys,)i(or)c(generically)g |
| | 31848 | (the)i(deca)m(y)g(of)f(an)m(y)h(colour-singlet)c(particle.)44 |
| | 31849 | b(\(Th)m(us)35 b(a)e(third)f(colour)0 1282 y(\015o)m(w)k(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
| | 31850 | (e)h(is)e(represen)m(ted)j(b)m(y)f(gg)d Fn(!)f Fw(H)1585 |
| | 31851 | 1245 y Fl(0)1657 1282 y Fn(!)g Fw(q)p 1841 1229 V(q)q(,)j(where)h(no)f |
| | 31852 | (colour)f(passes)i(through)f(the)g(Higgs,)0 1390 y(and)31 |
| | 31853 | b(therefore)h(colour)e(\015o)m(ws)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)f(t)m(w)m(o) |
| | 31854 | f(gluons)g(and,)g(separately)-8 b(,)32 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)e(q)h |
| | 31855 | (and)p 3663 1337 V 31 w(q.\))146 1498 y(Storing)38 b(of)g(momen)m(ta)g |
| | 31856 | (should)h(b)s(e)f(straigh)m(tforw)m(ard,)i(but)f(a)g(few)g(commen)m(ts) |
| | 31857 | g(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(made.)0 1607 y(Ev)m(en)d(if)c(y)m(ou)j(ask,)g(in)e |
| | 31858 | (the)h Fq(PYINIT)i Fw(call,)d(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(ev)m(en)m(ts)i |
| | 31859 | (generated)d(in)g(a)f(\014xed)i(target)f(or)f(a)h(user-)0 |
| | 31860 | 1715 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)39 b(frame,)g(at)g(in)m(termediate)e(stages)i |
| | 31861 | Fm(Pythia)g Fw(will)d(still)g(w)m(ork)j(in)f(the)h(c.m.)61 |
| | 31862 | b(frame)37 b(of)h(the)0 1823 y(t)m(w)m(o)k(incoming)e(b)s(eam)h |
| | 31863 | (particles,)i(with)e(the)i(\014rst)f(b)s(eam)f(mo)m(ving)f(in)h(the)h |
| | 31864 | (+)p Fj(z)47 b Fw(direction)40 b(and)i(the)0 1932 y(second)c(in)d(the)i |
| | 31865 | Fn(\000)p Fj(z)42 b Fw(one.)56 b(This)36 b(c.m.)55 b(frame)36 |
| | 31866 | b(m)m(ust)g(also)g(b)s(e)h(used)g(when)h(giving)d(the)i(momen)m(ta)e |
| | 31867 | (of)0 2040 y(the)30 b(pro)s(cess.)43 b(In)30 b(addition,)e(the)i(t)m(w) |
| | 31868 | m(o)g(incoming)d(partons)i(in)g(lines)f(1)h(and)h(2)f(are)g(assumed)h |
| | 31869 | (massless.)0 2148 y(Therefore)h(the)g(initial-state)c(partons)j(are)g |
| | 31870 | (c)m(haracterized)h(only)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(energies)g |
| | 31871 | Fq(P\(1,4\))g Fw(and)0 2257 y Fq(P\(2,4\))p Fw(,)37 b(with)d |
| | 31872 | Fq(P\(1,3\))53 b(=)f(P\(1,4\))p Fw(,)37 b Fq(P\(2,3\))53 |
| | 31873 | b(=)e(-P\(2,4\))p Fw(,)37 b(and)e(ev)m(erything)h(else)f(is)f(zero.)51 |
| | 31874 | b(In)35 b(the)0 2365 y(\014nal)40 b(state,)k(energies,)g(momen)m(ta)c |
| | 31875 | (and)i(masses)g(are)f(free,)j(but)e(m)m(ust)f(add)g(up)h(to)f(giv)m(e)g |
| | 31876 | (the)h(same)0 2473 y(four-momen)m(tum)f(as)i(that)g(of)g(the)g(initial) |
| | 31877 | d(state.)75 b(All)41 b(momen)m(ta)h(are)i(giv)m(en)f(in)f(GeV,)h(with)g |
| | 31878 | (the)0 2582 y(sp)s(eed)34 b(of)e(ligh)m(t)f Fj(c)c Fw(=)h(1.)146 |
| | 31879 | 2690 y(The)47 b(second)g(part)f(of)f(the)i Fq(PYUPPR)g |
| | 31880 | Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)g(is)h(used)h(to)e(regulate)g(the)i(initial-)41 |
| | 31881 | b(and)0 2798 y(\014nal-state)32 b(sho)m(w)m(ering,)h(as)g(follo)m(ws:)0 |
| | 31882 | 2907 y Fq(Q2UP\(0\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(Q)586 2871 y Fl(2)658 |
| | 31883 | 2907 y Fw(scale)32 b(of)h(initial-state)28 b(sho)m(w)m(ers.)0 |
| | 31884 | 3015 y Fq(NFUP)52 b(:)165 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)33 b(of)g(parton)f |
| | 31885 | (pairs)g(that)g(undergo)h(\014nal-state)f(sho)m(w)m(ers.)0 |
| | 31886 | 3123 y Fq(IFUP\(IF,1\),)54 b(IFUP\(IF,2\))g(:)48 b Fw(p)s(ositions)29 |
| | 31887 | b(of)h(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(partons)g(of)f(a)g(\014nal-state)g(sho)m(w)m |
| | 31888 | (ering)h(pair,)472 3232 y(where)j(the)f(index)g Fq(IF)g |
| | 31889 | Fw(runs)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(1)d(and)h Fq(NFUP)p Fw(.)0 |
| | 31890 | 3340 y Fq(Q2UP\(IF\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(the)33 b Fj(Q)805 |
| | 31891 | 3304 y Fl(2)877 3340 y Fw(scale)g(of)f(the)h(\014nal-state)f(sho)m(w)m |
| | 31892 | (er)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(parton)d(pair)f Fq(IF)i Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)146 |
| | 31893 | 3448 y(If)38 b(y)m(ou)g(do)g(not)f(w)m(an)m(t)h(an)m(y)h(sho)m(w)m |
| | 31894 | (ering)f(at)f(all,)g(y)m(ou)h(can)g(put)g Fq(MSTP\(61\)=0)i |
| | 31895 | Fw(and)e Fq(MSTP\(71\)=0)p Fw(,)0 3557 y(and)g(then)g(y)m(ou)h(do)e |
| | 31896 | (not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)e(giv)m(e)h(the)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(quan)m |
| | 31897 | (tities.)58 b(In)38 b(general)f(the)i(scale)e(c)m(hoices)i |
| | 31898 | Fj(Q)3740 3521 y Fl(2)0 3665 y Fw(are)j(not)g(unique,)k(whic)m(h)c |
| | 31899 | (means)h(that)f(some)g(guessw)m(ork)i(is)e(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed.)73 |
| | 31900 | b(Since)42 b(the)h(sho)m(w)m(ers)h(add)0 3774 y(extra)37 |
| | 31901 | b(partonic)e(activit)m(y)h(at)g(mass)h(scales)g(b)s(elo)m(w)f(the)h |
| | 31902 | (men)m(tioned)f Fj(Q)2653 3737 y Fl(2)2729 3774 y Fw(c)m(hoices,)i(the) |
| | 31903 | f Fq(Q2UP)h Fw(should)0 3882 y(b)s(e)c(of)g(the)g(order)h(of)e(the)i |
| | 31904 | (phase-space)g(cut-o\013s,)g(so)f(as)h(to)e(pro)m(vide)i(a)e |
| | 31905 | (reasonably)h(smo)s(oth)g(joining)0 3990 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(partonic) |
| | 31906 | d(activit)m(y)g(from)g(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts)i(and)g(that)g(from)f(sho)m |
| | 31907 | (w)m(ers.)49 b(There)35 b(are)f(a)g(few)0 4099 y(cases)39 |
| | 31908 | b(where)f(c)m(hoices)g(are)f(rather)g(easy)-8 b(.)58 |
| | 31909 | b(In)38 b(the)f(deca)m(y)i(of)d(an)m(y)i Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)f |
| | 31910 | (colour)f(neutral)h(state,)0 4207 y(suc)m(h)h(as)e(a)g(W)533 |
| | 31911 | 4171 y Fk(\006)593 4207 y Fw(,)h(the)g Fj(Q)906 4171 |
| | 31912 | y Fl(2)982 4207 y Fw(scale)f(of)g(\014nal-state)f(sho)m(w)m(ers)k(is)d |
| | 31913 | (just)g(set)h(b)m(y)h(the)e(squared)i(mass)e(of)g(the)0 |
| | 31914 | 4315 y(resonance.)45 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(initial-state)d(radiation,)i |
| | 31915 | Fq(Q2UP\(0\))k Fw(should)e(b)s(e)g(ab)s(out)g(the)g(same)g(as)g(the)h |
| | 31916 | Fj(Q)3507 4279 y Fl(2)3578 4315 y Fw(scale)0 4424 y(used)h(for)e(the)h |
| | 31917 | (ev)-5 b(aluation)31 b(of)h(parton)h(distributions)e(for)h(the)h(hard)g |
| | 31918 | (pro)s(cess,)h(up)f(to)f(some)h(factor)f(of)0 4532 y(order)k(unit)m(y) |
| | 31919 | -8 b(.)55 b(\(One)36 b(frequen)m(t)i(c)m(hoice)e(for)g(this)g(factor)g |
| | 31920 | (w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(4,)h(if)e(y)m(our)i(parton-distribution)0 |
| | 31921 | 4640 y(scale)c(is)g(something)g(lik)m(e)f(the)i(squared)h(transv)m |
| | 31922 | (erse)g(momen)m(tum,)e(simply)f(b)s(ecause)i Fj(m)3273 |
| | 31923 | 4604 y Fl(2)3347 4640 y Fw(is)e(of)h(order)0 4749 y(4)p |
| | 31924 | Fj(p)98 4712 y Fl(2)98 4773 y Fk(?)157 4749 y Fw(.\))146 |
| | 31925 | 4857 y(The)44 b(`parton'-sho)m(w)m(er)f(ev)m(olution)e(actually)g(also) |
| | 31926 | h(can)g(include)g(photon)g(emission)f(o\013)h(quarks)0 |
| | 31927 | 4965 y(and)34 b(leptons,)f(if)g(the)h(sho)m(w)m(er)h(switc)m(hes)g(are) |
| | 31928 | e(prop)s(erly)h(set.)47 b(It)33 b(is)g(not)h(p)s(ossible)e(to)h |
| | 31929 | (de\014ne)i(only)e(one)0 5074 y(particle)i(in)g(the)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g |
| | 31930 | (arra)m(ys,)g(since)g(it)e(w)m(ould)h(then)h(not)f(b)s(e)g(p)s(ossible) |
| | 31931 | f(to)h(conserv)m(e)i(energy)f(and)0 5182 y(momen)m(tum)d(in)g(the)h |
| | 31932 | (sho)m(w)m(er.)52 b(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(can)g(v)m(ery)i(w)m(ell)d(ha)m(v)m |
| | 31933 | (e)i(a)f(pair)f(where)i(only)f(one)g(of)f(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)f(can)0 |
| | 31934 | 5290 y(branc)m(h,)43 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)67 b(F)-8 b(or)40 |
| | 31935 | b(instance,)i(in)d(a)g(g)q Fj(\015)45 b Fw(\014nal)39 |
| | 31936 | b(state,)k(only)c(the)h(gluon)f(can)h(sho)m(w)m(er,)k(but)c(the)0 |
| | 31937 | 5399 y(photon)g(can)g(lose)g(energy)h(to)f(the)g(gluon)f(in)g(suc)m(h)j |
| | 31938 | (a)d(w)m(a)m(y)i(that)f(the)h(gluon)e(branc)m(hings)h(b)s(ecomes)0 |
| | 31939 | 5507 y(p)s(ossible.)146 5615 y(Curren)m(tly)-8 b(,)25 |
| | 31940 | b(it)d(is)g(not)g(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(do)g(sho)m(w)m(ering)h(where)h |
| | 31941 | (three)f(or)f(more)g(\014nal-state)f(particles)g(are)1817 |
| | 31942 | 5953 y(172)p eop |
| | 31943 | %%Page: 173 179 |
| | 31944 | 173 178 bop 0 -18 a Fw(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed)27 b(at)f(the)h(same)f(time.) |
| | 31945 | 40 b(This)27 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(added)g(at)f(a)g(later)g(stage.)41 |
| | 31946 | b(It)27 b(is)f(therefore)h(necessary)i(to)0 90 y(sub)s(divide)34 |
| | 31947 | b(suitably)f(in)m(to)h(pairs,)f(and)i(ma)m(yb)s(e)f(lea)m(v)m(e)g(some) |
| | 31948 | g(\(esp)s(ecially)f(colour-neutral\))f(particles)0 198 |
| | 31949 | y(unsho)m(w)m(ered.)146 307 y(Y)-8 b(ou)43 b(are)g(free)g(to)g(mak)m(e) |
| | 31950 | g(use)h(of)e(whatev)m(er)j(to)s(ols)c(y)m(ou)j(w)m(an)m(t)f(in)g(y)m |
| | 31951 | (our)g Fq(PYUPEV)h Fw(routine,)h(and)0 415 y(normally)30 |
| | 31952 | b(there)i(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(no)g(con)m(tact)h(with)e(the)i(rest)f(of) |
| | 31953 | 39 b Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)32 b(except)i(as)e(describ)s(ed)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
| | 31954 | (e.)0 523 y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)c(y)m(ou)c(ma)m(y)f(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)f |
| | 31955 | (use)i(some)e(of)g(the)h(to)s(ols)e(already)h(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 31956 | b(ailable.)39 b(One)25 b(attractiv)m(e)f(p)s(ossibil-)0 |
| | 31957 | 632 y(it)m(y)g(is)f(to)h(use)h Fq(PYSTFU)g Fw(for)f |
| | 31958 | (parton-distribution-function)c(ev)-5 b(aluation.)39 |
| | 31959 | b(Other)24 b(p)s(ossible)f(to)s(ols)g(could)0 740 y(b)s(e)38 |
| | 31960 | b Fq(RLU)g Fw(for)f(random-n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(generation,)h |
| | 31961 | Fq(ULALPS)h Fw(for)e Fj(\013)2272 755 y Fl(s)2342 740 |
| | 31962 | y Fw(ev)-5 b(aluation,)37 b Fq(ULALEM)i Fw(for)e(ev)-5 |
| | 31963 | b(aluation)0 848 y(of)32 b(a)g(running)g Fj(\013)617 |
| | 31964 | 863 y Fl(em)712 848 y Fw(,)g(and)h(ma)m(yb)s(e)g(a)f(few)h(more.)146 |
| | 31965 | 957 y(W)-8 b(e)35 b(end)h(with)e(a)g(few)i(commen)m(ts)e(on)h |
| | 31966 | (anomalous)e(situations.)49 b(In)35 b(some)f(cases)i(one)f(ma)m(y)g(w)m |
| | 31967 | (an)m(t)0 1065 y(to)k(decide,)j(inside)c Fq(PYUPEV)p |
| | 31968 | Fw(,)j(when)g(to)e(stop)h(the)f(ev)m(en)m(t-generation)h(lo)s(op.)63 |
| | 31969 | b(This)39 b(is)g(the)h(case,)i(for)0 1173 y(instance,)32 |
| | 31970 | b(if)e(ev)m(en)m(t)k(con\014gurations)d(are)g(read)h(in)f(from)f(a)h |
| | 31971 | (\014le,)g(and)h(the)g(end)g(of)f(the)h(\014le)f(is)g(reac)m(hed.)0 |
| | 31972 | 1282 y(One)e(migh)m(t)e(b)s(e)i(tempted)f(just)h(to)f(put)h |
| | 31973 | Fq(SIGEV=0)i Fw(when)e(this)f(happ)s(ens.)44 b(Then)29 |
| | 31974 | b Fq(PYEVNT)h Fw(will)c(discard)0 1390 y(the)31 b(ev)m(en)m(t,)i(as)d |
| | 31975 | (part)g(of)g(the)h(matrix-elemen)m(t-w)m(eigh)m(ting)d(pro)s(cedure.)43 |
| | 31976 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33 b(next)f Fq(PYEVNT)g Fw(will)0 |
| | 31977 | 1498 y(generate)h(another)f(ev)m(en)m(t,)i(whic)m(h)f(normally)c(means) |
| | 31978 | j(a)g(new)h(request)h(to)e Fq(PYUPEV)p Fw(,)h(so)g(one)f(do)s(es)h(not) |
| | 31979 | 0 1607 y(really)e(get)i(out)f(of)h(the)g(lo)s(op.)42 |
| | 31980 | b(Instead)34 b(y)m(ou)f(should)f(put)h Fq(NUP=0)p Fw(.)45 |
| | 31981 | b(If)33 b(the)g(program)e(encoun)m(ters)k(this)0 1715 |
| | 31982 | y(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(at)g(a)h(return)g(from)e Fq(PYUPEV)p |
| | 31983 | Fw(,)j(then)g(it)d(will)g(also)g(exit)i(from)e Fq(PYEVNT)p |
| | 31984 | Fw(,)j(without)e(incremen)m(ting)0 1823 y(the)f(coun)m(ters)h(for)e |
| | 31985 | (the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(generated.)45 |
| | 31986 | b(It)32 b(is)g(then)i(up)f(to)f(y)m(ou)h(to)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)f(c)m(hec) |
| | 31987 | m(k)i(on)0 1932 y(this)f(condition)f(in)g(y)m(our)i(main)d(ev)m(en)m |
| | 31988 | (t-generation)j(lo)s(op.)47 b(This)35 b(y)m(ou)g(do)f(either)g(b)m(y)h |
| | 31989 | (lo)s(oking)d(at)i Fq(NUP)0 2040 y Fw(or)e(at)g Fq(MSTI\(51\))p |
| | 31990 | Fw(;)j(the)e(latter)f(is)g(set)h(to)f(1)h(if)e(no)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(w)m |
| | 31991 | (as)f(generated.)146 2148 y(It)27 b(ma)m(y)f(also)f(happ)s(en)i(that)f |
| | 31992 | (a)g(user-de\014ned)i(con\014guration)d(fails)g(elsewhere)i(in)f(the)g |
| | 31993 | Fq(PYEVNT)i Fw(call.)0 2257 y(F)-8 b(or)39 b(instance,)j(the)f(b)s |
| | 31994 | (eam-remnan)m(t)e(treatmen)m(t)h(o)s(ccasionally)d(encoun)m(ters)42 |
| | 31995 | b(situations)d(it)g(cannot)0 2365 y(handle,)29 b(wherefore)f(the)g |
| | 31996 | (hard)g(in)m(teraction)f(is)g(rejected)i(and)f(a)f(new)i(one)f |
| | 31997 | (generated.)43 b(This)27 b(happ)s(ens)0 2473 y(also)35 |
| | 31998 | b(with)h(ordinary)g(\(not)g(user-de\014ned\))i(ev)m(en)m(ts,)h(and)e |
| | 31999 | (usually)e(comes)h(ab)s(out)g(as)h(a)e(consequence)0 |
| | 32000 | 2582 y(of)47 b(the)h(initial-state)c(radiation)h(description)i(lea)m |
| | 32001 | (ving)g(to)s(o)g(little)e(energy)j(for)f(the)h(remnan)m(t.)89 |
| | 32002 | b(If)0 2690 y(the)39 b(same)f(hard)g(scattering)g(w)m(ere)h(to)f(b)s(e) |
| | 32003 | g(used)i(as)e(input)g(for)f(a)h(new)h(initial-state)c(radiation)g(and)0 |
| | 32004 | 2798 y(b)s(eam-remnan)m(t)29 b(attempt,)h(it)f(could)h(then)g(w)m(ork)h |
| | 32005 | (\014ne.)44 b(There)31 b(is)f(a)f(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)f(to)i(giv)m(e)g |
| | 32006 | (ev)m(en)m(ts)j(that)0 2907 y(c)m(hance,)h(as)e(follo)m(ws.)42 |
| | 32007 | b Fq(MSTI\(52\))34 b Fw(coun)m(ts)g(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(times) |
| | 32008 | f(a)h(hard-scattering)f(con\014guration)0 3015 y(has)39 |
| | 32009 | b(failed)e(to)h(date.)61 b(If)38 b(y)m(ou)h(come)g(in)e(to)h |
| | 32010 | Fq(PYUPEV)i Fw(with)e Fq(MSTI\(52\))j Fw(non-v)-5 b(anishing,)38 |
| | 32011 | b(this)g(means)0 3123 y(that)31 b(the)i(latest)e(con\014guration)g |
| | 32012 | (failed.)41 b(So)32 b(long)e(as)i(the)g(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(of)d(the)h |
| | 32013 | Fq(PYUPPR)h Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)0 3232 y(are)i(not)f(c)m(hanged,)i |
| | 32014 | (suc)m(h)g(an)e(ev)m(en)m(t)j(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(giv)m(en)g(another)f |
| | 32015 | (try)-8 b(.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(instance,)h(a)f(line)308 |
| | 32016 | 3415 y Fq(IF\(MSTI\(52\).GE.1.AND.MSTI\()q(52\).)q(LE.4)q(\))57 |
| | 32017 | b(RETURN)0 3599 y Fw(at)42 b(the)h(b)s(eginning)f(of)49 |
| | 32018 | b Fq(PYUPEV)44 b Fw(will)c(giv)m(e)j(eac)m(h)h(ev)m(en)m(t)g(up)f(to)f |
| | 32019 | (\014v)m(e)i(tries;)k(thereafter)43 b(a)g(new)g(one)0 |
| | 32020 | 3707 y(w)m(ould)33 b(b)s(e)h(generated)g(as)g(usual.)45 |
| | 32021 | b(Note)34 b(that)f(the)h(coun)m(ter)g(for)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of) |
| | 32022 | g(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(is)d(up)s(dated)0 3816 y(at)k(eac)m(h)g(new)h(try)-8 |
| | 32023 | b(.)57 b(The)37 b(fraction)f(of)g(failed)g(con\014gurations)g(is)g(giv) |
| | 32024 | m(en)h(in)f(the)i(b)s(ottom)d(line)h(of)g(the)0 3924 |
| | 32025 | y Fq(PYSTAT\(1\))f Fw(table.)146 4032 y(The)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(commen)m |
| | 32026 | (t)e(only)h(refers)h(to)f(v)m(ery)i(rare)e(o)s(ccurrences)i(\(less)f |
| | 32027 | (than)f(one)g(in)g(a)g(h)m(undred\),)0 4141 y(whic)m(h)d(are)f(not)g |
| | 32028 | (errors)g(in)g(a)f(strict)h(sense;)k(for)c(instance,)i(they)f(do)f(not) |
| | 32029 | g(pro)s(duce)h(an)m(y)g(error)f(messages)0 4249 y(on)j(output.)42 |
| | 32030 | b(If)29 b(y)m(ou)g(get)g(w)m(arnings)g(and)g(error)g(messages)h(that)e |
| | 32031 | (the)i(program)d(do)s(es)i(not)g(understand)0 4357 y(the)34 |
| | 32032 | b(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(co)s(des)g(or)f(cannot)g(reconstruct)h(the)g |
| | 32033 | (colour)e(\015o)m(ws,)i(it)e(is)h(due)g(to)g(faults)f(of)h(y)m(ours,)h |
| | 32034 | (and)0 4466 y(giving)c(suc)m(h)j(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(more)d(tries)g(is)g |
| | 32035 | (not)h(going)e(to)h(help.)0 4738 y Fp(9.6)135 b(Ho)l(w)46 |
| | 32036 | b(to)f(run)g(PYTHIA)e(with)j(v)-7 b(arying)45 b(energies)0 |
| | 32037 | 4911 y Fw(It)31 b(is)f(p)s(ossible)g(to)h(use)h Fm(Pythia)f |
| | 32038 | Fw(in)f(a)g(mo)s(de)g(where)i(the)f(energy)h(can)f(b)s(e)g(v)-5 |
| | 32039 | b(aried)31 b(from)e(one)i(ev)m(en)m(t)i(to)0 5019 y(the)27 |
| | 32040 | b(next,)j(without)c(the)i(need)g(to)e(reinitialize)e(with)j(a)f(new)k |
| | 32041 | Fq(PYINIT)e Fw(call.)40 b(This)27 b(allo)m(ws)f(a)h(signi\014can)m(t)0 |
| | 32042 | 5128 y(sp)s(eed-up)35 b(of)f(execution,)h(although)e(it)f(is)i(not)g |
| | 32043 | (as)g(fast)g(as)g(running)f(at)h(a)g(\014xed)h(energy)-8 |
| | 32044 | b(.)48 b(It)34 b(can)h(not)0 5236 y(b)s(e)i(used)i(for)d(ev)m(erything) |
| | 32045 | j(|)d(w)m(e)j(will)34 b(come)j(to)g(the)h(\014ne)g(prin)m(t)f(at)f(the) |
| | 32046 | i(end)g(|)f(but)g(it)f(should)h(b)s(e)0 5344 y(applicable)31 |
| | 32047 | b(for)h(most)g(tasks.)146 5453 y(The)46 b(master)f(switc)m(h)g(to)g |
| | 32048 | (access)h(this)f(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d(is)j(in)f Fq(MSTP\(171\))p |
| | 32049 | Fw(.)82 b(By)46 b(default)e(it)f(is)i(o\013,)0 5561 y(so)36 |
| | 32050 | b(y)m(ou)g(m)m(ust)f(set)h Fq(MSTP\(171\)=1)j Fw(b)s(efore)c |
| | 32051 | (initialization.)47 b(There)36 b(are)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(submo)s(des)g(of)f |
| | 32052 | (running,)0 5669 y(with)c Fq(MSTP\(172\))k Fw(b)s(eing)c(1)g(or)h(2.)43 |
| | 32053 | b(In)32 b(the)g(former)f(mo)s(de,)g Fm(Pythia)h Fw(will)e(generate)i |
| | 32054 | (an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(at)d(the)1817 5953 y(173)p eop |
| | 32055 | %%Page: 174 180 |
| | 32056 | 174 179 bop 0 -18 a Fw(requested)33 b(energy)-8 b(.)43 |
| | 32057 | b(This)31 b(means)f(that)h(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to)g(kno)m(w)g(whic)m |
| | 32058 | (h)g(energy)h(y)m(ou)f(w)m(an)m(t)g(b)s(eforehand.)0 |
| | 32059 | 90 y(In)h(the)h(latter)e(mo)s(de,)g Fm(Pythia)h Fw(will)e(often)i |
| | 32060 | (return)h(without)e(ha)m(ving)h(generated)h(an)f(ev)m(en)m(t)h(|)f |
| | 32061 | (with)0 198 y(\015ag)i Fq(MSTI\(61\)=1)h Fw(to)e(signal)e(that)i(|)f |
| | 32062 | (and)h(y)m(ou)g(are)g(then)h(requested)h(to)d(giv)m(e)h(a)g(new)g |
| | 32063 | (energy)-8 b(.)46 b(The)0 307 y(energy)37 b(sp)s(ectrum)f(of)f |
| | 32064 | (accepted)i(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(will)33 b(then,)k(in)e(the)h(end,)h(b)s(e)f |
| | 32065 | (y)m(our)g(naiv)m(e)g(input)f(sp)s(ectrum)0 415 y(w)m(eigh)m(ted)e |
| | 32066 | (with)g(the)g(cross-section)g(of)f(the)h(pro)s(cesses)i(y)m(ou)e(study) |
| | 32067 | -8 b(.)45 b(W)-8 b(e)32 b(will)f(come)h(bac)m(k)i(to)e(this.)146 |
| | 32068 | 523 y(The)43 b(energy)h(can)e(b)s(e)g(v)-5 b(aried,)44 |
| | 32069 | b(whic)m(hev)m(er)g(frame)d(is)h(giv)m(en)g(in)g(the)g |
| | 32070 | Fq(PYINIT)i Fw(call.)70 b(When)43 b(the)0 632 y(frame)34 |
| | 32071 | b(is)h Fq('CMS')p Fw(,)i Fq(PARP\(171\))h Fw(should)d(b)s(e)g(\014lled) |
| | 32072 | g(with)g(the)g(fractional)e(energy)k(of)e(eac)m(h)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)i |
| | 32073 | (i.e.)0 740 y Fj(E)72 755 y Fl(cm)202 740 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(171\))p |
| | 32074 | Fn(\002)p Fq(WIN)p Fw(,)j(where)d Fq(WIN)g Fw(is)f(the)g(nominal)e |
| | 32075 | (c.m.)57 b(energy)38 b(of)f(the)g Fq(PYINIT)i Fw(call.)56 |
| | 32076 | b(Here)0 848 y Fq(PARP\(171\))29 b Fw(should)e(normally)d(b)s(e)j |
| | 32077 | (smaller)e(than)i(unit)m(y)-8 b(,)28 b(i.e.)41 b(initialization)21 |
| | 32078 | b(should)26 b(b)s(e)h(done)h(at)e(the)0 957 y(maxim)m(um)34 |
| | 32079 | b(energy)j(to)f(b)s(e)h(encoun)m(tered.)56 b(F)-8 b(or)36 |
| | 32080 | b(the)g Fq('FIXT')i Fw(frame,)e Fq(PARP\(171\))j Fw(should)d(b)s(e)h |
| | 32081 | (\014lled)0 1065 y(b)m(y)c(the)f(fractional)e(b)s(eam)h(energy)i(of)e |
| | 32082 | (that)h(one,)g(i.e.)43 b Fj(E)2077 1080 y Fl(b)r(eam)2276 |
| | 32083 | 1065 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(171\))p Fn(\002)p Fq(WIN)p Fw(.)35 |
| | 32084 | b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(the)i Fq('USER')p Fw(,)0 1173 y Fq('FOUR')28 |
| | 32085 | b Fw(and)e Fq('FIVE')i Fw(options,)g(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)i(four-momen)m(ta) |
| | 32086 | c(are)i(giv)m(en)h(in)f(for)g(eac)m(h)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(in)e(the)h(same)0 |
| | 32087 | 1282 y(format)34 b(as)i(used)h(for)e(the)h Fq(PYINIT)h |
| | 32088 | Fw(call.)51 b(Note)36 b(that)g(there)g(is)f(a)h(minim)m(um)c(c.m.)52 |
| | 32089 | b(energy)37 b(allo)m(w)m(ed,)0 1390 y Fq(PARP\(2\))p |
| | 32090 | Fw(.)61 b(If)38 b(y)m(ou)g(giv)m(e)g(in)f(v)-5 b(alues)38 |
| | 32091 | b(b)s(elo)m(w)f(this,)i(the)f(program)f(will)e(stop)j(for)f |
| | 32092 | Fq(MSTP\(172\)=1)p Fw(,)42 b(and)0 1498 y(will)30 b(return)j(with)g |
| | 32093 | Fq(MSTI\(61\)=1)i Fw(for)d Fq(MSTP\(172\)=1)p Fw(.)146 |
| | 32094 | 1607 y(T)-8 b(o)35 b(illustrate)e(the)i(use)g(of)g(the)g |
| | 32095 | Fq(MSTP\(172\)=2)i Fw(facilit)m(y)-8 b(,)34 b(consider)h(the)g(case)g |
| | 32096 | (of)g(b)s(eamstrahlung)0 1715 y(in)e(e)158 1679 y Fl(+)217 |
| | 32097 | 1715 y Fw(e)260 1679 y Fk(\000)354 1715 y Fw(linear)f(colliders.)45 |
| | 32098 | b(This)34 b(is)f(just)i(for)e(con)m(v)m(enience;)k(what)d(is)f(said)g |
| | 32099 | (here)i(can)f(b)s(e)g(translated)0 1823 y(easily)h(in)m(to)h(other)g |
| | 32100 | (situations.)53 b(Assume)36 b(that)g(the)h(b)s(eam)e(sp)s(ectrum)i(is)e |
| | 32101 | (giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)h Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\),)g(where)h |
| | 32102 | Fj(z)0 1932 y Fw(is)d(the)h(fraction)f(retained)g(b)m(y)i(the)f |
| | 32103 | (original)c(e)k(after)g(b)s(eamstrahlung.)52 b(Therefore)36 |
| | 32104 | b(0)d Fn(\024)h Fj(z)j Fn(\024)d Fw(1)h(and)0 2040 y(the)e(in)m(tegral) |
| | 32105 | e(of)h Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))h(is)f(unit)m(y)-8 |
| | 32106 | b(.)43 b(This)33 b(is)f(not)g(p)s(erfectly)h(general;)f(one)h(could)f |
| | 32107 | (imagine)e(branc)m(hings)0 2148 y(e)43 2112 y Fk(\000)130 |
| | 32108 | 2148 y Fn(!)d Fw(e)300 2112 y Fk(\000)360 2148 y Fj(\015)32 |
| | 32109 | b Fn(!)c Fw(e)614 2112 y Fk(\000)673 2148 y Fw(e)716 |
| | 32110 | 2112 y Fl(+)776 2148 y Fw(e)819 2112 y Fk(\000)878 2148 |
| | 32111 | y Fw(,)k(whic)m(h)f(giv)m(es)h(a)f(m)m(ultiplication)c(in)j(the)i(n)m |
| | 32112 | (um)m(b)s(er)g(of)e(b)s(eam)h(particles.)42 b(This)0 |
| | 32113 | 2257 y(could)35 b(either)g(b)s(e)h(expressed)i(in)d(terms)g(of)g(a)g |
| | 32114 | Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))h(with)f(in)m(tegral)f(larger)g(than)h |
| | 32115 | (unit)m(y)h(or)f(in)g(terms)0 2365 y(of)30 b(an)f(increased)i |
| | 32116 | (luminosit)m(y)-8 b(.)41 b(W)-8 b(e)30 b(will)e(assume)i(the)h(latter,) |
| | 32117 | e(and)h(use)h Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))g(prop)s(erly)e(normalized.)0 |
| | 32118 | 2473 y(Giv)m(en)39 b(a)g(nominal)d Fj(s)j Fw(=)g(4)p |
| | 32119 | Fj(E)1084 2437 y Fl(2)1078 2498 y(b)r(eam)1249 2473 y |
| | 32120 | Fw(,)h(the)g(actual)e Fj(s)1836 2437 y Fk(0)1898 2473 |
| | 32121 | y Fw(after)h(b)s(eamstrahlung)f(is)h(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h |
| | 32122 | Fj(s)3360 2437 y Fk(0)3422 2473 y Fw(=)f Fj(z)3582 2488 |
| | 32123 | y Fl(1)3622 2473 y Fj(z)3667 2488 y Fl(2)3706 2473 y |
| | 32124 | Fj(s)p Fw(.)0 2582 y(F)-8 b(or)32 b(a)g(pro)s(cess)i(with)e(a)g(cross)i |
| | 32125 | (section)f Fj(\033)t Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))f(the)h(total)e(cross)j |
| | 32126 | (section)e(is)g(then)997 2848 y Fj(\033)1052 2863 y Fl(tot)1174 |
| | 32127 | 2848 y Fw(=)1278 2731 y Fg(Z)1361 2757 y Fl(1)1324 2920 |
| | 32128 | y(0)1417 2731 y Fg(Z)1500 2757 y Fl(1)1463 2920 y(0)1556 |
| | 32129 | 2848 y Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)1723 2863 y Fl(1)1763 2848 |
| | 32130 | y Fw(\))17 b Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)1985 2863 y Fl(2)2023 |
| | 32131 | 2848 y Fw(\))p Fj(\033)t Fw(\()p Fj(z)2203 2863 y Fl(1)2243 |
| | 32132 | 2848 y Fj(z)2288 2863 y Fl(2)2328 2848 y Fj(s)p Fw(\))g(d)p |
| | 32133 | Fj(z)2528 2863 y Fl(1)2584 2848 y Fw(d)p Fj(z)2683 2863 |
| | 32134 | y Fl(2)2755 2848 y Fj(:)775 b Fw(\(121\))0 3097 y(The)35 |
| | 32135 | b(cross)g(section)f Fj(\033)k Fw(ma)m(y)33 b(in)g(itself)g(b)s(e)h(an)g |
| | 32136 | (in)m(tegral)e(o)m(v)m(er)j(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(additional)d |
| | 32137 | (phase)j(space)0 3205 y(v)-5 b(ariables.)47 b(If)34 b(the)h(maxim)m(um) |
| | 32138 | c(of)j(the)h(di\013eren)m(tial)d(cross)j(section)f(is)g(kno)m(wn,)i(a)e |
| | 32139 | (correct)h(pro)s(cedure)0 3314 y(to)d(generate)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(is)119 |
| | 32140 | 3427 y(1.)49 b(pic)m(k)33 b Fj(z)495 3442 y Fl(1)567 |
| | 32141 | 3427 y Fw(and)g Fj(z)802 3442 y Fl(2)874 3427 y Fw(according)f(to)g |
| | 32142 | Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)1599 3442 y Fl(1)1639 3427 y Fw(\))17 |
| | 32143 | b(d)p Fj(z)1793 3442 y Fl(1)1865 3427 y Fw(and)32 b Fj(D)s |
| | 32144 | Fw(\()p Fj(z)2221 3442 y Fl(2)2261 3427 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p |
| | 32145 | Fj(z)2415 3442 y Fl(2)2454 3427 y Fw(,)33 b(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely;)119 |
| | 32146 | 3544 y(2.)49 b(pic)m(k)33 b(a)f(set)h(of)f(phase)i(space)g(v)-5 |
| | 32147 | b(ariables)31 b(of)h(the)h(pro)s(cess,)h(for)e(the)h(giv)m(en)g |
| | 32148 | Fj(s)2995 3508 y Fk(0)3050 3544 y Fw(of)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t;)119 |
| | 32149 | 3662 y(3.)49 b(ev)-5 b(aluate)32 b Fj(\033)t Fw(\()p |
| | 32150 | Fj(s)769 3626 y Fk(0)792 3662 y Fw(\))h(and)f(compare)g(with)h |
| | 32151 | Fj(\033)1720 3677 y Fl(max)1856 3662 y Fw(;)119 3780 |
| | 32152 | y(4.)49 b(if)31 b(ev)m(en)m(t)k(is)d(rejected,)i(then)f(return)g(to)f |
| | 32153 | (step)i(1)e(to)g(generate)h(new)h(v)-5 b(ariables;)119 |
| | 32154 | 3898 y(5.)49 b(else)33 b(con)m(tin)m(ue)g(the)g(generation)f(to)g(giv)m |
| | 32155 | (e)h(a)f(complete)g(ev)m(en)m(t.)0 4011 y(Y)-8 b(ou)39 |
| | 32156 | b(as)g(a)g(user)h(are)e(assumed)i(to)f(tak)m(e)g(care)h(of)e(step)i(1,) |
| | 32157 | g(and)g(presen)m(t)g(the)g(resulting)d(kinematics)0 4119 |
| | 32158 | y(with)h(incoming)e(e)694 4083 y Fl(+)792 4119 y Fw(and)i(e)1030 |
| | 32159 | 4083 y Fk(\000)1128 4119 y Fw(of)g(v)-5 b(arying)38 b(energy)-8 |
| | 32160 | b(.)62 b(Thereafter)39 b Fm(Pythia)g Fw(will)d(do)i(steps)i(2{5,)f(and) |
| | 32161 | 0 4228 y(either)32 b(return)h(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(or)f(put)f |
| | 32162 | Fq(MSTI\(61\)=1)k Fw(to)c(signal)f(failure)g(in)g(step)j(4.)146 |
| | 32163 | 4336 y(The)g(maximization)29 b(pro)s(cedure)34 b(do)s(es)g(searc)m(h)g |
| | 32164 | (in)e(phase)i(space)h(to)d(\014nd)i Fj(\033)2945 4351 |
| | 32165 | y Fl(max)3081 4336 y Fw(,)f(but)g(it)f(do)s(es)i(not)0 |
| | 32166 | 4444 y(v)-5 b(ary)43 b(the)h Fj(s)452 4408 y Fk(0)519 |
| | 32167 | 4444 y Fw(energy)g(in)e(this)h(pro)s(cess.)77 b(Therefore)44 |
| | 32168 | b(the)g(maxim)m(um)d(searc)m(h)j(in)f(the)g Fq(PYINIT)i |
| | 32169 | Fw(call)0 4553 y(should)f(b)s(e)h(p)s(erformed)e(where)j(the)e(cross)i |
| | 32170 | (section)e(is)g(largest.)78 b(F)-8 b(or)43 b(pro)s(cesses)j(with)e |
| | 32171 | (increasing)0 4661 y(cross)c(section)f(as)h(a)e(function)h(of)g(energy) |
| | 32172 | h(this)e(means)h(at)g(the)h(largest)e(energy)i(that)f(will)e(ev)m(er)j |
| | 32173 | (b)s(e)0 4769 y(encoun)m(tered,)46 b(i.e.)71 b Fj(s)825 |
| | 32174 | 4733 y Fk(0)892 4769 y Fw(=)43 b Fj(s)f Fw(in)f(the)h(case)h(ab)s(o)m |
| | 32175 | (v)m(e.)72 b(This)42 b(is)f(the)i(`standard')f(case,)j(but)d(often)g |
| | 32176 | (one)0 4878 y(encoun)m(ters)c(other)e(b)s(eha)m(viours,)i(where)f(more) |
| | 32177 | f(complicated)e(pro)s(cedures)k(are)e(needed.)56 b(One)36 |
| | 32178 | b(suc)m(h)0 4986 y(case)i(w)m(ould)e(b)s(e)h(the)g(pro)s(cess)h(e)1195 |
| | 32179 | 4950 y Fl(+)1255 4986 y Fw(e)1298 4950 y Fk(\000)1392 |
| | 32180 | 4986 y Fn(!)c Fw(Z)1586 4950 y Fk(\003)p Fl(0)1695 4986 |
| | 32181 | y Fn(!)h Fw(Z)1890 4950 y Fl(0)1929 4986 y Fw(H)2002 |
| | 32182 | 4950 y Fl(0)2041 4986 y Fw(,)j(whic)m(h)f(is)g(kno)m(wn)h(to)e(ha)m(v)m |
| | 32183 | (e)i(a)f(cross)g(section)0 5094 y(that)e(increases)g(near)g(the)h |
| | 32184 | (threshold)e(but)h(is)g(decreasing)g(asymptotically)-8 |
| | 32185 | b(.)48 b(If)34 b(one)i(already)e(kno)m(ws)0 5203 y(that)39 |
| | 32186 | b(the)g(maxim)m(um,)f(for)h(a)f(giv)m(en)i(Higgs)e(mass,)i(app)s(ears)g |
| | 32187 | (at)e(300)g(GeV,)h(sa)m(y)-8 b(,)42 b(then)e(the)f Fq(PYINIT)0 |
| | 32188 | 5311 y Fw(call)31 b(should)i(b)s(e)h(made)e(with)h(that)g(energy)-8 |
| | 32189 | b(,)34 b(ev)m(en)h(if)d(subsequen)m(tly)k(one)d(will)e(b)s(e)j |
| | 32190 | (generating)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)0 5419 y(for)g(a)g(500)g(GeV)h(collider.)146 |
| | 32191 | 5528 y(In)46 b(general,)h(it)d(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(necessary)i(to)e(mo)s |
| | 32192 | (dify)e(the)j(selection)e(of)h Fj(z)2812 5543 y Fl(1)2896 |
| | 32193 | 5528 y Fw(and)g Fj(z)3143 5543 y Fl(2)3228 5528 y Fw(and)g(assign)g(a)0 |
| | 32194 | 5636 y(comp)s(ensating)25 b(ev)m(en)m(t)j(w)m(eigh)m(t.)41 |
| | 32195 | b(F)-8 b(or)26 b(instance,)h(consider)f(a)g(pro)s(cess)h(with)f(a)f |
| | 32196 | (cross)i(section)f(b)s(eha)m(ving)1817 5953 y(174)p eop |
| | 32197 | %%Page: 175 181 |
| | 32198 | 175 180 bop 0 -18 a Fw(roughly)32 b(lik)m(e)g(1)p Fj(=s)p |
| | 32199 | Fw(.)43 b(Then)33 b(the)g Fj(\033)1225 -3 y Fl(tot)1353 |
| | 32200 | -18 y Fw(expression)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(rewritten)g(as) |
| | 32201 | 884 250 y Fj(\033)939 265 y Fl(tot)1062 250 y Fw(=)1165 |
| | 32202 | 133 y Fg(Z)1248 159 y Fl(1)1211 321 y(0)1304 133 y Fg(Z)1387 |
| | 32203 | 159 y Fl(1)1350 321 y(0)1453 183 y Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)1620 |
| | 32204 | 198 y Fl(1)1660 183 y Fw(\))p 1453 227 245 4 v 1533 318 |
| | 32205 | a Fj(z)1578 333 y Fl(1)1734 183 y Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)1901 |
| | 32206 | 198 y Fl(2)1940 183 y Fw(\))p 1734 227 V 1814 318 a Fj(z)1859 |
| | 32207 | 333 y Fl(2)2005 250 y Fj(z)2050 265 y Fl(1)2090 250 y |
| | 32208 | Fj(z)2135 265 y Fl(2)2174 250 y Fj(\033)t Fw(\()p Fj(z)2316 |
| | 32209 | 265 y Fl(1)2356 250 y Fj(z)2401 265 y Fl(2)2441 250 y |
| | 32210 | Fj(s)p Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(z)2641 265 y Fl(1)2697 250 y |
| | 32211 | Fw(d)p Fj(z)2796 265 y Fl(2)2868 250 y Fj(:)662 b Fw(\(122\))0 |
| | 32212 | 509 y(The)37 b(expression)h Fj(z)723 524 y Fl(1)763 509 |
| | 32213 | y Fj(z)808 524 y Fl(2)847 509 y Fj(\033)t Fw(\()p Fj(s)990 |
| | 32214 | 473 y Fk(0)1013 509 y Fw(\))f(is)e(no)m(w)i(essen)m(tially)f(\015at)g |
| | 32215 | (in)g Fj(s)2208 473 y Fk(0)2231 509 y Fw(,)h(i.e.)54 |
| | 32216 | b(not)37 b(only)e(can)i Fj(\033)3107 524 y Fl(max)3279 |
| | 32217 | 509 y Fw(b)s(e)f(found)h(at)0 618 y(a)d(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)j(energy)f |
| | 32218 | (suc)m(h)g(as)f(the)g(maxim)m(um)d(one,)k(but)f(additionally)c(the)k |
| | 32219 | Fm(Pythia)g Fw(generation)0 726 y(e\016ciency)e(\(the)f(lik)m(eliho)s |
| | 32220 | (o)s(d)c(of)j(surviving)g(step)h(4\))f(is)g(greatly)g(enhanced.)45 |
| | 32221 | b(The)32 b(price)g(to)f(b)s(e)g(paid)g(is)0 834 y(that)j |
| | 32222 | Fj(z)39 b Fw(has)34 b(to)g(b)s(e)g(selected)h(according)e(to)h |
| | 32223 | Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))p Fj(=z)39 b Fw(rather)34 |
| | 32224 | b(than)g(according)g(to)f Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\).)49 |
| | 32225 | b(Note)34 b(that)0 943 y Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))p |
| | 32226 | Fj(=z)j Fw(is)32 b(not)h(normalized)d(to)j(unit)m(y)-8 |
| | 32227 | b(.)43 b(One)33 b(therefore)g(needs)h(to)f(de\014ne)1491 |
| | 32228 | 1211 y Fn(I)1545 1226 y Fh(D)1637 1211 y Fw(=)1740 1094 |
| | 32229 | y Fg(Z)1823 1120 y Fl(1)1786 1283 y(0)1889 1144 y Fj(D)s |
| | 32230 | Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))p 1889 1188 210 4 v 1969 1279 a |
| | 32231 | Fj(z)2125 1211 y Fw(d)p Fj(z)38 b(;)1268 b Fw(\(123\))0 |
| | 32232 | 1453 y(and)33 b(a)f(prop)s(erly)g(normalized)1486 1623 |
| | 32233 | y Fj(D)1570 1582 y Fk(0)1593 1623 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))c(=)1895 |
| | 32234 | 1556 y(1)p 1860 1600 119 4 v 1860 1691 a Fn(I)1914 1706 |
| | 32235 | y Fh(D)2015 1556 y Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))p 2015 |
| | 32236 | 1600 210 4 v 2094 1691 a Fj(z)2266 1623 y(:)1264 b Fw(\(124\))0 |
| | 32237 | 1835 y(Then)813 1977 y Fj(\033)868 1992 y Fl(tot)991 |
| | 32238 | 1977 y Fw(=)1094 1860 y Fg(Z)1177 1886 y Fl(1)1140 2048 |
| | 32239 | y(0)1233 1860 y Fg(Z)1316 1886 y Fl(1)1279 2048 y(0)1372 |
| | 32240 | 1977 y Fj(D)1456 1936 y Fk(0)1479 1977 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)1562 |
| | 32241 | 1992 y Fl(1)1602 1977 y Fw(\))17 b Fj(D)1741 1936 y Fk(0)1764 |
| | 32242 | 1977 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)1847 1992 y Fl(2)1886 1977 y Fw(\))g |
| | 32243 | Fn(I)2002 1936 y Fl(2)1995 2001 y Fh(D)2076 1977 y Fj(z)2121 |
| | 32244 | 1992 y Fl(1)2160 1977 y Fj(z)2205 1992 y Fl(2)2245 1977 |
| | 32245 | y Fj(\033)t Fw(\()p Fj(z)2387 1992 y Fl(1)2427 1977 y |
| | 32246 | Fj(z)2472 1992 y Fl(2)2512 1977 y Fj(s)p Fw(\))g(d)p |
| | 32247 | Fj(z)2712 1992 y Fl(1)2768 1977 y Fw(d)p Fj(z)2867 1992 |
| | 32248 | y Fl(2)2939 1977 y Fj(:)591 b Fw(\(125\))0 2187 y(Therefore)46 |
| | 32249 | b(the)f(prop)s(er)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(w)m(eigh)m(t)f(is)e |
| | 32250 | Fn(I)1721 2151 y Fl(2)1714 2211 y Fh(D)1795 2187 y Fj(z)1840 |
| | 32251 | 2202 y Fl(1)1880 2187 y Fj(z)1925 2202 y Fl(2)1964 2187 |
| | 32252 | y Fw(.)81 b(This)45 b(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(should)g(b)s(e)g(stored,)k(for)c |
| | 32253 | (eac)m(h)0 2295 y(ev)m(en)m(t,)f(in)39 b Fq(PARP\(173\))p |
| | 32254 | Fw(.)69 b(The)41 b(maxim)m(um)d(w)m(eigh)m(t)j(that)f(will)e(b)s(e)i |
| | 32255 | (encoun)m(tered)i(should)e(b)s(e)h(stored)0 2403 y(in)g |
| | 32256 | Fq(PARP\(174\))i Fw(b)s(efore)f(the)f Fq(PYINIT)i Fw(call,)f(and)g(not) |
| | 32257 | f(c)m(hanged)h(afterw)m(ards.)71 b(It)41 b(is)g(not)g(necessary)0 |
| | 32258 | 2512 y(to)j(kno)m(w)h(the)g(precise)g(maxim)m(um;)j(an)m(y)d(v)-5 |
| | 32259 | b(alue)43 b(larger)h(than)g(the)h(true)f(maxim)m(um)e(will)g(do,)47 |
| | 32260 | b(but)0 2620 y(the)37 b(ine\016ciency)g(will)d(b)s(e)j(larger)e(the)i |
| | 32261 | (cruder)g(the)g(appro)m(ximation.)52 b(Additionally)34 |
| | 32262 | b(y)m(ou)j(m)m(ust)f(put)0 2728 y Fq(MSTP\(173\)=1)j |
| | 32263 | Fw(for)c(the)h(program)e(to)i(mak)m(e)g(use)h(of)e(w)m(eigh)m(ts)h(at)g |
| | 32264 | (all.)51 b(Often)36 b Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))g(are)g(not)f(kno)m |
| | 32265 | (wn)0 2837 y(analytically;)26 b(therefore)g Fn(I)1005 |
| | 32266 | 2852 y Fh(D)1096 2837 y Fw(is)g(also)f(not)h(kno)m(wn)i(b)s(eforehand,) |
| | 32267 | g(but)f(ma)m(y)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)26 |
| | 32268 | b(\(b)m(y)0 2945 y(y)m(ou\))i(during)f(the)h(course)g(of)f(the)h(run.) |
| | 32269 | 42 b(Then)29 b(y)m(ou)f(should)f(just)h(use)h(the)f(w)m(eigh)m(t)f |
| | 32270 | Fj(z)3057 2960 y Fl(1)3097 2945 y Fj(z)3142 2960 y Fl(2)3209 |
| | 32271 | 2945 y Fw(in)g Fq(PARP\(173\))0 3053 y Fw(and)33 b(do)g(the)g(o)m(v)m |
| | 32272 | (erall)f(normalization)e(y)m(ourself)j(in)f(the)i(end.)45 |
| | 32273 | b(Since)33 b Fq(PARP\(174\)=1.)48 b Fw(b)m(y)34 b(default,)e(in)0 |
| | 32274 | 3162 y(this)i(case)h(y)m(ou)f(need)h(not)f(set)h(this)f(v)-5 |
| | 32275 | b(ariable)32 b(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)46 b(Only)34 b(the)g(cross)h |
| | 32276 | (sections)g(are)f(a\013ected)h(b)m(y)0 3270 y(the)g(pro)s(cedure)h |
| | 32277 | (selected)g(for)f(o)m(v)m(erall)f(normalization,)d(the)36 |
| | 32278 | b(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(themselv)m(es)f(still)d(are)i(prop)s(erly)0 |
| | 32279 | 3379 y(distributed)d(in)g Fj(s)659 3342 y Fk(0)715 3379 |
| | 32280 | y Fw(and)g(in)m(ternal)g(phase)h(space.)146 3487 y(Ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)48 |
| | 32281 | b(it)d(has)h(b)s(een)h(assumed)g(tacitly)e(that)h Fj(D)s |
| | 32282 | Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))51 b Fn(!)f Fw(0)c(for)g Fj(z)55 |
| | 32283 | b Fn(!)c Fw(0.)83 b(If)47 b(not,)i Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t |
| | 32284 | Fw(\))p Fj(=z)i Fw(is)0 3595 y(div)m(ergen)m(t,)37 b(and)f(it)e(is)h |
| | 32285 | (not)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)g(de\014ne)i(a)e(prop)s(erly)g(normalized)f |
| | 32286 | Fj(D)2867 3559 y Fk(0)2889 3595 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))g(=)e |
| | 32287 | Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))p Fj(=z)t Fw(.)54 b(If)35 |
| | 32288 | b(the)0 3704 y(cross)43 b(section)e(is)g(truly)h(div)m(erging)e(lik)m |
| | 32289 | (e)h(1)p Fj(=s)p Fw(,)j(then)e(a)f Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t |
| | 32290 | Fw(\))h(whic)m(h)g(is)f(non)m(v)-5 b(anishing)41 b(for)g |
| | 32291 | Fj(z)48 b Fn(!)43 b Fw(0)0 3812 y(do)s(es)36 b(imply)d(an)i(in\014nite) |
| | 32292 | f(total)f(cross)k(section,)e(whic)m(hev)m(er)j(w)m(a)m(y)e(things)f |
| | 32293 | (are)g(considered.)52 b(In)35 b(cases)0 3920 y(lik)m(e)i(that,)h(it)e |
| | 32294 | (is)h(necessary)j(to)d(imp)s(ose)f(a)h(lo)m(w)m(er)h(cut)f(on)h |
| | 32295 | Fj(z)t Fw(,)h(based)f(on)g(some)f(ph)m(ysics)i(or)e(detector)0 |
| | 32296 | 4029 y(consideration.)68 b(Some)40 b(suc)m(h)j(cut)e(is)f(an)m(yw)m(a)m |
| | 32297 | (y)j(needed)g(to)d(k)m(eep)j(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)f(from)e(the)h(minim)m(um)d |
| | 32298 | (c.m.)0 4137 y(energy)c(required)f(for)f Fm(Pythia)g |
| | 32299 | Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(see)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)146 4245 y(The)46 |
| | 32300 | b(most)e(di\016cult)g(cases)i(are)f(those)g(with)g(a)f(v)m(ery)j(narro) |
| | 32301 | m(w)e(and)g(high)e(p)s(eak,)49 b(suc)m(h)d(as)f(the)0 |
| | 32302 | 4354 y(Z)60 4317 y Fl(0)99 4354 y Fw(.)80 b(One)45 b(could)f |
| | 32303 | (initialize)d(at)j(the)h(energy)h(of)e(maxim)m(um)e(cross)k(section)f |
| | 32304 | (and)f(use)i Fj(D)s Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))f(as)g(is,)0 |
| | 32305 | 4462 y(but)c(e\016ciency)g(migh)m(t)e(turn)i(out)f(to)g(b)s(e)h(v)m |
| | 32306 | (ery)h(lo)m(w.)66 b(One)41 b(migh)m(t)e(then)i(b)s(e)f(tempted)h(to)f |
| | 32307 | (do)g(more)0 4570 y(complicated)35 b(transforms)h(of)g(the)h(kind)g |
| | 32308 | (illustrated)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)57 b(As)37 b(a)f(rule)h(it)e(is)h(then)h |
| | 32309 | (con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)i(to)0 4679 y(w)m(ork)33 b(in)f(the)h(v)-5 |
| | 32310 | b(ariables)32 b Fj(\034)967 4694 y Fh(z)1034 4679 y Fw(=)c |
| | 32311 | Fj(z)1183 4694 y Fl(1)1223 4679 y Fj(z)1268 4694 y Fl(2)1340 |
| | 32312 | 4679 y Fw(and)33 b Fj(y)1578 4694 y Fh(z)1645 4679 y |
| | 32313 | Fw(=)27 b(\(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2\))17 b(ln)n(\()p Fj(z)2151 |
| | 32314 | 4694 y Fl(1)2191 4679 y Fj(=z)2285 4694 y Fl(2)2324 4679 |
| | 32315 | y Fw(\),)33 b(cf.)44 b(subsection)33 b(7.2.)146 4787 |
| | 32316 | y(Clearly)-8 b(,)40 b(the)f(b)s(etter)g(the)g(b)s(eha)m(viour)g(of)f |
| | 32317 | (the)h(cross)h(section)e(can)h(b)s(e)g(mo)s(delled)e(in)h(the)h(c)m |
| | 32318 | (hoice)0 4895 y(of)j Fj(z)166 4910 y Fl(1)247 4895 y |
| | 32319 | Fw(and)h Fj(z)492 4910 y Fl(2)531 4895 y Fw(,)i(the)d(b)s(etter)h(the)f |
| | 32320 | (o)m(v)m(erall)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(generation)e(e\016cien)m(y)-8 |
| | 32321 | b(.)73 b(Ev)m(en)44 b(under)f(the)f(b)s(est)h(of)0 5004 |
| | 32322 | y(circumstances,)30 b(the)f(e\016ciency)g(will)d(still)g(b)s(e)j(lo)m |
| | 32323 | (w)m(er)f(than)h(for)e(runs)i(with)f(\014x)h(energy)-8 |
| | 32324 | b(.)43 b(There)30 b(is)d(also)0 5112 y(a)21 b(non-negligible)e(time)h |
| | 32325 | (o)m(v)m(erhead)k(for)d(using)g(v)-5 b(ariable)20 b(energies)j(in)e |
| | 32326 | (the)h(\014rst)g(place,)i(from)c(kinematics)0 5220 y(reconstruction)29 |
| | 32327 | b(and)g(\(in)e(part\))i(from)e(the)i(phase)g(space)h(selection.)42 |
| | 32328 | b(One)29 b(should)f(therefore)h(not)f(use)0 5344 y(v)-5 |
| | 32329 | b(ariable)28 b(energies)j(when)g(not)f(needed,)j(and)d(not)g(use)h(a)f |
| | 32330 | (large)f(range)h(of)g(energies)3081 5262 y Fn(p)p 3164 |
| | 32331 | 5262 70 4 v 82 x Fj(s)3210 5315 y Fk(0)3264 5344 y Fw(if)f(in)g(the)i |
| | 32332 | (end)0 5453 y(only)h(a)g(smaller)f(range)h(is)h(of)f(exp)s(erimen)m |
| | 32333 | (tal)f(in)m(terest.)146 5561 y(This)i(facilit)m(y)d(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)g |
| | 32334 | (com)m(bined)g(with)g(most)g(other)g(asp)s(ects)h(of)f(the)h(program.) |
| | 32335 | 42 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(instance,)0 5669 y(it)36 b(is)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)h |
| | 32336 | (sim)m(ulate)e(b)s(eamstrahlung)h(as)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(and)f(still)d |
| | 32337 | (include)j(bremsstrahlung)g(with)1817 5953 y(175)p eop |
| | 32338 | %%Page: 176 182 |
| | 32339 | 176 181 bop 0 -18 a Fq(MSTP\(11\)=1)p Fw(.)69 b(F)-8 |
| | 32340 | b(urther,)42 b(one)e(ma)m(y)g(m)m(ultiply)d(the)k(o)m(v)m(erall)e(ev)m |
| | 32341 | (en)m(t)j(w)m(eigh)m(t)e(of)47 b Fq(PARP\(173\))42 b |
| | 32342 | Fw(with)e(a)0 90 y(kinematics-dep)s(enden)m(t)28 b(w)m(eigh)m(t)h(giv)m |
| | 32343 | (en)f(b)m(y)i Fq(PYEVWT)p Fw(,)g(although)c(it)h(is)h(not)g |
| | 32344 | (recommended)g(\(since)g(the)0 198 y(c)m(hances)35 b(of)d(making)f(a)h |
| | 32345 | (mistak)m(e)g(are)h(also)e(m)m(ultiplied\).)41 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)35 |
| | 32346 | b(a)d(few)h(things)f(do)h Fi(not)42 b Fw(w)m(ork.)145 |
| | 32347 | 311 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(It)33 b(is)f(not)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)g(use)i |
| | 32348 | (pile-up)d(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k(i.e.)43 b(y)m(ou)33 b(m)m(ust)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 32349 | Fq(MSTP\(131\)=0)p Fw(.)145 429 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)34 |
| | 32350 | b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d(of)h(giving)g(in)g(y)m(our)h(o)m(wn)h |
| | 32351 | (cross-section)g(optimization)29 b(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts,)35 |
| | 32352 | b(option)244 537 y Fq(MSTP\(121\)=2)p Fw(,)42 b(w)m(ould)c(require)h |
| | 32353 | (more)e(input)h(than)g(with)f(\014xed)j(energies,)g(and)e(this)g |
| | 32354 | (option)244 646 y(should)32 b(therefore)h(not)g(b)s(e)g(used.)44 |
| | 32355 | b(Y)-8 b(ou)33 b(can)g(still)d(use)j Fq(MSTP\(121\)=1)p |
| | 32356 | Fw(,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)145 764 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)31 |
| | 32357 | b(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m(teractions)i(scenario)h(with)f Fq(MSTP\(82\))p |
| | 32358 | Fn(\025)g Fw(2)g(only)g(w)m(orks)i(appro)m(ximately)d(for)244 |
| | 32359 | 872 y(energies)38 b(di\013eren)m(t)h(from)d(the)j(initialization)32 |
| | 32360 | b(one.)60 b(If)38 b(the)h(c.m.)59 b(energy)39 b(spread)g(is)e(smaller) |
| | 32361 | 244 980 y(than)h(a)f(factor)g(2,)i(sa)m(y)-8 b(,)40 b(the)e(appro)m |
| | 32362 | (ximation)d(should)j(b)s(e)g(reasonable,)h(but)f(if)e(the)i(spread)h |
| | 32363 | (is)244 1089 y(larger)21 b(one)h(ma)m(y)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(sub)s |
| | 32364 | (divide)g(in)m(to)f(subruns)j(of)d(di\013eren)m(t)i(energy)g(bins.)40 |
| | 32365 | b(The)22 b(initializa-)244 1197 y(tion)33 b(should)g(b)s(e)h(made)f(at) |
| | 32366 | h(the)g(largest)f(energy)h(to)g(b)s(e)g(encoun)m(tered)i(|)d(whenev)m |
| | 32367 | (er)j(m)m(ultiple)244 1305 y(in)m(teractions)k(are)h(p)s(ossible)f |
| | 32368 | (\(i.e.)69 b(for)40 b(incoming)f(hadrons)i(and)g(resolv)m(ed)h |
| | 32369 | (photons\))f(this)g(is)244 1414 y(where)i(the)f(cross)h(sections)f(are) |
| | 32370 | g(largest)f(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)46 b(and)c(so)g(this)f(is)h(no)f |
| | 32371 | (further)h(constrain)m(t.)244 1522 y(There)32 b(is)f(no)g(simple)f(p)s |
| | 32372 | (ossibilit)m(y)f(to)i(c)m(hange)h Fq(PARP\(82\))i Fw(during)c(the)i |
| | 32373 | (course)g(of)f(the)h(run,)g(i.e.)244 1630 y(an)25 b(energy-indep)s |
| | 32374 | (enden)m(t)j Fj(p)1279 1645 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)1399 1630 y |
| | 32375 | Fw(m)m(ust)d(b)s(e)h(assumed.)42 b(The)27 b(default)d(option)h |
| | 32376 | Fq(MSTP\(82\)=1)j Fw(w)m(orks)244 1739 y(\014ne,)j(i.e.)42 |
| | 32377 | b(do)s(es)31 b(not)f(su\013er)h(from)e(the)h(constrain)m(ts)h(ab)s(o)m |
| | 32378 | (v)m(e.)44 b(If)30 b(so)g(desired,)h Fj(p)3089 1754 y |
| | 32379 | Fk(?)p Fl(min)3294 1739 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(81\))244 1847 |
| | 32380 | y Fw(can)42 b(b)s(e)f(set)h(di\013eren)m(tly)g(for)e(eac)m(h)j(ev)m(en) |
| | 32381 | m(t,)i(as)d(a)f(function)g(of)g(c.m.)70 b(energy)-8 b(.)71 |
| | 32382 | b(Initialization)244 1955 y(should)32 b(then)i(b)s(e)e(done)h(with)g |
| | 32383 | Fq(PARP\(81\))h Fw(as)f(lo)m(w)f(as)h(it)e(is)h(ev)m(er)i(supp)s(osed)h |
| | 32384 | (to)d(b)s(ecome.)0 2227 y Fp(9.7)135 b(Other)46 b(Routines)f(and)g |
| | 32385 | (Common)g(Blo)t(c)l(ks)0 2399 y Fw(The)k(subroutines)g(and)g(common)d |
| | 32386 | (blo)s(c)m(ks)j(that)f(y)m(ou)h(will)d(come)i(in)f(direct)h(con)m(tact) |
| | 32387 | h(with)f(ha)m(v)m(e)0 2508 y(already)31 b(b)s(een)i(describ)s(ed.)44 |
| | 32388 | b(A)31 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)g(other)f(routines)h(and)g(common)e(blo)s |
| | 32389 | (c)m(ks)i(exist,)g(and)g(those)0 2616 y(not)j(describ)s(ed)g(elsewhere) |
| | 32390 | h(are)f(here)h(brie\015y)f(listed)f(for)g(the)h(sak)m(e)h(of)e |
| | 32391 | (completeness.)51 b(The)36 b Fq(PYG***)0 2724 y Fw(routines)i(are)h |
| | 32392 | (sligh)m(tly)d(mo)s(di\014ed)i(v)m(ersions)h(of)f(the)h |
| | 32393 | Fq(SAS***)h Fw(ones)f(of)f(the)h Fm(SaSgam)f Fw(library)-8 |
| | 32394 | b(.)60 b(The)0 2833 y(common)37 b(blo)s(c)m(k)i Fq(SASCOM)h |
| | 32395 | Fw(is)e(renamed)h Fq(PYINT8)p Fw(.)64 b(If)38 b(y)m(ou)i(w)m(an)m(t)f |
| | 32396 | (to)g(use)g(the)g(parton)g(distributions)0 2941 y(for)32 |
| | 32397 | b(standalone)g(purp)s(oses,)h(y)m(ou)g(are)g(encouraged)g(to)f(use)h |
| | 32398 | (the)g(original)c Fm(SaSgam)j Fw(routines)g(rather)0 |
| | 32399 | 3049 y(than)h(going)e(the)i(w)m(a)m(y)h(via)d(the)i Fm(Pythia)g |
| | 32400 | Fw(adaptations.)0 3177 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYINRE)f(:)47 |
| | 32401 | b Fw(to)33 b(initialize)28 b(the)33 b(widths)g(and)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)g |
| | 32402 | (widths)g(of)f(resonances.)0 3286 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 |
| | 32403 | b(PYINBM\(CHFRAM,CHBEAM,CHTA)q(RG,W)q(IN\))k(:)47 b Fw(to)38 |
| | 32404 | b(read)g(in)f(and)h(iden)m(tify)g(the)g(b)s(eam)472 3394 |
| | 32405 | y(\()p Fq(CHBEAM)p Fw(\))29 b(and)e(target)g(\()p Fq(CTTARG)p |
| | 32406 | Fw(\))i(particles)e(and)g(the)h(frame)e(\()p Fq(CHFRAM)p |
| | 32407 | Fw(\))j(as)e(giv)m(en)h(in)e(the)472 3502 y Fq(PYINIT)35 |
| | 32408 | b Fw(call;)30 b(also)i(to)g(sa)m(v)m(e)j(the)e(original)c(energy)k(\()p |
| | 32409 | Fq(WIN)p Fw(\).)0 3611 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYINKI\(MODKI\))h(:)47 |
| | 32410 | b Fw(to)g(set)g(up)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(kinematics,)g(either)e(at)f |
| | 32411 | (initialization)472 3719 y(\()p Fq(MODKI=0)p Fw(\))32 |
| | 32412 | b(or)e(for)g(eac)m(h)h(separate)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)h(the)f(latter)e(when)i |
| | 32413 | (the)g(program)e(is)g(run)i(with)472 3827 y(v)-5 b(arying)32 |
| | 32414 | b(kinematics)g(\()p Fq(MODKI=1)p Fw(\).)0 3936 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 |
| | 32415 | b(PYINPR)f(:)47 b Fw(to)41 b(set)i(up)e(the)h(partonic)f(subpro)s |
| | 32416 | (cesses)j(selected)f(with)e Fq(MSEL)p Fw(.)i(F)-8 b(or)40 |
| | 32417 | b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)472 4044 y(and)32 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)g |
| | 32418 | Fw(,)32 b(also)f(the)h Fq(MSTP\(14\))i Fw(v)-5 b(alue)31 |
| | 32419 | b(a\013ects)i(the)f(c)m(hoice)g(of)g(pro)s(cesses.)45 |
| | 32420 | b(In)32 b(particular,)472 4152 y(the)i(option)e Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)37 |
| | 32421 | b Fw(sets)d(up)g(the)f(three)h(or)f(six)h(di\013eren)m(t)f(pro)s |
| | 32422 | (cesses)i(that)e(need)472 4261 y(to)g(b)s(e)f(mixed,)g(with)h(separate) |
| | 32423 | g(cuts)g(for)g(eac)m(h.)0 4369 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYXTOT)f(:)47 |
| | 32424 | b Fw(to)22 b(giv)m(e)h(the)g(parametrized)e(total,)i(double)g |
| | 32425 | (di\013ractiv)m(e,)h(single)d(di\013ractiv)m(e)472 4478 |
| | 32426 | y(and)33 b(elastic)f(cross)h(sections)g(for)f(di\013eren)m(t)h |
| | 32427 | (energies)g(and)g(colliding)c(hadrons.)0 4586 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 |
| | 32428 | b(PYMAXI)f(:)47 b Fw(to)37 b(\014nd)h(optimal)c(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)k |
| | 32429 | Fq(COEF)g Fw(for)e(the)i(selection)f(of)f(kinematical)472 |
| | 32430 | 4694 y(v)-5 b(ariables,)26 b(and)f(to)f(\014nd)i(the)f(related)f |
| | 32431 | (maxima)f(for)h(the)h(di\013eren)m(tial)f(cross)h(section)g(times)472 |
| | 32432 | 4803 y(Jacobian)32 b(factors,)h(for)f(eac)m(h)h(of)g(the)g(subpro)s |
| | 32433 | (cesses)i(included.)0 4911 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYPILE\(MPILE\))h(:)47 |
| | 32434 | b Fw(to)c(determine)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(pile-up)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 32435 | (ts,)49 b(i.e.)75 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)472 5019 y(app)s(earing)32 |
| | 32436 | b(in)g(the)h(same)f(b)s(eam{b)s(eam)f(crossing.)0 5128 |
| | 32437 | y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYSAVE\(ISAVE,IGA\))i(:)47 b Fw(sa)m(v)m(es)33 |
| | 32438 | b(and)d(restores)i(parameters)e(and)g(cross)i(section)e(v)-5 |
| | 32439 | b(al-)472 5236 y(ues)41 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)e(three)h |
| | 32440 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)40 b(and)f(the)h(six)f Fj(\015)5 b(\015)44 |
| | 32441 | b Fw(comp)s(onen)m(ts)c(of)45 b Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(.)67 |
| | 32442 | b(The)472 5344 y(options)32 b(for)f Fq(ISAVE)j Fw(are)e(\(1\))f(a)h |
| | 32443 | (complete)f(sa)m(v)m(e)j(of)d(all)f(parameters)i(sp)s(eci\014c)h(to)f |
| | 32444 | (a)f(giv)m(en)472 5453 y(comp)s(onen)m(t,)g(\(2\))f(a)g(partial)f(sa)m |
| | 32445 | (v)m(e)j(of)e(cross-section)h(information,)c(\(3\))j(a)g(restoration)g |
| | 32446 | (of)472 5561 y(all)i(parameters)h(sp)s(eci\014c)i(to)e(a)g(giv)m(en)h |
| | 32447 | (comp)s(onen)m(t,)f(\(4\))g(as)h(3)f(but)h(preceded)h(b)m(y)g(a)e(ran-) |
| | 32448 | 472 5669 y(dom)27 b(selection)g(of)g(comp)s(onen)m(t,)h(and)g(\(5\))f |
| | 32449 | (a)g(summation)e(of)i(comp)s(onen)m(t)h(cross)g(sections)1817 |
| | 32450 | 5953 y(176)p eop |
| | 32451 | %%Page: 177 183 |
| | 32452 | 177 182 bop 472 -18 a Fw(\(for)32 b Fq(PYSTAT)p Fw(\).)i(The)f(subpro)s |
| | 32453 | (cess)h(co)s(de)e(in)g Fq(IGA)g Fw(is)g(the)h(one)f(describ)s(ed)h(for) |
| | 32454 | e Fq(MSTI\(9\))p Fw(;)j(it)472 90 y(is)f(input)f(for)g(options)g(1,)g |
| | 32455 | (2)g(and)h(3)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(output)f(for)f(4)g(and)h(dumm)m(y)f |
| | 32456 | (for)g(5.)0 198 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYRAND)f(:)47 b |
| | 32457 | Fw(to)30 b(generate)g(the)g(quan)m(tities)g(c)m(haracterizing)f(a)g |
| | 32458 | (hard)h(scattering)f(on)h(the)472 307 y(parton)j(lev)m(el,)f(according) |
| | 32459 | g(to)g(the)h(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)33 b(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts.)0 |
| | 32460 | 415 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYSCAT)f(:)47 b Fw(to)30 b(\014nd)h(outgoing)e |
| | 32461 | (\015a)m(v)m(ours)j(and)f(to)f(set)h(up)g(the)f(kinematics)g(and)g |
| | 32462 | (colour)472 523 y(\015o)m(w)k(of)e(the)h(hard)f(scattering.)0 |
| | 32463 | 632 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYRESD)f(:)47 b Fw(to)25 b(allo)m(w)f |
| | 32464 | (resonances)j(to)e(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)28 b(including)c(c)m(hains)i(of)e |
| | 32465 | (successiv)m(e)29 b(deca)m(ys)472 740 y(and)k(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(ers.)0 |
| | 32466 | 848 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYMULT\(MMUL\))g(:)48 b Fw(to)29 |
| | 32467 | b(generate)h(semi-hard)e(in)m(teractions)h(according)g(to)g(the)h(m)m |
| | 32468 | (ulti-)472 957 y(ple)j(in)m(teraction)e(formalism.)0 |
| | 32469 | 1065 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYREMN\(IPU1,IPU2\))i(:)47 |
| | 32470 | b Fw(to)42 b(add)g(on)g(target)g(remnan)m(ts)g(and)h(include)e |
| | 32471 | (primordial)472 1173 y Fj(k)523 1188 y Fk(?)582 1173 |
| | 32472 | y Fw(.)0 1282 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYDIFF)f(:)47 b Fw(to)33 |
| | 32473 | b(handle)f(di\013ractiv)m(e)g(and)g(elastic)g(scattering)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 32474 | (ts.)0 1390 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYDOCU)f(:)47 b Fw(to)39 |
| | 32475 | b(compute)h(cross)g(sections)g(of)f(pro)s(cesses,)k(based)e(on)e |
| | 32476 | (curren)m(t)i(Mon)m(te)472 1498 y(Carlo)32 b(statistics,)g(and)h(to)f |
| | 32477 | (store)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(information)29 b(in)j(the)h Fq(MSTI)g |
| | 32478 | Fw(and)g Fq(PARI)h Fw(arra)m(ys.)0 1607 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 |
| | 32479 | b(PYWIDT\(KFLR,SH,WDTP,WDTE\))k(:)47 b Fw(to)30 b(calculate)f(widths)h |
| | 32480 | (and)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(widths)f(of)472 1715 y(resonances.)0 |
| | 32481 | 1823 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYOFSH\(MOFSH,KFMO,KFD1,KF)q(D2,P)q(MMO,)q |
| | 32482 | (RET)q(1,RE)q(T2\))k(:)47 b Fw(to)59 b(calculate)g(partial)472 |
| | 32483 | 1932 y(widths)48 b(in)m(to)e(c)m(hannels)h(o\013)g(the)g(mass)g(shell,) |
| | 32484 | j(and)d(to)f(select)i(correlated)e(masses)i(of)472 2040 |
| | 32485 | y(resonance)34 b(pairs.)0 2148 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYKLIM\(ILIM\))g(:) |
| | 32486 | 48 b Fw(to)32 b(calculate)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(kinematical)f(limits.)0 |
| | 32487 | 2257 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYKMAP\(IVAR,MVAR,VVAR\))j(:)48 |
| | 32488 | b Fw(to)24 b(calculate)f(the)i(v)-5 b(alue)24 b(of)g(a)g(kinematical)e |
| | 32489 | (v)-5 b(ariable)472 2365 y(when)34 b(this)e(is)g(selected)i(according)e |
| | 32490 | (to)g(one)h(of)f(the)h(simple)e(pieces.)0 2473 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 |
| | 32491 | b(PYSIGH\(NCHN,SIGS\))i(:)47 b Fw(to)39 b(giv)m(e)h(the)g(di\013eren)m |
| | 32492 | (tial)e(cross)i(section)g(\(m)m(ultiplied)d(b)m(y)472 |
| | 32493 | 2582 y(the)c(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)33 b(Jacobians\))f(for)g(a)h(giv)m(en)f |
| | 32494 | (subpro)s(cess)j(and)e(kinematical)d(setup.)0 2690 y |
| | 32495 | Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYSTFL\(KF,X,Q2,XPQ\))i(:)48 b Fw(to)e(giv)m(e)h |
| | 32496 | (parton)f(distributions)f(for)h(p)h(and)f(n)h(in)f(the)472 |
| | 32497 | 2798 y(option)32 b(with)g(mo)s(di\014ed)f(b)s(eha)m(viour)i(at)f(small) |
| | 32498 | e Fj(Q)2300 2762 y Fl(2)2373 2798 y Fw(and)i Fj(x)p Fw(,)h(see)h |
| | 32499 | Fq(MSTP\(57\))p Fw(.)0 2907 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYSTFU\(KF,X,Q2,XPQ\)) |
| | 32500 | i(:)48 b Fw(to)41 b(giv)m(e)h(parton-distribution)d(functions)j(\(m)m |
| | 32501 | (ultiplied)472 3015 y(b)m(y)26 b Fj(x)p Fw(,)h(i.e.)41 |
| | 32502 | b Fj(xf)978 3030 y Fh(i)1006 3015 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 |
| | 32503 | b(Q)1220 2979 y Fl(2)1260 3015 y Fw(\)\))25 b(for)f(an)h(arbitrary)f |
| | 32504 | (particle)f(\(of)h(those)i(recognized)f(b)m(y)i Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 32505 | Fw(\).)472 3123 y(Generic)33 b(driv)m(er)g(routine)f(for)g(the)h(follo) |
| | 32506 | m(wing,)d(sp)s(ecialized)h(ones.)236 3232 y Fq(KF)52 |
| | 32507 | b(:)268 b Fw(\015a)m(v)m(our)33 b(of)f(prob)s(ed)h(particle,)e |
| | 32508 | (according)h(to)h(KF)f(co)s(de.)236 3340 y Fq(X)52 b(:)319 |
| | 32509 | b Fj(x)33 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(at)g(whic)m(h)h(to)f(ev)-5 |
| | 32510 | b(aluate)32 b(parton)h(distributions.)236 3448 y Fq(Q2)52 |
| | 32511 | b(:)268 b Fj(Q)786 3412 y Fl(2)858 3448 y Fw(scale)32 |
| | 32512 | b(at)h(whic)m(h)g(to)f(ev)-5 b(aluate)32 b(parton)g(distributions.)236 |
| | 32513 | 3557 y Fq(XPQ)52 b(:)217 b Fw(arra)m(y)37 b(of)f(dimensions)g |
| | 32514 | Fq(XPQ\(-25:25\))p Fw(,)k(whic)m(h)d(con)m(tains)g(the)g(ev)-5 |
| | 32515 | b(aluated)37 b(parton)709 3665 y(distributions)k Fj(xf)1392 |
| | 32516 | 3680 y Fh(i)1421 3665 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)1635 3629 |
| | 32517 | y Fl(2)1674 3665 y Fw(\).)75 b(Comp)s(onen)m(ts)43 b |
| | 32518 | Fj(i)g Fw(ordered)g(according)g(to)f(standard)709 3774 |
| | 32519 | y(KF)33 b(co)s(de;)h(additionally)c(the)k(gluon)f(is)g(found)g(in)g(p)s |
| | 32520 | (osition)f(0)h(as)h(w)m(ell)e(as)i(21)f(\(for)709 3882 |
| | 32521 | y(historical)d(reasons\).)0 3990 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b |
| | 32522 | (PYSTEL\(X,Q2,XPEL\))i(:)47 b Fw(to)32 b(giv)m(e)h(electron)f(parton)h |
| | 32523 | (distributions.)0 4099 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYSTGA\(X,Q2,XPGA\))i(:)47 |
| | 32524 | b Fw(to)24 b(giv)m(e)f(the)i(photon)e(parton)h(distributions)e(for)h |
| | 32525 | (sets)i(other)472 4207 y(than)33 b(the)g(SaS)g(ones.)0 |
| | 32526 | 4315 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYGGAM\(ISET,X,Q2,P2,F2GM,)q(XPDF)q(GM\))k(:) |
| | 32527 | 47 b Fw(to)36 b(construct)h(the)g(SaS)f Fj(F)3337 4330 |
| | 32528 | y Fl(2)3413 4315 y Fw(and)g(par-)472 4424 y(ton)25 b(distributions)e |
| | 32529 | (of)i(the)g(photon)g(b)m(y)g(summing)e(homogeneous)i(\(VMD\))g(and)g |
| | 32530 | (inhomo-)472 4532 y(geneous)30 b(\(anomalous\))e(terms.)42 |
| | 32531 | b(F)-8 b(or)28 b Fj(F)1930 4547 y Fl(2)1969 4532 y Fw(,)i(c)f(and)g(b)g |
| | 32532 | (are)g(included)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(Bethe-Heitler)472 4650 |
| | 32533 | y(form)m(ula;)38 b(in)f(the)g(`)p 1182 4572 144 4 v(MS)q(')g(sc)m(heme) |
| | 32534 | h(additionally)c(a)j Fj(C)2435 4614 y Fh(\015)2517 4650 |
| | 32535 | y Fw(term)f(is)h(added.)58 b(Calls)36 b Fq(PYGVMD)p Fw(,)472 |
| | 32536 | 4758 y Fq(PYGANO)p Fw(,)f Fq(PYGBEH)p Fw(,)f(and)f Fq(PYGDIR)p |
| | 32537 | Fw(.)0 4866 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYGVMD\(ISET,KF,X,Q2,P2,AL)q(AM,X)q |
| | 32538 | (PGA\))k(:)47 b Fw(to)26 b(ev)-5 b(aluate)26 b(the)h(VMD)f(parton)g |
| | 32539 | (dis-)472 4975 y(tributions)31 b(of)h(a)f(photon,)h(ev)m(olv)m(ed)h |
| | 32540 | (homogeneously)f(from)f(an)g(initial)e(scale)i Fj(P)3446 |
| | 32541 | 4939 y Fl(2)3517 4975 y Fw(to)h Fj(Q)3713 4939 y Fl(2)3752 |
| | 32542 | 4975 y Fw(.)0 5083 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYGANO\(KF,X,Q2,P2,ALAM,XP)q |
| | 32543 | (GA\))k(:)47 b Fw(to)32 b(ev)-5 b(aluate)32 b(the)g(parton)g |
| | 32544 | (distributions)f(of)472 5192 y(the)45 b(anomalous)d(photon,)47 |
| | 32545 | b(inhomogeneously)c(ev)m(olv)m(ed)i(from)e(a)h(scale)g |
| | 32546 | Fj(P)3301 5155 y Fl(2)3383 5192 y Fw(\(where)h(it)472 |
| | 32547 | 5300 y(v)-5 b(anishes\))34 b(to)e Fj(Q)1090 5264 y Fl(2)1129 |
| | 32548 | 5300 y Fw(.)0 5408 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYGBEH\(KF,X,Q2,P2,PM2,XPB)q |
| | 32549 | (H\))j(:)48 b Fw(to)35 b(ev)-5 b(aluate)34 b(the)i(Bethe-Heitler)e |
| | 32550 | (cross)i(sec-)472 5517 y(tion)c(for)g(hea)m(vy)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(pro) |
| | 32551 | s(duction.)0 5625 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYGDIR\(X,Q2,P2,AK0,XPGA\))k(:) |
| | 32552 | 47 b Fw(to)33 b(ev)-5 b(aluate)32 b(the)i(direct)f(con)m(tribution,)f |
| | 32553 | (i.e.)44 b(the)1817 5953 y(177)p eop |
| | 32554 | %%Page: 178 184 |
| | 32555 | 178 183 bop 472 -18 a Fj(C)549 -55 y Fh(\015)626 -18 |
| | 32556 | y Fw(term,)32 b(as)h(needed)h(in)p 1445 -97 144 4 v 32 |
| | 32557 | w(MS)f(parametrizations.)0 90 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYSTPI\(X,Q2,XPPI\)) |
| | 32558 | i(:)47 b Fw(to)32 b(giv)m(e)h(pion)f(parton)g(distributions.)0 |
| | 32559 | 198 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYSTPR\(X,Q2,XPPR\))i(:)47 b |
| | 32560 | Fw(to)32 b(giv)m(e)h(proton)f(parton)h(distributions.)0 |
| | 32561 | 307 y Fq(FUNCTION)53 b(PYCTQ2\(ISET,IPRT,X,Q\))k(:)48 |
| | 32562 | b Fw(to)32 b(giv)m(e)h(the)g(CTEQ2)g(proton)f(parton)h(distributions.)0 |
| | 32563 | 415 y Fq(FUNCTION)53 b(PYHFTH\(SH,SQM,FRATT\))k(:)47 |
| | 32564 | b Fw(to)30 b(giv)m(e)g(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)h(threshold)f(factor)f |
| | 32565 | (in)g(matrix)g(el-)472 523 y(emen)m(ts.)0 632 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 |
| | 32566 | b(PYSPLI\(KF,KFLIN,KFLCH,KFL)q(SP\))k(:)47 b Fw(to)h(giv)m(e)h(hadron)f |
| | 32567 | (remnan)m(t)h(or)f(remnan)m(ts)472 740 y(left)32 b(b)s(ehind)h(when)g |
| | 32568 | (the)g(reacting)f(parton)h(is)f(kic)m(k)m(ed)i(out.)0 |
| | 32569 | 848 y Fq(FUNCTION)53 b(PYGAMM\(X\))h(:)48 b Fw(to)41 |
| | 32570 | b(giv)m(e)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)41 b(of)h(the)g(ordinary)f(\000\()p |
| | 32571 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))h(function)g(\(used)h(in)e(some)472 957 |
| | 32572 | y(parton-distribution)30 b(parametrizations\).)0 1065 |
| | 32573 | y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYWAUX\(IAUX,EPS,WRE,WIM\))k(:)47 |
| | 32574 | b Fw(to)36 b(ev)-5 b(aluate)36 b(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(auxiliary)e |
| | 32575 | (functions)h Fj(W)3740 1080 y Fl(1)472 1173 y Fw(and)d |
| | 32576 | Fj(W)754 1188 y Fl(2)826 1173 y Fw(app)s(earing)f(in)g(the)h(cross)g |
| | 32577 | (section)g(expressions)h(in)e Fq(PYSIGH)p Fw(.)0 1282 |
| | 32578 | y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(PYI3AU\(EPS,RAT,Y3RE,Y3IM\))k(:)47 |
| | 32579 | b Fw(to)e(ev)-5 b(aluate)45 b(the)h(auxiliary)d(function)h |
| | 32580 | Fj(I)3559 1297 y Fl(3)3644 1282 y Fw(ap-)472 1390 y(p)s(earing)32 |
| | 32581 | b(in)g(the)h(cross)g(section)g(expressions)h(in)e Fq(PYSIGH)p |
| | 32582 | Fw(.)0 1498 y Fq(FUNCTION)53 b(PYSPEN\(XREIN,XIMIN,IREI)q(M\))k(:)48 |
| | 32583 | b Fw(to)41 b(calculate)g(the)i(real)e(and)h(imaginary)d(part)j(of)472 |
| | 32584 | 1607 y(the)33 b(Sp)s(ence)h(function.)0 1715 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 |
| | 32585 | b(PYQQBH\(WTQQBH\))h(:)47 b Fw(to)27 b(calculate)f(matrix)g(elemen)m |
| | 32586 | (ts)i(for)e(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)g(pro)s(cesses)h(gg)g Fn(!)472 |
| | 32587 | 1823 y Fw(Q)p 548 1745 76 4 v(QH)697 1787 y Fl(0)769 |
| | 32588 | 1823 y Fw(and)k(q)p 1010 1770 52 4 v(q)c Fn(!)e Fw(Q)p |
| | 32589 | 1293 1745 76 4 v(QH)1442 1787 y Fl(0)1481 1823 y Fw(.)0 |
| | 32590 | 1932 y Fq(BLOCK)53 b(DATA)f(PYDATA)h(:)47 b Fw(to)29 |
| | 32591 | b(giv)m(e)g(sensible)h(default)e(v)-5 b(alues)29 b(to)g(all)e(status)j |
| | 32592 | (co)s(des)g(and)f(parameters.)p 0 2101 1851 9 v 0 2326 |
| | 32593 | 9 225 v 79 2241 a Fq(COMMON/PYINT1/MINT\(400\),)q(VINT)q(\(400)q(\))p |
| | 32594 | 1842 2326 V 0 2334 1851 9 v 0 2466 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 |
| | 32595 | b Fw(to)25 b(collect)g(a)g(host)h(of)g(in)m(teger-)f(and)g(real-v)-5 |
| | 32596 | b(alued)25 b(v)-5 b(ariables)24 b(used)j(in)m(ternally)d(in)h(the)h |
| | 32597 | (pro-)472 2574 y(gram)33 b(during)g(the)g(initialization)28 |
| | 32598 | b(and/or)34 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generation)e(stage.)46 b(These)36 |
| | 32599 | b(v)-5 b(ariables)472 2682 y(m)m(ust)33 b(not)g(b)s(e)f(c)m(hanged)i(b) |
| | 32600 | m(y)f(y)m(ou.)0 2791 y Fq(MINT\(1\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(sp)s(eci\014es)39 |
| | 32601 | b(the)g(general)f(t)m(yp)s(e)i(of)e(subpro)s(cess)j(that)d(has)h(o)s |
| | 32602 | (ccurred,)i(according)d(to)g(the)472 2899 y(ISUB)c(co)s(de)e(giv)m(en)h |
| | 32603 | (in)f(section)h(8.1.)0 3007 y Fq(MINT\(2\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 32604 | b Fw(whenev)m(er)33 b Fq(MINT\(1\))f Fw(\(together)e(with)g |
| | 32605 | Fq(MINT\(15\))j Fw(and)d Fq(MINT\(16\))p Fw(\))j(are)d(not)g |
| | 32606 | (su\016cien)m(t)472 3116 y(to)38 b(sp)s(ecify)h(the)f(t)m(yp)s(e)h(of)f |
| | 32607 | (pro)s(cess)i(uniquely)-8 b(,)39 b Fq(MINT\(2\))h Fw(pro)m(vides)f(an)f |
| | 32608 | (ordering)f(of)h(the)472 3224 y(di\013eren)m(t)33 b(p)s(ossibilities,)d |
| | 32609 | (see)k Fq(MSTI\(2\))p Fw(.)0 3332 y Fq(MINT\(3\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 32610 | b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)27 b(of)g(partons)g(pro)s(duced)h(in)e(the)i(hard) |
| | 32611 | f(in)m(teractions,)g(i.e.)41 b(the)28 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f |
| | 32612 | Fj(n)g Fw(of)g(the)472 3441 y(2)h Fn(!)f Fj(n)j Fw(matrix)e(elemen)m |
| | 32613 | (ts)h(used;)j(is)d(sometimes)g(3)g(or)g(4)g(when)i(a)e(basic)g(2)e |
| | 32614 | Fn(!)h Fw(1)h(or)g(2)e Fn(!)h Fw(2)472 3549 y(pro)s(cess)f(has)e(b)s |
| | 32615 | (een)h(folded)f(with)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(1)h Fn(!)g Fw(2)e(initial)d(branc)m |
| | 32616 | (hings)j(\(lik)m(e)g(qq)3216 3513 y Fk(0)3268 3549 y |
| | 32617 | Fn(!)i Fw(q)3446 3513 y Fk(00)3489 3549 y Fw(q)3540 3513 |
| | 32618 | y Fk(000)3602 3549 y Fw(H)3675 3513 y Fl(0)3714 3549 |
| | 32619 | y Fw(\).)0 3657 y Fq(MINT\(4\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)28 |
| | 32620 | b(of)f(do)s(cumen)m(tation)g(lines)g(at)g(the)h(b)s(eginning)f(of)g |
| | 32621 | (the)h(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)i Fq(LUJETS)472 3766 y Fw(that)33 |
| | 32622 | b(are)f(giv)m(en)h(with)f Fq(K\(I,1\)=21)p Fw(;)j(0)e(for)f |
| | 32623 | Fq(MSTP\(125\)=0)p Fw(.)0 3874 y Fq(MINT\(5\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 32624 | b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)30 b(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(generated)e(to)g(date)f |
| | 32625 | (in)g(curren)m(t)i(run.)43 b(In)30 b(runs)g(with)g(the)g(v)-5 |
| | 32626 | b(ariable-)472 3982 y(energy)31 b(option,)f Fq(MSTP\(171\)=1)j |
| | 32627 | Fw(and)d Fq(MSTP\(172\)=2)p Fw(,)j(only)d(those)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(that)e |
| | 32628 | (surviv)m(e)472 4091 y(\(i.e.)83 b(that)45 b(do)h(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 32629 | Fq(MSTI\(61\)=1)p Fw(\))h(are)e(coun)m(ted)h(in)e(this)g(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 32630 | (er.)84 b(That)46 b(is,)472 4199 y Fq(MINT\(5\))35 b |
| | 32631 | Fw(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(less)g(than)f(the)h(total)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)39 |
| | 32632 | b Fq(PYEVNT)34 b Fw(calls.)0 4307 y Fq(MINT\(6\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 32633 | b Fw(curren)m(t)33 b(frame)f(of)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(\(see)e |
| | 32634 | Fq(MSTP\(124\))i Fw(for)d(p)s(ossible)g(v)-5 b(alues\).)0 |
| | 32635 | 4416 y Fq(MINT\(7\),)53 b(MINT\(8\))h(:)47 b Fw(line)29 |
| | 32636 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(for)f(do)s(cumen)m(tation)f(of)h(outgoing)f |
| | 32637 | (partons/particles)h(from)472 4524 y(hard)j(scattering)f(for)g(2)c |
| | 32638 | Fn(!)f Fw(2)32 b(or)h(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(1)h Fn(!)f Fw(2)33 |
| | 32639 | b(pro)s(cesses)h(\(else)f(=)f(0\).)0 4632 y Fq(MINT\(10\))53 |
| | 32640 | b(:)48 b Fw(is)32 b(1)g(if)g(cross)h(section)g(maxim)m(um)d(w)m(as)k |
| | 32641 | (violated)d(in)h(curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)i(and)e(0)f(if)f(not.)0 |
| | 32642 | 4741 y Fq(MINT\(11\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(KF)32 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(co)s(de)g |
| | 32643 | (for)f(b)s(eam)g(\(side)h(1\))f(particle.)0 4849 y Fq(MINT\(12\))53 |
| | 32644 | b(:)48 b Fw(KF)32 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(co)s(de)g(for)f(target)h(\(side)f |
| | 32645 | (2\))g(particle.)0 4958 y Fq(MINT\(13\),)54 b(MINT\(14\))f(:)48 |
| | 32646 | b Fw(KF)28 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(co)s(des)g(for)e(side)h(1)g(and)g(side)g |
| | 32647 | (2)g(initial-state)c(sho)m(w)m(er)31 b(initia-)472 5066 |
| | 32648 | y(tors.)0 5174 y Fq(MINT\(15\),)54 b(MINT\(16\))f(:)48 |
| | 32649 | b Fw(KF)34 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(co)s(des)g(for)f(side)g(1)g(and)h(side)f |
| | 32650 | (2)g(incoming)e(partons)i(to)g(the)472 5283 y(hard)e(in)m(teraction.)0 |
| | 32651 | 5391 y Fq(MINT\(17\),)54 b(MINT\(18\))f(:)48 b Fw(\015ag)38 |
| | 32652 | b(to)h(signal)f(if)g(particle)g(on)h(side)g(1)g(or)g(side)h(2)f(has)g |
| | 32653 | (b)s(een)h(scattered)472 5499 y(di\013ractiv)m(ely;)32 |
| | 32654 | b(0)g(if)g(no,)g(1)h(if)e(y)m(es.)0 5608 y Fq(MINT\(19\),)54 |
| | 32655 | b(MINT\(20\))f(:)48 b Fw(\015ag)41 b(to)h(signal)f(initial-state)d |
| | 32656 | (structure)43 b(with)f(parton)g(inside)f(photon)1817 |
| | 32657 | 5953 y(178)p eop |
| | 32658 | %%Page: 179 185 |
| | 32659 | 179 184 bop 472 -18 a Fw(inside)32 b(electron)h(on)f(side)h(1)f(or)h |
| | 32660 | (side)f(2;)h(0)f(if)f(no,)i(1)f(if)g(y)m(es.)0 90 y Fq(MINT\(21\))53 |
| | 32661 | b(-)f(MINT\(24\))h(:)48 b Fw(KF)37 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(co)s(des)f(for)f |
| | 32662 | (outgoing)g(partons)h(from)e(the)i(hard)g(in)m(terac-)472 |
| | 32663 | 198 y(tion.)i(The)24 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(p)s(ositions)g(actually)f |
| | 32664 | (used)j(is)e(pro)s(cess-dep)s(enden)m(t,)28 b(see)d Fq(MINT\(3\))p |
| | 32665 | Fw(;)472 307 y(trailing)30 b(p)s(ositions)h(not)i(used)g(are)g(set)g(=) |
| | 32666 | g(0.)0 415 y Fq(MINT\(25\),)54 b(MINT\(26\))f(:)48 b |
| | 32667 | Fw(KF)e(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(co)s(des)h(of)e(the)i(pro)s(ducts)f(in)f(the) |
| | 32668 | h(deca)m(y)i(of)d(a)g(single)g Fj(s)p Fw(-)472 523 y(c)m(hannel)40 |
| | 32669 | b(resonance)g(formed)e(in)g(the)h(hard)g(in)m(teraction.)61 |
| | 32670 | b(Are)39 b(th)m(us)h(only)e(used)i(when)472 632 y Fq(MINT\(3\)=1)35 |
| | 32671 | b Fw(and)e(the)g(resonance)h(is)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 32672 | b(.)0 740 y Fq(MINT\(31\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)34 |
| | 32673 | b(of)f(hard)h(or)f(semi-hard)g(scatterings)h(that)f(o)s(ccurred)i(in)e |
| | 32674 | (the)h(curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m(t)472 848 y(in)d(the)h(m)m(ultiple-in)m |
| | 32675 | (teraction)c(scenario;)j(is)g(=)h(0)f(for)g(a)g(lo)m(w-)p |
| | 32676 | Fj(p)2772 863 y Fk(?)2863 848 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t.)0 957 |
| | 32677 | y Fq(MINT\(35\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(in)25 b(a)h(true)g(2)h |
| | 32678 | Fn(!)g Fw(3)f(pro)s(cess,)j(where)e(one)f(particle)e(is)i(a)f |
| | 32679 | (resonance)i(with)f(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannel)472 1065 y(selected)48 |
| | 32680 | b(already)e(b)s(efore)h(the)g Fq(PYRESD)h Fw(call,)g(the)f(deca)m(y)h |
| | 32681 | (c)m(hannel)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(\(in)g(the)472 1173 y |
| | 32682 | Fq(/LUDAT3/)35 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(ering\))d(is)g(stored)h(here.)0 |
| | 32683 | 1282 y Fq(MINT\(41\),)54 b(MINT\(42\))f(:)48 b Fw(t)m(yp)s(e)33 |
| | 32684 | b(of)e(incoming)f(b)s(eam)h(or)h(target)g(particle;)f(1)h(for)f(lepton) |
| | 32685 | h(and)g(2)g(for)472 1390 y(hadron.)43 b(A)30 b(photon)g(coun)m(ts)h(as) |
| | 32686 | f(a)g(lepton)g(if)f(it)f(is)i(not)g(resolv)m(ed)h(\()p |
| | 32687 | Fq(MSTP\(14\)=0)p Fw(\))h(and)e(as)472 1498 y(a)j(hadron)f(if)g(it)f |
| | 32688 | (is)h(resolv)m(ed)i(\()p Fq(MSTP\(14\))p Fn(\025)c Fw(1\).)0 |
| | 32689 | 1607 y Fq(MINT\(43\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(com)m(bination)35 |
| | 32690 | b(of)h(incoming)f(b)s(eam)h(and)h(target)f(particles.)56 |
| | 32691 | b(A)37 b(photon)g(coun)m(ts)h(as)f(a)472 1715 y(hadron.)236 |
| | 32692 | 1823 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(lepton)32 b(on)g(lepton.)236 |
| | 32693 | 1932 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(lepton)32 b(on)g(hadron.)236 |
| | 32694 | 2040 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(hadron)32 b(on)h(lepton.)236 |
| | 32695 | 2148 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(hadron)32 b(on)h(hadron.)0 |
| | 32696 | 2257 y Fq(MINT\(44\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(as)33 b Fq(MINT\(43\))p |
| | 32697 | Fw(,)h(but)f(a)g(photon)f(coun)m(ts)i(as)f(a)f(lepton.)0 |
| | 32698 | 2365 y Fq(MINT\(45\),)54 b(MINT\(46\))f(:)48 b Fw(structure)33 |
| | 32699 | b(of)g(incoming)d(b)s(eam)i(and)g(target)h(particles.)236 |
| | 32700 | 2473 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(no)36 b(in)m(ternal)g(structure,)j |
| | 32701 | (i.e.)56 b(an)37 b(electron)g(or)g(photon)f(carrying)h(the)g(full)e(b)s |
| | 32702 | (eam)709 2582 y(energy)-8 b(.)236 2690 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 32703 | b Fw(de\014ned)41 b(with)f(parton)f(distributions)g(that)g(are)h(not)g |
| | 32704 | (p)s(eak)m(ed)h(at)f Fj(x)g Fw(=)g(1,)i(i.e.)65 b(a)709 |
| | 32705 | 2798 y(hadron)32 b(or)g(a)h(resolv)m(ed)g(photon.)236 |
| | 32706 | 2907 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(de\014ned)26 b(with)e(parton)h |
| | 32707 | (distributions)e(that)i(are)f(p)s(eak)m(ed)i(at)f Fj(x)j |
| | 32708 | Fw(=)g(1,)e(i.e.)40 b(a)25 b(resolv)m(ed)709 3015 y(electron.)0 |
| | 32709 | 3123 y Fq(MINT\(47\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(com)m(bination)23 |
| | 32710 | b(of)j(incoming)d(b)s(eam-)h(and)i(target-particle)d |
| | 32711 | (parton-distribution)g(func-)472 3232 y(tion)32 b(t)m(yp)s(es.)236 |
| | 32712 | 3340 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(no)32 b(parton)g(distribution)f(either) |
| | 32713 | i(for)f(b)s(eam)f(or)i(target.)236 3448 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 32714 | b Fw(parton)32 b(distributions)f(for)h(target)g(but)h(not)g(for)f(b)s |
| | 32715 | (eam.)236 3557 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(parton)32 b(distributions)f |
| | 32716 | (for)h(b)s(eam)g(but)h(not)f(for)g(target.)236 3665 y |
| | 32717 | Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(parton)36 b(distributions)f(for)h(b)s(oth)g(b) |
| | 32718 | s(eam)f(and)i(target,)g(but)g(not)f(b)s(oth)g(p)s(eak)m(ed)i(at)709 |
| | 32719 | 3774 y Fj(x)28 b Fw(=)f(1.)236 3882 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 |
| | 32720 | b Fw(parton)30 b(distributions)g(for)g(b)s(oth)h(b)s(eam)f(and)h |
| | 32721 | (target,)g(with)f(b)s(oth)h(p)s(eak)m(ed)h(at)f Fj(x)d |
| | 32722 | Fw(=)709 3990 y(1.)0 4099 y Fq(MINT\(48\))53 b(:)48 b |
| | 32723 | Fw(total)31 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)f(subpro)s(cesses)k(switc)m(hed)d |
| | 32724 | (on.)0 4207 y Fq(MINT\(49\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)37 |
| | 32725 | b(of)f(subpro)s(cesses)k(that)d(are)f(switc)m(hed)i(on,)g(apart)e(from) |
| | 32726 | g(elastic)g(scattering)472 4315 y(and)d(single,)f(double)g(and)h(cen)m |
| | 32727 | (tral)f(di\013ractiv)m(e.)0 4424 y Fq(MINT\(50\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 32728 | b Fw(com)m(bination)j(of)j(incoming)d(particles)i(from)f(a)h(m)m |
| | 32729 | (ultiple)e(in)m(teractions)i(p)s(oin)m(t)g(of)472 4532 |
| | 32730 | y(view.)236 4640 y Fq(=)f(0)f(:)217 b Fw(the)40 b(total)e(cross)i |
| | 32731 | (section)g(is)f(not)h(kno)m(wn;)k(therefore)c(no)g(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m |
| | 32732 | (teractions)709 4749 y(are)32 b(p)s(ossible.)236 4857 |
| | 32733 | y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)34 b(total)e(cross)i(section)g(is)f(kno) |
| | 32734 | m(wn;)j(therefore)e(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m(teractions)i(are)h(p)s(os-)709 |
| | 32735 | 4965 y(sible)d(if)h(switc)m(hed)i(on.)0 5074 y Fq(MINT\(51\))53 |
| | 32736 | b(:)48 b Fw(in)m(ternal)31 b(\015ag)i(that)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(failed)d |
| | 32737 | (cuts.)236 5182 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)32 b(problem.)236 |
| | 32738 | 5290 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)34 b(failed;)d(new)j(one)e |
| | 32739 | (to)h(b)s(e)f(generated.)236 5399 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 32740 | b Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)32 b(failed;)e(no)h(new)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)d(to)g(b)s |
| | 32741 | (e)h(generated)h(but)f(instead)g(con)m(trol)f(is)g(to)g(b)s(e)709 |
| | 32742 | 5507 y(giv)m(en)i(bac)m(k)i(to)e(used.)45 b(Is)33 b(in)m(tended)g(for)f |
| | 32743 | (user-de\014ned)j(pro)s(cesses,)g(when)e Fq(NUP=0)p Fw(.)0 |
| | 32744 | 5615 y Fq(MINT\(52\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(in)m(ternal)34 b(coun)m(ter)i(for)f |
| | 32745 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(lines)f(used)i(\(in)f Fq(/LUJETS/)p |
| | 32746 | Fw(\))i(b)s(efore)e(m)m(ultiple)e(in-)1817 5953 y(179)p |
| | 32747 | eop |
| | 32748 | %%Page: 180 186 |
| | 32749 | 180 185 bop 472 -18 a Fw(teractions)33 b(are)f(considered.)0 |
| | 32750 | 90 y Fq(MINT\(53\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(in)m(ternal)37 b(coun)m(ter)j(for)e |
| | 32751 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(lines)g(used)i(\(in)d Fq(/LUJETS/)p |
| | 32752 | Fw(\))k(b)s(efore)e(b)s(eam)e(rem-)472 198 y(nan)m(ts)d(are)e |
| | 32753 | (considered.)0 307 y Fq(MINT\(55\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(the)f(hea)m(viest)g |
| | 32754 | (new)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(switc)m(hed)g(on)f(for)g(QCD)g(pro)s(cesses,) |
| | 32755 | 52 b(sp)s(eci\014cally)45 b(the)472 415 y(\015a)m(v)m(our)34 |
| | 32756 | b(to)e(b)s(e)h(generated)g(for)f(ISUB)h(=)g(81,)f(82,)g(83)g(or)g(84.)0 |
| | 32757 | 523 y Fq(MINT\(56\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(the)24 b(hea)m(viest)g(new)g(\015a)m |
| | 32758 | (v)m(our)g(switc)m(hed)g(on)f(for)g(QED)g(pro)s(cesses,)k(sp)s |
| | 32759 | (eci\014cally)22 b(for)h(ISUB)472 632 y(=)33 b(85.)44 |
| | 32760 | b(Note)33 b(that,)g(unlik)m(e)g Fq(MINT\(55\))p Fw(,)i(the)e(hea)m |
| | 32761 | (viest)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(ma)m(y)e(here)i(b)s(e)f(a)g(lepton,)472 |
| | 32762 | 740 y(and)g(that)f(hea)m(vy)j(means)d(the)h(one)g(with)f(largest)g(KF)g |
| | 32763 | (co)s(de.)0 848 y Fq(MINT\(57\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)28 |
| | 32764 | b(of)g(times)e(the)j(b)s(eam)e(remnan)m(t)h(treatmen)m(t)f(has)i |
| | 32765 | (failed,)e(and)h(the)g(same)g(basic)472 957 y(kinematical)e(setup)k(is) |
| | 32766 | e(used)i(to)f(pro)s(duce)g(a)f(new)i(parton)e(sho)m(w)m(er)j(ev)m |
| | 32767 | (olution)c(and)i(b)s(eam)472 1065 y(remnan)m(t)37 b(set.)57 |
| | 32768 | b(Mainly)35 b(used)j(in)e(leptopro)s(duction,)g(for)h(the)g(option)e |
| | 32769 | (when)j Fj(x)f Fw(and)g Fj(Q)3740 1029 y Fl(2)472 1173 |
| | 32770 | y Fw(are)c(to)f(b)s(e)h(preserv)m(ed.)0 1282 y Fq(MINT\(61\))53 |
| | 32771 | b(:)48 b Fw(in)m(ternal)30 b(switc)m(h)i(for)f(the)g(mo)s(de)g(of)g(op) |
| | 32772 | s(eration)f(of)g(resonance)j(width)e(calculations)e(in)472 |
| | 32773 | 1390 y Fq(PYWIDT)35 b Fw(for)d Fj(\015)1018 1354 y Fk(\003)1057 |
| | 32774 | 1390 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1166 1354 y Fl(0)1237 1390 y Fw(or)h |
| | 32775 | Fj(\015)1413 1354 y Fk(\003)1452 1390 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1561 |
| | 32776 | 1354 y Fl(0)1600 1390 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1709 1354 y Fk(0)p |
| | 32777 | Fl(0)1767 1390 y Fw(.)236 1498 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 32778 | b Fw(without)32 b(reference)i(to)e(initial-state)d(\015a)m(v)m(ours.) |
| | 32779 | 236 1607 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(with)32 b(reference)i(to)e(giv)m |
| | 32780 | (en)h(initial-state)c(\015a)m(v)m(ours.)236 1715 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 32781 | b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(for)32 b(giv)m(en)g(\014nal-state)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours.) |
| | 32782 | 0 1823 y Fq(MINT\(62\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(in)m(ternal)31 |
| | 32783 | b(switc)m(h)j(for)e(use)h(at)f(initialization)27 b(of)33 |
| | 32784 | b(H)2412 1787 y Fl(0)2484 1823 y Fw(width.)236 1932 y |
| | 32785 | Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(use)33 b(widths)g(in)m(to)f(ZZ)1510 |
| | 32786 | 1896 y Fk(\003)1581 1932 y Fw(or)g(WW)1901 1896 y Fk(\003)1974 |
| | 32787 | 1932 y Fw(calculated)g(b)s(efore.)236 2040 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 32788 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(ev)-5 b(aluate)32 b(widths)h(in)m(to)e(ZZ)1723 |
| | 32789 | 2004 y Fk(\003)1795 2040 y Fw(or)h(WW)2115 2004 y Fk(\003)2188 |
| | 32790 | 2040 y Fw(for)g(curren)m(t)h(Higgs)f(mass.)0 2148 y Fq(MINT\(65\))53 |
| | 32791 | b(:)48 b Fw(in)m(ternal)31 b(switc)m(h)j(to)e(indicate)f |
| | 32792 | (initialization)c(without)33 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(reaction.)236 |
| | 32793 | 2257 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(normal)30 b(initialization.)236 |
| | 32794 | 2365 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(initialization)27 b(with)32 |
| | 32795 | b(argumen)m(t)g Fq('none')i Fw(in)e Fq(PYINIT)i Fw(call.)0 |
| | 32796 | 2473 y Fq(MINT\(71\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(switc)m(h)33 b(to)f(tell)f(whether) |
| | 32797 | j(curren)m(t)g(pro)s(cess)g(is)e(singular)f(for)h Fj(p)2866 |
| | 32798 | 2488 y Fk(?)2953 2473 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(0)32 b(or)h(not.)236 |
| | 32799 | 2582 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(non-singular)31 b(pro)s(cess,)j(i.e.)44 |
| | 32800 | b(pro)s(ceeding)33 b(via)f(an)h Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)g(resonance)h(or) |
| | 32801 | f(with)709 2690 y(b)s(oth)f(pro)s(ducts)h(ha)m(ving)g(a)f(mass)g(ab)s |
| | 32802 | (o)m(v)m(e)i Fq(CKIN\(6\))p Fw(.)236 2798 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 32803 | b Fw(singular)31 b(pro)s(cess.)0 2907 y Fq(MINT\(72\))53 |
| | 32804 | b(:)48 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)33 b(of)f Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)g |
| | 32805 | (resonances)j(that)d(ma)m(y)h(con)m(tribute)f(to)h(the)g(cross)g |
| | 32806 | (section.)0 3015 y Fq(MINT\(73\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(KF)32 |
| | 32807 | b(co)s(de)h(of)f(\014rst)h Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)f(resonance;)i(0)f(if) |
| | 32808 | e(there)i(is)g(none.)0 3123 y Fq(MINT\(74\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 32809 | b Fw(KF)32 b(co)s(de)h(of)f(second)i Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)e |
| | 32810 | (resonance;)i(0)f(if)e(there)i(is)f(none.)0 3232 y Fq(MINT\(81\))53 |
| | 32811 | b(:)48 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)33 b(of)f(selected)i(pile-up)d(ev)m(en)m |
| | 32812 | (ts.)0 3340 y Fq(MINT\(82\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(sequence)35 |
| | 32813 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)f(curren)m(tly)i(considered)f(pile-up)e(ev)m(en) |
| | 32814 | m(t.)0 3448 y Fq(MINT\(83\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)39 |
| | 32815 | b(of)f(lines)f(in)h(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record)f(already)f(\014lled)f |
| | 32816 | (b)m(y)i(previously)g(considered)472 3557 y(pile-up)32 |
| | 32817 | b(ev)m(en)m(ts.)0 3665 y Fq(MINT\(84\))53 b(:)48 b(MINT\(83\))53 |
| | 32818 | b(+)f(MSTP\(126\))p Fw(,)e(i.e.)80 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)45 |
| | 32819 | b(of)g(lines)f(already)g(\014lled)g(b)m(y)h(previously)472 |
| | 32820 | 3774 y(considered)27 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(plus)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f |
| | 32821 | (lines)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(k)m(ept)i(free)f(for)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(do)s(cumen)m |
| | 32822 | (tation.)0 3882 y Fq(MINT\(91\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(is)c(1)g(for)f(a)h |
| | 32823 | (lepton{hadron)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(and)e(0)g(else.)79 b(Used)45 |
| | 32824 | b(to)f(determine)g(whether)i(a)472 3990 y Fq(PYFRAM\(3\))35 |
| | 32825 | b Fw(call)c(is)h(p)s(ossible.)0 4099 y Fq(MINT\(92\))53 |
| | 32826 | b(:)48 b Fw(is)43 b(used)h(to)f(denote)i(region)d(in)h(\()p |
| | 32827 | Fj(x;)17 b(Q)2000 4062 y Fl(2)2039 4099 y Fw(\))44 b(plane)f(when)h |
| | 32828 | Fq(MSTP\(57\)=2)p Fw(,)49 b(according)43 b(to)472 4207 |
| | 32829 | y(n)m(um)m(b)s(ering)33 b(in)e([Sc)m(h93a)q(].)44 b(Simply)30 |
| | 32830 | b(put,)j(0)g(means)f(that)h(the)g(mo)s(di\014ed)e(proton)i(parton)472 |
| | 32831 | 4315 y(distributions)e(w)m(ere)j(not)e(used,)h(1)f(large)f |
| | 32832 | Fj(x)h Fw(and)h Fj(Q)2362 4279 y Fl(2)2401 4315 y Fw(,)f(2)g(small)e |
| | 32833 | Fj(Q)2873 4279 y Fl(2)2945 4315 y Fw(but)i(large)f Fj(x)p |
| | 32834 | Fw(,)i(3)f(small)472 4424 y Fj(x)h Fw(but)g(large)f Fj(Q)1055 |
| | 32835 | 4387 y Fl(2)1127 4424 y Fw(and)h(4)f(small)e Fj(x)j Fw(and)g |
| | 32836 | Fj(Q)2008 4387 y Fl(2)2047 4424 y Fw(.)0 4532 y Fq(MINT\(93\))53 |
| | 32837 | b(:)48 b Fw(is)37 b(used)i(to)f(k)m(eep)h(trac)m(k)g(of)e(parton)h |
| | 32838 | (distribution)e(set)j(used)g(in)e(the)h(latest)g Fq(STRUCTM)472 |
| | 32839 | 4640 y Fw(call)50 b(to)g Fm(Pdflib)p Fw(.)100 b(The)52 |
| | 32840 | b(co)s(de)f(for)g(this)f(set)i(is)f(stored)g(in)g(the)g(form)f |
| | 32841 | Fq(MINT\(93\))j(=)472 4749 y(1000000)p Fn(\002)p Fq(NPTYPE)j(+)51 |
| | 32842 | b(1000)p Fn(\002)p Fq(NGROUP)k(+)c(NSET)p Fw(.)28 b(The)f(stored)g |
| | 32843 | (previous)g(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(is)g(com-)472 4857 y(pared)k(with)f(the)h |
| | 32844 | (curren)m(t)g(new)g(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(to)g(decide)g(whether)i(a)e |
| | 32845 | Fq(PDFSET)i Fw(call)c(is)i(needed)i(to)472 4965 y(switc)m(h)j(to)e |
| | 32846 | (another)h(set.)0 5074 y Fq(MINT\(101\),)54 b(MINT\(102\))g(:)47 |
| | 32847 | b Fw(is)32 b(normally)e(1,)i(but)g(is)g(4)g(when)h(a)f(resolv)m(ed)h |
| | 32848 | (photon)f(\(app)s(earing)g(on)472 5182 y(side)40 b(1)e(or)h(2\))g(can)g |
| | 32849 | (b)s(e)g(represen)m(ted)j(b)m(y)e(either)f(of)f(the)i(four)f(v)m(ector) |
| | 32850 | h(mesons)f Fj(\032)3482 5146 y Fl(0)3522 5182 y Fw(,)i |
| | 32851 | Fj(!)t Fw(,)f Fj(\036)472 5290 y Fw(and)33 b(J)p Fj(= )t |
| | 32852 | Fw(.)0 5399 y Fq(MINT\(103\),)54 b(MINT\(104\))g(:)47 |
| | 32853 | b Fw(KF)32 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(co)s(de)f(for)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 32854 | (incoming)d(particles,)i(i.e.)44 b(the)33 b(same)472 |
| | 32855 | 5507 y(as)j Fq(MINT\(11\))g Fw(and)f Fq(MINT\(12\))p |
| | 32856 | Fw(.)53 b(The)36 b(exception)f(is)g(when)h(a)e(resolv)m(ed)i(photon)f |
| | 32857 | (is)g(rep-)472 5615 y(resen)m(ted)j(b)m(y)e(a)f(v)m(ector)i(meson)e |
| | 32858 | (\(a)h Fj(\032)1850 5579 y Fl(0)1889 5615 y Fw(,)h Fj(!)t |
| | 32859 | Fw(,)e Fj(\036)g Fw(or)g(J)p Fj(= )t Fw(\).)52 b(Then)37 |
| | 32860 | b(the)f(co)s(de)g(of)f(the)g(v)m(ector)1817 5953 y(180)p |
| | 32861 | eop |
| | 32862 | %%Page: 181 187 |
| | 32863 | 181 186 bop 472 -18 a Fw(meson)33 b(is)f(giv)m(en.)0 |
| | 32864 | 90 y Fq(MINT\(105\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(is)39 b(either)g Fq(MINT\(103\))j |
| | 32865 | Fw(or)d Fq(MINT\(104\))p Fw(,)44 b(dep)s(ending)39 b(on)h(whic)m(h)f |
| | 32866 | (side)h(of)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)472 198 y(curren)m(tly)34 |
| | 32867 | b(is)e(b)s(eing)g(studied.)0 307 y Fq(MINT\(107\),)54 |
| | 32868 | b(MINT\(108\))g(:)47 b Fw(if)42 b(either)g(or)h(b)s(oth)g(of)f(the)h(t) |
| | 32869 | m(w)m(o)h(incoming)c(particles)i(is)h(a)f(photon,)472 |
| | 32870 | 415 y(then)32 b(the)g(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 |
| | 32871 | b(giv)m(es)g(the)h(nature)f(assumed)h(for)e(that)h(photon.)43 |
| | 32872 | b(The)32 b(co)s(de)472 523 y(follo)m(ws)g(the)h(one)g(used)g(for)f |
| | 32873 | Fq(MSTP\(14\))p Fw(:)236 632 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b |
| | 32874 | Fw(direct)32 b(photon.)236 740 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 32875 | b Fw(resolv)m(ed)33 b(photon.)236 848 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 32876 | b Fw(VMD-lik)m(e)31 b(photon.)236 957 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 |
| | 32877 | b Fw(anomalous)31 b(photon.)0 1065 y Fq(MINT\(109\))54 |
| | 32878 | b(:)47 b Fw(is)39 b(either)g Fq(MINT\(107\))j Fw(or)d |
| | 32879 | Fq(MINT\(108\))p Fw(,)44 b(dep)s(ending)39 b(on)h(whic)m(h)f(side)h(of) |
| | 32880 | f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)472 1173 y(curren)m(tly)34 b(is)e(b)s(eing)g |
| | 32881 | (studied.)0 1282 y Fq(MINT\(111\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(the)42 |
| | 32882 | b(frame)e(giv)m(en)i(in)f Fq(PYINIT)i Fw(call,)f(0{5)e(for)h |
| | 32883 | Fq('NONE')p Fw(,)i Fq('CMS')p Fw(,)g Fq('FIXT')p Fw(,)g |
| | 32884 | Fq('USER')p Fw(,)472 1390 y Fq('FOUR')35 b Fw(and)d Fq('FIVE')p |
| | 32885 | Fw(,)i(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)0 1498 y Fq(MINT\(121\))54 |
| | 32886 | b(:)47 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)33 b(of)f(separate)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(classes) |
| | 32887 | g(to)e(initialize)c(and)33 b(mix.)236 1607 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 32888 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)33 b(normal)d(v)-5 b(alue.)236 1715 |
| | 32889 | y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(for)32 b(a)g Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)33 |
| | 32890 | b(in)m(teraction)e(when)j Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(.)236 |
| | 32891 | 1823 y Fq(=)52 b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(for)32 b(a)g Fj(\015)5 |
| | 32892 | b(\015)38 b Fw(in)m(teraction)31 b(when)j Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p |
| | 32893 | Fw(.)0 1932 y Fq(MINT\(122\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)42 |
| | 32894 | b(class)e(used)h(in)e(curren)m(t)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(for)e |
| | 32895 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)40 b(or)f Fj(\015)5 b(\015)45 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)e |
| | 32896 | (generated)d(with)g(the)472 2040 y Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)c |
| | 32897 | Fw(option;)31 b(co)s(de)i(as)g(describ)s(ed)h(for)e Fq(MSTI\(9\))p |
| | 32898 | Fw(.)0 2148 y Fq(MINT\(123\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)26 |
| | 32899 | b(class)f(used)g(in)e(the)i(curren)m(t)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)j(with)c(the)h |
| | 32900 | (same)f(list)f(of)g(p)s(ossibilities)f(as)i(for)472 2257 |
| | 32901 | y Fq(MSTP\(14\))p Fw(,)30 b(except)e(that)f(options)f(1,)h(4)f(or)g(10) |
| | 32902 | g(do)h(not)f(app)s(ear.)41 b(Apart)27 b(from)e(a)h(di\013eren)m(t)472 |
| | 32903 | 2365 y(co)s(ding,)32 b(this)g(is)g(exactly)h(the)g(same)g(information)c |
| | 32904 | (as)k(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b(in)i Fq(MINT\(122\))p |
| | 32905 | Fw(.)0 2528 y Fq(VINT\(1\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(E)581 2543 |
| | 32906 | y Fl(cm)675 2528 y Fw(,)33 b(c.m.)43 b(energy)-8 b(.)0 |
| | 32907 | 2636 y Fq(VINT\(2\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(s)32 b Fw(\(=)c Fj(E)807 |
| | 32908 | 2600 y Fl(2)801 2661 y(cm)895 2636 y Fw(\))33 b(squared)h(mass)e(of)g |
| | 32909 | (complete)g(system.)0 2744 y Fq(VINT\(3\))53 b(:)48 b |
| | 32910 | Fw(mass)32 b(of)g(b)s(eam)g(particle.)0 2853 y Fq(VINT\(4\))53 |
| | 32911 | b(:)48 b Fw(mass)32 b(of)g(target)h(particle.)0 2961 |
| | 32912 | y Fq(VINT\(5\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(momen)m(tum)31 b(of)h(b)s(eam)g(\(and)g |
| | 32913 | (target\))g(particle)g(in)g(c.m.)43 b(frame.)0 3069 y |
| | 32914 | Fq(VINT\(6\))53 b(-)f(VINT\(10\))h(:)48 b Fj(\022)s Fw(,)g |
| | 32915 | Fj(')d Fw(and)h Fb(\014)i Fw(for)d(rotation)e(and)j(b)s(o)s(ost)e(from) |
| | 32916 | h(c.m.)81 b(frame)44 b(to)h(user-)472 3178 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)34 |
| | 32917 | b(frame.)0 3286 y Fq(VINT\(11\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(\034)602 |
| | 32918 | 3301 y Fl(min)724 3286 y Fw(.)0 3394 y Fq(VINT\(12\))53 |
| | 32919 | b(:)48 b Fj(y)608 3409 y Fl(min)729 3394 y Fw(.)0 3517 |
| | 32920 | y Fq(VINT\(13\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(cos)715 3491 y(^)707 3517 |
| | 32921 | y Fj(\022)752 3532 y Fl(min)907 3517 y Fw(for)32 b(cos)1211 |
| | 32922 | 3491 y(^)1203 3517 y Fj(\022)f Fn(\024)d Fw(0.)0 3636 |
| | 32923 | y Fq(VINT\(14\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(cos)715 3610 y(^)707 3636 |
| | 32924 | y Fj(\022)752 3651 y Fl(min)907 3636 y Fw(for)32 b(cos)1211 |
| | 32925 | 3610 y(^)1203 3636 y Fj(\022)f Fn(\025)d Fw(0.)0 3745 |
| | 32926 | y Fq(VINT\(15\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(x)615 3708 y Fl(2)615 |
| | 32927 | 3769 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)792 3745 y Fw(.)0 3853 y Fq(VINT\(16\))53 |
| | 32928 | b(:)48 b Fj(\034)613 3817 y Fk(0)602 3878 y Fl(min)724 |
| | 32929 | 3853 y Fw(.)0 3961 y Fq(VINT\(21\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(\034)11 |
| | 32930 | b Fw(.)0 4070 y Fq(VINT\(22\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(y)t Fw(.)0 |
| | 32931 | 4193 y Fq(VINT\(23\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(cos)715 4166 y(^)707 |
| | 32932 | 4193 y Fj(\022)s Fw(.)0 4301 y Fq(VINT\(24\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 32933 | b Fj(')32 b Fw(\(azim)m(uthal)f(angle\).)0 4409 y Fq(VINT\(25\))53 |
| | 32934 | b(:)48 b Fj(x)615 4373 y Fl(2)615 4434 y Fk(?)674 4409 |
| | 32935 | y Fw(.)0 4518 y Fq(VINT\(26\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(\034)613 |
| | 32936 | 4482 y Fk(0)637 4518 y Fw(.)0 4626 y Fq(VINT\(31\))53 |
| | 32937 | b(:)48 b Fj(\034)602 4641 y Fl(max)738 4626 y Fw(.)0 |
| | 32938 | 4734 y Fq(VINT\(32\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(y)608 4749 y Fl(max)743 |
| | 32939 | 4734 y Fw(.)0 4858 y Fq(VINT\(33\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(cos)715 |
| | 32940 | 4831 y(^)707 4858 y Fj(\022)752 4873 y Fl(max)921 4858 |
| | 32941 | y Fw(for)32 b(cos)1225 4831 y(^)1217 4858 y Fj(\022)f |
| | 32942 | Fn(\024)d Fw(0.)0 4976 y Fq(VINT\(34\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(cos)715 |
| | 32943 | 4950 y(^)707 4976 y Fj(\022)752 4991 y Fl(max)921 4976 |
| | 32944 | y Fw(for)32 b(cos)1225 4950 y(^)1217 4976 y Fj(\022)f |
| | 32945 | Fn(\025)d Fw(0.)0 5085 y Fq(VINT\(35\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(x)615 |
| | 32946 | 5048 y Fl(2)615 5109 y Fk(?)p Fl(max)806 5085 y Fw(.)0 |
| | 32947 | 5193 y Fq(VINT\(36\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(\034)613 5157 y Fk(0)602 |
| | 32948 | 5218 y Fl(max)738 5193 y Fw(.)0 5301 y Fq(VINT\(41\),)54 |
| | 32949 | b(VINT\(42\))f(:)48 b Fw(the)e(momen)m(tum)f(fractions)g |
| | 32950 | Fj(x)i Fw(tak)m(en)g(b)m(y)g(the)g(partons)f(at)g(the)g(hard)472 |
| | 32951 | 5410 y(in)m(teraction,)32 b(as)h(used)h(e.g.)43 b(in)32 |
| | 32952 | b(the)h(parton-distribution)d(functions.)0 5530 y Fq(VINT\(43\))53 |
| | 32953 | b(:)66 b Fw(^)-67 b Fj(m)28 b Fw(=)776 5445 y Fn(p)p |
| | 32954 | 859 5445 46 4 v 863 5530 a Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(,)33 |
| | 32955 | b(mass)g(of)f(hard-scattering)g(subsystem.)0 5638 y Fq(VINT\(44\))53 |
| | 32956 | b(:)f Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)32 b Fw(of)g(the)h(hard)g(subpro)s(cess)i(\(2)27 |
| | 32957 | b Fn(!)g Fw(2)33 b(or)f(2)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(1\).)1817 5953 |
| | 32958 | y(181)p eop |
| | 32959 | %%Page: 182 188 |
| | 32960 | 182 187 bop 0 -18 a Fq(VINT\(45\))53 b(:)561 -37 y Fw(^)560 |
| | 32961 | -18 y Fj(t)33 b Fw(of)f(the)h(hard)f(subpro)s(cess)j(\(2)27 |
| | 32962 | b Fn(!)h Fw(2)k(or)g(2)c Fn(!)f Fw(1)g Fn(!)h Fw(2\).)0 |
| | 32963 | 90 y Fq(VINT\(46\))53 b(:)h Fw(^)-55 b Fj(u)32 b Fw(of)g(the)h(hard)g |
| | 32964 | (subpro)s(cess)h(\(2)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(2)32 b(or)h(2)27 |
| | 32965 | b Fn(!)g Fw(1)h Fn(!)f Fw(2\).)0 198 y Fq(VINT\(47\))53 |
| | 32966 | b(:)j Fw(^)-57 b Fj(p)609 213 y Fk(?)698 198 y Fw(of)30 |
| | 32967 | b(the)h(hard)g(subpro)s(cess)h(\(2)27 b Fn(!)h Fw(2)i(or)g(2)d |
| | 32968 | Fn(!)h Fw(1)f Fn(!)g Fw(2\),)k(i.e.)42 b(transv)m(erse)33 |
| | 32969 | b(momen)m(tum)472 307 y(ev)-5 b(aluated)33 b(in)f(the)h(rest)g(frame)e |
| | 32970 | (of)i(the)g(scattering.)0 415 y Fq(VINT\(48\))53 b(:)j |
| | 32971 | Fw(^)-57 b Fj(p)609 379 y Fl(2)609 440 y Fk(?)700 415 |
| | 32972 | y Fw(of)33 b(the)g(hard)f(subpro)s(cess;)j(see)f Fq(VINT\(47\))p |
| | 32973 | Fw(.)0 523 y Fq(VINT\(49\))53 b(:)66 b Fw(^)-67 b Fj(m)645 |
| | 32974 | 487 y Fk(0)669 523 y Fw(,)44 b(the)f(mass)f(of)g(the)g(complete)g |
| | 32975 | (three-)g(or)g(four-b)s(o)s(dy)g(\014nal)f(state)i(in)e(2)j |
| | 32976 | Fn(!)g Fw(3)e(or)472 632 y(2)28 b Fn(!)f Fw(4)32 b(pro)s(cesses.)0 |
| | 32977 | 740 y Fq(VINT\(50\))53 b(:)f Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)606 704 |
| | 32978 | y Fk(0)657 740 y Fw(=)46 b(^)-68 b Fj(m)845 704 y Fk(0)p |
| | 32979 | Fl(2)904 740 y Fw(;)33 b(see)h Fq(VINT\(49\))p Fw(.)0 |
| | 32980 | 848 y Fq(VINT\(51\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(Q)43 b Fw(of)f(the)h(hard)g(subpro)s |
| | 32981 | (cess.)77 b(The)43 b(exact)h(de\014nition)e(is)g(pro)s(cess-dep)s |
| | 32982 | (enden)m(t,)48 b(see)472 957 y Fq(MSTP\(32\))p Fw(.)0 |
| | 32983 | 1065 y Fq(VINT\(52\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(Q)637 1029 y Fl(2)709 |
| | 32984 | 1065 y Fw(of)32 b(the)h(hard)g(subpro)s(cess;)i(see)e |
| | 32985 | Fq(VINT\(51\))p Fw(.)0 1173 y Fq(VINT\(53\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 32986 | b Fj(Q)24 b Fw(of)f(the)h(outer)g(hard-scattering)f(subpro)s(cess.)43 |
| | 32987 | b(Agrees)24 b(with)g Fq(VINT\(51\))h Fw(for)f(a)f(2)k |
| | 32988 | Fn(!)h Fw(1)472 1282 y(or)35 b(2)d Fn(!)f Fw(2)k(pro)s(cess.)52 |
| | 32989 | b(F)-8 b(or)34 b(a)h(2)c Fn(!)h Fw(3)i(or)h(2)d Fn(!)f |
| | 32990 | Fw(4)k(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z)g(fusion)f(pro)s(cess,)j(it)d(is)g(set)i(b)m(y)g |
| | 32991 | (the)472 1390 y(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z)d(mass)f(scale,)h(and)g(for)f(subpro)s |
| | 32992 | (cesses)j(121)d(and)h(122)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(hea)m(vy-quark)i(mass.)0 |
| | 32993 | 1498 y Fq(VINT\(54\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(Q)637 1462 y Fl(2)709 |
| | 32994 | 1498 y Fw(of)32 b(the)h(outer)g(hard-scattering)f(subpro)s(cess;)j(see) |
| | 32995 | e Fq(VINT\(53\))p Fw(.)0 1607 y Fq(VINT\(55\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 32996 | b Fj(Q)24 b Fw(scale)g(used)h(as)f(maxim)m(um)e(virtualit)m(y)g(in)i |
| | 32997 | (parton)f(sho)m(w)m(ers.)43 b(Is)25 b(equal)f(to)f Fq(VINT\(53\))p |
| | 32998 | Fw(,)472 1715 y(except)35 b(for)d(deep-inelastic-scattering)f(pro)s |
| | 32999 | (cesses)j(when)g Fq(MSTP\(22\))p Fj(>)c Fw(0.)0 1823 |
| | 33000 | y Fq(VINT\(56\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(Q)637 1787 y Fl(2)709 |
| | 33001 | 1823 y Fw(scale)33 b(in)f(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ers;)j(see)e |
| | 33002 | Fq(VINT\(55\))p Fw(.)0 1932 y Fq(VINT\(57\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 33003 | b Fj(\013)622 1947 y Fl(em)749 1932 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 33004 | b(of)g(hard)h(pro)s(cess.)0 2040 y Fq(VINT\(58\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 33005 | b Fj(\013)622 2055 y Fl(s)686 2040 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 33006 | b(of)h(hard)f(pro)s(cess.)0 2163 y Fq(VINT\(59\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 33007 | b Fw(sin)704 2137 y(^)696 2163 y Fj(\022)43 b Fw(\(cf.)66 |
| | 33008 | b Fq(VINT\(23\))p Fw(\);)46 b(used)41 b(for)e(impro)m(v)m(ed)h(n)m |
| | 33009 | (umerical)f(precision)g(in)g(elastic)g(and)472 2272 y(di\013ractiv)m(e) |
| | 33010 | 32 b(scattering.)0 2380 y Fq(VINT\(61\),)54 b(VINT\(62\))f(:)48 |
| | 33011 | b Fw(nominal)40 b Fj(m)1542 2344 y Fl(2)1625 2380 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 33012 | b(alues,)46 b(i.e.)75 b(without)43 b(initial-state)c(radiation)i |
| | 33013 | (e\013ects,)472 2488 y(for)32 b(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(partons)f(en)m |
| | 33014 | (tering)f(the)h(hard)g(in)m(teraction.)0 2597 y Fq(VINT\(63\),)54 |
| | 33015 | b(VINT\(64\))f(:)48 b Fw(nominal)31 b Fj(m)1533 2560 |
| | 33016 | y Fl(2)1607 2597 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)34 b(i.e.)47 b(without)33 |
| | 33017 | b(\014nal-state)h(radiation)d(e\013ects,)36 b(for)472 |
| | 33018 | 2705 y(the)d(t)m(w)m(o)h(\(or)e(one\))h(partons/particles)e(lea)m(ving) |
| | 33019 | h(the)h(hard)g(in)m(teraction.)0 2813 y Fq(VINT\(65\))53 |
| | 33020 | b(:)j Fw(^)-57 b Fj(p)609 2828 y Fl(init)719 2813 y Fw(,)34 |
| | 33021 | b(i.e.)45 b(common)32 b(nominal)f(absolute)j(momen)m(tum)e(of)h(the)h |
| | 33022 | (t)m(w)m(o)g(partons)f(en)m(tering)472 2922 y(the)g(hard)g(in)m |
| | 33023 | (teraction,)f(in)f(their)h(rest)i(frame.)0 3030 y Fq(VINT\(66\))53 |
| | 33024 | b(:)j Fw(^)-57 b Fj(p)609 3045 y Fl(\014n)691 3030 y |
| | 33025 | Fw(,)42 b(i.e.)63 b(common)39 b(nominal)d(absolute)k(momen)m(tum)e(of)h |
| | 33026 | (the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(partons)f(lea)m(ving)472 3138 y(the)33 |
| | 33027 | b(hard)g(in)m(teraction,)f(in)f(their)h(rest)i(frame.)0 |
| | 33028 | 3247 y Fq(VINT\(67\),)54 b(VINT\(68\))f(:)48 b Fw(mass)g(of)h(b)s(eam)f |
| | 33029 | (and)h(target)f(particle,)k(as)d Fq(VINT\(3\))i Fw(and)e |
| | 33030 | Fq(VINT\(4\))p Fw(,)472 3355 y(except)41 b(that)d(an)h(incoming)d |
| | 33031 | Fj(\015)44 b Fw(is)38 b(assigned)h(the)h Fj(\032)2383 |
| | 33032 | 3319 y Fl(0)2422 3355 y Fw(,)h Fj(!)h Fw(or)c Fj(\036)g |
| | 33033 | Fw(mass.)62 b(Used)40 b(for)e(elastic)472 3463 y(scattering)33 |
| | 33034 | b Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)28 b Fn(!)f Fj(\032)1238 3427 y Fl(0)1278 |
| | 33035 | 3463 y Fw(p)32 b(and)h(other)g(similar)c(pro)s(cesses.)0 |
| | 33036 | 3572 y Fq(VINT\(71\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(p)609 3587 y Fk(?)p |
| | 33037 | Fl(min)813 3572 y Fw(of)27 b(pro)s(cess,)i(i.e.)42 b |
| | 33038 | Fq(CKIN\(3\))29 b Fw(or)e Fq(CKIN\(5\))p Fw(,)j(dep)s(ending)e(on)f |
| | 33039 | (whic)m(h)h(is)f(larger,)g(and)472 3680 y(whether)34 |
| | 33040 | b(the)f(pro)s(cess)h(is)e(singular)f(in)h Fj(p)1984 3695 |
| | 33041 | y Fk(?)2071 3680 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(0)32 b(or)h(not.)0 3788 |
| | 33042 | y Fq(VINT\(73\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(\034)39 b Fw(=)28 b Fj(m)830 |
| | 33043 | 3752 y Fl(2)869 3788 y Fj(=s)33 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)g(\014rst)h |
| | 33044 | (resonance,)h(if)d(an)m(y;)j(see)f Fq(MINT\(73\))p Fw(.)0 |
| | 33045 | 3897 y Fq(VINT\(74\))53 b(:)48 b Fj(m)p Fw(\000)p Fj(=s)32 |
| | 33046 | b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)h(\014rst)g(resonance,)h(if)d(an)m(y;)i(see)h |
| | 33047 | Fq(MINT\(73\))p Fw(.)0 4005 y Fq(VINT\(75\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 33048 | b Fj(\034)39 b Fw(=)28 b Fj(m)830 3969 y Fl(2)869 4005 |
| | 33049 | y Fj(=s)33 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)g(second)i(resonance,)g(if)d(an)m |
| | 33050 | (y;)i(see)h Fq(MINT\(74\))p Fw(.)0 4113 y Fq(VINT\(76\))53 |
| | 33051 | b(:)48 b Fj(m)p Fw(\000)p Fj(=s)32 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 33052 | b(of)h(second)g(resonance,)h(if)e(an)m(y;)h(see)h Fq(MINT\(74\))p |
| | 33053 | Fw(.)0 4222 y Fq(VINT\(80\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(correction)40 |
| | 33054 | b(factor)f(\(ev)-5 b(aluated)40 b(in)f Fq(PYOFSH)p Fw(\))j(for)d(the)i |
| | 33055 | (cross)g(section)f(of)g(resonances)472 4330 y(pro)s(duced)30 |
| | 33056 | b(in)e(2)g Fn(!)f Fw(2)h(pro)s(cesses,)k(if)c(only)g(some)h(mass)f |
| | 33057 | (range)h(of)g(the)g(full)e(Breit{Wigner)472 4438 y(shap)s(e)34 |
| | 33058 | b(is)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)h(user-set)h(mass)e(cuts)i(\()p |
| | 33059 | Fq(CKIN\(2\))p Fw(,)g Fq(CKIN\(45\))54 b(-)d(CKIN\(48\))p |
| | 33060 | Fw(\).)0 4547 y Fq(VINT\(81\))i(-)f(VINT\(84\))h(:)48 |
| | 33061 | b Fw(the)39 b(cos)17 b Fj(\022)42 b Fw(and)d Fj(')g Fw(v)-5 |
| | 33062 | b(ariables)37 b(of)h(a)h(true)g(2)f Fn(!)g Fw(3)h(pro)s(cess,)i(where)f |
| | 33063 | (one)472 4655 y(pro)s(duct)33 b(is)e(a)h(resonance,)h(e\013ectiv)m(ely) |
| | 33064 | g(giving)d(2)d Fn(!)h Fw(4.)43 b(The)33 b(\014rst)f(t)m(w)m(o)g(are)g |
| | 33065 | (cos)18 b Fj(\022)35 b Fw(and)d Fj(')472 4763 y Fw(for)d(the)h |
| | 33066 | (resonance)h(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(the)e(other)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(ditto)e |
| | 33067 | (for)h(the)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(system)g(formed)e(b)m(y)472 |
| | 33068 | 4872 y(the)k(other)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(particles.)0 4980 y |
| | 33069 | Fq(VINT\(85\),)54 b(VINT\(86\))f(:)48 b Fw(transv)m(erse)43 |
| | 33070 | b(momen)m(ta)c(in)h(a)h(true)g(2)h Fn(!)f Fw(3)g(pro)s(cess;)46 |
| | 33071 | b(one)41 b(is)g(stored)g(in)472 5088 y Fq(VINT\(47\))d |
| | 33072 | Fw(\(that)d(of)f(the)i(Z)1514 5052 y Fl(0)1588 5088 y |
| | 33073 | Fw(in)f(gg)e Fn(!)e Fw(Z)2027 5052 y Fl(0)2066 5088 y |
| | 33074 | Fw(Q)p 2142 5010 76 4 v(Q\),)36 b(while)e(the)i(smaller)d(of)i(the)g |
| | 33075 | (other)h(t)m(w)m(o)472 5197 y(is)d(stored)g(in)f Fq(VINT\(85\))i |
| | 33076 | Fw(and)f(the)g(larger)e(in)h Fq(VINT\(86\))p Fw(.)0 5305 |
| | 33077 | y Fq(VINT\(91\),)54 b(VINT\(92\))f(:)48 b Fw(giv)m(es)c(a)g |
| | 33078 | (dimensionless)f(suppression)i(factor,)h(to)e(tak)m(e)g(in)m(to)g |
| | 33079 | (accoun)m(t)472 5413 y(reduction)30 b(in)e(cross)j(section)e(due)h(to)f |
| | 33080 | (the)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(c)m(hannels)h(for)f(a)g(W)3093 |
| | 33081 | 5377 y Fl(+)3152 5413 y Fw(W)3253 5377 y Fl(+)3342 5413 |
| | 33082 | y Fw(or)g(W)3559 5377 y Fk(\000)3619 5413 y Fw(W)3720 |
| | 33083 | 5377 y Fk(\000)472 5522 y Fw(pair,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 33084 | b(,)32 b(in)e(the)g(same)h(sense)h(as)e Fq(WIDS\(24,1\))j |
| | 33085 | Fw(giv)m(es)e(it)e(for)h(a)g(W)3334 5486 y Fl(+)3394 |
| | 33086 | 5522 y Fw(W)3495 5486 y Fk(\000)3584 5522 y Fw(pair.)0 |
| | 33087 | 5630 y Fq(VINT\(95\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(the)43 b(v)-5 b(alue)42 |
| | 33088 | b(of)g(the)h(Coulom)m(b)e(factor)h(in)g(the)h(curren)m(t)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 33089 | (t,)k(see)d Fq(MSTP\(40\))p Fw(.)75 b(F)-8 b(or)1817 |
| | 33090 | 5953 y(182)p eop |
| | 33091 | %%Page: 183 189 |
| | 33092 | 183 188 bop 472 -18 a Fq(MSTP\(40\)=0)36 b Fw(it)31 b(is)h(=)c(1,)k |
| | 33093 | (else)h(it)f(is)g Fj(>)27 b Fw(1.)0 90 y Fq(VINT\(98\))53 |
| | 33094 | b(:)48 b Fw(is)32 b(sum)g(of)40 b Fq(VINT\(100\))34 b |
| | 33095 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(for)f(curren)m(t)i(run.)0 198 y |
| | 33096 | Fq(VINT\(99\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(is)32 b(w)m(eigh)m(t)h Fq(WTXS)h |
| | 33097 | Fw(returned)f(from)f Fq(PYEVWT)i Fw(call)d(when)j Fq(MSTP\(142\))p |
| | 33098 | Fn(\025)c Fw(1,)j(otherwise)g(is)472 307 y(1.)0 415 y |
| | 33099 | Fq(VINT\(100\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(is)22 b(comp)s(ensating)f(w)m(eigh)m(t)i |
| | 33100 | Fq(1./WTXS)h Fw(that)e(should)g(b)s(e)g(asso)s(ciated)g(with)g(ev)m(en) |
| | 33101 | m(ts)i(when)472 523 y Fq(MSTP\(142\)=1)p Fw(,)36 b(otherwise)d(is)f(1.) |
| | 33102 | 0 632 y Fq(VINT\(108\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(ratio)30 b(of)h(maxim)m(um)e |
| | 33103 | (di\013eren)m(tial)h(cross)i(section)g(observ)m(ed)i(to)d(maxim)m(um)e |
| | 33104 | (di\013eren-)472 740 y(tial)i(cross)i(section)g(assumed)g(for)f(the)h |
| | 33105 | (generation;)f(cf.)44 b Fq(MSTP\(123\))p Fw(.)0 848 y |
| | 33106 | Fq(VINT\(109\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(ratio)25 b(of)h(minimal)d(\(negativ)m |
| | 33107 | (e!\))41 b(cross)28 b(section)e(observ)m(ed)j(to)d(maxim)m(um)e |
| | 33108 | (di\013eren)m(tial)472 957 y(cross)36 b(section)f(assumed)g(for)g(the)g |
| | 33109 | (generation;)g(could)f(only)g(b)s(ecome)h(negativ)m(e)g(if)f(cross)472 |
| | 33110 | 1065 y(sections)g(are)e(incorrectly)g(included.)0 1173 |
| | 33111 | y Fq(VINT\(111\))54 b(-)d(VINT\(116\))j(:)47 b Fw(for)h |
| | 33112 | Fq(MINT\(61\)=1)j Fw(giv)m(es)e(kinematical)c(factors)k(for)f(the)g |
| | 33113 | (di\013eren)m(t)472 1282 y(pieces)43 b(con)m(tributing)e(to)h |
| | 33114 | Fj(\015)1514 1245 y Fk(\003)1554 1282 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1663 |
| | 33115 | 1245 y Fl(0)1744 1282 y Fw(or)f Fj(\015)1928 1245 y Fk(\003)1968 |
| | 33116 | 1282 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2077 1245 y Fl(0)2116 1282 y Fj(=)p |
| | 33117 | Fw(Z)2225 1245 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2325 1282 y Fw(pro)s(duction,)j(for)d |
| | 33118 | Fq(MINT\(61\)=2)k Fw(giv)m(es)472 1390 y(sum)30 b(of)f(\014nal-state)f |
| | 33119 | (w)m(eigh)m(ts)j(for)e(the)h(same;)g(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)h(are)e(giv)m |
| | 33120 | (en)h(in)e(the)i(order)g(pure)472 1498 y Fj(\015)528 |
| | 33121 | 1462 y Fk(\003)568 1498 y Fw(,)47 b Fj(\015)698 1462 |
| | 33122 | y Fk(\003)737 1498 y Fw({Z)846 1462 y Fl(0)929 1498 y |
| | 33123 | Fw(in)m(terference,)h Fj(\015)1552 1462 y Fk(\003)1591 |
| | 33124 | 1498 y Fw({Z)1700 1462 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1802 1498 y Fw(in)m(terference,)g |
| | 33125 | (pure)d(Z)2663 1462 y Fl(0)2702 1498 y Fw(,)h(Z)2835 |
| | 33126 | 1462 y Fl(0)2875 1498 y Fw({Z)2984 1462 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)3085 |
| | 33127 | 1498 y Fw(in)m(terference)f(and)472 1607 y(pure)34 b(Z)755 |
| | 33128 | 1571 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)813 1607 y Fw(.)0 1715 y Fq(VINT\(117\))54 |
| | 33129 | b(:)47 b Fw(width)33 b(of)f(Z)1059 1679 y Fl(0)1098 1715 |
| | 33130 | y Fw(;)g(needed)i(in)e Fj(\015)1652 1679 y Fk(\003)1692 |
| | 33131 | 1715 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1801 1679 y Fl(0)1840 1715 y Fj(=)p |
| | 33132 | Fw(Z)1949 1679 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2039 1715 y Fw(pro)s(duction.)0 |
| | 33133 | 1823 y Fq(VINT\(131\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(total)39 b(cross)h(section)g(\(in) |
| | 33134 | f(m)m(b\))h(for)f(subpro)s(cesses)k(allo)m(w)m(ed)c(in)g(the)i(pile-up) |
| | 33135 | d(ev)m(en)m(ts)472 1932 y(scenario)33 b(according)f(to)g(the)h |
| | 33136 | Fq(MSTP\(132\))i Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)0 2040 y Fq(VINT\(132\))54 |
| | 33137 | b(:)p 611 1987 59 4 v 47 w Fj(n)28 b Fw(=)p Fq(VINT\(131\))p |
| | 33138 | Fn(\002)p Fq(PARP\(131\))p Fw(,)38 b(cf.)43 b Fq(PARI\(91\))p |
| | 33139 | Fw(.)0 2148 y Fq(VINT\(133\))54 b(:)47 b Fn(h)p Fj(n)p |
| | 33140 | Fn(i)37 b Fw(=)898 2082 y Fg(P)985 2169 y Fh(i)1030 2148 |
| | 33141 | y Fj(i)17 b Fn(P)1149 2163 y Fh(i)1178 2148 y Fj(=)1244 |
| | 33142 | 2082 y Fg(P)1331 2169 y Fh(i)1375 2148 y Fn(P)1444 2163 |
| | 33143 | y Fh(i)1511 2148 y Fw(as)39 b(actually)e(sim)m(ulated,)h(i.e.)61 |
| | 33144 | b(1)37 b Fn(\024)h Fj(i)g Fn(\024)g Fw(200)g(\(or)f(smaller\),)472 |
| | 33145 | 2257 y(see)d Fq(PARI\(92\))p Fw(.)0 2365 y Fq(VINT\(134\))54 |
| | 33146 | b(:)47 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(related)e(to)h(probabilit)m(y)e(to)h(ha)m |
| | 33147 | (v)m(e)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(in)d(b)s(eam{b)s(eam)g(crossing;)54 |
| | 33148 | b(is)472 2473 y(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p 736 2421 V Fj(n)q |
| | 33149 | Fw(\))850 2407 y Fg(P)937 2494 y Fh(i)p 982 2421 V 982 |
| | 33150 | 2473 a Fj(n)1040 2437 y Fh(i)1068 2473 y Fj(=i)p Fw(!)24 |
| | 33151 | b(for)f Fq(MSTP\(133\)=1)k Fw(and)d(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p |
| | 33152 | 2374 2421 V Fj(n)p Fw(\))2487 2407 y Fg(P)2574 2494 y |
| | 33153 | Fh(i)p 2619 2421 V 2619 2473 a Fj(n)2678 2437 y Fh(i)2706 |
| | 33154 | 2473 y Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(i)t Fn(\000)t Fw(1\)!)f(for)h |
| | 33155 | Fq(MSTP\(133\)=2)p Fw(,)472 2582 y(cf.)44 b Fq(PARI\(93\))p |
| | 33156 | Fw(.)0 2690 y Fq(VINT\(138\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(size)26 b(of)e(the)i |
| | 33157 | (threshold)f(factor)g(\(enhancemen)m(t)i(or)d(suppression\))j(in)d(the) |
| | 33158 | i(latest)f(ev)m(en)m(t)472 2798 y(with)33 b(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)h |
| | 33159 | (pro)s(duction;)e(see)i Fq(MSTP\(35\))p Fw(.)0 2907 y |
| | 33160 | Fq(VINT\(141\),)54 b(VINT\(142\))g(:)47 b Fj(x)33 b Fw(v)-5 |
| | 33161 | b(alues)32 b(for)g(the)h(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h(initiators)c(of)i(the)h |
| | 33162 | (hardest)g(in)m(ter-)472 3015 y(action;)f(used)i(to)e(\014nd)h(what)g |
| | 33163 | (is)f(left)g(for)g(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(teractions.)0 3123 |
| | 33164 | y Fq(VINT\(143\),)54 b(VINT\(144\))g(:)47 b Fw(1)t Fn(\000)1309 |
| | 33165 | 3057 y Fg(P)1396 3144 y Fh(i)1441 3123 y Fj(x)1496 3138 |
| | 33166 | y Fh(i)1548 3123 y Fw(for)23 b(all)e(scatterings;)27 |
| | 33167 | b(used)e(for)e(rescaling)f(eac)m(h)j(new)f Fj(x)p Fw(-v)-5 |
| | 33168 | b(alue)472 3232 y(in)32 b(the)h(m)m(ultiple-in)m(teraction)c |
| | 33169 | (parton-distribution-function)g(ev)-5 b(aluation.)0 3340 |
| | 33170 | y Fq(VINT\(145\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(estimate)26 b(of)g(total)e |
| | 33171 | (parton{parton)i(cross)h(section)g(for)f(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m |
| | 33172 | (teractions;)28 b(used)472 3448 y(for)k Fq(MSTP\(82\))p |
| | 33173 | Fn(\025)f Fw(2.)0 3557 y Fq(VINT\(146\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(common)38 |
| | 33174 | b(correction)h(factor)g Fj(f)1804 3572 y Fh(c)1878 3557 |
| | 33175 | y Fw(in)g(the)h(m)m(ultiple-in)m(teraction)35 b(probabilit)m(y;)41 |
| | 33176 | b(used)472 3665 y(for)32 b Fq(MSTP\(82\))p Fn(\025)f |
| | 33177 | Fw(2)h(\(part)g(of)g Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\),)i(see)f(eq.)h |
| | 33178 | (\(171\)\).)0 3774 y Fq(VINT\(147\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(a)m(v)m(erage)32 |
| | 33179 | b(hadronic)f(matter)f(o)m(v)m(erlap;)h(used)i(for)d Fq(MSTP\(82\))p |
| | 33180 | Fn(\025)g Fw(2)h(\(needed)i(in)d(ev)-5 b(alua-)472 3882 |
| | 33181 | y(tion)32 b(of)g Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\),)h(see)h(eq.)f(\(171\)\).) |
| | 33182 | 0 3990 y Fq(VINT\(148\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(enhancemen)m(t)24 |
| | 33183 | b(factor)d(for)h(curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(in)e(the)g(m)m(ultiple-in)m |
| | 33184 | (teraction)c(probabilit)m(y)-8 b(,)472 4099 y(de\014ned)27 |
| | 33185 | b(as)e(the)h(actual)e(o)m(v)m(erlap)h(divided)g(b)m(y)h(the)g(a)m(v)m |
| | 33186 | (erage)g(one;)i(used)e(for)e Fq(MSTP\(82\))p Fn(\025)31 |
| | 33187 | b Fw(2)472 4207 y(\(is)h Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))i(of)e(eq.)h |
| | 33188 | (\(171\)\).)0 4315 y Fq(VINT\(149\))54 b(:)47 b Fj(x)666 |
| | 33189 | 4279 y Fl(2)666 4340 y Fk(?)773 4315 y Fw(cut-o\013)h(or)f(turn-o\013)g |
| | 33190 | (for)h(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m(teractions.)89 b(F)-8 b(or)46 |
| | 33191 | b Fq(MSTP\(82\))p Fn(\024)57 b Fw(1)47 b(it)g(is)472 |
| | 33192 | 4424 y(4)p Fj(p)570 4387 y Fl(2)570 4448 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)747 |
| | 33193 | 4424 y Fj(=s)p Fw(,)32 b(for)g Fq(MSTP\(82\))p Fn(\025)e |
| | 33194 | Fw(2)j(it)e(is)h(4)p Fj(p)1940 4387 y Fl(2)1940 4448 |
| | 33195 | y Fk(?)p Fl(0)2034 4424 y Fj(=s)p Fw(.)0 4532 y Fq(VINT\(150\))54 |
| | 33196 | b(:)47 b Fw(probabilit)m(y)31 b(to)i(k)m(eep)i(the)e(giv)m(en)g(ev)m |
| | 33197 | (en)m(t)i(in)e(the)g(m)m(ultiple-in)m(teraction)c(scenario,)k(as)472 |
| | 33198 | 4640 y(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(`Sudak)m(o)m(v')h(form)d(factor.)0 |
| | 33199 | 4749 y Fq(VINT\(151\),)54 b(VINT\(152\))g(:)47 b Fw(sum)33 |
| | 33200 | b(of)f Fj(x)h Fw(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(for)g(all)f(the)i(m)m(ultiple-in)m |
| | 33201 | (teraction)28 b(partons.)0 4857 y Fq(VINT\(153\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 33202 | b Fw(curren)m(t)34 b(di\013eren)m(tial)c(cross)j(section)g(v)-5 |
| | 33203 | b(alue)31 b(obtained)h(from)f Fq(PYSIGH)p Fw(;)j(used)g(in)d(m)m(ul-) |
| | 33204 | 472 4965 y(tiple)h(in)m(teractions)g(only)-8 b(.)0 5074 |
| | 33205 | y Fq(VINT\(155\),)54 b(VINT\(156\))g(:)47 b Fw(the)36 |
| | 33206 | b Fj(x)f Fw(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)f(a)h(photon)g(that)g(branc)m(hes)i(in) |
| | 33207 | m(to)d(quarks)i(or)f(gluons,)472 5182 y(i.e.)43 b Fj(x)33 |
| | 33208 | b Fw(at)g(in)m(terface)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(initial-state)29 |
| | 33209 | b(QED)j(and)h(QCD)f(cascades.)0 5290 y Fq(VINT\(157\),)54 |
| | 33210 | b(VINT\(158\))g(:)47 b Fw(the)33 b(primordial)c Fj(k)1871 |
| | 33211 | 5305 y Fk(?)1962 5290 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(selected)g(in)f(the)h(t)m |
| | 33212 | (w)m(o)g(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(ts.)0 5399 y Fq(VINT\(159\),)54 |
| | 33213 | b(VINT\(160\))g(:)47 b Fw(the)25 b Fj(\037)f Fw(v)-5 |
| | 33214 | b(alues)25 b(selected)g(for)f(b)s(eam)g(remnan)m(ts)g(that)h(are)f |
| | 33215 | (split)f(in)m(to)h(t)m(w)m(o)472 5507 y(ob)5 b(jects,)34 |
| | 33216 | b(describing)d(ho)m(w)i(the)f(energy)h(is)f(shared)h(\(see)g |
| | 33217 | Fq(MSTP\(92\))h Fw(and)e Fq(MSTP\(94\))p Fw(\);)i(is)472 |
| | 33218 | 5615 y(0)f(if)e(no)i(splitting)d(is)i(needed.)1817 5953 |
| | 33219 | y(183)p eop |
| | 33220 | %%Page: 184 190 |
| | 33221 | 184 189 bop 0 -18 a Fq(VINT\(161\))54 b(-)d(VINT\(200\))j(:)47 |
| | 33222 | b Fw(sum)52 b(of)e(Cabibb)s(o{Koba)m(y)m(ashi{Mask)-5 |
| | 33223 | b(a)m(w)m(a)52 b(squared)g(matrix)e(ele-)472 90 y(men)m(ts)28 |
| | 33224 | b(that)f(a)g(giv)m(en)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)h |
| | 33225 | (couple)g(to.)42 b(Results)27 b(are)h(stored)f(in)g(format)472 |
| | 33226 | 198 y Fq(VINT\(180+KF\))35 b Fw(for)30 b(quark)i(and)f(lepton)f(\015a)m |
| | 33227 | (v)m(ours)j(and)e(an)m(ti\015a)m(v)m(ours)g(\(whic)m(h)h(need)g(not)472 |
| | 33228 | 307 y(b)s(e)g(the)f(same;)h(see)g Fq(MDME\(IDC,2\))p |
| | 33229 | Fw(\).)46 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(leptons,)i(these)g(factors)f(are)h(normally) |
| | 33230 | c(unit)m(y)-8 b(.)0 415 y Fq(VINT\(201\))54 b(-)d(VINT\(220\))j(:)47 |
| | 33231 | b Fw(additional)29 b(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(needed)j(in)d(phase-space)i |
| | 33232 | (selection)f(for)f(2)d Fn(!)472 523 y Fw(3)40 b(pro)s(cesses)h(with)e |
| | 33233 | Fq(ISET\(ISUB\)=5)p Fw(.)67 b(Belo)m(w)40 b(indices)f(1,)i(2)e(and)g(3) |
| | 33234 | g(refer)h(to)f(scattered)472 632 y(partons)34 b(1,)f(2)f(and)h(3,)g |
| | 33235 | (except)i(that)e(the)g Fj(q)k Fw(four-momen)m(tum)31 |
| | 33236 | b(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(are)i Fj(q)3408 647 y Fl(1)3471 |
| | 33237 | 632 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(q)3612 647 y Fl(2)3680 632 y Fn(!)472 |
| | 33238 | 740 y Fj(q)519 704 y Fk(0)515 765 y Fl(1)555 740 y Fj(q)602 |
| | 33239 | 704 y Fk(0)598 765 y Fl(2)638 740 y Fj(q)685 704 y Fk(0)681 |
| | 33240 | 765 y Fl(3)721 740 y Fw(.)42 b(All)28 b(kinematical)f(v)-5 |
| | 33241 | b(ariables)28 b(refer)i(to)f(the)h(in)m(ternal)f(kinematics)f(of)h(the) |
| | 33242 | h(3-b)s(o)s(dy)472 848 y(\014nal)36 b(state)h(|)f(the)g(kinematics)g |
| | 33243 | (of)f(the)i(system)g(as)g(a)f(whole)g(is)g(describ)s(ed)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 33244 | Fj(\034)3562 812 y Fk(0)3622 848 y Fw(and)472 957 y Fj(y)t |
| | 33245 | Fw(,)32 b(and)h(the)g(mass)f(distribution)f(of)h(particle)f(3)i(\(a)f |
| | 33246 | (resonance\))i(b)m(y)f Fj(\034)11 b Fw(.)236 1065 y Fq(VINT\(201\))54 |
| | 33247 | b(:)47 b Fj(m)932 1080 y Fl(1)972 1065 y Fw(.)236 1173 |
| | 33248 | y Fq(VINT\(202\))54 b(:)47 b Fj(p)896 1137 y Fl(2)896 |
| | 33249 | 1198 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)991 1173 y Fw(.)236 1282 y Fq(VINT\(203\))54 |
| | 33250 | b(:)47 b Fj(')911 1297 y Fl(1)951 1282 y Fw(.)236 1390 |
| | 33251 | y Fq(VINT\(204\))54 b(:)47 b Fj(M)941 1405 y Fl(1)1014 |
| | 33252 | 1390 y Fw(\(mass)32 b(of)g(propagator)g(particle\).)236 |
| | 33253 | 1498 y Fq(VINT\(205\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(w)m(eigh)m(t)33 |
| | 33254 | b(for)f(the)h Fj(p)1522 1462 y Fl(2)1522 1523 y Fk(?)p |
| | 33255 | Fl(1)1649 1498 y Fw(c)m(hoice.)236 1607 y Fq(VINT\(206\))54 |
| | 33256 | b(:)47 b Fj(m)932 1622 y Fl(2)972 1607 y Fw(.)236 1715 |
| | 33257 | y Fq(VINT\(207\))54 b(:)47 b Fj(p)896 1679 y Fl(2)896 |
| | 33258 | 1740 y Fk(?)p Fl(2)991 1715 y Fw(.)236 1823 y Fq(VINT\(208\))54 |
| | 33259 | b(:)47 b Fj(')911 1838 y Fl(2)951 1823 y Fw(.)236 1932 |
| | 33260 | y Fq(VINT\(209\))54 b(:)47 b Fj(M)941 1947 y Fl(2)1014 |
| | 33261 | 1932 y Fw(\(mass)32 b(of)g(propagator)g(particle\).)236 |
| | 33262 | 2040 y Fq(VINT\(210\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(w)m(eigh)m(t)33 |
| | 33263 | b(for)f(the)h Fj(p)1522 2004 y Fl(2)1522 2065 y Fk(?)p |
| | 33264 | Fl(2)1649 2040 y Fw(c)m(hoice.)236 2148 y Fq(VINT\(211\))54 |
| | 33265 | b(:)47 b Fj(y)895 2163 y Fl(3)934 2148 y Fw(.)236 2257 |
| | 33266 | y Fq(VINT\(212\))54 b(:)47 b Fj(y)895 2272 y Fl(3max)1066 |
| | 33267 | 2257 y Fw(.)236 2365 y Fq(VINT\(213\))54 b(:)47 b Fj(\017)28 |
| | 33268 | b Fw(=)g Fn(\006)p Fw(1;)33 b(c)m(hoice)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(t)m(w)m(o) |
| | 33269 | g(mirror)c(solutions)i(1)27 b Fn($)h Fw(2.)236 2473 y |
| | 33270 | Fq(VINT\(214\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(w)m(eigh)m(t)33 b(asso)s(ciated)g(to)f |
| | 33271 | Fj(\017)p Fw(-c)m(hoice.)236 2582 y Fq(VINT\(215\))54 |
| | 33272 | b(:)47 b Fj(t)882 2597 y Fl(1)950 2582 y Fw(=)27 b(\()p |
| | 33273 | Fj(q)1134 2597 y Fl(1)1196 2582 y Fn(\000)c Fj(q)1343 |
| | 33274 | 2546 y Fk(0)1339 2606 y Fl(1)1378 2582 y Fw(\))1416 2546 |
| | 33275 | y Fl(2)1456 2582 y Fw(.)236 2690 y Fq(VINT\(216\))54 |
| | 33276 | b(:)47 b Fj(t)882 2705 y Fl(2)950 2690 y Fw(=)27 b(\()p |
| | 33277 | Fj(q)1134 2705 y Fl(2)1196 2690 y Fn(\000)c Fj(q)1343 |
| | 33278 | 2654 y Fk(0)1339 2715 y Fl(2)1378 2690 y Fw(\))1416 2654 |
| | 33279 | y Fl(2)1456 2690 y Fw(.)236 2798 y Fq(VINT\(217\))54 |
| | 33280 | b(:)47 b Fj(q)890 2813 y Fl(1)930 2798 y Fj(q)977 2762 |
| | 33281 | y Fk(0)973 2823 y Fl(2)1045 2798 y Fw(four-pro)s(duct.)236 |
| | 33282 | 2907 y Fq(VINT\(218\))54 b(:)47 b Fj(q)890 2922 y Fl(2)930 |
| | 33283 | 2907 y Fj(q)977 2871 y Fk(0)973 2931 y Fl(1)1045 2907 |
| | 33284 | y Fw(four-pro)s(duct.)236 3015 y Fq(VINT\(219\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 33285 | b Fj(q)894 2979 y Fk(0)890 3040 y Fl(1)930 3015 y Fj(q)977 |
| | 33286 | 2979 y Fk(0)973 3040 y Fl(2)1045 3015 y Fw(four-pro)s(duct.)236 |
| | 33287 | 3156 y Fq(VINT\(220\))54 b(:)847 3055 y Fg(q)p 930 3055 |
| | 33288 | 1463 4 v 101 x Fw(\()p Fj(m)1053 3122 y Fl(2)1053 3181 |
| | 33289 | y Fk(?)p Fl(12)1205 3156 y Fn(\000)23 b Fj(m)1390 3122 |
| | 33290 | y Fl(2)1390 3181 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)1507 3156 y Fn(\000)f |
| | 33291 | Fj(m)1691 3122 y Fl(2)1691 3181 y Fk(?)p Fl(2)1786 3156 |
| | 33292 | y Fw(\))1824 3127 y Fl(2)1886 3156 y Fn(\000)g Fw(4)p |
| | 33293 | Fj(m)2119 3122 y Fl(2)2119 3181 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)2214 3156 |
| | 33294 | y Fj(m)2299 3122 y Fl(2)2299 3181 y Fk(?)p Fl(2)2393 |
| | 33295 | 3156 y Fw(,)57 b(where)c Fj(m)2863 3171 y Fk(?)p Fl(12)3045 |
| | 33296 | 3156 y Fw(is)f(the)g(transv)m(erse)709 3282 y(mass)32 |
| | 33297 | b(of)g(the)h Fj(q)1274 3246 y Fk(0)1270 3307 y Fl(1)1310 |
| | 33298 | 3282 y Fj(q)1357 3246 y Fk(0)1353 3307 y Fl(2)1425 3282 |
| | 33299 | y Fw(system.)0 3391 y Fq(VINT\(221\))54 b(-)d(VINT\(225\))j(:)47 |
| | 33300 | b Fj(\022)s Fw(,)58 b Fj(')53 b Fw(and)f Fb(\014)k Fw(for)c(rotation)f |
| | 33301 | (and)i(b)s(o)s(ost)f(from)g(c.m.)103 b(frame)52 b(to)472 |
| | 33302 | 3499 y(hadronic)32 b(c.m.)44 b(frame)31 b(of)h(a)h(lepton{hadron)f(ev)m |
| | 33303 | (en)m(t.)0 3607 y Fq(VINT\(231\))54 b(:)47 b Fj(Q)688 |
| | 33304 | 3571 y Fl(2)688 3632 y(min)843 3607 y Fw(scale)32 b(for)g(curren)m(t)i |
| | 33305 | (parton-distribution)c(function)i(set.)0 3716 y Fq(VINT\(232\))54 |
| | 33306 | b(:)47 b Fw(v)-5 b(alence)41 b(quark)h(distribution)c(of)j(a)f(VMD)h |
| | 33307 | (photon;)k(set)c(in)f Fq(PYSTFU)i Fw(and)f(used)h(in)472 |
| | 33308 | 3824 y Fq(PYSTFL)p Fw(.)0 3932 y Fq(VINT\(281\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 33309 | b Fw(for)40 b(resolv)m(ed)h(photon)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k(it)39 |
| | 33310 | b(giv)m(es)i(the)f(ratio)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)e(total)f |
| | 33311 | Fj(\015)5 b(X)48 b Fw(cross)472 4041 y(section)26 b(and)f(the)h(total)e |
| | 33312 | Fj(\031)1419 4004 y Fl(0)1458 4041 y Fj(X)33 b Fw(cross)27 |
| | 33313 | b(section,)g(where)f Fj(X)33 b Fw(represen)m(ts)28 b(the)e(target)f |
| | 33314 | (particle.)0 4149 y Fq(VINT\(283\),)54 b(VINT\(284\))g(:)47 |
| | 33315 | b Fw(virtualit)m(y)37 b(scale)j(at)e(whic)m(h)i(an)f(anomalous)e |
| | 33316 | (photon)j(on)f(the)g(b)s(eam)472 4257 y(or)33 b(target)f(side)h(of)f |
| | 33317 | (the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)d(b)s(eing)g(resolv)m(ed.)44 |
| | 33318 | b(More)34 b(precisely)-8 b(,)32 b(it)g(giv)m(es)h(the)g |
| | 33319 | Fj(p)3609 4221 y Fl(2)3609 4282 y Fk(?)3701 4257 y Fw(of)472 |
| | 33320 | 4366 y(the)g Fj(\015)g Fn(!)27 b Fw(q)p 902 4313 52 4 |
| | 33321 | v(q)34 b(v)m(ertex.)0 4474 y Fq(VINT\(285\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 33322 | b Fw(the)53 b Fq(CKIN\(3\))g Fw(v)-5 b(alue)52 b(pro)m(vided)g(b)m(y)h |
| | 33323 | (the)g(user)g(at)e(initialization;)57 b(subsequen)m(tly)472 |
| | 33324 | 4582 y Fq(CKIN\(3\))35 b Fw(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(o)m(v)m(erwritten)h(\(for) |
| | 33325 | d Fq(MSTP\(14\)=10)p Fw(\))36 b(but)d Fq(VINT\(285\))i |
| | 33326 | Fw(sta)m(ys.)0 4691 y Fq(VINT\(289\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(squared)34 |
| | 33327 | b(c.m.)43 b(energy)34 b(found)f(in)e Fq(PYINIT)k Fw(call.)0 |
| | 33328 | 4799 y Fq(VINT\(290\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(the)33 b Fq(WIN)g |
| | 33329 | Fw(argumen)m(t)g(of)f(a)g Fq(PYINIT)i Fw(call.)0 4907 |
| | 33330 | y Fq(VINT\(291\))54 b(-)d(VINT\(300\))j(:)47 b Fw(the)35 |
| | 33331 | b(t)m(w)m(o)f(\014v)m(e-v)m(ectors)j(of)c(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(incoming)d |
| | 33332 | (particles,)h(as)h(recon-)472 5016 y(structed)g(in)e |
| | 33333 | Fq(PYINKI)p Fw(.)i(These)h(ma)m(y)d(v)-5 b(ary)33 b(from)e(one)i(ev)m |
| | 33334 | (en)m(t)h(to)f(the)g(next.)p 0 5160 3286 9 v 0 5385 9 |
| | 33335 | 225 v 79 5300 a Fq(COMMON/PYINT2/ISET\(200\),)q(KFPR)q(\(200)q(,2\),)q |
| | 33336 | (COE)q(F\(20)q(0,20)q(\),IC)q(OL\()q(40,4)q(,2\))p 3277 |
| | 33337 | 5385 V 0 5393 3286 9 v 0 5525 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)33 |
| | 33338 | b(store)h(information)d(necessary)36 b(for)d(e\016cien)m(t)h |
| | 33339 | (generation)f(of)g(the)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(subpro-)472 |
| | 33340 | 5633 y(cesses,)i(sp)s(eci\014cally)c(t)m(yp)s(e)h(of)g(generation)f(sc) |
| | 33341 | m(heme)i(and)f(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)h(of)e(the)h(Jacobian.)1817 |
| | 33342 | 5953 y(184)p eop |
| | 33343 | %%Page: 185 191 |
| | 33344 | 185 190 bop 472 -18 a Fw(Also)34 b(to)f(store)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)e |
| | 33345 | (colour-\015o)m(w)g(con\014gurations.)48 b(These)36 b(v)-5 |
| | 33346 | b(ariables)32 b(m)m(ust)i(not)g(b)s(e)472 90 y(c)m(hanged)g(b)m(y)g(y)m |
| | 33347 | (ou.)0 198 y Fq(ISET\(ISUB\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(giv)m(es)26 |
| | 33348 | b(the)g(t)m(yp)s(e)g(of)f(kinematical-v)-5 b(ariable)21 |
| | 33349 | b(selection)k(sc)m(heme)h(used)h(for)d(subpro)s(cess)472 |
| | 33350 | 307 y(ISUB.)236 415 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(elastic,)31 |
| | 33351 | b(di\013ractiv)m(e)h(and)h(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)1908 430 y |
| | 33352 | Fk(?)1999 415 y Fw(pro)s(cesses.)236 523 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 33353 | b Fw(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(1)33 b(pro)s(cesses)h(\(irresp)s(ectiv)m(e)f(of)f |
| | 33354 | (subsequen)m(t)k(deca)m(ys\).)236 632 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 33355 | b Fw(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(2)33 b(pro)s(cesses)h(\(i.e.)43 |
| | 33356 | b(the)33 b(bulk)g(of)f(pro)s(cesses\).)236 740 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 33357 | b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(3)33 b(pro)s(cesses)h(\(lik)m(e)e(qq) |
| | 33358 | 1734 704 y Fk(0)1786 740 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(q)1964 704 y |
| | 33359 | Fk(00)2007 740 y Fw(q)2058 704 y Fk(000)2120 740 y Fw(H)2193 |
| | 33360 | 704 y Fl(0)2233 740 y Fw(\).)236 848 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 |
| | 33361 | b Fw(2)27 b Fn(!)g Fw(4)33 b(pro)s(cesses)h(\(lik)m(e)e(qq)1734 |
| | 33362 | 812 y Fk(0)1786 848 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(q)1964 812 y Fk(00)2007 |
| | 33363 | 848 y Fw(q)2058 812 y Fk(000)2120 848 y Fw(W)2221 812 |
| | 33364 | y Fl(+)2281 848 y Fw(W)2382 812 y Fk(\000)2442 848 y |
| | 33365 | Fw(\).)236 957 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(`true')33 b(2)27 |
| | 33366 | b Fn(!)h Fw(3)k(pro)s(cesses,)j(one)d(metho)s(d.)236 |
| | 33367 | 1065 y Fq(=)52 b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(`true')33 b(2)27 b Fn(!)h |
| | 33368 | Fw(3)k(pro)s(cesses,)j(another)d(metho)s(d;)g(curren)m(tly)i(only)e(gg) |
| | 33369 | c Fn(!)g Fw(Z)3388 1029 y Fl(0)3427 1065 y Fw(Q)p 3503 |
| | 33370 | 987 76 4 v(Q)o(.)236 1173 y Fq(=)52 b(9)f(:)217 b Fw(2)27 |
| | 33371 | b Fn(!)g Fw(2)33 b(in)f(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(teractions)i(\()p |
| | 33372 | Fj(p)2106 1188 y Fk(?)2197 1173 y Fw(as)h(kinematics)e(v)-5 |
| | 33373 | b(ariable\).)236 1282 y Fq(=)52 b(11)g(:)165 b Fw(a)32 |
| | 33374 | b(user-de\014ned)i(pro)s(cess.)236 1390 y Fq(=)52 b(-1)g(:)165 |
| | 33375 | b Fw(legitimate)29 b(pro)s(cess)34 b(whic)m(h)f(has)g(not)f(y)m(et)i(b) |
| | 33376 | s(een)f(implemen)m(ted.)236 1498 y Fq(=)52 b(-2)g(:)165 |
| | 33377 | b Fw(ISUB)33 b(is)f(an)g(unde\014ned)j(pro)s(cess)f(co)s(de.)0 |
| | 33378 | 1607 y Fq(KFPR\(ISUB,J\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(giv)m(e)22 b(the)g(KF)f(\015a)m |
| | 33379 | (v)m(our)i(co)s(des)g(for)e(the)h(pro)s(ducts)h(pro)s(duced)g(in)e |
| | 33380 | (subpro)s(cess)j(ISUB.)472 1715 y(If)36 b(there)h(is)f(only)f(one)h |
| | 33381 | (pro)s(duct,)h(the)g Fq(J=2)g Fw(p)s(osition)d(is)h(left)g(blank.)54 |
| | 33382 | b(Also,)36 b(quarks)h(and)472 1823 y(leptons)c(assumed)g(massless)f(in) |
| | 33383 | g(the)h(matrix)d(elemen)m(ts)j(are)f(denoted)i(b)m(y)f(0.)43 |
| | 33384 | b(The)33 b(main)472 1932 y(application)d(is)j(th)m(us)g(to)f(iden)m |
| | 33385 | (tify)g(resonances)j(pro)s(duced)e(\(Z)2770 1896 y Fl(0)2809 |
| | 33386 | 1932 y Fw(,)g(W)2970 1896 y Fk(\006)3029 1932 y Fw(,)g(H)3162 |
| | 33387 | 1896 y Fl(0)3202 1932 y Fw(,)f(etc.\).)0 2040 y Fq(COEF\(ISUB,J\))54 |
| | 33388 | b(:)48 b Fw(factors)30 b(used)h(in)e(the)h(Jacobians)g(in)f(order)h(to) |
| | 33389 | f(sp)s(eed)j(up)e(the)g(selection)f(of)h(kine-)472 2148 |
| | 33390 | y(matical)39 b(v)-5 b(ariables.)68 b(More)41 b(precisely)-8 |
| | 33391 | b(,)44 b(the)d(shap)s(e)h(of)f(the)g(cross)h(section)f(is)g(giv)m(en)g |
| | 33392 | (as)472 2257 y(the)31 b(sum)e(of)h(terms)g(with)f(di\013eren)m(t)h(b)s |
| | 33393 | (eha)m(viour,)g(where)i(the)e(in)m(tegral)e(o)m(v)m(er)j(the)f(allo)m |
| | 33394 | (w)m(ed)472 2365 y(phase)39 b(space)g(is)e(unit)m(y)h(for)f(eac)m(h)i |
| | 33395 | (term.)58 b Fq(COEF)39 b Fw(giv)m(es)f(the)g(relativ)m(e)f(strength)i |
| | 33396 | (of)e(these)472 2473 y(terms,)27 b(normalized)c(so)i(that)g(the)g(sum)g |
| | 33397 | (of)g(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)h(for)f(eac)m(h)g(v)-5 b(ariable)24 |
| | 33398 | b(used)i(is)e(unit)m(y)-8 b(.)472 2582 y(Note)33 b(that)g(whic)m(h)g |
| | 33399 | (co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)g(are)g(indeed)g(used)h(is)e(pro)s(cess-dep)s |
| | 33400 | (enden)m(t.)236 2690 y Fq(ISUB)53 b(:)165 b Fw(standard)33 |
| | 33401 | b(subpro)s(cess)h(co)s(de.)236 2798 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(1)h(:)114 |
| | 33402 | b Fj(\034)44 b Fw(selected)33 b(according)f(1)p Fj(=\034)11 |
| | 33403 | b Fw(.)236 2907 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(2)h(:)114 b Fj(\034)44 |
| | 33404 | b Fw(selected)33 b(according)f(to)h(1)p Fj(=\034)1868 |
| | 33405 | 2871 y Fl(2)1907 2907 y Fw(.)236 3015 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(3)h(:)114 |
| | 33406 | b Fj(\034)52 b Fw(selected)42 b(according)f(to)g(1)p |
| | 33407 | Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(\034)39 b Fw(+)28 |
| | 33408 | b Fj(\034)2205 3030 y Fh(R)2263 3015 y Fw(\)\),)43 b(where)g |
| | 33409 | Fj(\034)2742 3030 y Fh(R)2842 3015 y Fw(=)f Fj(m)3045 |
| | 33410 | 2979 y Fl(2)3045 3040 y Fh(R)3103 3015 y Fj(=s)f Fw(is)g |
| | 33411 | Fj(\034)52 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)41 b(of)709 3123 y(resonance;)34 |
| | 33412 | b(only)e(used)i(for)e(resonance)h(pro)s(duction.)236 |
| | 33413 | 3232 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(4)h(:)114 b Fj(\034)45 b Fw(selected)34 |
| | 33414 | b(according)g(to)f(Breit{Wigner)f(of)h(form)g(1)p Fj(=)p |
| | 33415 | Fw(\(\()p Fj(\034)h Fn(\000)23 b Fj(\034)3066 3247 y |
| | 33416 | Fh(R)3124 3232 y Fw(\))3162 3196 y Fl(2)3224 3232 y Fw(+)g |
| | 33417 | Fj(\015)3379 3196 y Fl(2)3374 3256 y Fh(R)3431 3232 y |
| | 33418 | Fw(\),)34 b(where)709 3340 y Fj(\034)751 3355 y Fh(R)839 |
| | 33419 | 3340 y Fw(=)d Fj(m)1031 3304 y Fl(2)1031 3365 y Fh(R)1089 |
| | 33420 | 3340 y Fj(=s)j Fw(is)f Fj(\034)46 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)34 |
| | 33421 | b(of)g(resonance)h(and)g Fj(\015)2461 3355 y Fh(R)2548 |
| | 33422 | 3340 y Fw(=)c Fj(m)2740 3355 y Fh(R)2798 3340 y Fw(\000)2859 |
| | 33423 | 3355 y Fh(R)2917 3340 y Fj(=s)j Fw(is)f(its)h(scaled)h(mass)709 |
| | 33424 | 3448 y(times)c(width;)i(only)f(used)i(for)e(resonance)i(pro)s(duction.) |
| | 33425 | 236 3557 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(5)h(:)114 b Fj(\034)56 b Fw(selected)46 |
| | 33426 | b(according)e(to)h(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(\034)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 33427 | Fj(\034)42 b Fw(+)30 b Fj(\034)2225 3572 y Fh(R)2278 |
| | 33428 | 3553 y Fd(0)2306 3557 y Fw(\)\),)48 b(where)e Fj(\034)2793 |
| | 33429 | 3572 y Fh(R)2846 3553 y Fd(0)2922 3557 y Fw(=)i Fj(m)3131 |
| | 33430 | 3521 y Fl(2)3131 3581 y Fh(R)3184 3563 y Fd(0)3212 3557 |
| | 33431 | y Fj(=s)c Fw(is)h Fj(\034)56 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)709 3665 |
| | 33432 | y(of)33 b(second)i(resonance;)g(only)e(used)i(for)e(sim)m(ultaneous)g |
| | 33433 | (pro)s(duction)g(of)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(reso-)709 3774 y(nances.)236 |
| | 33434 | 3882 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(6)h(:)114 b Fj(\034)40 b Fw(selected)29 |
| | 33435 | b(according)f(to)g(second)i(Breit{Wigner)d(of)h(form)f(1)p |
| | 33436 | Fj(=)p Fw(\(\()p Fj(\034)e Fn(\000)14 b Fj(\034)3322 |
| | 33437 | 3897 y Fh(R)3375 3878 y Fd(0)3403 3882 y Fw(\))3441 3846 |
| | 33438 | y Fl(2)3494 3882 y Fw(+)g Fj(\015)3640 3846 y Fl(2)3635 |
| | 33439 | 3906 y Fh(R)3688 3888 y Fd(0)3714 3882 y Fw(\),)709 3990 |
| | 33440 | y(where)32 b Fj(\034)1031 4005 y Fh(R)1084 3986 y Fd(0)1139 |
| | 33441 | 3990 y Fw(=)c Fj(m)1328 3954 y Fl(2)1328 4015 y Fh(R)1381 |
| | 33442 | 3996 y Fd(0)1408 3990 y Fj(=s)j Fw(is)f Fj(\034)43 b |
| | 33443 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)h(second)h(resonance)h(and)e Fj(\015)3071 |
| | 33444 | 4005 y Fh(R)3124 3986 y Fd(0)3178 3990 y Fw(=)d Fj(m)3367 |
| | 33445 | 4005 y Fh(R)3420 3986 y Fd(0)3447 3990 y Fw(\000)3508 |
| | 33446 | 4005 y Fh(R)3561 3986 y Fd(0)3588 3990 y Fj(=s)j Fw(is)709 |
| | 33447 | 4099 y(its)h(scaled)h(mass)f(times)g(width;)h(is)f(used)i(only)e(for)g |
| | 33448 | (sim)m(ultaneous)g(pro)s(duction)g(of)709 4207 y(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 33449 | (resonances,)h(lik)m(e)e Fj(\015)1638 4171 y Fk(\003)1678 |
| | 33450 | 4207 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1787 4171 y Fl(0)1826 4207 y Fj(=)p |
| | 33451 | Fw(Z)1935 4171 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1993 4207 y Fw(.)236 4315 |
| | 33452 | y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(7)h(:)114 b Fj(\034)44 b Fw(selected)34 |
| | 33453 | b(according)f(to)g(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)21 b Fn(\000)i Fj(\034)11 |
| | 33454 | b Fw(\);)34 b(only)f(used)h(when)g(b)s(oth)f(parton)g(distribu-)709 |
| | 33455 | 4424 y(tions)f(are)g(p)s(eak)m(ed)i(at)e Fj(x)c Fw(=)g(1.)236 |
| | 33456 | 4532 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(8)h(:)114 b Fj(y)35 b Fw(selected)f(according)e |
| | 33457 | (to)g Fj(y)25 b Fn(\000)e Fj(y)1935 4547 y Fl(min)2056 |
| | 33458 | 4532 y Fw(.)236 4640 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(9)h(:)114 b Fj(y)35 |
| | 33459 | b Fw(selected)f(according)e(to)g Fj(y)1762 4655 y Fl(max)1919 |
| | 33460 | 4640 y Fn(\000)23 b Fj(y)t Fw(.)236 4749 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(10)h(:)63 |
| | 33461 | b Fj(y)35 b Fw(selected)f(according)e(to)g(1)p Fj(=)17 |
| | 33462 | b Fw(cosh\()p Fj(y)t Fw(\).)236 4857 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(11)h(:)63 |
| | 33463 | b Fj(y)26 b Fw(selected)f(according)d(to)h(1)p Fj(=)p |
| | 33464 | Fw(\(1)s Fn(\000)s Fw(exp)r(\()p Fj(y)7 b Fn(\000)s Fj(y)2316 |
| | 33465 | 4872 y Fl(max)2451 4857 y Fw(\)\);)26 b(only)d(used)i(when)f(b)s(eam)f |
| | 33466 | (parton)709 4965 y(distribution)30 b(is)i(p)s(eak)m(ed)i(close)f(to)f |
| | 33467 | Fj(x)c Fw(=)g(1.)236 5074 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(12)h(:)63 b |
| | 33468 | Fj(y)49 b Fw(selected)d(according)g(to)f(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)30 |
| | 33469 | b Fn(\000)i Fw(exp)q(\()p Fj(y)2326 5089 y Fl(min)2479 |
| | 33470 | 5074 y Fn(\000)f Fj(y)t Fw(\)\);)52 b(only)45 b(used)i(when)g(target) |
| | 33471 | 709 5182 y(parton)32 b(distribution)f(is)h(p)s(eak)m(ed)i(close)e(to)g |
| | 33472 | Fj(x)d Fw(=)e(1.)236 5305 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(13)h(:)63 b |
| | 33473 | Fj(z)32 b Fw(=)c(cos)1045 5279 y(^)1037 5305 y Fj(\022)36 |
| | 33474 | b Fw(selected)d(ev)m(enly)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(limits.)236 |
| | 33475 | 5428 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(14)h(:)63 b Fj(z)36 b Fw(=)31 b(cos)1052 |
| | 33476 | 5402 y(^)1044 5428 y Fj(\022)37 b Fw(selected)f(according)e(to)g(1)p |
| | 33477 | Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(a)24 b Fn(\000)g Fj(z)t Fw(\),)35 b(where)h |
| | 33478 | Fj(a)c Fw(=)e(1)24 b(+)f(2)p Fj(m)3294 5392 y Fl(2)3294 |
| | 33479 | 5453 y(3)3334 5428 y Fj(m)3419 5392 y Fl(2)3419 5453 |
| | 33480 | y(4)3458 5428 y Fj(=)t Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)3553 5392 y Fl(2)3593 |
| | 33481 | 5428 y Fw(,)35 b Fj(m)3740 5443 y Fl(3)709 5537 y Fw(and)d |
| | 33482 | Fj(m)983 5552 y Fl(4)1056 5537 y Fw(b)s(eing)f(the)i(masses)h(of)e(the) |
| | 33483 | h(t)m(w)m(o)g(\014nal-state)f(particles.)236 5660 y Fq(J)52 |
| | 33484 | b(=)f(15)h(:)63 b Fj(z)32 b Fw(=)c(cos)1045 5633 y(^)1037 |
| | 33485 | 5660 y Fj(\022)36 b Fw(selected)d(according)f(to)g(1)p |
| | 33486 | Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(a)22 b Fw(+)g Fj(z)t Fw(\),)34 b(with)e |
| | 33487 | Fj(a)g Fw(as)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)1817 5953 y(185)p eop |
| | 33488 | %%Page: 186 192 |
| | 33489 | 186 191 bop 236 -18 a Fq(J)52 b(=)f(16)h(:)63 b Fj(z)32 |
| | 33490 | b Fw(=)c(cos)1045 -45 y(^)1037 -18 y Fj(\022)36 b Fw(selected)d |
| | 33491 | (according)f(to)g(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(a)22 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 33492 | Fj(z)t Fw(\))2435 -55 y Fl(2)2475 -18 y Fw(,)33 b(with)f |
| | 33493 | Fj(a)h Fw(as)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)236 110 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(17)h(:)63 |
| | 33494 | b Fj(z)32 b Fw(=)c(cos)1045 84 y(^)1037 110 y Fj(\022)36 |
| | 33495 | b Fw(selected)d(according)f(to)g(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(a)22 |
| | 33496 | b Fw(+)g Fj(z)t Fw(\))2433 74 y Fl(2)2473 110 y Fw(,)33 |
| | 33497 | b(with)f Fj(a)h Fw(as)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)236 219 y Fq(J)52 |
| | 33498 | b(=)f(18)h(:)63 b Fj(\034)762 182 y Fk(0)818 219 y Fw(selected)34 |
| | 33499 | b(according)e(to)g(1)p Fj(=\034)1891 182 y Fk(0)1914 |
| | 33500 | 219 y Fw(.)236 327 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(19)h(:)63 b Fj(\034)762 |
| | 33501 | 291 y Fk(0)818 327 y Fw(selected)34 b(according)e(to)g(\(1)22 |
| | 33502 | b Fn(\000)g Fj(\034)11 b(=\034)2103 291 y Fk(0)2127 327 |
| | 33503 | y Fw(\))2165 291 y Fl(3)2205 327 y Fj(=\034)2307 291 |
| | 33504 | y Fk(0)p Fl(2)2366 327 y Fw(.)236 435 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(20)h(:)63 |
| | 33505 | b Fj(\034)762 399 y Fk(0)815 435 y Fw(selected)31 b(according)e(to)g(1) |
| | 33506 | p Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)16 b Fn(\000)g Fj(\034)2075 399 y Fk(0)2099 |
| | 33507 | 435 y Fw(\);)30 b(only)g(used)g(when)h(b)s(oth)e(parton)h(distribu-)709 |
| | 33508 | 544 y(tions)i(are)g(p)s(eak)m(ed)i(close)f(to)f Fj(x)c |
| | 33509 | Fw(=)g(1.)0 652 y Fq(ICOL)52 b(:)165 b Fw(con)m(tains)43 |
| | 33510 | b(information)c(on)j(di\013eren)m(t)h(colour-\015o)m(w)f(top)s(ologies) |
| | 33511 | e(in)h(hard)i(2)h Fn(!)g Fw(2)e(pro-)472 760 y(cesses.)p |
| | 33512 | 0 885 2825 9 v 0 1110 9 225 v 79 1025 a Fq(COMMON/PYINT3/XSFX\(2,-40)q |
| | 33513 | (:40\))q(,ISI)q(G\(10)q(00,)q(3\),S)q(IGH\()q(1000)q(\))p |
| | 33514 | 2816 1110 V 0 1118 2825 9 v 0 1250 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 |
| | 33515 | b Fw(to)d(store)h(information)c(on)j(parton)g(distributions,)j(subpro)s |
| | 33516 | (cess)f(cross)f(sections)g(and)472 1358 y(di\013eren)m(t)35 |
| | 33517 | b(\014nal-state)e(relativ)m(e)h(w)m(eigh)m(ts.)49 b(These)36 |
| | 33518 | b(v)-5 b(ariables)33 b(m)m(ust)i(not)f(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)i(b)m(y)472 |
| | 33519 | 1467 y(y)m(ou.)0 1575 y Fq(XSFX)52 b(:)165 b Fw(curren)m(t)30 |
| | 33520 | b(v)-5 b(alues)28 b(of)g(parton-distribution)d(functions)k |
| | 33521 | Fj(xf)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))28 b(on)h(b)s(eam)e(and)h(target)g |
| | 33522 | (side.)0 1683 y Fq(ISIG\(ICHN,1\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(incoming)33 |
| | 33523 | b(parton/particle)h(on)i(the)g(b)s(eam)f(side)g(to)h(the)g(hard)f(in)m |
| | 33524 | (teraction)g(for)472 1792 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)45 b(c)m(hannel)h(n)m(um)m(b) |
| | 33525 | s(er)g Fq(ICHN)p Fw(.)g(The)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)f(c)m(hannels)h |
| | 33526 | (\014lled)e(with)i(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)472 1900 y(information)29 |
| | 33527 | b(is)i(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)i Fq(NCHN)p Fw(,)e(one)g(of)f(the)h(argumen)m |
| | 33528 | (ts)g(returned)h(in)e(a)g Fq(PYSIGH)i Fw(call.)472 2008 |
| | 33529 | y(Th)m(us)i(only)d(1)27 b Fn(\024)p Fq(ICHN)p Fn(\024)p |
| | 33530 | Fq(NCHN)36 b Fw(is)c(\014lled)f(with)h(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)33 |
| | 33531 | b(information.)0 2117 y Fq(ISIG\(ICHN,2\))54 b(:)48 b |
| | 33532 | Fw(incoming)31 b(parton/particle)g(on)i(the)h(target)f(side)g(to)g(the) |
| | 33533 | h(hard)f(in)m(teraction)f(for)472 2225 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(c)m(hannel)h |
| | 33534 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g Fq(ICHN)p Fw(.)h(See)f(also)f(commen)m(t)g(ab)s(o)m |
| | 33535 | (v)m(e.)0 2333 y Fq(ISIG\(ICHN,3\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(colour-\015o)m(w)25 |
| | 33536 | b(t)m(yp)s(e)i(for)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(c)m(hannel)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f |
| | 33537 | Fq(ICHN)p Fw(;)h(see)g Fq(MSTI\(2\))h Fw(list.)40 b(See)472 |
| | 33538 | 2442 y(also)30 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(commen)m(t.)43 b(F)-8 |
| | 33539 | b(or)30 b(`subpro)s(cess')j(96)d(uniquely)-8 b(,)32 b |
| | 33540 | Fq(ISIG\(ICHN,3\))i Fw(is)c(also)g(used)472 2550 y(to)g(translate)e |
| | 33541 | (information)f(on)i(what)h(is)f(the)g(correct)h(subpro)s(cess)i(n)m(um) |
| | 33542 | m(b)s(er)e(\(11,)f(12,)h(13,)472 2658 y(28,)j(53)f(or)g(68\);)g(this)g |
| | 33543 | (is)g(used)i(for)e(reassigning)g(subpro)s(cess)i(96)e(to)h(either)f(of) |
| | 33544 | g(these.)0 2767 y Fq(SIGH\(ICHN\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(ev)-5 |
| | 33545 | b(aluated)36 b(di\013eren)m(tial)f(cross)i(section)f(for)g(allo)m(w)m |
| | 33546 | (ed)f(c)m(hannel)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g Fq(ICHN)p Fw(,)g(i.e.)472 |
| | 33547 | 2875 y(matrix-elemen)m(t)27 b(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(times)h(parton)g |
| | 33548 | (distributions,)g(for)f(curren)m(t)j(kinematical)25 b(setup)472 |
| | 33549 | 2983 y(\(in)33 b(addition,)e(Jacobian)i(factors)g(are)g(included)g(in)f |
| | 33550 | (the)i(\014gures,)g(as)g(used)g(to)f(sp)s(eed)h(up)472 |
| | 33551 | 3092 y(generation\).)43 b(See)34 b(also)d(commen)m(t)h(for)g |
| | 33552 | Fq(ISIG\(ICHN,1\))p Fw(.)p 0 3242 3286 9 v 0 3466 9 225 |
| | 33553 | v 79 3382 a Fq(COMMON/PYINT4/WIDP\(21:40)q(,0:4)q(0\),W)q(IDE\()q(21:)q |
| | 33554 | (40,0)q(:40\))q(,WID)q(S\(2)q(1:40)q(,3\))p 3277 3466 |
| | 33555 | V 0 3474 3286 9 v 0 3606 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)32 |
| | 33556 | b(store)h(partial)e(and)i(e\013ectiv)m(e)g(deca)m(y)i(widths)e(for)f |
| | 33557 | (the)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(resonances.)46 b(These)472 3715 |
| | 33558 | y(v)-5 b(ariables)32 b(m)m(ust)g(not)h(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)g(b)m(y)h(y)m |
| | 33559 | (ou.)0 3823 y Fq(WIDP\(KF,J\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(giv)m(es)33 |
| | 33560 | b(partial)d(deca)m(y)k(widths)f(of)e(resonances)k(in)m(to)c(di\013eren) |
| | 33561 | m(t)i(c)m(hannels)g(\(in)e(GeV\),)472 3931 y(giv)m(en)i(that)g(all)d |
| | 33562 | (ph)m(ysically)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(\014nal)g(states)h(are)g(included.)236 |
| | 33563 | 4040 y Fq(KF)52 b(:)268 b Fw(standard)36 b(KF)f(co)s(de)g(for)g |
| | 33564 | (resonance)i(considered.)53 b(When)37 b(top)e(is)g(treated)h(lik)m(e)f |
| | 33565 | (a)709 4148 y(resonance)41 b(\(see)f Fq(MSTP\(48\))p |
| | 33566 | Fw(\))i(it)d(is)g(stored)h(in)f(p)s(osition)f(26.)64 |
| | 33567 | b(When)41 b(the)f(fourth)709 4256 y(generation)49 b(fermions)h(l,)k(h,) |
| | 33568 | h Fj(\037)1921 4220 y Fk(\000)2030 4256 y Fw(and)c Fj(\027)2286 |
| | 33569 | 4271 y Fh(\037)2384 4256 y Fw(are)g(treated)f(lik)m(e)g(resonances)i |
| | 33570 | (\(see)709 4365 y Fq(MSTP\(49\))p Fw(\))34 b(they)g(are)e(stored)i(in)d |
| | 33571 | (p)s(ositions)h(27,)g(28,)g(29)g(and)h(30,)f(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 33572 | b(.)236 4473 y Fq(J)52 b(:)319 b Fw(en)m(umerates)44 |
| | 33573 | b(the)f(di\013eren)m(t)g(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannels)f(p)s(ossible)e(for)g |
| | 33574 | (resonance)j(KF,)d(as)709 4581 y(stored)f(in)f(the)h |
| | 33575 | Fm(Jetset)e Fq(LUDAT3)j Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k,)k(with)d(the)h |
| | 33576 | (\014rst)g(c)m(hannel)g(in)709 4690 y Fq(J=1)p Fw(,)33 |
| | 33577 | b(etc.)0 4798 y Fq(WIDE\(KF,J\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(giv)m(es)27 |
| | 33578 | b(e\013ectiv)m(e)g(deca)m(y)h(widths)e(of)g(resonances)i(in)m(to)d |
| | 33579 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(c)m(hannels)h(\(in)e(GeV\),)472 4906 |
| | 33580 | y(giv)m(en)k(the)g(deca)m(y)h(mo)s(des)f(actually)e(left)g(op)s(en)i |
| | 33581 | (in)f(the)h(curren)m(t)h(run.)42 b(The)30 b(on/o\013)e(status)472 |
| | 33582 | 5015 y(of)33 b(deca)m(y)h(mo)s(des)e(is)g(set)h(b)m(y)h(the)f |
| | 33583 | Fq(MDME)g Fw(switc)m(hes)h(in)e Fm(Jetset)p Fw(;)g(see)i(section)e |
| | 33584 | (14.6.)236 5123 y Fq(KF)52 b(:)268 b Fw(standard)28 b(KF)f(co)s(de)h |
| | 33585 | (for)f(resonance)h(considered.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)27 b(commen)m(t)g(ab)s |
| | 33586 | (out)g(top)g(and)709 5231 y(fourth)32 b(generation)g(see)i |
| | 33587 | Fq(WIDP)f Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)236 5340 y Fq(J)52 b(:)319 |
| | 33588 | b Fw(en)m(umerates)44 b(the)f(di\013eren)m(t)g(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannels)f |
| | 33589 | (p)s(ossible)e(for)g(resonance)j(KF,)d(as)709 5448 y(stored)f(in)f(the) |
| | 33590 | h Fm(Jetset)e Fq(LUDAT3)j Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k,)k(with)d(the)h |
| | 33591 | (\014rst)g(c)m(hannel)g(in)709 5556 y Fq(J=1)p Fw(,)33 |
| | 33592 | b(etc.)0 5665 y Fq(WIDS\(KF,J\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(giv)m(es)i(a)f |
| | 33593 | (dimensionless)f(suppression)i(factor,)j(whic)m(h)c(is)g(de\014ned)h |
| | 33594 | (as)g(the)f(ratio)1817 5953 y(186)p eop |
| | 33595 | %%Page: 187 193 |
| | 33596 | 187 192 bop 472 -18 a Fw(of)40 b(the)g(total)e(width)i(of)g(c)m |
| | 33597 | (hannels)g(switc)m(hed)h(on)f(to)g(the)g(total)e(width)i(of)f(all)f(p)s |
| | 33598 | (ossible)472 90 y(c)m(hannels)28 b(\(replace)f(width)g(b)m(y)h(squared) |
| | 33599 | g(width)f(for)g(a)f(pair)g(of)h(resonances\).)43 b(The)28 |
| | 33600 | b(on/o\013)472 198 y(status)h(of)f(c)m(hannels)g(is)g(set)h(b)m(y)f |
| | 33601 | (the)h Fq(MDME)g Fw(switc)m(hes)g(in)f Fm(Jetset)p Fw(;)g(see)h |
| | 33602 | (section)f(14.6.)42 b(The)472 307 y(information)30 b(in)i |
| | 33603 | Fq(WIDS)h Fw(is)f(used)i(e.g.)44 b(in)32 b(cross-section)h |
| | 33604 | (calculations.)236 415 y Fq(KF)52 b(:)268 b Fw(standard)28 |
| | 33605 | b(KF)f(co)s(de)h(for)f(resonance)h(considered.)43 b(F)-8 |
| | 33606 | b(or)27 b(commen)m(t)g(ab)s(out)g(top)g(and)709 523 y(fourth)32 |
| | 33607 | b(generation)g(see)i Fq(WIDP)f Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)236 |
| | 33608 | 632 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(1)h(:)114 b Fw(suppression)52 b(when)h(a)e(pair)g |
| | 33609 | (of)g(resonances)i(of)e(t)m(yp)s(e)i(KF)d(are)i(pro)s(duced)g(to-)709 |
| | 33610 | 740 y(gether.)e(When)35 b(an)g(an)m(tiparticle)d(exists,)k(the)f |
| | 33611 | (particle{an)m(tiparticle)d(pair)h(\(suc)m(h)709 848 |
| | 33612 | y(as)46 b(W)943 812 y Fl(+)1002 848 y Fw(W)1103 812 y |
| | 33613 | Fk(\000)1163 848 y Fw(\))g(is)f(the)h(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)46 |
| | 33614 | b(com)m(bination,)h(else)f(the)g(particle{particle)d(one)709 |
| | 33615 | 957 y(\(suc)m(h)34 b(as)e(Z)1146 920 y Fl(0)1185 957 |
| | 33616 | y Fw(Z)1245 920 y Fl(0)1284 957 y Fw(\).)236 1065 y Fq(J)52 |
| | 33617 | b(=)f(2)h(:)114 b Fw(suppression)49 b(for)f(a)h(particle)e(of)h(t)m(yp) |
| | 33618 | s(e)h(KF)f(when)i(pro)s(duced)f(on)g(its)f(o)m(wn,)53 |
| | 33619 | b(or)709 1173 y(together)32 b(with)h(a)f(particle)f(of)h(another)h(t)m |
| | 33620 | (yp)s(e.)236 1282 y Fq(J)52 b(=)f(3)h(:)114 b Fw(suppression)31 |
| | 33621 | b(for)f(an)h(an)m(tiparticle)d(of)i(t)m(yp)s(e)i(KF)e(when)h(pro)s |
| | 33622 | (duced)h(on)e(its)g(o)m(wn,)i(or)709 1390 y(together)g(with)h(a)f |
| | 33623 | (particle)f(of)h(another)h(t)m(yp)s(e.)p 0 1534 2261 |
| | 33624 | 9 v 0 1759 9 225 v 79 1674 a Fq(COMMON/PYINT5/NGEN\(0:200)q(,3\),)q |
| | 33625 | (XSEC)q(\(0:2)q(00,)q(3\))p 2252 1759 V 0 1767 2261 9 |
| | 33626 | v 0 1899 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)g(store)h(information)d(necessary) |
| | 33627 | 51 b(for)d(cross-section)h(calculation)e(and)h(di\013eren)m(tial)472 |
| | 33628 | 2007 y(cross-section)e(maxim)m(um)c(violation.)76 b(These)46 |
| | 33629 | b(v)-5 b(ariables)43 b(m)m(ust)i(not)f(b)s(e)h(c)m(hanged)h(b)m(y)472 |
| | 33630 | 2116 y(y)m(ou.)0 2224 y Fq(NGEN\(ISUB,1\))54 b(:)48 b |
| | 33631 | Fw(giv)m(es)35 b(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(times)f(that)h(the)h |
| | 33632 | (di\013eren)m(tial)d(cross)j(section)g(\(times)e(Ja-)472 |
| | 33633 | 2332 y(cobian)i(factors\))g(has)g(b)s(een)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)34 |
| | 33634 | b(for)h(subpro)s(cess)i(ISUB,)e(with)g Fq(NGEN\(0,1\))i |
| | 33635 | Fw(the)472 2441 y(sum)c(of)f(these.)0 2549 y Fq(NGEN\(ISUB,2\))54 |
| | 33636 | b(:)48 b Fw(giv)m(es)27 b(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)f(times)g(that)h |
| | 33637 | (a)f(kinematical)f(setup)j(for)e(subpro)s(cess)j(ISUB)472 |
| | 33638 | 2657 y(is)k(accepted)h(in)d(the)i(generation)f(pro)s(cedure,)i(with)e |
| | 33639 | Fq(NGEN\(0,2\))j Fw(the)e(sum)g(of)f(these.)0 2766 y |
| | 33640 | Fq(NGEN\(ISUB,3\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(giv)m(es)64 b(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g |
| | 33641 | (of)f(times)g(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(of)d(subpro)s(cess)i(t)m(yp)s(e)g |
| | 33642 | (ISUB)f(is)472 2874 y(generated,)j(with)59 b Fq(NGEN\(0,3\))j |
| | 33643 | Fw(the)e(sum)f(of)g(these.)125 b(Usually)60 b Fq(NGEN\(ISUB,3\))54 |
| | 33644 | b(=)472 2982 y(NGEN\(ISUB,2\))p Fw(,)e(i.e.)79 b(an)45 |
| | 33645 | b(accepted)h(kinematical)d(con\014guration)h(can)h(normally)d(b)s(e)472 |
| | 33646 | 3091 y(used)34 b(to)e(pro)s(duce)i(an)e(ev)m(en)m(t.)0 |
| | 33647 | 3199 y Fq(XSEC\(ISUB,1\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(estimated)36 |
| | 33648 | b(maxim)m(um)e(di\013eren)m(tial)h(cross)j(section)e(\(times)g(the)h |
| | 33649 | (Jacobian)f(fac-)472 3307 y(tors)c(used)g(to)f(sp)s(eed)i(up)f(the)g |
| | 33650 | (generation)e(pro)s(cess\))j(for)e(the)g(di\013eren)m(t)h(subpro)s |
| | 33651 | (cesses)i(in)472 3416 y(use,)g(with)e Fq(XSEC\(0,1\))j |
| | 33652 | Fw(the)e(sum)g(of)f(these)i(\(except)g(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)2690 |
| | 33653 | 3431 y Fk(?)2748 3416 y Fw(,)e(i.e.)43 b(ISUB)34 b(=)e(95\).)0 |
| | 33654 | 3524 y Fq(XSEC\(ISUB,2\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(giv)m(es)35 b(the)g(sum)f(of)h |
| | 33655 | (di\013eren)m(tial)d(cross)k(sections)f(\(times)f(Jacobian)f(factors\)) |
| | 33656 | i(for)472 3632 y(the)e Fq(NGEN\(ISUB,1\))j Fw(phase-space)e(p)s(oin)m |
| | 33657 | (ts)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(so)h(far.)0 3741 y Fq(XSEC\(ISUB,3\))54 |
| | 33658 | b(:)48 b Fw(giv)m(es)29 b(the)h(estimated)e(in)m(tegrated)h(cross)h |
| | 33659 | (section)f(for)g(subpro)s(cess)i(ISUB,)f(based)472 3849 |
| | 33660 | y(on)g(the)f(statistics)g(accum)m(ulated)g(so)h(far,)f(with)g |
| | 33661 | Fq(XSEC\(0,3\))i Fw(the)f(estimated)f(total)f(cross)472 |
| | 33662 | 3958 y(section)23 b(for)g(all)d(subpro)s(cesses)26 b(included)c(\(all)f |
| | 33663 | (in)h(m)m(b\).)40 b(This)23 b(is)f(exactly)h(the)h(information)472 |
| | 33664 | 4066 y(obtainable)31 b(b)m(y)j(a)e Fq(PYSTAT\(1\))j Fw(call.)p |
| | 33665 | 0 4210 1440 9 v 0 4569 9 359 v 79 4357 a Fq(COMMON/PYINT6/PROC\(0:200)q |
| | 33666 | (\))79 4465 y(CHARACTER)54 b(PROC*28)p 1432 4569 V 0 |
| | 33667 | 4577 1440 9 v 0 4709 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)41 b(store)g(c)m |
| | 33668 | (haracter)i(strings)e(for)f(the)i(di\013eren)m(t)g(p)s(ossible)e |
| | 33669 | (subpro)s(cesses;)49 b(used)42 b(when)472 4817 y(prin)m(ting)32 |
| | 33670 | b(tables.)0 4925 y Fq(PROC\(ISUB\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(name)c(for)f(the)h |
| | 33671 | (di\013eren)m(t)g(subpro)s(cesses,)49 b(according)42 |
| | 33672 | b(to)h(ISUB)g(co)s(de.)75 b Fq(PROC\(0\))472 5034 y Fw(denotes)34 |
| | 33673 | b(all)d(pro)s(cesses.)p 0 5178 1748 9 v 0 5403 9 225 |
| | 33674 | v 79 5318 a Fq(COMMON/PYINT7/SIGT\(0:6,0)q(:6,0)q(:5\))p |
| | 33675 | 1739 5403 V 0 5411 1748 9 v 0 5543 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 |
| | 33676 | b Fw(to)f(store)g(information)d(on)k(total,)h(elastic)d(and)i |
| | 33677 | (di\013ractiv)m(e)e(cross)j(sections.)88 b(These)472 |
| | 33678 | 5651 y(v)-5 b(ariables)24 b(should)g(only)h(b)s(e)g(set)g(b)m(y)h(y)m |
| | 33679 | (ou)f(for)f(the)h(option)f Fq(MSTP\(31\)=0)p Fw(;)30 |
| | 33680 | b(else)25 b(they)h(should)1817 5953 y(187)p eop |
| | 33681 | %%Page: 188 194 |
| | 33682 | 188 193 bop 472 -18 a Fw(not)33 b(b)s(e)g(touc)m(hed.)44 |
| | 33683 | b(All)31 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)j(are)e(giv)m(en)h(in)f(m)m(b.)0 |
| | 33684 | 90 y Fq(SIGT\(I1,I2,J\))55 b(:)47 b Fw(the)23 b(cross)h(section,)g(b)s |
| | 33685 | (oth)e(total)f(and)i(sub)s(divided)g(b)m(y)g(class)g(\(elastic,)g |
| | 33686 | (di\013ractiv)m(e)472 198 y(etc.\).)56 b(F)-8 b(or)35 |
| | 33687 | b(a)h(photon)h(to)f(b)s(e)g(considered)h(as)g(a)f(VMD)g(meson)h(the)f |
| | 33688 | (cross)i(sections)e(are)472 307 y(additionally)30 b(split)h(in)m(to)h |
| | 33689 | (the)h(con)m(tributions)f(from)f(the)i(v)-5 b(arious)32 |
| | 33690 | b(meson)h(states.)236 415 y Fq(I1,)52 b(I2)g(:)63 b Fw(allo)m(w)m(ed)21 |
| | 33691 | b(states)j(for)e(the)h(incoming)d(particle)h(on)i(side)f(1)g(and)h(2,)h |
| | 33692 | (resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)472 523 y Fq(=)52 b(0)g(:)216 |
| | 33693 | b Fw(sum)33 b(of)g(all)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(states.)47 b(Except)36 |
| | 33694 | b(for)c(a)i(photon)f(to)g(b)s(e)h(considered)g(as)945 |
| | 33695 | 632 y(a)e(VMD)h(meson)f(this)h(is)f(the)h(only)f(non)m(v)-5 |
| | 33696 | b(anishing)32 b(en)m(try)-8 b(.)472 740 y Fq(=)52 b(1)g(:)216 |
| | 33697 | b Fw(the)33 b(con)m(tribution)e(from)h(the)h Fj(\032)2117 |
| | 33698 | 704 y Fl(0)2189 740 y Fw(VMD)g(state.)472 848 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 33699 | b(2)g(:)216 b Fw(the)33 b(con)m(tribution)e(from)h(the)h |
| | 33700 | Fj(!)j Fw(VMD)c(state.)472 957 y Fq(=)52 b(3)g(:)216 |
| | 33701 | b Fw(the)33 b(con)m(tribution)e(from)h(the)h Fj(\036)f |
| | 33702 | Fw(VMD)g(state.)472 1065 y Fq(=)52 b(4)g(:)216 b Fw(the)33 |
| | 33703 | b(con)m(tribution)e(from)h(the)h(J)p Fj(= )j Fw(VMD)d(state.)472 |
| | 33704 | 1173 y Fq(=)52 b(5,)g(6)f(:)63 b Fw(reserv)m(ed)35 b(for)d(future)h |
| | 33705 | (use.)236 1282 y Fq(J)52 b(:)319 b Fw(the)33 b(total)e(and)h(partial)f |
| | 33706 | (cross)i(sections.)472 1390 y Fq(=)52 b(0)g(:)216 b Fw(the)33 |
| | 33707 | b(total)e(cross)i(section.)472 1498 y Fq(=)52 b(1)g(:)216 |
| | 33708 | b Fw(the)33 b(elastic)e(cross)j(section.)472 1607 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 33709 | b(2)g(:)216 b Fw(the)33 b(single)e(di\013ractiv)m(e)h(cross)i(section)f |
| | 33710 | Fj(AB)g Fn(!)27 b Fj(X)8 b(B)d Fw(.)472 1715 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 33711 | b(3)g(:)216 b Fw(the)33 b(single)e(di\013ractiv)m(e)h(cross)i(section)f |
| | 33712 | Fj(AB)g Fn(!)27 b Fj(AX)8 b Fw(.)472 1823 y Fq(=)52 b(4)g(:)216 |
| | 33713 | b Fw(the)33 b(double)f(di\013ractiv)m(e)g(cross)i(section.)472 |
| | 33714 | 1932 y Fq(=)52 b(5)g(:)216 b Fw(the)33 b(inelastic,)e(non-di\013ractiv) |
| | 33715 | m(e)h(cross)h(section.)236 2040 y Fo(W)-9 b(arning:)47 |
| | 33716 | b Fw(If)35 b(y)m(ou)g(set)h(these)g(v)-5 b(alues)35 b(y)m(ourself,)h |
| | 33717 | (it)d(is)i(imp)s(ortan)m(t)e(that)h(they)i(are)f(in)m(ternally)709 |
| | 33718 | 2148 y(consisten)m(t,)e(since)f(this)g(is)g(not)g(explicitly)e(c)m(hec) |
| | 33719 | m(k)m(ed)35 b(b)m(y)e(the)f(program.)42 b(Th)m(us)34 |
| | 33720 | b(the)709 2257 y(con)m(tributions)24 b Fq(J=)p Fw(1{5)g(should)h(add)f |
| | 33721 | (up)h(to)g(the)g Fq(J=)p Fw(0)g(one)g(and,)h(for)e(VMD)h(photons,)709 |
| | 33722 | 2365 y(the)33 b(con)m(tributions)f Fq(I=)p Fw(1{4)g(should)g(add)h(up)g |
| | 33723 | (to)f(the)h Fq(I=)p Fw(0)g(one.)p 0 2509 3389 9 v 0 2868 |
| | 33724 | 9 359 v 130 2656 a Fq(COMMON/PYINT8/XPVMD\(-6:)q(6\),X)q(PANL)q(\(-6:)q |
| | 33725 | (6\),)q(XPAN)q(H\(-6)q(:6\),)q(XPB)q(EH\(-)q(6:6\))q(,)79 |
| | 33726 | 2764 y(&XPDIR\(-6:6\))p 3380 2868 V 0 2876 3389 9 v 0 |
| | 33727 | 3008 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)34 b(store)g(the)h(v)-5 |
| | 33728 | b(arious)33 b(comp)s(onen)m(ts)i(of)f(the)h(photon)f(parton)g |
| | 33729 | (distributions)f(when)i(the)472 3116 y Fq(PYGGAM)g Fw(routine)d(is)g |
| | 33730 | (called.)0 3224 y Fq(XPVMD\(KFL\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(giv)m(es)33 |
| | 33731 | b(distributions)f(of)g(the)h(VMD)f(part)h(\()p Fj(\032)2320 |
| | 33732 | 3188 y Fl(0)2359 3224 y Fw(,)g Fj(!)j Fw(and)c Fj(\036)p |
| | 33733 | Fw(\).)0 3333 y Fq(XPANL\(KFL\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(giv)m(es)33 |
| | 33734 | b(distributions)f(of)g(the)h(anomalous)e(part)h(of)g(ligh)m(t)f(quarks) |
| | 33735 | j(\(d,)f(u)f(and)h(s\).)0 3441 y Fq(XPANH\(KFL\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 33736 | b Fw(giv)m(es)33 b(distributions)f(of)g(the)h(anomalous)e(part)h(of)g |
| | 33737 | (hea)m(vy)i(quarks)g(\(c)f(and)f(b\).)0 3549 y Fq(XPBEH\(KFL\))54 |
| | 33738 | b(:)47 b Fw(giv)m(es)29 b(Bethe-Heitler)e(distributions)g(of)h(hea)m |
| | 33739 | (vy)h(quarks)h(\(c)e(and)g(b\).)42 b(This)29 b(pro)m(vides)472 |
| | 33740 | 3658 y(an)k(alternativ)m(e)f(to)g Fq(XPANH)p Fw(,)i(i.e.)43 |
| | 33741 | b(b)s(oth)32 b(should)h(not)f(b)s(e)h(used)h(at)e(the)h(same)f(time.)0 |
| | 33742 | 3766 y Fq(XPDIR\(KFL\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(giv)m(es)29 b(direct)f |
| | 33743 | (correction)g(to)g(the)h(pro)s(duction)e(of)h(ligh)m(t)e(quarks)k(\(d,) |
| | 33744 | f(u)g(and)f(s\).)42 b(This)472 3884 y(term)36 b(is)g(non)m(v)-5 |
| | 33745 | b(anishing)35 b(only)g(in)h(the)p 1906 3806 144 4 v 36 |
| | 33746 | w(MS)h(sc)m(heme,)h(and)e(is)g(applicable)e(for)h Fj(F)3439 |
| | 33747 | 3837 y Fh(\015)3425 3906 y Fl(2)3519 3884 y Fw(rather)472 |
| | 33748 | 3992 y(than)e(for)f(the)h(parton)f(distributions)g(themselv)m(es.)p |
| | 33749 | 0 4137 1492 9 v 0 4495 9 359 v 79 4283 a Fq(COMMON/PYINT8/DXSEC\(0:20)q |
| | 33750 | (0\))79 4392 y(DOUBLE)53 b(PRECISION)h(DXSEC)p 1483 4495 |
| | 33751 | V 0 4503 1492 9 v 0 4635 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(T)-8 |
| | 33752 | b(o)37 b(store)g(double-precision)e(information)f(necessary)39 |
| | 33753 | b(for)d(cross)i(section)f(calculation.)472 4743 y(In)e |
| | 33754 | Fm(Pythia)g Fw(the)g(cross)g(section)g(of)f(a)g(pro)s(cess)i(is)e |
| | 33755 | (calculated)f(from)h(the)h(sum)f(of)g(cross-)472 4852 |
| | 33756 | y(section)46 b(w)m(eigh)m(ts)g(for)e(all)f(phase-space)k(p)s(oin)m(ts)e |
| | 33757 | (selected)h(during)f(the)g(course)h(of)f(the)472 4960 |
| | 33758 | y(run.)e(This)28 b(sum)g(is)g(stored)h(in)f(single)f(precision,)h(whic) |
| | 33759 | m(h)h(is)f(normally)e(reasonable,)j(since)472 5068 y |
| | 33760 | Fm(Pythia)g Fw(is)f(not)g(really)f(in)m(tended)j(to)e(giv)m(e)g |
| | 33761 | (high-precision)f(cross)i(section)g(information.)472 |
| | 33762 | 5177 y(In)36 b(v)m(ery)g(long)d(runs,)k(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)g(this)e(giv) |
| | 33763 | m(es)g(problems)f(when)i(a)f(single)e(small)g(w)m(eigh)m(t)i(is)472 |
| | 33764 | 5285 y(to)i(b)s(e)h(added)g(to)f(a)g(large)f(sum)h(of)g(preciding)f(w)m |
| | 33765 | (eigh)m(ts.)58 b(Bey)m(ond)39 b(a)e(certain)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f(\(of)472 |
| | 33766 | 5393 y(the)k(order)g(of)f(100,000)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(of)e(one)h(and)f |
| | 33767 | (the)h(same)g(pro)s(cess\))g(one)g(ma)m(y)f(therefore)472 |
| | 33768 | 5502 y(start)32 b(to)g(obtain)f(to)s(o)g(lo)m(w)g(cross)i(sections,)g |
| | 33769 | (a)e(problem)g(that)h(then)g(gradually)e(w)m(orsens.)0 |
| | 33770 | 5610 y Fq(DXSEC\(ISUB\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(double-precision)56 |
| | 33771 | b(v)m(ersion)i(of)g(the)g(information)c(found)k(in)f |
| | 33772 | Fq(XSEC\(ISUB,2\))p Fw(,)1817 5953 y(188)p eop |
| | 33773 | %%Page: 189 195 |
| | 33774 | 189 194 bop 472 -18 a Fw(i.e.)93 b(the)50 b(sum)f(of)g(di\013eren)m |
| | 33775 | (tial)e(cross)j(sections)g(\(times)e(Jacobian)g(factors\))h(for)g(the) |
| | 33776 | 472 90 y Fq(NGEN\(ISUB,1\))36 b Fw(phase-space)e(p)s(oin)m(ts)f(ev)-5 |
| | 33777 | b(aluated)32 b(so)h(far.)146 252 y(Finally)-8 b(,)35 |
| | 33778 | b(in)h(addition)f(a)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(routines)h(and)f(common)g |
| | 33779 | (blo)s(c)m(ks)h(with)f(names)h(b)s(eginning)0 361 y(with)k |
| | 33780 | Fq(RK)i Fw(come)e(with)h(the)g(program.)70 b(These)43 |
| | 33781 | b(con)m(tain)f(the)g(matrix-elemen)m(t)e(ev)-5 b(aluation)40 |
| | 33782 | b(for)h(the)0 469 y(pro)s(cess)34 b(gg)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(Zq)p |
| | 33783 | 705 416 52 4 v(q,)33 b(based)g(on)g(a)f(program)f(of)h(Ronald)g |
| | 33784 | (Kleiss,)g(with)g(only)g(minor)f(mo)s(di\014cations.)0 |
| | 33785 | 743 y Fp(9.8)135 b(Examples)0 916 y Fw(The)32 b(program)e(is)g(built)g |
| | 33786 | (as)h(a)g(sla)m(v)m(e)g(system,)i(i.e.)42 b(y)m(ou)32 |
| | 33787 | b(supply)f(the)h(main)d(program,)h(whic)m(h)i(calls)e(on)0 |
| | 33788 | 1024 y(the)j Fm(Pythia)g Fw(and)f Fm(Jetset)g Fw(routines)g(to)h(p)s |
| | 33789 | (erform)e(sp)s(eci\014c)i(tasks)h(and)f(then)g(resumes)h(con)m(trol.) |
| | 33790 | 146 1132 y(A)42 b(t)m(ypical)e(program)g(for)g(the)i(analysis)f(of)f |
| | 33791 | (collider)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)44 b(at)d(630)f(GeV)h(c.m.)70 |
| | 33792 | b(energy)42 b(with)0 1241 y(a)i(minim)m(um)d Fj(p)590 |
| | 33793 | 1256 y Fk(?)694 1241 y Fw(of)j(10)g(GeV/c)g(at)g(the)h(hard)g |
| | 33794 | (scattering)f(\(b)s(ecause)i(of)e(initial-state)d(radiation,)0 |
| | 33795 | 1349 y(fragmen)m(tation)27 b(e\013ects,)k(etc.,)g(the)e(actual)f |
| | 33796 | Fj(p)1656 1364 y Fk(?)1744 1349 y Fw(cut-o\013)h(will)d(b)s(e)k |
| | 33797 | (smeared)f(around)g(this)g(v)-5 b(alue\))28 b(migh)m(t)0 |
| | 33798 | 1457 y(lo)s(ok)j(lik)m(e)308 1649 y Fq(COMMON/LUJETS/N,K\(4000,5\),)q |
| | 33799 | (P\(40)q(00,5)q(\),V\()q(400)q(0,5\))308 1757 y |
| | 33800 | (COMMON/PYSUBS/MSEL,MSUB\(20)q(0\),K)q(FIN\()q(2,-4)q(0:4)q(0\),C)q |
| | 33801 | (KIN\()q(200\))308 1865 y(COMMON/PYPARS/MSTP\(200\),PA)q(RP\(2)q(00\),) |
| | 33802 | q(MSTI)q(\(20)q(0\),P)q(ARI\()q(200\))308 1974 y(...)974 |
| | 33803 | b(!)52 b(set)g(all)g(common)h(block)g(variables)g(that)308 |
| | 33804 | 2082 y(...)974 b(!)52 b(did)g(not)g(have)g(desired)i(default)f(values) |
| | 33805 | 308 2190 y(CKIN\(3\)=10.)566 b(!)52 b(lower)h(p_T)f(cut-off)308 |
| | 33806 | 2299 y(CALL)g(PYINIT\('CMS','p','pbar',6)q(30.\))468 |
| | 33807 | b(!)52 b(initialize)308 2407 y(...)974 b(!)52 b(initialize)i(analysis)f |
| | 33808 | (statistics)308 2515 y(DO)e(100)h(IEVENT=1,1000)824 b(!)52 |
| | 33809 | b(loop)g(over)g(events)308 2624 y(CALL)g(PYEVNT)1283 |
| | 33810 | b(!)52 b(generate)h(event)308 2732 y(IF\(IEVENT.EQ.1\))i(CALL)d |
| | 33811 | (LULIST\(1\))310 b(!)52 b(list)g(first)h(event)308 2840 |
| | 33812 | y(...)974 b(!)52 b(insert)h(desired)g(analysis)g(chain)g(for)308 |
| | 33813 | 2949 y(...)974 b(!)52 b(each)g(event)103 3057 y(100)g(CONTINUE)308 |
| | 33814 | 3166 y(CALL)g(PYSTAT\(1\))412 b(!)52 b(print)h(cross)f(sections)308 |
| | 33815 | 3274 y(...)974 b(!)52 b(user)g(output)308 3382 y(END)1817 |
| | 33816 | 5953 y Fw(189)p eop |
| | 33817 | %%Page: 190 196 |
| | 33818 | 190 195 bop 0 -18 a Ft(10)161 b(Initial-)56 b(and)d(Final-State)j |
| | 33819 | (Radiation)0 189 y Fw(Starting)38 b(from)g(the)h(hard)h(in)m |
| | 33820 | (teraction,)g(initial-)34 b(and)40 b(\014nal-state)e(radiation)f |
| | 33821 | (corrections)i(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)0 297 y(added.)j(This)25 |
| | 33822 | b(is)g(normally)e(done)i(b)m(y)h(making)e(use)i(of)f(the)h(parton-sho)m |
| | 33823 | (w)m(er)g(language)e(|)h(only)f(for)h(the)0 405 y(e)43 |
| | 33824 | 369 y Fl(+)102 405 y Fw(e)145 369 y Fk(\000)232 405 y |
| | 33825 | Fn(!)j Fw(q)p 411 352 52 4 v(q)j(pro)s(cess)i(do)s(es)e |
| | 33826 | Fm(Jetset)f Fw(o\013er)g(a)h(matrix-elemen)m(t)e(option)g(\(describ)s |
| | 33827 | (ed)j(in)e(section)h(6.1\).)0 514 y(The)k(algorithms)d(used)j(to)f |
| | 33828 | (generate)h(initial-)30 b(and)35 b(\014nal-state)e(sho)m(w)m(ers)k(are) |
| | 33829 | d(rather)g(di\013eren)m(t,)h(and)0 622 y(are)d(therefore)h(describ)s |
| | 33830 | (ed)f(separately)h(b)s(elo)m(w,)f(starting)f(with)g(the)i(conceptually) |
| | 33831 | e(easier)h(\014nal-state)0 730 y(one.)44 b(Before)33 |
| | 33832 | b(that,)f(some)g(common)g(elemen)m(ts)h(are)f(in)m(tro)s(duced.)146 |
| | 33833 | 839 y(The)40 b(main)e(reference)j(for)d(\014nal-state)h(sho)m(w)m(ers)i |
| | 33834 | (is)e(ref.)63 b([Ben87a])39 b(and)h(for)e(initial-state)e(ones)0 |
| | 33835 | 947 y(ref.)44 b([Sj\177)-49 b(o85)o(].)0 1221 y Fp(10.1)136 |
| | 33836 | b(Sho)l(w)l(er)45 b(Ev)l(olution)0 1394 y Fw(In)39 b(the)g(leading)e |
| | 33837 | (log)g(picture,)k(a)d(sho)m(w)m(er)i(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(view)m(ed)g(as)g |
| | 33838 | (a)g(sequence)i(of)d(1)g Fn(!)g Fw(2)g(branc)m(hings)0 |
| | 33839 | 1502 y Fj(a)28 b Fn(!)f Fj(bc)p Fw(.)43 b(Here)31 b Fj(a)f |
| | 33840 | Fw(is)f(called)g(the)h(mother)f(and)h Fj(b)g Fw(and)g |
| | 33841 | Fj(c)g Fw(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(daugh)m(ters.)44 b(Eac)m(h)30 |
| | 33842 | b(daugh)m(ter)h(is)e(free)0 1610 y(to)d(branc)m(h)i(in)e(its)g(turn,)i |
| | 33843 | (so)f(that)g(a)f(tree-lik)m(e)g(stucture)i(can)f(ev)m(olv)m(e.)43 |
| | 33844 | b(W)-8 b(e)27 b(will)d(use)k(the)f(w)m(ork)h(`parton')0 |
| | 33845 | 1719 y(for)36 b(all)e(the)j(ob)5 b(jects)38 b Fj(a)p |
| | 33846 | Fw(,)f Fj(b)g Fw(and)f Fj(c)h Fw(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed)g(in)e(the)i(branc)m |
| | 33847 | (hing)f(pro)s(cess,)j(i.e.)54 b(not)36 b(only)g(for)g(quarks)0 |
| | 33848 | 1827 y(and)k(gluons)f(but)h(also)f(for)g(leptons)h(and)g(photons.)65 |
| | 33849 | b(The)41 b(branc)m(hings)f(included)g(in)f(the)h(program)0 |
| | 33850 | 1935 y(are)35 b(q)d Fn(!)f Fw(qg)q(,)37 b(g)32 b Fn(!)g |
| | 33851 | Fw(gg)q(,)j(g)e Fn(!)e Fw(q)p 1182 1882 V(q)q(,)36 b(q)c |
| | 33852 | Fn(!)f Fw(q)p Fj(\015)41 b Fw(and)35 b Fj(`)c Fn(!)h |
| | 33853 | Fj(`\015)5 b Fw(.)50 b(Photon)35 b(branc)m(hings,)h(i.e.)50 |
| | 33854 | b Fj(\015)37 b Fn(!)32 b Fw(q)p 3536 1882 V(q)j(and)0 |
| | 33855 | 2044 y Fj(\015)e Fn(!)27 b Fj(`)p 252 1964 41 4 v(`)p |
| | 33856 | Fw(,)k(ha)m(v)m(e)g(not)g(b)s(een)g(included)f(so)g(far,)g(since)h |
| | 33857 | (they)g(are)g(reasonably)f(rare)g(and)h(since)g(no)f(urgen)m(t)0 |
| | 33858 | 2152 y(need)k(for)e(them)g(has)h(b)s(een)g(p)s(erceiv)m(ed.)0 |
| | 33859 | 2400 y Fo(10.1.1)113 b(The)37 b(ev)m(olution)f(equations)0 |
| | 33860 | 2572 y Fw(In)45 b(the)h(sho)m(w)m(er)h(form)m(ulation,)e(the)h |
| | 33861 | (kinematics)e(of)h(eac)m(h)h(branc)m(hing)f(is)f(giv)m(en)i(in)e(terms) |
| | 33862 | h(of)g(t)m(w)m(o)0 2681 y(v)-5 b(ariables,)42 b Fj(Q)519 |
| | 33863 | 2645 y Fl(2)600 2681 y Fw(and)f Fj(z)t Fw(.)69 b(Sligh)m(tly)40 |
| | 33864 | b(di\013eren)m(t)h(in)m(terpretations)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en)h(to) |
| | 33865 | e(these)j(v)-5 b(ariables,)0 2789 y(and)39 b(indeed)g(this)f(is)h(one)g |
| | 33866 | (main)e(area)h(where)i(the)g(v)-5 b(arious)38 b(programs)g(on)g(the)h |
| | 33867 | (mark)m(et)g(di\013er.)62 b Fj(Q)3740 2753 y Fl(2)0 2897 |
| | 33868 | y Fw(has)28 b(dimensions)f(of)g(squared)i(mass,)g(and)f(is)f(related)h |
| | 33869 | (to)f(the)h(mass)g(or)f(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum)c(scale)0 |
| | 33870 | 3006 y(of)38 b(the)i(branc)m(hing.)62 b Fj(z)43 b Fw(giv)m(es)d(the)f |
| | 33871 | (sharing)f(of)g(the)i Fj(a)e Fw(energy)i(and)f(momen)m(tum)f(b)s(et)m |
| | 33872 | (w)m(een)j(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)0 3114 y(daugh)m(ters,)32 |
| | 33873 | b(with)e(parton)g Fj(b)h Fw(taking)e(a)h(fraction)f Fj(z)35 |
| | 33874 | b Fw(and)c(parton)f Fj(c)g Fw(a)g(fraction)f(1)17 b Fn(\000)i |
| | 33875 | Fj(z)t Fw(.)43 b(T)-8 b(o)30 b(sp)s(ecify)h(the)0 3222 |
| | 33876 | y(kinematics,)37 b(an)g(azim)m(uthal)e(angle)i Fj(')g |
| | 33877 | Fw(of)f(the)i Fj(b)f Fw(around)h(the)f Fj(a)g Fw(direction)f(is)h |
| | 33878 | (needed)i(in)d(addition;)0 3331 y(normally)i Fj(')i Fw(is)f(c)m(hosen)j |
| | 33879 | (to)d(b)s(e)i(isotropically)c(distributed,)k(although)e(options)h(for)f |
| | 33880 | (non-isotropic)0 3439 y(distributions)31 b(exist.)146 |
| | 33881 | 3547 y(The)g(probabilit)m(y)c(for)i(a)g(parton)g(to)g(branc)m(h)h(is)f |
| | 33882 | (giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)i(the)e(ev)m(olution)g(equations)g(\(also)g(called)0 |
| | 33883 | 3656 y(DGLAP)j(or)g(Altarelli{P)m(arisi)c([Gri72)n(,)33 |
| | 33884 | b(Alt77)o(]\).)43 b(It)33 b(is)f(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)i(to)e(in)m(tro)s |
| | 33885 | (duce)943 3935 y Fj(t)c Fw(=)g(ln)o(\()p Fj(Q)1306 3894 |
| | 33886 | y Fl(2)1346 3935 y Fj(=)p Fw(\003)1463 3894 y Fl(2)1501 |
| | 33887 | 3935 y Fw(\))126 b Fn(\))e Fw(d)p Fj(t)29 b Fw(=)e(d)17 |
| | 33888 | b(ln)o(\()p Fj(Q)2377 3894 y Fl(2)2417 3935 y Fw(\))27 |
| | 33889 | b(=)2596 3868 y(d)p Fj(Q)2727 3831 y Fl(2)p 2596 3912 |
| | 33890 | 171 4 v 2623 4003 a Fj(Q)2700 3975 y Fl(2)2809 3935 y |
| | 33891 | Fj(;)721 b Fw(\(126\))0 4200 y(where)39 b(\003)f(is)g(the)g(QCD)g(\003) |
| | 33892 | g(scale)g(in)f Fj(\013)1455 4215 y Fl(s)1488 4200 y Fw(.)60 |
| | 33893 | b(Of)37 b(course,)k(this)d(c)m(hoice)g(is)g(more)f(directed)i(to)m(w)m |
| | 33894 | (ards)g(the)0 4308 y(QCD)34 b(parts)g(of)g(the)h(sho)m(w)m(er,)h(but)f |
| | 33895 | (it)e(can)i(b)s(e)f(used)h(just)g(as)f(w)m(ell)g(for)f(the)i(QED)f |
| | 33896 | (ones.)49 b(In)35 b(terms)f(of)0 4416 y(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)g(v)-5 |
| | 33897 | b(ariables)32 b Fj(t)g Fw(and)h Fj(z)t Fw(,)g(the)g(di\013eren)m(tial)e |
| | 33898 | (probabilit)m(y)g(d)p Fn(P)41 b Fw(for)32 b(parton)g |
| | 33899 | Fj(a)h Fw(to)f(branc)m(h)i(is)e(no)m(w)1249 4654 y(d)p |
| | 33900 | Fn(P)1372 4669 y Fh(a)1442 4654 y Fw(=)1545 4571 y Fg(X)1565 |
| | 33901 | 4756 y Fh(b;c)1692 4587 y Fj(\013)1754 4602 y Fh(abc)p |
| | 33902 | 1692 4631 165 4 v 1720 4722 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1883 4654 |
| | 33903 | y(P)1946 4669 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)2119 4654 y Fw(\()p |
| | 33904 | Fj(z)t Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(t)g Fw(d)p Fj(z)37 b(:)1027 |
| | 33905 | b Fw(\(127\))0 4954 y(Here)41 b(the)g(sum)f(is)g(supp)s(osed)i(to)d |
| | 33906 | (run)i(o)m(v)m(er)g(all)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(branc)m(hings,)k(for)d(a)g |
| | 33907 | (quark)h(q)g Fn(!)g Fw(qg)g(and)0 5062 y(q)29 b Fn(!)f |
| | 33908 | Fw(q)p Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)34 b(and)f(so)g(on.)45 b(The)34 |
| | 33909 | b Fj(\013)1124 5077 y Fh(abc)1259 5062 y Fw(factor)e(is)h |
| | 33910 | Fj(\013)1699 5077 y Fl(em)1826 5062 y Fw(for)g(QED)f(branc)m(hings)i |
| | 33911 | (and)f Fj(\013)2969 5077 y Fl(s)3034 5062 y Fw(for)f(QCD)h(ones)h(\(to) |
| | 33912 | 0 5171 y(b)s(e)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(at)g(some)h(suitable)e(scale,)i |
| | 33913 | (see)h(b)s(elo)m(w\).)146 5279 y(The)g(splitting)c(k)m(ernels)k |
| | 33914 | Fj(P)1121 5294 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)1294 5279 y Fw(\()p |
| | 33915 | Fj(z)t Fw(\))f(are)1143 5558 y Fj(P)1206 5573 y Fl(q)p |
| | 33916 | Fk(!)p Fl(qg)1391 5558 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))84 b(=)f |
| | 33917 | Fj(C)1829 5573 y Fh(F)1914 5491 y Fw(1)22 b(+)g Fj(z)2132 |
| | 33918 | 5455 y Fl(2)p 1914 5535 259 4 v 1933 5626 a Fw(1)g Fn(\000)g |
| | 33919 | Fj(z)2214 5558 y(;)1817 5953 y Fw(190)p eop |
| | 33920 | %%Page: 191 197 |
| | 33921 | 191 196 bop 1146 28 a Fj(P)1209 43 y Fl(g)q Fk(!)p Fl(gg)1391 |
| | 33922 | 28 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))84 b(=)f Fj(N)1837 43 y Fh(C)1923 |
| | 33923 | -39 y Fw(\(1)21 b Fn(\000)i Fj(z)t Fw(\(1)g Fn(\000)f |
| | 33924 | Fj(z)t Fw(\)\))2514 -75 y Fl(2)p 1923 5 632 4 v 2066 |
| | 33925 | 97 a Fj(z)t Fw(\(1)g Fn(\000)h Fj(z)t Fw(\))2597 28 y |
| | 33926 | Fj(;)1143 239 y(P)1206 254 y Fl(g)q Fk(!)p Fl(q)p 1350 |
| | 33927 | 215 38 4 v(q)1391 239 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))84 b(=)f |
| | 33928 | Fj(T)1816 254 y Fh(R)1890 239 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)1977 198 |
| | 33929 | y Fl(2)2040 239 y Fw(+)22 b(\(1)f Fn(\000)i Fj(z)t Fw(\))2433 |
| | 33930 | 198 y Fl(2)2473 239 y Fw(\))33 b Fj(;)1139 446 y(P)1202 |
| | 33931 | 461 y Fl(q)p Fk(!)p Fl(q)p Fh(\015)1391 446 y Fw(\()p |
| | 33932 | Fj(z)t Fw(\))84 b(=)f Fj(e)1804 405 y Fl(2)1804 471 y(q)1872 |
| | 33933 | 379 y Fw(1)22 b(+)g Fj(z)2090 343 y Fl(2)p 1872 423 259 |
| | 33934 | 4 v 1891 514 a Fw(1)g Fn(\000)g Fj(z)2173 446 y(;)1156 |
| | 33935 | 702 y(P)1219 717 y Fh(`)p Fk(!)p Fh(`\015)1391 702 y |
| | 33936 | Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))84 b(=)f Fj(e)1804 661 y Fl(2)1804 |
| | 33937 | 727 y Fh(`)1870 635 y Fw(1)22 b(+)g Fj(z)2088 599 y Fl(2)p |
| | 33938 | 1870 679 V 1889 771 a Fw(1)g Fn(\000)g Fj(z)2171 702 |
| | 33939 | y(;)1359 b Fw(\(128\))0 962 y(with)43 b Fj(C)303 977 |
| | 33940 | y Fh(F)407 962 y Fw(=)i(4)p Fj(=)p Fw(3,)g Fj(N)825 977 |
| | 33941 | y Fh(C)930 962 y Fw(=)h(3,)f Fj(T)1230 977 y Fh(R)1334 |
| | 33942 | 962 y Fw(=)g Fj(n)1513 977 y Fh(f)1559 962 y Fj(=)p Fw(2)e(\(i.e.)74 |
| | 33943 | b Fj(T)1994 977 y Fh(R)2095 962 y Fw(receiv)m(es)45 b(a)e(con)m |
| | 33944 | (tribution)f(of)h(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2)f(for)h(eac)m(h)0 1070 |
| | 33945 | y(allo)m(w)m(ed)29 b(q)p 395 1017 52 4 v(q)i(\015a)m(v)m(our\),)h(and)e |
| | 33946 | Fj(e)1095 1034 y Fl(2)1095 1095 y(q)1166 1070 y Fw(and)g |
| | 33947 | Fj(e)1398 1034 y Fl(2)1398 1095 y Fh(`)1468 1070 y Fw(the)g(squared)i |
| | 33948 | (electric)d(c)m(harge)i(\(4)p Fj(=)p Fw(9)e(for)h(u-t)m(yp)s(e)g |
| | 33949 | (quarks,)i(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(9)0 1190 y(for)g(d-t)m(yp)s(e)h(ones,)h(and)e |
| | 33950 | (1)h(for)f(leptons\).)146 1299 y(P)m(ersons)43 b(familiar)37 |
| | 33951 | b(with)k(analytical)d(calculations)h(ma)m(y)i(w)m(onder)i(wh)m(y)f(the) |
| | 33952 | f(`+)g(prescriptions')0 1407 y(and)34 b Fj(\016)t Fw(\(1)22 |
| | 33953 | b Fn(\000)i Fj(z)t Fw(\))34 b(terms)g(of)f(the)h(splitting)e(k)m |
| | 33954 | (ernels)i(in)f(eq.)i(\(128\))e(are)g(missing.)46 b(These)35 |
| | 33955 | b(complications)0 1515 y(ful\014l)24 b(the)j(task)f(of)g(ensuring)g |
| | 33956 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)h(and)f(energy)h(conserv)-5 b(ation)26 |
| | 33957 | b(in)f(the)h(analytical)e(equations.)42 b(The)0 1624 |
| | 33958 | y(corresp)s(onding)27 b(problem)e(is)i(solv)m(ed)g(trivially)d(in)i |
| | 33959 | (Mon)m(te)h(Carlo)f(programs,)h(where)h(the)g(sho)m(w)m(er)g(ev)m(o-)0 |
| | 33960 | 1732 y(lution)21 b(is)i(traced)h(in)e(detail,)i(and)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)h |
| | 33961 | (and)f(four-momen)m(tum)e(are)i(conserv)m(ed)j(at)c(eac)m(h)i(branc)m |
| | 33962 | (hing.)0 1841 y(The)29 b(legacy)f(left)f(is)g(the)i(need)g(to)e(in)m |
| | 33963 | (tro)s(duce)h(a)g(cut-o\013)f(on)h(the)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(range)h(of)f |
| | 33964 | Fj(z)33 b Fw(in)27 b(splittings,)g(so)0 1949 y(as)i(to)g(a)m(v)m(oid)f |
| | 33965 | (the)i(singular)d(regions)h(corresp)s(onding)h(to)g(excessiv)m(e)i(pro) |
| | 33966 | s(duction)d(of)h(v)m(ery)h(soft)f(gluons.)146 2057 y(Also)j(note)g |
| | 33967 | (that)h Fj(P)857 2072 y Fl(g)q Fk(!)p Fl(gg)1039 2057 |
| | 33968 | y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))g(is)f(giv)m(en)g(here)h(with)f(a)g(factor)g |
| | 33969 | Fj(N)2420 2072 y Fh(C)2511 2057 y Fw(in)g(fron)m(t,)g(while)f(it)h(is)f |
| | 33970 | (sometimes)0 2166 y(sho)m(wn)i(with)e(2)p Fj(N)643 2181 |
| | 33971 | y Fh(C)702 2166 y Fw(.)43 b(The)33 b(confusion)e(arises)h(b)s(ecause)h |
| | 33972 | (the)f(\014nal)f(state)h(con)m(tains)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(iden)m(tical)e(par-) |
| | 33973 | 0 2274 y(tons.)43 b(With)31 b(the)h(normalization)c(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)k |
| | 33974 | Fj(P)1649 2289 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)1822 2274 y Fw(\()p |
| | 33975 | Fj(z)t Fw(\))g(is)f(in)m(terpreted)i(as)e(the)h(branc)m(hing)f |
| | 33976 | (probabilit)m(y)0 2382 y(for)k(the)g(original)d(parton)i |
| | 33977 | Fj(a)p Fw(.)52 b(On)35 b(the)g(other)g(hand,)h(one)g(could)e(also)g |
| | 33978 | (write)h(do)m(wn)h(the)f(probabilit)m(y)0 2491 y(that)25 |
| | 33979 | b(a)g(parton)g Fj(b)g Fw(is)g(pro)s(duced)h(with)f(a)g(fractional)e |
| | 33980 | (energy)j Fj(z)t Fw(.)42 b(Almost)24 b(all)f(the)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(k)m |
| | 33981 | (ernels)h(can)e(b)s(e)0 2599 y(used)h(unc)m(hanged)g(also)e(for)h(this) |
| | 33982 | f(purp)s(ose,)j(with)e(the)g(ob)m(vious)g(symmetry)g |
| | 33983 | Fj(P)2822 2614 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)2995 2599 y Fw(\()p |
| | 33984 | Fj(z)t Fw(\))j(=)g Fj(P)3315 2614 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(cb)3488 |
| | 33985 | 2599 y Fw(\(1)6 b Fn(\000)g Fj(z)t Fw(\).)0 2707 y(F)-8 |
| | 33986 | b(or)35 b(g)g Fn(!)f Fw(gg)q(,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(the)c(total)f |
| | 33987 | (probabilit)m(y)f(to)i(\014nd)h(a)f(gluon)f(with)h(energy)h(fraction)e |
| | 33988 | Fj(z)41 b Fw(is)36 b(the)0 2816 y(sum)29 b(of)f(the)h(probabilit)m(y)e |
| | 33989 | (to)i(\014nd)g(either)f(the)i(\014rst)f(or)f(the)i(second)g(daugh)m |
| | 33990 | (ter)f(there,)i(and)d(that)h(giv)m(es)0 2924 y(the)k(factor)f(of)g(2)g |
| | 33991 | (enhancemen)m(t.)0 3172 y Fo(10.1.2)113 b(The)37 b(Sudak)m(o)m(v)i |
| | 33992 | (form)e(factor)0 3344 y Fw(The)e Fj(t)f Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)33 |
| | 33993 | b(\014lls)g(the)h(function)g(of)f(a)h(kind)g(of)g(time)f(for)g(the)i |
| | 33994 | (sho)m(w)m(er)h(ev)m(olution.)47 b(In)34 b(\014nal-state)0 |
| | 33995 | 3453 y(sho)m(w)m(ers,)46 b Fj(t)c Fw(is)f(constrained)h(to)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 33996 | (gradually)e(decreasing)i(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)h(from)d(the)j(hard)e |
| | 33997 | (scattering,)j(in)0 3561 y(initial-state)34 b(ones)k(to)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 33998 | (gradually)e(increasing)g(to)m(w)m(ards)j(the)f(hard)g(scattering.)59 |
| | 33999 | b(This)37 b(do)s(es)i(not)0 3669 y(mean)30 b(that)g(an)g(individual)e |
| | 34000 | (parton)i(runs)h(through)f(a)h(range)f(of)g Fj(t)g Fw(v)-5 |
| | 34001 | b(alues:)43 b(in)29 b(the)i(end,)g(eac)m(h)h(parton)0 |
| | 34002 | 3778 y(is)39 b(asso)s(ciated)g(with)h(a)f(\014xed)i Fj(t)e |
| | 34003 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue,)41 b(and)f(the)g(ev)m(olution)e(pro)s(cedure)j(is)e |
| | 34004 | (just)h(a)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(of)e(pic)m(king)0 3886 y(that)d(v)-5 |
| | 34005 | b(alue.)55 b(It)36 b(is)g(only)g(the)h(ensem)m(ble)g(of)f(partons)g(in) |
| | 34006 | g(man)m(y)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(that)d(ev)m(olv)m(es)i(con)m(tin)m(uously)0 |
| | 34007 | 3994 y(with)32 b Fj(t)p Fw(,)h(cf.)44 b(the)33 b(concept)g(of)f(parton) |
| | 34008 | h(distributions.)146 4103 y(F)-8 b(or)30 b(a)g(giv)m(en)g |
| | 34009 | Fj(t)h Fw(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(w)m(e)j(de\014ne)f(the)g(in)m(tegral)e(of)g |
| | 34010 | (the)i(branc)m(hing)f(probabilit)m(y)f(o)m(v)m(er)i(all)d(allo)m(w)m |
| | 34011 | (ed)0 4211 y Fj(z)37 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)1150 4379 y Fn(I)1204 |
| | 34012 | 4394 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)1377 4379 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)p |
| | 34013 | Fw(\))28 b(=)1619 4262 y Fg(Z)1702 4289 y Fh(z)1735 4298 |
| | 34014 | y Ff(+)1786 4289 y Fl(\()p Fh(t)p Fl(\))1665 4451 y Fh(z)1698 |
| | 34015 | 4460 y Fd(\000)1750 4451 y Fl(\()p Fh(t)p Fl(\))1887 |
| | 34016 | 4379 y Fw(d)p Fj(z)2018 4312 y(\013)2080 4327 y Fh(abc)p |
| | 34017 | 2018 4356 165 4 v 2046 4448 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)2209 4379 |
| | 34018 | y(P)2272 4394 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)2444 4379 y Fw(\()p |
| | 34019 | Fj(z)t Fw(\))34 b Fj(:)927 b Fw(\(129\))0 4599 y(The)28 |
| | 34020 | b(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)27 b(probabilit)m(y)d(that)j(a)g(branc) |
| | 34021 | m(hing)f(o)s(ccurs)i(during)e(a)g(small)f(range)i(of)f |
| | 34022 | Fj(t)h Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)28 b Fj(\016)t(t)p Fw(,)g(is)e(giv)m(en)0 |
| | 34023 | 4707 y(b)m(y)135 4641 y Fg(P)223 4728 y Fh(b;c)324 4707 |
| | 34024 | y Fn(I)378 4722 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)551 4707 y Fw(\()p |
| | 34025 | Fj(t)p Fw(\))17 b Fj(\016)t(t)p Fw(,)33 b(and)g(th)m(us)g(the)g |
| | 34026 | (probabilit)m(y)e(for)h(no)g(emission)g(b)m(y)h(1)22 |
| | 34027 | b Fn(\000)2874 4641 y Fg(P)2961 4728 y Fh(b;c)3062 4707 |
| | 34028 | y Fn(I)3116 4722 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)3290 4707 y Fw(\()p |
| | 34029 | Fj(t)p Fw(\))17 b Fj(\016)t(t)p Fw(.)146 4816 y(If)36 |
| | 34030 | b(the)g(ev)m(olution)f(of)g(parton)h Fj(a)f Fw(starts)i(at)e(a)g |
| | 34031 | (`time')g Fj(t)2159 4831 y Fl(0)2199 4816 y Fw(,)h(the)g(probabilit)m |
| | 34032 | (y)e(that)h(the)i(parton)e(has)0 4924 y(not)e(y)m(et)h(branc)m(hed)g |
| | 34033 | (at)f(a)f(`later)g(time')g Fj(t)c(>)h(t)1666 4939 y Fl(0)1738 |
| | 34034 | 4924 y Fw(is)j(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)f(the)h(pro)s(duct)f(of)f(the)i |
| | 34035 | (probabilities)c(that)0 5032 y(it)e(did)h(not)g(branc)m(h)h(in)e(an)m |
| | 34036 | (y)i(of)f(the)g(small)e(in)m(terv)-5 b(als)28 b Fj(\016)t(t)i |
| | 34037 | Fw(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h Fj(t)2470 5047 y Fl(0)2539 5032 |
| | 34038 | y Fw(and)e Fj(t)p Fw(.)42 b(In)30 b(other)f(w)m(ords,)i(letting)0 |
| | 34039 | 5141 y Fj(\016)t(t)d Fn(!)f Fw(0,)33 b(the)g(no-branc)m(hing)f |
| | 34040 | (probabilit)m(y)e(exp)s(onen)m(tiates:)663 5442 y Fn(P)732 |
| | 34041 | 5457 y Fl(no)p Fk(\000)p Fl(branc)n(hing)1171 5442 y |
| | 34042 | Fw(\()p Fj(t)1244 5457 y Fl(0)1284 5442 y Fj(;)17 b(t)p |
| | 34043 | Fw(\))27 b(=)h(exp)1698 5268 y Fg(8)1698 5343 y(<)1698 |
| | 34044 | 5492 y(:)1771 5442 y Fn(\000)1865 5325 y Fg(Z)1948 5352 |
| | 34045 | y Fh(t)1912 5514 y(t)1937 5523 y Ff(0)1995 5442 y Fw(d)p |
| | 34046 | Fj(t)2084 5401 y Fk(0)2141 5359 y Fg(X)2160 5544 y Fh(b;c)2277 |
| | 34047 | 5442 y Fn(I)2331 5457 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)2504 5442 |
| | 34048 | y Fw(\()p Fj(t)2577 5401 y Fk(0)2601 5442 y Fw(\))2639 |
| | 34049 | 5268 y Fg(9)2639 5343 y(=)2639 5492 y(;)2740 5442 y Fw(=)g |
| | 34050 | Fj(S)2904 5457 y Fh(a)2945 5442 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))33 |
| | 34051 | b Fj(:)441 b Fw(\(130\))1817 5953 y(191)p eop |
| | 34052 | %%Page: 192 198 |
| | 34053 | 192 197 bop 0 -18 a Fw(Th)m(us)34 b(the)f(actual)f(probabilit)m(y)e |
| | 34054 | (that)j(a)f(branc)m(hing)h(of)f Fj(a)g Fw(o)s(ccurs)i(at)e |
| | 34055 | Fj(t)h Fw(is)f(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)174 216 y(d)p Fn(P)297 |
| | 34056 | 231 y Fh(a)p 174 260 166 4 v 212 352 a Fw(d)p Fj(t)376 |
| | 34057 | 283 y Fw(=)c Fn(\000)567 216 y Fw(d)p Fn(P)690 231 y |
| | 34058 | Fl(no)p Fk(\000)p Fl(branc)n(hing)1129 216 y Fw(\()p |
| | 34059 | Fj(t)1202 231 y Fl(0)1242 216 y Fj(;)17 b(t)p Fw(\))p |
| | 34060 | 567 260 792 4 v 918 352 a(d)p Fj(t)1396 283 y Fw(=)1500 |
| | 34061 | 112 y Fg(0)1500 262 y(@)1573 200 y(X)1592 385 y Fh(b;c)1709 |
| | 34062 | 283 y Fn(I)1763 298 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)1936 283 y |
| | 34063 | Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))2047 112 y Fg(1)2047 262 y(A)2137 |
| | 34064 | 283 y Fw(exp)2302 109 y Fg(8)2302 184 y(<)2302 333 y(:)2376 |
| | 34065 | 283 y Fn(\000)2470 166 y Fg(Z)2553 192 y Fh(t)2516 355 |
| | 34066 | y(t)2541 364 y Ff(0)2600 283 y Fw(d)p Fj(t)2689 242 y |
| | 34067 | Fk(0)2745 200 y Fg(X)2765 385 y Fh(b;c)2882 283 y Fn(I)2936 |
| | 34068 | 298 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)3109 283 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)3182 |
| | 34069 | 242 y Fk(0)3206 283 y Fw(\))3244 109 y Fg(9)3244 184 |
| | 34070 | y(=)3244 333 y(;)3366 283 y Fj(:)164 b Fw(\(131\))146 |
| | 34071 | 585 y(The)45 b(\014rst)f(factor)g(is)f(the)h(na)-11 b(\177)-38 |
| | 34072 | b(\020v)m(e)44 b(branc)m(hing)g(probabilit)m(y)-8 b(,)44 |
| | 34073 | b(the)g(second)i(the)e(suppression)h(due)0 693 y(to)f(the)i(conserv)-5 |
| | 34074 | b(ation)44 b(of)g(total)g(probabilit)m(y:)66 b(if)43 |
| | 34075 | b(a)i(parton)f(has)h(already)g(branc)m(hed)h(at)e(a)h(`time')0 |
| | 34076 | 801 y Fj(t)35 765 y Fk(0)106 801 y Fj(<)i(t)p Fw(,)g(it)c(can)h(no)g |
| | 34077 | (longer)f(branc)m(h)i(at)f Fj(t)p Fw(.)78 b(This)44 b(is)g(nothing)f |
| | 34078 | (but)h(the)h(exp)s(onen)m(tial)e(factor)h(that)0 910 |
| | 34079 | y(is)k(familiar)c(from)k(radioactiv)m(e)f(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 34080 | b(.)92 b(In)49 b(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h(language)d(the)i(exp)s(onen)m |
| | 34081 | (tial)f(factor)0 1018 y Fj(S)60 1033 y Fh(a)102 1018 |
| | 34082 | y Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))27 b(=)h Fn(P)413 1033 y Fl(no)p |
| | 34083 | Fk(\000)p Fl(branc)n(hing)852 1018 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)925 |
| | 34084 | 1033 y Fl(0)964 1018 y Fj(;)17 b(t)p Fw(\))33 b(is)f(referred)h(to)f |
| | 34085 | (as)h(the)g(Sudak)m(o)m(v)h(form)e(factor)g([Sud56].)146 |
| | 34086 | 1127 y(The)45 b(ordering)e(in)g(terms)g(of)g(increasing)g |
| | 34087 | Fj(t)h Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(is)f(the)i(appropriate)d(one)i(for)f |
| | 34088 | (initial-state)0 1235 y(sho)m(w)m(ers.)87 b(In)46 b(\014nal-state)f |
| | 34089 | (sho)m(w)m(ers)k(the)d(ev)m(olution)g(is)g(from)e(an)j(initial)42 |
| | 34090 | b Fj(t)2868 1250 y Fl(max)3050 1235 y Fw(\(set)47 b(b)m(y)g(the)f(hard) |
| | 34091 | 0 1343 y(scattering\))32 b(and)g(to)m(w)m(ards)h(smaller)d |
| | 34092 | Fj(t)p Fw(.)43 b(In)32 b(that)g(case)h(the)f(in)m(tegral)f(from)f |
| | 34093 | Fj(t)2805 1358 y Fl(0)2877 1343 y Fw(to)i Fj(t)g Fw(in)f(eqs.)i |
| | 34094 | (\(130\))e(and)0 1452 y(\(131\))i(is)g(replaced)h(b)m(y)h(an)e(in)m |
| | 34095 | (tegral)g(from)f Fj(t)i Fw(to)f Fj(t)1826 1467 y Fl(max)1962 |
| | 34096 | 1452 y Fw(.)47 b(Since,)34 b(b)m(y)h(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion,)g(the)g |
| | 34097 | (Sudak)m(o)m(v)g(factor)0 1560 y(is)g(still)e(de\014ned)k(from)d(the)i |
| | 34098 | (lo)m(w)m(er)g(cut-o\013)f Fj(t)1639 1575 y Fl(0)1679 |
| | 34099 | 1560 y Fw(,)h(i.e.)51 b(giv)m(es)36 b(the)g(probabilit)m(y)e(that)h(a)g |
| | 34100 | (parton)g(starting)0 1668 y(at)f(scale)g Fj(t)g Fw(will)e(not)h(ha)m(v) |
| | 34101 | m(e)j(branc)m(hed)f(b)m(y)g(the)g(lo)m(w)m(er)f(cut-o\013)f(scale)h |
| | 34102 | Fj(t)2573 1683 y Fl(0)2613 1668 y Fw(,)h(the)f(no-branc)m(hing)f |
| | 34103 | (factor)h(is)0 1777 y(actually)d Fn(P)440 1792 y Fl(no)p |
| | 34104 | Fk(\000)p Fl(branc)n(hing)879 1777 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)952 |
| | 34105 | 1792 y Fl(max)1088 1777 y Fj(;)17 b(t)p Fw(\))27 b(=)h |
| | 34106 | Fj(S)1396 1792 y Fh(a)1437 1777 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)1510 1792 |
| | 34107 | y Fl(max)1646 1777 y Fw(\))p Fj(=S)1793 1792 y Fh(a)1834 |
| | 34108 | 1777 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\).)146 1885 y(W)-8 b(e)34 b(note)g(that)f |
| | 34109 | (the)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(structure)h(is)e(exactly)h(of)f(the)h(kind)f |
| | 34110 | (discussed)i(in)e(section)h(4.2.)46 b(The)0 1993 y(v)m(eto)i(algorithm) |
| | 34111 | c(is)j(therefore)h(extensiv)m(ely)h(used)f(in)e(the)i(Mon)m(te)g(Carlo) |
| | 34112 | f(sim)m(ulation)d(of)j(parton)0 2102 y(sho)m(w)m(ers.)0 |
| | 34113 | 2349 y Fo(10.1.3)113 b(Matc)m(hing)37 b(to)g(the)g(hard)h(scattering)0 |
| | 34114 | 2522 y Fw(The)50 b(ev)m(olution)e(in)f Fj(Q)862 2486 |
| | 34115 | y Fl(2)951 2522 y Fw(is)h(b)s(egun)h(from)f(some)g(maxim)m(um)f(scale)h |
| | 34116 | Fj(Q)2676 2486 y Fl(2)2676 2547 y(max)2861 2522 y Fw(for)g |
| | 34117 | (\014nal-state)g(parton)0 2630 y(sho)m(w)m(ers,)i(and)44 |
| | 34118 | b(is)g(terminated)g(at)g(\(a)g(p)s(ossibly)g(di\013eren)m(t\))h |
| | 34119 | Fj(Q)2384 2594 y Fl(2)2384 2655 y(max)2564 2630 y Fw(for)f |
| | 34120 | (initial-state)d(sho)m(w)m(ers.)81 b(In)0 2739 y(general)30 |
| | 34121 | b Fj(Q)411 2703 y Fl(2)411 2763 y(max)578 2739 y Fw(is)g(not)g(kno)m |
| | 34122 | (wn.)45 b(Indeed,)32 b(since)g(the)f(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h(language)d |
| | 34123 | (do)s(es)i(not)g(guaran)m(tee)0 2847 y(agreemen)m(t)40 |
| | 34124 | b(with)f(higher-order)f(matrix-elemen)m(t)g(results,)j(neither)f(in)f |
| | 34125 | (absolute)g(shap)s(e)h(nor)f(nor-)0 2955 y(malization,)26 |
| | 34126 | b(there)j(is)f(no)g(unique)h(prescription)f(for)g(a)g(`b)s(est')h(c)m |
| | 34127 | (hoice.)42 b(Generically)27 b Fj(Q)3210 2970 y Fl(max)3374 |
| | 34128 | 2955 y Fw(should)h(b)s(e)0 3064 y(of)37 b(the)h(order)f(of)g(the)h |
| | 34129 | (hard-scattering)e(scale,)j(i.e.)57 b(the)38 b(largest)e(virtualit)m(y) |
| | 34130 | g(should)h(b)s(e)h(asso)s(ciated)0 3172 y(with)e(the)g(hard)g |
| | 34131 | (scattering,)h(and)f(initial-)c(and)k(\014nal-state)g(parton)f(sho)m(w) |
| | 34132 | m(ers)k(should)d(only)f(in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)0 3280 y(virtualities)24 |
| | 34133 | b(smaller)h(than)i(that.)42 b(This)27 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(view)m(ed)h |
| | 34134 | (just)g(as)f(a)g(matter)f(of)g(sound)i(b)s(o)s(okk)m(eeping:)0 |
| | 34135 | 3389 y(in)39 b(a)h(2)g Fn(!)g Fj(n)g Fw(graph,)i(a)e(2)g |
| | 34136 | Fn(!)g Fw(2)f(hard-scattering)h(subgraph)g(could)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hosen)i |
| | 34137 | (sev)m(eral)e(di\013eren)m(t)0 3497 y(w)m(a)m(ys,)47 |
| | 34138 | b(but)d(if)d(all)g(the)j(p)s(ossibilities)c(w)m(ere)k(to)e(b)s(e)i |
| | 34139 | (generated)f(then)h(the)f(cross)h(section)f(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)0 |
| | 34140 | 3605 y(double-coun)m(ted.)k(Therefore)35 b(one)e(should)h(de\014ne)g |
| | 34141 | (the)g(2)29 b Fn(!)g Fw(2)34 b(`hard')f(piece)h(of)f(a)g(2)c |
| | 34142 | Fn(!)g Fj(n)34 b Fw(graph)f(as)0 3714 y(the)g(one)g(that)f(in)m(v)m |
| | 34143 | (olv)m(es)i(the)f(largest)e(virtualit)m(y)-8 b(.)146 |
| | 34144 | 3822 y(Of)35 b(course,)h(the)g(issue)f(of)g(double-coun)m(ting)f(dep)s |
| | 34145 | (ends)i(a)f(bit)f(on)h(what)g(pro)s(cesses)i(are)e(actually)0 |
| | 34146 | 3931 y(generated)29 b(in)f(the)g(program.)41 b(If)28 |
| | 34147 | b(one)h(considers)g(a)e(q)p 1949 3878 52 4 v(q)q(g)j(\014nal)d(state)i |
| | 34148 | (in)e(hadron)i(colliders,)e(this)h(could)0 4039 y(come)35 |
| | 34149 | b(either)g(as)g(\014nal-state)f(radiation)f(o\013)i(a)g(q)p |
| | 34150 | 1807 3986 V(q)h(pair,)e(or)h(b)m(y)h(a)f(gluon)f(splitting)f(in)h(a)h |
| | 34151 | (q)p 3375 3986 V(q)h(pair,)f(or)0 4147 y(man)m(y)d(other)g(w)m(a)m(ys,) |
| | 34152 | i(so)e(that)f(the)i(danger)f(of)f(double-coun)m(ting)g(is)g(v)m(ery)j |
| | 34153 | (real.)42 b(On)32 b(the)g(other)g(hand,)0 4256 y(consider)24 |
| | 34154 | b(the)h(pro)s(duction)e(of)g(a)h(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)1419 |
| | 34155 | 4271 y Fk(?)1477 4256 y Fw(,)i(lo)m(w-mass)d(Drell{Y)-8 |
| | 34156 | b(an)21 b(pair)i(of)g(leptons,)j(together)e(with)g(t)m(w)m(o)0 |
| | 34157 | 4364 y(quark)34 b(jets.)46 b(Suc)m(h)34 b(a)f(pro)s(cess)h(in)f |
| | 34158 | (principle)e(could)i(pro)s(ceed)h(b)m(y)g(ha)m(ving)f(a)g |
| | 34159 | Fj(\015)2884 4328 y Fk(\003)2957 4364 y Fw(emitted)f(o\013)h(a)g(quark) |
| | 34160 | 0 4472 y(leg,)d(with)g(a)g(quark{quark)i(scattering)e(as)h(hard)f(in)m |
| | 34161 | (teraction.)42 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33 b(since)e(this)f(pro)s(cess)i(is) |
| | 34162 | e(not)0 4581 y(included)37 b(in)g(the)h(program,)f(there)i(is)e(no)g |
| | 34163 | (actual)g(danger)g(of)g(\(this)h(particular\))d(double-coun)m(ting,)0 |
| | 34164 | 4689 y(and)d(so)h(the)g(scale)f(of)g(ev)m(olution)f(could)h(b)s(e)h |
| | 34165 | (pic)m(k)m(ed)g(larger)e(than)i(the)g(mass)f(of)g(the)g(Drell{Y)-8 |
| | 34166 | b(an)30 b(pair,)0 4797 y(at)i(least)g(b)m(y)i(some)e(amoun)m(t.)146 |
| | 34167 | 4906 y(F)-8 b(or)36 b(most)g(2)f Fn(!)f Fw(2)i(scattering)g(pro)s |
| | 34168 | (cesses)j(in)d Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)i(the)f Fj(Q)2529 4869 |
| | 34169 | y Fl(2)2605 4906 y Fw(scale)g(of)f(the)h(hard)g(scattering)0 |
| | 34170 | 5014 y(is)c(c)m(hosen)i(to)f(b)s(e)f Fj(Q)743 4978 y |
| | 34171 | Fl(2)743 5039 y(hard)918 5014 y Fw(=)d Fj(p)1073 4978 |
| | 34172 | y Fl(2)1073 5039 y Fk(?)1165 5014 y Fw(\(when)35 b(the)f(\014nal-state) |
| | 34173 | f(particles)g(are)g(massless,)i(otherwise)f(masses)0 |
| | 34174 | 5122 y(are)f(added\).)45 b(In)34 b(\014nal-state)e(sho)m(w)m(ers,)j |
| | 34175 | (where)g Fj(Q)e Fw(is)g(asso)s(ciated)f(with)h(the)h(mass)f(of)f(the)i |
| | 34176 | (branc)m(hing)0 5231 y(parton,)k(transv)m(erse)h(momen)m(ta)d |
| | 34177 | (generated)i(in)e(the)h(sho)m(w)m(er)i(are)e(constrained)g(b)m(y)h |
| | 34178 | Fj(p)3188 5246 y Fk(?)3283 5231 y Fj(<)d(Q=)p Fw(2.)56 |
| | 34179 | b(An)0 5339 y(ordering)43 b(that)h(sho)m(w)m(er)i Fj(p)1000 |
| | 34180 | 5354 y Fk(?)1103 5339 y Fw(b)s(e)f(smaller)d(than)i(the)h |
| | 34181 | (hard-scattering)e Fj(p)2753 5354 y Fk(?)2856 5339 y |
| | 34182 | Fw(therefore)i(corresp)s(onds)0 5447 y(roughly)33 b(to)h |
| | 34183 | Fj(Q)554 5411 y Fl(2)554 5472 y(max)719 5447 y Fw(=)c(4)p |
| | 34184 | Fj(Q)951 5411 y Fl(2)951 5472 y(hard)1096 5447 y Fw(,)k(whic)m(h)h(is)e |
| | 34185 | (the)h(default)f(assumption.)47 b(In)34 b(principle,)f(the)h(constrain) |
| | 34186 | m(ts)0 5556 y(are)d(sligh)m(tly)f(di\013eren)m(t)i(for)f(initial-state) |
| | 34187 | c(sho)m(w)m(ers,)34 b(but)e(not)f(enough)h(to)f(w)m(arran)m(t)h(a)f |
| | 34188 | (separate)h Fj(Q)3644 5571 y Fl(max)0 5664 y Fw(c)m(hoice.)1817 |
| | 34189 | 5953 y(192)p eop |
| | 34190 | %%Page: 193 199 |
| | 34191 | 193 198 bop 146 -18 a Fw(The)39 b(situation)d(is)h(rather)h(b)s(etter)g |
| | 34192 | (for)g(the)g(\014nal-state)f(sho)m(w)m(ers)j(in)d(the)h(deca)m(y)h(of)e |
| | 34193 | (an)m(y)i(colour-)0 90 y(singlet)d(particles,)h(suc)m(h)i(as)e(the)g(Z) |
| | 34194 | 1318 54 y Fl(0)1394 90 y Fw(or)g(the)g(H)1763 54 y Fl(0)1803 |
| | 34195 | 90 y Fw(,)h(either)f(as)g(part)g(of)f(a)h(hard)g(2)e |
| | 34196 | Fn(!)g Fw(1)g Fn(!)f Fw(2)j(pro)s(cess,)0 198 y(or)43 |
| | 34197 | b(an)m(ywhere)j(else)d(in)g(the)h(\014nal)f(state.)77 |
| | 34198 | b(Then)44 b(w)m(e)h(kno)m(w)f(that)g Fj(Q)2597 213 y |
| | 34199 | Fl(max)2776 198 y Fw(has)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(put)f(equal)h(to)0 |
| | 34200 | 307 y(the)38 b(particle)f(mass.)60 b(It)38 b(is)g(also)f(p)s(ossible)g |
| | 34201 | (to)h(matc)m(h)g(the)g(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h(ev)m(olution)e(to)h(the)g |
| | 34202 | (\014rst-)0 415 y(order)32 b(matrix-elemen)m(t)e(results.)43 |
| | 34203 | b(In)32 b(the)h(program)d(this)i(is)f(done)h(under)h(the)f(assumption)f |
| | 34204 | (that)h(the)0 523 y(resonance)42 b(has)f(spin)g(one,)i(and)e(this)f |
| | 34205 | (approac)m(h)h(is)g(kno)m(wn)h(to)e(w)m(ork)i(v)m(ery)g(w)m(ell)e(for)g |
| | 34206 | Fj(\015)3329 487 y Fk(\003)3369 523 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)3478 |
| | 34207 | 487 y Fl(0)3517 523 y Fw(.)68 b(The)0 632 y(mac)m(hinery)30 |
| | 34208 | b(is)g(not)g(fully)f(correct)i(for)f(the)g(spin-zero)g(H)2074 |
| | 34209 | 595 y Fl(0)2114 632 y Fw(,)h(but)f(should)h(also)e(there)i(pro)m(vide)f |
| | 34210 | (a)g(rather)0 740 y(go)s(o)s(d)h(description.)146 848 |
| | 34211 | y(QCD)k(pro)s(cesses)i(suc)m(h)f(as)f(qg)e Fn(!)e Fw(qg)36 |
| | 34212 | b(p)s(ose)g(a)e(sp)s(ecial)g(problem)f(when)j(the)f(scattering)g(angle) |
| | 34213 | f(is)0 957 y(small.)65 b(Coherence)43 b(e\013ects)f(\(see)g(b)s(elo)m |
| | 34214 | (w\))e(ma)m(y)g(then)i(restrict)e(the)h(emission)f(further)h(than)f |
| | 34215 | (what)0 1065 y(is)c(just)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(the)f Fj(Q)943 |
| | 34216 | 1080 y Fl(max)1115 1065 y Fw(scale)g(in)m(tro)s(duced)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
| | 34217 | (e.)55 b(This)36 b(is)f(most)h(easily)f(view)m(ed)i(in)e(the)i(rest)0 |
| | 34218 | 1173 y(frame)k(of)h(the)h(2)h Fn(!)f Fw(2)f(hard)h(scattering)f(subpro) |
| | 34219 | s(cess.)74 b(Some)42 b(colours)g(\015o)m(w)h(from)e(the)h(initial)d(to) |
| | 34220 | 0 1282 y(the)44 b(\014nal)g(state.)78 b(The)45 b(radiation)d(asso)s |
| | 34221 | (ciated)i(with)g(suc)m(h)h(a)f(colour)f(\015o)m(w)i(should)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 34222 | (restricted)0 1390 y(to)38 b(a)f(cone)i(with)e(op)s(ening)h(angle)f |
| | 34223 | (giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)h(the)f(di\013erence)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)e |
| | 34224 | (original)d(and)j(the)g(\014nal)0 1498 y(colour)45 b(directions;)52 |
| | 34225 | b(there)46 b(is)g(one)g(suc)m(h)h(cone)f(around)g(the)h(incoming)c |
| | 34226 | (parton)j(for)f(initial)d(state)0 1607 y(radiation)32 |
| | 34227 | b(and)i(one)g(around)g(the)g(outgoing)e(parton)i(for)g(\014nal)f(state) |
| | 34228 | h(radiation.)45 b(Colours)34 b(that)f(are)0 1715 y(annihilated)i(or)j |
| | 34229 | (created)g(in)f(the)h(pro)s(cess)g(e\013ectiv)m(ely)g(corresp)s(ond)h |
| | 34230 | (to)e(an)g(op)s(ening)g(angle)g(of)g(180)3741 1679 y |
| | 34231 | Fk(\016)0 1823 y Fw(and)44 b(therefore)h(the)g(emission)d(is)i(not)g |
| | 34232 | (constrained)g(for)g(these.)79 b(F)-8 b(or)44 b(a)g(gluon,)i(whic)m(h)e |
| | 34233 | (ha)m(v)m(e)i(t)m(w)m(o)0 1932 y(colours)36 b(and)h(therefore)h(t)m(w)m |
| | 34234 | (o)f(di\013eren)m(t)g(cones,)i(a)e(random)f(c)m(hoice)h(is)f(made)g(b)s |
| | 34235 | (et)m(w)m(een)j(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)f(for)0 2040 y(the)j(\014rst)g(branc)m |
| | 34236 | (hing.)65 b(F)-8 b(urther,)41 b(coherence)g(e\013ects)g(also)e(imply)f |
| | 34237 | (azim)m(uthal)f(anisotropies)i(of)g(the)0 2148 y(emission)31 |
| | 34238 | b(inside)h(the)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(cones.)0 2422 y Fp(10.2)136 |
| | 34239 | b(Final-State)46 b(Sho)l(w)l(ers)0 2595 y Fw(Final-state)c(sho)m(w)m |
| | 34240 | (ers)47 b(are)d(time-lik)m(e,)h(i.e.)78 b(all)43 b(virtualities)e |
| | 34241 | Fj(m)2430 2559 y Fl(2)2518 2595 y Fw(=)47 b Fj(E)2719 |
| | 34242 | 2559 y Fl(2)2789 2595 y Fn(\000)31 b Fo(p)2959 2559 y |
| | 34243 | Fl(2)3046 2595 y Fn(\025)48 b Fw(0.)79 b(The)45 b(maxi-)0 |
| | 34244 | 2703 y(m)m(um)38 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(virtualit)m(y)g(scale)i |
| | 34245 | Fj(Q)1359 2667 y Fl(2)1359 2728 y(max)1533 2703 y Fw(is)f(set)h(b)m(y)h |
| | 34246 | (the)f(hard-scattering)f(pro)s(cess,)j(and)e(thereafter)0 |
| | 34247 | 2812 y(the)i(virtualit)m(y)d(is)i(decreased)i(in)e(eac)m(h)h(subsequen) |
| | 34248 | m(t)i(branc)m(hing,)g(do)m(wn)e(to)f(the)h(cut-o\013)e(scale)i |
| | 34249 | Fj(Q)3713 2775 y Fl(2)3713 2836 y(0)3752 2812 y Fw(.)0 |
| | 34250 | 2920 y(This)36 b(cut-o\013)g(scale)g(is)g(used)h(to)f(regulate)f(b)s |
| | 34251 | (oth)h(soft)g(and)g(collinear)e(div)m(ergences)k(in)d(the)i(emission)0 |
| | 34252 | 3028 y(probabilities.)146 3137 y(The)d(main)d(p)s(oin)m(ts)h(of)g(the)h |
| | 34253 | Fm(Jetset)f Fw(sho)m(w)m(ering)h(algorithm)c(are)k(as)g(follo)m(ws.)145 |
| | 34254 | 3250 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(It)d(is)g(a)h(leading-log)c(algorithm,)j(of)g |
| | 34255 | (the)h(impro)m(v)m(ed,)j(coheren)m(t)e(kind,)i(i.e.)85 |
| | 34256 | b(with)46 b(angular)244 3358 y(ordering.)145 3476 y Fn(\017)j |
| | 34257 | Fw(It)37 b(can)g(b)s(e)h(used)g(for)e(an)h(arbitrary)f(initial)e(pair)i |
| | 34258 | (of)g(partons)i(or,)g(in)e(fact,)i(for)e(an)m(y)i(one,)h(t)m(w)m(o)244 |
| | 34259 | 3584 y(or)31 b(three)i(giv)m(en)f(en)m(tities)f(\(including)f(hadrons)i |
| | 34260 | (and)g(gauge)g(b)s(osons\))g(although)f(only)g(quarks,)244 |
| | 34261 | 3693 y(gluons)h(and)h(leptons)f(can)h(initiate)d(a)i(sho)m(w)m(er.)145 |
| | 34262 | 3810 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)e(pair)d(of)h(sho)m(w)m(ering)i(partons)f |
| | 34263 | (ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(giv)m(en)g(in)f(an)m(y)i(frame,)h(but)e(the)g(ev)m |
| | 34264 | (olution)f(is)244 3919 y(carried)32 b(out)g(in)g(the)h(c.m.)43 |
| | 34265 | b(frame)32 b(of)g(the)h(sho)m(w)m(ering)h(partons.)145 |
| | 34266 | 4036 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Energy)29 b(and)f(momen)m(tum)f(are)h(conserv)m |
| | 34267 | (ed)j(exactly)d(at)g(eac)m(h)h(step)g(of)f(the)g(sho)m(w)m(ering)h(pro) |
| | 34268 | s(cess.)145 4154 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(If)e(the)g(initial)c(pair)j(is)g(q)p |
| | 34269 | 1212 4101 52 4 v(q)i(or)e Fj(`)1485 4118 y Fl(+)1544 |
| | 34270 | 4154 y Fj(`)1585 4118 y Fk(\000)1691 4154 y Fw(\(coming)f(from)h(a)g |
| | 34271 | (resonance)i(deca)m(y\))h(an)d(additional)244 4263 y(rejection)29 |
| | 34272 | b(tec)m(hnique)h(is)e(used)i(in)e(the)i(\014rst)f(branc)m(hing)g(of)f |
| | 34273 | (eac)m(h)i(of)f(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(original)25 b(partons,)244 |
| | 34274 | 4371 y(so)33 b(as)f(to)h(repro)s(duce)g(the)g(lo)m(w)m(est-order)g |
| | 34275 | (di\013eren)m(tial)e(3-jet)h(cross)h(section.)145 4489 |
| | 34276 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(In)33 b(subsequen)m(t)i(branc)m(hings,)f(angular)d |
| | 34277 | (ordering)h(\(coherence)i(e\013ects\))g(is)e(imp)s(osed.)145 |
| | 34278 | 4607 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Gluon)30 b(helicit)m(y)g(e\013ects,)j(i.e.)43 |
| | 34279 | b(correlations)29 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)34 b(the)e(pro)s(duction)e(plane)h |
| | 34280 | (and)g(the)h(deca)m(y)244 4715 y(plane)g(of)g(a)g(gluon,)g(can)h(b)s(e) |
| | 34281 | g(included.)145 4833 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)32 b(\014rst-order)f |
| | 34282 | Fj(\013)959 4848 y Fl(s)1022 4833 y Fw(expression)i(is)d(used,)j(with)d |
| | 34283 | (the)i Fj(Q)2300 4797 y Fl(2)2371 4833 y Fw(scale)f(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h |
| | 34284 | (\(an)f(appro)m(ximation)244 4941 y(to\))42 b(the)g(squared)i(transv)m |
| | 34285 | (erse)g(momen)m(tum)d(of)g(a)h(branc)m(hing.)72 b(The)43 |
| | 34286 | b(default)f(\003)3298 4956 y Fl(QCD)3461 4941 y Fw(,)j(whic)m(h)244 |
| | 34287 | 5049 y(should)32 b(not)h(b)s(e)g(regarded)g(as)f(a)h(prop)s(er)f(\003)p |
| | 34288 | 1841 5022 108 4 v 28 x Fl(MS)1949 5049 y Fw(,)h(is)f(0.4)g(GeV.)145 |
| | 34289 | 5167 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)33 b(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(er)h(is)e(b)m(y)i |
| | 34290 | (default)d(cut)i(o\013)g(at)f(a)g(mass)h(scale)f(of)g(1)h(GeV.)0 |
| | 34291 | 5280 y(Let)g(us)g(no)m(w)g(pro)s(ceed)h(with)e(a)g(more)g(detailed)f |
| | 34292 | (description.)1817 5953 y(193)p eop |
| | 34293 | %%Page: 194 200 |
| | 34294 | 194 199 bop 0 -18 a Fo(10.2.1)113 b(The)37 b(c)m(hoice)g(of)g(ev)m |
| | 34295 | (olution)f(v)-6 b(ariable)0 154 y Fw(In)29 b(the)g Fm(Jetset)e |
| | 34296 | Fw(sho)m(w)m(er)j(algorithm,)c(the)j(ev)m(olution)f(v)-5 |
| | 34297 | b(ariable)27 b Fj(Q)2447 118 y Fl(2)2515 154 y Fw(is)h(asso)s(ciated)g |
| | 34298 | (with)g(the)h(squared)0 263 y(mass)44 b(of)g(the)h(branc)m(hing)f |
| | 34299 | (parton,)j Fj(Q)1451 226 y Fl(2)1538 263 y Fw(=)h Fj(m)1747 |
| | 34300 | 226 y Fl(2)1747 287 y Fh(a)1833 263 y Fw(for)43 b(a)h(branc)m(hing)h |
| | 34301 | Fj(a)i Fn(!)h Fj(bc)p Fw(.)79 b(As)44 b(a)g(consequence,)0 |
| | 34302 | 371 y Fj(t)38 b Fw(=)g(ln)o(\()p Fj(Q)383 335 y Fl(2)423 |
| | 34303 | 371 y Fj(=)p Fw(\003)540 335 y Fl(2)579 371 y Fw(\))g(=)f(ln\()p |
| | 34304 | Fj(m)973 335 y Fl(2)973 396 y Fh(a)1015 371 y Fj(=)p |
| | 34305 | Fw(\003)1132 335 y Fl(2)1170 371 y Fw(\).)62 b(This)39 |
| | 34306 | b Fj(Q)1603 335 y Fl(2)1681 371 y Fw(c)m(hoice)g(is)f(not)g(unique,)j |
| | 34307 | (and)e(indeed)g(other)f(programs)0 479 y(ha)m(v)m(e)f(other)e |
| | 34308 | (de\014nitions:)49 b Fm(Her)-9 b(wig)35 b Fw(uses)i Fj(Q)1688 |
| | 34309 | 443 y Fl(2)1760 479 y Fn(\031)c Fj(m)1955 443 y Fl(2)1994 |
| | 34310 | 479 y Fj(=)p Fw(\(2)p Fj(z)t Fw(\(1)24 b Fn(\000)h Fj(z)t |
| | 34311 | Fw(\)\))36 b([Mar88)o(])g(and)f Fm(Ariadne)h Fj(Q)3632 |
| | 34312 | 443 y Fl(2)3704 479 y Fw(=)0 588 y Fj(p)49 551 y Fl(2)49 |
| | 34313 | 612 y Fk(?)136 588 y Fn(\031)28 b Fj(z)t Fw(\(1)22 b |
| | 34314 | Fn(\000)h Fj(z)t Fw(\))p Fj(m)671 551 y Fl(2)744 588 |
| | 34315 | y Fw([P)m(et88)q(].)146 696 y(With)38 b Fj(Q)g Fw(a)g(mass)g(scale,)i |
| | 34316 | (the)e(lo)m(w)m(er)g(cut-o\013)g Fj(Q)1941 711 y Fl(0)2019 |
| | 34317 | 696 y Fw(is)f(one)i(in)e(mass.)60 b(T)-8 b(o)38 b(b)s(e)h(more)e |
| | 34318 | (precise,)j(in)e(a)0 804 y(QCD)32 b(sho)m(w)m(er,)j(the)e |
| | 34319 | Fj(Q)846 819 y Fl(0)918 804 y Fw(parameter)f(is)g(used)i(to)e(deriv)m |
| | 34320 | (e)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(masses)1370 1054 y Fj(m)1455 1069 |
| | 34321 | y Fl(e\013)6 b Fh(;)p Fl(g)1676 1054 y Fw(=)1845 987 |
| | 34322 | y(1)p 1845 1031 49 4 v 1845 1123 a(2)1904 1054 y Fj(Q)1981 |
| | 34323 | 1069 y Fl(0)2053 1054 y Fj(;)1369 1324 y(m)1454 1339 |
| | 34324 | y Fl(e\013)g Fh(;)p Fl(q)1676 1324 y Fw(=)1835 1163 y |
| | 34325 | Fg(s)p 1918 1163 433 4 v 161 x Fj(m)2003 1295 y Fl(2)2003 |
| | 34326 | 1349 y(q)2067 1324 y Fw(+)2175 1257 y(1)p 2175 1301 49 |
| | 34327 | 4 v 2175 1392 a(4)2234 1324 y Fj(Q)2311 1290 y Fl(2)2311 |
| | 34328 | 1346 y(0)2383 1324 y Fj(;)1147 b Fw(\(132\))0 1577 y(where)29 |
| | 34329 | b(the)f Fj(m)525 1592 y Fl(q)595 1577 y Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(c)m |
| | 34330 | (hosen)i(as)d(t)m(ypical)g(curren)m(t-algebra)h(quark)g(masses.)43 |
| | 34331 | b(A)28 b(parton)f(cannot)0 1685 y(branc)m(h)35 b(unless)f(its)g(mass)g |
| | 34332 | (is)f(at)h(least)f(the)h(sum)g(of)g(the)g(ligh)m(test)f(pair)g(of)g |
| | 34333 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)g(deca)m(y)j(pro)s(ducts,)0 1793 y(i.e.)43 |
| | 34334 | b(the)33 b(minim)m(um)c(mass)k(scale)f(at)h(whic)m(h)g(a)f(branc)m |
| | 34335 | (hing)h(is)f(p)s(ossible)g(is)1200 1992 y Fj(m)1285 2007 |
| | 34336 | y Fl(min)n Fh(;)p Fl(g)1546 1992 y Fw(=)82 b(2)17 b Fj(m)1855 |
| | 34337 | 2007 y Fl(e\013)6 b Fh(;)p Fl(g)2021 1992 y Fw(=)27 b |
| | 34338 | Fj(Q)2201 2007 y Fl(0)2273 1992 y Fj(;)1199 2126 y(m)1284 |
| | 34339 | 2141 y Fl(min)o Fh(;)p Fl(q)1546 2126 y Fw(=)82 b Fj(m)1789 |
| | 34340 | 2141 y Fl(e\013)7 b Fh(;)p Fl(q)1951 2126 y Fw(+)22 b |
| | 34341 | Fj(m)2134 2141 y Fl(e\013)6 b Fh(;)p Fl(g)2299 2126 y |
| | 34342 | Fn(\025)29 b Fj(Q)2482 2141 y Fl(0)2554 2126 y Fj(:)976 |
| | 34343 | b Fw(\(133\))0 2325 y(The)35 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(masses)g(are)f(used)h |
| | 34344 | (to)f(constrain)f(the)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(range)h(of)g |
| | 34345 | Fj(Q)2711 2289 y Fl(2)2784 2325 y Fw(and)h Fj(z)j Fw(v)-5 |
| | 34346 | b(alues.)48 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)0 2433 y(once)34 b(it)e(has)h(b)s(een)h |
| | 34347 | (decided)g(that)f(a)g(parton)g(cannot)g(branc)m(h)h(an)m(y)g(further,)g |
| | 34348 | (that)f(parton)f(is)h(put)h(on)0 2542 y(the)f(mass)g(shell,)e(i.e.)43 |
| | 34349 | b(`\014nal-state')32 b(gluons)g(are)h(massless.)146 2650 |
| | 34350 | y(When)d(also)e(photon)g(emission)g(is)g(included,)h(a)g(separate)g |
| | 34351 | Fj(Q)2377 2665 y Fl(0)2446 2650 y Fw(scale)f(is)h(in)m(tro)s(duced)f |
| | 34352 | (for)h(the)g(QED)0 2758 y(part)j(of)f(the)h(sho)m(w)m(er,)i(exactly)f |
| | 34353 | (repro)s(ducing)e(the)h(QCD)g(one)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 34354 | b(o92c].)43 b(By)32 b(default)f(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)0 2867 |
| | 34355 | y Fj(Q)77 2882 y Fl(0)147 2867 y Fw(scales)f(are)f(c)m(hosen)h(equal,)f |
| | 34356 | (and)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(1)f(GeV.)h(If)g(an)m |
| | 34357 | (ything,)g(one)g(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(inclined)0 2975 y(to)i(allo)m(w)f |
| | 34358 | (a)h(cut-o\013)g(lo)m(w)m(er)g(for)g(photon)h(emission)e(than)h(for)g |
| | 34359 | (gluon)f(one.)46 b(In)34 b(that)f(case)h(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)0 |
| | 34360 | 3083 y Fj(z)40 b Fw(range)35 b(of)g(photon)g(emission)f(w)m(ould)h(b)s |
| | 34361 | (e)g(larger)f(than)i(that)f(of)f(gluon)g(emission,)h(and)g(at)g(the)h |
| | 34362 | (end)0 3192 y(of)c(the)h(sho)m(w)m(er)h(ev)m(olution)e(only)g(photon)h |
| | 34363 | (emission)e(w)m(ould)i(b)s(e)f(allo)m(w)m(ed.)146 3300 |
| | 34364 | y(Photon)40 b(and)f(gluon)f(emission)g(di\013er)g(fundamen)m(tally)g |
| | 34365 | (in)g(that)h(photons)g(app)s(ear)g(as)h(ph)m(ysical)0 |
| | 34366 | 3408 y(particles)h(in)f(the)i(\014nal)f(state,)j(while)d(gluons)g(are)g |
| | 34367 | (con\014ned.)72 b(F)-8 b(or)40 b(photon)i(emission)e(o\013)h(quarks,)0 |
| | 34368 | 3517 y(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)50 b(the)c(con\014nemen)m(t)g(forces)f(acting) |
| | 34369 | f(on)h(the)g(quark)h(ma)m(y)f(pro)m(vide)g(an)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)g |
| | 34370 | (photon)0 3625 y(emission)40 b(cut-o\013)h(at)f(larger)g(scales)i(than) |
| | 34371 | f(the)h(bare)f(quark)h(mass.)69 b(Soft)41 b(and)g(collinear)e(photons)0 |
| | 34372 | 3733 y(could)31 b(also)g(b)s(e)h(emitted)e(b)m(y)j(the)f(\014nal-state) |
| | 34373 | f(c)m(harged)h(hadrons;)h(the)f(matc)m(hing)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k |
| | 34374 | (emission)0 3842 y(o\013)c(quarks)i(and)f(o\013)g(hadrons)g(is)f(a)h |
| | 34375 | (delicate)f(issue,)h(and)g(w)m(e)h(therefore)f(do)g(not)g(attempt)f(to) |
| | 34376 | g(address)0 3950 y(the)j(soft-photon)f(region.)146 4058 |
| | 34377 | y(F)-8 b(or)35 b(photon)g(emission)g(o\013)g(leptons,)h(there)g(is)f |
| | 34378 | (no)g(need)i(to)e(in)m(tro)s(duce)h(an)m(y)g(collinear)d(emission)0 |
| | 34379 | 4167 y(cut-o\013)g(b)s(ey)m(ond)i(what)g(is)e(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)h(the)f |
| | 34380 | (lepton)f(mass,)h(but)g(w)m(e)h(k)m(eep)h(the)e(same)g(cut-o\013)f |
| | 34381 | (approac)m(h)0 4275 y(as)k(for)e(quarks:)53 b(\014rstly)-8 |
| | 34382 | b(,)37 b(the)g(program)e(is)h(not)g(aimed)f(at)h(high-precision)e |
| | 34383 | (studies)j(of)f(lepton)g(pairs)0 4383 y(\(where)c(in)m(terference)h |
| | 34384 | (terms)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(initial-)27 b(and)32 b(\014nal-state)e |
| | 34385 | (radiation)f(also)i(w)m(ould)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(b)s(e)0 |
| | 34386 | 4492 y(included\);)36 b(secondly)-8 b(,)37 b(most)e(exp)s(erimen)m(tal) |
| | 34387 | g(pro)s(cedures)h(w)m(ould)g(include)f(the)g(energy)i(of)e(collinear)0 |
| | 34388 | 4600 y(photons)e(in)m(to)f(the)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(energy)f(of)f(a)h |
| | 34389 | (\014nal-state)e(lepton.)0 4847 y Fo(10.2.2)113 b(The)37 |
| | 34390 | b(c)m(hoice)g(of)g(energy)h(splitting)d(v)-6 b(ariable)0 |
| | 34391 | 5019 y Fw(The)49 b(\014nal-state)e(radiation)f(mac)m(hinery)i(is)f(alw) |
| | 34392 | m(a)m(ys)i(applied)e(in)g(the)h(c.m.)89 b(frame)48 b(of)f(the)h(hard)0 |
| | 34393 | 5128 y(scattering,)39 b(from)d(whic)m(h)i(normally)d(emerges)j(a)f |
| | 34394 | (pair)g(of)g(ev)m(olving)f(partons.)59 b(Occasionally)36 |
| | 34395 | b(there)0 5236 y(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(one)g(ev)m(olving)f(parton)g |
| | 34396 | (recoiling)f(against)g(a)i(non-ev)m(olving)e(one,)j(as)f(in)f(q)p |
| | 34397 | 3139 5183 52 4 v(q)f Fn(!)f Fw(g)q Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)38 |
| | 34398 | b(where)0 5344 y(only)d(the)h(gluon)e(ev)m(olv)m(es)j(in)e(the)h |
| | 34399 | (\014nal)e(state,)j(but)f(where)g(the)g(energy)h(of)e(the)h(photon)f |
| | 34400 | (is)g(mo)s(difed)0 5453 y(b)m(y)d(the)f(branc)m(hing)h(activit)m(y)e |
| | 34401 | (of)h(the)g(gluon.)42 b(\(With)30 b(only)h(one)g(ev)m(olving)g(parton)g |
| | 34402 | (and)g(nothing)f(else,)0 5561 y(it)i(w)m(ould)i(not)f(b)s(e)h(p)s |
| | 34403 | (ossible)f(to)g(conserv)m(e)i(energy)g(and)e(momen)m(tum)f(when)j(the)f |
| | 34404 | (parton)f(is)g(assigned)0 5669 y(a)43 b(mass.\))74 b(Th)m(us,)47 |
| | 34405 | b(b)s(efore)c(the)g(ev)m(olution)f(is)g(p)s(erformed,)k(the)d(parton)f |
| | 34406 | (pair)g(is)h(b)s(o)s(osted)f(to)h(their)1817 5953 y(194)p |
| | 34407 | eop |
| | 34408 | %%Page: 195 201 |
| | 34409 | 195 200 bop 0 -18 a Fw(common)39 b(c.m.)67 b(frame,)42 |
| | 34410 | b(and)e(rotated)h(to)f(sit)g(along)f(the)i Fj(z)k Fw(axis.)67 |
| | 34411 | b(After)41 b(the)g(ev)m(olution,)g(the)g(full)0 90 y(parton)32 |
| | 34412 | b(sho)m(w)m(er)j(is)d(rotated)g(and)h(b)s(o)s(osted)f(bac)m(k)i(to)e |
| | 34413 | (the)h(original)d(frame)h(of)h(the)h(parton)g(pair.)146 |
| | 34414 | 198 y(The)42 b(in)m(terpretation)f(of)f(the)i(energy)g(and)f(momen)m |
| | 34415 | (tum)f(splitting)f(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b Fj(z)46 b Fw(is)41 |
| | 34416 | b(not)g(unique,)0 307 y(and)27 b(in)f(fact)g(the)h(program)f(allo)m(ws) |
| | 34417 | f(the)i(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e(to)h(switc)m(h)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(four)d |
| | 34418 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(alternativ)m(es)0 415 y([Ben87a],)35 |
| | 34419 | b(`lo)s(cal')d(and)j(`global')d Fj(z)39 b Fw(de\014nition)33 |
| | 34420 | b(com)m(bined)h(with)g(`constrained')h(or)f(`unconstrained')0 |
| | 34421 | 523 y(ev)m(olution.)73 b(In)43 b(all)d(four)j(of)f(them,)j(the)e |
| | 34422 | Fj(z)k Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(is)h(in)m(terpreted)i(as)f(an)f(energy)i |
| | 34423 | (fraction,)g(i.e.)0 632 y Fj(E)72 647 y Fh(b)140 632 |
| | 34424 | y Fw(=)34 b Fj(z)t(E)371 647 y Fh(a)449 632 y Fw(and)i |
| | 34425 | Fj(E)714 647 y Fh(c)783 632 y Fw(=)e(\(1)24 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 34426 | Fj(z)t Fw(\))p Fj(E)1265 647 y Fh(a)1307 632 y Fw(.)54 |
| | 34427 | b(In)37 b(the)f(`lo)s(cal')e(c)m(hoice)j(of)e Fj(z)41 |
| | 34428 | b Fw(de\014nition,)36 b(energy)h(fractions)e(are)0 740 |
| | 34429 | y(de\014ned)g(in)d(the)h(rest)h(frame)e(of)h(the)g(grandmother,)g(i.e.) |
| | 34430 | 45 b(the)33 b(mother)g(of)f(parton)h Fj(a)p Fw(.)45 b(The)34 |
| | 34431 | b(preferred)0 848 y(c)m(hoice)41 b(is)g(the)h(`global')d(one,)k(in)d |
| | 34432 | (whic)m(h)i(energies)g(are)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)41 |
| | 34433 | b(in)f(the)i(c.m.)69 b(frame)40 b(of)0 957 y(the)k(hard)g(scattering.) |
| | 34434 | 76 b(The)45 b(t)m(w)m(o)f(de\014nitions)f(agree)h(for)f(the)h(branc)m |
| | 34435 | (hings)g(of)f(the)h(partons)g(that)0 1065 y(emerge)33 |
| | 34436 | b(directly)g(from)e(the)j(hard)f(scattering,)g(since)h(the)f(hard)g |
| | 34437 | (scattering)g(itself)f(is)h(considered)h(to)0 1173 y(b)s(e)41 |
| | 34438 | b(the)h(`mother')f(of)g(the)h(\014rst)f(generation)g(of)g(partons.)69 |
| | 34439 | b(F)-8 b(or)41 b(instance,)j(in)c(Z)3029 1137 y Fl(0)3111 |
| | 34440 | 1173 y Fn(!)i Fw(q)p 3304 1120 52 4 v(q)g(the)g(Z)3634 |
| | 34441 | 1137 y Fl(0)3714 1173 y Fw(is)0 1282 y(considered)37 |
| | 34442 | b(the)f(mother)f(of)g(the)h(q)g(and)p 1556 1229 V 36 |
| | 34443 | w(q,)h(ev)m(en)g(though)f(the)g(branc)m(hing)f(is)g(not)h(handled)f(b)m |
| | 34444 | (y)i(the)0 1390 y(parton-sho)m(w)m(ering)i(mac)m(hinery)-8 |
| | 34445 | b(.)64 b(The)40 b(`lo)s(cal')d(and)i(`global')e(de\014nitions)i(div)m |
| | 34446 | (erge)h(for)e(subsequen)m(t)0 1498 y(branc)m(hings,)33 |
| | 34447 | b(where)h(the)f(`global')d(tends)k(to)e(allo)m(w)f(more)h(sho)m(w)m(er) |
| | 34448 | i(ev)m(olution.)146 1607 y(In)f(a)f(branc)m(hing)g Fj(a)c |
| | 34449 | Fn(!)f Fj(bc)33 b Fw(the)f(kinematically)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(range)h(of)g |
| | 34450 | Fj(z)h Fw(=)27 b Fj(z)2840 1622 y Fh(a)2914 1607 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 34451 | b(alues,)33 b Fj(z)3277 1622 y Fk(\000)3364 1607 y Fj(<)27 |
| | 34452 | b(z)33 b(<)27 b(z)3693 1622 y Fl(+)3752 1607 y Fw(,)0 |
| | 34453 | 1715 y(is)32 b(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)549 2032 y Fj(z)594 2047 |
| | 34454 | y Fk(\006)681 2032 y Fw(=)795 1964 y(1)p 795 2008 49 |
| | 34455 | 4 v 795 2100 a(2)870 1857 y Fg(8)870 1932 y(<)870 2081 |
| | 34456 | y(:)944 2032 y Fw(1)22 b(+)1123 1964 y Fj(m)1208 1928 |
| | 34457 | y Fl(2)1208 1989 y Fh(b)1270 1964 y Fn(\000)g Fj(m)1454 |
| | 34458 | 1928 y Fl(2)1454 1989 y Fh(c)p 1123 2008 372 4 v 1245 |
| | 34459 | 2100 a Fj(m)1330 2071 y Fl(2)1330 2125 y Fh(a)1526 2032 |
| | 34460 | y Fn(\006)1636 1964 y(j)p Fo(p)1726 1979 y Fh(a)1768 |
| | 34461 | 1964 y Fn(j)p 1636 2008 160 4 v 1659 2100 a Fj(E)1731 |
| | 34462 | 2115 y Fh(a)1832 1849 y Fg(q)p 1915 1849 1156 4 v 101 |
| | 34463 | x Fw(\()p Fj(m)2038 1921 y Fl(2)2038 1975 y Fh(a)2102 |
| | 34464 | 1950 y Fn(\000)g Fj(m)2286 1916 y Fl(2)2286 1975 y Fh(b)2348 |
| | 34465 | 1950 y Fn(\000)h Fj(m)2533 1921 y Fl(2)2533 1975 y Fh(c)2573 |
| | 34466 | 1950 y Fw(\))2611 1921 y Fl(2)2672 1950 y Fn(\000)g Fw(4)p |
| | 34467 | Fj(m)2906 1916 y Fl(2)2906 1975 y Fh(b)2945 1950 y Fj(m)3030 |
| | 34468 | 1921 y Fl(2)3030 1975 y Fh(c)p 1832 2008 1239 4 v 2387 |
| | 34469 | 2100 a Fj(m)2472 2071 y Fl(2)2472 2125 y Fh(a)3080 1857 |
| | 34470 | y Fg(9)3080 1932 y(=)3080 2081 y(;)3203 2032 y Fj(:)327 |
| | 34471 | b Fw(\(134\))0 2333 y(With)40 b(`constrained')h(ev)m(olution,)g(these)h |
| | 34472 | (b)s(ounds)f(are)f(resp)s(ected)i(in)e(the)h(ev)m(olution.)66 |
| | 34473 | b(The)41 b(cut-o\013)0 2442 y(masses)f Fj(m)413 2457 |
| | 34474 | y Fl(e\013)6 b Fh(;b)583 2442 y Fw(and)39 b Fj(m)864 |
| | 34475 | 2457 y Fl(e\013)6 b Fh(;c)1035 2442 y Fw(are)39 b(used)h(to)e(de\014ne) |
| | 34476 | i(the)f(maxim)m(um)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)h Fj(z)43 b Fw(range,)d(within)e |
| | 34477 | (whic)m(h)0 2550 y Fj(z)45 2565 y Fh(a)126 2550 y Fw(is)h(c)m(hosen,)k |
| | 34478 | (together)d(with)f(the)h Fj(m)1460 2565 y Fh(a)1541 2550 |
| | 34479 | y Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)64 b(In)40 b(the)g(subsequen)m(t)j(ev)m(olution)38 |
| | 34480 | b(of)h Fj(b)h Fw(and)g Fj(c)p Fw(,)h(only)0 2658 y(pairs)32 |
| | 34481 | b(of)f Fj(m)434 2673 y Fh(b)501 2658 y Fw(and)h Fj(m)775 |
| | 34482 | 2673 y Fh(c)842 2658 y Fw(are)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(for)f(whic)m(h)i(the)f |
| | 34483 | (already)g(selected)h Fj(z)2697 2673 y Fh(a)2771 2658 |
| | 34484 | y Fw(ful\014ls)e(the)i(constrain)m(ts)f(in)0 2767 y(eq.)h(\(134\).)146 |
| | 34485 | 2875 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(`unconstrained')h(ev)m(olution,)f(whic)m(h)h(is)f |
| | 34486 | (the)g(preferred)i(alternativ)m(e,)e(one)g(ma)m(y)g(start)h(o\013)f(b)m |
| | 34487 | (y)0 2983 y(assuming)h(the)h(daugh)m(ters)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(massless,)h |
| | 34488 | (so)g(that)g(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)e Fj(z)38 b Fw(range)32 |
| | 34489 | b(is)1131 3260 y Fj(z)1176 3275 y Fk(\006)1263 3260 y |
| | 34490 | Fw(=)1377 3193 y(1)p 1377 3237 49 4 v 1377 3328 a(2)1452 |
| | 34491 | 3114 y Fg(\()1519 3260 y Fw(1)22 b Fn(\006)1699 3193 |
| | 34492 | y(j)p Fo(p)1789 3208 y Fh(a)1831 3193 y Fn(j)p 1699 3237 |
| | 34493 | 160 4 v 1722 3328 a Fj(E)1794 3343 y Fh(a)1868 3260 y |
| | 34494 | Fj(\022)s Fw(\()p Fj(m)2039 3275 y Fh(a)2104 3260 y Fn(\000)g |
| | 34495 | Fj(m)2288 3275 y Fl(min)o Fh(;a)2467 3260 y Fw(\))2505 |
| | 34496 | 3114 y Fg(\))2621 3260 y Fj(;)909 b Fw(\(135\))0 3542 |
| | 34497 | y(where)38 b Fj(\022)s Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))f(is)f(the)h(step)g |
| | 34498 | (function,)h Fj(\022)s Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))d(=)f(1)i(for)g |
| | 34499 | Fj(x)f(>)f Fw(0)j(and)f Fj(\022)s Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))f(=)g(0)h(for)g |
| | 34500 | Fj(x)f(<)f Fw(0.)56 b(The)37 b(deca)m(y)0 3676 y(kinematics)f(in)m(to)f |
| | 34501 | (t)m(w)m(o)i(massless)g(four-v)m(ectors)h Fj(p)1858 3625 |
| | 34502 | y Fl(\(0\))1858 3701 y Fh(b)1988 3676 y Fw(and)f Fj(p)2231 |
| | 34503 | 3640 y Fl(\(0\))2231 3701 y Fh(c)2362 3676 y Fw(is)f(no)m(w)h(straigh)m |
| | 34504 | (tforw)m(ard.)55 b(Once)37 b Fj(m)3745 3691 y Fh(b)0 |
| | 34505 | 3785 y Fw(and)g Fj(m)279 3800 y Fh(c)351 3785 y Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s |
| | 34506 | (een)f(found)g(from)f(the)h(subsequen)m(t)j(ev)m(olution,)d(sub)5 |
| | 34507 | b(ject)38 b(only)e(to)h(the)g(constrain)m(ts)0 3893 y |
| | 34508 | Fj(m)85 3908 y Fh(b)148 3893 y Fj(<)28 b(z)297 3908 y |
| | 34509 | Fh(a)339 3893 y Fj(E)411 3908 y Fh(a)452 3893 y Fw(,)33 |
| | 34510 | b Fj(m)597 3908 y Fh(c)660 3893 y Fj(<)28 b Fw(\(1)22 |
| | 34511 | b Fn(\000)h Fj(z)1018 3908 y Fh(a)1060 3893 y Fw(\))p |
| | 34512 | Fj(E)1170 3908 y Fh(a)1244 3893 y Fw(and)33 b Fj(m)1519 |
| | 34513 | 3908 y Fh(b)1576 3893 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(m)1759 3908 y Fh(c)1822 |
| | 34514 | 3893 y Fj(<)28 b(m)2011 3908 y Fh(a)2053 3893 y Fw(,)33 |
| | 34515 | b(the)g(actual)f(massiv)m(e)h(four-v)m(ectors)h(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)0 |
| | 34516 | 4001 y(de\014ned)i(as)1274 4110 y Fj(p)1323 4125 y Fh(b;c)1436 |
| | 34517 | 4110 y Fw(=)27 b Fj(p)1588 4059 y Fl(\(0\))1588 4135 |
| | 34518 | y Fh(b;c)1705 4110 y Fn(\006)22 b Fw(\()p Fj(r)1886 4125 |
| | 34519 | y Fh(c)1921 4110 y Fj(p)1970 4068 y Fl(\(0\))1970 4134 |
| | 34520 | y Fh(c)2086 4110 y Fn(\000)h Fj(r)2230 4125 y Fh(b)2264 |
| | 34521 | 4110 y Fj(p)2313 4059 y Fl(\(0\))2313 4135 y Fh(b)2407 |
| | 34522 | 4110 y Fw(\))33 b Fj(;)1052 b Fw(\(136\))0 4272 y(where)692 |
| | 34523 | 4470 y Fj(r)736 4485 y Fh(b;c)848 4470 y Fw(=)962 4388 |
| | 34524 | y Fj(m)1047 4352 y Fl(2)1047 4413 y Fh(a)1111 4388 y |
| | 34525 | Fn(\006)22 b Fw(\()p Fj(m)1333 4352 y Fl(2)1333 4413 |
| | 34526 | y Fh(c)1395 4388 y Fn(\000)h Fj(m)1580 4352 y Fl(2)1580 |
| | 34527 | 4413 y Fh(b)1620 4388 y Fw(\))f Fn(\000)1779 4287 y Fg(q)p |
| | 34528 | 1862 4287 1156 4 v 101 x Fw(\()p Fj(m)1985 4359 y Fl(2)1985 |
| | 34529 | 4413 y Fh(a)2049 4388 y Fn(\000)h Fj(m)2234 4354 y Fl(2)2234 |
| | 34530 | 4413 y Fh(b)2296 4388 y Fn(\000)g Fj(m)2481 4359 y Fl(2)2481 |
| | 34531 | 4413 y Fh(c)2520 4388 y Fw(\))2558 4359 y Fl(2)2620 4388 |
| | 34532 | y Fn(\000)g Fw(4)p Fj(m)2854 4354 y Fl(2)2854 4413 y |
| | 34533 | Fh(b)2893 4388 y Fj(m)2978 4359 y Fl(2)2978 4413 y Fh(c)p |
| | 34534 | 962 4446 2057 4 v 1902 4538 a Fw(2)p Fj(m)2036 4509 y |
| | 34535 | Fl(2)2036 4563 y Fh(a)3060 4470 y Fj(:)470 b Fw(\(137\))0 |
| | 34536 | 4694 y(In)34 b(other)h(w)m(ords,)g(the)g(meaning)d(of)i |
| | 34537 | Fj(z)1407 4709 y Fh(a)1483 4694 y Fw(is)f(somewhat)i(rein)m(terpreted)g |
| | 34538 | Fi(p)-5 b(ost)36 b(facto)p Fw(.)47 b(Needless)36 b(to)e(sa)m(y)-8 |
| | 34539 | b(,)0 4802 y(the)40 b(`unconstrained')h(option)e(allo)m(ws)g(more)g |
| | 34540 | (branc)m(hings)i(to)e(tak)m(e)i(place)f(than)g(the)g(`constrained')0 |
| | 34541 | 4911 y(one.)j(In)32 b(the)g(follo)m(wing)d(discussion)j(w)m(e)g(will)d |
| | 34542 | (only)i(refer)h(to)f(the)h(`global,)e(unconstrained')i |
| | 34543 | Fj(z)k Fw(c)m(hoice.)0 5158 y Fo(10.2.3)113 b(First)36 |
| | 34544 | b(branc)m(hings)i(and)g(matrix-elemen)m(t)d(matc)m(hing)0 |
| | 34545 | 5331 y Fw(The)43 b(\014nal-state)f(ev)m(olution)g(is)g(normally)e |
| | 34546 | (started)j(from)e(some)i(initial)c(parton)j(pair)f(1)29 |
| | 34547 | b(+)g(2,)45 b(at)d(a)0 5439 y Fj(Q)77 5403 y Fl(2)77 |
| | 34548 | 5464 y(max)246 5439 y Fw(scale)32 b(determined)h(b)m(y)h(delib)s |
| | 34549 | (erations)d(already)h(discussed.)46 b(When)34 b(the)f(ev)m(olution)f |
| | 34550 | (of)h(parton)0 5548 y(1)h(is)f(considered,)j(it)d(is)g(assumed)i(that)f |
| | 34551 | (parton)g(2)g(is)f(massless,)i(so)f(that)g(the)h(parton)e(1)h(energy)h |
| | 34552 | (and)0 5656 y(momen)m(tum)i(are)h(simple)f(functions)h(of)g(its)g(mass) |
| | 34553 | g(\(and)h(of)f(the)g(c.m.)61 b(energy)39 b(of)f(the)h(pair,)g(whic)m(h) |
| | 34554 | 1817 5953 y(195)p eop |
| | 34555 | %%Page: 196 202 |
| | 34556 | 196 201 bop 0 -18 a Fw(is)42 b(\014xed\),)k(and)c(hence)i(also)d(the)i |
| | 34557 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)e Fj(z)1685 -3 y Fl(1)1767 -18 y Fw(range)h(for)g |
| | 34558 | (splittings)e(is)i(a)g(function)g(of)g(this)f(mass,)0 |
| | 34559 | 90 y(eq.)g(\(135\).)63 b(Corresp)s(ondingly)-8 b(,)41 |
| | 34560 | b(parton)f(2)f(is)g(ev)m(olv)m(ed)i(under)g(the)f(assumption)f(that)g |
| | 34561 | (parton)h(1)f(is)0 198 y(massless.)62 b(After)39 b(b)s(oth)g(partons)g |
| | 34562 | (ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)g(assigned)f(masses,)i(their)d(correct)h |
| | 34563 | (energies)h(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)0 307 y(found,)i(whic)m(h)e(are)g(smaller)e |
| | 34564 | (than)i(originally)d(assumed.)60 b(Therefore)39 b(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)e |
| | 34565 | Fj(z)43 b Fw(ranges)38 b(ha)m(v)m(e)0 415 y(shrunk,)46 |
| | 34566 | b(and)c(it)e(ma)m(y)i(happ)s(en)h(that)e(a)h(branc)m(hing)g(has)g(b)s |
| | 34567 | (een)g(assigned)h(a)e Fj(z)47 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)41 b(outside)h(this)0 |
| | 34568 | 523 y(range.)62 b(If)39 b(so,)h(the)f(parton)g(is)f(ev)m(olv)m(ed)i(do) |
| | 34569 | m(wn)m(w)m(ards)h(in)d(mass)h(from)e(the)j(rejected)g(mass)e(v)-5 |
| | 34570 | b(alue;)42 b(if)0 632 y(b)s(oth)36 b Fj(z)42 b Fw(v)-5 |
| | 34571 | b(alues)36 b(are)h(rejected,)i(the)e(parton)g(with)f(largest)g(mass)h |
| | 34572 | (is)f(ev)m(olv)m(ed)i(further.)56 b(It)37 b(ma)m(y)f(also)0 |
| | 34573 | 740 y(happ)s(en)d(that)f(the)h(sum)f(of)g Fj(m)1125 755 |
| | 34574 | y Fl(1)1198 740 y Fw(and)g Fj(m)1472 755 y Fl(2)1544 |
| | 34575 | 740 y Fw(is)g(larger)f(than)i(the)g(c.m.)43 b(energy)-8 |
| | 34576 | b(,)33 b(in)f(whic)m(h)h(case)g(the)g(one)0 848 y(with)28 |
| | 34577 | b(the)g(larger)f(mass)h(is)g(ev)m(olv)m(ed)h(do)m(wn)m(w)m(ards.)44 |
| | 34578 | b(The)29 b(c)m(hec)m(king)h(and)e(ev)m(olution)f(steps)j(are)e |
| | 34579 | (iterated)0 957 y(un)m(til)j(an)i(acceptable)g(set)g(of)f |
| | 34580 | Fj(m)1191 972 y Fl(1)1231 957 y Fw(,)g Fj(m)1375 972 |
| | 34581 | y Fl(2)1415 957 y Fw(,)h Fj(z)1520 972 y Fl(1)1592 957 |
| | 34582 | y Fw(and)g Fj(z)1827 972 y Fl(2)1899 957 y Fw(has)g(b)s(een)g(found.) |
| | 34583 | 146 1065 y(The)k(pro)s(cedure)f(is)f(an)g(extension)h(of)f(the)g(v)m |
| | 34584 | (eto)h(algorithm,)d(where)k(an)e(initial)c(o)m(v)m(erestimation)0 |
| | 34585 | 1173 y(of)g(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f Fj(z)36 b Fw(range)31 |
| | 34586 | b(is)g(comp)s(ensated)g(b)m(y)h(rejection)f(of)g(some)f(branc)m(hings.) |
| | 34587 | 44 b(One)31 b(should)g(note,)0 1282 y(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)f(that)c(the)h |
| | 34588 | (v)m(eto)g(algorithm)c(is)j(not)g(strictly)g(applicable)f(for)g(the)i |
| | 34589 | (coupled)g(ev)m(olution)e(in)h(t)m(w)m(o)0 1390 y(v)-5 |
| | 34590 | b(ariables)27 b(\()p Fj(m)523 1405 y Fl(1)591 1390 y |
| | 34591 | Fw(and)i Fj(m)862 1405 y Fl(2)901 1390 y Fw(\),)g(and)g(that)f |
| | 34592 | (therefore)h(some)f(arbitrariness)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed.)42 |
| | 34593 | b(This)29 b(is)f(manifest)0 1498 y(in)h(the)h(c)m(hoice)h(of)e(whic)m |
| | 34594 | (h)h(parton)g(will)e(b)s(e)i(ev)m(olv)m(ed)h(further)f(if)f(b)s(oth)g |
| | 34595 | Fj(z)35 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(are)g(unacceptable,)h(or)0 |
| | 34596 | 1607 y(if)g(the)i(mass)g(sum)f(is)h(to)s(o)e(large.)146 |
| | 34597 | 1715 y(F)-8 b(or)28 b(quark)i(and)f(lepton)f(pairs)g(whic)m(h)i(come)e |
| | 34598 | (from)g(the)h(deca)m(y)h(of)f(a)f(colour-singlet)f(particle,)h(the)0 |
| | 34599 | 1823 y(\014rst)38 b(branc)m(hings)f(are)h(matc)m(hed)f(to)g(the)h |
| | 34600 | (explicit)e(\014rst-order)h(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts)i(for)e(gauge)h(b)s |
| | 34601 | (oson)0 1932 y(deca)m(ys.)44 b(This)27 b(is)g(also)f(done,)j(e.g.)42 |
| | 34602 | b(in)27 b(H)1472 1896 y Fl(0)1539 1932 y Fw(deca)m(ys,)j(whic)m(h)e |
| | 34603 | (has)g(spin)f(0)g(rather)g(than)h(1,)g(and)f(for)g(whic)m(h)0 |
| | 34604 | 2040 y(in)32 b(principle)f(therefore)i(the)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)i |
| | 34605 | (are)g(sligh)m(tly)d(di\013eren)m(t.)146 2148 y(The)40 |
| | 34606 | b(matc)m(hing)e(is)g(based)i(on)e(a)h(mapping)e(of)h(the)i(parton-sho)m |
| | 34607 | (w)m(er)f(v)-5 b(ariables)38 b(on)h(to)f(the)h(3-jet)0 |
| | 34608 | 2257 y(phase)33 b(space.)45 b(T)-8 b(o)32 b(pro)s(duce)h(a)g(3-jet)e |
| | 34609 | (ev)m(en)m(t,)k Fj(\015)1731 2221 y Fk(\003)1770 2257 |
| | 34610 | y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)1879 2221 y Fl(0)1946 2257 y Fn(!)27 b |
| | 34611 | Fw(q\()p Fj(p)2211 2272 y Fl(1)2251 2257 y Fw(\))p 2289 |
| | 34612 | 2204 52 4 v(q\()p Fj(p)2427 2272 y Fl(2)2466 2257 y Fw(\)g\()p |
| | 34613 | Fj(p)2640 2272 y Fl(3)2679 2257 y Fw(\),)33 b(in)f(the)g(sho)m(w)m(er)i |
| | 34614 | (language,)0 2365 y(one)j(will)e(pass)j(through)e(an)h(in)m(termediate) |
| | 34615 | f(state,)i(where)h(either)d(the)i(q)f(or)g(the)p 3067 |
| | 34616 | 2312 V 37 w(q)g(is)g(o\013)f(the)i(mass)0 2473 y(shell.)43 |
| | 34617 | b(If)32 b(the)h(former)f(is)g(the)h(case)g(then)1056 |
| | 34618 | 2679 y Fj(m)1141 2638 y Fl(2)1264 2679 y Fw(=)83 b(\()p |
| | 34619 | Fj(p)1510 2694 y Fl(1)1571 2679 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)1718 |
| | 34620 | 2694 y Fl(3)1758 2679 y Fw(\))1796 2638 y Fl(2)1863 2679 |
| | 34621 | y Fw(=)27 b Fj(E)2044 2638 y Fl(2)2038 2704 y(cm)2133 |
| | 34622 | 2679 y Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(x)2396 2694 y Fl(2)2436 |
| | 34623 | 2679 y Fw(\))33 b Fj(;)1131 2873 y(z)88 b Fw(=)1549 2805 |
| | 34624 | y Fj(E)1621 2820 y Fl(1)p 1433 2849 344 4 v 1433 2941 |
| | 34625 | a Fj(E)1505 2956 y Fl(1)1567 2941 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(E)1737 |
| | 34626 | 2956 y Fl(3)1814 2873 y Fw(=)2035 2805 y Fj(x)2090 2820 |
| | 34627 | y Fl(1)p 1927 2849 310 4 v 1927 2941 a Fj(x)1982 2956 |
| | 34628 | y Fl(1)2044 2941 y Fw(+)g Fj(x)2197 2956 y Fl(3)2275 |
| | 34629 | 2873 y Fw(=)2474 2805 y Fj(x)2529 2820 y Fl(1)p 2388 |
| | 34630 | 2849 266 4 v 2388 2941 a Fw(2)g Fn(\000)h Fj(x)2614 2956 |
| | 34631 | y Fl(2)2696 2873 y Fj(;)834 b Fw(\(138\))0 3136 y(where)39 |
| | 34632 | b Fj(x)342 3151 y Fh(i)408 3136 y Fw(=)e(2)p Fj(E)642 |
| | 34633 | 3151 y Fh(i)670 3136 y Fj(=E)791 3151 y Fl(cm)885 3136 |
| | 34634 | y Fw(.)60 b(The)p 1178 3083 52 4 v 39 w(q)38 b(emission)f(case)i(is)e |
| | 34635 | (obtained)h(with)g(1)e Fn($)h Fw(2.)59 b(The)39 b(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)0 |
| | 34636 | 3245 y(splitting)32 b(expression)j(in)e(terms)h(of)f |
| | 34637 | Fj(m)1443 3208 y Fl(2)1517 3245 y Fw(and)h Fj(z)t Fw(,)h(eq.)f |
| | 34638 | (\(127\),)g(can)g(therefore)g(b)s(e)g(translated)g(in)m(to)f(the)0 |
| | 34639 | 3353 y(follo)m(wing)d(di\013eren)m(tial)h(3-jet)h(rate:)354 |
| | 34640 | 3547 y(1)p 348 3591 60 4 v 348 3683 a Fj(\033)501 3547 |
| | 34641 | y Fw(d)p Fj(\033)610 3562 y Fl(PS)p 444 3591 315 4 v |
| | 34642 | 444 3683 a Fw(d)p Fj(x)553 3698 y Fl(1)610 3683 y Fw(d)p |
| | 34643 | Fj(x)719 3698 y Fl(2)853 3614 y Fw(=)1029 3547 y Fj(\013)1091 |
| | 34644 | 3562 y Fl(s)p 1022 3591 108 4 v 1022 3683 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1156 |
| | 34645 | 3614 y(C)1226 3629 y Fh(F)1628 3547 y Fw(1)p 1311 3591 |
| | 34646 | 683 4 v 1311 3683 a(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(x)1575 3698 |
| | 34647 | y Fl(1)1615 3683 y Fw(\)\(1)f Fn(\000)g Fj(x)1916 3698 |
| | 34648 | y Fl(2)1956 3683 y Fw(\))2026 3614 y Fn(\002)852 3890 |
| | 34649 | y(\002)1012 3744 y Fg(\()1089 3823 y Fw(1)g Fn(\000)h |
| | 34650 | Fj(x)1315 3838 y Fl(1)p 1089 3867 266 4 v 1174 3959 a |
| | 34651 | Fj(x)1229 3974 y Fl(3)1381 3744 y Fg( )1447 3890 y Fw(1)f(+)1616 |
| | 34652 | 3769 y Fg(\022)1772 3823 y Fj(x)1827 3838 y Fl(1)p 1687 |
| | 34653 | 3867 V 1687 3959 a Fw(2)g Fn(\000)g Fj(x)1912 3974 y |
| | 34654 | Fl(2)1962 3769 y Fg(\023)2023 3792 y Fl(2)2063 3744 y |
| | 34655 | Fg(!)2151 3890 y Fw(+)2259 3823 y(1)f Fn(\000)i Fj(x)2484 |
| | 34656 | 3838 y Fl(2)p 2259 3867 V 2344 3959 a Fj(x)2399 3974 |
| | 34657 | y Fl(3)2551 3744 y Fg( )2616 3890 y Fw(1)f(+)2785 3769 |
| | 34658 | y Fg(\022)2942 3823 y Fj(x)2997 3838 y Fl(2)p 2856 3867 |
| | 34659 | V 2856 3959 a Fw(2)g Fn(\000)h Fj(x)3082 3974 y Fl(1)3132 |
| | 34660 | 3769 y Fg(\023)3193 3792 y Fl(2)3232 3744 y Fg(!\))3414 |
| | 34661 | 3890 y Fj(;)116 b Fw(\(139\))0 4165 y(where)37 b(the)f(\014rst)f(term)g |
| | 34662 | (inside)g(the)h(curly)f(brac)m(k)m(et)i(comes)f(from)e(emission)g |
| | 34663 | (o\013)h(the)h(quark)h(and)e(the)0 4273 y(second)41 b(term)f(from)e |
| | 34664 | (emission)h(o\013)h(the)g(an)m(tiquark.)66 b(The)41 b(corresp)s(onding) |
| | 34665 | f(expression)h(in)e(matrix-)0 4381 y(elemen)m(t)32 b(language)g(is)872 |
| | 34666 | 4575 y(1)p 866 4620 60 4 v 866 4711 a Fj(\033)1006 4575 |
| | 34667 | y Fw(d)p Fj(\033)1115 4590 y Fl(ME)p 962 4620 315 4 v |
| | 34668 | 962 4711 a Fw(d)p Fj(x)1071 4726 y Fl(1)1128 4711 y Fw(d)p |
| | 34669 | Fj(x)1237 4726 y Fl(2)1314 4643 y Fw(=)1435 4575 y Fj(\013)1497 |
| | 34670 | 4590 y Fl(s)p 1428 4620 108 4 v 1428 4711 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1562 |
| | 34671 | 4643 y(C)1632 4658 y Fh(F)2034 4575 y Fw(1)p 1717 4620 |
| | 34672 | 683 4 v 1717 4711 a(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(x)1981 4726 |
| | 34673 | y Fl(1)2020 4711 y Fw(\)\(1)f Fn(\000)h Fj(x)2322 4726 |
| | 34674 | y Fl(2)2362 4711 y Fw(\))2426 4547 y Fg(n)2482 4643 y |
| | 34675 | Fj(x)2537 4602 y Fl(2)2537 4668 y(1)2599 4643 y Fw(+)f |
| | 34676 | Fj(x)2752 4602 y Fl(2)2752 4668 y(2)2791 4547 y Fg(o)2896 |
| | 34677 | 4643 y Fj(:)634 b Fw(\(140\))0 4911 y(With)36 b(the)h(kinematics)f(c)m |
| | 34678 | (hoice)h(of)43 b Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)37 b(the)g(matrix-elemen)m(t)d |
| | 34679 | (expression)k(is)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(smaller)0 5019 y(than)h(the)h |
| | 34680 | (parton-sho)m(w)m(er)g(one.)61 b(It)39 b(is)f(therefore)g(p)s(ossible)g |
| | 34681 | (to)g(run)h(the)f(sho)m(w)m(er)i(as)f(usual,)g(but)g(to)0 |
| | 34682 | 5128 y(imp)s(ose)f(an)i(extra)g(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(factor)f(d)p |
| | 34683 | Fj(\033)1448 5143 y Fl(ME)1565 5128 y Fj(=)p Fw(d)p Fj(\033)1723 |
| | 34684 | 5143 y Fl(PS)1815 5128 y Fw(,)j(whic)m(h)e(is)f(just)h(the)g(ratio)e |
| | 34685 | (of)h(the)h(expressions)h(in)0 5236 y(curly)g(brac)m(k)m(ets.)70 |
| | 34686 | b(If)41 b(a)f(branc)m(hing)h(is)f(rejected,)k(the)e(ev)m(olution)e(is)g |
| | 34687 | (con)m(tin)m(ued)h(from)f(the)h(rejected)0 5344 y Fj(Q)77 |
| | 34688 | 5308 y Fl(2)154 5344 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(on)m(w)m(ards)i(\(the)f(v)m |
| | 34689 | (eto)g(algorithm\).)55 b(The)38 b(w)m(eigh)m(ting)f(pro)s(cedure)i(is)e |
| | 34690 | (applied)f(to)h(the)h(\014rst)0 5453 y(branc)m(hing)30 |
| | 34691 | b(of)f(b)s(oth)h(the)g(q)g(and)g(the)p 1385 5400 52 4 |
| | 34692 | v 31 w(q,)h(in)e(eac)m(h)h(case)h(with)f(the)g(\(nominal\))d |
| | 34693 | (assumption)i(that)h(none)0 5561 y(of)36 b(the)i(other)f(partons)g |
| | 34694 | (branc)m(h)h(\(neither)e(the)i(sister)f(nor)g(the)g(daugh)m(ters\),)i |
| | 34695 | (so)e(that)g(the)g(relations)0 5669 y(of)32 b(eq.)i(\(138\))d(are)i |
| | 34696 | (applicable.)1817 5953 y(196)p eop |
| | 34697 | %%Page: 197 203 |
| | 34698 | 197 202 bop 146 -18 a Fw(If)32 b(a)f(photon)g(is)g(emitted)f(instead)h |
| | 34699 | (of)g(a)g(gluon,)g(the)g(emission)f(rate)i(in)e(parton)h(sho)m(w)m(ers) |
| | 34700 | j(is)c(giv)m(en)0 90 y(b)m(y)250 260 y(1)p 245 304 60 |
| | 34701 | 4 v 245 396 a Fj(\033)398 260 y Fw(d)p Fj(\033)507 275 |
| | 34702 | y Fl(PS)p 341 304 315 4 v 341 396 a Fw(d)p Fj(x)450 411 |
| | 34703 | y Fl(1)506 396 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)615 411 y Fl(2)749 327 y |
| | 34704 | Fw(=)919 260 y Fj(\013)981 275 y Fl(em)p 919 304 157 |
| | 34705 | 4 v 943 396 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1429 260 y Fw(1)p 1112 304 |
| | 34706 | 683 4 v 1112 396 a(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(x)1375 411 y |
| | 34707 | Fl(1)1415 396 y Fw(\)\(1)g Fn(\000)h Fj(x)1717 411 y |
| | 34708 | Fl(2)1757 396 y Fw(\))1827 327 y Fn(\002)749 603 y(\002)909 |
| | 34709 | 457 y Fg(\()976 603 y Fj(e)1021 562 y Fl(2)1021 628 y(q)1089 |
| | 34710 | 536 y Fw(1)f Fn(\000)h Fj(x)1315 551 y Fl(1)p 1089 580 |
| | 34711 | 266 4 v 1174 671 a Fj(x)1229 686 y Fl(3)1381 457 y Fg( )1447 |
| | 34712 | 603 y Fw(1)f(+)1616 482 y Fg(\022)1772 536 y Fj(x)1827 |
| | 34713 | 551 y Fl(1)p 1687 580 V 1687 671 a Fw(2)g Fn(\000)g Fj(x)1912 |
| | 34714 | 686 y Fl(2)1962 482 y Fg(\023)2023 505 y Fl(2)2063 457 |
| | 34715 | y Fg(!)2151 603 y Fw(+)g Fj(e)2294 562 y Fl(2)p 2294 |
| | 34716 | 589 42 4 v 2294 628 a(q)2362 536 y Fw(1)g Fn(\000)g Fj(x)2587 |
| | 34717 | 551 y Fl(2)p 2362 580 266 4 v 2447 671 a Fj(x)2502 686 |
| | 34718 | y Fl(3)2654 457 y Fg( )2719 603 y Fw(1)g(+)2888 482 y |
| | 34719 | Fg(\022)3045 536 y Fj(x)3100 551 y Fl(2)p 2959 580 V |
| | 34720 | 2959 671 a Fw(2)g Fn(\000)h Fj(x)3185 686 y Fl(1)3235 |
| | 34721 | 482 y Fg(\023)3296 505 y Fl(2)3335 457 y Fg(!\))3517 |
| | 34722 | 603 y Fj(;)13 b Fw(\(141\))0 859 y(and)33 b(in)e(matrix)h(elemen)m(ts)g |
| | 34723 | (b)m(y)i([Gro81)o(])209 1047 y(1)p 204 1091 60 4 v 204 |
| | 34724 | 1183 a Fj(\033)344 1047 y Fw(d)p Fj(\033)453 1062 y Fl(ME)p |
| | 34725 | 299 1091 315 4 v 299 1183 a Fw(d)p Fj(x)408 1198 y Fl(1)465 |
| | 34726 | 1183 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)574 1198 y Fl(2)652 1115 y Fw(=)765 |
| | 34727 | 1047 y Fj(\013)827 1062 y Fl(em)p 765 1091 157 4 v 790 |
| | 34728 | 1183 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)1275 1047 y Fw(1)p 958 1091 683 |
| | 34729 | 4 v 958 1183 a(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(x)1222 1198 y Fl(1)1262 |
| | 34730 | 1183 y Fw(\)\(1)e Fn(\000)i Fj(x)1563 1198 y Fl(2)1603 |
| | 34731 | 1183 y Fw(\))1667 968 y Fg(\()1734 993 y(\022)1795 1115 |
| | 34732 | y Fj(e)1840 1130 y Fl(q)1908 1047 y Fw(1)f Fn(\000)h |
| | 34733 | Fj(x)2134 1062 y Fl(1)p 1908 1091 266 4 v 1994 1183 a |
| | 34734 | Fj(x)2049 1198 y Fl(3)2206 1115 y Fn(\000)g Fj(e)p 2351 |
| | 34735 | 1091 42 4 v 15 x Fl(q)2419 1047 y Fw(1)f Fn(\000)g Fj(x)2644 |
| | 34736 | 1062 y Fl(2)p 2419 1091 266 4 v 2504 1183 a Fj(x)2559 |
| | 34737 | 1198 y Fl(3)2694 993 y Fg(\023)2755 1009 y Fl(2)2811 |
| | 34738 | 1018 y Fg(\020)2861 1115 y Fj(x)2916 1073 y Fl(2)2916 |
| | 34739 | 1139 y(1)2978 1115 y Fw(+)g Fj(x)3131 1073 y Fl(2)3131 |
| | 34740 | 1139 y(2)3171 1018 y Fg(\021)3220 968 y(\))3336 1115 |
| | 34741 | y Fj(:)194 b Fw(\(142\))0 1370 y(As)24 b(in)e(the)i(gluon)e(emission)g |
| | 34742 | (case,)k(a)d(w)m(eigh)m(ting)g(factor)f(d)p Fj(\033)2142 |
| | 34743 | 1385 y Fl(ME)2260 1370 y Fj(=)p Fw(d)p Fj(\033)2418 1385 |
| | 34744 | y Fl(PS)2533 1370 y Fw(can)h(therefore)h(b)s(e)f(applied)f(when)0 |
| | 34745 | 1489 y(either)40 b(the)g(original)d(q)k(\()p Fj(`)p Fw(\))e(or)h(the)h |
| | 34746 | (original)p 1729 1437 52 4 v 36 w(q)g(\()p 1859 1410 |
| | 34747 | 41 4 v Fj(`)p Fw(\))f(emits)f(a)h(photon.)66 b(F)-8 b(or)39 |
| | 34748 | b(a)h(neutral)f(resonance,)0 1598 y(suc)m(h)c(as)g(Z)403 |
| | 34749 | 1562 y Fl(0)442 1598 y Fw(,)f(where)h Fj(e)p 831 1574 |
| | 34750 | 42 4 v 15 x Fl(q)903 1598 y Fw(=)30 b Fn(\000)p Fj(e)1131 |
| | 34751 | 1613 y Fl(q)1173 1598 y Fw(,)35 b(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(expressions)h |
| | 34752 | (simplify)31 b(and)j(one)g(reco)m(v)m(ers)j(exactly)d(the)0 |
| | 34753 | 1706 y(same)e(ratio)f(d)p Fj(\033)586 1721 y Fl(ME)704 |
| | 34754 | 1706 y Fj(=)p Fw(d)p Fj(\033)862 1721 y Fl(PS)986 1706 |
| | 34755 | y Fw(as)i(for)f(gluon)f(emission.)146 1814 y(Compared)c(with)f(the)h |
| | 34756 | (standard)g(matrix-elemen)m(t)d(treatmen)m(t,)k(a)e(few)h |
| | 34757 | (di\013erences)g(remain.)41 b(The)0 1923 y(sho)m(w)m(er)24 |
| | 34758 | b(one)e(automatically)c(con)m(tains)k(the)g(Sudak)m(o)m(v)i(form)c |
| | 34759 | (factor)i(and)f(an)h Fj(\013)2844 1938 y Fl(s)2898 1923 |
| | 34760 | y Fw(running)f(as)h(a)g(function)0 2031 y(of)40 b(the)g |
| | 34761 | Fj(p)343 1995 y Fl(2)343 2056 y Fk(?)442 2031 y Fw(scale)g(of)g(the)g |
| | 34762 | (branc)m(hing.)66 b(The)41 b(sho)m(w)m(er)h(also)d(allo)m(ws)g(all)f |
| | 34763 | (partons)i(to)g(ev)m(olv)m(e)h(further,)0 2139 y(whic)m(h)36 |
| | 34764 | b(means)g(that)g(the)g(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)36 |
| | 34765 | b(kinematics)f(assumed)i(for)e(a)h(comparison)e(with)i(matrix)e(elemen) |
| | 34766 | m(ts)0 2248 y(is)i(mo)s(di\014ed)f(b)m(y)i(subsequen)m(t)i(branc)m |
| | 34767 | (hings,)f(e.g.)54 b(that)36 b(the)h(energy)g(of)f(parton)g(1)g(is)g |
| | 34768 | (reduced)h(when)0 2356 y(parton)c(2)g(is)f(assigned)i(a)f(mass.)45 |
| | 34769 | b(All)32 b(these)i(e\013ects)g(are)g(formally)c(of)j(higher)f(order,)i |
| | 34770 | (and)f(so)h(do)f(not)0 2464 y(a\013ect)k(a)g(\014rst-order)g |
| | 34771 | (comparison.)56 b(This)37 b(do)s(es)h(not)e(mean)h(that)g(the)g |
| | 34772 | (corrections)g(need)h(b)s(e)g(small,)0 2573 y(but)e(exp)s(erimen)m(tal) |
| | 34773 | f(results)h(are)g(encouraging:)50 b(the)36 b(approac)m(h)h(outlined)d |
| | 34774 | (do)s(es)j(ev)m(ery)g(bit)e(as)i(go)s(o)s(d)0 2681 y(as)c(explicit)e |
| | 34775 | (second-order)i(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts)g(for)g(the)h(description)g(of)f |
| | 34776 | (4-jet)g(pro)s(duction.)0 2925 y Fo(10.2.4)113 b(Subsequen)m(t)38 |
| | 34777 | b(branc)m(hes)h(and)f(angular)g(ordering)0 3098 y Fw(The)i(sho)m(w)m |
| | 34778 | (er)g(ev)m(olution)e(is)g(\(almost\))f(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(done)h(on)e(a)h |
| | 34779 | (pair)e(of)i(partons,)h(so)f(that)g(energy)g(and)0 3206 |
| | 34780 | y(momen)m(tum)32 b(can)j(b)s(e)f(conserv)m(ed.)50 b(In)34 |
| | 34781 | b(the)g(\014rst)h(step)f(of)g(the)g(ev)m(olution,)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 34782 | (original)30 b(partons)0 3314 y(th)m(us)k(undergo)g(branc)m(hings)g(1) |
| | 34783 | 29 b Fn(!)g Fw(3)22 b(+)h(4)33 b(and)g(2)c Fn(!)g Fw(5)22 |
| | 34784 | b(+)h(6.)46 b(As)33 b(describ)s(ed)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)f(the)g(allo)m(w)m |
| | 34785 | (ed)f Fj(m)3713 3329 y Fl(1)3752 3314 y Fw(,)0 3423 y |
| | 34786 | Fj(m)85 3438 y Fl(2)125 3423 y Fw(,)e Fj(z)228 3438 y |
| | 34787 | Fl(1)299 3423 y Fw(and)g Fj(z)532 3438 y Fl(2)603 3423 |
| | 34788 | y Fw(ranges)g(are)g(coupled)h(b)m(y)g(kinematical)c(constrain)m(ts.)43 |
| | 34789 | b(In)32 b(the)f(second)i(step,)f(the)g(pair)0 3531 y(3)24 |
| | 34790 | b(+)g(4)36 b(is)f(ev)m(olv)m(ed)i(and,)g(separately)-8 |
| | 34791 | b(,)37 b(the)f(pair)f(5)24 b(+)g(6.)53 b(Considering)35 |
| | 34792 | b(only)g(the)i(former)d(\(the)i(latter)0 3665 y(is)c(trivially)d |
| | 34793 | (obtained)i(b)m(y)i(symmetry\),)g(the)f(partons)h(th)m(us)g(ha)m(v)m(e) |
| | 34794 | g(nominal)d(initial)e(energies)33 b Fj(E)3582 3614 y |
| | 34795 | Fl(\(0\))3576 3687 y(3)3704 3665 y Fw(=)0 3799 y Fj(z)45 |
| | 34796 | 3814 y Fl(1)85 3799 y Fj(E)157 3814 y Fl(1)220 3799 y |
| | 34797 | Fw(and)24 b Fj(E)479 3748 y Fl(\(0\))473 3821 y(4)601 |
| | 34798 | 3799 y Fw(=)k(\(1)t Fn(\000)t Fj(z)922 3814 y Fl(1)962 |
| | 34799 | 3799 y Fw(\))p Fj(E)1072 3814 y Fl(1)1112 3799 y Fw(,)e(and)d(maxim)m |
| | 34800 | (um)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(virtualities)e Fj(m)2697 3814 y |
| | 34801 | Fl(max)p Fh(;)p Fl(3)2916 3799 y Fw(=)27 b(min)o(\()p |
| | 34802 | Fj(m)3305 3814 y Fl(1)3345 3799 y Fj(;)17 b(E)3467 3748 |
| | 34803 | y Fl(\(0\))3461 3821 y(3)3561 3799 y Fw(\))23 b(and)0 |
| | 34804 | 3936 y Fj(m)85 3951 y Fl(max)p Fh(;)p Fl(4)312 3936 y |
| | 34805 | Fw(=)36 b(min)o(\()p Fj(m)710 3951 y Fl(1)749 3936 y |
| | 34806 | Fj(;)17 b(E)871 3885 y Fl(\(0\))865 3958 y(4)965 3936 |
| | 34807 | y Fw(\).)59 b(Initially)34 b(partons)k(3)f(and)h(4)f(are)h(ev)m(olv)m |
| | 34808 | (ed)h(separately)-8 b(,)39 b(giving)d(masses)0 4044 y |
| | 34809 | Fj(m)85 4059 y Fl(3)163 4044 y Fw(and)j Fj(m)444 4059 |
| | 34810 | y Fl(4)522 4044 y Fw(and)g(splitting)d(v)-5 b(ariables)37 |
| | 34811 | b Fj(z)1564 4059 y Fl(3)1643 4044 y Fw(and)h Fj(z)1883 |
| | 34812 | 4059 y Fl(4)1923 4044 y Fw(.)62 b(If)38 b Fj(m)2200 4059 |
| | 34813 | y Fl(3)2266 4044 y Fw(+)26 b Fj(m)2453 4059 y Fl(4)2531 |
| | 34814 | 4044 y Fj(>)38 b(m)2730 4059 y Fl(1)2769 4044 y Fw(,)i(the)f(parton)g |
| | 34815 | (of)f(3)g(and)h(4)0 4152 y(that)32 b(has)h(the)g(largest)f(ratio)f(of)i |
| | 34816 | Fj(m)1298 4167 y Fh(i)1326 4152 y Fj(=m)1460 4167 y Fl(max)p |
| | 34817 | Fh(;i)1672 4152 y Fw(is)f(ev)m(olv)m(ed)i(further.)44 |
| | 34818 | b(Thereafter)34 b(eq.)f(\(136\))f(is)g(used)i(to)0 4261 |
| | 34819 | y(construct)j(corrected)f(energies)g Fj(E)1301 4276 y |
| | 34820 | Fl(3)1376 4261 y Fw(and)g Fj(E)1641 4276 y Fl(4)1680 |
| | 34821 | 4261 y Fw(,)g(and)g(the)g Fj(z)k Fw(v)-5 b(alues)35 b(are)h(c)m(hec)m |
| | 34822 | (k)m(ed)i(for)d(consistency)-8 b(.)54 b(If)0 4369 y(a)39 |
| | 34823 | b(branc)m(hing)f(has)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(rejected)h(b)s(ecause)g(the)g(c)m |
| | 34824 | (hange)f(of)g(parton)f(energy)i(puts)g Fj(z)j Fw(outside)c(the)0 |
| | 34825 | 4478 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)32 b(range,)g(the)h(parton)g(is)f(ev)m(olv)m(ed)i |
| | 34826 | (further.)146 4586 y(This)g(pro)s(cedure)h(can)f(then)h(b)s(e)f |
| | 34827 | (iterated)f(for)g(the)h(ev)m(olution)f(of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(daugh)m |
| | 34828 | (ters)h(of)f(parton)0 4694 y(3)29 b(and)g(for)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(of)f |
| | 34829 | (parton)g(4,)g(etc.,)i(un)m(til)d(eac)m(h)i(parton)f(reac)m(hes)i(the)e |
| | 34830 | (cut-o\013)g(mass)g Fj(m)3366 4709 y Fl(min)3488 4694 |
| | 34831 | y Fw(.)42 b(Then)0 4803 y(the)33 b(parton)f(is)g(put)h(on)g(the)g(mass) |
| | 34832 | f(shell.)146 4911 y(The)51 b(mo)s(del,)h(as)e(describ)s(ed)g(so)g(far,) |
| | 34833 | j(pro)s(duces)e(so-called)d(con)m(v)m(en)m(tional)i(sho)m(w)m(ers,)56 |
| | 34834 | b(wherein)0 5019 y(masses)42 b(are)g(strictly)f(decreasing)h(in)f(the)h |
| | 34835 | (sho)m(w)m(er)h(ev)m(olution.)70 b(Emission)40 b(angles)h(are)h |
| | 34836 | (decreasing)0 5128 y(only)30 b(in)f(an)h(a)m(v)m(erage)h(sense,)i(ho)m |
| | 34837 | (w)m(ev)m(er,)g(whic)m(h)d(means)h(that)f(also)f(fairly)f(`late')i |
| | 34838 | (branc)m(hings)g(can)h(giv)m(e)0 5236 y(partons)37 b(at)g(large)f |
| | 34839 | (angles.)57 b(Theoretical)36 b(studies)i(b)s(ey)m(ond)h(the)e |
| | 34840 | (leading-log)d(lev)m(el)j(sho)m(w)h(that)f(this)0 5344 |
| | 34841 | y(is)c(not)h(correct)h([Mue81],)g(but)f(that)g(destructiv)m(e)h(in)m |
| | 34842 | (terference)g(e\013ects)h(are)e(large)e(in)i(the)g(region)f(of)0 |
| | 34843 | 5453 y(non-ordered)k(emission)e(angles.)55 b(T)-8 b(o)37 |
| | 34844 | b(a)f(v)m(ery)i(go)s(o)s(d)e(\014rst)h(appro)m(ximation,)e(these)j |
| | 34845 | (so-called)d(coher-)0 5561 y(ence)41 b(e\013ects)g(can)f(b)s(e)g(tak)m |
| | 34846 | (en)h(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t)h(in)f(parton)h(sho)m(w)m(er)h(programs)e(b) |
| | 34847 | m(y)i(requiring)d(a)i(strict)0 5669 y(ordering)32 b(in)g(terms)g(of)g |
| | 34848 | (decreasing)h(emission)f(angles.)1817 5953 y(197)p eop |
| | 34849 | %%Page: 198 204 |
| | 34850 | 198 203 bop 146 -18 a Fw(The)44 b(coherence)h(phenomenon)e(is)f(kno)m |
| | 34851 | (wn)i(already)e(from)g(QED.)g(One)h(manifestation)e(is)h(the)0 |
| | 34852 | 90 y(Ch)m(udak)m(o)m(v)34 b(e\013ect)e([Ch)m(u55)q(],)f(disco)m(v)m |
| | 34853 | (ered)i(in)e(the)g(study)i(of)e(high-energy)g(cosmic)f |
| | 34854 | Fj(\015)37 b Fw(ra)m(ys)32 b(impinging)0 198 y(on)48 |
| | 34855 | b(a)g(n)m(uclear)g(target.)89 b(If)48 b(a)g Fj(\015)k |
| | 34856 | Fw(is)c(con)m(v)m(erted)i(in)m(to)d(a)h(highly)f(collinear)e(e)2926 |
| | 34857 | 162 y Fl(+)2986 198 y Fw(e)3029 162 y Fk(\000)3136 198 |
| | 34858 | y Fw(pair)i(inside)g(the)0 307 y(em)m(ulsion,)39 b(the)g(e)656 |
| | 34859 | 270 y Fl(+)754 307 y Fw(and)g(e)993 270 y Fk(\000)1090 |
| | 34860 | 307 y Fw(in)f(their)g(tra)m(v)m(el)h(through)g(the)g(em)m(ulsion)e |
| | 34861 | (ionize)g(atoms)h(and)h(thereb)m(y)0 415 y(pro)s(duce)d(blac)m(k)m |
| | 34862 | (ening.)53 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)39 b(near)d(the)g(con)m(v)m(ersion)h(p)s |
| | 34863 | (oin)m(t)e(the)h(blac)m(k)m(ening)f(is)h(small:)47 b(the)36 |
| | 34864 | b(e)3720 379 y Fl(+)0 523 y Fw(and)27 b(e)227 487 y Fk(\000)314 |
| | 34865 | 523 y Fw(then)h(are)g(still)d(close)i(together,)i(so)e(that)g(an)h |
| | 34866 | (atom)e(tra)m(v)m(ersed)j(b)m(y)g(the)e(pair)g(do)s(es)h(not)f(resolv)m |
| | 34867 | (e)0 632 y(the)h(individual)c(c)m(harges)k(of)f(the)h(e)1266 |
| | 34868 | 595 y Fl(+)1352 632 y Fw(and)f(the)h(e)1742 595 y Fk(\000)1801 |
| | 34869 | 632 y Fw(,)g(but)g(only)f(feels)g(a)g(net)g(c)m(harge)h(close)f(to)g |
| | 34870 | (zero.)42 b(Only)0 740 y(later,)d(when)g(the)g(e)739 |
| | 34871 | 704 y Fl(+)837 740 y Fw(and)f(e)1075 704 y Fk(\000)1173 |
| | 34872 | 740 y Fw(are)g(separated)h(b)m(y)g(more)f(than)g(a)g(t)m(ypical)g |
| | 34873 | (atomic)e(radius,)k(are)e(the)0 848 y(t)m(w)m(o)33 b(able)f(to)g |
| | 34874 | (ionize)g(indep)s(enden)m(tly)h(of)f(eac)m(h)i(other.)146 |
| | 34875 | 957 y(The)g(situation)e(is)g(similar)e(in)i(QCD,)h(but)g(is)f(further)i |
| | 34876 | (extended,)h(since)e(no)m(w)h(also)e(gluons)g(carry)0 |
| | 34877 | 1065 y(colour.)45 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(example,)h(in)g(a)g(branc)m(hing)g |
| | 34878 | (q)1619 1080 y Fl(0)1688 1065 y Fn(!)c Fw(qg)35 b(the)e(q)h(and)f(g)i |
| | 34879 | (share)f(a)f(colour{an)m(ticolour)d(pair,)0 1173 y(and)42 |
| | 34880 | b(therefore)h(the)f(q)g(and)g(g)h(cannot)f(emit)f(subsequen)m(t)k |
| | 34881 | (gluons)c(incoheren)m(tly)-8 b(.)72 b(Again)41 b(the)h(net)0 |
| | 34882 | 1282 y(e\013ect)32 b(is)g(to)f(reduce)i(the)f(amoun)m(t)f(of)g(soft)h |
| | 34883 | (gluon)e(emission:)42 b(since)32 b(a)f(soft)h(gluon)f(\(emitted)f(at)i |
| | 34884 | (large)0 1390 y(angles\))d(corresp)s(onds)j(to)d(a)h(large)e(\(transv)m |
| | 34885 | (erse\))k(w)m(a)m(v)m(elength,)g(the)f(soft)e(gluon)g(is)h(unable)f(to) |
| | 34886 | h(resolv)m(e)0 1498 y(the)46 b(separate)g(colour)e(c)m(harges)i(of)f |
| | 34887 | (the)g(q)h(and)f(the)h(g)q(,)j(and)c(only)g(feels)g(the)g(net)h(c)m |
| | 34888 | (harge)g(carried)0 1607 y(b)m(y)d(the)f(q)373 1622 y |
| | 34889 | Fl(0)413 1607 y Fw(.)70 b(Suc)m(h)43 b(a)f(soft)f(gluon)g(g)1367 |
| | 34890 | 1571 y Fk(0)1432 1607 y Fw(\(in)g(the)h(region)f Fj(\022)2117 |
| | 34891 | 1622 y Fl(q)2154 1631 y Ff(0)2189 1622 y Fl(g)2225 1603 |
| | 34892 | y Fd(0)2295 1607 y Fj(>)i(\022)2459 1622 y Fl(qg)2537 |
| | 34893 | 1607 y Fw(\))f(could)f(therefore)h(b)s(e)g(though)m(t)0 |
| | 34894 | 1715 y(of)k(as)h(b)s(eing)g(emitted)e(b)m(y)j(the)f(q)1291 |
| | 34895 | 1730 y Fl(0)1378 1715 y Fw(rather)g(than)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(q{g)h(system.) |
| | 34896 | 87 b(If)47 b(one)g(considers)h(only)0 1823 y(emission)29 |
| | 34897 | b(that)i(should)f(b)s(e)h(asso)s(ciated)f(with)g(the)h(q)g(or)f(the)h |
| | 34898 | (g)q(,)g(to)f(a)h(go)s(o)s(d)e(appro)m(ximation,)g(there)i(is)0 |
| | 34899 | 1932 y(a)e(complete)g(destructiv)m(e)i(in)m(terference)g(in)e(the)h |
| | 34900 | (regions)f(of)g(non-decreasing)h(op)s(ening)e(angles,)i(while)0 |
| | 34901 | 2040 y(partons)24 b(radiate)f(indep)s(enden)m(tly)h(of)f(eac)m(h)i |
| | 34902 | (other)f(inside)f(the)h(regions)f(of)h(decreasing)g(op)s(ening)f |
| | 34903 | (angles)0 2148 y(\()p Fj(\022)83 2163 y Fh(q)r(g)153 |
| | 34904 | 2144 y Fd(0)215 2148 y Fj(<)36 b(\022)372 2163 y Fh(q)r(g)483 |
| | 34905 | 2148 y Fw(and)i Fj(\022)723 2163 y Fh(g)r(g)795 2144 |
| | 34906 | y Fd(0)857 2148 y Fj(<)e(\022)1014 2163 y Fh(q)r(g)1088 |
| | 34907 | 2148 y Fw(\),)i(once)g(azim)m(uthal)d(angles)i(are)g(a)m(v)m(eraged)i |
| | 34908 | (o)m(v)m(er.)58 b(The)38 b(details)e(of)h(the)0 2257 |
| | 34909 | y(colour)31 b(in)m(terference)i(pattern)g(are)f(re\015ected)h(in)f |
| | 34910 | (non-uniform)d(azim)m(uthal)h(emission)h(probabilities.)146 |
| | 34911 | 2365 y(The)25 b(\014rst)f(branc)m(hings)h(of)e(the)h(sho)m(w)m(er)i |
| | 34912 | (are)e(not)f(a\013ected)i(b)m(y)g(the)f(angular-ordering)d(requiremen)m |
| | 34913 | (t)0 2473 y(|)k(since)g(the)h(ev)m(olution)e(is)h(p)s(erformed)f(in)h |
| | 34914 | (the)g(c.m.)41 b(frame)24 b(of)h(the)g(original)d(parton)j(pair,)h |
| | 34915 | (where)g(the)0 2582 y(original)k(op)s(ening)j(angle)g(is)g(180)1222 |
| | 34916 | 2546 y Fk(\016)1261 2582 y Fw(,)h(an)m(y)g(angle)f(w)m(ould)g(an)m(yw)m |
| | 34917 | (a)m(y)j(b)s(e)d(smaller)f(than)i(this)f(|)g(but)h(here)0 |
| | 34918 | 2690 y(instead)g(the)f(matrix-elemen)m(t)f(matc)m(hing)g(pro)s(cedure)j |
| | 34919 | (is)e(used,)i(where)g(applicable.)44 b(Subsequen)m(tly)-8 |
| | 34920 | b(,)0 2798 y(eac)m(h)33 b(op)s(ening)f(angle)g(is)g(compared)g(with)h |
| | 34921 | (that)f(of)g(the)h(preceding)g(branc)m(hing)g(in)e(the)i(sho)m(w)m(er.) |
| | 34922 | 146 2907 y(F)-8 b(or)32 b(a)g(branc)m(hing)h Fj(a)28 |
| | 34923 | b Fn(!)f Fj(bc)33 b Fw(the)g(kinematical)d(appro)m(ximation)190 |
| | 34924 | 3184 y Fj(\022)235 3199 y Fh(a)305 3184 y Fn(\031)420 |
| | 34925 | 3116 y Fj(p)469 3131 y Fk(?)p Fh(b)p 420 3160 139 4 v |
| | 34926 | 436 3252 a Fj(E)508 3267 y Fh(b)590 3184 y Fw(+)698 3116 |
| | 34927 | y Fj(p)747 3131 y Fk(?)p Fh(c)p 698 3160 V 714 3252 a |
| | 34928 | Fj(E)786 3267 y Fh(c)874 3184 y Fn(\031)980 3079 y Fg(q)p |
| | 34929 | 1063 3079 421 4 v 105 x Fj(z)1108 3199 y Fh(a)1150 3184 |
| | 34930 | y Fw(\(1)21 b Fn(\000)i Fj(z)1403 3199 y Fh(a)1445 3184 |
| | 34931 | y Fw(\))p Fj(m)1568 3199 y Fh(a)1626 3037 y Fg( )1778 |
| | 34932 | 3116 y Fw(1)p 1702 3160 201 4 v 1702 3252 a Fj(z)1747 |
| | 34933 | 3267 y Fh(a)1789 3252 y Fj(E)1861 3267 y Fh(a)1935 3184 |
| | 34934 | y Fw(+)2242 3116 y(1)p 2043 3160 448 4 v 2043 3252 a(\(1)f |
| | 34935 | Fn(\000)g Fj(z)2296 3267 y Fh(a)2338 3252 y Fw(\))p Fj(E)2448 |
| | 34936 | 3267 y Fh(a)2500 3037 y Fg(!)2594 3184 y Fw(=)2934 3116 |
| | 34937 | y(1)p 2707 3160 504 4 v 2707 3177 a Fg(q)p 2790 3177 |
| | 34938 | 421 4 v 100 x Fj(z)2835 3292 y Fh(a)2877 3277 y Fw(\(1)g |
| | 34939 | Fn(\000)h Fj(z)3131 3292 y Fh(a)3172 3277 y Fw(\))3230 |
| | 34940 | 3116 y Fj(m)3315 3131 y Fh(a)p 3230 3160 127 4 v 3237 |
| | 34941 | 3252 a Fj(E)3309 3267 y Fh(a)3557 3184 y Fw(\(143\))0 |
| | 34942 | 3506 y(is)39 b(used)i(to)e(deriv)m(e)h(the)g(op)s(ening)f(angle)g |
| | 34943 | (\(this)g(is)g(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)j(to)d(the)h(same)f(lev)m(el)h(of)f |
| | 34944 | (appro)m(ximation)0 3614 y(as)e(the)g(one)g(in)f(whic)m(h)h(angular)e |
| | 34945 | (ordering)h(is)g(deriv)m(ed\).)57 b(With)36 b Fj(\022)2458 |
| | 34946 | 3629 y Fh(b)2529 3614 y Fw(of)h(the)g Fj(b)g Fw(branc)m(hing)f |
| | 34947 | (calculated)0 3722 y(similarly)-8 b(,)29 b(the)k(requiremen)m(t)g |
| | 34948 | Fj(\022)1173 3737 y Fh(b)1235 3722 y Fj(<)28 b(\022)1384 |
| | 34949 | 3737 y Fh(a)1458 3722 y Fw(can)33 b(b)s(e)g(reduced)h(to)1453 |
| | 34950 | 3924 y Fj(z)1498 3939 y Fh(b)1532 3924 y Fw(\(1)22 b |
| | 34951 | Fn(\000)h Fj(z)1786 3939 y Fh(b)1821 3924 y Fw(\))p 1453 |
| | 34952 | 3969 406 4 v 1593 4060 a Fj(m)1678 4026 y Fl(2)1678 4085 |
| | 34953 | y Fh(b)1896 3992 y Fj(>)2010 3924 y Fw(1)f Fn(\000)g |
| | 34954 | Fj(z)2225 3939 y Fh(a)p 2010 3969 258 4 v 2031 4060 a |
| | 34955 | Fj(z)2076 4075 y Fh(a)2118 4060 y Fj(m)2203 4031 y Fl(2)2203 |
| | 34956 | 4085 y Fh(a)2310 3992 y Fj(:)1220 b Fw(\(144\))146 4262 |
| | 34957 | y(Since)45 b(photons)g(do)g(not)g(ob)s(ey)g(angular)e(ordering,)k(the)e |
| | 34958 | (c)m(hec)m(k)i(on)e(angular)e(ordering)h(is)h(not)0 4371 |
| | 34959 | y(p)s(erformed)35 b(when)i(a)e(photon)h(is)f(emitted.)52 |
| | 34960 | b(When)37 b(a)e(gluon)g(is)g(emitted)g(in)g(the)h(branc)m(hing)f(after) |
| | 34961 | h(a)0 4479 y(photon,)k(its)f(emission)e(angle)h(is)g(restricted)h(b)m |
| | 34962 | (y)h(that)e(of)h(the)g(preceding)g(QCD)f(branc)m(hing)h(in)f(the)0 |
| | 34963 | 4587 y(sho)m(w)m(er,)c(i.e.)43 b(the)33 b(photon)g(emission)e(angle)h |
| | 34964 | (do)s(es)h(not)f(en)m(ter.)0 4835 y Fo(10.2.5)113 b(Other)37 |
| | 34965 | b(\014nal-state)h(sho)m(w)m(er)f(asp)s(ects)0 5008 y |
| | 34966 | Fw(The)i(electromagnetic)e(coupling)g(constan)m(t)j(for)e(the)h |
| | 34967 | (emission)e(of)h(photons)h(on)f(the)h(mass)f(shell)g(is)0 |
| | 34968 | 5116 y Fj(\013)62 5131 y Fl(em)194 5116 y Fw(=)f Fj(\013)369 |
| | 34969 | 5131 y Fl(em)463 5116 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)578 5080 y Fl(2)655 |
| | 34970 | 5116 y Fw(=)g(0\))g Fn(\031)h Fw(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(137.)59 |
| | 34971 | b(F)-8 b(or)38 b(the)g(strong)h(coupling)e(constan)m(t)i(sev)m(eral)g |
| | 34972 | (alternativ)m(es)e(are)0 5224 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)33 |
| | 34973 | b(the)j(default)e(b)s(eing)h(the)g(\014rst-order)g(expression)i |
| | 34974 | Fj(\013)2361 5239 y Fl(s)2393 5224 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)2480 |
| | 34975 | 5188 y Fl(2)2480 5249 y Fk(?)2539 5224 y Fw(\),)e(where)i |
| | 34976 | Fj(p)2973 5188 y Fl(2)2973 5249 y Fk(?)3067 5224 y Fw(is)d(de\014ned)j |
| | 34977 | (b)m(y)f(the)0 5333 y(appro)m(ximate)41 b(expression)i |
| | 34978 | Fj(p)1101 5297 y Fl(2)1101 5357 y Fk(?)1204 5333 y Fn(\031)h |
| | 34979 | Fj(z)t Fw(\(1)29 b Fn(\000)g Fj(z)t Fw(\))p Fj(m)1768 |
| | 34980 | 5297 y Fl(2)1809 5333 y Fw(.)72 b(Studies)42 b(of)f |
| | 34981 | (next-to-leading-order)f(corrections)0 5441 y(fa)m(v)m(our)33 |
| | 34982 | b(this)f(c)m(hoice)h([Ama80)o(].)44 b(The)33 b(other)g(alternativ)m(es) |
| | 34983 | f(are)h(a)f(\014xed)i Fj(\013)2727 5456 y Fl(s)2791 5441 |
| | 34984 | y Fw(and)f(an)f Fj(\013)3178 5456 y Fl(s)3210 5441 y |
| | 34985 | Fw(\()p Fj(m)3333 5405 y Fl(2)3373 5441 y Fw(\).)146 |
| | 34986 | 5549 y(With)42 b(the)g(default)f(c)m(hoice)h(of)g Fj(p)1391 |
| | 34987 | 5513 y Fl(2)1391 5574 y Fk(?)1491 5549 y Fw(as)g(scale)g(in)f |
| | 34988 | Fj(\013)2048 5564 y Fl(s)2080 5549 y Fw(,)k(a)c(further)h(cut-o\013)g |
| | 34989 | (is)f(in)m(tro)s(duced)h(on)g(the)0 5658 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)37 |
| | 34990 | b(phase)h(space)h(of)e(gluon)f(emission,)i(not)f(presen)m(t)j(in)c(the) |
| | 34991 | i(options)f(with)g(\014xed)i Fj(\013)3396 5673 y Fl(s)3466 |
| | 34992 | 5658 y Fw(or)e(with)1817 5953 y(198)p eop |
| | 34993 | %%Page: 199 205 |
| | 34994 | 199 204 bop 0 -18 a Fj(\013)62 -3 y Fl(s)94 -18 y Fw(\()p |
| | 34995 | Fj(m)217 -55 y Fl(2)257 -18 y Fw(\),)40 b(nor)e(in)g(the)h(QED)f(sho)m |
| | 34996 | (w)m(er.)63 b(A)39 b(minim)m(um)c(requiremen)m(t,)40 |
| | 34997 | b(to)e(ensure)i(a)f(w)m(ell-de\014ned)f Fj(\013)3720 |
| | 34998 | -3 y Fl(s)3752 -18 y Fw(,)0 90 y(is)47 b(that)h Fj(p)389 |
| | 34999 | 105 y Fk(?)448 90 y Fj(=)p Fw(\003)53 b Fj(>)g Fw(1)p |
| | 35000 | Fj(:)p Fw(1,)f(but)c(additionally)d Fm(Jetset)i Fw(requires)i(that)e |
| | 35001 | Fj(p)2736 105 y Fk(?)2849 90 y Fj(>)53 b(Q)3055 105 y |
| | 35002 | Fl(0)3095 90 y Fj(=)p Fw(2.)89 b(This)47 b(latter)0 198 |
| | 35003 | y(requiremen)m(t)38 b(is)f(not)g(a)g(necessit)m(y)-8 |
| | 35004 | b(,)40 b(but)e(it)e(mak)m(es)i(sense)h(when)g Fj(p)2494 |
| | 35005 | 213 y Fk(?)2590 198 y Fw(is)e(tak)m(en)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(the)f(preferred)0 |
| | 35006 | 307 y(scale)47 b(of)g(the)h(branc)m(hing)g(pro)s(cess,)k(rather)c(than) |
| | 35007 | f(e.g.)88 b Fj(m)p Fw(.)h(It)47 b(reduces)j(the)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)e |
| | 35008 | Fj(z)52 b Fw(range,)0 415 y(compared)41 b(with)g(the)g(purely)g |
| | 35009 | (kinematical)e(constrain)m(ts.)69 b(Since)42 b(the)f |
| | 35010 | Fj(p)2750 430 y Fk(?)2850 415 y Fw(cut)h(is)e(not)h(presen)m(t)i(for)0 |
| | 35011 | 523 y(photon)38 b(emission,)g(the)g(relativ)m(e)f(ratio)g(of)g(photon)h |
| | 35012 | (to)f(gluon)g(emission)g(o\013)g(a)h(quark)h(is)e(enhanced)0 |
| | 35013 | 632 y(at)g(small)e(virtualities)g(compared)j(with)f(na)-11 |
| | 35014 | b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)37 b(exp)s(ectations;)k(in)c(actual)g(fact)g |
| | 35015 | (this)g(enhancemen)m(t)0 740 y(is)g(largely)g(comp)s(ensated)h(b)m(y)h |
| | 35016 | (the)g(running)e(of)h Fj(\013)1876 755 y Fl(s)1908 740 |
| | 35017 | y Fw(,)h(whic)m(h)g(acts)f(in)f(the)i(opp)s(osite)e(direction.)59 |
| | 35018 | b(The)0 848 y(main)37 b(consequence,)44 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)e(is)d |
| | 35019 | (that)f(the)h(gluon)f(energy)i(sp)s(ectrum)f(is)g(p)s(eak)m(ed)h(at)e |
| | 35020 | (around)h Fj(Q)3740 863 y Fl(0)0 957 y Fw(and)d(rapidly)e(v)-5 |
| | 35021 | b(anishes)36 b(for)f(energies)h(b)s(elo)m(w)g(that,)g(whilst)e(the)i |
| | 35022 | (photon)g(sp)s(ectum)g(extends)i(all)33 b(the)0 1065 |
| | 35023 | y(w)m(a)m(y)h(to)e(zero)h(energy)-8 b(.)146 1173 y(Previously)42 |
| | 35024 | b(it)e(w)m(as)i(said)f(that)g(azim)m(uthal)e(angles)i(in)f(branc)m |
| | 35025 | (hings)i(are)f(c)m(hosen)h(isotropically)-8 b(.)0 1282 |
| | 35026 | y(In)40 b(fact,)g(as)g(an)f(option,)h(it)e(is)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)h |
| | 35027 | (include)g(some)g(e\013ects)h(of)f(gluon)f(p)s(olarization,)g(whic)m(h) |
| | 35028 | 0 1390 y(correlate)c(the)h(pro)s(duction)f(and)g(the)h(deca)m(y)h |
| | 35029 | (planes)e(of)g(a)g(gluon,)g(suc)m(h)i(that)f(a)f(g)e |
| | 35030 | Fn(!)e Fw(gg)36 b(branc)m(hing)0 1498 y(tends)31 b(to)e(tak)m(e)h |
| | 35031 | (place)f(in)g(the)h(pro)s(duction)e(plane)h(of)g(the)h(gluon,)f(while)g |
| | 35032 | (a)g(deca)m(y)i(out)e(of)g(the)h(plane)f(is)0 1607 y(fa)m(v)m(oured)35 |
| | 35033 | b(for)e(g)e Fn(!)e Fw(q)p 807 1554 52 4 v(q)q(.)47 b(The)35 |
| | 35034 | b(form)m(ulae)d(are)i(giv)m(en)g(e.g.)47 b(in)33 b(ref.)47 |
| | 35035 | b([W)-8 b(eb86)q(],)34 b(as)g(simple)e(functions)i(of)0 |
| | 35036 | 1715 y(the)28 b Fj(z)j Fw(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(at)g(the)g(v)m(ertex)i |
| | 35037 | (where)f(the)g(gluon)e(is)h(pro)s(duced)h(and)f(of)f(the)i |
| | 35038 | Fj(z)k Fw(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(when)j(it)d(branc)m(hes.)0 |
| | 35039 | 1823 y(Also)34 b(coherence)j(phenomena)d(lead)g(to)h(non-isotropic)e |
| | 35040 | (azim)m(uthal)f(distributions)h([W)-8 b(eb86)q(],)35 |
| | 35041 | b(whic)m(h)0 1932 y(are)j(included)f(as)h(a)g(further)g(option.)59 |
| | 35042 | b(In)38 b(either)f(case)i(the)f Fj(')g Fw(azim)m(uthal)e(v)-5 |
| | 35043 | b(ariable)36 b(is)i(\014rst)g(c)m(hosen)0 2040 y(isotropically)-8 |
| | 35044 | b(,)27 b(then)j(the)g(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(factor)f(due)i(to)e(p)s |
| | 35045 | (olarization)d(times)j(coherence)i(is)e(ev)-5 b(aluated,)30 |
| | 35046 | b(and)0 2148 y(the)i Fj(')g Fw(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)h(accepted)h(or)f |
| | 35047 | (rejected.)44 b(In)33 b(case)f(of)g(rejection,)g(a)f(new)i |
| | 35048 | Fj(')f Fw(is)f(generated,)i(and)f(so)g(on.)146 2257 y(While)38 |
| | 35049 | b(the)h(rule)f(is)f(to)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(an)g(initial)34 |
| | 35050 | b(pair)k(of)g(partons,)i(there)f(are)g(a)f(few)h(examples)f(where)0 |
| | 35051 | 2365 y(one)e(or)f(three)h(partons)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(allo)m(w) |
| | 35052 | m(ed)e(to)h(sho)m(w)m(er.)54 b(If)35 b(only)g(one)h(parton)f(is)g(giv)m |
| | 35053 | (en,)h(it)f(is)g(not)0 2473 y(p)s(ossible)c(to)g(conserv)m(e)j(b)s(oth) |
| | 35054 | e(energy)g(and)g(momen)m(tum.)42 b(The)32 b(c)m(hoice)g(has)g(b)s(een)h |
| | 35055 | (made)e(to)g(conserv)m(e)0 2582 y(energy)41 b(and)f(jet)g(direction,)h |
| | 35056 | (but)f(the)h(momen)m(tum)d(v)m(ector)k(is)d(scaled)h(do)m(wn)h(when)g |
| | 35057 | (the)g(radiating)0 2690 y(parton)36 b(acquires)h(a)f(mass.)55 |
| | 35058 | b(The)37 b(`rest)h(frame)d(of)h(the)h(system',)h(used)g(e.g.)55 |
| | 35059 | b(in)36 b(the)g Fj(z)42 b Fw(de\014nition,)36 b(is)0 |
| | 35060 | 2798 y(tak)m(en)e(to)e(b)s(e)h(whatev)m(er)h(frame)e(the)h(jet)f(is)g |
| | 35061 | (giv)m(en)h(in.)146 2907 y(In)c(\007)f Fn(!)f Fw(ggg)i(deca)m(ys)h(and) |
| | 35062 | e(other)h(primary)e(three-parton)h(con\014gurations,)h(one)g(is)f(left) |
| | 35063 | f(with)h(the)0 3015 y(issue)e(ho)m(w)f(the)h(energy)g(sharing)e(v)-5 |
| | 35064 | b(ariables)24 b Fj(x)1673 3030 y Fl(1)1737 3015 y Fw(and)i |
| | 35065 | Fj(x)1975 3030 y Fl(2)2039 3015 y Fw(from)e(the)i(massless)f(matrix)e |
| | 35066 | (elemen)m(ts)j(should)0 3123 y(b)s(e)39 b(rein)m(terpreted)h(for)e(a)g |
| | 35067 | (massiv)m(e)h(three-parton)g(con\014guration.)61 b(W)-8 |
| | 35068 | b(e)39 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(made)e(the)h(arbitrary)0 3232 y(c)m(hoice)32 |
| | 35069 | b(of)f(preserving)h(the)f(energy)i(of)e(eac)m(h)h(parton,)f(whic)m(h)h |
| | 35070 | (means)g(that)f(relativ)m(e)f(angles)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)0 |
| | 35071 | 3340 y(the)c(original)d(partons)j(is)g(c)m(hanged.)42 |
| | 35072 | b(Mass)28 b(triplets)e(outside)h(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(phase)i(space)g |
| | 35073 | (are)f(rejected)0 3448 y(and)33 b(the)g(ev)m(olution)e(con)m(tin)m |
| | 35074 | (ued.)146 3557 y(Finally)-8 b(,)33 b(it)g(should)i(b)s(e)g(noted)g |
| | 35075 | (that)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(to)m(y)h(sho)m(w)m(er)g(mo)s(dels)d(are)i(included) |
| | 35076 | f(as)h(options.)49 b(One)0 3665 y(is)32 b(a)h(scalar)f(gluon)g(mo)s |
| | 35077 | (del,)f(in)h(whic)m(h)h(the)g(q)c Fn(!)e Fw(qg)35 b(branc)m(hing)d(k)m |
| | 35078 | (ernel)i(is)e(replaced)h(b)m(y)h Fj(P)3365 3680 y Fl(q)p |
| | 35079 | Fk(!)p Fl(qg)3550 3665 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))29 b(=)10 |
| | 35080 | 3744 y Fl(2)p 10 3760 36 4 v 10 3818 a(3)55 3783 y Fw(\(1)r |
| | 35081 | Fn(\000)r Fj(z)t Fw(\).)41 b(The)24 b(couplings)d(of)h(the)i(gluon,)f |
| | 35082 | (g)29 b Fn(!)e Fw(gg)d(and)f(g)28 b Fn(!)g Fw(q)p 2294 |
| | 35083 | 3731 52 4 v(q)q(,)c(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)g(left)e(as)g(free)h |
| | 35084 | (parameters,)0 3892 y(since)34 b(they)g(dep)s(end)g(on)f(the)h(colour)e |
| | 35085 | (structure)i(assumed)g(in)f(the)g(mo)s(del.)44 b(The)34 |
| | 35086 | b(sp)s(ectra)g(are)f(\015at)g(in)0 4000 y Fj(z)42 b Fw(for)37 |
| | 35087 | b(a)h(spin)f(0)g(gluon.)58 b(Higher-order)37 b(couplings)f(of)h(the)h |
| | 35088 | (t)m(yp)s(e)h(g)e Fn(!)f Fw(ggg)i(could)f(w)m(ell)g(con)m(tribute)0 |
| | 35089 | 4108 y(signi\014can)m(tly)-8 b(,)26 b(but)h(are)f(not)h(included.)41 |
| | 35090 | b(The)27 b(second)h(to)m(y)e(mo)s(del)f(is)h(an)g(Ab)s(elian)f(v)m |
| | 35091 | (ector)i(one.)42 b(In)27 b(this)0 4217 y(option)32 b(g)f |
| | 35092 | Fn(!)e Fw(gg)34 b(branc)m(hings)g(are)f(absen)m(t,)i(and)f(g)c |
| | 35093 | Fn(!)f Fw(q)p 2085 4164 V(q)34 b(ones)h(enhanced.)47 |
| | 35094 | b(More)34 b(precisely)-8 b(,)34 b(in)f(the)0 4325 y(splitting)i(k)m |
| | 35095 | (ernels,)k(eq.)57 b(\(128\),)37 b(the)g(Casimir)e(factors)i(are)g(c)m |
| | 35096 | (hanged)h(as)f(follo)m(ws:)51 b Fj(C)3184 4340 y Fh(F)3277 |
| | 35097 | 4325 y Fw(=)35 b(4)p Fj(=)p Fw(3)f Fn(!)h Fw(1,)0 4433 |
| | 35098 | y Fj(N)78 4448 y Fh(C)181 4433 y Fw(=)43 b(3)g Fn(!)g |
| | 35099 | Fw(0,)g Fj(T)711 4448 y Fh(R)813 4433 y Fw(=)g Fj(n)990 |
| | 35100 | 4448 y Fh(f)1035 4433 y Fj(=)p Fw(2)g Fn(!)g Fw(3)p Fj(n)1426 |
| | 35101 | 4448 y Fh(f)1471 4433 y Fw(.)71 b(When)43 b(using)e(either)h(of)f |
| | 35102 | (these)i(options,)h(one)e(should)f(b)s(e)0 4542 y(a)m(w)m(are)36 |
| | 35103 | b(that)e(also)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)g(other)f(comp)s(onen)m(ts)i |
| | 35104 | (in)e(principle)f(should)h(b)s(e)h(c)m(hanged,)i(from)c(the)0 |
| | 35105 | 4650 y(running)c(of)f Fj(\013)529 4665 y Fl(s)590 4650 |
| | 35106 | y Fw(to)h(the)h(whole)f(concept)h(of)e(fragmen)m(tation.)41 |
| | 35107 | b(One)29 b(should)g(therefore)h(not)f(tak)m(e)h(them)0 |
| | 35108 | 4758 y(to)s(o)i(seriously)-8 b(.)0 5032 y Fp(10.3)136 |
| | 35109 | b(Initial-State)47 b(Sho)l(w)l(ers)0 5205 y Fw(The)26 |
| | 35110 | b(initial-state)c(sho)m(w)m(e)k(algorithm)c(in)j Fm(Pythia)g |
| | 35111 | Fw(is)g(not)g(quite)g(as)g(sophisticated)g(as)h(the)f(\014nal-state)0 |
| | 35112 | 5313 y(one.)71 b(This)42 b(is)g(partly)f(b)s(ecause)i(initial-state)38 |
| | 35113 | b(radiation)i(is)h(less)h(w)m(ell)f(understo)s(o)s(d)h(theoretically)-8 |
| | 35114 | b(,)0 5422 y(partly)46 b(b)s(ecause)i(the)f(programming)c(task)k(is)f |
| | 35115 | (more)g(complicated)f(and)h(am)m(biguous.)85 b(Still,)47 |
| | 35116 | b(the)0 5530 y(program)39 b(at)i(disp)s(osal)e(is)i(kno)m(wn)h(to)e(do) |
| | 35117 | h(a)g(reasonably)g(go)s(o)s(d)e(job)i(of)f(describing)h(existing)f |
| | 35118 | (data,)0 5638 y(suc)m(h)34 b(as)f(Z)400 5602 y Fl(0)471 |
| | 35119 | 5638 y Fw(pro)s(duction)f(prop)s(erties)h(at)f(hadron)h(colliders)d |
| | 35120 | ([Sj\177)-49 b(o85].)1817 5953 y(199)p eop |
| | 35121 | %%Page: 200 206 |
| | 35122 | 200 205 bop 0 -18 a Fo(10.3.1)113 b(The)37 b(sho)m(w)m(er)h(structure)0 |
| | 35123 | 154 y Fw(A)43 b(fast)f(hadron)h(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(view)m(ed)h(as)e(a)h |
| | 35124 | (cloud)f(of)g(quasireal)g(partons.)74 b(Similarly)38 |
| | 35125 | b(a)k(fast)h(lepton)0 263 y(ma)m(y)30 b(b)s(e)h(view)m(ed)h(as)e |
| | 35126 | (surrounded)i(b)m(y)g(a)e(cloud)g(of)g(photons)h(and)g(partons;)g(in)f |
| | 35127 | (the)h(program)e(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)0 371 y(situations)36 |
| | 35128 | b(are)h(on)g(an)g(equal)f(fo)s(oting,)h(but)g(here)h(w)m(e)g(c)m(ho)s |
| | 35129 | (ose)g(the)f(hadron)g(as)g(example.)56 b(A)m(t)38 b(eac)m(h)0 |
| | 35130 | 479 y(instan)m(t,)g(an)f(individual)d(parton)j(can)g(initiate)d(a)j |
| | 35131 | (virtual)e(cascade,)k(branc)m(hing)e(in)m(to)f(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g |
| | 35132 | (of)0 588 y(partons.)73 b(This)42 b(cascade)i(can)e(b)s(e)h(describ)s |
| | 35133 | (ed)g(in)e(terms)h(of)g(a)g(tree-lik)m(e)g(structure,)k(comp)s(osed)c |
| | 35134 | (of)0 696 y(man)m(y)c(subsequen)m(t)k(branc)m(hings)c |
| | 35135 | Fj(a)g Fn(!)f Fj(bc)p Fw(.)60 b(Eac)m(h)40 b(branc)m(hing)e(in)m(v)m |
| | 35136 | (olv)m(es)h(some)f(relativ)m(e)f(transv)m(erse)0 804 |
| | 35137 | y(momen)m(tum)25 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)g(daugh)m(ters.) |
| | 35138 | 43 b(In)26 b(a)g(language)g(where)h(four-momen)m(tum)d(is)i(conserv)m |
| | 35139 | (ed)0 913 y(at)j(eac)m(h)g(v)m(ertex,)j(this)c(implies)f(that)i(at)f |
| | 35140 | (least)h(one)g(of)f(the)h Fj(b)h Fw(and)f Fj(c)g Fw(partons)g(m)m(ust)g |
| | 35141 | (ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(space-lik)m(e)0 1021 y(virtualit)m(y)-8 |
| | 35142 | b(,)34 b Fj(m)538 985 y Fl(2)609 1021 y Fj(<)e Fw(0.)50 |
| | 35143 | b(Since)35 b(the)g(partons)h(are)f(not)f(on)h(the)g(mass)g(shell,)g |
| | 35144 | (the)h(cascade)g(only)e(liv)m(es)h(a)0 1129 y(\014nite)28 |
| | 35145 | b(time)e(b)s(efore)i(reassem)m(bling,)g(with)g(those)g(parts)g(of)g |
| | 35146 | (the)g(cascade)h(that)f(are)f(most)h(o\013)f(the)i(mass)0 |
| | 35147 | 1238 y(shell)j(living)e(the)j(shortest)h(time.)146 1346 |
| | 35148 | y(A)i(hard)g(scattering,)h(e.g.)54 b(in)35 b(deep)i(inelastic)d |
| | 35149 | (leptopro)s(duction,)i(will)e(prob)s(e)i(the)g(hadron)g(at)g(a)0 |
| | 35150 | 1454 y(giv)m(en)g(instan)m(t.)53 b(The)37 b(prob)s(e,)g(i.e.)52 |
| | 35151 | b(the)37 b(virtual)d(photon)i(in)f(the)h(leptopro)s(duction)f(case,)i |
| | 35152 | (is)f(able)f(to)0 1563 y(resolv)m(e)d(\015uctuations)f(in)g(the)h |
| | 35153 | (hadron)f(up)h(to)f(the)h Fj(Q)1960 1527 y Fl(2)2031 |
| | 35154 | 1563 y Fw(scale)f(of)g(the)h(hard)f(scattering.)43 b(Th)m(us)33 |
| | 35155 | b(prob)s(es)0 1671 y(at)h(di\013eren)m(t)h Fj(Q)585 1635 |
| | 35156 | y Fl(2)660 1671 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)34 b(will)f(seem)i(to)f(see)i |
| | 35157 | (di\013eren)m(t)f(parton)g(comp)s(ositions)d(in)i(the)i(hadron.)50 |
| | 35158 | b(The)0 1779 y(c)m(hange)33 b(in)f(parton)h(comp)s(osition)d(with)i |
| | 35159 | Fj(t)c Fw(=)f(ln\()p Fj(Q)1881 1743 y Fl(2)1920 1779 |
| | 35160 | y Fj(=)p Fw(\003)2037 1743 y Fl(2)2076 1779 y Fw(\))33 |
| | 35161 | b(is)f(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(ev)m(olution)f(equations)903 |
| | 35162 | 1967 y(d)p Fj(f)1005 1982 y Fh(b)1039 1967 y Fw(\()p |
| | 35163 | Fj(x;)17 b(t)p Fw(\))p 903 2012 347 4 v 1031 2103 a(d)p |
| | 35164 | Fj(t)1287 2035 y Fw(=)1391 1952 y Fg(X)1407 2126 y Fh(a;c)1527 |
| | 35165 | 1918 y Fg(Z)1637 1967 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)1746 1931 y Fk(0)p |
| | 35166 | 1637 2012 133 4 v 1664 2103 a Fj(x)1719 2074 y Fk(0)1796 |
| | 35167 | 2035 y Fj(f)1844 2050 y Fh(a)1886 2035 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1979 |
| | 35168 | 1994 y Fk(0)2003 2035 y Fj(;)g(t)p Fw(\))2146 1967 y |
| | 35169 | Fj(\013)2208 1982 y Fh(abc)p 2146 2012 165 4 v 2175 2103 |
| | 35170 | a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)2337 2035 y(P)2400 2050 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p |
| | 35171 | Fh(bc)2590 1914 y Fg(\022)2672 1967 y Fj(x)p 2661 2012 |
| | 35172 | 79 4 v 2661 2103 a(x)2716 2074 y Fk(0)2749 1914 y Fg(\023)2860 |
| | 35173 | 2035 y Fj(:)670 b Fw(\(145\))0 2311 y(Here)24 b(the)f |
| | 35174 | Fj(f)427 2326 y Fh(i)456 2311 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(t)p |
| | 35175 | Fw(\))23 b(are)g(the)h(parton-distribution)c(functions,)25 |
| | 35176 | b(expressing)g(the)e(probabilit)m(y)e(of)i(\014nding)0 |
| | 35177 | 2419 y(a)h(parton)f Fj(i)h Fw(carrying)f(a)h(fraction)e |
| | 35178 | Fj(x)j Fw(of)e(the)h(total)e(momen)m(tum)h(if)f(the)j(hadron)e(is)h |
| | 35179 | (prob)s(ed)g(at)f(virtualit)m(y)0 2527 y Fj(Q)77 2491 |
| | 35180 | y Fl(2)117 2527 y Fw(.)52 b(The)37 b Fj(P)463 2542 y |
| | 35181 | Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)636 2527 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))f(are)g(giv)m(en)g |
| | 35182 | (in)e(eq.)j(\(128\).)52 b(As)36 b(b)s(efore,)h Fj(\013)2330 |
| | 35183 | 2542 y Fh(abc)2468 2527 y Fw(is)e Fj(\013)2631 2542 y |
| | 35184 | Fl(s)2698 2527 y Fw(for)h(QCD)f(sho)m(w)m(er)i(and)f |
| | 35185 | Fj(\013)3685 2542 y Fl(em)0 2636 y Fw(for)c(QED)g(ones.)146 |
| | 35186 | 2744 y(Eq.)41 b(\(145\))d(is)i(closely)f(related)g(to)g(eq.)h(\(127\):) |
| | 35187 | 57 b(d)p Fn(P)2066 2759 y Fh(a)2148 2744 y Fw(describ)s(es)40 |
| | 35188 | b(the)g(probabilit)m(y)e(that)h(a)g(giv)m(en)0 2852 y(parton)25 |
| | 35189 | b Fj(a)g Fw(will)e(branc)m(h)k(\(in)m(to)d(partons)i |
| | 35190 | Fj(b)f Fw(and)h Fj(c)p Fw(\),)g(d)p Fj(f)1934 2867 y |
| | 35191 | Fh(b)1994 2852 y Fw(the)g(in\015ux)f(of)g(partons)h Fj(b)f |
| | 35192 | Fw(from)f(the)i(branc)m(hings)0 2961 y(of)31 b(partons)h |
| | 35193 | Fj(a)p Fw(.)43 b(\(The)32 b(expression)h(d)p Fj(f)1391 |
| | 35194 | 2976 y Fh(b)1457 2961 y Fw(in)e(principle)e(also)i(should)g(con)m(tain) |
| | 35195 | g(a)g(loss)g(term)g(for)g(partons)0 3069 y Fj(b)47 b |
| | 35196 | Fw(that)f(branc)m(h;)55 b(this)46 b(term)g(is)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)f(for)h |
| | 35197 | (parton-distribution)e(ev)m(olution,)49 b(but)e(do)s(es)g(not)0 |
| | 35198 | 3177 y(app)s(ear)35 b(explicitly)e(in)h(what)i(w)m(e)g(shall)d(b)s(e)j |
| | 35199 | (using)e(eq.)52 b(\(145\))34 b(for.\))50 b(The)36 b(absolute)f(form)f |
| | 35200 | (of)g(hadron)0 3286 y(parton)44 b(distributions)f(cannot)i(b)s(e)g |
| | 35201 | (predicted)g(in)f(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)g(QCD,)h(but)g(rather)f(ha)m(v)m |
| | 35202 | (e)i(to)e(b)s(e)0 3394 y(parametrized)c(at)h(some)g Fj(Q)1057 |
| | 35203 | 3409 y Fl(0)1137 3394 y Fw(scale,)j(with)c(the)i Fj(Q)1893 |
| | 35204 | 3358 y Fl(2)1973 3394 y Fw(dep)s(endence)i(thereafter)d(giv)m(en)g(b)m |
| | 35205 | (y)h(eq.)g(\(145\).)0 3502 y(Av)-5 b(ailable)36 b(parametrizations)h |
| | 35206 | (are)i(discussed)h(in)e(section)h(7.1.)62 b(The)40 b(lepton)e(and)h |
| | 35207 | (photon)g(parton)0 3611 y(distributions)30 b(inside)g(a)h(lepton)f(can) |
| | 35208 | h(b)s(e)h(fully)d(predicted,)j(but)f(here)h(for)f(simplicit)m(y)d(are)j |
| | 35209 | (treated)h(on)0 3719 y(equal)g(fo)s(oting)f(with)h(hadron)h(parton)f |
| | 35210 | (distributions.)146 3827 y(If)42 b(a)f(hard)h(in)m(teraction)f |
| | 35211 | (scatters)h(a)g(parton)f(out)h(of)f(the)h(incoming)d(hadron,)44 |
| | 35212 | b(the)e(`coherence')0 3936 y([Gri83)n(])c(of)e(the)i(cascade)h(is)e |
| | 35213 | (brok)m(en:)54 b(the)38 b(partons)f(can)h(no)f(longer)f(reassem)m(ble)i |
| | 35214 | (completely)e(bac)m(k)0 4044 y(to)h(the)h(cascade-initiating)c(parton.) |
| | 35215 | 57 b(In)38 b(this)f(semiclassical)e(picture,)j(the)g(partons)f(on)g |
| | 35216 | (the)h(`main)0 4152 y(c)m(hain')31 b(of)g(consecutiv)m(e)i(branc)m |
| | 35217 | (hings)e(that)g(lead)g(directly)f(from)g(the)i(initiating)27 |
| | 35218 | b(parton)k(to)g(the)g(scat-)0 4261 y(tered)f(parton)f(can)h(no)g |
| | 35219 | (longer)e(reassem)m(ble,)j(whereas)g(\015uctuations)e(on)h(the)g(`side) |
| | 35220 | f(branc)m(hes')j(to)d(this)0 4369 y(c)m(hain)k(ma)m(y)g(still)f(disapp) |
| | 35221 | s(ear.)45 b(A)34 b(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)h(description)e(is)g(obtained)g |
| | 35222 | (b)m(y)h(assigning)e(a)i(space-lik)m(e)0 4478 y(virtualit)m(y)h(to)h |
| | 35223 | (the)g(partons)h(on)f(the)h(main)e(c)m(hain,)i(in)e(suc)m(h)j(a)e(w)m |
| | 35224 | (a)m(y)i(that)e(the)h(partons)f(on)h(the)f(side)0 4586 |
| | 35225 | y(branc)m(hes)29 b(ma)m(y)f(still)d(b)s(e)i(on)h(the)g(mass)f(shell.)41 |
| | 35226 | b(Since)28 b(the)g(momen)m(tum)e(transfer)i(of)f(the)h(hard)f(pro)s |
| | 35227 | (cess)0 4694 y(can)36 b(put)h(the)g(scattered)g(parton)f(on)g(the)h |
| | 35228 | (mass)f(shell)f(\(or)h(ev)m(en)i(giv)m(e)e(it)f(a)h(time-lik)m(e)e |
| | 35229 | (virtualit)m(y)-8 b(,)35 b(so)0 4803 y(that)h(it)g(can)g(initiate)e(a)j |
| | 35230 | (\014nal-state)e(sho)m(w)m(er\),)k(one)e(is)f(then)h(guaran)m(teed)h |
| | 35231 | (that)e(no)g(partons)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)0 4911 y(space-lik)m(e)g |
| | 35232 | (virtualit)m(y)f(in)h(the)h(\014nal)e(state.)62 b(\(In)39 |
| | 35233 | b(real)e(life,)i(con\014nemen)m(t)g(e\013ects)h(ob)m(viously)e(imply)0 |
| | 35234 | 5019 y(that)31 b(partons)h(need)h(not)e(b)s(e)h(quite)f(on)g(the)h |
| | 35235 | (mass)g(shell.\))42 b(If)31 b(no)h(hard)f(scattering)h(had)f(tak)m(en)i |
| | 35236 | (place,)0 5128 y(the)39 b(virtualit)m(y)e(of)i(the)g(space-lik)m(e)g |
| | 35237 | (parton)f(line)g(w)m(ould)g(still)f(force)i(the)g(complete)f(cascade)i |
| | 35238 | (to)f(re-)0 5236 y(assem)m(ble.)45 b(Since)34 b(the)f(virtualit)m(y)f |
| | 35239 | (of)g(the)i(cascade)g(prob)s(ed)g(is)e(carried)h(b)m(y)h(one)g(single)e |
| | 35240 | (parton,)h(it)f(is)0 5344 y(p)s(ossible)27 b(to)h(equate)g(the)h |
| | 35241 | (space-lik)m(e)e(virtualit)m(y)f(of)i(this)f(parton)h(with)f(the)h |
| | 35242 | Fj(Q)2866 5308 y Fl(2)2934 5344 y Fw(scale)g(of)f(the)h(cascade,)0 |
| | 35243 | 5453 y(to)g(b)s(e)h(used)h(e.g.)42 b(in)28 b(the)h(ev)m(olution)e |
| | 35244 | (equations.)43 b(F)-8 b(urther,)29 b(coherence)h(e\013ects)g([Gri83)n |
| | 35245 | (,)f(Bas83])f(guar-)0 5561 y(an)m(tee)38 b(that)g(the)g |
| | 35246 | Fj(Q)729 5525 y Fl(2)806 5561 y Fw(v)-5 b(aules)37 b(of)h(the)g |
| | 35247 | (partons)f(along)g(the)h(main)d(c)m(hain)j(are)f(strictly)g(ordered,)j |
| | 35248 | (with)0 5669 y(the)33 b(largest)f Fj(Q)560 5633 y Fl(2)632 |
| | 35249 | 5669 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(close)f(to)g(the)h(hard)g(scattering.)1817 |
| | 35250 | 5953 y(200)p eop |
| | 35251 | %%Page: 201 207 |
| | 35252 | 201 206 bop 146 -18 a Fw(In)40 b(recen)m(t)h(y)m(ears,)i(further)d |
| | 35253 | (coherence)i(e\013ects)f(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)f(studied)g([Cia87)o(],)i |
| | 35254 | (with)d(particular)0 90 y(implications)h(for)k(the)g(structure)h(of)f |
| | 35255 | (parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(at)d(small)f Fj(x)p Fw(.)78 |
| | 35256 | b(None)45 b(of)e(these)i(additional)0 198 y(complications)f(are)j |
| | 35257 | (implemen)m(ted)e(in)h(the)h(curren)m(t)h(algorithm,)f(with)f(the)h |
| | 35258 | (exception)g(of)g(a)f(few)0 307 y(rather)33 b(primitiv)m(e)d(options)i |
| | 35259 | (that)g(do)h(not)f(address)i(the)f(full)e(complexit)m(y)h(of)g(the)h |
| | 35260 | (problem.)146 415 y(Instead)38 b(of)e(ha)m(ving)g(a)g(tree-lik)m(e)f |
| | 35261 | (structure,)k(where)e(all)e(legs)h(are)g(treated)h(demo)s(cratically)-8 |
| | 35262 | b(,)34 b(the)0 523 y(cascade)h(is)e(reduced)i(to)f(a)f(single)g |
| | 35263 | (sequence)j(of)d(branc)m(hings)h Fj(a)c Fn(!)f Fj(bc)p |
| | 35264 | Fw(,)35 b(where)f(the)h Fj(a)e Fw(and)h Fj(b)g Fw(partons)0 |
| | 35265 | 632 y(are)k(on)h(the)g(main)e(c)m(hain)h(of)g(space-lik)m(e)g |
| | 35266 | (virtualit)m(y)-8 b(,)39 b Fj(m)2102 595 y Fl(2)2102 |
| | 35267 | 656 y Fh(a;b)2231 632 y Fj(<)f Fw(0,)h(while)f(the)h |
| | 35268 | Fj(c)f Fw(partons)h(are)g(on)f(the)0 752 y(mass)g(shell)f(and)h(do)f |
| | 35269 | (not)h(branc)m(h.)60 b(\(Later)37 b(w)m(e)i(will)d(include)h(the)h(p)s |
| | 35270 | (ossibilit)m(y)e(that)h(the)i Fj(c)e Fw(partons)0 860 |
| | 35271 | y(ma)m(y)d(ha)m(v)m(e)h(p)s(ositiv)m(e)e(virtualities,)f |
| | 35272 | Fj(m)1406 824 y Fl(2)1406 885 y Fh(c)1476 860 y Fj(>)d |
| | 35273 | Fw(0,)34 b(whic)m(h)h(leads)f(to)f(the)h(app)s(earance)h(of)e(time-lik) |
| | 35274 | m(e)f(`\014nal-)0 969 y(state')24 b(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(on)e(the)g |
| | 35275 | (side)g(branc)m(hes.\))42 b(This)24 b(truncation)f(of)g(the)i(cascade)g |
| | 35276 | (is)e(only)g(p)s(ossible)0 1077 y(when)28 b(it)e(is)g(kno)m(wn)j(whic)m |
| | 35277 | (h)e(parton)g(actually)e(partak)m(es)k(in)d(the)h(hard)g(scattering:)40 |
| | 35278 | b(of)27 b(all)e(the)i(p)s(ossible)0 1186 y(cascades)34 |
| | 35279 | b(that)f(exist)g(virtually)d(in)i(the)h(incoming)d(hadron,)j(the)g |
| | 35280 | (hard)g(scattering)f(will)e(select)j(one.)146 1294 y(T)-8 |
| | 35281 | b(o)32 b(obtain)g(the)g(correct)h Fj(Q)1162 1258 y Fl(2)1234 |
| | 35282 | 1294 y Fw(ev)m(olution)e(of)g(parton)h(distributions,)f(e.g.,)i(it)e |
| | 35283 | (is)h(essen)m(tial)g(that)g(all)0 1402 y(branc)m(hes)38 |
| | 35284 | b(of)e(the)g(cascade)i(b)s(e)e(treated)h(demo)s(cratically)-8 |
| | 35285 | b(.)52 b(In)36 b(Mon)m(te)h(Carlo)f(sim)m(ulation)d(of)j(space-)0 |
| | 35286 | 1511 y(lik)m(e)28 b(sho)m(w)m(ers)j(this)e(is)g(a)f(ma)5 |
| | 35287 | b(jor)28 b(problem.)41 b(If)29 b(indeed)g(the)h(ev)m(olution)e(of)g |
| | 35288 | (the)i(complete)e(cascade)i(is)f(to)0 1619 y(b)s(e)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)f |
| | 35289 | (from)f(some)i(small)d Fj(Q)1297 1583 y Fl(2)1297 1644 |
| | 35290 | y(0)1365 1619 y Fw(up)j(to)f(the)i Fj(Q)1859 1583 y Fl(2)1927 |
| | 35291 | 1619 y Fw(scale)e(of)h(the)g(hard)f(scattering,)i(it)d(is)i(no)f(p)s |
| | 35292 | (ossible)0 1727 y(at)j(the)g(same)g(time)f(to)h(handle)g(kinematics)f |
| | 35293 | (exactly)-8 b(,)32 b(since)g(the)f(virtualit)m(y)f(of)g(the)i(v)-5 |
| | 35294 | b(arious)30 b(partons)0 1836 y(cannot)35 b(b)s(e)g(found)g(un)m(til)e |
| | 35295 | (after)i(the)g(hard)g(scattering)f(has)i(b)s(een)f(selected.)51 |
| | 35296 | b(This)35 b(kind)g(of)f(`forw)m(ard)0 1944 y(ev)m(olution')24 |
| | 35297 | b(sc)m(heme)i(therefore)g(requires)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(extra)i |
| | 35298 | (tric)m(ks)f(to)g(b)s(e)g(made)g(to)f(w)m(ork.)42 b(F)-8 |
| | 35299 | b(urther,)0 2052 y(in)31 b(this)g(approac)m(h)h(it)f(is)g(not)h(kno)m |
| | 35300 | (wn)h(e.g.)43 b(what)32 b(the)k(^)-53 b Fj(s)32 b Fw(of)f(the)h(hard)g |
| | 35301 | (scattering)f(subsystem)j(will)29 b(b)s(e)0 2161 y(un)m(til)g(the)i(ev) |
| | 35302 | m(olution)e(has)i(b)s(een)g(carried)f(out,)g(whic)m(h)h(means)g(that)f |
| | 35303 | (the)g(initial-state)d(ev)m(olution)i(and)0 2269 y(the)k(hard)g |
| | 35304 | (scattering)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(selected)h(join)m(tly)-8 |
| | 35305 | b(,)31 b(a)h(not)g(so)h(trivial)d(task.)146 2377 y(Instead)24 |
| | 35306 | b(w)m(e)g(use)g(the)g(`bac)m(kw)m(ards)h(ev)m(olution')d(approac)m(h)h |
| | 35307 | ([Sj\177)-49 b(o85],)25 b(in)d(whic)m(h)h(the)h(hard)f(scattering)0 |
| | 35308 | 2486 y(is)41 b(\014rst)g(selected,)j(and)d(the)h(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er) |
| | 35309 | h(that)f(preceded)i(it)d(is)h(subsequen)m(tly)i(reconstructed.)0 |
| | 35310 | 2594 y(This)37 b(reconstruction)g(is)g(started)g(at)g(the)g(hard)g(in)m |
| | 35311 | (teraction,)g(at)f(the)h Fj(Q)2732 2558 y Fl(2)2732 2619 |
| | 35312 | y(max)2905 2594 y Fw(scale,)h(and)f(thereafter)0 2702 |
| | 35313 | y(step)k(b)m(y)h(step)f(one)g(mo)m(v)m(es)h(`bac)m(kw)m(ards')g(in)e |
| | 35314 | (`time',)i(to)m(w)m(ards)f(smaller)e Fj(Q)2823 2666 y |
| | 35315 | Fl(2)2862 2702 y Fw(,)k(all)c(the)h(w)m(a)m(y)i(bac)m(k)g(to)0 |
| | 35316 | 2811 y(the)36 b(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)g(initiator)c(at)j(the)g(cut-o\013) |
| | 35317 | g(scale)g Fj(Q)2104 2775 y Fl(2)2104 2835 y(0)2144 2811 |
| | 35318 | y Fw(.)51 b(This)36 b(pro)s(cedure)g(is)f(p)s(ossible)f(if)g(ev)m(olv)m |
| | 35319 | (ed)0 2919 y(parton)43 b(distributions)f(are)h(used)i(to)e(select)h |
| | 35320 | (the)g(hard)f(scattering,)j(since)e(the)g Fj(f)3105 2934 |
| | 35321 | y Fh(i)3133 2919 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(Q)3347 2883 y Fl(2)3387 |
| | 35322 | 2919 y Fw(\))43 b(con)m(tain)0 3027 y(the)c(inclusiv)m(e)f(summation)f |
| | 35323 | (of)h(all)e(initial-state)f(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)40 b(histories)e(that)g |
| | 35324 | (can)h(lead)f(to)g(the)0 3136 y(app)s(earance)f(of)e(an)h(in)m |
| | 35325 | (teracting)g(parton)f Fj(i)i Fw(at)f(the)g(hard)g(scale.)55 |
| | 35326 | b(What)36 b(remains)f(is)h(th)m(us)h(to)f(select)0 3244 |
| | 35327 | y(an)c(exclusiv)m(e)i(history)f(from)e(the)i(set)g(of)f(inclusiv)m(e)g |
| | 35328 | (ones.)0 3492 y Fo(10.3.2)113 b(Longitudinal)36 b(ev)m(olution)0 |
| | 35329 | 3664 y Fw(The)43 b(ev)m(olution)f(equations,)j(eq.)e(\(145\),)i |
| | 35330 | (express)f(that,)h(during)d(a)g(small)e(increase)j(d)p |
| | 35331 | Fj(t)g Fw(there)g(is)f(a)0 3773 y(probabilit)m(y)f(for)h(parton)g |
| | 35332 | Fj(a)h Fw(with)f(momen)m(tum)f(fraction)h Fj(x)2266 3737 |
| | 35333 | y Fk(0)2332 3773 y Fw(to)h(b)s(ecome)f(resolv)m(ed)i(in)m(to)e(parton)g |
| | 35334 | Fj(b)0 3881 y Fw(at)c Fj(x)f Fw(=)g Fj(z)t(x)434 3845 |
| | 35335 | y Fk(0)496 3881 y Fw(and)h(another)g(parton)g Fj(c)g |
| | 35336 | Fw(at)f Fj(x)1633 3845 y Fk(0)1683 3881 y Fn(\000)26 |
| | 35337 | b Fj(x)38 b Fw(=)e(\(1)26 b Fn(\000)g Fj(z)t Fw(\))p |
| | 35338 | Fj(x)2349 3845 y Fk(0)2374 3881 y Fw(.)59 b(Corresp)s(ondingly)-8 |
| | 35339 | b(,)39 b(in)e(bac)m(kw)m(ards)0 3989 y(ev)m(olution,)28 |
| | 35340 | b(during)f(a)h(decrease)h(d)p Fj(t)f Fw(a)g(parton)g |
| | 35341 | Fj(b)g Fw(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(`unresolv)m(ed')i(in)m(to)d(parton)g |
| | 35342 | Fj(a)p Fw(.)42 b(The)29 b(relativ)m(e)0 4098 y(probabilit)m(y)23 |
| | 35343 | b(d)p Fn(P)614 4113 y Fh(b)674 4098 y Fw(for)i(this)g(to)g(happ)s(en)h |
| | 35344 | (is)f(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)i(the)e(ratio)f(d)p Fj(f)2403 |
| | 35345 | 4113 y Fh(b)2438 4098 y Fj(=f)2535 4113 y Fh(b)2569 4098 |
| | 35346 | y Fw(.)41 b(Using)25 b(eq.)h(\(145\))e(one)i(obtains)649 |
| | 35347 | 4373 y(d)p Fn(P)772 4388 y Fh(b)835 4373 y Fw(=)948 4305 |
| | 35348 | y(d)p Fj(f)1050 4320 y Fh(b)1085 4305 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 |
| | 35349 | b(t)p Fw(\))p 948 4350 347 4 v 975 4441 a Fj(f)1023 4456 |
| | 35350 | y Fh(b)1058 4441 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)g(t)p Fw(\))1333 4373 |
| | 35351 | y(=)27 b Fn(j)p Fw(d)p Fj(t)p Fn(j)1614 4290 y Fg(X)1630 |
| | 35352 | 4464 y Fh(a;c)1751 4256 y Fg(Z)1860 4305 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)1969 |
| | 35353 | 4269 y Fk(0)p 1860 4350 133 4 v 1888 4441 a Fj(x)1943 |
| | 35354 | 4412 y Fk(0)2030 4305 y Fj(f)2078 4320 y Fh(a)2120 4305 |
| | 35355 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2213 4269 y Fk(0)2236 4305 y Fj(;)17 b(t)p |
| | 35356 | Fw(\))p 2030 4350 324 4 v 2045 4441 a Fj(f)2093 4456 |
| | 35357 | y Fh(b)2128 4441 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)g(t)p Fw(\))2390 4305 |
| | 35358 | y Fj(\013)2452 4320 y Fh(abc)p 2390 4350 165 4 v 2418 |
| | 35359 | 4441 a Fw(2)p Fj(\031)2581 4373 y(P)2644 4388 y Fh(a)p |
| | 35360 | Fk(!)p Fh(bc)2833 4252 y Fg(\022)2916 4305 y Fj(x)p 2904 |
| | 35361 | 4350 79 4 v 2904 4441 a(x)2959 4412 y Fk(0)2993 4252 |
| | 35362 | y Fg(\023)3103 4373 y Fj(:)427 b Fw(\(146\))0 4662 y(Summing)30 |
| | 35363 | b(up)i(the)g(cum)m(ulativ)m(e)g(e\013ect)g(of)g(man)m(y)f(small)f(c)m |
| | 35364 | (hanges)j(d)p Fj(t)p Fw(,)g(the)f(probabilit)m(y)e(for)h(no)h(radi-)0 |
| | 35365 | 4771 y(ation)f(exp)s(onen)m(tiates.)45 b(Therefore)34 |
| | 35366 | b(one)e(ma)m(y)h(de\014ne)h(a)e(form)f(factor)310 5048 |
| | 35367 | y Fj(S)370 5063 y Fh(b)404 5048 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(t)576 |
| | 35368 | 5063 y Fl(max)712 5048 y Fj(;)g(t)p Fw(\))83 b(=)g(exp)1236 |
| | 35369 | 4901 y Fg(\()1303 5048 y Fn(\000)1397 4930 y Fg(Z)1480 |
| | 35370 | 4957 y Fh(t)1505 4965 y Ff(max)1443 5119 y Fh(t)1643 |
| | 35371 | 5048 y Fw(d)p Fj(t)1732 5006 y Fk(0)1789 4965 y Fg(X)1805 |
| | 35372 | 5139 y Fh(a;c)1925 4930 y Fg(Z)2035 4980 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)2144 |
| | 35373 | 4944 y Fk(0)p 2035 5024 133 4 v 2062 5116 a Fj(x)2117 |
| | 35374 | 5087 y Fk(0)2204 4980 y Fj(f)2252 4995 y Fh(a)2294 4980 |
| | 35375 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2387 4944 y Fk(0)2411 4980 y Fj(;)17 b(t)2490 |
| | 35376 | 4944 y Fk(0)2513 4980 y Fw(\))p 2204 5024 347 4 v 2219 |
| | 35377 | 5116 a Fj(f)2267 5131 y Fh(b)2302 5116 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)g(t)2474 |
| | 35378 | 5087 y Fk(0)2498 5116 y Fw(\))2588 4980 y Fj(\013)2650 |
| | 35379 | 4995 y Fh(abc)2752 4980 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)2825 4944 y Fk(0)2848 |
| | 35380 | 4980 y Fw(\))p 2588 5024 299 4 v 2683 5116 a(2)p Fj(\031)2913 |
| | 35381 | 5048 y(P)2976 5063 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)3165 4926 y |
| | 35382 | Fg(\022)3248 4980 y Fj(x)p 3236 5024 79 4 v 3236 5116 |
| | 35383 | a(x)3291 5087 y Fk(0)3325 4926 y Fg(\023)3386 4901 y(\))912 |
| | 35384 | 5343 y Fw(=)83 b(exp)1236 5197 y Fg(\()1303 5343 y Fn(\000)1397 |
| | 35385 | 5226 y Fg(Z)1480 5252 y Fh(t)1505 5260 y Ff(max)1443 |
| | 35386 | 5414 y Fh(t)1643 5343 y Fw(d)p Fj(t)1732 5302 y Fk(0)1789 |
| | 35387 | 5260 y Fg(X)1805 5434 y Fh(a;c)1925 5226 y Fg(Z)2025 |
| | 35388 | 5343 y Fw(d)p Fj(z)2156 5275 y(\013)2218 5290 y Fh(abc)2320 |
| | 35389 | 5275 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)2393 5239 y Fk(0)2416 5275 y Fw(\))p |
| | 35390 | 2156 5319 299 4 v 2251 5411 a(2)p Fj(\031)2481 5343 y(P)2544 |
| | 35391 | 5358 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)2717 5343 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t |
| | 35392 | Fw(\))2869 5275 y Fj(x)2924 5239 y Fk(0)2948 5275 y Fj(f)2996 |
| | 35393 | 5290 y Fh(a)3037 5275 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)3130 5239 y Fk(0)3154 |
| | 35394 | 5275 y Fj(;)17 b(t)3233 5239 y Fk(0)3256 5275 y Fw(\))p |
| | 35395 | 2869 5319 426 4 v 2896 5411 a Fj(xf)2999 5426 y Fh(b)3034 |
| | 35396 | 5411 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)g(t)3206 5382 y Fk(0)3229 5411 y |
| | 35397 | Fw(\))3304 5197 y Fg(\))3420 5343 y Fj(;)110 b Fw(\(147\))0 |
| | 35398 | 5632 y(giving)31 b(the)i(probabilit)m(y)e(that)h(a)g(parton)h |
| | 35399 | Fj(b)f Fw(remains)g(at)g Fj(x)h Fw(from)f Fj(t)2474 5647 |
| | 35400 | y Fl(max)2642 5632 y Fw(to)g(a)g Fj(t)c(<)g(t)3044 5647 |
| | 35401 | y Fl(max)3180 5632 y Fw(.)1817 5953 y(201)p eop |
| | 35402 | %%Page: 202 208 |
| | 35403 | 202 207 bop 146 -18 a Fw(It)36 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(useful)f(to)g |
| | 35404 | (compare)g(this)h(with)f(the)h(corresp)s(onding)f(expression)i(for)e |
| | 35405 | (forw)m(ard)g(ev)m(o-)0 90 y(lution,)44 b(i.e.)74 b(with)42 |
| | 35406 | b Fj(S)813 105 y Fh(a)855 90 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)p Fw(\))h(in)f(eq.)i |
| | 35407 | (\(130\).)74 b(The)44 b(most)e(ob)m(vious)h(di\013erence)h(is)e(the)h |
| | 35408 | (app)s(earance)h(of)0 198 y(parton)39 b(distributions)e(in)i |
| | 35409 | Fj(S)1078 213 y Fh(b)1112 198 y Fw(.)63 b(P)m(arton)39 |
| | 35410 | b(distributions)e(are)i(absen)m(t)i(in)d Fj(S)2771 213 |
| | 35411 | y Fh(a)2813 198 y Fw(:)56 b(the)39 b(probabilit)m(y)e(for)i(a)0 |
| | 35412 | 307 y(giv)m(en)c(parton)g Fj(a)g Fw(to)f(branc)m(h,)i(once)g(it)e |
| | 35413 | (exists,)i(is)e(indep)s(enden)m(t)j(of)d(the)h(densit)m(y)h(of)e |
| | 35414 | (partons)h Fj(a)g Fw(or)g Fj(b)p Fw(.)0 415 y(The)i(parton)f |
| | 35415 | (distributions)f(in)g Fj(S)1273 430 y Fh(b)1307 415 y |
| | 35416 | Fw(,)j(on)e(the)g(other)h(hand,)g(express)h(the)f(fact)f(that)g(the)g |
| | 35417 | (probabilit)m(y)0 523 y(for)30 b(a)h(parton)g Fj(b)g |
| | 35418 | Fw(to)g(come)g(from)e(the)j(branc)m(hing)f(of)f(a)h(parton)g |
| | 35419 | Fj(a)g Fw(is)f(prop)s(ortional)f(to)h(the)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)0 |
| | 35420 | 632 y(partons)f Fj(a)h Fw(there)g(are)f(in)f(the)i(hadron,)g(and)f(in)m |
| | 35421 | (v)m(ersely)h(prop)s(ortional)d(to)i(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f |
| | 35422 | (partons)g Fj(b)p Fw(.)0 740 y(Th)m(us)39 b(the)e(n)m(umerator)g |
| | 35423 | Fj(f)951 755 y Fh(a)1030 740 y Fw(in)g(the)g(exp)s(onen)m(tial)g(of)g |
| | 35424 | Fj(S)2025 755 y Fh(b)2096 740 y Fw(ensures)i(that)e(the)h(parton)f |
| | 35425 | (comp)s(osition)e(of)0 848 y(the)30 b(hadron)f(is)f(prop)s(erly)h |
| | 35426 | (re\015ected.)44 b(As)30 b(an)f(example,)g(when)i(a)d(gluon)h(is)f(c)m |
| | 35427 | (hosen)j(at)e(the)g(hard)g(scat-)0 957 y(tering)h(and)h(ev)m(olv)m(ed)h |
| | 35428 | (bac)m(kw)m(ards,)i(this)c(gluon)g(is)h(more)f(lik)m(ely)g(to)g(ha)m(v) |
| | 35429 | m(e)i(b)s(een)g(emitted)e(b)m(y)i(a)e(u)h(than)0 1065 |
| | 35430 | y(b)m(y)37 b(a)f(d)g(if)e(the)j(incoming)c(hadron)j(is)g(a)g(proton.)53 |
| | 35431 | b(Similarly)-8 b(,)33 b(if)h(a)i(hea)m(vy)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)e(is)g(c)m |
| | 35432 | (hosen)h(at)f(the)0 1173 y(hard)e(scattering,)h(the)g(denominator)e |
| | 35433 | Fj(f)1498 1188 y Fh(b)1566 1173 y Fw(will)f(v)-5 b(anish)35 |
| | 35434 | b(at)f(the)g Fj(Q)2423 1137 y Fl(2)2497 1173 y Fw(threshold)h(of)f(the) |
| | 35435 | g(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)0 1282 y(pro)s(duction,)40 |
| | 35436 | b(whic)m(h)g(means)g(that)f(the)h(in)m(tegrand)f(div)m(erges)h(and)f |
| | 35437 | Fj(S)2596 1297 y Fh(b)2670 1282 y Fw(itself)f(v)-5 b(anishes,)42 |
| | 35438 | b(so)d(that)h(no)0 1390 y(hea)m(vy)34 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(remain)d(b)s |
| | 35439 | (elo)m(w)h(threshold.)146 1498 y(Another)44 b(di\013erence)f(b)s(et)m |
| | 35440 | (w)m(een)i Fj(S)1432 1513 y Fh(b)1509 1498 y Fw(and)e |
| | 35441 | Fj(S)1769 1513 y Fh(a)1811 1498 y Fw(,)i(already)e(touc)m(hed)h(up)s |
| | 35442 | (on,)h(is)e(that)f(the)h Fj(P)3471 1513 y Fl(g)q Fk(!)p |
| | 35443 | Fl(gg)3654 1498 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))0 1607 y(splitting)37 |
| | 35444 | b(k)m(ernel)j(app)s(ears)f(with)g(a)f(normalization)e(2)p |
| | 35445 | Fj(N)2121 1622 y Fh(C)2219 1607 y Fw(in)i Fj(S)2399 1622 |
| | 35446 | y Fh(b)2472 1607 y Fw(but)i(only)e(with)h Fj(N)3185 1622 |
| | 35447 | y Fh(C)3283 1607 y Fw(in)g Fj(S)3464 1622 y Fh(a)3505 |
| | 35448 | 1607 y Fw(,)i(since)0 1715 y(t)m(w)m(o)33 b(gluons)f(are)h(pro)s(duced) |
| | 35449 | g(but)g(only)f(one)h(deca)m(ys)i(in)c(a)i(branc)m(hing.)146 |
| | 35450 | 1823 y(A)40 b(kno)m(wledge)h(of)f Fj(S)917 1838 y Fh(b)991 |
| | 35451 | 1823 y Fw(is)g(enough)g(to)g(reconstruct)h(the)g(parton)e(sho)m(w)m(er) |
| | 35452 | j(bac)m(kw)m(ards.)68 b(A)m(t)41 b(eac)m(h)0 1932 y(branc)m(hing)31 |
| | 35453 | b Fj(a)d Fn(!)g Fj(bc)p Fw(,)k(three)g(quan)m(tities)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to) |
| | 35454 | e(b)s(e)h(found:)43 b(the)32 b Fj(t)g Fw(v)-5 b(alue)31 |
| | 35455 | b(of)g(the)h(branc)m(hing)f(\(whic)m(h)0 2040 y(de\014nes)42 |
| | 35456 | b(the)e(space-lik)m(e)h(virtualit)m(y)d Fj(Q)1466 2004 |
| | 35457 | y Fl(2)1466 2065 y Fh(b)1546 2040 y Fw(of)i(parton)f |
| | 35458 | Fj(b)p Fw(\),)k(the)e(parton)e(\015a)m(v)m(our)j Fj(a)e |
| | 35459 | Fw(and)g(the)h(splitting)0 2148 y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b |
| | 35460 | Fj(z)t Fw(.)44 b(This)33 b(information)c(ma)m(y)k(b)s(e)f(extracted)i |
| | 35461 | (as)f(follo)m(ws:)119 2261 y(1.)49 b(If)31 b(parton)g |
| | 35462 | Fj(b)h Fw(parto)s(ok)f(in)f(the)i(hard)f(scattering)g(or)g(branc)m(hed) |
| | 35463 | i(in)m(to)e(other)g(partons)h(at)e(a)h(scale)244 2370 |
| | 35464 | y Fj(t)279 2385 y Fl(max)415 2370 y Fw(,)f(the)f(probabilit)m(y)f(that) |
| | 35465 | h Fj(b)h Fw(w)m(as)g(pro)s(duced)g(in)e(a)i(branc)m(hing)f |
| | 35466 | Fj(a)f Fn(!)f Fj(bc)j Fw(at)f(a)g(lo)m(w)m(er)g(scale)g |
| | 35467 | Fj(t)h Fw(is)347 2577 y(d)p Fn(P)470 2592 y Fh(b)p 347 |
| | 35468 | 2621 158 4 v 381 2713 a Fw(d)p Fj(t)543 2644 y Fw(=)d |
| | 35469 | Fn(\000)733 2577 y Fw(d)p Fj(S)847 2592 y Fh(b)882 2577 |
| | 35470 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)17 b(t)1054 2592 y Fl(max)1190 2577 y |
| | 35471 | Fj(;)g(t)p Fw(\))p 733 2621 574 4 v 975 2713 a(d)p Fj(t)1344 |
| | 35472 | 2644 y Fw(=)1448 2498 y Fg( )1514 2561 y(X)1530 2736 |
| | 35473 | y Fh(a;c)1650 2527 y Fg(Z)1750 2644 y Fj(dz)1877 2577 |
| | 35474 | y(\013)1939 2592 y Fh(abc)2041 2577 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)2114 |
| | 35475 | 2541 y Fk(0)2138 2577 y Fw(\))p 1877 2621 299 4 v 1972 |
| | 35476 | 2713 a(2)p Fj(\031)2202 2644 y(P)2265 2659 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p |
| | 35477 | Fh(bc)2438 2644 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))2590 2577 y Fj(x)2645 |
| | 35478 | 2541 y Fk(0)2669 2577 y Fj(f)2717 2592 y Fh(a)2759 2577 |
| | 35479 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2852 2541 y Fk(0)2875 2577 y Fj(;)g(t)2954 |
| | 35480 | 2541 y Fk(0)2977 2577 y Fw(\))p 2590 2621 426 4 v 2617 |
| | 35481 | 2713 a Fj(xf)2720 2728 y Fh(b)2755 2713 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)g(t)2927 |
| | 35482 | 2684 y Fk(0)2951 2713 y Fw(\))3025 2498 y Fg(!)3108 2644 |
| | 35483 | y Fj(S)3168 2659 y Fh(b)3202 2644 y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)g(t)3374 |
| | 35484 | 2659 y Fl(max)3510 2644 y Fj(;)g(t)p Fw(\))32 b Fj(:)3557 |
| | 35485 | 2840 y Fw(\(148\))244 2948 y(If)25 b(no)g(branc)m(hing)g(is)f(found)i |
| | 35486 | (ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(the)f(cut-o\013)g(scale)g Fj(t)2253 |
| | 35487 | 2963 y Fl(0)2317 2948 y Fw(the)h(iteration)d(is)i(stopp)s(ed)h(and)f |
| | 35488 | (parton)244 3057 y Fj(b)33 b Fw(is)f(assumed)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(massless.) |
| | 35489 | 119 3174 y(2.)49 b(Giv)m(en)25 b(the)g Fj(t)g Fw(of)f(a)h(branc)m |
| | 35490 | (hing,)h(the)f(relativ)m(e)f(probabilities)e(for)j(the)g(di\013eren)m |
| | 35491 | (t)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(branc)m(h-)244 3283 y(ings)32 b |
| | 35492 | Fj(a)c Fn(!)f Fj(bc)33 b Fw(are)g(giv)m(en)f(b)m(y)i(the)f |
| | 35493 | Fj(z)k Fw(in)m(tegrals)32 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)h(i.e.)43 |
| | 35494 | b(b)m(y)1316 3433 y Fg(Z)1415 3550 y Fw(d)p Fj(z)1546 |
| | 35495 | 3482 y(\013)1608 3497 y Fh(abc)1710 3482 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)p |
| | 35496 | Fw(\))p 1546 3527 276 4 v 1630 3618 a(2)p Fj(\031)1848 |
| | 35497 | 3550 y(P)1911 3565 y Fh(a)p Fk(!)p Fh(bc)2084 3550 y |
| | 35498 | Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))2236 3482 y Fj(x)2291 3446 y Fk(0)2315 |
| | 35499 | 3482 y Fj(f)2363 3497 y Fh(a)2405 3482 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2498 |
| | 35500 | 3446 y Fk(0)2521 3482 y Fj(;)17 b(t)p Fw(\))p 2236 3527 |
| | 35501 | 402 4 v 2263 3618 a Fj(xf)2366 3633 y Fh(b)2401 3618 |
| | 35502 | y Fw(\()p Fj(x;)g(t)p Fw(\))2681 3550 y Fj(:)849 b Fw(\(149\))119 |
| | 35503 | 3823 y(3.)49 b(Finally)-8 b(,)38 b(with)i Fj(t)f Fw(and)h |
| | 35504 | Fj(a)g Fw(kno)m(wn,)i(the)e(probabilit)m(y)e(distribution)f(in)i(the)h |
| | 35505 | (splitting)d(v)-5 b(ariable)244 3931 y Fj(z)32 b Fw(=)c |
| | 35506 | Fj(x=x)584 3895 y Fk(0)635 3931 y Fw(=)g Fj(x)794 3946 |
| | 35507 | y Fh(b)829 3931 y Fj(=x)933 3946 y Fh(a)1007 3931 y Fw(is)k(giv)m(en)h |
| | 35508 | (b)m(y)g(the)g(in)m(tegrand)g(in)f(eq.)h(\(149\).)0 4044 |
| | 35509 | y(In)i(addition,)e(the)i(azim)m(uthal)e(angle)h Fj(')g |
| | 35510 | Fw(of)g(the)h(branc)m(hing)g(is)f(selected)i(isotropically)-8 |
| | 35511 | b(,)32 b(i.e.)49 b(no)35 b(spin)0 4152 y(or)d(coherence)j(e\013ects)f |
| | 35512 | (are)e(included)g(in)g(this)g(distribution.)146 4261 |
| | 35513 | y(The)h(selection)e(of)h Fj(t)p Fw(,)g Fj(a)g Fw(and)g |
| | 35514 | Fj(z)k Fw(is)31 b(then)i(a)e(standard)i(task)f(of)f(the)h(kind)g(than)g |
| | 35515 | (can)g(b)s(e)g(p)s(erformed)0 4369 y(with)g(the)h(help)f(of)g(the)h(v)m |
| | 35516 | (eto)g(algorithm.)41 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally)-8 b(,)31 b(upp)s(er)i(and)f |
| | 35517 | (lo)m(w)m(er)h(b)s(ounds)g(for)f(parton)g(dis-)0 4478 |
| | 35518 | y(tributions)24 b(are)i(used)h(to)e(\014nd)h(simple)f(functions)g(that) |
| | 35519 | h(are)f(ev)m(erywhere)k(larger)c(than)g(the)h(in)m(tegrands)0 |
| | 35520 | 4586 y(in)g(eq.)h(\(149\).)41 b(Based)27 b(on)g(these)h(simple)d |
| | 35521 | (expressions,)k(the)e(in)m(tegration)e(o)m(v)m(er)j Fj(z)j |
| | 35522 | Fw(ma)m(y)c(b)s(e)f(carried)h(out,)0 4694 y(and)j Fj(t)p |
| | 35523 | Fw(,)h Fj(a)f Fw(and)h Fj(z)j Fw(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(selected.)44 |
| | 35524 | b(This)30 b(set)h(is)f(then)h(accepted)g(with)f(a)g(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(giv) |
| | 35525 | m(en)h(b)m(y)g(a)e(ratio)g(of)0 4803 y(the)37 b(correct)g(in)m(tegrand) |
| | 35526 | f(in)g(eq.)i(\(149\))d(to)h(the)h(simple)e(appro)m(ximation)g(used,)j |
| | 35527 | (b)s(oth)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)36 b(for)0 4911 y(the)h(giv)m(en)g(set.)56 |
| | 35528 | b(Since)37 b(parton)f(distributions,)g(as)h(a)f(rule,)h(are)g(not)f(in) |
| | 35529 | g(a)g(simple)g(analytical)e(form,)0 5019 y(it)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)i(tric)m |
| | 35530 | (ky)f(to)f(\014nd)i(reasonably)f(go)s(o)s(d)e(b)s(ounds)j(to)e(parton)h |
| | 35531 | (distributions.)49 b(It)35 b(is)f(necessary)0 5128 y(to)44 |
| | 35532 | b(mak)m(e)h(di\013eren)m(t)f(assumptions)h(for)e(v)-5 |
| | 35533 | b(alence)45 b(and)g(sea)g(quarks,)j(and)d(b)s(e)g(esp)s(ecially)e |
| | 35534 | (atten)m(tiv)m(e)0 5236 y(close)32 b(to)f(a)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)h |
| | 35535 | (threshold)e(\([Sj\177)-49 b(o85]\).)43 b(An)32 b(electron)g |
| | 35536 | (distribution)e(inside)h(an)h(electron)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)0 |
| | 35537 | 5344 y(di\013eren)m(tly)40 b(from)f(parton)h(distributions)f(encoun)m |
| | 35538 | (tered)j(in)e(hadrons,)i(and)f(has)f(to)g(b)s(e)h(considered)0 |
| | 35539 | 5453 y(separately)-8 b(.)146 5561 y(A)43 b(commen)m(t)e(on)h(soft)g |
| | 35540 | (gluon)f(emission.)71 b(Nominally)39 b(the)k(range)f(of)f(the)i |
| | 35541 | Fj(z)k Fw(in)m(tegral)40 b(in)i Fj(S)3638 5576 y Fh(b)3714 |
| | 35542 | 5561 y Fw(is)0 5669 y Fj(x)28 b Fn(\024)g Fj(z)33 b Fn(\024)28 |
| | 35543 | b Fw(1.)43 b(The)34 b(lo)m(w)m(er)f(limit)c(corresp)s(onds)34 |
| | 35544 | b(to)e Fj(x)1888 5633 y Fk(0)1939 5669 y Fw(=)c Fj(x=z)33 |
| | 35545 | b Fw(=)27 b(1,)33 b(and)f(parton)h(distributions)e(v)-5 |
| | 35546 | b(anish)1817 5953 y(202)p eop |
| | 35547 | %%Page: 203 209 |
| | 35548 | 203 208 bop 0 -18 a Fw(in)30 b(this)g(limit,)d(wherefore)32 |
| | 35549 | b(no)e(problems)g(are)g(encoun)m(tered)j(here.)43 b(A)m(t)31 |
| | 35550 | b(the)g(upp)s(er)g(cut-o\013)f Fj(z)i Fw(=)c(1)i(the)0 |
| | 35551 | 90 y(splitting)23 b(k)m(ernels)j Fj(P)759 105 y Fl(q)p |
| | 35552 | Fk(!)p Fl(qg)944 90 y Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))g(and)f Fj(P)1340 |
| | 35553 | 105 y Fl(g)q Fk(!)p Fl(gg)1547 90 y Fw(div)m(erge.)42 |
| | 35554 | b(This)25 b(is)g(the)g(soft)g(gluon)f(singularit)m(y:)38 |
| | 35555 | b(the)25 b(energy)0 198 y(carried)34 b(b)m(y)h(the)g(emitted)f(gluon)f |
| | 35556 | (is)h(v)-5 b(anishing,)34 b Fj(x)1877 213 y Fl(g)1948 |
| | 35557 | 198 y Fw(=)d Fj(x)2110 162 y Fk(0)2157 198 y Fn(\000)24 |
| | 35558 | b Fj(x)31 b Fw(=)g(\(1)23 b Fn(\000)h Fj(z)t Fw(\))p |
| | 35559 | Fj(x)2804 162 y Fk(0)2859 198 y Fw(=)31 b(\(1)23 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 35560 | Fj(z)t Fw(\))p Fj(x=z)36 b Fn(!)31 b Fw(0)j(for)0 307 |
| | 35561 | y Fj(z)e Fn(!)c Fw(1.)43 b(In)32 b(order)h(to)f(calculate)f(the)i(in)m |
| | 35562 | (tegral)d(o)m(v)m(er)k Fj(z)j Fw(in)31 b Fj(S)2211 322 |
| | 35563 | y Fh(b)2246 307 y Fw(,)h(an)g(upp)s(er)h(cut-o\013)f |
| | 35564 | Fj(z)3070 322 y Fl(max)3233 307 y Fw(=)c Fj(x=)p Fw(\()p |
| | 35565 | Fj(x)22 b Fw(+)f Fj(x)3708 322 y Fh(\017)3742 307 y Fw(\))0 |
| | 35566 | 415 y(is)36 b(in)m(tro)s(duced,)i(i.e.)55 b(only)36 b(branc)m(hings)h |
| | 35567 | (with)f Fj(z)k Fn(\024)35 b Fj(z)1983 430 y Fl(max)2155 |
| | 35568 | 415 y Fw(are)i(included)f(in)g Fj(S)2894 430 y Fh(b)2928 |
| | 35569 | 415 y Fw(.)55 b(Here)38 b Fj(x)3300 430 y Fh(\017)3369 |
| | 35570 | 415 y Fw(is)e(a)h(small)0 523 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)48 b(t)m(ypically)c(c) |
| | 35571 | m(hosen)i(so)f(that)g(the)g(gluon)f(energy)h Fj(x)2324 |
| | 35572 | 538 y Fl(g)2365 452 y Fn(p)p 2448 452 46 4 v 71 x Fj(s=)p |
| | 35573 | Fw(2)j Fn(\025)h Fj(x)2821 538 y Fh(\017)2854 452 y Fn(p)p |
| | 35574 | 2937 452 V 71 x Fj(s=)p Fw(2)f(=)g(2)d(GeV.)g(The)0 632 |
| | 35575 | y(a)m(v)m(erage)c(amoun)m(t)d(of)i(energy)g(carried)f(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)i |
| | 35576 | (b)m(y)g(gluons)e(in)f(the)i(range)g Fj(x)2815 647 y |
| | 35577 | Fh(g)2895 632 y Fj(<)f(x)3065 647 y Fh(\017)3098 632 |
| | 35578 | y Fw(,)j(o)m(v)m(er)e(the)g(giv)m(en)0 740 y(range)29 |
| | 35579 | b(of)f Fj(t)h Fw(v)-5 b(alues)29 b(from)f Fj(t)982 755 |
| | 35580 | y Fh(a)1052 740 y Fw(to)h Fj(t)1203 755 y Fh(b)1237 740 |
| | 35581 | y Fw(,)h(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(estimated)f([Sj\177)-49 b(o85)o(].)43 |
| | 35582 | b(The)29 b(\014nally)f(selected)i Fj(z)j Fw(v)-5 b(alue)29 |
| | 35583 | b(ma)m(y)0 848 y(th)m(us)35 b(b)s(e)f(pic)m(k)m(ed)g(as)g |
| | 35584 | Fj(z)h Fw(=)29 b Fj(z)1002 863 y Fl(hard)1148 848 y Fn(h)p |
| | 35585 | Fj(z)1232 863 y Fl(soft)1348 848 y Fw(\()p Fj(t)1421 |
| | 35586 | 863 y Fh(a)1463 848 y Fj(;)17 b(t)1542 863 y Fh(b)1576 |
| | 35587 | 848 y Fw(\))p Fn(i)p Fw(,)34 b(where)h Fj(z)2042 863 |
| | 35588 | y Fl(hard)2221 848 y Fw(is)e(the)h(originally)c(selected)35 |
| | 35589 | b Fj(z)j Fw(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(and)0 957 y Fj(z)45 972 |
| | 35590 | y Fl(soft)194 957 y Fw(is)f(the)h(correction)f(factor)h(for)f(soft)g |
| | 35591 | (gluon)g(emission.)146 1065 y(In)k(QED)f(sho)m(w)m(ers,)j(the)e |
| | 35592 | (smallness)f(of)f Fj(\013)1691 1080 y Fl(em)1821 1065 |
| | 35593 | y Fw(means)h(that)h(one)f(can)h(use)g(rather)g(smaller)d(cut-o\013)0 |
| | 35594 | 1173 y(v)-5 b(alues)38 b(without)g(obtaining)e(large)h(amoun)m(ts)h(of) |
| | 35595 | f(emission.)59 b(A)38 b(\014xed)i(small)35 b(cut-o\013)j |
| | 35596 | Fj(x)3289 1188 y Fh(\015)3371 1173 y Fj(>)f Fw(10)3582 |
| | 35597 | 1137 y Fk(\000)p Fl(6)3714 1173 y Fw(is)0 1282 y(therefore)d(used)g(to) |
| | 35598 | f(a)m(v)m(oid)g(the)h(region)e(of)h(v)m(ery)h(soft)g(photons.)46 |
| | 35599 | b(As)33 b(has)h(b)s(een)g(discussed)h(in)d(section)0 |
| | 35600 | 1390 y(7.1.3,)c(the)f(electron)g(distribution)e(inside)h(the)i |
| | 35601 | (electron)f(is)f(cut)i(o\013)e(at)h Fj(x)2660 1405 y |
| | 35602 | Fl(e)2723 1390 y Fj(<)h Fw(1)11 b Fn(\000)g Fw(10)3073 |
| | 35603 | 1354 y Fk(\000)p Fl(6)3166 1390 y Fw(,)29 b(for)d(n)m(umerical)0 |
| | 35604 | 1498 y(reasons,)34 b(so)e(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(cuts)f(are)g(closely)f |
| | 35605 | (matc)m(hed.)146 1607 y(The)i(cut-o\013)e(scale)h Fj(Q)964 |
| | 35606 | 1622 y Fl(0)1036 1607 y Fw(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hosen)h(separately)f |
| | 35607 | (for)f(QCD)h(and)g(QED)f(sho)m(w)m(ers,)j(just)e(as)g(in)0 |
| | 35608 | 1715 y(\014nal-state)38 b(radiation.)59 b(The)39 b(defaults)f(are)h(1)f |
| | 35609 | (GeV)g(and)h(0.001)e(GeV,)i(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)62 |
| | 35610 | b(The)39 b(former)0 1823 y(is)34 b(the)i(t)m(ypical)e(hadronic)g(mass)h |
| | 35611 | (scale,)g(b)s(elo)m(w)g(whic)m(h)g(radiation)e(is)h(not)h(exp)s(ected)i |
| | 35612 | (resolv)-5 b(able;)35 b(the)0 1932 y(latter)d(is)g(of)g(the)h(order)f |
| | 35613 | (of)h(the)g(electron)f(mass.)146 2040 y(Normally)f(QED)h(and)h(QCD)g |
| | 35614 | (sho)m(w)m(ers)i(do)e(not)g(app)s(ear)g(mixed.)43 b(The)34 |
| | 35615 | b(most)f(notable)f(exception)0 2148 y(is)c(resolv)m(ed)i(photopro)s |
| | 35616 | (duction)e(\(in)g(ep\))h(and)g(resolv)m(ed)h(2)p Fj(\015)j |
| | 35617 | Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)f(\(in)c(e)2687 2112 y Fl(+)2746 2148 |
| | 35618 | y Fw(e)2789 2112 y Fk(\000)2848 2148 y Fw(\),)i(i.e.)42 |
| | 35619 | b(sho)m(w)m(er)30 b(histories)0 2257 y(of)41 b(the)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(e)h |
| | 35620 | Fn(!)f Fj(\015)47 b Fn(!)42 b Fw(q.)70 b(Here)42 b(the)g |
| | 35621 | Fj(Q)1634 2221 y Fl(2)1715 2257 y Fw(scales)g(need)g(not)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 35622 | (ordered)g(at)f(the)g(in)m(terface,)j(i.e.)0 2365 y(the)35 |
| | 35623 | b(last)e(e)d Fn(!)g Fw(e)p Fj(\015)40 b Fw(branc)m(hing)34 |
| | 35624 | b(ma)m(y)g(w)m(ell)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)f(larger)f Fj(Q)2223 |
| | 35625 | 2329 y Fl(2)2297 2365 y Fw(than)h(the)g(\014rst)h(q)c |
| | 35626 | Fn(!)e Fw(qg)36 b(one,)f(and)f(the)0 2473 y(branc)m(hing)g |
| | 35627 | Fj(\015)h Fn(!)30 b Fw(q)k(do)s(es)h(not)f(ev)m(en)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)e |
| | 35628 | (strict)f(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)i(in)m(terpretation)e(for)h(the)g(v)m |
| | 35629 | (ector)0 2582 y(dominance)f(mo)s(del)g(part)h(of)f(the)i(photon)f |
| | 35630 | (parton)g(distribution.)46 b(These)36 b(issues)f(are)f(curren)m(tly)h |
| | 35631 | (not)0 2690 y(addressed)g(in)d(full.)43 b(Rather,)33 |
| | 35632 | b(based)h(on)f(the)h Fj(x)f Fw(selected)h(for)f(the)g(parton)g(\(quark) |
| | 35633 | h(or)e(gluon\))g(at)h(the)0 2798 y(hard)g(scattering,)h(the)g |
| | 35634 | Fj(x)931 2813 y Fh(\015)1009 2798 y Fw(is)e(selected)j(once)f(and)f |
| | 35635 | (for)g(all)e(in)i(the)h(range)f Fj(x)c(<)g(x)2965 2813 |
| | 35636 | y Fh(\015)3039 2798 y Fj(<)g Fw(1,)k(according)g(to)0 |
| | 35637 | 2907 y(the)j(distribution)e(implied)g(b)m(y)i(eq.)h(\(54\).)53 |
| | 35638 | b(The)37 b(QCD)f(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er)j(is)d(then)i(traced)f(bac)m(kw) |
| | 35639 | m(ards)0 3015 y(from)45 b(the)h(hard)g(scattering)f(to)h(the)g(QCD)g |
| | 35640 | (sho)m(w)m(er)h(initiator)c(at)i Fj(t)2603 3030 y Fl(0)2643 |
| | 35641 | 3015 y Fw(.)83 b(No)46 b(attempt)f(is)g(made)h(to)0 3123 |
| | 35642 | y(p)s(erform)32 b(the)h(full)d(QED)j(sho)m(w)m(er,)h(but)f(rather)g |
| | 35643 | (the)g(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(t)g(treatmen)m(t)h(\(see)g(section)g(11.1\))0 |
| | 35644 | 3232 y(is)c(used)h(to)f(\014nd)g(the)p 786 3179 52 4 |
| | 35645 | v 30 w(q)h(\(or)e(g)q(\))i(remnan)m(t)f(that)g(matc)m(hes)g(the)h(q)f |
| | 35646 | (\(or)g(g)q(\))g(QCD)g(sho)m(w)m(er)i(initiator,)c(with)0 |
| | 35647 | 3340 y(the)33 b(electron)g(itself)e(considered)i(as)g(a)f(second)i(b)s |
| | 35648 | (eam)e(remnan)m(t.)0 3588 y Fo(10.3.3)113 b(T)-9 b(ransv)m(erse)38 |
| | 35649 | b(ev)m(olution)0 3761 y Fw(W)-8 b(e)48 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f |
| | 35650 | (seen)h(that)e(t)m(w)m(o)h(parton)f(lines)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 35651 | (de\014ned,)k(stretc)m(hing)c(bac)m(k)h(from)d(the)0 |
| | 35652 | 3869 y(hard)40 b(scattering)g(to)g(the)h(initial)c(incoming)h(hadron)i |
| | 35653 | (w)m(a)m(v)m(efunctions)i(at)e(small)e Fj(Q)3150 3833 |
| | 35654 | y Fl(2)3190 3869 y Fw(.)67 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally)-8 b(,)0 |
| | 35655 | 3977 y(all)41 b(parton)h(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i Fj(i)p Fw(,)i(virtualities) |
| | 35656 | 40 b Fj(Q)1525 3941 y Fl(2)1608 3977 y Fw(and)j(energy)h(fractions)e |
| | 35657 | Fj(x)h Fw(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(found.)74 b(The)44 b(exact)0 |
| | 35658 | 4086 y(kinematical)d(in)m(terpretation)i(of)g(the)h Fj(x)g |
| | 35659 | Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)42 b(is)h(not)h(unique,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)79 |
| | 35660 | b(F)-8 b(or)43 b(partons)h(with)0 4194 y(small)25 b(virtualities)g(and) |
| | 35661 | j(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(ta,)d(essen)m(tially)g(all)f(de\014nitions)h |
| | 35662 | (agree,)h(but)g(di\013erences)0 4302 y(ma)m(y)k(app)s(ear)h(for)f |
| | 35663 | (branc)m(hings)h(close)f(to)h(the)g(hard)f(scattering.)146 |
| | 35664 | 4411 y(In)44 b(\014rst-order)f(QED)f([Ber85])h(and)h(in)e(some)h |
| | 35665 | (simple)e(QCD)i(to)m(y)g(mo)s(dels)f([Got86)o(],)j(one)f(ma)m(y)0 |
| | 35666 | 4519 y(sho)m(w)h(that)e(the)i(`correct')f(c)m(hoice)g(is)g(the)g(`)t(^) |
| | 35667 | -53 b Fj(s)43 b Fw(approac)m(h'.)78 b(Here)44 b(one)g(requires)h(that)j |
| | 35668 | (^)-53 b Fj(s)46 b Fw(=)h Fj(x)3572 4534 y Fl(1)3612 |
| | 35669 | 4519 y Fj(x)3667 4534 y Fl(2)3706 4519 y Fj(s)p Fw(,)0 |
| | 35670 | 4627 y(b)s(oth)39 b(at)g(the)h(hard)g(scattering)f(scale)h(and)g(at)f |
| | 35671 | (an)m(y)h(lo)m(w)m(er)g(scale,)h(i.e.)68 b(^)-53 b Fj(s)p |
| | 35672 | Fw(\()p Fj(Q)2866 4591 y Fl(2)2906 4627 y Fw(\))39 b(=)g |
| | 35673 | Fj(x)3153 4642 y Fl(1)3193 4627 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)3308 4591 |
| | 35674 | y Fl(2)3348 4627 y Fw(\))17 b Fj(x)3458 4642 y Fl(2)3497 |
| | 35675 | 4627 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)3612 4591 y Fl(2)3652 4627 y Fw(\))g |
| | 35676 | Fj(s)p Fw(,)0 4736 y(where)40 b Fj(x)343 4751 y Fl(1)422 |
| | 35677 | 4736 y Fw(and)f Fj(x)673 4751 y Fl(2)752 4736 y Fw(are)g(the)g |
| | 35678 | Fj(x)h Fw(v)-5 b(alues)38 b(of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(resolv)m(ed)g |
| | 35679 | (partons)f(\(one)g(from)f(eac)m(h)i(incoming)0 4844 y(b)s(eam)e |
| | 35680 | (particle\))f(at)h(the)h(giv)m(en)g Fj(Q)1302 4808 y |
| | 35681 | Fl(2)1380 4844 y Fw(scale.)62 b(In)39 b(practice)f(this)g(means)h |
| | 35682 | (that,)h(at)e(a)g(branc)m(hing)h(with)0 4952 y(the)34 |
| | 35683 | b(splitting)e(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b Fj(z)t Fw(,)j(the)f(total)j(^)-53 |
| | 35684 | b Fj(s)33 b Fw(has)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(increased)h(b)m(y)g(a)e(factor)h(1)p |
| | 35685 | Fj(=z)k Fw(in)33 b(the)h(bac)m(kw)m(ards)0 5061 y(ev)m(olution.)42 |
| | 35686 | b(It)32 b(also)e(means)h(that)h(branc)m(hings)f(on)h(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)i |
| | 35687 | (incoming)c(legs)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(in)m(terlea)m(v)m(ed)0 |
| | 35688 | 5169 y(in)g(a)g(single)g(monotonic)f(sequence)k(of)d |
| | 35689 | Fj(Q)1536 5133 y Fl(2)1608 5169 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)33 |
| | 35690 | b(of)f(branc)m(hings.)146 5277 y(F)-8 b(or)42 b(a)g(reconstruction)h |
| | 35691 | (of)f(the)h(complete)e(kinematics)h(in)f(this)h(approac)m(h,)k(one)c |
| | 35692 | (should)g(start)0 5386 y(with)c(the)i(hard)f(scattering,)h(for)e(whic)m |
| | 35693 | (h)44 b(^)-53 b Fj(s)38 b Fw(has)i(b)s(een)f(c)m(hosen)i(according)d |
| | 35694 | (to)h(the)g(hard)g(scattering)0 5494 y(matrix)d(elemen)m(t.)58 |
| | 35695 | b(By)38 b(bac)m(kw)m(ards)i(ev)m(olution,)e(the)g(virtualities)d |
| | 35696 | Fj(Q)2575 5458 y Fl(2)2575 5519 y(1)2650 5494 y Fw(=)h |
| | 35697 | Fn(\000)p Fj(m)2924 5458 y Fl(2)2924 5519 y(1)3002 5494 |
| | 35698 | y Fw(and)i Fj(Q)3274 5458 y Fl(2)3274 5519 y(2)3349 5494 |
| | 35699 | y Fw(=)e Fn(\000)p Fj(m)3623 5458 y Fl(2)3623 5519 y(2)3701 |
| | 35700 | 5494 y Fw(of)0 5602 y(the)31 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(in)m(teracting)e(partons)h |
| | 35701 | (are)g(reconstructed.)45 b(Initially)27 b(the)32 b(t)m(w)m(o)f(partons) |
| | 35702 | h(are)e(considered)i(in)1817 5953 y(203)p eop |
| | 35703 | %%Page: 204 210 |
| | 35704 | 204 209 bop 0 -18 a Fw(their)32 b(common)g(c.m.)45 b(frame,)32 |
| | 35705 | b(coming)f(in)i(along)e(the)j Fn(\006)p Fj(z)k Fw(directions.)44 |
| | 35706 | b(Then)34 b(the)g(four-momen)m(tum)0 90 y(v)m(ectors)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g |
| | 35707 | (the)f(non-v)-5 b(anishing)31 b(comp)s(onen)m(ts)1230 |
| | 35708 | 318 y Fj(E)1302 333 y Fl(1)p Fh(;)p Fl(2)1479 318 y Fw(=)1652 |
| | 35709 | 251 y(^)-53 b Fj(s)22 b Fn(\006)h Fw(\()p Fj(Q)1931 215 |
| | 35710 | y Fl(2)1931 276 y(2)1993 251 y Fn(\000)f Fj(Q)2169 215 |
| | 35711 | y Fl(2)2169 276 y(1)2209 251 y Fw(\))p 1648 295 599 4 |
| | 35712 | v 1859 398 a(2)1908 313 y Fn(p)p 1991 313 46 4 v 1995 |
| | 35713 | 398 a Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)2290 318 y(;)940 617 y(p)989 632 |
| | 35714 | y Fh(z)s Fl(1)1091 617 y Fw(=)28 b Fn(\000)p Fj(p)1321 |
| | 35715 | 632 y Fh(z)s Fl(2)1479 617 y Fw(=)1638 449 y Fg(s)p 1721 |
| | 35716 | 449 1059 4 v 1731 549 a Fw(\()t(^)-53 b Fj(s)22 b Fw(+)g |
| | 35717 | Fj(Q)2012 515 y Fl(2)2012 571 y(1)2074 549 y Fw(+)g Fj(Q)2249 |
| | 35718 | 515 y Fl(2)2249 571 y(2)2289 549 y Fw(\))2327 520 y Fl(2)2388 |
| | 35719 | 549 y Fn(\000)h Fw(4)p Fj(Q)2614 515 y Fl(2)2614 571 |
| | 35720 | y(1)2654 549 y Fj(Q)2731 515 y Fl(2)2731 571 y(2)p 1731 |
| | 35721 | 593 1039 4 v 2203 685 a Fw(4)t(^)-53 b Fj(s)2813 617 |
| | 35722 | y(;)717 b Fw(\(150\))0 836 y(with)32 b(\()p Fj(p)309 |
| | 35723 | 851 y Fl(1)371 836 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)518 851 y Fl(2)557 |
| | 35724 | 836 y Fw(\))595 800 y Fl(2)662 836 y Fw(=)32 b(^)-53 |
| | 35725 | b Fj(s)p Fw(.)146 945 y(If,)35 b(sa)m(y)-8 b(,)35 b Fj(Q)539 |
| | 35726 | 908 y Fl(2)539 969 y(1)609 945 y Fj(>)30 b(Q)792 908 |
| | 35727 | y Fl(2)792 969 y(2)832 945 y Fw(,)k(then)h(the)g(branc)m(hing)f(3)c |
| | 35728 | Fn(!)f Fw(1)23 b(+)g(4,)35 b(whic)m(h)f(pro)s(duced)h(parton)f(1,)g(is) |
| | 35729 | g(the)g(one)0 1053 y(that)28 b(to)s(ok)g(place)g(closest)h(to)f(the)h |
| | 35730 | (hard)f(scattering,)h(and)f(the)h(one)g(to)f(b)s(e)g(reconstructed)i |
| | 35731 | (\014rst.)43 b(With)0 1161 y(the)e(four-momen)m(tum)e |
| | 35732 | Fj(p)949 1176 y Fl(3)1030 1161 y Fw(kno)m(wn,)44 b Fj(p)1425 |
| | 35733 | 1176 y Fl(4)1506 1161 y Fw(=)e Fj(p)1673 1176 y Fl(3)1741 |
| | 35734 | 1161 y Fn(\000)28 b Fj(p)1895 1176 y Fl(1)1975 1161 y |
| | 35735 | Fw(is)41 b(automatically)c(kno)m(wn,)45 b(so)c(there)h(are)f(four)0 |
| | 35736 | 1270 y(degrees)33 b(of)f(freedom.)43 b(One)32 b(corresp)s(onds)i(to)e |
| | 35737 | (a)f(trivial)f(azim)m(uthal)g(angle)h(around)h(the)h |
| | 35738 | Fj(z)j Fw(axis.)44 b(The)0 1378 y Fj(z)33 b Fw(splitting)26 |
| | 35739 | b(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(for)g(the)i(3)f Fn(!)f Fw(1)13 |
| | 35740 | b(+)g(4)28 b(v)m(ertex)i(is)e(found)h(as)f(the)h(same)f(time)f(as)h |
| | 35741 | Fj(Q)3145 1342 y Fl(2)3145 1403 y(1)3185 1378 y Fw(,)h(and)g(pro)m |
| | 35742 | (vides)0 1486 y(the)41 b(constrain)m(t)g(\()p Fj(p)730 |
| | 35743 | 1501 y Fl(3)798 1486 y Fw(+)27 b Fj(p)950 1501 y Fl(2)990 |
| | 35744 | 1486 y Fw(\))1028 1450 y Fl(2)1109 1486 y Fw(=)46 b(^)-53 |
| | 35745 | b Fj(s=z)t Fw(.)69 b(The)42 b(virtualit)m(y)d Fj(Q)2192 |
| | 35746 | 1450 y Fl(2)2192 1511 y(3)2273 1486 y Fw(is)i(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(bac)m |
| | 35747 | (kw)m(ards)h(ev)m(olution)d(of)0 1595 y(parton)32 b(3.)146 |
| | 35748 | 1703 y(One)39 b(degree)g(of)f(freedom)g(remains)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(sp)s |
| | 35749 | (eci\014ed,)j(and)e(this)f(is)g(related)g(to)g(the)h(p)s(ossibilit)m(y) |
| | 35750 | 0 1811 y(that)g(parton)h(4)f(initiates)e(a)j(time-lik)m(e)d(parton)i |
| | 35751 | (sho)m(w)m(er,)k(i.e.)64 b(ma)m(y)39 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)f(non-zero)f |
| | 35752 | (mass.)65 b(The)0 1920 y(maxim)m(um)33 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(squared)i |
| | 35753 | (mass)f Fj(m)1497 1884 y Fl(2)1497 1944 y(max)o Fh(;)p |
| | 35754 | Fl(4)1722 1920 y Fw(is)f(found)h(for)g(a)f(collinear)f(branc)m(hing)i |
| | 35755 | (3)c Fn(!)g Fw(1)24 b(+)f(4.)50 b(In)0 2028 y(terms)33 |
| | 35756 | b(of)f(the)h(com)m(binations)1402 2191 y Fj(s)1448 2206 |
| | 35757 | y Fl(1)1570 2191 y Fw(=)87 b(^)-53 b Fj(s)22 b Fw(+)g |
| | 35758 | Fj(Q)1972 2150 y Fl(2)1972 2216 y(2)2034 2191 y Fw(+)g |
| | 35759 | Fj(Q)2209 2150 y Fl(2)2209 2216 y(1)2281 2191 y Fj(;)1402 |
| | 35760 | 2385 y(s)1448 2400 y Fl(3)1570 2385 y Fw(=)1745 2318 |
| | 35761 | y(^)-53 b Fj(s)p 1739 2362 50 4 v 1739 2454 a(z)1821 |
| | 35762 | 2385 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(Q)1996 2344 y Fl(2)1996 2410 y(2)2058 |
| | 35763 | 2385 y Fw(+)g Fj(Q)2233 2344 y Fl(2)2233 2410 y(3)2305 |
| | 35764 | 2385 y Fj(;)1404 2601 y(r)1448 2616 y Fl(1)1570 2601 |
| | 35765 | y Fw(=)1729 2494 y Fg(q)p 1812 2494 490 4 v 107 x Fj(s)1858 |
| | 35766 | 2567 y Fl(2)1858 2623 y(1)1920 2601 y Fn(\000)g Fw(4)p |
| | 35767 | Fj(Q)2145 2567 y Fl(2)2145 2623 y(2)2185 2601 y Fj(Q)2262 |
| | 35768 | 2567 y Fl(2)2262 2623 y(1)2334 2601 y Fj(;)1404 2787 |
| | 35769 | y(r)1448 2802 y Fl(3)1570 2787 y Fw(=)1729 2680 y Fg(q)p |
| | 35770 | 1812 2680 V 107 x Fj(s)1858 2753 y Fl(2)1858 2809 y(3)1920 |
| | 35771 | 2787 y Fn(\000)g Fw(4)p Fj(Q)2145 2753 y Fl(2)2145 2809 |
| | 35772 | y(2)2185 2787 y Fj(Q)2262 2753 y Fl(2)2262 2809 y(3)2334 |
| | 35773 | 2787 y Fj(;)1196 b Fw(\(151\))0 2950 y(one)33 b(obtains)1178 |
| | 35774 | 3084 y Fj(m)1263 3043 y Fl(2)1263 3109 y(max)p Fh(;)p |
| | 35775 | Fl(4)1482 3084 y Fw(=)1595 3017 y Fj(s)1641 3032 y Fl(1)1681 |
| | 35776 | 3017 y Fj(s)1727 3032 y Fl(3)1788 3017 y Fn(\000)23 b |
| | 35777 | Fj(r)1932 3032 y Fl(1)1971 3017 y Fj(r)2015 3032 y Fl(3)p |
| | 35778 | 1595 3061 460 4 v 1742 3152 a Fw(2)p Fj(Q)1868 3118 y |
| | 35779 | Fl(2)1868 3174 y(2)2087 3084 y Fn(\000)f Fj(Q)2263 3043 |
| | 35780 | y Fl(2)2263 3109 y(1)2325 3084 y Fn(\000)h Fj(Q)2502 |
| | 35781 | 3043 y Fl(2)2502 3109 y(3)2574 3084 y Fj(;)956 b Fw(\(152\))0 |
| | 35782 | 3296 y(whic)m(h,)33 b(for)f(the)h(sp)s(ecial)f(case)h(of)f |
| | 35783 | Fj(Q)1335 3260 y Fl(2)1335 3321 y(2)1403 3296 y Fw(=)27 |
| | 35784 | b(0,)33 b(reduces)h(to)906 3533 y Fj(m)991 3492 y Fl(2)991 |
| | 35785 | 3558 y(max)o Fh(;)p Fl(4)1209 3533 y Fw(=)1313 3387 y |
| | 35786 | Fg(\()1389 3466 y Fj(Q)1466 3430 y Fl(2)1466 3490 y(1)p |
| | 35787 | 1389 3510 117 4 v 1423 3601 a Fj(z)1538 3533 y Fn(\000)23 |
| | 35788 | b Fj(Q)1715 3492 y Fl(2)1715 3558 y(3)1755 3387 y Fg(\))16 |
| | 35789 | b(\()2037 3466 y Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)p 1915 3510 283 4 v |
| | 35790 | 1919 3601 a Fw(^)g Fj(s)22 b Fw(+)g Fj(Q)2158 3567 y |
| | 35791 | Fl(2)2158 3623 y(1)2230 3533 y Fn(\000)2511 3466 y Fw(^)-53 |
| | 35792 | b Fj(s)p 2339 3510 382 4 v 2343 3601 a Fw(^)g Fj(s=z)27 |
| | 35793 | b Fw(+)22 b Fj(Q)2681 3567 y Fl(2)2681 3623 y(3)2731 |
| | 35794 | 3387 y Fg(\))2847 3533 y Fj(:)683 b Fw(\(153\))0 3765 |
| | 35795 | y(These)32 b(constrain)m(ts)e(on)g Fj(m)992 3780 y Fl(4)1062 |
| | 35796 | 3765 y Fw(are)g(only)g(the)g(kinematical)d(ones,)32 b(in)d(addition)f |
| | 35797 | (coherence)k(phenomena)0 3873 y(could)40 b(constrain)f(the)i |
| | 35798 | Fj(m)959 3888 y Fl(max)o Fh(;)p Fl(4)1189 3873 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 35799 | b(alues)40 b(further.)66 b(Some)40 b(options)f(of)g(this)h(kind)g(are)g |
| | 35800 | (a)m(v)-5 b(ailable;)41 b(the)0 3982 y(default)22 b(one)h(is)f(to)h |
| | 35801 | (require)g(additionally)c(that)k Fj(m)1819 3945 y Fl(2)1819 |
| | 35802 | 4006 y(4)1886 3982 y Fn(\024)28 b Fj(Q)2068 3945 y Fl(2)2068 |
| | 35803 | 4006 y(1)2108 3982 y Fw(,)d(i.e.)39 b(lesser)24 b(than)e(the)i |
| | 35804 | (space-lik)m(e)e(virtualit)m(y)0 4090 y(of)32 b(the)h(sister)g(parton.) |
| | 35805 | 146 4198 y(With)c(the)h(maxim)m(um)d(virtualit)m(y)h(giv)m(en,)i(the)g |
| | 35806 | (\014nal-state)e(sho)m(w)m(ering)i(mac)m(hinery)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 35807 | (used)0 4307 y(to)37 b(giv)m(e)h(the)g(dev)m(elopmen)m(t)h(of)e(the)h |
| | 35808 | (subsequen)m(t)j(cascade,)f(including)c(the)i(actual)f(mass)h |
| | 35809 | Fj(m)3484 4270 y Fl(2)3484 4331 y(4)3524 4307 y Fw(,)h(with)0 |
| | 35810 | 4415 y(0)h Fn(\024)h Fj(m)292 4379 y Fl(2)292 4440 y(4)372 |
| | 35811 | 4415 y Fn(\024)g Fj(m)575 4379 y Fl(2)575 4440 y(max)o |
| | 35812 | Fh(;)p Fl(4)766 4415 y Fw(.)65 b(The)41 b(ev)m(olution)e(is)h(p)s |
| | 35813 | (erformed)f(in)h(the)g(c.m.)66 b(frame)39 b(of)g(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)f |
| | 35814 | (`resolv)m(ed')0 4523 y(partons,)29 b(i.e.)42 b(that)27 |
| | 35815 | b(of)h(partons)g(1)g(and)g(2)f(for)h(the)g(branc)m(hing)g(3)f |
| | 35816 | Fn(!)g Fw(1)13 b(+)g(4,)28 b(and)g(parton)g(4)f(is)h(assumed)0 |
| | 35817 | 4643 y(to)i(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)e(nominal)e(energy)k Fj(E)1173 |
| | 35818 | 4658 y Fl(nom)o Fh(;)p Fl(4)1393 4643 y Fw(=)27 b(\(1)p |
| | 35819 | Fj(=z)22 b Fn(\000)d Fw(1\))1882 4559 y Fn(p)p 1965 4559 |
| | 35820 | 46 4 v 1969 4643 a Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s)o(=)p Fw(2.)43 b(\(Sligh)m(t)29 |
| | 35821 | b(mo)s(di\014cations)f(app)s(ear)i(if)g(parton)0 4752 |
| | 35822 | y(4)i(has)h(a)g(non-v)-5 b(anishing)31 b(mass)h Fj(m)1282 |
| | 35823 | 4767 y Fl(q)1356 4752 y Fw(or)h Fj(m)1561 4767 y Fh(`)1594 |
| | 35824 | 4752 y Fw(.\))146 4860 y(Using)g(the)g(relation)d Fj(m)1031 |
| | 35825 | 4824 y Fl(2)1031 4885 y(4)1099 4860 y Fw(=)d(\()p Fj(p)1289 |
| | 35826 | 4875 y Fl(3)1351 4860 y Fn(\000)22 b Fj(p)1499 4875 y |
| | 35827 | Fl(1)1539 4860 y Fw(\))1577 4824 y Fl(2)1616 4860 y Fw(,)33 |
| | 35828 | b(the)g(momen)m(tum)e(of)h(parton)g(3)h(ma)m(y)f(no)m(w)h(b)s(e)g |
| | 35829 | (found)g(as)594 5097 y Fj(E)666 5112 y Fl(3)788 5097 |
| | 35830 | y Fw(=)1022 5030 y(1)p 957 5074 178 4 v 957 5176 a(2)1006 |
| | 35831 | 5092 y Fn(p)p 1089 5092 46 4 v 1093 5176 a Fw(^)-53 b |
| | 35832 | Fj(s)1162 4951 y Fg(\()1244 5030 y Fw(^)g Fj(s)p 1238 |
| | 35833 | 5074 50 4 v 1238 5166 a(z)1320 5097 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(Q)1495 |
| | 35834 | 5056 y Fl(2)1495 5122 y(2)1557 5097 y Fn(\000)h Fj(Q)1734 |
| | 35835 | 5056 y Fl(2)1734 5122 y(1)1796 5097 y Fn(\000)f Fj(m)1980 |
| | 35836 | 5056 y Fl(2)1980 5122 y(4)2020 4951 y Fg(\))2136 5097 |
| | 35837 | y Fj(;)581 5362 y(p)630 5377 y Fh(z)s Fl(3)788 5362 y |
| | 35838 | Fw(=)1019 5294 y(1)p 957 5338 173 4 v 957 5430 a(2)p |
| | 35839 | Fj(p)1055 5445 y Fh(z)s Fl(1)1157 5362 y Fn(f)p Fj(s)1253 |
| | 35840 | 5377 y Fl(3)1314 5362 y Fn(\000)h Fw(2)p Fj(E)1535 5377 |
| | 35841 | y Fl(2)1574 5362 y Fj(E)1646 5377 y Fl(3)1686 5362 y |
| | 35842 | Fn(g)49 b Fj(;)543 5629 y(p)592 5588 y Fl(2)592 5654 |
| | 35843 | y Fk(?)p Fh(;)p Fl(3)788 5629 y Fw(=)947 5533 y Fg(n)1003 |
| | 35844 | 5629 y Fj(m)1088 5588 y Fl(2)1088 5654 y(max)o Fh(;)p |
| | 35845 | Fl(4)1301 5629 y Fn(\000)22 b Fj(m)1485 5588 y Fl(2)1485 |
| | 35846 | 5654 y(4)1525 5533 y Fg(o)1623 5562 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)1707 |
| | 35847 | 5577 y Fl(1)1747 5562 y Fj(s)1793 5577 y Fl(3)1854 5562 |
| | 35848 | y Fw(+)g Fj(r)1996 5577 y Fl(1)2036 5562 y Fj(r)2080 |
| | 35849 | 5577 y Fl(3)2119 5562 y Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(2)g Fn(\000)g |
| | 35850 | Fj(Q)2453 5525 y Fl(2)2453 5586 y(2)2493 5562 y Fw(\()p |
| | 35851 | Fj(Q)2608 5525 y Fl(2)2608 5586 y(1)2670 5562 y Fw(+)g |
| | 35852 | Fj(Q)2845 5525 y Fl(2)2845 5586 y(3)2907 5562 y Fw(+)g |
| | 35853 | Fj(m)3090 5525 y Fl(2)3090 5586 y(4)3129 5562 y Fw(\))p |
| | 35854 | 1623 5606 1544 4 v 2352 5697 a Fj(r)2399 5663 y Fl(2)2396 |
| | 35855 | 5719 y(1)3210 5629 y Fj(:)320 b Fw(\(154\))1817 5953 |
| | 35856 | y(204)p eop |
| | 35857 | %%Page: 205 211 |
| | 35858 | 205 210 bop 146 -18 a Fw(The)38 b(requiremen)m(t)g(that)f |
| | 35859 | Fj(m)1199 -55 y Fl(2)1199 6 y(4)1274 -18 y Fn(\025)f |
| | 35860 | Fw(0)h(\(or)g Fn(\025)f Fj(m)1833 -55 y Fl(2)1833 6 y |
| | 35861 | Fh(f)1915 -18 y Fw(for)h(hea)m(vy)i(\015a)m(v)m(ours\))f(imp)s(oses)f |
| | 35862 | (a)f(constrain)m(t)i(on)0 106 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)25 b Fj(z)31 |
| | 35863 | b Fw(v)-5 b(alues.)42 b(This)26 b(constrain)m(t)g(cannot)h(b)s(e)f |
| | 35864 | (included)g(in)f(the)i(c)m(hoice)f(of)g Fj(Q)2969 70 |
| | 35865 | y Fl(2)2969 131 y(1)3009 106 y Fw(,)h(where)h(it)d(logically)0 |
| | 35866 | 215 y(b)s(elongs,)30 b(since)g(it)f(also)g(dep)s(ends)i(on)f |
| | 35867 | Fj(Q)1483 179 y Fl(2)1483 239 y(2)1552 215 y Fw(and)g |
| | 35868 | Fj(Q)1816 179 y Fl(2)1816 239 y(3)1856 215 y Fw(,)g(whic)m(h)g(are)g |
| | 35869 | (unkno)m(wn)i(at)d(this)g(p)s(oin)m(t.)42 b(It)30 b(is)f(fairly)0 |
| | 35870 | 323 y(rare)d(\(in)f(the)i(order)f(of)g(10\045)g(of)g(all)e(ev)m(en)m |
| | 35871 | (ts\))k(that)e(an)g(unallo)m(w)m(ed)g Fj(z)31 b Fw(v)-5 |
| | 35872 | b(alue)26 b(is)f(generated,)k(and)d(when)h(it)0 431 y(happ)s(ens)32 |
| | 35873 | b(it)f(is)g(almost)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)j(for)f(one)h(of)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 35874 | (branc)m(hings)f(closest)h(to)f(the)h(hard)f(in)m(teraction:)0 |
| | 35875 | 540 y(for)h Fj(Q)226 504 y Fl(2)226 564 y(2)294 540 y |
| | 35876 | Fw(=)c(0)33 b(eq.)h(\(153\))e(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(solv)m(ed)g(to)g(yield)f |
| | 35877 | Fj(z)h Fn(\024)g Fw(^)-53 b Fj(s=)p Fw(\()t(^)g Fj(s)22 |
| | 35878 | b Fw(+)g Fj(Q)2444 504 y Fl(2)2444 564 y(1)2506 540 y |
| | 35879 | Fn(\000)h Fj(Q)2683 504 y Fl(2)2683 564 y(3)2723 540 |
| | 35880 | y Fw(\),)33 b(whic)m(h)g(is)f(a)h(more)f(sev)m(ere)0 |
| | 35881 | 648 y(cut)k(for)k(^)-53 b Fj(s)36 b Fw(small)d(and)k |
| | 35882 | Fj(Q)935 612 y Fl(2)935 673 y(1)1010 648 y Fw(large.)53 |
| | 35883 | b(Therefore)37 b(an)f(essen)m(tially)g(bias-free)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(of)f |
| | 35884 | (coping)f(is)h(to)f(redo)0 756 y(completely)c(an)m(y)j(initial-state)29 |
| | 35885 | b(cascade)k(for)f(whic)m(h)h(this)g(problem)e(app)s(ears.)146 |
| | 35886 | 865 y(This)j(completes)f(the)h(reconstruction)g(of)e(the)i(3)29 |
| | 35887 | b Fn(!)g Fw(1)22 b(+)h(4)33 b(v)m(ertex.)47 b(The)35 |
| | 35888 | b(subsystem)g(made)e(out)0 973 y(of)h(partons)g(3)g(and)g(2)g(ma)m(y)f |
| | 35889 | (no)m(w)i(b)s(e)f(b)s(o)s(osted)g(to)g(its)g(rest)g(frame)g(and)g |
| | 35890 | (rotated)g(to)f(bring)g(partons)i(3)0 1081 y(and)29 b(2)f(along)f(the)i |
| | 35891 | Fn(\006)p Fj(z)34 b Fw(directions.)42 b(The)29 b(partons)g(1)f(and)h(4) |
| | 35892 | f(no)m(w)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(opp)s(osite)e(and)g(comp)s(ensating)0 |
| | 35893 | 1190 y(transv)m(erse)36 b(momen)m(ta)d(with)g(resp)s(ect)i(to)e(the)i |
| | 35894 | (ev)m(en)m(t)g(axis.)47 b(When)35 b(the)f(next)h(v)m(ertex)g(is)e |
| | 35895 | (considered,)0 1298 y(either)23 b(the)g(one)g(that)f(pro)s(duces)i |
| | 35896 | (parton)f(3)f(or)h(the)g(one)g(that)f(pro)s(duces)i(parton)f(2,)h(the)g |
| | 35897 | (3{2)e(subsystem)0 1406 y(will)f(\014ll)g(the)j(function)e(the)i(1{2)e |
| | 35898 | (system)i(did)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)j(e.g.)40 b(the)24 b(r^)-49 |
| | 35899 | b(ole)22 b(of)k(^)-53 b Fj(s)28 b Fw(=)k(^)-53 b Fj(s)2784 |
| | 35900 | 1421 y Fl(12)2881 1406 y Fw(in)23 b(the)g(form)m(ulae)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e) |
| | 35901 | 0 1515 y(is)28 b(no)m(w)i(pla)m(y)m(ed)f(b)m(y)k(^)-53 |
| | 35902 | b Fj(s)773 1530 y Fl(32)876 1515 y Fw(=)31 b(^)-53 b |
| | 35903 | Fj(s)1025 1530 y Fl(12)1100 1515 y Fj(=z)t Fw(.)43 b(The)29 |
| | 35904 | b(in)m(ternal)f(structure)i(of)e(the)h(3{2)f(system,)j(i.e.)41 |
| | 35905 | b(the)30 b(branc)m(hing)0 1623 y(3)35 b Fn(!)g Fw(1)25 |
| | 35906 | b(+)g(4,)38 b(app)s(ears)g(no)m(where)g(in)f(the)g(con)m(tin)m(ued)h |
| | 35907 | (description,)g(but)f(has)h(b)s(ecome)f(`unresolv)m(ed'.)0 |
| | 35908 | 1731 y(It)42 b(is)f(only)g(re\015ected)j(in)d(the)h(successiv)m(e)i |
| | 35909 | (rotations)d(and)h(b)s(o)s(osts)g(p)s(erformed)f(to)g(bring)g(bac)m(k)i |
| | 35910 | (the)0 1840 y(new)37 b(endp)s(oin)m(ts)e(to)h(their)f(common)f(rest)i |
| | 35911 | (frame.)52 b(Thereb)m(y)38 b(the)e(hard)f(scattering)h(subsystem)h(1{2) |
| | 35912 | 0 1948 y(builds)32 b(up)g(a)g(net)h(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum)30 |
| | 35913 | b(and)j(also)e(an)i(o)m(v)m(erall)e(rotation)g(of)h(the)g(hard)h |
| | 35914 | (scattering)0 2056 y(subsystem.)146 2165 y(After)41 b(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 35915 | (er)h(of)f(steps,)k(the)c(t)m(w)m(o)h(outermost)g(partons)f(ha)m(v)m(e) |
| | 35916 | i(virtualities)c Fj(Q)3268 2129 y Fl(2)3348 2165 y Fj(<)j(Q)3542 |
| | 35917 | 2129 y Fl(2)3542 2189 y(0)3622 2165 y Fw(and)0 2273 y(then)27 |
| | 35918 | b(the)f(sho)m(w)m(er)i(is)e(terminated)f(and)i(the)f(endp)s(oin)m(ts)h |
| | 35919 | (assigned)f Fj(Q)2515 2237 y Fl(2)2583 2273 y Fw(=)h(0.)41 |
| | 35920 | b(Up)27 b(to)e(small)f(corrections)0 2382 y(from)37 b(primordial)e |
| | 35921 | Fj(k)770 2397 y Fk(?)829 2382 y Fw(,)40 b(discussed)g(in)d(section)i |
| | 35922 | (11.1,)g(a)f(\014nal)g(b)s(o)s(ost)g(will)e(bring)h(the)i(partons)g |
| | 35923 | (from)0 2490 y(their)34 b(c.m.)50 b(frame)33 b(to)i(the)g(o)m(v)m |
| | 35924 | (erall)e(c.m.)50 b(frame,)34 b(where)i(the)f Fj(x)g Fw(v)-5 |
| | 35925 | b(alues)35 b(of)f(the)h(outermost)f(partons)0 2598 y(agree)f(also)e |
| | 35926 | (with)i(the)g(ligh)m(t-cone)e(de\014nition.)0 2846 y |
| | 35927 | Fo(10.3.4)113 b(Other)37 b(initial-state)d(sho)m(w)m(er)k(asp)s(ects)0 |
| | 35928 | 3019 y Fw(In)26 b(the)f(form)m(ulae)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)k |
| | 35929 | Fj(Q)1044 2982 y Fl(2)1108 3019 y Fw(has)e(b)s(een)g(used)g(as)g |
| | 35930 | (argumen)m(t)f(for)f Fj(\013)2458 3034 y Fl(s)2491 3019 |
| | 35931 | y Fw(,)i(and)g(not)f(only)f(as)i(the)g(space-lik)m(e)0 |
| | 35932 | 3127 y(virtualit)m(y)h(of)i(partons.)43 b(This)29 b(is)g(one)g(p)s |
| | 35933 | (ossibilit)m(y)-8 b(,)28 b(but)h(in)g(fact)g(lo)s(op)f(calculations)f |
| | 35934 | (tend)j(to)f(indicate)0 3235 y(that)41 b(the)i(prop)s(er)e(argumen)m(t) |
| | 35935 | h(for)f Fj(\013)1384 3250 y Fl(s)1458 3235 y Fw(is)g(not)g |
| | 35936 | Fj(Q)1824 3199 y Fl(2)1906 3235 y Fw(but)h Fj(p)2143 |
| | 35937 | 3199 y Fl(2)2143 3260 y Fk(?)2245 3235 y Fw(=)h(\(1)28 |
| | 35938 | b Fn(\000)h Fj(z)t Fw(\))p Fj(Q)2749 3199 y Fl(2)2831 |
| | 35939 | 3235 y Fw([Bas83].)71 b(The)42 b(v)-5 b(ariable)0 3344 |
| | 35940 | y Fj(p)49 3359 y Fk(?)145 3344 y Fw(do)s(es)37 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)f(in) |
| | 35941 | m(terpretation)e(of)i(transv)m(erse)h(momen)m(tum,)f(although)e(it)h |
| | 35942 | (is)g(only)g(exactly)h(so)0 3452 y(for)i(a)h(branc)m(hing)g |
| | 35943 | Fj(a)g Fn(!)g Fj(bc)h Fw(with)e Fj(a)h Fw(and)g Fj(c)g |
| | 35944 | Fw(massless)g(and)g Fj(Q)2327 3416 y Fl(2)2407 3452 y |
| | 35945 | Fw(=)g Fn(\000)p Fj(m)2685 3416 y Fl(2)2685 3477 y Fh(b)2726 |
| | 35946 | 3452 y Fw(,)i(and)e(with)f Fj(z)45 b Fw(in)m(terpreted)0 |
| | 35947 | 3560 y(as)38 b(ligh)m(t-cone)f(fraction)f(of)i(energy)h(and)f(momen)m |
| | 35948 | (tum.)58 b(The)38 b(use)h(of)f Fj(\013)2696 3575 y Fl(s)2728 |
| | 35949 | 3560 y Fw(\(\(1)25 b Fn(\000)h Fj(z)t Fw(\))p Fj(Q)3145 |
| | 35950 | 3524 y Fl(2)3186 3560 y Fw(\))38 b(is)f(default)g(in)0 |
| | 35951 | 3669 y(the)f(program.)52 b(Indeed,)38 b(if)d(one)h(w)m(an)m(ted)h(to,)f |
| | 35952 | (the)g(complete)f(sho)m(w)m(er)j(migh)m(t)c(b)s(e)i(in)m(terpreted)h |
| | 35953 | (as)f(an)0 3777 y(ev)m(olution)c(in)g Fj(p)586 3741 y |
| | 35954 | Fl(2)586 3802 y Fk(?)677 3777 y Fw(rather)h(than)f(in)g |
| | 35955 | Fj(Q)1388 3741 y Fl(2)1428 3777 y Fw(.)146 3885 y(As)37 |
| | 35956 | b(w)m(e)h(see,)h(the)e(initial-state)32 b(sho)m(w)m(ering)38 |
| | 35957 | b(algorithm)33 b(leads)j(to)g(a)h(net)f(b)s(o)s(ost)g(and)h(rotation)e |
| | 35958 | (of)0 3994 y(the)29 b(hard)f(scattering)g(subsystems.)44 |
| | 35959 | b(The)29 b(o)m(v)m(erall)f(\014nal)f(state)i(is)e(made)h(ev)m(en)i |
| | 35960 | (more)d(complex)h(b)m(y)h(the)0 4102 y(additional)i(\014nal-state)j |
| | 35961 | (radiation.)46 b(In)35 b(principle,)e(the)i(complexit)m(y)f(is)f(v)m |
| | 35962 | (ery)j(ph)m(ysical,)f(but)f(it)g(ma)m(y)0 4210 y(still)d(ha)m(v)m(e)k |
| | 35963 | (undesirable)f(side)f(e\013ects.)48 b(One)34 b(suc)m(h,)i(discussed)f |
| | 35964 | (further)f(in)f(section)g(9.2,)h(is)f(that)g(it)g(is)0 |
| | 35965 | 4319 y(v)m(ery)27 b(di\016cult)f(to)f(generate)i(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(that)e |
| | 35966 | (ful\014ll)d(sp)s(eci\014c)k(kinematics)e(conditions,)h(since)g |
| | 35967 | (kinematics)0 4427 y(is)32 b(smeared)h(and)g(ev)m(en,)h(at)e(times,)g |
| | 35968 | (am)m(biguous.)146 4535 y(A)42 b(sp)s(ecial)e(case)i(is)e(encoun)m |
| | 35969 | (tered)k(in)c(deep)i(inelastic)e(scattering)h(in)f(ep)i(collisions.)66 |
| | 35970 | b(Here)42 b(the)0 4644 y(DIS)34 b Fj(x)g Fw(and)g Fj(Q)555 |
| | 35971 | 4608 y Fl(2)629 4644 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)34 b(are)g(de\014ned)i(in)d |
| | 35972 | (terms)h(of)g(the)g(scattered)h(electron)f(direction)f(and)h(energy)-8 |
| | 35973 | b(,)0 4752 y(and)35 b(therefore)g(are)f(unam)m(biguous)g(\(except)i |
| | 35974 | (for)e(issues)i(of)e(\014nal-state)g(photon)g(radiation)e(close)j(to)0 |
| | 35975 | 4860 y(the)e(electron)f(direction\).)42 b(Neither)32 |
| | 35976 | b(initial-)c(nor)k(\014nal-state)g(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(preserv)m(e)h(the)e |
| | 35977 | (kinematics)e(of)0 4969 y(the)36 b(scattered)h(electron,)f(ho)m(w)m(ev) |
| | 35978 | m(er,)j(and)d(hence)h(the)f(DIS)g Fj(x)g Fw(and)f Fj(Q)2594 |
| | 35979 | 4933 y Fl(2)2670 4969 y Fw(are)g(c)m(hanged.)54 b(In)36 |
| | 35980 | b(principle,)0 5077 y(this)30 b(is)h(p)s(erfectly)g(legitimate,)d(with) |
| | 35981 | i(the)h(ca)m(v)m(eat)h(that)f(one)g(then)h(also)d(should)i(use)h |
| | 35982 | (di\013eren)m(t)f(sets)h(of)0 5186 y(parton)e(distributions)g(than)g |
| | 35983 | (ones)i(deriv)m(ed)f(from)f(DIS,)g(since)i(these)f(are)g(based)h(on)e |
| | 35984 | (the)h(kinematics)0 5294 y(of)43 b(the)i(scattered)g(lepton)e(and)h |
| | 35985 | (nothing)f(else.)77 b(Alternativ)m(ely)-8 b(,)46 b(one)e(migh)m(t)f |
| | 35986 | (consider)h(sho)m(w)m(ering)0 5402 y(sc)m(hemes)34 b(that)e(lea)m(v)m |
| | 35987 | (e)h Fj(x)g Fw(and)f Fj(Q)1178 5366 y Fl(2)1250 5402 |
| | 35988 | y Fw(unc)m(hanged.)45 b(In)33 b([Ben88])f(detailed)g(mo)s |
| | 35989 | (di\014cations)e(are)i(presen)m(ted)0 5511 y(that)g(mak)m(e)g(a)f |
| | 35990 | (preserv)-5 b(ation)32 b(p)s(ossible)g(when)h(radiation)c(o\013)j(the)g |
| | 35991 | (incoming)e(and)i(outgoing)f(electron)0 5619 y(is)h(neglected,)h(but)g |
| | 35992 | (these)h(are)f(not)f(included)g(in)g(the)h(curren)m(t)h(v)m(ersion)f |
| | 35993 | (of)39 b Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)1817 5953 y(205)p eop |
| | 35994 | %%Page: 206 212 |
| | 35995 | 206 211 bop 146 -18 a Fw(What)31 b(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)29 |
| | 35996 | b(as)h(an)h(option,)f(is)g(a)g(simple)f(mac)m(hinery)i(whic)m(h)g |
| | 35997 | (preserv)m(es)i Fj(x)e Fw(and)g Fj(Q)3512 -55 y Fl(2)3582 |
| | 35998 | -18 y Fw(from)0 90 y(the)d(e\013ects)h(of)f(QCD)f(radiation,)g(and)h |
| | 35999 | (also)f(from)g(those)h(of)f(primordial)e Fj(k)2732 105 |
| | 36000 | y Fk(?)2818 90 y Fw(and)j(the)g(b)s(eam)g(remnan)m(t)0 |
| | 36001 | 198 y(treatmen)m(t,)47 b(as)d(follo)m(ws.)76 b(After)44 |
| | 36002 | b(the)g(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(ha)m(v)m(e)f(b)s(een)g(generated,)i(the)d |
| | 36003 | (four-momen)m(tum)e(of)0 307 y(the)j(scattered)g(lepton)f(is)g(c)m |
| | 36004 | (hanged)h(to)f(the)h(exp)s(ected)h(one,)h(based)e(on)g(the)f(nominal)e |
| | 36005 | Fj(x)i Fw(and)h Fj(Q)3740 270 y Fl(2)0 415 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 36006 | b(alues.)43 b(The)34 b(azim)m(uthal)c(angle)h(of)h(the)h(lepton)f(is)g |
| | 36007 | (main)m(tained)e(when)k(the)e(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum)0 |
| | 36008 | 523 y(is)24 b(adjusted.)42 b(Photon)24 b(radiation)f(o\013)h(the)h |
| | 36009 | (lepton)f(leg)g(is)g(not)g(fully)f(accoun)m(ted)j(for,)g(i.e.)40 |
| | 36010 | b(it)24 b(is)g(assumed)0 632 y(that)38 b(the)h(energy)g(of)f |
| | 36011 | (\014nal-state)g(photons)h(is)e(added)i(to)f(that)h(of)f(the)g |
| | 36012 | (scattered)i(electron)e(for)g(the)0 740 y(de\014nition)32 |
| | 36013 | b(of)g Fj(x)h Fw(and)f Fj(Q)899 704 y Fl(2)971 740 y |
| | 36014 | Fw(\(this)h(is)f(the)h(normal)d(pro)s(cedure)k(for)e |
| | 36015 | (parton-distribution)e(de\014nitions\).)146 848 y(The)43 |
| | 36016 | b(c)m(hange)g(of)e(three-momen)m(tum)g(on)g(the)h(lepton)g(side)f(of)h |
| | 36017 | (the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)f(balanced)f(b)m(y)i(the)0 957 |
| | 36018 | y(\014nal)31 b(state)h(partons)g(on)f(the)h(hadron)g(side,)g(excluding) |
| | 36019 | f(the)h(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(t)h(but)g(including)d(all)h(the)0 |
| | 36020 | 1065 y(partons)43 b(b)s(oth)f(from)f(initial-)d(and)k(\014nal-state)g |
| | 36021 | (sho)m(w)m(ering.)73 b(The)44 b(fraction)d(of)h(three-momen)m(tum)0 |
| | 36022 | 1173 y(shift)i(tak)m(en)h(b)m(y)g(eac)m(h)g(parton)e(is)h(prop)s |
| | 36023 | (ortional)d(to)j(its)g(original)c(ligh)m(t-cone)j(momen)m(tum)g(in)g |
| | 36024 | (the)0 1282 y(direction)34 b(of)h(the)g(incoming)e(lepton,)j(i.e.)50 |
| | 36025 | b(to)35 b Fj(E)30 b Fn(\007)24 b Fj(p)1991 1297 y Fh(z)2066 |
| | 36026 | 1282 y Fw(for)35 b(a)g(hadron)g(mo)m(ving)f(in)g(the)i |
| | 36027 | Fn(\006)f Fw(direction.)0 1390 y(This)i(pro)s(cedure)i(guaran)m(tees)f |
| | 36028 | (momen)m(tum)e(but)h(not)g(energy)h(conserv)-5 b(ation.)58 |
| | 36029 | b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(the)i(latter,)f(one)0 1498 y(additional)30 |
| | 36030 | b(degree)j(of)f(freedom)g(is)g(needed,)i(whic)m(h)f(is)f(tak)m(en)h(to) |
| | 36031 | g(b)s(e)f(the)h(longitudinal)c(momen)m(tum)0 1607 y(of)k(the)g(initial) |
| | 36032 | c(state)34 b(sho)m(w)m(er)g(initiator.)42 b(As)33 b(this)g(momen)m(tum) |
| | 36033 | e(is)i(mo)s(di\014ed,)f(the)h(c)m(hange)h(is)f(shared)0 |
| | 36034 | 1715 y(b)m(y)i(the)g(\014nal)f(state)h(partons)f(on)h(the)g(hadron)f |
| | 36035 | (side,)h(according)f(to)g(the)h(same)f(ligh)m(t-cone)f(fractions)0 |
| | 36036 | 1823 y(as)k(b)s(efore)g(\(based)g(on)g(the)g(original)d(momen)m(ta\).) |
| | 36037 | 54 b(Energy)38 b(conserv)-5 b(ation)37 b(requires)g(that)g(the)g(total) |
| | 36038 | 0 1932 y(c)m(hange)45 b(in)e(\014nal)g(state)h(parton)f(energies)i |
| | 36039 | (plus)e(the)h(c)m(hange)h(in)e(lepton)g(side)h(energy)h(equals)f(the)0 |
| | 36040 | 2040 y(c)m(hange)39 b(in)f(initiator)d(energy)-8 b(.)62 |
| | 36041 | b(This)39 b(condition)e(can)i(b)s(e)f(turned)i(in)m(to)d(an)i(iterativ) |
| | 36042 | m(e)e(pro)s(cedure)j(to)0 2148 y(\014nd)33 b(the)g(initiator)c(momen)m |
| | 36043 | (tum)j(shift.)146 2257 y(Sometimes)e(the)i(pro)s(cedure)g(ma)m(y)f |
| | 36044 | (break)g(do)m(wn.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(instance,)h(an)f(initiator)c |
| | 36045 | (with)k Fj(x)d(>)g Fw(1)j(ma)m(y)0 2365 y(b)s(e)j(reconstructed.)49 |
| | 36046 | b(If)33 b(this)h(should)f(happ)s(en,)i(the)f Fj(x)g Fw(and)g |
| | 36047 | Fj(Q)2282 2329 y Fl(2)2356 2365 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)33 |
| | 36048 | b(of)g(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(are)f(preserv)m(ed,)0 2473 |
| | 36049 | y(but)i(new)h(initial)c(and)j(\014nal)f(state)h(sho)m(w)m(ers)j(are)d |
| | 36050 | (generated.)54 b(After)37 b(\014v)m(e)g(suc)m(h)g(failures,)f(the)h(ev) |
| | 36051 | m(en)m(t)0 2582 y(is)32 b(completely)g(discared)g(in)g(fa)m(v)m(our)h |
| | 36052 | (of)f(a)h(new)g(kinematical)d(setup.)146 2690 y(Kindly)38 |
| | 36053 | b(note)h(that)g(the)h(four-momen)m(tum)d(of)h(in)m(termediate)g |
| | 36054 | (partons)h(in)f(the)i(sho)m(w)m(er)h(history)0 2798 y(are)31 |
| | 36055 | b(not)f(b)s(eing)g(adjusted.)44 b(In)31 b(a)g(listing)d(of)i(the)i |
| | 36056 | (complete)e(ev)m(en)m(t)i(history)-8 b(,)31 b(energy)h(and)f(momen)m |
| | 36057 | (tum)0 2907 y(need)40 b(then)f(not)f(b)s(e)h(conserv)m(ed)i(in)d(sho)m |
| | 36058 | (w)m(er)i(branc)m(hings.)62 b(This)38 b(mismatc)m(h)g(could)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 36059 | (\014xed)i(up,)h(if)0 3015 y(need)34 b(b)s(e.)146 3123 |
| | 36060 | y(The)h(sc)m(heme)h(presen)m(ted)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(should)e(not)h(b)s |
| | 36061 | (e)h(tak)m(en)g(to)s(o)e(literally)-8 b(,)31 b(but)j(is)g(rather)g(in)m |
| | 36062 | (tended)0 3232 y(as)f(a)g(con)m(trast)h(to)e(the)i(more)e |
| | 36063 | (sophisticated)h(sc)m(hemes)i(already)d(on)h(the)h(mark)m(et,)f(if)f |
| | 36064 | (one)h(w)m(ould)g(lik)m(e)0 3340 y(to)d(understand)i(whether)g(the)g |
| | 36065 | (kind)e(of)g(conserv)-5 b(ation)31 b(sc)m(heme)h(c)m(hosen)g(do)s(es)f |
| | 36066 | (a\013ect)g(the)g(observ)-5 b(able)0 3448 y(ph)m(ysics.)0 |
| | 36067 | 3722 y Fp(10.4)136 b(Routines)46 b(and)e(Common)i(Blo)t(c)l(k)e(V)-11 |
| | 36068 | b(ariables)0 3895 y Fw(In)32 b(this)g(section)h(w)m(e)g(collect)e |
| | 36069 | (information)e(on)j(ho)m(w)h(to)e(use)j(the)e(initial-)c(and)k |
| | 36070 | (\014nal-state)g(sho)m(w)m(ering)0 4003 y(routines.)43 |
| | 36071 | b(Of)30 b(these)i Fq(LUSHOW)g Fw(for)e(\014nal-state)g(radiation)e(is)j |
| | 36072 | (the)g(more)f(generally)f(in)m(teresting,)i(since)0 4112 |
| | 36073 | y(it)k(can)h(b)s(e)g(called)f(to)h(let)f(a)h(user-de\014ned)h(parton)f |
| | 36074 | (con\014guration)f(sho)m(w)m(er.)56 b Fq(PYSSPA)p Fw(,)37 |
| | 36075 | b(on)f(the)g(other)0 4220 y(hand,)j(is)f(so)g(in)m(tert)m(wined)g(with) |
| | 36076 | f(the)h(general)g(structure)h(of)e(a)h Fm(Pythia)f Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)j |
| | 36077 | (that)e(it)e(is)i(of)f(little)0 4328 y(use)d(as)e(a)h(stand-alone)e |
| | 36078 | (pro)s(duct.)p 0 4473 1440 9 v 0 4698 9 225 v 79 4613 |
| | 36079 | a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUSHOW\(IP1,IP2,QMAX\))p 1432 4698 V 0 |
| | 36080 | 4706 1440 9 v 0 4837 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)40 b(generate)h(time-lik) |
| | 36081 | m(e)d(parton)i(sho)m(w)m(ers,)k(con)m(v)m(en)m(tional)d(or)f(coheren)m |
| | 36082 | (t.)68 b(The)41 b(p)s(erfor-)472 4946 y(mance)29 b(of)f(the)g(program)f |
| | 36083 | (is)h(regulated)g(b)m(y)h(the)g(switc)m(hes)h Fq(MSTJ\(40\))53 |
| | 36084 | b(-)f(MSTJ\(50\))30 b Fw(and)472 5054 y(parameters)37 |
| | 36085 | b Fq(PARJ\(81\))53 b(-)f(PARJ\(89\))p Fw(.)58 b(In)36 |
| | 36086 | b(order)h(to)f(k)m(eep)j(trac)m(k)e(of)f(the)h(colour)f(\015o)m(w)472 |
| | 36087 | 5163 y(information,)e(the)h(p)s(ositions)g Fq(K\(I,4\))i |
| | 36088 | Fw(and)e Fq(K\(I,5\))i Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to)e(b)s(e)h(organized)f(prop)s |
| | 36089 | (erly)472 5271 y(for)46 b(sho)m(w)m(ering)h(partons.)85 |
| | 36090 | b(Inside)47 b(the)g Fm(Jetset/Pythia)e Fw(programs,)k(this)d(is)g(done) |
| | 36091 | 472 5379 y(automatically)-8 b(,)30 b(but)i(for)g(external)h(use)h(prop) |
| | 36092 | s(er)e(care)h(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(tak)m(en.)0 5488 y Fq(IP1)52 |
| | 36093 | b(>)g(0,)f(IP2)h(=)g(0)g(:)47 b Fw(generate)c(a)f(time-lik)m(e)d |
| | 36094 | (parton)j(sho)m(w)m(er)i(for)e(the)g(parton)g(in)g(line)e |
| | 36095 | Fq(IP1)j Fw(in)472 5596 y(common)k(blo)s(c)m(k)g Fq(LUJETS)p |
| | 36096 | Fw(,)j(with)d(maxim)m(um)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(mass)h Fq(QMAX)p |
| | 36097 | Fw(.)h(With)e(only)g(one)1817 5953 y(206)p eop |
| | 36098 | %%Page: 207 213 |
| | 36099 | 207 212 bop 472 -18 a Fw(parton)31 b(at)e(hand,)j(one)e(cannot)h(sim)m |
| | 36100 | (ultaneously)e(conserv)m(e)j(b)s(oth)e(energy)i(and)e(momen-)472 |
| | 36101 | 90 y(tum:)51 b(w)m(e)37 b(here)g(c)m(ho)s(ose)h(to)e(conserv)m(e)i |
| | 36102 | (energy)g(and)e(jet)g(direction,)h(while)e(longitudinal)472 |
| | 36103 | 198 y(momen)m(tum)d(\(along)f(the)i(jet)f(axis\))h(is)f(not)g(conserv)m |
| | 36104 | (ed.)0 307 y Fq(IP1)52 b(>)g(0,)f(IP2)h(>)g(0)g(:)47 |
| | 36105 | b Fw(generate)33 b(time-lik)m(e)d(parton)j(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(for)d(the)h |
| | 36106 | (t)m(w)m(o)g(partons)g(in)f(lines)g Fq(IP1)472 415 y |
| | 36107 | Fw(and)k Fq(IP2)g Fw(in)f(the)h(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)h |
| | 36108 | Fq(LUJETS)p Fw(,)i(with)e(maxim)m(um)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(mass)h(for)f |
| | 36109 | (eac)m(h)472 523 y(parton)f Fq(QMAX)p Fw(.)i(F)-8 b(or)33 |
| | 36110 | b(sho)m(w)m(er)j(ev)m(olution,)e(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(partons)f(are)h(b)s |
| | 36111 | (o)s(osted)f(to)g(their)g(c.m.)472 632 y(frame.)51 b(Energy)36 |
| | 36112 | b(and)f(momen)m(tum)f(is)g(conserv)m(ed)k(for)c(the)i(pair)e(of)h |
| | 36113 | (partons,)h(although)472 740 y(not)29 b(for)g(eac)m(h)h(individually)-8 |
| | 36114 | b(.)39 b(One)30 b(of)f(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(partons)f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 36115 | (replaced)f(b)m(y)h(a)f(nonra-)472 848 y(diating)i(particle,)g(suc)m(h) |
| | 36116 | j(as)f(a)g(photon)f(or)g(a)h(diquark;)f(the)h(energy)h(and)f(momen)m |
| | 36117 | (tum)e(of)472 957 y(this)25 b(particle)f(will)e(then)k(b)s(e)f(mo)s |
| | 36118 | (di\014ed)e(to)i(conserv)m(e)i(the)e(total)f(energy)i(and)f(momen)m |
| | 36119 | (tum.)0 1065 y Fq(IP1)52 b(>)g(0,)f(IP2)h(<)g(0)g(:)47 |
| | 36120 | b Fw(generate)29 b(time-lik)m(e)c(parton)j(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(for)e(the)g |
| | 36121 | Fq(-IP2)h Fw(\(at)f(most)g(3\))f(partons)472 1173 y(in)37 |
| | 36122 | b(lines)g Fq(IP1)p Fw(,)j Fq(IP1+1)p Fw(,)g(.)16 b(.)g(.)g |
| | 36123 | Fq(IPI-IP2-1)41 b Fw(in)36 b(the)i(common)f(blo)s(c)m(k)g |
| | 36124 | Fq(LUJETS)p Fw(,)i(with)e(maxi-)472 1282 y(m)m(um)c(allo)m(w)m(ed)f |
| | 36125 | (mass)i(for)e(eac)m(h)i(parton)g Fq(QMAX)p Fw(.)g(The)g(actions)f(for)g |
| | 36126 | Fq(IP2=-1)i Fw(and)e Fq(IP2=-2)472 1390 y Fw(corresp)s(ond)j(to)e(what) |
| | 36127 | g(is)g(describ)s(ed)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)f(but)g(additionally)e |
| | 36128 | Fq(IP2=-3)i Fw(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)472 1498 y(to)c(generate)g(the)h |
| | 36129 | (ev)m(olution)d(starting)h(from)g(three)h(giv)m(en)g(partons)g(\(e.g.) |
| | 36130 | 43 b(in)29 b(\007)f Fn(!)f Fw(ggg)q(\).)472 1607 y(Then)38 |
| | 36131 | b(the)f(three)h(partons)f(are)f(b)s(o)s(osted)h(to)g(their)f(c.m.)55 |
| | 36132 | b(frame,)37 b(energy)h(is)e(conserv)m(ed)472 1715 y(for)c(eac)m(h)i |
| | 36133 | (parton)e(individually)e(and)i(momen)m(tum)g(for)g(the)h(system)g(as)g |
| | 36134 | (a)f(whole.)0 1823 y Fq(QMAX)52 b(:)165 b Fw(the)26 b(maxim)m(um)d |
| | 36135 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)h(mass)h(of)g(a)g(radiating)e(parton,)j(i.e.)41 |
| | 36136 | b(the)26 b(starting)e(v)-5 b(alue)24 b(for)h(the)472 |
| | 36137 | 1932 y(subsequen)m(t)k(ev)m(olution.)41 b(\(In)26 b(addition,)f(the)i |
| | 36138 | (mass)f(of)f(a)h(single)e(parton)i(ma)m(y)g(not)f(exceed)472 |
| | 36139 | 2040 y(its)j(energy)-8 b(,)29 b(the)f(mass)g(of)f(a)g(parton)h(in)f(a)g |
| | 36140 | (system)i(ma)m(y)e(not)h(exceed)h(the)f(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)27 |
| | 36141 | b(mass)472 2148 y(of)33 b(the)g(system.\))0 2336 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 |
| | 36142 | b(PYSSPA\(IPU1,IPU2\))i(:)47 b Fw(to)25 b(generate)i(the)f(space-lik)m |
| | 36143 | (e)f(sho)m(w)m(ers)j(of)d(the)h(initial-state)472 2444 |
| | 36144 | y(radiation.)p 0 2594 2876 9 v 0 2819 9 225 v 79 2734 |
| | 36145 | a Fq(COMMON/LUDAT1/MSTU\(200\),)q(PARU)q(\(200)q(\),MS)q(TJ\()q(200\))q |
| | 36146 | (,PAR)q(J\(20)q(0\))p 2867 2819 V 0 2827 2876 9 v 0 2959 |
| | 36147 | a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)31 b(giv)m(e)h(access)i(to)d(a)h(n)m(um)m |
| | 36148 | (b)s(er)g(of)f(status)i(co)s(des)g(and)f(parameters)f(whic)m(h)i |
| | 36149 | (regulate)e(the)472 3067 y(p)s(erformance)k(of)42 b Fm(Jetset)p |
| | 36150 | Fw(.)50 b(Most)36 b(parameters)f(are)g(describ)s(ed)h(in)e(section)i |
| | 36151 | (14.4;)g(here)472 3175 y(only)d(those)g(related)f(to)g |
| | 36152 | Fq(LUSHOW)i Fw(are)f(describ)s(ed.)0 3338 y Fq(MSTJ\(40\))53 |
| | 36153 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))27 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)f(to)i(suppress)i(the)f |
| | 36154 | (branc)m(hing)f(probabilit)m(y)e(for)i(a)g(branc)m(hing)g(q)g |
| | 36155 | Fn(!)472 3446 y Fw(qg)35 b(\(or)d(q)d Fn(!)f Fw(q)p Fj(\015)5 |
| | 36156 | b Fw(\))33 b(of)f(a)h(quark)h(pro)s(duced)f(in)g(the)g(deca)m(y)h(of)e |
| | 36157 | (an)h(unstable)g(particle)f(with)472 3555 y(width)37 |
| | 36158 | b(\000,)h(where)g(this)f(width)f(has)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(b) |
| | 36159 | m(y)g(the)f(user)h(in)e Fq(PARJ\(89\))p Fw(.)59 b(The)472 |
| | 36160 | 3663 y(algorithm)24 b(used)k(is)f(not)g(exact,)i(but)e(still)e(giv)m |
| | 36161 | (es)i(some)g(impression)f(of)h(p)s(oten)m(tial)e(e\013ects.)472 |
| | 36162 | 3771 y(This)40 b(switc)m(h)g(ough)m(t)f(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(app)s(eared)f |
| | 36163 | (at)f(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)h(curren)m(t)g(list)e(of)h(sho)m(w)m(er)472 |
| | 36164 | 3880 y(switc)m(hes)29 b(\(after)e Fq(MSTJ\(50\))p Fw(\),)k(but)c(b)s |
| | 36165 | (ecause)i(of)e(lac)m(k)g(of)g(space)i(it)d(app)s(ears)i(immediately)472 |
| | 36166 | 3988 y(b)s(efore.)236 4096 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)32 |
| | 36167 | b(suppression,)i(i.e.)43 b(the)33 b(standard)g(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h |
| | 36168 | (mac)m(hinery)-8 b(.)236 4205 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b |
| | 36169 | Fw(suppress)50 b(radiation)45 b(b)m(y)k(a)e(factor)g |
| | 36170 | Fj(\037)p Fw(\()p Fj(!)t Fw(\))53 b(=)g(\000)2534 4168 |
| | 36171 | y Fl(2)2574 4205 y Fj(=)p Fw(\(\000)2722 4168 y Fl(2)2793 |
| | 36172 | 4205 y Fw(+)33 b Fj(!)2967 4168 y Fl(2)3005 4205 y Fw(\),)52 |
| | 36173 | b(where)d Fj(!)i Fw(is)c(the)709 4313 y(energy)30 b(of)g(the)g(gluon)e |
| | 36174 | (\(or)i(photon\))f(in)g(the)h(rest)h(frame)d(of)i(the)g(radiating)d |
| | 36175 | (dip)s(ole.)709 4421 y(Essen)m(tially)32 b(this)g(means)h(that)f(hard)h |
| | 36176 | (radiation)d(with)i Fj(!)f(>)d Fw(\000)k(is)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)236 |
| | 36177 | 4530 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(suppress)37 b(radiation)c(b)m(y)j(a)f |
| | 36178 | (factor)f(1)24 b Fn(\000)g Fj(\037)p Fw(\()p Fj(!)t Fw(\))31 |
| | 36179 | b(=)h Fj(!)2606 4494 y Fl(2)2645 4530 y Fj(=)p Fw(\(\000)2793 |
| | 36180 | 4494 y Fl(2)2856 4530 y Fw(+)23 b Fj(!)3020 4494 y Fl(2)3059 |
| | 36181 | 4530 y Fw(\),)36 b(where)g Fj(!)i Fw(is)d(the)709 4638 |
| | 36182 | y(energy)30 b(of)g(the)g(gluon)e(\(or)i(photon\))f(in)g(the)h(rest)h |
| | 36183 | (frame)d(of)i(the)g(radiating)d(dip)s(ole.)709 4746 y(Essen)m(tially)32 |
| | 36184 | b(this)g(means)h(that)f(soft)h(radiation)d(with)i Fj(!)f(<)d |
| | 36185 | Fw(\000)k(is)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)0 4855 y Fq(MSTJ\(41\))53 |
| | 36186 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))31 b(t)m(yp)s(e)j(of)e(branc)m(hings)h(allo)m(w)m |
| | 36187 | (ed)f(in)g(sho)m(w)m(er.)236 4963 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 36188 | b Fw(no)32 b(branc)m(hings)h(at)f(all,)f(i.e.)43 b(sho)m(w)m(er)34 |
| | 36189 | b(is)e(switc)m(hed)i(o\013.)236 5071 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 36190 | b Fw(QCD)32 b(t)m(yp)s(e)h(branc)m(hings)g(of)g(quarks)g(and)g(gluons.) |
| | 36191 | 236 5180 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(also)26 b(emission)f(of)i(photons)g |
| | 36192 | (o\013)f(quarks)i(and)f(leptons;)i(the)f(photons)f(are)g(assumed)709 |
| | 36193 | 5288 y(on)32 b(the)h(mass)g(shell.)236 5396 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 36194 | b(10)g(:)165 b Fw(as)36 b Fq(=2)p Fw(,)h(but)f(enhance)i(photon)d |
| | 36195 | (emission)g(b)m(y)i(a)e(factor)h Fq(PARJ\(84\))p Fw(.)55 |
| | 36196 | b(This)37 b(option)709 5505 y(is)h(unph)m(ysical,)k(but)d(for)g(mo)s |
| | 36197 | (derate)f(v)-5 b(alues,)41 b Fq(PARJ\(84\))p Fn(\024)g |
| | 36198 | Fw(10,)g(it)d(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(used)709 5613 y(to)29 |
| | 36199 | b(enhance)j(the)f(prompt)e(photon)h(signal)f(in)g(q)p |
| | 36200 | 2472 5560 52 4 v(q)i(ev)m(en)m(ts.)45 b(The)32 b(normalization)26 |
| | 36201 | b(of)1817 5953 y(207)p eop |
| | 36202 | %%Page: 208 214 |
| | 36203 | 208 213 bop 709 -18 a Fw(the)32 b(prompt)f(photon)i(rate)f(should)f |
| | 36204 | (then)i(b)s(e)f(scaled)h(do)m(wn)g(b)m(y)f(the)h(same)f(factor.)709 |
| | 36205 | 90 y(The)e(dangers)h(of)e(an)h(improp)s(er)e(use)j(are)f(signi\014can)m |
| | 36206 | (t,)g(so)g(do)g(not)f(use)i(this)f(option)709 198 y(if)h(y)m(ou)i(do)g |
| | 36207 | (not)f(kno)m(w)i(what)f(y)m(ou)g(are)g(doing.)0 307 y |
| | 36208 | Fq(MSTJ\(42\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))31 b(branc)m(hing)i(mo)s(de)f(for) |
| | 36209 | g(time-lik)m(e)e(sho)m(w)m(ers.)236 415 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 36210 | b Fw(con)m(v)m(en)m(tional)32 b(branc)m(hing,)h(i.e.)43 |
| | 36211 | b(without)32 b(angular)f(ordering.)236 523 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 36212 | b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(coheren)m(t)34 b(branc)m(hing,)e(i.e.)43 |
| | 36213 | b(with)32 b(angular)g(ordering.)0 632 y Fq(MSTJ\(43\))53 |
| | 36214 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=4\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f Fj(z)38 b Fw(de\014nition)31 |
| | 36215 | b(in)h(branc)m(hing.)236 740 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b |
| | 36216 | Fw(energy)33 b(fraction)f(in)f(grandmother's)i(rest)g(frame)f(\(`lo)s |
| | 36217 | (cal,)e(constrained'\).)236 848 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 36218 | b Fw(energy)24 b(fraction)d(in)h(grandmother's)h(rest)h(frame)e |
| | 36219 | (assuming)g(massless)h(daugh)m(ters,)709 957 y(with)39 |
| | 36220 | b(energy)h(and)g(momen)m(tum)e(resh)m(u\017ed)j(for)e(massiv)m(e)h |
| | 36221 | (ones)g(\(`lo)s(cal,)f(uncon-)709 1065 y(strained'\).)236 |
| | 36222 | 1173 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(energy)45 b(fraction)f(in)g(c.m.)80 |
| | 36223 | b(frame)43 b(of)i(the)g(sho)m(w)m(ering)g(partons)g(\(`global,)h(con-) |
| | 36224 | 709 1282 y(strained'\).)236 1390 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 |
| | 36225 | b Fw(energy)37 b(fraction)e(in)g(c.m.)54 b(frame)36 b(of)g(the)g(sho)m |
| | 36226 | (w)m(ering)h(partons)g(assuming)e(mass-)709 1498 y(less)j(daugh)m |
| | 36227 | (ters,)j(with)c(energy)j(and)e(momen)m(tum)f(resh)m(u\017ed)j(for)d |
| | 36228 | (massiv)m(e)i(ones)709 1607 y(\(`global,)30 b(unconstrained'\).)0 |
| | 36229 | 1715 y Fq(MSTJ\(44\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f |
| | 36230 | Fj(\013)1330 1730 y Fl(s)1395 1715 y Fw(scale)h(for)f(sho)m(w)m(er.)236 |
| | 36231 | 1823 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(\014xed)33 b(at)g Fq(PARU\(111\))i |
| | 36232 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)236 1932 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(running)42 |
| | 36233 | b(with)g Fj(Q)1391 1896 y Fl(2)1476 1932 y Fw(=)i Fj(m)1681 |
| | 36234 | 1896 y Fl(2)1721 1932 y Fj(=)p Fw(4,)h Fj(m)e Fw(mass)f(of)h(deca)m |
| | 36235 | (ying)g(parton,)i(\003)d(as)h(stored)g(in)709 2040 y |
| | 36236 | Fq(PARJ\(81\))34 b Fw(\(natural)e(c)m(hoice)h(for)f(con)m(v)m(en)m |
| | 36237 | (tional)g(sho)m(w)m(ers\).)236 2148 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 36238 | b Fw(running)30 b(with)g Fj(Q)1367 2112 y Fl(2)1434 2148 |
| | 36239 | y Fw(=)e Fj(z)t Fw(\(1)18 b Fn(\000)g Fj(z)t Fw(\))p |
| | 36240 | Fj(m)1959 2112 y Fl(2)2000 2148 y Fw(,)31 b(i.e.)42 b(roughly)30 |
| | 36241 | b Fj(p)2627 2112 y Fl(2)2627 2173 y Fk(?)2716 2148 y |
| | 36242 | Fw(of)g(branc)m(hing,)h(\003)f(as)h(stored)709 2257 y(in)g |
| | 36243 | Fq(PARJ\(81\))k Fw(\(natural)c(c)m(hoice)i(for)f(coheren)m(t)i(sho)m(w) |
| | 36244 | m(ers\).)0 2365 y Fq(MSTJ\(45\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=5\))37 |
| | 36245 | b(maxim)m(um)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)j(that)f(can)h(b)s(e)g(pro)s(duced)g(in) |
| | 36246 | e(sho)m(w)m(er)j(b)m(y)g(g)e Fn(!)f Fw(q)p 3496 2312 |
| | 36247 | 52 4 v(q)q(;)k(also)472 2473 y(used)35 b(to)e(determine)g(the)g(maxim)m |
| | 36248 | (um)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j(of)f(activ)m(e)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i(in)d(the)i |
| | 36249 | Fj(\013)3353 2488 y Fl(s)3418 2473 y Fw(factor)f(in)472 |
| | 36250 | 2582 y(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(\(here)e(with)f(a)g(minim)m(um)e(of)i |
| | 36251 | (3\).)0 2690 y Fq(MSTJ\(46\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=3\))22 |
| | 36252 | b(nonhomogeneous)h(azim)m(uthal)e(distributions)g(in)h(a)h(sho)m(w)m |
| | 36253 | (er)i(branc)m(hing.)236 2798 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b |
| | 36254 | Fw(azim)m(uthal)30 b(angle)i(is)g(c)m(hosen)i(uniformly)-8 |
| | 36255 | b(.)236 2907 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(nonhomogeneous)38 |
| | 36256 | b(azim)m(uthal)e(angle)i(in)f(gluon)g(deca)m(ys)j(due)f(to)f(a)g |
| | 36257 | (kinematics-)709 3015 y(dep)s(enden)m(t)31 b(e\013ectiv)m(e)f(gluon)e |
| | 36258 | (p)s(olarization.)40 b(Not)29 b(meaningful)e(for)h(scalar)h(mo)s(del,) |
| | 36259 | 709 3123 y(i.e.)43 b(then)33 b(same)f(as)h Fq(=0)p Fw(.)236 |
| | 36260 | 3232 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(nonhomogeneous)26 b(azim)m(uthal)e |
| | 36261 | (angle)h(in)g(gluon)g(deca)m(y)i(due)g(to)f(in)m(terference)h(with)709 |
| | 36262 | 3340 y(nearest)43 b(neigh)m(b)s(our)f(\(in)g(colour\).)72 |
| | 36263 | b(Not)42 b(meaningful)f(for)g(Ab)s(elian)g(mo)s(del,)j(i.e.)709 |
| | 36264 | 3448 y(then)33 b(same)f(as)h Fq(=0)p Fw(.)236 3557 y |
| | 36265 | Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(nonhomogeneous)23 b(azim)m(uthal)f(angle)h(in) |
| | 36266 | g(gluon)f(deca)m(y)j(due)f(to)f(b)s(oth)h(p)s(olarization)709 |
| | 36267 | 3665 y(\()p Fq(=1)p Fw(\))34 b(and)f(in)m(terference)i(\()p |
| | 36268 | Fq(=2)p Fw(\).)47 b(Not)34 b(meaningful)d(for)i(Ab)s(elian)f(mo)s(del,) |
| | 36269 | h(i.e.)46 b(then)709 3774 y(same)32 b(as)h Fq(=1)p Fw(.)44 |
| | 36270 | b(Not)32 b(meaningful)e(for)j(scalar)e(mo)s(del,)g(i.e.)43 |
| | 36271 | b(then)34 b(same)e(as)h Fq(=2)p Fw(.)0 3882 y Fq(MSTJ\(47\))53 |
| | 36272 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=3\))g(corrections)h(to)f(the)h(lo)m(w)m(est-order)g(q)p |
| | 36273 | 2328 3829 V(q)q(g)q(,)k(q)p 2561 3829 V(q)q Fj(\015)5 |
| | 36274 | b Fw(,)53 b Fj(`)2790 3846 y Fl(+)2849 3882 y Fj(`)2890 |
| | 36275 | 3846 y Fk(\000)2949 3882 y Fj(\015)h Fw(or)49 b Fj(`\027)3279 |
| | 36276 | 3897 y Fh(`)3312 3882 y Fj(\015)k Fw(3-parton)472 3990 |
| | 36277 | y(matrix)27 b(elemen)m(t)h(at)f(the)i(\014rst)f(branc)m(hing)g(of)f |
| | 36278 | (either)h(initial)c(parton)k(in)f(a)h(sho)m(w)m(er.)236 |
| | 36279 | 4099 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)32 b(corrections.)236 |
| | 36280 | 4207 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(included)32 b(whenev)m(er)j(scattered)f |
| | 36281 | (partons)f(are)f(q)p 2511 4154 V(q)q(,)h Fj(`)2664 4171 |
| | 36282 | y Fl(+)2723 4207 y Fj(`)2764 4171 y Fk(\000)2855 4207 |
| | 36283 | y Fw(or)f Fj(`\027)3063 4222 y Fh(`)3097 4207 y Fw(.)236 |
| | 36284 | 4315 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(alw)m(a)m(ys)33 b(included)f(when)i |
| | 36285 | (sho)m(w)m(er)g(starts)f(from)e(t)m(w)m(o)j(partons.)236 |
| | 36286 | 4424 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(as)42 b Fq(=1)h Fw(except)h(that)e(for) |
| | 36287 | g(massiv)m(e)h(quarks)h(also)d(the)i(massiv)m(e)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(t) |
| | 36288 | 709 4532 y(expression)32 b(is)f(used,)i(eq.)g(\(30\),)e(while)f |
| | 36289 | Fq(=1)i Fw(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(based)h(on)e(massless)h(matrix)709 |
| | 36290 | 4640 y(elemen)m(ts.)236 4749 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b |
| | 36291 | Fw(as)42 b Fq(=2)h Fw(except)h(that)e(for)g(massiv)m(e)h(quarks)h(also) |
| | 36292 | d(the)i(massiv)m(e)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(t)709 4857 y(expression)29 |
| | 36293 | b(is)e(used,)j(while)d Fq(=2)h Fw(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(based)h(on)f |
| | 36294 | (massless)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts.)0 4965 y Fq(MSTJ\(48\))53 |
| | 36295 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))e(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e(to)j(imp)s(ose)f(maxim)m(um)e |
| | 36296 | (angle)i(for)g(the)i(\014rst)f(branc)m(hing)g(in)f(a)472 |
| | 36297 | 5074 y(sho)m(w)m(er.)236 5182 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b |
| | 36298 | Fw(no)32 b(explicit)f(maxim)m(um)g(angle.)236 5290 y |
| | 36299 | Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(maxim)m(um)53 b(angle)h(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)i |
| | 36300 | Fq(PARJ\(85\))f Fw(for)e(single)f(sho)m(w)m(ering)j(parton,)k(b)m(y)709 |
| | 36301 | 5399 y Fq(PARJ\(85\))34 b Fw(and)f Fq(PARJ\(86\))i Fw(for)d(pair)f(of)h |
| | 36302 | (sho)m(w)m(ering)i(partons.)0 5507 y Fq(MSTJ\(49\))53 |
| | 36303 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))38 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e(to)j(c)m(hange)h(the)f |
| | 36304 | (branc)m(hing)g(probabilities)d(according)i(to)h(some)472 |
| | 36305 | 5615 y(alternativ)m(e)31 b(to)m(y)h(mo)s(dels)e(\(note)i(that)f(the)h |
| | 36306 | Fj(Q)2161 5579 y Fl(2)2232 5615 y Fw(ev)m(olution)e(of)h |
| | 36307 | Fj(\013)2825 5630 y Fl(s)2889 5615 y Fw(ma)m(y)g(w)m(ell)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 36308 | (di\013eren)m(t)1817 5953 y(208)p eop |
| | 36309 | %%Page: 209 215 |
| | 36310 | 209 214 bop 472 -18 a Fw(in)30 b(these)h(mo)s(dels,)e(but)h(that)g |
| | 36311 | (only)f(the)h Fq(MSTJ\(44\))i Fw(options)d(are)h(at)g(the)g(disp)s |
| | 36312 | (osal)f(of)g(the)472 90 y(user\).)236 198 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 36313 | b Fw(standard)33 b(QCD)f(branc)m(hings.)236 307 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 36314 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(branc)m(hings)37 b(according)g(to)g(a)g(scalar)g |
| | 36315 | (gluon)f(theory)-8 b(,)39 b(i.e.)58 b(the)37 b(splitting)e(k)m(ernels) |
| | 36316 | 709 415 y(in)h(the)i(ev)m(olution)f(equations)h(are,)h(with)e(a)g |
| | 36317 | (common)f(factor)h Fj(\013)3120 430 y Fl(s)3152 415 y |
| | 36318 | Fj(=)p Fw(\(2)p Fj(\031)t Fw(\))g(omitted,)709 523 y |
| | 36319 | Fj(P)772 538 y Fl(q)p Fk(!)p Fl(qg)992 523 y Fw(=)d(\(2)p |
| | 36320 | Fj(=)p Fw(3\)\(1)24 b Fn(\000)i Fj(z)t Fw(\),)38 b Fj(P)1754 |
| | 36321 | 538 y Fl(g)q Fk(!)p Fl(gg)1971 523 y Fw(=)f Fq(PARJ\(87\))p |
| | 36322 | Fw(,)j Fj(P)2622 538 y Fl(g)q Fk(!)p Fl(q)p 2766 500 |
| | 36323 | 38 4 v(q)2842 523 y Fw(=)d Fq(PARJ\(88\))h Fw(\(for)f(eac)m(h)709 |
| | 36324 | 632 y(separate)f(\015a)m(v)m(our\).)54 b(The)37 b(couplings)e(of)g(the) |
| | 36325 | h(gluon)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)g(left)e(as)h(free)g(pa-)709 |
| | 36326 | 740 y(rameters,)29 b(since)f(they)i(dep)s(end)f(on)f(the)h(colour)e |
| | 36327 | (structure)i(assumed.)43 b(Note)29 b(that,)709 848 y(since)g(a)g(spin)h |
| | 36328 | (0)f(ob)5 b(ject)30 b(deca)m(ys)h(isotropically)-8 b(,)27 |
| | 36329 | b(the)j(gluon)e(splitting)f(k)m(ernels)k(con-)709 957 |
| | 36330 | y(tain)g(no)i Fj(z)k Fw(dep)s(endence.)236 1065 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 36331 | b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(branc)m(hings)36 b(according)g(to)g(an)g(Ab)s(elian)e |
| | 36332 | (v)m(ector)j(gluon)f(theory)-8 b(,)37 b(i.e.)54 b(the)36 |
| | 36333 | b(colour)709 1173 y(factors)e(are)g(c)m(hanged)h(\(compared)f(with)g |
| | 36334 | (QCD\))g(according)f(to)h Fj(C)3202 1188 y Fh(F)3291 |
| | 36335 | 1173 y Fw(=)c(4)p Fj(=)p Fw(3)g Fn(!)g Fw(1,)709 1282 |
| | 36336 | y Fj(N)787 1297 y Fh(C)898 1282 y Fw(=)53 b(3)f Fn(!)g |
| | 36337 | Fw(0,)f Fj(T)1464 1297 y Fh(R)1575 1282 y Fw(=)h(1)p |
| | 36338 | Fj(=)p Fw(2)g Fn(!)g Fw(3.)87 b(Note)48 b(that)f(an)g(Ab)s(elian)e(mo)s |
| | 36339 | (del)h(is)h(not)709 1390 y(exp)s(ected)c(to)e(con)m(tain)g(an)m(y)h |
| | 36340 | (coherence)i(e\013ects)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(gluons,)f(so)f(that)f(one) |
| | 36341 | 709 1498 y(should)47 b(normally)e(use)j Fq(MSTJ\(42\)=1)i |
| | 36342 | Fw(and)e Fq(MSTJ\(46\)=)h Fw(0)e(or)g(1.)88 b(Also,)51 |
| | 36343 | b Fj(\013)3635 1513 y Fl(s)3714 1498 y Fw(is)709 1607 |
| | 36344 | y(exp)s(ected)36 b(to)e(increase)h(with)f(increasing)g |
| | 36345 | Fj(Q)2368 1571 y Fl(2)2442 1607 y Fw(scale,)h(rather)f(than)h |
| | 36346 | (decrease.)51 b(No)709 1715 y(suc)m(h)29 b Fj(\013)986 |
| | 36347 | 1730 y Fl(s)1045 1715 y Fw(option)e(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable;)27 |
| | 36348 | b(the)h(one)g(that)f(comes)h(closest)g(is)g Fq(MSTJ\(44\)=0)p |
| | 36349 | Fw(,)j(i.e.)709 1823 y(a)h(\014x)h(v)-5 b(alue.)0 1932 |
| | 36350 | y Fq(MSTJ\(50\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=3\))27 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)g(to)h |
| | 36351 | (in)m(tro)s(duce)g(colour)g(coherence)i(e\013ects)g(in)e(the)h(\014rst) |
| | 36352 | g(branc)m(hing)472 2040 y(of)j(a)f(\014nal)h(state)g(sho)m(w)m(er;)i |
| | 36353 | (mainly)c(of)h(relev)-5 b(ance)32 b(for)g(QCD)f(parton{parton)h |
| | 36354 | (scattering)472 2148 y(pro)s(cesses.)236 2257 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 36355 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(none.)236 2365 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 36356 | b Fw(imp)s(ose)31 b(an)i(azim)m(uthal)d(anisotrop)m(y)-8 |
| | 36357 | b(.)236 2473 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(restrict)36 b(the)g(p)s(olar)e |
| | 36358 | (ange)i(of)g(a)f(branc)m(hing)h(to)f(b)s(e)i(smaller)c(than)j(the)h |
| | 36359 | (scattering)709 2582 y(angle)31 b(of)h(the)h(relev)-5 |
| | 36360 | b(an)m(t)33 b(colour)f(\015o)m(w.)236 2690 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 36361 | b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(b)s(oth)32 b(azim)m(uthal)f(anisotrop)m(y)h(and)h |
| | 36362 | (restricted)g(p)s(olar)e(angles.)236 2798 y Fo(Note:)203 |
| | 36363 | b Fw(for)53 b(subsequen)m(t)k(branc)m(hings)e(the)f(\(p)s(olar\))f |
| | 36364 | (angular)g(ordering)g(is)g(automatic)709 2907 y(\()p |
| | 36365 | Fq(MSTP\(42\)=2)p Fw(\))35 b(and)d Fq(MSTJ\(46\)=3)p |
| | 36366 | Fw(\).)0 3069 y Fq(PARJ\(81\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.29)41 |
| | 36367 | b(GeV\))i(\003)g(v)-5 b(alue)42 b(in)g(running)h Fj(\013)2171 |
| | 36368 | 3084 y Fl(s)2245 3069 y Fw(for)g(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(ers)j(\(see)f |
| | 36369 | Fq(MSTJ\(44\))p Fw(\).)472 3178 y(This)29 b(is)f(used)h(in)e(all)f |
| | 36370 | (user)j(calls)e(to)h Fq(LUSHOW)p Fw(,)i(in)e(the)g(e)2452 |
| | 36371 | 3141 y Fl(+)2512 3178 y Fw(e)2555 3141 y Fk(\000)2642 |
| | 36372 | 3178 y Fw(routines)g(of)35 b Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)28 b(and)g(in)472 |
| | 36373 | 3286 y(a)35 b Fm(Pythia)f Fw(\(or)h Fm(Jetset)p Fw(\))e(resonance)j |
| | 36374 | (deca)m(y)-8 b(.)50 b(It)35 b(is)f(not)h(in)m(tended)g(for)f(other)h |
| | 36375 | (timelik)m(e)472 3394 y(sho)m(w)m(ers)g(in)d Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 36376 | Fw(,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)i(for)d(whic)m(h)h Fq(PARP\(72\))i |
| | 36377 | Fw(is)d(used.)0 3503 y Fq(PARJ\(82\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.0)39 |
| | 36378 | b(GeV\))i(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)39 b(mass)i(cut-o\013)f |
| | 36379 | Fj(m)2249 3518 y Fl(min)2411 3503 y Fw(of)g(parton)h(sho)m(w)m(ers,)k |
| | 36380 | (b)s(elo)m(w)40 b(whic)m(h)472 3611 y(partons)d(are)e(not)h(assumed)h |
| | 36381 | (to)e(radiate.)53 b(F)-8 b(or)35 b Fj(Q)2322 3575 y Fl(2)2395 |
| | 36382 | 3611 y Fw(=)e Fj(p)2553 3575 y Fl(2)2553 3636 y Fk(?)2648 |
| | 36383 | 3611 y Fw(\()p Fq(MSTJ\(44\)=2)p Fw(\))38 b Fq(PARJ\(82\))p |
| | 36384 | Fw(/2)472 3719 y(additionally)26 b(giv)m(es)j(the)h(minim)m(um)25 |
| | 36385 | b Fj(p)1889 3734 y Fk(?)1977 3719 y Fw(of)j(a)h(branc)m(hing.)42 |
| | 36386 | b(T)-8 b(o)29 b(a)m(v)m(oid)g(in\014nite)f Fj(\013)3434 |
| | 36387 | 3734 y Fl(s)3494 3719 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)472 3828 y(one)24 |
| | 36388 | b(m)m(ust)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i Fq(PARJ\(82\))p Fj(>)k Fw(2)p |
| | 36389 | Fn(\002)p Fq(PARJ\(81\))d Fw(for)c Fq(MSTJ\(44\))p Fn(\025)31 |
| | 36390 | b Fw(1)23 b(\(this)f(is)h(automatically)472 3936 y(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)36 |
| | 36391 | b(in)c(the)h(program,)e(with)h(2)p Fj(:)p Fw(2)p Fn(\002)p |
| | 36392 | Fq(PARJ\(81\))j Fw(as)e(the)g(lo)m(w)m(est)g(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 36393 | b(attainable\).)0 4044 y Fq(PARJ\(83\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.0)25 |
| | 36394 | b(GeV\))h(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)24 b(mass)i(cut-o\013)g |
| | 36395 | Fj(m)2176 4059 y Fl(min)2323 4044 y Fw(used)i(for)d(photon)h(emission)f |
| | 36396 | (in)g(parton)472 4153 y(sho)m(w)m(ers,)49 b(b)s(elo)m(w)43 |
| | 36397 | b(whic)m(h)h(quarks)g(and)f(leptons)h(are)f(not)g(assumed)h(to)f |
| | 36398 | (radiate.)75 b(The)472 4261 y(function)33 b(of)40 b Fq(PARJ\(83\))35 |
| | 36399 | b Fw(closely)e(parallels)e(that)i(of)40 b Fq(PARJ\(82\))35 |
| | 36400 | b Fw(for)e(QCD)g(branc)m(hings,)472 4369 y(but)g(there)h(is)e(a)g |
| | 36401 | (priori)f(no)h(requiremen)m(t)h(that)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(b)s(e)e |
| | 36402 | (equal.)0 4478 y Fq(PARJ\(84\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))41 |
| | 36403 | b(used)31 b(for)e(option)f Fq(MSTJ\(41\)=10)33 b Fw(as)c(a)g(m)m |
| | 36404 | (ultiplicativ)m(e)d(factor)j(in)g(the)h(prom)m(t)472 |
| | 36405 | 4586 y(photon)48 b(emission)e(rate)h(in)f(\014nal)h(state)h(parton)f |
| | 36406 | (sho)m(w)m(ers.)89 b(Unph)m(ysical)48 b(but)f(useful)472 |
| | 36407 | 4694 y(tec)m(hnical)33 b(tric)m(k,)f(so)h(b)s(ew)m(are!)0 |
| | 36408 | 4803 y Fq(PARJ\(85\),)54 b(PARJ\(86\))f(:)48 b Fw(\(D=10.,10.\))125 |
| | 36409 | b(maxim)m(um)58 b(op)s(ening)h(angles)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(in)f(the)i |
| | 36410 | (\014rst)472 4911 y(branc)m(hing)33 b(of)f(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ers;)j |
| | 36411 | (see)f Fq(MSTJ\(48\))p Fw(.)0 5019 y Fq(PARJ\(87\))53 |
| | 36412 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.\))42 b(coupling)32 b(of)g(g)c Fn(!)g |
| | 36413 | Fw(gg)33 b(in)f(scalar)g(gluon)f(sho)m(w)m(er,)k(see)f |
| | 36414 | Fq(MSTJ\(49\)=1)p Fw(.)0 5128 y Fq(PARJ\(88\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 36415 | b Fw(\(D=0.\))53 b(coupling)34 b(of)i(g)e Fn(!)f Fw(q)p |
| | 36416 | 1691 5075 52 4 v(q)k(in)f(scalar)f(gluon)g(sho)m(w)m(er)j(\(p)s(er)e |
| | 36417 | (quark)g(sp)s(ecies\),)i(see)472 5236 y Fq(MSTJ\(49\)=1)p |
| | 36418 | Fw(.)0 5344 y Fq(PARJ\(89\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.)d(GeV\))33 |
| | 36419 | b(the)h(width)f(of)g(the)h(unstable)f(particle)f(studied)i(for)f(the)h |
| | 36420 | Fq(MSTJ\(40\))53 b(>)472 5453 y(0)33 b Fw(options;)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(set)i |
| | 36421 | (b)m(y)f(the)g(user)h(\(separately)e(for)g(eac)m(h)i |
| | 36422 | Fq(LUSHOW)g Fw(call,)d(if)g(need)j(b)s(e\).)1817 5953 |
| | 36423 | y(209)p eop |
| | 36424 | %%Page: 210 216 |
| | 36425 | 210 215 bop 0 -110 2876 9 v 0 115 9 225 v 79 30 a Fq |
| | 36426 | (COMMON/PYPARS/MSTP\(200\),)q(PARP)q(\(200)q(\),MS)q(TI\()q(200\))q |
| | 36427 | (,PAR)q(I\(20)q(0\))p 2867 115 V 0 123 2876 9 v 0 255 |
| | 36428 | a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)34 b(giv)m(e)g(access)i(to)e(status)h(co)s |
| | 36429 | (de)f(and)h(parameters)f(whic)m(h)h(regulate)e(the)i(p)s(erformance)472 |
| | 36430 | 363 y(of)51 b Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)78 b(Most)45 b(parameters)f(are)g |
| | 36431 | (describ)s(ed)h(in)e(section)h(9.3;)49 b(here)c(only)f(those)472 |
| | 36432 | 472 y(related)33 b(to)f Fq(PYSSPA)i Fw(and)f Fq(LUSHOW)h |
| | 36433 | Fw(are)e(describ)s(ed.)0 580 y Fq(MSTP\(22\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 36434 | b Fw(\(D=0\))27 b(sp)s(ecial)f(o)m(v)m(erride)j(of)e(normal)f |
| | 36435 | Fj(Q)2051 544 y Fl(2)2118 580 y Fw(de\014nition)h(used)h(for)g(maxim)m |
| | 36436 | (um)d(of)i(parton-)472 688 y(sho)m(w)m(er)35 b(ev)m(olution.)42 |
| | 36437 | b(This)33 b(option)f(only)g(a\013ects)h(pro)s(cesses)i(10)d(and)g(83)h |
| | 36438 | (\(deep)g(inelastic)472 797 y(scattering\))g(and)f(only)g(in)g |
| | 36439 | (lepton{hadron)g(ev)m(en)m(ts.)236 905 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 36440 | b Fw(use)33 b(the)g(scale)g(as)g(giv)m(en)f(in)g Fq(MSTP\(32\))p |
| | 36441 | Fw(.)236 1013 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(use)33 b(the)g(DIS)g |
| | 36442 | Fj(Q)1319 977 y Fl(2)1391 1013 y Fw(scale,)f(i.e.)44 |
| | 36443 | b Fn(\000)1898 995 y Fw(^)1897 1013 y Fj(t)p Fw(.)236 |
| | 36444 | 1122 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(use)33 b(the)g(DIS)g |
| | 36445 | Fj(W)1348 1085 y Fl(2)1419 1122 y Fw(scale,)g(i.e.)43 |
| | 36446 | b(\()p Fn(\000)1964 1103 y Fw(^)1963 1122 y Fj(t)q Fw(\)\(1)21 |
| | 36447 | b Fn(\000)i Fj(x)p Fw(\))p Fj(=x)p Fw(.)236 1262 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 36448 | b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(use)33 b(the)g(DIS)g Fj(Q)22 b Fn(\002)h |
| | 36449 | Fj(W)46 b Fw(scale,)32 b(i.e.)43 b(\()p Fn(\000)2123 |
| | 36450 | 1243 y Fw(^)2122 1262 y Fj(t)q Fw(\))2196 1162 y Fg(q)p |
| | 36451 | 2279 1162 407 4 v 100 x Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(x)p |
| | 36452 | Fw(\))p Fj(=x)p Fw(.)236 1395 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b |
| | 36453 | Fw(use)25 b(the)g(scale)f Fj(Q)1331 1359 y Fl(2)1370 |
| | 36454 | 1395 y Fw(\(1)5 b Fn(\000)g Fj(x)p Fw(\))17 b(max\(1)p |
| | 36455 | Fj(;)g Fw(ln)o(\(1)p Fj(=x)p Fw(\)\),)26 b(as)e(motiv)-5 |
| | 36456 | b(ated)23 b(b)m(y)i(\014rst)g(order)f(matrix)709 1503 |
| | 36457 | y(elemen)m(ts)33 b([Ing80)o(,)g(Alt78)o(].)236 1612 y |
| | 36458 | Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(in)55 b(all)f(of)i(these)i(alternativ)m(es,)k(a)56 |
| | 36459 | b(m)m(ultiplicativ)m(e)c(factor)k(is)g(in)m(tro)s(duced)h(b)m(y)709 |
| | 36460 | 1720 y Fq(PARP\(67\))34 b Fw(and)f Fq(PARP\(71\))p Fw(,)i(as)d(usual.)0 |
| | 36461 | 1828 y Fq(MSTP\(61\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(master)i(switc)m(h)g |
| | 36462 | (for)f(initial-state)d(QCD)j(and)h(QED)f(radiation.)236 |
| | 36463 | 1937 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(o\013.)236 2045 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 36464 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(on.)0 2153 y Fq(MSTP\(62\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 36465 | b Fw(\(D=3\))d(lev)m(el)g(of)h(coherence)h(imp)s(osed)e(on)h(the)g |
| | 36466 | (space-lik)m(e)g(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h(ev)m(olu-)472 |
| | 36467 | 2262 y(tion.)236 2370 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(none,)33 |
| | 36468 | b(i.e.)43 b(neither)32 b Fj(Q)1544 2334 y Fl(2)1617 2370 |
| | 36469 | y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(nor)g(angles)h(need)g(b)s(e)g(ordered.)236 |
| | 36470 | 2478 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fj(Q)786 2442 y Fl(2)863 |
| | 36471 | 2478 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(at)g(branc)m(hes)i(are)f(strictly)e |
| | 36472 | (ordered,)k(increasing)c(to)m(w)m(ards)j(the)e(hard)709 |
| | 36473 | 2587 y(in)m(teraction.)236 2695 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 |
| | 36474 | b Fj(Q)786 2659 y Fl(2)853 2695 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)27 |
| | 36475 | b(and)g(op)s(ening)f(angles)h(of)g(emitted)f(\(on-mass-shell)g(or)g |
| | 36476 | (time-lik)m(e\))f(par-)709 2803 y(tons)33 b(are)f(b)s(oth)g(strictly)g |
| | 36477 | (ordered,)i(increasing)d(to)m(w)m(ards)j(the)f(hard)g(in)m(teraction.)0 |
| | 36478 | 2912 y Fq(MSTP\(63\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))41 b(structure)j(of)e(asso) |
| | 36479 | s(ciated)h(time-lik)m(e)d(sho)m(w)m(ers,)47 b(i.e.)73 |
| | 36480 | b(sho)m(w)m(ers)44 b(initiated)d(b)m(y)472 3020 y(emission)32 |
| | 36481 | b(o\013)g(the)h(incoming)d(space-lik)m(e)j(partons.)236 |
| | 36482 | 3128 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)39 b(asso)s(ciated)f(sho)m(w)m(ers)k |
| | 36483 | (are)d(allo)m(w)m(ed,)g(i.e.)63 b(emitted)38 b(partons)h(are)g(put)g |
| | 36484 | (on)g(the)709 3237 y(mass)32 b(shell.)236 3345 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 36485 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(a)35 b(sho)m(w)m(er)h(ma)m(y)f(ev)m(olv)m(e,)i(with)e |
| | 36486 | (maxim)m(um)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(time-lik)m(e)d(virtualit)m(y)i(set)i(b)m |
| | 36487 | (y)709 3453 y(the)d(phase)g(space)h(only)-8 b(.)236 3562 |
| | 36488 | y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(a)35 b(sho)m(w)m(er)h(ma)m(y)f(ev)m(olv)m |
| | 36489 | (e,)i(with)e(maxim)m(um)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(time-lik)m(e)d(virtualit)m(y) |
| | 36490 | i(set)i(b)m(y)709 3670 y(phase)e(space)g(or)f(b)m(y)j |
| | 36491 | Fq(PARP\(71\))g Fw(times)c(the)i Fj(Q)2451 3634 y Fl(2)2524 |
| | 36492 | 3670 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)g(the)g(space-lik)m(e)h(parton)709 |
| | 36493 | 3778 y(created)f(in)f(the)h(same)f(v)m(ertex,)j(whic)m(hev)m(er)f(is)e |
| | 36494 | (the)h(stronger)g(constrain)m(t.)0 3887 y Fq(MSTP\(64\))53 |
| | 36495 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f Fj(\013)1330 |
| | 36496 | 3902 y Fl(s)1395 3887 y Fw(and)h Fj(Q)1662 3851 y Fl(2)1734 |
| | 36497 | 3887 y Fw(scale)g(in)e(space-lik)m(e)i(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(ers.)236 |
| | 36498 | 3995 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fj(\013)771 4010 y Fl(s)835 |
| | 36499 | 3995 y Fw(is)32 b(tak)m(en)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(\014x)g(at)f(the)h(v)-5 |
| | 36500 | b(alue)32 b Fq(PARU\(111\))p Fw(.)236 4103 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 36501 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(\014rst-order)32 b(running)h Fj(\013)1590 |
| | 36502 | 4118 y Fl(s)1654 4103 y Fw(with)f(argumen)m(t)h Fq(PARP\(63\))p |
| | 36503 | Fj(Q)2798 4067 y Fl(2)2839 4103 y Fw(.)236 4212 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 36504 | b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(\014rst-order)32 b(running)f Fj(\013)1588 |
| | 36505 | 4227 y Fl(s)1652 4212 y Fw(with)g(argumen)m(t)h Fq(PARP\(64\))p |
| | 36506 | Fj(k)2771 4176 y Fl(2)2768 4236 y Fk(?)2857 4212 y Fw(=)p |
| | 36507 | Fq(PARP\(64\))p Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)f Fj(z)t Fw(\))p |
| | 36508 | Fj(Q)3712 4176 y Fl(2)3752 4212 y Fw(.)0 4320 y Fq(MSTP\(65\))53 |
| | 36509 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))38 b(treatmen)m(t)i(of)f(soft)g(gluon)f(emission)g |
| | 36510 | (in)h(space-lik)m(e)g(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)i(ev)m(olu-)472 |
| | 36511 | 4428 y(tion.)236 4537 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(soft)32 |
| | 36512 | b(gluons)g(are)h(en)m(tirely)f(neglected.)236 4645 y |
| | 36513 | Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(soft)43 b(gluon)g(emission)g(is)g(resummed)h |
| | 36514 | (and)g(included)f(together)h(with)f(the)h(hard)709 4754 |
| | 36515 | y(radiation)30 b(as)j(an)f(e\013ectiv)m(e)i Fj(z)j Fw(shift.)0 |
| | 36516 | 4862 y Fq(MSTP\(66\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))36 b(c)m(hoice)h(of)g(lo)m |
| | 36517 | (w)m(er)g(cut-o\013)g(for)g(initial-state)c(QCD)k(radiation)e(in)h |
| | 36518 | (anomalous)472 4970 y(photopro)s(duction)c(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(\(see)f |
| | 36519 | Fq(MSTP\(14\)=3)p Fw(\).)236 5079 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 36520 | b Fw(the)33 b(lo)m(w)m(er)f Fj(Q)1208 5042 y Fl(2)1281 |
| | 36521 | 5079 y Fw(cuto\013)g(is)g(the)h(standard)g(one)g(in)f |
| | 36522 | Fq(PARP\(62\))2928 5042 y Fl(2)2970 5079 y Fw(.)236 5187 |
| | 36523 | y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)27 b(lo)m(w)m(er)h(cuto\013)f(is)g(the)g |
| | 36524 | (larger)f(of)34 b Fq(PARP\(62\))2436 5151 y Fl(2)2504 |
| | 36525 | 5187 y Fw(and)28 b Fq(VINT\(283\))h Fw(or)e Fq(VINT\(284\))p |
| | 36526 | Fw(,)709 5295 y(where)49 b(the)f(latter)e(is)i(the)g(virtualit)m(y)e |
| | 36527 | (scale)h(of)h(the)g Fj(\015)58 b Fn(!)53 b Fw(q)p 3083 |
| | 36528 | 5242 52 4 v(q)c(v)m(ertex)g(on)f(the)709 5404 y(appropriate)31 |
| | 36529 | b(side)i(of)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t.)0 5512 y Fq(MSTP\(67\))53 |
| | 36530 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))27 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)g(to)h(in)m(tro)s(duce)g |
| | 36531 | (colour)g(coherence)i(e\013ects)g(in)e(the)h(\014rst)g(branc)m(hing)472 |
| | 36532 | 5620 y(of)36 b(the)h(bac)m(kw)m(ards)h(ev)m(olution)e(of)f(an)i |
| | 36533 | (initial)32 b(state)37 b(sho)m(w)m(er;)i(mainly)c(of)g(relev)-5 |
| | 36534 | b(ance)37 b(for)1817 5953 y(210)p eop |
| | 36535 | %%Page: 211 217 |
| | 36536 | 211 216 bop 472 -18 a Fw(QCD)33 b(parton{parton)f(scattering)g(pro)s |
| | 36537 | (cesses.)236 90 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(none.)236 |
| | 36538 | 198 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(restrict)33 b(the)h(p)s(olar)e(angle)h |
| | 36539 | (of)g(a)h(branc)m(hing)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(smaller)f(than)i(the)g |
| | 36540 | (scattering)709 307 y(angle)d(of)h(the)h(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)33 |
| | 36541 | b(colour)f(\015o)m(w.)236 415 y Fo(Note)37 b(1:)110 b |
| | 36542 | Fw(azim)m(uthal)30 b(anisotropies)i(ha)m(v)m(e)i(not)e(y)m(et)i(b)s |
| | 36543 | (een)f(included.)236 523 y Fo(Note)k(2:)110 b Fw(for)45 |
| | 36544 | b(subsequen)m(t)j(branc)m(hings,)h Fq(MSTP\(62\)=3)f |
| | 36545 | Fw(is)d(used)i(to)e(restrict)g(the)h(\(p)s(olar\))709 |
| | 36546 | 632 y(angular)31 b(range)h(of)h(branc)m(hings.)0 740 |
| | 36547 | y Fq(MSTP\(68\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))27 b(c)m(hoice)h(of)f(scale)h |
| | 36548 | (for)g(initial-state)c(QED)k(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(in)d(e)2895 |
| | 36549 | 704 y Fl(+)2954 740 y Fw(e)2997 704 y Fk(\000)3084 740 |
| | 36550 | y Fw(collisions.)40 b(\(Do)s(es)472 848 y(not)33 b(a\013ect)g(ep,)g |
| | 36551 | (pp,)g Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p,)33 b Fj(\015)5 b(\015)g Fw(.\))236 |
| | 36552 | 957 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(the)33 b(standard)g(c)m(hoice)g(giv)m |
| | 36553 | (en)f(b)m(y)j Fq(MSTP\(32\))p Fw(.)236 1065 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 36554 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(for)36 b(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)i(ev)m(olution)e(the)i |
| | 36555 | (scale)f(is)f(increased)i(to)e Fj(s)p Fw(,)j(the)e(full)e(squared)709 |
| | 36556 | 1173 y(energy)-8 b(,)30 b(but)f(the)g(ev)-5 b(aluation)27 |
| | 36557 | b(of)h(\\parton")g(distributions)f(for)h(cross-section)i(cal-)709 |
| | 36558 | 1282 y(culation)h(is)h(still)e(based)j(on)g(the)g Fq(MSTP\(32\))i |
| | 36559 | Fw(scale.)236 1390 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(b)s(oth)32 |
| | 36560 | b(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)i(and)e(cross-section)i(calculations)c(use)k |
| | 36561 | Fj(s)e Fw(as)h(the)g(scale.)236 1498 y Fo(Note:)203 b |
| | 36562 | Fw(The)24 b(bac)m(kground)h(is)e(the)h(follo)m(wing.)37 |
| | 36563 | b(Consider)24 b(pro)s(cess)h(1,)g(e)2984 1462 y Fl(+)3043 |
| | 36564 | 1498 y Fw(e)3086 1462 y Fk(\000)3174 1498 y Fn(!)i Fw(Z)3361 |
| | 36565 | 1462 y Fl(0)3400 1498 y Fj(=\015)3505 1462 y Fk(\003)3544 |
| | 36566 | 1498 y Fw(.)41 b(The)709 1607 y(scale)36 b(used)i(for)d(initial-state)e |
| | 36567 | (QED)j(\\parton"-sho)m(w)m(er)h(ev)m(olution)f(\()p Fj(e)e |
| | 36568 | Fn(!)g Fw(e)25 b(+)g Fj(\015)5 b Fw(\))709 1715 y(here)47 |
| | 36569 | b(is)k(^)-54 b Fj(s)p Fw(,)51 b(i.e.)85 b(the)48 b(squared)g(mass)e(of) |
| | 36570 | h(the)g(pro)s(duced)h(Z)2999 1679 y Fl(0)3038 1715 y |
| | 36571 | Fj(=\015)3143 1679 y Fk(\003)3182 1715 y Fw(.)86 b(This)47 |
| | 36572 | b(is)f(the)709 1823 y(sensible)23 b(c)m(hoice)h(in)e(most)h(cases.)42 |
| | 36573 | b(This)23 b(scale)g(roughly)g(sets)i(the)e(upp)s(er)h |
| | 36574 | Fj(p)3395 1838 y Fk(?)3477 1823 y Fw(limit)c(of)709 1932 |
| | 36575 | y(photons)26 b(emitted)e(in)h(the)h(initial-state)c(cascades.)43 |
| | 36576 | b(Therefore)26 b(a)f(funn)m(y)i(situation)709 2040 y(can)33 |
| | 36577 | b(o)s(ccur)f(for)g(the)h(emission)f(of)g(photons)h(with)f(v)m(ery)i |
| | 36578 | (large)e Fj(p)3063 2055 y Fk(?)3122 2040 y Fw(.)43 b(F)-8 |
| | 36579 | b(or)32 b(simplicit)m(y)709 2148 y(assume)j(a)g(\014xed)h(photon)e |
| | 36580 | (emission)g(angle)g(suc)m(h)i(as)f(90)2795 2112 y Fk(\016)2834 |
| | 36581 | 2148 y Fw(.)50 b(As)36 b(the)f(photon)g Fj(p)3610 2163 |
| | 36582 | y Fk(?)3704 2148 y Fw(=)709 2257 y(photon)26 b(energy)h(is)f |
| | 36583 | (increased,)i(the)f(mass)f(of)g(the)g(recoiling)e(\(also)h(high-)p |
| | 36584 | Fj(p)3414 2272 y Fk(?)3472 2257 y Fw(\))h(Z)3596 2221 |
| | 36585 | y Fl(0)3635 2257 y Fj(=\015)3740 2221 y Fk(\003)709 2365 |
| | 36586 | y Fw(is)e(corresp)s(ondingly)h(decreased.)43 b(A)m(t)25 |
| | 36587 | b(some)g Fj(p)2391 2380 y Fk(?)2475 2365 y Fw(scale)h(this)e(mass)h |
| | 36588 | (drops)h(b)s(elo)m(w)f(the)709 2473 y Fj(p)758 2488 y |
| | 36589 | Fk(?)852 2473 y Fw(itself.)50 b(Then)36 b(the)g(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er)i |
| | 36590 | (cannot)e(pro)s(duce)h(photons)g(at)e(all,)g(giv)m(en)709 |
| | 36591 | 2582 y(that)g(the)h(upp)s(er)g(limit)30 b(for)k(the)h(parton)f(sho)m(w) |
| | 36592 | m(er)i(is)e(the)h(mass.)49 b(Therefore)36 b(there)709 |
| | 36593 | 2690 y(is)26 b(a)h(rather)g(abrupt)h(cut-o\013.)41 b(A)27 |
| | 36594 | b(more)f(detailed)g(study)j(sho)m(ws)g(this)d(cut-o\013)h(is)g(not)709 |
| | 36595 | 2798 y(exactly)h(at)f(the)h(p)s(oin)m(t)f(outlined)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j |
| | 36596 | (but)e(a)h(bit)f(b)s(elo)m(w)g(it,)h(but)g(this)f(is)g(a)g(minor)709 |
| | 36597 | 2907 y(p)s(oin)m(t.)56 b(The)39 b(theory)e(answ)m(er)i(is)e(that)g(if)f |
| | 36598 | (the)i(Z)2505 2871 y Fl(0)2544 2907 y Fj(=\015)2649 2871 |
| | 36599 | y Fk(\003)2725 2907 y Fw(mass)f(and)h(the)f(photon)h |
| | 36600 | Fj(p)3721 2922 y Fk(?)709 3015 y Fw(are)f(comparable,)h(the)g |
| | 36601 | (leading-order)e(description)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(is)e(not)h(supp)s(osed) |
| | 36602 | h(to)709 3123 y(b)s(e)27 b(reliable,)f(but)h(the)g(problem)f(is)g(no)m |
| | 36603 | (w)i(a)e(t)m(w)m(o-scale)h(one.)42 b(The)28 b(photon)f(emission)709 |
| | 36604 | 3232 y(should)j(b)s(e)h(included)g(as)g(part)f(of)g(the)i(hard)e(pro)s |
| | 36605 | (cess)i(itself.)42 b(This)31 b(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)28 |
| | 36606 | b(as)709 3340 y(pro)s(cess)36 b(19)e(in)g(Pythia.)51 |
| | 36607 | b(Pro)s(cess)36 b(19,)f(on)g(the)g(other)g(hand,)h(cannot)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 36608 | (used)h(in)709 3448 y(the)g(region)g(of)f(v)m(ery)j(lo)m(w)e(photon)g |
| | 36609 | Fj(p)2072 3463 y Fk(?)2131 3448 y Fw(.)55 b(T)-8 b(ec)m(hnically)g(,)36 |
| | 36610 | b(one)h(therefore)g(has)f(to)g(cut)709 3557 y(and)f(paste)g(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 36611 | (di\013eren)m(t)f(solutions.)49 b(As)36 b(an)f(alternativ)m(e,)f(one)i |
| | 36612 | (can)f(arti\014cially)709 3665 y(remo)m(v)m(e)30 b(the)h |
| | 36613 | Fj(p)1254 3680 y Fk(?)1342 3665 y Fw(cuto\013)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(b)m(y) |
| | 36614 | g(c)m(hanging)e(the)h(scale)g(of)g(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(from)g(^)-53 |
| | 36615 | b Fj(s)30 b Fw(to)f Fj(s)p Fw(.)709 3774 y(Then)34 b(the)h(full)c |
| | 36616 | (phase)k(space)g(b)s(ecomes)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)31 b(for)i(emissions,) |
| | 36617 | h(i.e.)46 b(it)33 b(is)g(no)m(w)709 3882 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)h(ha)m(v) |
| | 36618 | m(e)h(a)f(Z)1543 3846 y Fl(0)1582 3882 y Fj(=\015)1687 |
| | 36619 | 3846 y Fk(\003)1759 3882 y Fw(with)g(larger)f Fj(p)2308 |
| | 36620 | 3897 y Fk(?)2400 3882 y Fw(than)h(mass.)45 b(This)33 |
| | 36621 | b(is)g(no)g(guaran)m(tee)709 3990 y(the)j(rate)h(is)f(the)h(correct)g |
| | 36622 | (one,)g(but)g(comparisons)f(with)g(pro)s(cess)h(19)f(indicate)f(it)709 |
| | 36623 | 4099 y(is)d(not)g(so)h(far)f(o\013.)0 4207 y Fq(MSTP\(71\))53 |
| | 36624 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(master)i(switc)m(h)g(for)f(\014nal-state)g |
| | 36625 | (QCD)g(and)h(QED)f(radiation.)236 4315 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 36626 | b Fw(o\013.)236 4424 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(on.)0 |
| | 36627 | 4586 y Fq(PARP\(61\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.25)c(GeV\))h(\003)g(v)-5 |
| | 36628 | b(alue)45 b(used)i(in)d(space-lik)m(e)i(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er)i(\(see)f |
| | 36629 | Fq(MSTP\(64\))p Fw(\).)472 4694 y(This)33 b(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 36630 | b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(o)m(v)m(erwritten,)i(see)g Fq(MSTP\(3\))p |
| | 36631 | Fw(.)0 4803 y Fq(PARP\(62\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.)69 |
| | 36632 | b(GeV\))41 b(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(cut-o\013)f Fj(Q)h Fw(or)f |
| | 36633 | Fj(k)2164 4818 y Fk(?)2264 4803 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)41 b(\(see)h |
| | 36634 | Fq(MSTP\(64\))p Fw(\),)k(b)s(elo)m(w)41 b(whic)m(h)472 |
| | 36635 | 4911 y(space-lik)m(e)33 b(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(ers)j(are)e(not)f(ev)m |
| | 36636 | (olv)m(ed.)0 5019 y Fq(PARP\(63\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.25\))f(in)g |
| | 36637 | (space-lik)m(e)h(sho)m(w)m(er)i(ev)m(olution)d(the)i(virtualit)m(y)d |
| | 36638 | Fj(Q)3073 4983 y Fl(2)3161 5019 y Fw(of)h(a)h(parton)g(is)472 |
| | 36639 | 5128 y(m)m(ultiplied)28 b(b)m(y)33 b Fq(PARP\(63\))g |
| | 36640 | Fw(for)d(use)h(as)g(a)g(scale)f(in)g Fj(\013)2426 5143 |
| | 36641 | y Fl(s)2489 5128 y Fw(and)h(parton)f(distributions)f(when)472 |
| | 36642 | 5236 y Fq(MSTP\(64\)=1)p Fw(.)0 5344 y Fq(PARP\(64\))53 |
| | 36643 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))75 b(in)43 b(space-lik)m(e)h(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)g |
| | 36644 | (ev)m(olution)f(the)h(squared)h(transv)m(erse)h(mo-)472 |
| | 36645 | 5453 y(men)m(tum)34 b(ev)m(olution)g(scale)g Fj(k)1570 |
| | 36646 | 5417 y Fl(2)1567 5477 y Fk(?)1660 5453 y Fw(is)g(m)m(ultiplied)d(b)m(y) |
| | 36647 | 37 b Fq(PARP\(64\))g Fw(for)c(use)j(as)e(a)g(scale)h(in)e |
| | 36648 | Fj(\013)3747 5468 y Fl(s)472 5561 y Fw(and)g(parton)f(distributions)g |
| | 36649 | (when)h Fq(MSTP\(64\)=2)p Fw(.)1817 5953 y(211)p eop |
| | 36650 | %%Page: 212 218 |
| | 36651 | 212 217 bop 0 -18 a Fq(PARP\(65\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2.)57 |
| | 36652 | b(GeV\))37 b(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(minim)m(um)c(energy)39 |
| | 36653 | b(\(in)d(c.m.)58 b(frame\))36 b(of)h(time-lik)m(e)e(or)i(on-)472 |
| | 36654 | 90 y(shell)32 b(parton)h(emitted)e(in)h(space-lik)m(e)h(sho)m(w)m(er;)h |
| | 36655 | (see)g(also)d Fq(PARP\(66\))p Fw(.)0 198 y Fq(PARP\(66\))53 |
| | 36656 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.001\))32 b(e\013ectiv)m(e)i(lo)m(w)m(er)f(cut-o\013)g |
| | 36657 | (on)g(1)23 b Fn(\000)g Fj(z)38 b Fw(in)32 b(space-lik)m(e)h(sho)m(w)m |
| | 36658 | (ers,)j(in)c(addition)472 307 y(to)h(the)g(cut)g(implied)d(b)m(y)k |
| | 36659 | Fq(PARP\(65\))p Fw(.)0 415 y Fq(PARP\(67\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 36660 | b Fw(\(D=4.\))80 b(the)45 b Fj(Q)1200 379 y Fl(2)1285 |
| | 36661 | 415 y Fw(scale)g(of)f(the)h(hard)g(scattering)g(\(see)h |
| | 36662 | Fq(MSTP\(32\))p Fw(\))h(is)e(m)m(ultiplied)472 523 y(b)m(y)f |
| | 36663 | Fq(PARP\(67\))g Fw(to)d(de\014ne)i(the)f(maxim)m(um)e(parton)h |
| | 36664 | (virtualit)m(y)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(in)g(space-lik)m(e)472 |
| | 36665 | 632 y(sho)m(w)m(ers.)68 b(This)40 b(do)s(es)h(not)f(apply)f(to)h |
| | 36666 | Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)g(resonances,)j(where)e(the)g(maxim)m(um)472 |
| | 36667 | 740 y(virtualit)m(y)31 b(is)h(set)i(b)m(y)f Fj(m)1374 |
| | 36668 | 704 y Fl(2)1414 740 y Fw(.)0 848 y Fq(PARP\(68\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 36669 | b Fw(\(D=1E-3\))31 b(lo)m(w)m(er)i Fj(Q)g Fw(cut-o\013)f(for)g(QED)g |
| | 36670 | (space-lik)m(e)h(sho)m(w)m(ers.)0 957 y Fq(PARP\(71\))53 |
| | 36671 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=4.\))80 b(the)45 b Fj(Q)1200 920 y Fl(2)1285 |
| | 36672 | 957 y Fw(scale)g(of)f(the)h(hard)g(scattering)g(\(see)h |
| | 36673 | Fq(MSTP\(32\))p Fw(\))h(is)e(m)m(ultiplied)472 1065 y(b)m(y)j |
| | 36674 | Fq(PARP\(71\))g Fw(to)d(de\014ne)i(the)e(maxim)m(um)f(parton)h |
| | 36675 | (virtualit)m(y)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(in)h(time-lik)m(e)472 |
| | 36676 | 1173 y(sho)m(w)m(ers.)68 b(This)40 b(do)s(es)h(not)f(apply)f(to)h |
| | 36677 | Fj(s)p Fw(-c)m(hannel)g(resonances,)j(where)e(the)g(maxim)m(um)472 |
| | 36678 | 1282 y(virtualit)m(y)31 b(is)h(set)i(b)m(y)f Fj(m)1374 |
| | 36679 | 1245 y Fl(2)1414 1282 y Fw(.)0 1390 y Fq(PARP\(72\))53 |
| | 36680 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.25)22 b(GeV\))h(\003)g(v)-5 b(alue)23 |
| | 36681 | b(used)i(in)e(running)f Fj(\013)2267 1405 y Fl(s)2323 |
| | 36682 | 1390 y Fw(for)h(timelik)m(e)e(parton)i(sho)m(w)m(ers,)28 |
| | 36683 | b(except)472 1498 y(for)34 b(sho)m(w)m(ers)j(in)d(the)h(deca)m(y)h(of)e |
| | 36684 | (a)h(resonance.)50 b(\(Resonance)36 b(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)37 |
| | 36685 | b(e.g.)49 b Fj(\015)3291 1462 y Fk(\003)3331 1498 y Fj(=)-5 |
| | 36686 | b(Z)3449 1462 y Fl(0)3522 1498 y Fw(deca)m(y)d(,)472 |
| | 36687 | 1607 y(is)33 b(instead)f(set)h(b)m(y)i Fq(PARJ\(81\))p |
| | 36688 | Fw(.\))1817 5953 y(212)p eop |
| | 36689 | %%Page: 213 219 |
| | 36690 | 213 218 bop 0 -18 a Ft(11)161 b(Beam)53 b(Remnan)l(ts)f(and)i |
| | 36691 | (Underlying)f(Ev)l(en)l(ts)0 189 y Fw(Eac)m(h)27 b(incoming)c(b)s(eam)j |
| | 36692 | (particle)e(ma)m(y)i(lea)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(ehind)e(a)h(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m |
| | 36693 | (t,)i(whic)m(h)g(do)s(es)f(not)g(tak)m(e)h(part)0 297 |
| | 36694 | y(in)f(the)h(initial-state)c(radiation)h(or)j(hard)f(scattering)h(pro)s |
| | 36695 | (cess.)43 b(If)26 b(nothing)g(else,)i(the)f(remnan)m(ts)g(need)0 |
| | 36696 | 405 y(b)s(e)j(reconstructed)i(and)e(connected)i(to)d(the)h(rest)h(of)e |
| | 36697 | (the)i(ev)m(en)m(t.)44 b(In)30 b(hadron{hadron)g(collisions,)e(the)0 |
| | 36698 | 514 y(comp)s(osite)39 b(nature)i(of)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(incoming)d(b)s |
| | 36699 | (eam)i(particles)f(implies)f(the)j(additional)d(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)0 |
| | 36700 | 622 y(that)31 b(sev)m(eral)g(parton)g(pairs)g(undergo)g(separate)h |
| | 36701 | (hard)f(or)f(semi-hard)g(scatterings,)i(`m)m(ultiple)c(in)m(ter-)0 |
| | 36702 | 730 y(actions'.)43 b(This)32 b(ma)m(y)g(giv)m(e)f(a)h(non-negligible)c |
| | 36703 | (con)m(tribution)j(to)h(the)g(`underlying)f(ev)m(en)m(t')j(structure,)0 |
| | 36704 | 839 y(and)k(th)m(us)i(to)d(the)i(total)e(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)-8 |
| | 36705 | b(.)56 b(Finally)-8 b(,)37 b(in)h(high-luminosit)m(y)c(colliders,)k(it) |
| | 36706 | g(is)f(p)s(ossible)h(to)0 947 y(ha)m(v)m(e)k(sev)m(eral)g(collisions)d |
| | 36707 | (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(b)s(eam)d(particles)g(in)g(one)i(and)f(the)g(same)g |
| | 36708 | (b)s(eam)g(crossing,)i(i.e.)0 1055 y(pile-up)29 b(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(whic) |
| | 36709 | m(h)f(further)f(act)g(to)g(build)e(up)j(the)f(general)f(particle)g(pro) |
| | 36710 | s(duction)g(activit)m(y)h(that)0 1164 y(is)i(to)h(b)s(e)g(observ)m(ed)i |
| | 36711 | (b)m(y)f(detectors.)46 b(These)34 b(three)g(asp)s(ects)g(are)f(describ) |
| | 36712 | s(ed)h(in)e(turn,)h(with)g(emphasis)0 1272 y(on)f(the)h(middle)e(one,)i |
| | 36713 | (that)g(of)f(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(teractions)i(within)f(a)h(single)g |
| | 36714 | (hadron{hadron)g(collision.)146 1380 y(The)i(main)d(reference)j(on)e |
| | 36715 | (the)h(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m(teractions)i(mo)s(del)f(is)h([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 36716 | b(o87a].)0 1654 y Fp(11.1)136 b(Beam)45 b(Remnan)l(ts)0 |
| | 36717 | 1827 y Fw(The)36 b(initial-state)31 b(radiation)i(algorithm)f |
| | 36718 | (reconstructs)37 b(one)e(sho)m(w)m(er)i(initiator)32 |
| | 36719 | b(in)i(eac)m(h)i(b)s(eam.)51 b(\(If)0 1935 y(initial-state)37 |
| | 36720 | b(radiation)i(is)i(not)f(included,)j(the)f(initiator)c(is)i(nothing)g |
| | 36721 | (but)i(the)f(incoming)e(parton)0 2044 y(to)33 b(the)i(hard)f(in)m |
| | 36722 | (teraction.\))46 b(T)-8 b(ogether)34 b(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(initiators)c |
| | 36723 | (delineate)i(an)h(in)m(teraction)f(subsystem,)0 2152 |
| | 36724 | y(whic)m(h)40 b(con)m(tains)g(all)d(the)j(partons)g(that)f(participate) |
| | 36725 | f(in)h(the)h(initial-state)35 b(sho)m(w)m(ers,)44 b(in)39 |
| | 36726 | b(the)g(hard)0 2260 y(in)m(teraction,)h(and)g(in)f(the)h(\014nal-state) |
| | 36727 | f(sho)m(w)m(ers.)67 b(Left)40 b(b)s(ehind)g(are)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(b)s(eam)e |
| | 36728 | (remnan)m(ts)h(whic)m(h,)0 2369 y(to)e(\014rst)h(appro)m(ximation,)f |
| | 36729 | (just)g(sail)f(through,)j(una\013ected)g(b)m(y)f(the)g(hard)f(pro)s |
| | 36730 | (cess.)63 b(\(The)39 b(issue)g(of)0 2477 y(additional)30 |
| | 36731 | b(in)m(teractions)i(is)g(co)m(v)m(ered)i(in)e(the)h(next)h(section.\)) |
| | 36732 | 146 2585 y(A)d(description)f(of)h(the)g(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(t)g |
| | 36733 | (structure)i(con)m(tains)f(a)f(few)i(comp)s(onen)m(ts.)43 |
| | 36734 | b(First,)30 b(giv)m(en)0 2694 y(the)k(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(con)m(ten)m(t)h |
| | 36735 | (of)d(a)h(\(colour-singlet\))d(b)s(eam)j(particle,)f(and)h(the)g(\015a) |
| | 36736 | m(v)m(our)h(and)f(colour)f(of)h(the)0 2802 y(initiator)27 |
| | 36737 | b(parton,)k(it)e(is)h(p)s(ossible)g(to)g(reconstruct)i(the)f(\015a)m(v) |
| | 36738 | m(our)g(and)g(colour)e(of)h(the)h(b)s(eam)e(remnan)m(t.)0 |
| | 36739 | 2910 y(Sometimes)h(the)i(remnan)m(t)f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(represen)m(ted)j |
| | 36740 | (b)m(y)e(just)f(a)g(single)g(parton)f(or)h(diquark,)h(but)f(often)0 |
| | 36741 | 3019 y(the)47 b(remnan)m(t)g(has)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(sub)s(divided)g(in)m |
| | 36742 | (to)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(separate)h(ob)5 b(jects.)87 b(In)47 |
| | 36743 | b(the)g(latter)f(case)h(it)f(is)0 3127 y(necessary)39 |
| | 36744 | b(to)e(share)h(the)g(remnan)m(t)f(energy)h(and)f(momen)m(tum)f(b)s(et)m |
| | 36745 | (w)m(een)j(the)f(t)m(w)m(o.)57 b(Due)38 b(to)e(F)-8 b(ermi)0 |
| | 36746 | 3235 y(motion)33 b(inside)i(hadron)g(b)s(eams,)g(the)h(initiator)c |
| | 36747 | (parton)j(ma)m(y)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(`primordial)c Fj(k)3229 |
| | 36748 | 3250 y Fk(?)3288 3235 y Fw(')k(transv)m(erse)0 3344 y(momen)m(tum)d |
| | 36749 | (motion,)f(whic)m(h)j(has)f(to)g(b)s(e)h(comp)s(ensated)f(b)m(y)i(the)e |
| | 36750 | (b)s(eam)g(remnan)m(t.)45 b(If)33 b(the)h(remnan)m(t)0 |
| | 36751 | 3452 y(is)26 b(sub)s(divided,)i(there)e(ma)m(y)h(also)e(b)s(e)h(a)g |
| | 36752 | (relativ)m(e)g(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum.)40 b(In)27 |
| | 36753 | b(the)f(end,)j(total)24 b(energy)0 3560 y(and)33 b(momen)m(tum)f(has)i |
| | 36754 | (to)f(b)s(e)g(conserv)m(ed.)48 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(\014rst)h(appro)m |
| | 36755 | (ximation,)d(this)i(is)g(ensured)h(within)f(eac)m(h)0 |
| | 36756 | 3669 y(remnan)m(t)39 b(separately)-8 b(,)41 b(but)f(some)f(\014nal)f |
| | 36757 | (global)f(adjustmen)m(ts)j(are)f(necessary)j(to)c(comp)s(ensate)i(for)0 |
| | 36758 | 3777 y(the)33 b(primordial)c Fj(k)696 3792 y Fk(?)787 |
| | 36759 | 3777 y Fw(and)k(an)m(y)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(b)s(eam)e(remnan)m(t)g(mass.) |
| | 36760 | 146 3885 y(Consider)25 b(\014rst)f(a)g(proton)g(\(or,)h(with)f(trivial) |
| | 36761 | d(mo)s(di\014cations,)j(an)m(y)g(other)g(bary)m(on)h(or)f(an)m(tibary)m |
| | 36762 | (on\).)145 3998 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(If)37 b(the)g(initiator)d(parton)j |
| | 36763 | (is)f(a)h(u)g(or)g(d)g(quark,)i(it)d(is)g(assumed)i(to)e(b)s(e)i(a)e(v) |
| | 36764 | -5 b(alence)37 b(quark,)i(and)244 4107 y(therefore)d(lea)m(v)m(es)h(b)s |
| | 36765 | (ehind)e(a)g(diquark)h(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(t,)h(i.e.)52 |
| | 36766 | b(either)35 b(a)g(ud)h(or)f(a)g(uu)h(diquark,)244 4215 |
| | 36767 | y(in)k(a)g(colour)f(an)m(titriplet)f(state.)68 b(Relativ)m(e)39 |
| | 36768 | b(probabilities)f(for)i(di\013eren)m(t)g(diquark)h(spins)f(are)244 |
| | 36769 | 4323 y(deriv)m(ed)34 b(within)d(the)j(con)m(text)g(of)e(the)h |
| | 36770 | (non-relativistic)e Fo(SU\(6\))h Fw(mo)s(del,)f(i.e.)44 |
| | 36771 | b(\015a)m(v)m(our)34 b Fo(SU\(3\))244 4432 y Fw(times)e(spin)g |
| | 36772 | Fo(SU\(2\))p Fw(.)43 b(Th)m(us)34 b(a)f(ud)f(is)h(3)p |
| | 36773 | Fj(=)p Fw(4)e(ud)1927 4447 y Fl(0)2000 4432 y Fw(and)h(1)p |
| | 36774 | Fj(=)p Fw(4)g(ud)2476 4447 y Fl(1)2516 4432 y Fw(,)h(while)e(a)i(uu)g |
| | 36775 | (is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(uu)3571 4447 y Fl(1)3611 4432 y |
| | 36776 | Fw(.)145 4550 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(An)28 b(initiator)c(gluon)i(lea)m(v)m |
| | 36777 | (es)j(b)s(ehind)e(a)g(colour)g(o)s(ctet)g(uud)h(state,)h(whic)m(h)f(is) |
| | 36778 | f(sub)s(divided)h(in)m(to)f(a)244 4658 y(colour)33 b(triplet)g(quark)i |
| | 36779 | (and)f(a)g(colour)g(an)m(titriplet)e(diquark.)48 b Fo(SU\(6\))34 |
| | 36780 | b Fw(giv)m(es)h(the)f(appropriate)244 4766 y(sub)s(division,)d(1)p |
| | 36781 | Fj(=)p Fw(2)h(of)g(the)h(time)f(in)m(to)f(u)23 b(+)f(ud)1942 |
| | 36782 | 4781 y Fl(0)1982 4766 y Fw(,)32 b(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(6)g(in)m(to)g(u)22 |
| | 36783 | b(+)g(ud)2700 4781 y Fl(1)2773 4766 y Fw(and)32 b(1)p |
| | 36784 | Fj(=)p Fw(3)g(in)m(to)g(d)22 b(+)g(uu)3621 4781 y Fl(1)3661 |
| | 36785 | 4766 y Fw(.)145 4884 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(A)27 b(sea)g(quark)h(initiator,) |
| | 36786 | c(suc)m(h)29 b(as)e(an)f(s,)j(lea)m(v)m(es)f(b)s(ehind)e(a)h(uud)p |
| | 36787 | 2553 4831 39 4 v(s)h(four-quark)e(state.)42 b(The)28 |
| | 36788 | b(PDG)244 4992 y(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(co)s(ding)d(sc)m(heme)j(and)f(the)g |
| | 36789 | (fragmen)m(tation)e(routines)i(do)g(not)f(foresee)i(suc)m(h)g(a)f |
| | 36790 | (state,)h(so)244 5101 y(therefore)e(it)f(is)g(sub)s(divided)h(in)m(to)f |
| | 36791 | (a)h(meson)g(plus)f(a)h(diquark,)h(i.e.)41 b(1)p Fj(=)p |
| | 36792 | Fw(2)25 b(in)m(to)g(u)p 3109 5048 V(s)9 b(+)f(ud)3348 |
| | 36793 | 5116 y Fl(0)3388 5101 y Fw(,)27 b(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(6)e(in)m(to)244 |
| | 36794 | 5209 y(u)p 298 5156 V(s)18 b(+)g(ud)556 5224 y Fl(1)626 |
| | 36795 | 5209 y Fw(and)30 b(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(3)g(in)m(to)f(d)p 1239 |
| | 36796 | 5156 V(s)18 b(+)g(uu)1497 5224 y Fl(1)1537 5209 y Fw(.)42 |
| | 36797 | b(Once)32 b(the)e(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i(of)e(the)h(meson)f(are)g |
| | 36798 | (determined,)h(the)244 5317 y(c)m(hoice)26 b(of)f(meson)g(m)m(ultiplet) |
| | 36799 | e(is)i(p)s(erformed)g(as)g(in)g(the)h(standard)f(fragmen)m(tation)f |
| | 36800 | (description.)145 5435 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Finally)-8 b(,)30 |
| | 36801 | b(an)i(an)m(tiquark)g(initiator,)e(suc)m(h)k(as)e(an)p |
| | 36802 | 2052 5382 V 32 w(s)q(,)g(lea)m(v)m(es)i(b)s(ehind)e(a)g(uuds)i |
| | 36803 | (four-quark)e(state,)244 5544 y(whic)m(h)k(is)f(sub)s(divided)g(in)m |
| | 36804 | (to)g(a)g(bary)m(on)h(plus)f(a)g(quark.)53 b(Since,)36 |
| | 36805 | b(to)f(\014rst)h(appro)m(ximation,)e(the)244 5652 y(s)p |
| | 36806 | 282 5599 V(s)39 b(pair)f(comes)h(from)f(the)h(branc)m(hing)f(g)i |
| | 36807 | Fn(!)d Fw(s)p 1993 5599 V(s)j(of)e(a)h(colour)e(o)s(ctet)i(gluon,)g |
| | 36808 | (the)h(sub)s(division)1817 5953 y(213)p eop |
| | 36809 | %%Page: 214 220 |
| | 36810 | 214 219 bop 244 -18 a Fw(uud)25 b(+)g(s)37 b(is)f(not)g(allo)m(w)m(ed,) |
| | 36811 | h(since)f(it)g(w)m(ould)g(corresp)s(ond)h(to)f(a)h(colour-singlet)c(s)p |
| | 36812 | 3249 -71 39 4 v(s)q(.)55 b(Therefore)244 90 y(the)39 |
| | 36813 | b(sub)s(division)f(is)g(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2)h(in)m(to)f(ud)1537 |
| | 36814 | 105 y Fl(0)1576 90 y Fw(s)27 b(+)g(u,)40 b(1)p Fj(=)p |
| | 36815 | Fw(6)e(in)m(to)h(ud)2363 105 y Fl(1)2402 90 y Fw(s)27 |
| | 36816 | b(+)g(u)39 b(and)g(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(3)f(in)m(to)g(uu)3356 |
| | 36817 | 105 y Fl(1)3396 90 y Fw(s)27 b(+)f(d.)62 b(A)244 198 |
| | 36818 | y(bary)m(on)30 b(is)f(formed)g(among)g(the)h(ones)g(p)s(ossible)f(for)g |
| | 36819 | (the)h(giv)m(en)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(con)m(ten)m(t)g(and)e(diquark)244 |
| | 36820 | 307 y(spin,)39 b(according)e(to)g(the)h(relativ)m(e)e(probabilities)f |
| | 36821 | (used)k(in)e(the)h(fragmen)m(tation.)56 b(One)38 b(could)244 |
| | 36822 | 415 y(argue)28 b(for)g(an)g(additional)d(w)m(eigh)m(ting)j(to)g(coun)m |
| | 36823 | (t)h(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)g(bary)m(on)h(states)g(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 36824 | b(ailable)26 b(for)244 523 y(a)32 b(giv)m(en)h(diquark)g(plus)f(quark)h |
| | 36825 | (com)m(bination,)e(but)i(this)f(has)h(not)f(b)s(een)i(included.)146 |
| | 36826 | 636 y(One)29 b(ma)m(y)f(note)g(that)g(an)m(y)h(u)g(or)e(d)i(quark)g |
| | 36827 | (tak)m(en)g(out)f(of)g(the)g(proton)g(is)g(automatically)d(assumed)0 |
| | 36828 | 745 y(to)34 b(b)s(e)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alence)34 b(quark.)49 |
| | 36829 | b(Clearly)33 b(this)h(is)f(unrealistic,)g(but)i(not)f(quite)g(as)g(bad) |
| | 36830 | g(as)g(it)f(migh)m(t)g(seem.)0 853 y(In)43 b(particular,)h(one)g |
| | 36831 | (should)f(remem)m(b)s(er)f(that)h(the)h(b)s(eam)e(remnan)m(t)h |
| | 36832 | (scenario)g(is)f(applied)g(to)h(the)0 961 y(initial-state)33 |
| | 36833 | b(sho)m(w)m(er)38 b(initiators)c(at)i(a)g(scale)h(of)f |
| | 36834 | Fj(Q)1909 976 y Fl(0)1983 961 y Fn(\031)f Fw(1)h(GeV)h(and)g(at)f(an)g |
| | 36835 | Fj(x)h Fw(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(usually)g(m)m(uc)m(h)0 1070 |
| | 36836 | y(larger)e(than)h(the)g Fj(x)g Fw(at)g(the)g(hard)g(scattering.)50 |
| | 36837 | b(The)36 b(sea)g(quark)g(con)m(tribution)d(therefore)j(normally)0 |
| | 36838 | 1178 y(is)c(negligible.)146 1286 y(F)-8 b(or)24 b(a)h(meson)g(b)s(eam)f |
| | 36839 | (remnan)m(t,)i(the)g(rules)e(are)h(in)f(the)i(same)e(spirit,)h(but)h |
| | 36840 | (somewhat)f(easier,)h(since)0 1395 y(no)43 b(diquark)g(or)f(bary)m(ons) |
| | 36841 | i(need)g(b)s(e)f(tak)m(en)g(in)m(to)f(accoun)m(t.)75 |
| | 36842 | b(Th)m(us)45 b(a)d(v)-5 b(alence)43 b(quark)g(\(an)m(tiquark\))0 |
| | 36843 | 1503 y(initiator)h(lea)m(v)m(es)k(b)s(ehind)g(a)f(v)-5 |
| | 36844 | b(alence)47 b(an)m(tiquark)g(\(quark\),)52 b(a)47 b(gluon)f(initiator)e |
| | 36845 | (lea)m(v)m(es)49 b(b)s(ehind)e(a)0 1611 y(v)-5 b(alence)47 |
| | 36846 | b(quark)h(plus)f(a)f(v)-5 b(alence)47 b(an)m(tiquark,)k(and)c(a)g(sea)g |
| | 36847 | (quark)h(\(an)m(tiquark\))f(lea)m(v)m(es)h(b)s(ehind)f(a)0 |
| | 36848 | 1720 y(meson)33 b(\(whic)m(h)g(con)m(tains)f(the)h(partner)g(to)f(the)h |
| | 36849 | (sea)g(parton\))g(plus)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alence)33 b(an)m(tiquark)g |
| | 36850 | (\(quark\).)146 1828 y(A)f(resolv)m(ed)g(photon)f(is)g(ev)m(en)i |
| | 36851 | (simpler)d(than)h(a)g(meson,)h(since)f(one)h(do)s(es)g(not)f(ha)m(v)m |
| | 36852 | (e)i(to)e(mak)m(e)g(the)0 1936 y(distinction)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(v)-5 |
| | 36853 | b(alence)34 b(and)g(sea)g(\015a)m(v)m(our.)48 b(Th)m(us)36 |
| | 36854 | b(an)m(y)e(quark)h(\(an)m(tiquark\))f(initiator)c(lea)m(v)m(es)0 |
| | 36855 | 2045 y(b)s(ehind)35 b(the)g(matc)m(hing)e(an)m(tiquark)i(\(quark\),)h |
| | 36856 | (and)f(a)g(gluon)e(lea)m(v)m(es)j(b)s(ehind)f(a)f(quark)i(+)e(an)m |
| | 36857 | (tiquark)0 2153 y(pair.)59 b(The)39 b(relativ)m(e)f(quark)h(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 36858 | (our)g(comp)s(osition)c(in)j(the)g(latter)g(case)h(is)e(assumed)i(prop) |
| | 36859 | s(ortional)0 2261 y(to)34 b Fj(e)166 2225 y Fl(2)166 |
| | 36860 | 2286 y(q)241 2261 y Fw(among)f(ligh)m(t)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)i(i.e.)48 |
| | 36861 | b(2)p Fj(=)p Fw(3)33 b(in)m(to)h(u)23 b(+)p 1902 2209 |
| | 36862 | 55 4 v 23 w(u,)35 b(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(6)e(in)m(to)g(d)24 |
| | 36863 | b(+)p 2574 2182 V 23 w(d,)34 b(and)g(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(6)g(in)m(to)f(s)24 |
| | 36864 | b(+)p 3421 2209 39 4 v 23 w(s.)48 b(If)34 b(one)0 2370 |
| | 36865 | y(w)m(an)m(ted)g(to,)e(one)h(could)f(also)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(c)m(hosen)g |
| | 36866 | (to)e(represen)m(t)j(the)e(remnan)m(t)f(b)m(y)i(a)e(single)g(gluon.)146 |
| | 36867 | 2478 y(If)49 b(no)f(initial-state)d(radiation)h(is)i(assumed,)53 |
| | 36868 | b(an)48 b(electron)g(\(or,)k(in)c(general,)k(a)c(lepton)g(or)g(a)0 |
| | 36869 | 2586 y(neutrino\))38 b(lea)m(v)m(es)i(b)s(ehind)f(no)f(b)s(eam)g |
| | 36870 | (remnan)m(t.)62 b(Also)38 b(when)i(radiation)c(is)j(included,)h(one)f |
| | 36871 | (w)m(ould)0 2695 y(exp)s(ect)32 b(to)f(reco)m(v)m(er)h(a)f(single)e |
| | 36872 | (electron)i(with)g(the)g(full)e(b)s(eam)h(energy)i(when)g(the)f(sho)m |
| | 36873 | (w)m(er)h(initiator)c(is)0 2803 y(reconstructed.)49 b(This)34 |
| | 36874 | b(do)s(es)g(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)e(happ)s(en,)i(e.g.)48 |
| | 36875 | b(if)32 b(the)i(initial-state)c(sho)m(w)m(er)36 b(is)d(cut)h(o\013)g |
| | 36876 | (at)0 2912 y(a)g(non-v)-5 b(anishing)33 b(scale,)i(suc)m(h)h(that)e |
| | 36877 | (some)g(of)g(the)h(emission)e(at)h(lo)m(w)f Fj(Q)2701 |
| | 36878 | 2875 y Fl(2)2775 2912 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)35 b(is)f(not)g(sim)m(ulated.)0 |
| | 36879 | 3020 y(F)-8 b(urther,)41 b(for)d(purely)h(tec)m(hnical)g(reasons,)i |
| | 36880 | (the)f(distribution)d(of)h(an)h(electron)g(inside)g(an)f(electron,)0 |
| | 36881 | 3128 y Fj(f)59 3092 y Fl(e)48 3153 y(e)94 3128 y Fw(\()p |
| | 36882 | Fj(x;)17 b(Q)308 3092 y Fl(2)348 3128 y Fw(\),)30 b(is)g(cut)g(o\013)f |
| | 36883 | (at)h Fj(x)e Fw(=)g(1)17 b Fn(\000)g Fw(10)1401 3092 |
| | 36884 | y Fk(\000)p Fl(6)1494 3128 y Fw(.)42 b(This)30 b(means)g(that)g(alw)m |
| | 36885 | (a)m(ys,)h(when)g(initial-state)26 b(radiation)0 3237 |
| | 36886 | y(is)36 b(included,)g(a)g(fraction)f(of)h(at)g(least)g(10)1540 |
| | 36887 | 3200 y Fk(\000)p Fl(6)1670 3237 y Fw(of)f(the)i(b)s(eam)e(energy)j(has) |
| | 36888 | e(to)g(b)s(e)g(put)h(in)m(to)e(one)i(single)0 3345 y(photon)d(along)e |
| | 36889 | (the)j(b)s(eam)e(direction,)g(to)g(represen)m(t)j(this)e(not)g(sim)m |
| | 36890 | (ulated)e(radiation.)45 b(The)35 b(ph)m(ysics)0 3453 |
| | 36891 | y(is)30 b(here)h(sligh)m(tly)e(di\013eren)m(t)i(from)e(the)i(standard)f |
| | 36892 | (b)s(eam)g(remnan)m(t)g(concept,)i(but)f(it)f(is)f(handled)i(with)0 |
| | 36893 | 3562 y(the)37 b(same)g(mac)m(hinery)-8 b(.)56 b(Beam)36 |
| | 36894 | b(remnan)m(ts)h(can)g(also)f(app)s(er)h(when)h(the)f(electron)g(is)f |
| | 36895 | (resolv)m(ed)i(with)0 3670 y(the)f(use)g(of)f(parton)g(distributions,)g |
| | 36896 | (but)h(initial-state)32 b(radiation)j(is)g(switc)m(hed)j(o\013.)55 |
| | 36897 | b(Conceptually)-8 b(,)0 3778 y(this)43 b(is)h(a)f(con)m(tradiction,)i |
| | 36898 | (since)g(it)d(is)i(the)g(initial-state)c(radiation)h(that)j(builds)f |
| | 36899 | (up)h(the)g(parton)0 3887 y(distributions,)29 b(but)i(sometimes)e(the)i |
| | 36900 | (com)m(bination)d(is)i(still)e(useful.)43 b(Finally)-8 |
| | 36901 | b(,)28 b(since)j(QED)f(radiation)0 3995 y(has)40 b(not)f(y)m(et)h(b)s |
| | 36902 | (een)g(included)f(in)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(with)d(resolv)m(ed)h(photons)g |
| | 36903 | (inside)f(electrons,)i(also)d(in)h(this)0 4103 y(case)33 |
| | 36904 | b(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(b)s(eam)e(remnan)m(ts)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)e(b)s(e)h |
| | 36905 | (assigned)g(b)m(y)g(the)g(program.)146 4212 y(The)j(b)s(eam)e(remnan)m |
| | 36906 | (t)g(assignmen)m(ts)h(inside)f(an)h(electron,)g(in)f(either)h(of)f(the) |
| | 36907 | h(cases)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)g(is)e(as)0 4320 y(follo)m(ws.)145 |
| | 36908 | 4433 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(An)33 b(e)447 4397 y Fk(\000)539 |
| | 36909 | 4433 y Fw(initiator)c(lea)m(v)m(es)34 b(b)s(ehind)e(a)g |
| | 36910 | Fj(\015)38 b Fw(remnan)m(t.)145 4551 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(A)33 |
| | 36911 | b Fj(\015)k Fw(initiator)29 b(lea)m(v)m(es)34 b(b)s(ehind)f(an)f(e)1598 |
| | 36912 | 4515 y Fk(\000)1690 4551 y Fw(remnan)m(t.)145 4669 y |
| | 36913 | Fn(\017)49 b Fw(An)33 b(e)447 4632 y Fl(+)539 4669 y |
| | 36914 | Fw(initiator)c(lea)m(v)m(es)34 b(b)s(ehind)e(an)h(e)1699 |
| | 36915 | 4632 y Fk(\000)1780 4669 y Fw(+)22 b(e)1921 4632 y Fk(\000)2013 |
| | 36916 | 4669 y Fw(remnan)m(t.)145 4786 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(A)33 |
| | 36917 | b(q)g(\()p 472 4734 52 4 v(q\))f(initiator)e(lea)m(v)m(es)j(b)s(ehind)g |
| | 36918 | (a)p 1656 4734 V 32 w(q)23 b(+)f(e)1871 4750 y Fk(\000)1963 |
| | 36919 | 4786 y Fw(\(q)g(+)g(e)2215 4750 y Fk(\000)2275 4786 y |
| | 36920 | Fw(\))32 b(remnan)m(t.)145 4904 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(A)35 |
| | 36921 | b(g)g(initiator)d(lea)m(v)m(es)k(b)s(ehind)e(a)h(g)23 |
| | 36922 | b(+)g(e)1722 4868 y Fk(\000)1816 4904 y Fw(remnan)m(t.)50 |
| | 36923 | b(One)35 b(could)g(argue)f(that,)h(in)f(agreemen)m(t)244 |
| | 36924 | 5013 y(with)c(the)h(treatmen)m(t)g(of)f(photon)h(b)s(eams)g(ab)s(o)m(v) |
| | 36925 | m(e,)h(the)f(remnan)m(t)f(should)h(b)s(e)g(q)19 b(+)p |
| | 36926 | 3275 4960 V 18 w(q)g(+)f(e)3482 4976 y Fk(\000)3542 5013 |
| | 36927 | y Fw(.)43 b(The)244 5121 y(program)31 b(curren)m(tly)i(do)s(es)g(not)g |
| | 36928 | (allo)m(w)e(for)h(three)h(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(t)g(ob)5 |
| | 36929 | b(jects,)34 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)146 5234 y(By)g(the)g(hard)f |
| | 36930 | (scattering)g(and)g(initial-state)c(radiation)i(mac)m(hinery)-8 |
| | 36931 | b(,)34 b(the)f(sho)m(w)m(er)i(initiator)30 b(has)0 5342 |
| | 36932 | y(b)s(een)e(assigned)g(some)f(fraction)f Fj(x)i Fw(of)f(the)h |
| | 36933 | (four-momen)m(tum)d(of)i(the)h(b)s(eam)f(particle,)g(lea)m(ving)g(b)s |
| | 36934 | (ehind)0 5451 y(1)18 b Fn(\000)h Fj(x)31 b Fw(to)g(the)g(remnan)m(t.)43 |
| | 36935 | b(If)30 b(the)i(remnan)m(t)e(consists)i(of)e(t)m(w)m(o)h(ob)5 |
| | 36936 | b(jects,)33 b(this)d(energy)i(and)f(momen)m(tum)0 5559 |
| | 36937 | y(has)41 b(to)f(b)s(e)h(shared,)i(someho)m(w.)68 b(F)-8 |
| | 36938 | b(or)39 b(an)i(electron,)h(the)f(sharing)f(is)g(giv)m(en)g(from)g |
| | 36939 | (\014rst)g(principles:)0 5667 y(if,)49 b(e.g.,)h(the)d(initiator)c(is)j |
| | 36940 | (a)h(q,)j(then)d(that)g(q)f(w)m(as)i(pro)s(duced)f(in)f(the)h(sequence) |
| | 36941 | i(of)d(branc)m(hings)1817 5953 y(214)p eop |
| | 36942 | %%Page: 215 221 |
| | 36943 | 215 220 bop 0 -18 a Fw(e)34 b Fn(!)g Fj(\015)39 b Fn(!)33 |
| | 36944 | b Fw(q,)38 b(where)f Fj(x)890 -3 y Fh(\015)971 -18 y |
| | 36945 | Fw(is)f(distributed)g(according)g(to)g(the)g(con)m(v)m(olution)g(in)f |
| | 36946 | (eq.)i(\(54\).)54 b(Therefore)0 90 y(the)p 166 37 52 |
| | 36947 | 4 v 31 w(q)32 b(remnan)m(t)e(tak)m(es)j(a)d(fraction)g |
| | 36948 | Fj(\037)e Fw(=)f(\()p Fj(x)1606 105 y Fh(\015)1670 90 |
| | 36949 | y Fn(\000)19 b Fj(x)p Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)g Fn(\000)g |
| | 36950 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))31 b(of)f(the)i(total)d(remnan)m(t)i(energy)-8 |
| | 36951 | b(,)32 b(and)f(the)0 198 y(e)i(tak)m(es)h(1)22 b Fn(\000)g |
| | 36952 | Fj(\037)p Fw(.)146 307 y(F)-8 b(or)25 b(the)i(other)f(b)s(eam)f(remnan) |
| | 36953 | m(ts,)i(the)g(relativ)m(e)e(energy-sharing)h(v)-5 b(ariable)24 |
| | 36954 | b Fj(\037)i Fw(is)f(not)h(kno)m(wn)h(from)0 415 y(\014rst)33 |
| | 36955 | b(principles,)f(but)h(pic)m(k)m(ed)h(according)e(to)h(some)f(suitable)g |
| | 36956 | (parametrization.)41 b(Normally)31 b(sev)m(eral)0 523 |
| | 36957 | y(di\013eren)m(t)38 b(options)e(are)i(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)36 |
| | 36958 | b(that)h(can)h(b)s(e)g(set)g(separately)g(for)f(bary)m(on)h(and)f |
| | 36959 | (meson)h(b)s(eams,)0 632 y(and)e(for)f(hadron)h(+)g(quark)h(and)f |
| | 36960 | (quark)g(+)g(diquark)g(\(or)g(an)m(tiquark\))g(remnan)m(ts.)53 |
| | 36961 | b(In)37 b(one)f(extreme)0 740 y(are)42 b(shap)s(es)i(in)d(agreemen)m(t) |
| | 36962 | i(with)f(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)42 b(coun)m(ting)g(rules,)j |
| | 36963 | (i.e.)72 b(where)44 b(energy)f(is)f(shared)h(ev)m(enly)0 |
| | 36964 | 848 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)38 b(`v)-5 b(alence')37 b(partons.)55 |
| | 36965 | b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(instance,)h Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(\037)p |
| | 36966 | Fw(\))35 b(=)f(2)17 b(\(1)24 b Fn(\000)h Fj(\037)p Fw(\))36 |
| | 36967 | b(for)g(the)h(energy)g(fraction)e(tak)m(en)0 957 y(b)m(y)42 |
| | 36968 | b(the)g(q)g(in)e(a)h(q)29 b(+)f(qq)42 b(remnan)m(t.)70 |
| | 36969 | b(In)42 b(the)g(other)f(extreme,)j(an)e(unev)m(en)h(distribution)c |
| | 36970 | (could)i(b)s(e)0 1065 y(used,)c(lik)m(e)e(in)g(parton)g(distributions,) |
| | 36971 | g(where)i(the)f(quark)g(only)f(tak)m(es)i(a)e(small)e(fraction)h(and)i |
| | 36972 | (most)0 1173 y(is)c(retained)g(b)m(y)i(the)f(diquark.)44 |
| | 36973 | b(The)33 b(default)f(for)g(a)g(q)23 b(+)f(qq)33 b(remnan)m(t)g(is)f(of) |
| | 36974 | g(this)g(t)m(yp)s(e,)1443 1447 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(\037)p |
| | 36975 | Fw(\))28 b Fn(/)1860 1380 y Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(\037)p |
| | 36976 | Fw(\))2168 1343 y Fl(3)p 1800 1424 468 4 v 1800 1440 |
| | 36977 | a Fg(q)p 1883 1440 385 4 v 102 x Fj(\037)1944 1513 y |
| | 36978 | Fl(2)2006 1542 y Fw(+)f Fj(c)2146 1508 y Fl(2)2146 1566 |
| | 36979 | y(min)2310 1447 y Fj(;)1220 b Fw(\(155\))0 1769 y(with)33 |
| | 36980 | b Fj(c)265 1784 y Fl(min)415 1769 y Fw(=)c(2)p Fn(h)p |
| | 36981 | Fj(m)693 1784 y Fl(q)734 1769 y Fn(i)p Fj(=E)894 1784 |
| | 36982 | y Fl(cm)1017 1769 y Fw(=)f(\(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(6)33 b(GeV\))p |
| | 36983 | Fj(=E)1669 1784 y Fl(cm)1796 1769 y Fw(pro)m(viding)f(a)h(lo)m(w)m(er)g |
| | 36984 | (cut-o\013.)45 b(In)34 b(general,)f(the)g(more)0 1877 |
| | 36985 | y(unev)m(en)46 b(the)e(sharing)f(of)g(the)h(energy)-8 |
| | 36986 | b(,)47 b(the)d(less)g(the)h(total)d(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)e(in)j(the)h(b)s |
| | 36987 | (eam)f(remnan)m(t)0 1986 y(fragmen)m(tation.)e(If)31 |
| | 36988 | b(no)h(m)m(ultiple)c(in)m(teractions)j(are)g(allo)m(w)m(ed,)g(a)g |
| | 36989 | (rather)h(ev)m(en)g(sharing)f(is)g(needed)i(to)0 2094 |
| | 36990 | y(come)i(close)h(to)f(the)h(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)e(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)e |
| | 36991 | (\(and)k(y)m(et)g(one)g(do)s(es)g(not)g(quite)f(mak)m(e)h(it\).)51 |
| | 36992 | b(With)0 2202 y(an)40 b(unev)m(en)h(sharing)e(there)i(is)e(ro)s(om)f |
| | 36993 | (to)h(generate)h(more)f(of)g(the)h(total)e(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)e(b)m(y) |
| | 36994 | 41 b(m)m(ultiple)0 2311 y(in)m(teractions)32 b([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 36995 | b(o87a)o(].)146 2419 y(In)40 b(a)f(photon)h(b)s(eam,)g(with)f(a)h |
| | 36996 | (remnan)m(t)f(q)27 b(+)p 1892 2366 52 4 v 27 w(q,)42 |
| | 36997 | b(the)d Fj(\037)h Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(is)h(c)m(hosen)i(the)f(same)f |
| | 36998 | (w)m(a)m(y)h(it)0 2527 y(w)m(ould)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)h(in)e(a)g |
| | 36999 | (corresp)s(onding)g(meson)h(remnan)m(t.)146 2636 y(Before)49 |
| | 37000 | b(the)f Fj(\037)h Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)46 b(is)i(used)h(to)f(assign)g |
| | 37001 | (remnan)m(t)g(momen)m(ta,)j(it)c(is)h(also)f(necessary)k(to)0 |
| | 37002 | 2744 y(consider)41 b(the)f(issue)h(of)f(primordial)c |
| | 37003 | Fj(k)1459 2759 y Fk(?)1518 2744 y Fw(.)67 b(The)41 b(initiator)c |
| | 37004 | (partons)j(are)h(th)m(us)g(assigned)g(eac)m(h)g(a)f Fj(k)3721 |
| | 37005 | 2759 y Fk(?)0 2852 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue,)30 b(v)-5 b(anishing)30 |
| | 37006 | b(for)g(an)g(electron)h(or)f(photon)g(inside)g(an)h(electron,)g |
| | 37007 | (distributed)f(either)g(according)0 2961 y(to)43 b(a)g(Gaussian)g(or)h |
| | 37008 | (an)f(exp)s(onen)m(tial)g(shap)s(e)h(for)f(a)h(hadron,)i(and)e |
| | 37009 | (according)f(to)g(either)g(of)g(these)0 3069 y(shap)s(es)33 |
| | 37010 | b(or)e(a)h(p)s(o)m(w)m(er-lik)m(e)f(shap)s(e)i(for)e(a)g(quark)i(or)e |
| | 37011 | (gluon)g(inside)g(a)h(photon)f(\(whic)m(h)i(ma)m(y)e(in)g(its)g(turn)0 |
| | 37012 | 3178 y(b)s(e)f(inside)g(an)g(electron\).)42 b(The)31 |
| | 37013 | b(in)m(teraction)e(subsystem)j(is)e(b)s(o)s(osted)g(and)g(rotated)g(to) |
| | 37014 | f(bring)h(it)f(from)0 3286 y(the)d(frame)e(assumed)h(so)h(far,)g(with)f |
| | 37015 | (eac)m(h)h(initiator)21 b(along)j(the)i Fn(\006)p Fj(z)k |
| | 37016 | Fw(axis,)c(to)f(one)g(where)i(the)e(initiators)0 3394 |
| | 37017 | y(ha)m(v)m(e)34 b(the)f(required)g(primordial)c Fj(k)1303 |
| | 37018 | 3409 y Fk(?)1394 3394 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues.)146 3503 y(The)38 |
| | 37019 | b Fj(p)400 3518 y Fk(?)495 3503 y Fw(recoil)e(is)g(tak)m(en)h(b)m(y)h |
| | 37020 | (the)f(remnan)m(t.)55 b(If)37 b(the)g(remnan)m(t)f(is)h(comp)s(osite,)f |
| | 37021 | (the)h(recoil)e(is)i(all)0 3611 y(tak)m(en)j(b)m(y)g(one)g(of)e(the)i |
| | 37022 | (t)m(w)m(o,)i(namely)c(the)i(one)f(that,)i(in)d(some)h(imagined)e(p)s |
| | 37023 | (erturbativ)m(e)j(splitting)0 3719 y(language,)h(is)e(the)h(sister)g |
| | 37024 | (of)f(the)h(initiator)d(parton.)65 b(F)-8 b(or)39 b(instance,)j(when)e |
| | 37025 | (a)g(gluon)f(is)g(tak)m(en)i(out)0 3828 y(of)34 b(a)g(proton,)h(the)g |
| | 37026 | (recoil)e(is)h(all)e(tak)m(en)j(b)m(y)h(the)f(lone)e(quark)j(\(i.e.)48 |
| | 37027 | b(nothing)34 b(b)m(y)h(the)g(diquark\),)g(since)0 3936 |
| | 37028 | y(one)41 b(could)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(imagined)d(an)i(earlier)f(branc)m(hing) |
| | 37029 | h(q)2078 3951 y Fl(0)2160 3936 y Fn(!)h Fw(qg)q(,)i(b)s(elo)m(w)c(the)i |
| | 37030 | (sho)m(w)m(er)h(cut-o\013)d(scale)0 4044 y Fj(Q)77 4059 |
| | 37031 | y Fl(0)117 4044 y Fw(,)31 b(with)h Fj(p)446 4059 y Fk(?)p |
| | 37032 | Fh(q)534 4068 y Ff(0)598 4044 y Fw(=)c(0.)43 b(In)32 |
| | 37033 | b(addition,)e(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)k(t)m(w)m(o)e(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(ts)h |
| | 37034 | (ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(giv)m(en)f(a)h(relativ)m(e)e Fj(p)3693 |
| | 37035 | 4059 y Fk(?)3752 4044 y Fw(,)0 4153 y(whic)m(h)j(is)f(then)h(alw)m(a)m |
| | 37036 | (ys)h(c)m(hosen)g(as)e(for)h(q)1544 4168 y Fh(i)p 1572 |
| | 37037 | 4100 V 1572 4153 a Fw(q)1624 4176 y Fh(i)1684 4153 y |
| | 37038 | Fw(pairs)f(in)g(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(description.)146 |
| | 37039 | 4261 y(The)42 b Fj(\037)f Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b(is)h(in)m(terpreted)h |
| | 37040 | (as)g(a)f(sharing)h(of)f(ligh)m(t-cone)f(energy)j(and)f(momen)m(tum,)g |
| | 37041 | (i.e.)0 4369 y Fj(E)26 b Fw(+)20 b Fj(p)243 4384 y Fh(z)314 |
| | 37042 | 4369 y Fw(for)31 b(the)g(b)s(eam)g(mo)m(ving)f(in)h(the)h(+)p |
| | 37043 | Fj(z)k Fw(direction)30 b(and)i Fj(E)26 b Fn(\000)20 b |
| | 37044 | Fj(p)2505 4384 y Fh(z)2576 4369 y Fw(for)31 b(the)h(other)f(one.)44 |
| | 37045 | b(When)32 b(the)0 4478 y(t)m(w)m(o)i(transv)m(erse)i(masses)f |
| | 37046 | Fj(m)1056 4493 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)1184 4478 y Fw(and)f Fj(m)1460 |
| | 37047 | 4493 y Fk(?)p Fl(2)1589 4478 y Fw(of)f(a)g(comp)s(osite)g(remnan)m(t)h |
| | 37048 | (ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(constructed,)i(the)0 4586 y(total)31 |
| | 37049 | b(transv)m(erse)k(mass)d(can)h(therefore)g(b)s(e)g(found)g(as)1437 |
| | 37050 | 4840 y Fj(m)1522 4799 y Fl(2)1522 4865 y Fk(?)1609 4840 |
| | 37051 | y Fw(=)1722 4773 y Fj(m)1807 4737 y Fl(2)1807 4798 y |
| | 37052 | Fk(?)p Fl(1)p 1722 4817 180 4 v 1781 4909 a Fj(\037)1934 |
| | 37053 | 4840 y Fw(+)2068 4773 y Fj(m)2153 4737 y Fl(2)2153 4798 |
| | 37054 | y Fk(?)p Fl(2)p 2042 4817 232 4 v 2042 4909 a Fw(1)22 |
| | 37055 | b Fn(\000)g Fj(\037)2316 4840 y(;)1214 b Fw(\(156\))0 |
| | 37056 | 5105 y(if)27 b(remnan)m(t)i(1)f(is)g(the)h(one)g(that)f(tak)m(es)i(the) |
| | 37057 | f(fraction)e Fj(\037)p Fw(.)42 b(The)29 b(c)m(hoice)g(of)f(a)h(ligh)m |
| | 37058 | (t-cone)e(in)m(terpretation)0 5213 y(to)36 b Fj(\037)g |
| | 37059 | Fw(means)h(the)f(de\014nition)g(is)g(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)34 |
| | 37060 | b(under)k(longitudinal)32 b(b)s(o)s(osts,)38 b(and)e(therefore)h(do)s |
| | 37061 | (es)g(not)0 5322 y(dep)s(end)h(on)e(the)h(b)s(eam)f(energy)h(itself.)54 |
| | 37062 | b(A)36 b Fj(\037)h Fw(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(close)g(to)g(the)h(na)-11 |
| | 37063 | b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)37 b(b)s(orders)g(0)f(or)g(1)g(can)h(lead)0 |
| | 37064 | 5430 y(to)32 b(an)g(unreasonably)h(large)e(remnan)m(t)i |
| | 37065 | Fj(m)1559 5445 y Fk(?)1618 5430 y Fw(.)43 b(Therefore)34 |
| | 37066 | b(an)e(additional)d(c)m(hec)m(k)35 b(is)d(in)m(tro)s(duced,)h(that)0 |
| | 37067 | 5538 y(the)h(remnan)m(t)f Fj(m)642 5553 y Fk(?)734 5538 |
| | 37068 | y Fw(b)s(e)h(smaller)d(than)i(the)h(na)-11 b(\177)-38 |
| | 37069 | b(\020v)m(e)33 b(c.m.)45 b(frame)33 b(remnan)m(t)g(energy)-8 |
| | 37070 | b(,)34 b(\(1)23 b Fn(\000)g Fj(x)p Fw(\))p Fj(E)3450 |
| | 37071 | 5553 y Fl(cm)3545 5538 y Fj(=)p Fw(2.)45 b(If)0 5647 |
| | 37072 | y(this)32 b(is)g(not)h(the)g(case,)g(a)g(new)g Fj(\037)g |
| | 37073 | Fw(and)f(a)h(new)g(relativ)m(e)f(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum)c(is)h |
| | 37074 | (selected.)1817 5953 y(215)p eop |
| | 37075 | %%Page: 216 222 |
| | 37076 | 216 221 bop 146 -18 a Fw(Whether)39 b(there)f(is)f(one)h(remnan)m(t)f |
| | 37077 | (parton)g(or)g(t)m(w)m(o,)j(the)e(transv)m(erse)h(mass)f(of)f(the)h |
| | 37078 | (remnan)m(t)f(is)0 90 y(not)27 b(lik)m(ely)g(to)g(agree)h(with)f(1)12 |
| | 37079 | b Fn(\000)g Fj(x)28 b Fw(times)e(the)i(mass)g(of)f(the)h(b)s(eam)e |
| | 37080 | (particle,)i(i.e.)41 b(it)27 b(is)g(not)g(going)f(to)h(b)s(e)0 |
| | 37081 | 198 y(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(preserv)m(e)i(the)e(energy)h(and)f(momen)m |
| | 37082 | (tum)e(in)h(eac)m(h)i(remnan)m(t)f(separately)-8 b(.)42 |
| | 37083 | b(One)27 b(therefore)0 307 y(allo)m(ws)i(a)h(sh)m(u\017ing)g(of)g |
| | 37084 | (energy)h(and)f(momen)m(tum)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)f(b)s(eam)e |
| | 37085 | (remnan)m(ts)i(from)d(eac)m(h)j(of)f(the)0 415 y(t)m(w)m(o)f(incoming)d |
| | 37086 | (b)s(eams.)42 b(This)28 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(ac)m(hiev)m(ed)i(b)m(y)f(p)s |
| | 37087 | (erforming)d(a)i(\(small\))e(longitudinal)e(b)s(o)s(ost)k(of)0 |
| | 37088 | 523 y(eac)m(h)f(remnan)m(t)f(system.)42 b(Since)26 b(there)h(are)f(t)m |
| | 37089 | (w)m(o)g(b)s(o)s(ost)g(degrees)h(of)f(freedom,)h(one)f(for)g(eac)m(h)g |
| | 37090 | (remnan)m(t,)0 632 y(and)34 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(constrain)m(ts,)g(one)g(for)f |
| | 37091 | (energy)i(and)f(one)g(for)f(longitudinal)d(momen)m(tum,)i(a)i(solution) |
| | 37092 | e(ma)m(y)0 740 y(b)s(e)h(found.)146 848 y(Under)k(some)f |
| | 37093 | (circumstances,)h(one)f(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(t)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(absen)m |
| | 37094 | (t)h(or)e(of)h(v)m(ery)h(lo)m(w)e(energy)-8 b(,)0 957 |
| | 37095 | y(while)35 b(the)g(other)h(one)g(is)f(more)g(complicated.)50 |
| | 37096 | b(One)36 b(example)f(is)g(deep)h(inelastic)e(scattering)h(in)g(ep)0 |
| | 37097 | 1065 y(collisions,)26 b(where)j(the)f(electron)g(lea)m(v)m(es)h(no)f |
| | 37098 | (remnan)m(t,)g(or)g(ma)m(yb)s(e)g(only)f(a)g(lo)m(w-energy)h(photon.)42 |
| | 37099 | b(It)28 b(is)0 1173 y(clearly)c(then)i(not)f(p)s(ossible)f(to)h |
| | 37100 | (balance)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(ts)g(against)f(eac)m(h) |
| | 37101 | i(other.)41 b(Therefore,)0 1282 y(if)22 b(one)h(b)s(eam)g(remnan)m(t)g |
| | 37102 | (has)g(an)g(energy)h(b)s(elo)m(w)f(0.2)g(of)g(the)g(b)s(eam)f(energy)-8 |
| | 37103 | b(,)27 b(i.e.)39 b(if)22 b(the)i(initiator)c(parton)0 |
| | 37104 | 1390 y(has)37 b Fj(x)e(>)g Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(8,)i(then)h(the)f(t)m(w)m |
| | 37105 | (o)g(b)s(o)s(osts)g(needed)h(to)f(ensure)h(energy)f(and)g(momen)m(tum)f |
| | 37106 | (conserv)-5 b(ation)0 1498 y(are)30 b(instead)g(p)s(erformed)f(on)h |
| | 37107 | (the)g(other)g(remnan)m(t)g(and)g(on)g(the)g(in)m(teraction)f |
| | 37108 | (subsystem.)45 b(If)29 b(there)i(is)0 1607 y(a)f(lo)m(w-energy)h |
| | 37109 | (remnan)m(t)f(at)g(all)f(then,)i(b)s(efore)g(that,)g(energy)g(and)g |
| | 37110 | (momen)m(tum)e(are)h(assigned)h(to)f(the)0 1715 y(remnan)m(t)24 |
| | 37111 | b(constituen)m(t\(s\))i(so)e(that)g(the)h(appropriate)f(ligh)m(t-cone)f |
| | 37112 | (com)m(bination)f Fj(E)11 b Fn(\006)5 b Fj(p)3185 1730 |
| | 37113 | y Fh(z)3250 1715 y Fw(is)24 b(conserv)m(ed,)0 1823 y(but)39 |
| | 37114 | b(not)g(energy)h(or)e(momen)m(tum)g(separately)-8 b(.)62 |
| | 37115 | b(If)39 b(b)s(oth)g(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(ts)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(lo)m(w)f |
| | 37116 | (energy)-8 b(,)41 b(but)0 1932 y(b)s(oth)32 b(still)f(exist,)i(then)g |
| | 37117 | (the)g(one)g(with)f(lo)m(w)m(er)g Fj(m)1809 1947 y Fk(?)1869 |
| | 37118 | 1932 y Fj(=E)38 b Fw(is)32 b(the)h(one)g(that)f(will)f(not)h(b)s(e)h(b) |
| | 37119 | s(o)s(osted.)0 2206 y Fp(11.2)136 b(Multiple)45 b(In)l(teractions)0 |
| | 37120 | 2378 y Fw(In)h(this)f(section)g(w)m(e)h(presen)m(t)h(the)f(mo)s(del)e |
| | 37121 | (used)i(in)f Fm(Pythia)g Fw(to)g(describ)s(e)h(the)g(p)s(ossibilit)m(y) |
| | 37122 | d(that)0 2487 y(sev)m(eral)33 b(parton)e(pairs)g(undergo)i(hard)e(in)m |
| | 37123 | (teractions)h(in)f(a)g(hadron{hadron)h(collision,)d(and)j(thereb)m(y)0 |
| | 37124 | 2595 y(con)m(tribute)48 b(to)f(the)h(o)m(v)m(erall)e(ev)m(en)m(t)k |
| | 37125 | (activit)m(y)-8 b(,)50 b(in)d(particular)f(at)h(lo)m(w)g |
| | 37126 | Fj(p)2760 2610 y Fk(?)2819 2595 y Fw(.)88 b(The)49 b(same)e(mo)s(del)f |
| | 37127 | (is)0 2703 y(also)f(used)j(to)e(describ)s(e)h(the)g(VMD)f |
| | 37128 | Fj(\015)5 b Fw(p)47 b(ev)m(en)m(ts,)52 b(where)c(the)e(photon)h(in)m |
| | 37129 | (teracts)g(lik)m(e)e(a)h(hadron.)0 2812 y(It)c(should)g(from)e(the)j |
| | 37130 | (onset)f(b)s(e)h(made)e(clear)g(that)h(this)g(is)f(not)h(an)g(easy)h |
| | 37131 | (topic.)70 b(In)43 b(fact,)h(in)d(the)0 2920 y(full)k(ev)m(en)m(t)j |
| | 37132 | (generation)e(pro)s(cess,)51 b(probably)c(no)f(other)h(area)f(is)g(as)h |
| | 37133 | (p)s(o)s(orly)e(understo)s(o)s(d)i(as)g(this)0 3028 y(one.)55 |
| | 37134 | b(The)37 b(whole)f(concept)i(of)e(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m(teractions)j(is)g |
| | 37135 | (v)m(ery)i(con)m(tro)m(v)m(ersial,)f(with)f(con)m(traditory)0 |
| | 37136 | 3137 y(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)c(conclusions)g([AFS87].)146 |
| | 37137 | 3245 y(The)d(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m(teractions)h(scenario)h(presen)m(ted)j |
| | 37138 | (here)e([Sj\177)-49 b(o87a)o(])28 b(w)m(as)h(the)f(\014rst)h(detailed)e |
| | 37139 | (mo)s(del)0 3353 y(for)39 b(this)h(kind)f(of)g(ph)m(ysics,)k(and)d(is)f |
| | 37140 | (still)f(one)i(of)f(the)h(v)m(ery)h(few)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)62 |
| | 37141 | b(W)-8 b(e)40 b(will)d(presen)m(t)42 b(t)m(w)m(o)0 3462 |
| | 37142 | y(related)30 b(but)g(separate)h(scenarios,)g(one)g(`simple')d(mo)s(del) |
| | 37143 | h(and)h(one)h(somewhat)f(more)g(sophisticated.)0 3570 |
| | 37144 | y(In)c(fact,)i(neither)e(of)g(them)g(are)g(all)e(that)i(simple,)g(whic) |
| | 37145 | m(h)g(ma)m(y)g(mak)m(e)h(the)f(mo)s(dels)f(lo)s(ok)g(unattractiv)m(e.)0 |
| | 37146 | 3678 y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)42 b(the)d(w)m(orld)f(of)g(hadron)h(ph)m |
| | 37147 | (ysics)h Fi(is)e Fw(complicated,)g(and)h(if)e(w)m(e)j(err,)g(it)d(is)h |
| | 37148 | (most)g(lik)m(ely)f(in)0 3787 y(b)s(eing)g(to)s(o)f(unsophisticated.)58 |
| | 37149 | b(The)38 b(exp)s(erience)h(gained)d(with)h(the)h(mo)s(del\(s\),)f(in)g |
| | 37150 | (failures)f(as)h(w)m(ell)0 3895 y(as)c(successes,)j(could)c(b)s(e)h |
| | 37151 | (used)h(as)e(a)h(guideline)d(in)i(the)h(ev)m(olution)f(of)g(y)m(et)i |
| | 37152 | (more)e(detailed)f(mo)s(dels.)146 4003 y(Our)h(basic)g(philosoph)m(y)f |
| | 37153 | (will)f(b)s(e)i(as)g(follo)m(ws.)42 b(The)32 b(total)f(rate)h(of)f |
| | 37154 | (parton{parton)g(in)m(teractions,)0 4112 y(as)40 b(a)f(function)h(of)f |
| | 37155 | (the)h(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum)d(scale)g Fj(p)2176 |
| | 37156 | 4127 y Fk(?)2235 4112 y Fw(,)j(is)d(assumed)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(giv)m(en)g |
| | 37157 | (b)m(y)h(p)s(ertur-)0 4220 y(bativ)m(e)34 b(QCD.)g(This)g(is)f |
| | 37158 | (certainly)g(true)h(for)g(reasonably)g(large)e Fj(p)2437 |
| | 37159 | 4235 y Fk(?)2530 4220 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)34 b(but)g(here)h(w)m(e)g |
| | 37160 | (shall)d(also)0 4328 y(extend)40 b(the)f(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)g |
| | 37161 | (parton{parton)f(scattering)g(framew)m(ork)h(in)m(to)f(the)h(lo)m(w-)p |
| | 37162 | Fj(p)3261 4343 y Fk(?)3358 4328 y Fw(region.)60 b(A)0 |
| | 37163 | 4437 y(regularization)39 b(of)j(the)h(div)m(ergence)g(in)f(the)g(cross) |
| | 37164 | h(section)f(for)g Fj(p)2505 4452 y Fk(?)2608 4437 y Fn(!)i |
| | 37165 | Fw(0)e(has)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(in)m(tro)s(duced,)0 4545 y(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,) |
| | 37166 | h(whic)m(h)d(will)d(pro)m(vide)i(us)h(with)f(the)h(main)d(free)j |
| | 37167 | (parameter)e(of)h(the)h(mo)s(del.)61 b(Since)40 b(eac)m(h)0 |
| | 37168 | 4653 y(incoming)f(hadron)i(is)g(a)f(comp)s(osite)g(ob)5 |
| | 37169 | b(ject,)45 b(consisting)40 b(of)h(man)m(y)g(partons,)i(there)f(should)f |
| | 37170 | (exist)0 4762 y(the)k(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d(of)i(sev)m(eral)h(parton)f |
| | 37171 | (pairs)g(in)m(teracting)g(when)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(hadrons)g(collide.)77 |
| | 37172 | b(It)45 b(is)f(not)0 4870 y(unreasonable)35 b(to)f(assume)h(that)g(the) |
| | 37173 | g(di\013eren)m(t)g(pairwise)f(in)m(teractions)g(tak)m(e)h(place)f |
| | 37174 | (essen)m(tially)h(in-)0 4979 y(dep)s(enden)m(tly)k(of)e(eac)m(h)i |
| | 37175 | (other,)g(and)f(that)f(therefore)h(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(in)m |
| | 37176 | (teractions)g(in)g(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)0 5087 y(giv)m(en)33 |
| | 37177 | b(b)m(y)g(a)f(P)m(oissonian)h(distribution.)41 b(This)33 |
| | 37178 | b(is)f(the)h(strategy)g(of)f(the)h(`simple')e(scenario.)146 |
| | 37179 | 5195 y(F)-8 b(urthermore,)28 b(hadrons)g(are)f(not)h(only)e(comp)s |
| | 37180 | (osite)h(but)g(also)g(extended)i(ob)5 b(jects,)30 b(meaning)c(that)0 |
| | 37181 | 5304 y(collisions)e(range)i(from)e(v)m(ery)k(cen)m(tral)e(to)g(rather)g |
| | 37182 | (p)s(eripheral)f(ones.)42 b(Reasonably)-8 b(,)27 b(the)g(a)m(v)m(erage) |
| | 37183 | g(n)m(um-)0 5412 y(b)s(er)39 b(of)f(in)m(teractions)g(should)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 37184 | (larger)f(in)g(the)h(former)e(than)i(in)f(the)h(latter)f(case.)62 |
| | 37185 | b(Whereas)40 b(the)0 5520 y(assumption)25 b(of)g(a)g(P)m(oissonian)g |
| | 37186 | (distribution)e(should)i(hold)g(for)g(eac)m(h)h(impact)e(parameter)h |
| | 37187 | (separately)-8 b(,)0 5629 y(the)30 b(distribution)f(in)g(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 37188 | (er)h(of)g(in)m(teractions)f(should)h(b)s(e)h(widened)f(b)m(y)h(the)g |
| | 37189 | (spread)g(of)e(impact)g(pa-)1817 5953 y(216)p eop |
| | 37190 | %%Page: 217 223 |
| | 37191 | 217 222 bop 0 -18 a Fw(rameters.)41 b(The)27 b(amoun)m(t)f(of)f |
| | 37192 | (widening)h(dep)s(ends)h(on)f(the)h(assumed)f(matter)g(distribution)e |
| | 37193 | (inside)h(the)0 90 y(colliding)33 b(hadrons.)53 b(In)37 |
| | 37194 | b(the)f(`complex')g(scenario,)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(matter)g |
| | 37195 | (distributions)e(are)i(therefore)0 198 y(in)m(tro)s(duced.)0 |
| | 37196 | 446 y Fo(11.2.1)113 b(The)37 b(basic)g(cross)h(sections)0 |
| | 37197 | 619 y Fw(The)f(QCD)f(cross)g(section)g(for)g(hard)g(2)d |
| | 37198 | Fn(!)g Fw(2)i(pro)s(cesses,)k(as)d(a)g(function)f(of)h(the)g |
| | 37199 | Fj(p)3096 582 y Fl(2)3096 643 y Fk(?)3191 619 y Fw(scale,)h(is)e(giv)m |
| | 37200 | (en)0 727 y(b)m(y)497 844 y(d)p Fj(\033)p 472 888 163 |
| | 37201 | 4 v 472 979 a Fw(d)p Fj(p)575 945 y Fl(2)575 1004 y Fk(?)672 |
| | 37202 | 911 y Fw(=)781 828 y Fg(X)776 1012 y Fh(i;j;k)923 794 |
| | 37203 | y Fg(Z)1022 911 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)1131 926 y Fl(1)1188 794 |
| | 37204 | y Fg(Z)1288 911 y Fw(d)p Fj(x)1397 926 y Fl(2)1453 794 |
| | 37205 | y Fg(Z)1553 911 y Fw(d)1608 893 y(^)1607 911 y Fj(t)17 |
| | 37206 | b(f)1707 926 y Fh(i)1735 911 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)1828 926 |
| | 37207 | y Fl(1)1868 911 y Fj(;)g(Q)1989 870 y Fl(2)2028 911 y |
| | 37208 | Fw(\))g Fj(f)2131 926 y Fh(j)2168 911 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)2261 |
| | 37209 | 926 y Fl(2)2300 911 y Fj(;)g(Q)2421 870 y Fl(2)2461 911 |
| | 37210 | y Fw(\))2525 837 y(d)5 b(^)-54 b Fj(\033)2638 801 y Fh(k)2634 |
| | 37211 | 862 y(ij)p 2525 888 171 4 v 2566 985 a Fw(d)2621 967 |
| | 37212 | y(^)2620 985 y Fj(t)2722 911 y(\016)2769 765 y Fg( )2835 |
| | 37213 | 911 y Fj(p)2884 870 y Fl(2)2884 936 y Fk(?)2965 911 y |
| | 37214 | Fn(\000)3076 825 y Fw(^)3074 844 y Fj(t)7 b Fw(^)-55 |
| | 37215 | b Fj(u)p 3074 888 91 4 v 3101 979 a Fw(^)i Fj(s)3175 |
| | 37216 | 765 y Fg(!)3290 911 y Fj(;)240 b Fw(\(157\))0 1165 y(cf.)46 |
| | 37217 | b(section)34 b(7.2.)46 b(Implicitly)-8 b(,)30 b(from)j(no)m(w)h(on)f(w) |
| | 37218 | m(e)i(are)e(assuming)g(that)g(the)h(`hardness')h(of)e(pro)s(cesses)0 |
| | 37219 | 1273 y(is)27 b(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(the)g Fj(p)684 1288 |
| | 37220 | y Fk(?)770 1273 y Fw(scale)f(of)g(the)h(scattering.)41 |
| | 37221 | b(F)-8 b(or)26 b(an)i(application)c(of)j(the)h(form)m(ula)d(ab)s(o)m(v) |
| | 37222 | m(e)j(to)f(small)0 1382 y Fj(p)49 1397 y Fk(?)148 1382 |
| | 37223 | y Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)41 b(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(ca)m(v)m(eats)j |
| | 37224 | (could)d(b)s(e)h(made.)65 b(A)m(t)40 b(lo)m(w)f Fj(p)2497 |
| | 37225 | 1397 y Fk(?)2556 1382 y Fw(,)j(the)e(in)m(tegrals)f(receiv)m(e)i(ma)5 |
| | 37226 | b(jor)0 1490 y(con)m(tributions)33 b(from)g(the)h(small-)p |
| | 37227 | Fj(x)d Fw(region,)i(where)i(parton)f(distributions)e(are)i(p)s(o)s |
| | 37228 | (orly)e(understo)s(o)s(d)0 1599 y(theoretically)k(\(Regge)i(limit)d(b)s |
| | 37229 | (eha)m(viour,)k(dense)h(pac)m(king)e(problems)f(etc.)60 |
| | 37230 | b([Lev90)q(]\))38 b(and)g(not)f(y)m(et)0 1707 y(measured.)79 |
| | 37231 | b(Di\013eren)m(t)44 b(sets)i(of)e(parton)g(distributions)f(can)i |
| | 37232 | (therefore)g(giv)m(e)f(n)m(umerically)e(rather)0 1815 |
| | 37233 | y(di\013eren)m(t)f(results)g(for)f(the)h(phenomenology)e(of)i(in)m |
| | 37234 | (terest.)67 b(One)41 b(ma)m(y)g(also)e(w)m(orry)i(ab)s(out)f(higher-)0 |
| | 37235 | 1924 y(order)k(corrections)f(to)g(the)h(jet)g(rates)g(\()p |
| | 37236 | Fj(K)51 b Fw(factors\),)46 b(b)s(ey)m(ond)e(what)g(is)f(giv)m(en)h(b)m |
| | 37237 | (y)g(parton-sho)m(w)m(er)0 2032 y(corrections)c(|)g(one)g(simple)e |
| | 37238 | (option)h(w)m(e)j(allo)m(w)c(here)j(is)e(to)h(ev)-5 b(aluate)40 |
| | 37239 | b Fj(\013)2761 2047 y Fl(s)2833 2032 y Fw(of)f(the)i(hard)f(scattering) |
| | 37240 | 0 2140 y(pro)s(cess)34 b(at)e(an)h(optimized)d(scale,)j |
| | 37241 | Fj(\013)1367 2155 y Fl(s)1399 2140 y Fw(\(0)p Fj(:)p |
| | 37242 | Fw(075)p Fj(p)1709 2104 y Fl(2)1709 2165 y Fk(?)1767 |
| | 37243 | 2140 y Fw(\))g([Ell86)n(].)146 2249 y(The)h(hard)e(scattering)h(cross)g |
| | 37244 | (section)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(some)g(giv)m(en)g Fj(p)2415 |
| | 37245 | 2264 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)2624 2249 y Fw(is)f(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)1235 |
| | 37246 | 2517 y Fj(\033)1290 2532 y Fl(hard)1436 2517 y Fw(\()p |
| | 37247 | Fj(p)1523 2532 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1699 2517 y Fw(\))28 b(=)1868 |
| | 37248 | 2399 y Fg(Z)1952 2426 y Fh(s=)p Fl(4)1915 2588 y Fh(p)1951 |
| | 37249 | 2565 y Ff(2)1951 2613 y Fd(?)p Ff(min)2158 2449 y Fw(d)p |
| | 37250 | Fj(\033)p 2134 2493 163 4 v 2134 2585 a Fw(d)p Fj(p)2237 |
| | 37251 | 2551 y Fl(2)2237 2610 y Fk(?)2323 2517 y Fw(d)p Fj(p)2426 |
| | 37252 | 2475 y Fl(2)2426 2541 y Fk(?)2517 2517 y Fj(:)1013 b |
| | 37253 | Fw(\(158\))0 2800 y(Since)29 b(the)g(di\013eren)m(tial)d(cross)k |
| | 37254 | (section)e(div)m(erges)i(roughly)e(lik)m(e)f(d)p Fj(p)2454 |
| | 37255 | 2764 y Fl(2)2454 2825 y Fk(?)2514 2800 y Fj(=p)2612 2764 |
| | 37256 | y Fl(4)2612 2825 y Fk(?)2670 2800 y Fw(,)j Fj(\033)2782 |
| | 37257 | 2815 y Fl(hard)2956 2800 y Fw(is)e(also)g(div)m(ergen)m(t)h(for)0 |
| | 37258 | 2908 y Fj(p)49 2923 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)264 2908 y Fn(!)39 |
| | 37259 | b Fw(0.)63 b(W)-8 b(e)39 b(ma)m(y)g(compare)g(this)g(with)g(the)g |
| | 37260 | (total)f(inelastic,)h(non-di\013ractiv)m(e)f(cross)i(section)0 |
| | 37261 | 3017 y Fj(\033)55 3032 y Fl(nd)138 3017 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p |
| | 37262 | Fw(\))26 b(|)g(elastic)g(and)h(di\013ractiv)m(e)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(are)f |
| | 37263 | (not)f(the)h(topic)f(of)g(this)g(section.)42 b(A)m(t)27 |
| | 37264 | b(curren)m(t)h(collider)0 3125 y(energies)48 b Fj(\033)439 |
| | 37265 | 3140 y Fl(hard)584 3125 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)671 3140 y Fk(?)p |
| | 37266 | Fl(min)848 3125 y Fw(\))f(b)s(ecomes)g(comparable)f(with)h |
| | 37267 | Fj(\033)2162 3140 y Fl(nd)2292 3125 y Fw(for)f Fj(p)2504 |
| | 37268 | 3140 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)2733 3125 y Fn(\031)p Fw(1.5{2)h(GeV.)g(This)g |
| | 37269 | (need)0 3233 y(not)37 b(lead)f(to)g(con)m(tradictions:)51 |
| | 37270 | b Fj(\033)1244 3248 y Fl(hard)1427 3233 y Fw(do)s(es)37 |
| | 37271 | b(not)g(giv)m(e)g(the)g(hadron{hadron)f(cross)i(section)f(but)g(the)0 |
| | 37272 | 3342 y(parton{parton)c(one.)49 b(Eac)m(h)35 b(of)e(the)i(incoming)c |
| | 37273 | (hadrons)k(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(view)m(ed)h(as)f(a)g(b)s(eam)g(of)f |
| | 37274 | (partons,)0 3450 y(with)i(the)h(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e(of)h(ha)m(ving)g |
| | 37275 | (sev)m(eral)i(parton{parton)e(in)m(teractions)g(when)h(the)g(hadrons)h |
| | 37276 | (pass)0 3558 y(through)g(eac)m(h)h(other.)57 b(In)38 |
| | 37277 | b(this)e(language,)h Fj(\033)1718 3573 y Fl(hard)1864 |
| | 37278 | 3558 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)1951 3573 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)2128 3558 |
| | 37279 | y Fw(\))p Fj(=\033)2270 3573 y Fl(nd)2352 3558 y Fw(\()p |
| | 37280 | Fj(s)p Fw(\))g(is)g(simply)f(the)h(a)m(v)m(erage)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)0 |
| | 37281 | 3667 y(of)28 b(parton{parton)g(scatterings)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g |
| | 37282 | Fj(p)1554 3682 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1760 3667 y Fw(in)f(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)j |
| | 37283 | (and)e(this)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(ma)m(y)e(w)m(ell)g(b)s(e)h(larger)0 |
| | 37284 | 3775 y(than)k(unit)m(y)-8 b(.)146 3883 y(While)32 b(the)g(in)m(tro)s |
| | 37285 | (duction)f(of)h(sev)m(eral)h(in)m(teractions)f(p)s(er)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j |
| | 37286 | (is)d(the)g(natural)g(consequence)j(of)0 3992 y(allo)m(wing)23 |
| | 37287 | b(small)g Fj(p)672 4007 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)875 3992 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 37288 | b(alues)25 b(and)h(hence)h(large)d Fj(\033)1891 4007 |
| | 37289 | y Fl(hard)2063 3992 y Fw(ones,)k(it)c(is)h(not)h(the)g(solution)e(of)h |
| | 37290 | Fj(\033)3332 4007 y Fl(hard)3478 3992 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)3565 |
| | 37291 | 4007 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)3742 3992 y Fw(\))0 4100 y(b)s(eing)34 |
| | 37292 | b(div)m(ergen)m(t)i(for)e Fj(p)893 4115 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1101 |
| | 37293 | 4100 y Fn(!)d Fw(0:)48 b(the)35 b(a)m(v)m(erage)40 b(^)-53 |
| | 37294 | b Fj(s)35 b Fw(of)f(a)g(scattering)h(decreases)i(slo)m(w)m(er)e(with)g |
| | 37295 | Fj(p)3603 4115 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)0 4208 y Fw(than)22 b(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 37296 | (er)h(of)e(in)m(teractions)g(increases,)26 b(so)c(na)-11 |
| | 37297 | b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(ely)21 b(the)i(total)d(amoun)m(t)i(of)f(scattered) |
| | 37298 | i(partonic)0 4317 y(energy)j(b)s(ecomes)f(in\014nite.)40 |
| | 37299 | b(One)25 b(cut-o\013)f(is)h(therefore)g(obtained)f(via)g(the)h(need)h |
| | 37300 | (to)f(in)m(tro)s(duce)f(prop)s(er)0 4425 y(m)m(ulti-parton)37 |
| | 37301 | b(correlated)i(parton)h(distributions)e(inside)h(a)h(hadron.)65 |
| | 37302 | b(This)40 b(is)f(not)h(a)f(part)h(of)f(the)0 4533 y(standard)23 |
| | 37303 | b(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)f(QCD)g(formalism)d(and)j(is)g(therefore)h(not)f |
| | 37304 | (built)e(in)m(to)i(eq.)h(\(158\).)39 b(In)22 b(practice,)0 |
| | 37305 | 4642 y(ev)m(en)33 b(correlated)f(parton-distribution)d(functions)i |
| | 37306 | (seems)i(to)e(pro)m(vide)h(to)s(o)f(w)m(eak)i(a)e(cut,)h(i.e.)43 |
| | 37307 | b(one)32 b(is)0 4750 y(lead)27 b(to)h(a)g(picture)g(with)f(to)s(o)g |
| | 37308 | (little)f(of)h(the)i(incoming)d(energy)j(remaining)c(in)i(the)i |
| | 37309 | (small-angle)24 b(b)s(eam)0 4858 y(jet)33 b(region.)146 |
| | 37310 | 4967 y(A)d(more)g(credible)f(reason)h(for)g(an)f(e\013ectiv)m(e)i |
| | 37311 | (cut-o\013)f(is)f(that)h(the)g(incoming)e(hadrons)i(are)g(colour)0 |
| | 37312 | 5075 y(neutral)39 b(ob)5 b(jects.)67 b(Therefore,)43 |
| | 37313 | b(when)d(the)h Fj(p)1701 5090 y Fk(?)1799 5075 y Fw(of)f(an)f(exc)m |
| | 37314 | (hanged)j(gluon)d(is)g(made)h(small)d(and)j(the)0 5183 |
| | 37315 | y(transv)m(erse)45 b(w)m(a)m(v)m(elength)g(corresp)s(ondingly)e(large,) |
| | 37316 | h(the)g(gluon)e(can)i(no)f(longer)f(resolv)m(e)i(the)f(indi-)0 |
| | 37317 | 5292 y(vidual)34 b(colour)h(c)m(harges,)i(and)e(the)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)g |
| | 37318 | (coupling)e(is)h(decreased.)54 b(This)36 b(mec)m(hanism)e(is)h(not)g |
| | 37319 | (in)0 5400 y(con)m(tradiction)40 b(to)i(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)f(QCD)h |
| | 37320 | (calculations,)g(whic)m(h)g(are)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(p)s(erformed)f |
| | 37321 | (assuming)0 5509 y(scattering)34 b(of)g(free)g(partons)h(\(rather)f |
| | 37322 | (than)g(partons)h(inside)e(hadrons\),)i(but)g(neither)f(do)s(es)h |
| | 37323 | (presen)m(t)0 5617 y(kno)m(wledge)30 b(of)g(QCD)f(pro)m(vide)h(an)f |
| | 37324 | (understanding)h(of)f(ho)m(w)i(suc)m(h)g(a)e(decoupling)g(mec)m(hanism) |
| | 37325 | g(w)m(ould)1817 5953 y(217)p eop |
| | 37326 | %%Page: 218 224 |
| | 37327 | 218 223 bop 0 -18 a Fw(w)m(ork)32 b(in)f(detail.)41 b(In)32 |
| | 37328 | b(the)g(simple)d(mo)s(del)h(one)i(mak)m(es)g(use)g(of)f(a)g(sharp)g |
| | 37329 | (cut-o\013)g(at)g(some)h(scale)f Fj(p)3576 -3 y Fk(?)p |
| | 37330 | Fl(min)3752 -18 y Fw(,)0 90 y(while)h(a)g(more)g(smo)s(oth)g(damp)s |
| | 37331 | (ening)f(is)h(assumed)h(for)f(the)h(complex)f(scenario.)0 |
| | 37332 | 338 y Fo(11.2.2)113 b(The)37 b(simple)f(mo)s(del)0 510 |
| | 37333 | y Fw(In)e(an)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(with)e(sev)m(eral)h(in)m(teractions,)f(it) |
| | 37334 | f(is)g(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)j(to)e(imp)s(ose)f(an)i(ordering.)44 |
| | 37335 | b(The)35 b(logical)0 619 y(c)m(hoice)d(is)g(to)g(arrange)f(the)i |
| | 37336 | (scatterings)f(in)g(falling)c(sequence)35 b(of)d Fj(x)2491 |
| | 37337 | 634 y Fk(?)2578 619 y Fw(=)27 b(2)p Fj(p)2779 634 y Fk(?)2838 |
| | 37338 | 619 y Fj(=E)2959 634 y Fl(cm)3053 619 y Fw(.)44 b(The)33 |
| | 37339 | b(`\014rst')f(scat-)0 727 y(tering)i(is)g(th)m(us)i(the)f(hardest)g |
| | 37340 | (one,)g(with)g(the)g(`subsequen)m(t')j(\(`second',)e(`third',)f(etc.\)) |
| | 37341 | 50 b(successiv)m(ely)0 835 y(softer.)71 b(It)41 b(is)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t) |
| | 37342 | f(to)h(remem)m(b)s(er)g(that)g(this)g(terminology)f(is)h(in)f(no)i(w)m |
| | 37343 | (a)m(y)h(related)e(to)g(an)m(y)0 944 y(picture)34 b(in)f(ph)m(ysical)h |
| | 37344 | (time;)g(w)m(e)h(do)f(not)g(kno)m(w)h(an)m(ything)f(ab)s(out)f(the)i |
| | 37345 | (latter.)47 b(In)34 b(principle,)f(all)f(the)0 1052 y(scatterings)40 |
| | 37346 | b(that)g(o)s(ccur)g(in)f(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(m)m(ust)e(b)s(e)g |
| | 37347 | (correlated)f(someho)m(w,)k(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(ely)39 |
| | 37348 | b(b)m(y)i(momen)m(tum)0 1160 y(and)32 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(conserv)-5 |
| | 37349 | b(ation)32 b(for)g(the)h(partons)f(from)f(eac)m(h)j(incoming)c(hadron,) |
| | 37350 | i(less)h(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(ely)32 b(b)m(y)h(v)-5 |
| | 37351 | b(ar-)0 1269 y(ious)31 b(quan)m(tum)h(mec)m(hanical)f(e\013ects.)44 |
| | 37352 | b(When)33 b(a)m(v)m(eraging)e(o)m(v)m(er)i(all)d(con\014gurations)h(of) |
| | 37353 | g(soft)h(partons,)0 1377 y(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)g(one)d(should)f |
| | 37354 | (e\013ectiv)m(ely)h(obtain)f(the)h(standard)g(QCD)f(phenomenology)g |
| | 37355 | (for)g(a)h(hard)f(scat-)0 1485 y(tering,)i(e.g.)43 b(in)30 |
| | 37356 | b(terms)g(of)g(parton)g(distributions.)41 b(Correlation)29 |
| | 37357 | b(e\013ects,)j(kno)m(wn)g(or)e(estimated,)g(can)0 1594 |
| | 37358 | y(b)s(e)h(in)m(tro)s(duced)g(in)g(the)g(c)m(hoice)g(of)g(subsequen)m(t) |
| | 37359 | j(scatterings,)d(giv)m(en)h(that)e(the)i(`preceding')f(\(harder\))0 |
| | 37360 | 1702 y(ones)i(are)g(already)f(kno)m(wn.)146 1810 y(With)38 |
| | 37361 | b(a)g(total)e(cross)j(section)f(of)g(hard)g(in)m(teractions)g |
| | 37362 | Fj(\033)2245 1825 y Fl(hard)2390 1810 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)2477 |
| | 37363 | 1825 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)2654 1810 y Fw(\))g(to)g(b)s(e)g(distributed)g |
| | 37364 | (among)0 1919 y Fj(\033)55 1934 y Fl(nd)138 1919 y Fw(\()p |
| | 37365 | Fj(s)p Fw(\))d(\(non-di\013ractiv)m(e,)f(inelastic\))g(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k |
| | 37366 | (the)d(a)m(v)m(erage)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)g(in)m(teractions)f(p)s(er) |
| | 37367 | h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)0 2027 y(just)30 b(the)g(ratio)p 585 |
| | 37368 | 1974 59 4 v 28 w Fj(n)d Fw(=)h Fj(\033)829 2042 y Fl(hard)975 |
| | 37369 | 2027 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)1062 2042 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1238 2027 |
| | 37370 | y Fw(\))p Fj(=\033)1380 2042 y Fl(nd)1463 2027 y Fw(\()p |
| | 37371 | Fj(s)p Fw(\).)42 b(As)30 b(a)f(starting)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f(w)m(e)j(will)c |
| | 37372 | (assume)j(that)f(all)e(hadron)0 2135 y(collisions)21 |
| | 37373 | b(are)j(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)23 b(\(no)h(impact)e(parameter)h(dep)s |
| | 37374 | (endence\),)28 b(and)c(that)f(the)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(parton{)0 |
| | 37375 | 2244 y(parton)40 b(in)m(teractions)f(tak)m(e)i(place)f(completely)e |
| | 37376 | (indep)s(enden)m(tly)j(of)f(eac)m(h)h(other.)66 b(The)41 |
| | 37377 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)0 2352 y(scatterings)32 b(p)s(er)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h |
| | 37378 | (is)d(then)i(distributed)f(according)f(to)h(a)g(P)m(oissonian)f(with)h |
| | 37379 | (mean)p 3335 2299 V 32 w Fj(n)p Fw(.)43 b(A)33 b(\014t)f(to)0 |
| | 37380 | 2460 y(collider)e(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)f(data)j(giv)m(es)g |
| | 37381 | Fj(p)1373 2475 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1578 2460 y Fn(\031)c |
| | 37382 | Fw(1)p Fj(:)p Fw(6)j(GeV,)i(whic)m(h)g(corresp)s(onds)g(to)p |
| | 37383 | 3024 2408 V 32 w Fj(n)28 b Fn(\031)g Fw(1.)43 b(F)-8 |
| | 37384 | b(or)32 b(Mon)m(te)0 2569 y(Carlo)g(generation)f(of)i(these)g(in)m |
| | 37385 | (teractions)f(it)g(is)g(useful)h(to)f(de\014ne)1427 2833 |
| | 37386 | y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1579 2848 y Fk(?)1638 2833 y |
| | 37387 | Fw(\))28 b(=)1923 2765 y(1)p 1818 2809 260 4 v 1818 2901 |
| | 37388 | a Fj(\033)1873 2916 y Fl(nd)1956 2901 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p |
| | 37389 | Fw(\))2142 2765 y(d)p Fj(\033)p 2114 2809 169 4 v 2114 |
| | 37390 | 2901 a Fw(d)p Fj(x)2223 2916 y Fk(?)2325 2833 y Fj(;)1205 |
| | 37391 | b Fw(\(159\))0 3109 y(with)34 b(d)p Fj(\033)t(=)p Fw(d)p |
| | 37392 | Fj(x)495 3124 y Fk(?)590 3109 y Fw(obtained)g(b)m(y)h(analogy)f(with)g |
| | 37393 | (eq.)51 b(\(157\).)e(Then)36 b Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)2597 |
| | 37394 | 3124 y Fk(?)2656 3109 y Fw(\))35 b(is)f(simply)f(the)i(probabilit)m(y)0 |
| | 37395 | 3217 y(to)k(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(parton{parton)f(in)m(teraction)g(at)h |
| | 37396 | Fj(x)1774 3232 y Fk(?)1834 3217 y Fw(,)h(giv)m(en)g(that)f(the)g(t)m(w) |
| | 37397 | m(o)h(hadrons)g(undergo)f(a)g(non-)0 3325 y(di\013ractiv)m(e,)32 |
| | 37398 | b(inelastic)f(collision.)146 3434 y(The)37 b(probabilit)m(y)c(that)j |
| | 37399 | (the)f(hardest)i(in)m(teraction,)e(i.e.)52 b(the)36 b(one)f(with)g |
| | 37400 | (highest)h Fj(x)3257 3449 y Fk(?)3316 3434 y Fw(,)h(is)e(at)g |
| | 37401 | Fj(x)3658 3449 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)3752 3434 y Fw(,)0 3542 |
| | 37402 | y(is)d(no)m(w)h(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)1197 3703 y Fj(f)11 |
| | 37403 | b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1349 3718 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)1444 3703 y Fw(\))17 |
| | 37404 | b(exp)1664 3582 y Fg(\032)1726 3703 y Fn(\000)1820 3586 |
| | 37405 | y Fg(Z)1903 3612 y Fl(1)1866 3775 y Fh(x)1906 3787 y |
| | 37406 | Fd(?)p Ff(1)2009 3703 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)2161 3662 |
| | 37407 | y Fk(0)2161 3728 y(?)2221 3703 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(x)2385 |
| | 37408 | 3662 y Fk(0)2385 3728 y(?)2444 3582 y Fg(\033)2555 3703 |
| | 37409 | y Fj(;)975 b Fw(\(160\))0 3918 y(i.e.)56 b(the)37 b(na)-11 |
| | 37410 | b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)37 b(probabilit)m(y)e(to)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)e |
| | 37411 | (scattering)h(at)g Fj(x)2187 3933 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)2318 |
| | 37412 | 3918 y Fw(m)m(ultiplied)d(b)m(y)k(the)f(probabilit)m(y)e(that)0 |
| | 37413 | 4026 y(there)g(w)m(as)f(no)g(scattering)g(with)f Fj(x)1306 |
| | 37414 | 4041 y Fk(?)1399 4026 y Fw(larger)g(than)h Fj(x)1961 |
| | 37415 | 4041 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)2056 4026 y Fw(.)47 b(This)34 b(is)f(the)i(familiar) |
| | 37416 | 29 b(exp)s(onen)m(tial)34 b(damp-)0 4135 y(ening)h(in)g(radioactiv)m(e) |
| | 37417 | f(deca)m(ys,)39 b(encoun)m(tered)e(e.g.)53 b(in)35 b(parton)g(sho)m(w)m |
| | 37418 | (ers)j(in)d(section)g(10.1.2.)52 b(Using)0 4243 y(the)36 |
| | 37419 | b(same)f(tec)m(hnique)i(as)f(in)f(the)h(pro)s(of)f(of)g(the)h(v)m(eto)g |
| | 37420 | (algorithm,)d(section)j(4.2,)g(the)g(probabilit)m(y)e(to)0 |
| | 37421 | 4351 y(ha)m(v)m(e)g(an)e Fj(i)p Fw(:th)h(scattering)g(at)f(an)g |
| | 37422 | Fj(x)1305 4366 y Fk(?)p Fh(i)1417 4351 y Fj(<)27 b(x)1575 |
| | 37423 | 4366 y Fk(?)p Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1777 4351 y Fj(<)g |
| | 37424 | Fn(\001)17 b(\001)g(\001)26 b Fj(<)i(x)2183 4366 y Fk(?)p |
| | 37425 | Fl(1)2305 4351 y Fj(<)g Fw(1)k(is)g(found)h(to)f(b)s(e)599 |
| | 37426 | 4632 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)751 4647 y Fk(?)p Fh(i)834 |
| | 37427 | 4632 y Fw(\))1028 4565 y(1)p 899 4609 307 4 v 899 4701 |
| | 37428 | a(\()p Fj(i)22 b Fn(\000)h Fw(1\)!)1232 4511 y Fg(\022)1293 |
| | 37429 | 4515 y(Z)1376 4542 y Fl(1)1339 4704 y Fh(x)1379 4716 |
| | 37430 | y Fd(?)p Fe(i)1474 4632 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1626 |
| | 37431 | 4591 y Fk(0)1626 4657 y(?)1685 4632 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p |
| | 37432 | Fj(x)1849 4591 y Fk(0)1849 4657 y(?)1909 4511 y Fg(\023)1970 |
| | 37433 | 4525 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2105 4632 y Fw(exp)2270 |
| | 37434 | 4511 y Fg(\032)2333 4632 y Fn(\000)2427 4515 y Fg(Z)2510 |
| | 37435 | 4542 y Fl(1)2473 4704 y Fh(x)2513 4716 y Fd(?)p Fe(i)2608 |
| | 37436 | 4632 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)2760 4591 y Fk(0)2760 4657 |
| | 37437 | y(?)2819 4632 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(x)2983 4591 y Fk(0)2983 |
| | 37438 | 4657 y(?)3042 4511 y Fg(\033)3153 4632 y Fj(:)377 b Fw(\(161\))0 |
| | 37439 | 4903 y(The)43 b(total)d(probabilit)m(y)f(to)j(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)e |
| | 37440 | (scattering)h(at)f(a)g(giv)m(en)h Fj(x)2409 4918 y Fk(?)2469 |
| | 37441 | 4903 y Fw(,)i(irresp)s(ectiv)m(ely)d(of)g(it)g(b)s(eing)g(the)0 |
| | 37442 | 5011 y(\014rst,)35 b(the)g(second)g(or)f(whatev)m(er,)i(ob)m(viously)e |
| | 37443 | (adds)g(up)h(to)f(giv)m(e)g(bac)m(k)h Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 37444 | Fj(x)2792 5026 y Fk(?)2851 5011 y Fw(\).)48 b(The)35 |
| | 37445 | b(m)m(ultiple)c(in)m(ter-)0 5119 y(action)f(formalism)e(th)m(us)33 |
| | 37446 | b(retains)e(the)h(correct)g(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)f(QCD)g(expression)i |
| | 37447 | (for)e(the)h(scattering)0 5228 y(probabilit)m(y)f(at)h(an)m(y)h(giv)m |
| | 37448 | (en)g Fj(x)1112 5243 y Fk(?)1171 5228 y Fw(.)146 5336 |
| | 37449 | y(With)f(the)h(help)g(of)f(the)h(in)m(tegral)861 5604 |
| | 37450 | y Fj(F)14 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1031 5619 y Fk(?)1090 5604 y |
| | 37451 | Fw(\))27 b(=)1259 5487 y Fg(Z)1342 5513 y Fl(1)1305 5676 |
| | 37452 | y Fh(x)1345 5688 y Fd(?)1418 5604 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 37453 | Fj(x)1570 5563 y Fk(0)1570 5629 y(?)1629 5604 y Fw(\))17 |
| | 37454 | b(d)p Fj(x)1793 5563 y Fk(0)1793 5629 y(?)1880 5604 y |
| | 37455 | Fw(=)2099 5537 y(1)p 1993 5581 260 4 v 1993 5672 a Fj(\033)2048 |
| | 37456 | 5687 y Fl(nd)2131 5672 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))2296 5487 |
| | 37457 | y Fg(Z)2379 5513 y Fh(s=)p Fl(4)2342 5676 y Fh(sx)2415 |
| | 37458 | 5653 y Ff(2)2415 5701 y Fd(?)2467 5676 y Fh(=)p Fl(4)2592 |
| | 37459 | 5537 y Fw(d)p Fj(\033)p 2568 5581 163 4 v 2568 5672 a |
| | 37460 | Fw(d)p Fj(p)2671 5638 y Fl(2)2671 5698 y Fk(?)2757 5604 |
| | 37461 | y Fw(d)p Fj(p)2860 5563 y Fl(2)2860 5629 y Fk(?)3557 |
| | 37462 | 5604 y Fw(\(162\))1817 5953 y(218)p eop |
| | 37463 | %%Page: 219 225 |
| | 37464 | 219 224 bop 0 -18 a Fw(\(where)36 b(w)m(e)f(assume)g |
| | 37465 | Fj(F)14 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)976 -3 y Fk(?)1035 -18 y Fw(\))31 |
| | 37466 | b Fn(!)f(1)k Fw(for)g Fj(x)1574 -3 y Fk(?)1664 -18 y |
| | 37467 | Fn(!)d Fw(0\))j(and)g(its)g(in)m(v)m(erse)i Fj(F)2647 |
| | 37468 | -55 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2741 -18 y Fw(,)f(the)g(iterativ)m(e)f(pro)s |
| | 37469 | (cedure)0 90 y(to)e(generate)h(a)g(c)m(hain)f(of)g(scatterings)h(1)28 |
| | 37470 | b Fj(>)f(x)1683 105 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)1805 90 y Fj(>)h(x)1964 |
| | 37471 | 105 y Fk(?)p Fl(2)2086 90 y Fj(>)g Fn(\001)17 b(\001)g(\001)26 |
| | 37472 | b Fj(>)h(x)2492 105 y Fk(?)p Fh(i)2608 90 y Fw(is)33 |
| | 37473 | b(giv)m(en)f(b)m(y)1250 298 y Fj(x)1305 313 y Fk(?)p |
| | 37474 | Fh(i)1416 298 y Fw(=)c Fj(F)1597 257 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1691 |
| | 37475 | 298 y Fw(\()p Fj(F)14 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1899 313 y Fk(?)p |
| | 37476 | Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2072 298 y Fw(\))22 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 37477 | Fw(ln)16 b Fj(R)2404 313 y Fh(i)2432 298 y Fw(\))32 b |
| | 37478 | Fj(:)1028 b Fw(\(163\))0 506 y(Here)47 b(the)h Fj(R)501 |
| | 37479 | 521 y Fh(i)576 506 y Fw(are)f(random)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)h(ev)m(enly)h |
| | 37480 | (distributed)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(0)e(and)g(1.)86 b(The)47 |
| | 37481 | b(iterativ)m(e)0 614 y(c)m(hain)c(is)g(started)g(with)g(a)g |
| | 37482 | (\014ctitious)f Fj(x)1510 629 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)1650 614 |
| | 37483 | y Fw(=)k(1)d(and)g(is)g(terminated)f(when)i Fj(x)3002 |
| | 37484 | 629 y Fk(?)p Fh(i)3129 614 y Fw(is)e(smaller)f(than)0 |
| | 37485 | 722 y Fj(x)55 737 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)276 722 y Fw(=)i(2)p |
| | 37486 | Fj(p)493 737 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)669 722 y Fj(=E)790 737 |
| | 37487 | y Fl(cm)885 722 y Fw(.)71 b(Since)42 b Fj(F)56 b Fw(and)42 |
| | 37488 | b Fj(F)1642 686 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1778 722 y Fw(are)g(not)f(kno)m(wn)j |
| | 37489 | (analytically)-8 b(,)41 b(the)h(standard)h(v)m(eto)0 |
| | 37490 | 831 y(algorithm)e(is)j(used)i(to)e(generate)h(a)g(m)m(uc)m(h)g(denser)h |
| | 37491 | (set)f(of)f Fj(x)2358 846 y Fk(?)2462 831 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)48 |
| | 37492 | b(whereof)d(only)f(some)g(are)0 939 y(retained)26 b(in)f(the)i(end.)42 |
| | 37493 | b(In)27 b(addition)d(to)i(the)h Fj(p)1680 903 y Fl(2)1680 |
| | 37494 | 964 y Fk(?)1765 939 y Fw(of)f(an)g(in)m(teraction,)g(it)f(is)h(also)f |
| | 37495 | (necessary)k(to)d(generate)0 1048 y(the)33 b(other)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g |
| | 37496 | (and)g(kinematics)e(v)-5 b(ariables)32 b(according)g(to)g(the)h(relev) |
| | 37497 | -5 b(an)m(t)32 b(matrix)f(elemen)m(ts.)146 1156 y(Whereas)k(the)g |
| | 37498 | (ordinary)e(parton)h(distributions)e(should)i(b)s(e)g(used)h(for)f(the) |
| | 37499 | g(hardest)h(scattering,)0 1264 y(in)30 b(order)g(to)g(repro)s(duce)i |
| | 37500 | (standard)e(QCD)h(phenomenology)-8 b(,)30 b(the)h(parton)f |
| | 37501 | (distributions)f(to)h(b)s(e)g(used)0 1373 y(for)d(subsequen)m(t)j |
| | 37502 | (scatterings)e(m)m(ust)g(dep)s(end)g(on)g(all)d(preceding)j |
| | 37503 | Fj(x)g Fw(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(and)h(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h(c)m(hosen.)43 |
| | 37504 | b(W)-8 b(e)0 1481 y(do)28 b(not)h(kno)m(w)g(enough)g(ab)s(out)f(the)h |
| | 37505 | (hadron)f(w)m(a)m(v)m(e)j(function)d(to)g(write)g(do)m(wn)h(suc)m(h)h |
| | 37506 | (join)m(t)d(probabilit)m(y)0 1589 y(distributions.)41 |
| | 37507 | b(T)-8 b(o)29 b(tak)m(e)h(in)m(to)f(accoun)m(t)h(the)f(energy)h |
| | 37508 | (`already')f(used)i(in)d(harder)i(scatterings,)g(a)f(con-)0 |
| | 37509 | 1698 y(serv)-5 b(ativ)m(e)32 b(approac)m(h)f(is)g(to)g(ev)-5 |
| | 37510 | b(aluate)30 b(the)i(parton)f(distributions,)f(not)h(at)g |
| | 37511 | Fj(x)2837 1713 y Fh(i)2896 1698 y Fw(for)g(the)h Fj(i)p |
| | 37512 | Fw(:th)f(scattered)0 1806 y(parton)h(from)g(hadron,)g(but)h(at)f(the)h |
| | 37513 | (rescaled)g(v)-5 b(alue)1581 2044 y Fj(x)1636 2002 y |
| | 37514 | Fk(0)1636 2068 y Fh(i)1692 2044 y Fw(=)1926 1976 y Fj(x)1981 |
| | 37515 | 1991 y Fh(i)p 1806 2020 323 4 v 1806 2048 a Fg(P)1894 |
| | 37516 | 2074 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1894 2139 y Fh(j)t Fl(=1)2037 |
| | 37517 | 2114 y Fj(x)2092 2129 y Fh(j)2171 2044 y Fj(:)1359 b |
| | 37518 | Fw(\(164\))0 2329 y(This)33 b(is)g(our)g(standard)h(pro)s(cedure)h(in)d |
| | 37519 | (the)i(program;)e(w)m(e)j(ha)m(v)m(e)f(tried)f(a)g(few)h(alternativ)m |
| | 37520 | (es)f(without)0 2437 y(\014nding)f(an)m(y)h(signi\014can)m(tly)f |
| | 37521 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(b)s(eha)m(viour)f(in)g(the)h(\014nal)f(ph)m(ysics.) |
| | 37522 | 146 2546 y(In)38 b(a)e(fraction)g(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p |
| | 37523 | Fj(F)14 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1157 2561 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1334 |
| | 37524 | 2546 y Fw(\)\))37 b(of)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(studied,)g(there)f(will)d |
| | 37525 | (b)s(e)i(no)g(hard)g(scattering)0 2654 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)46 |
| | 37526 | b Fj(x)344 2669 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)566 2654 y Fw(when)h(the)e(iterativ)m |
| | 37527 | (e)g(pro)s(cedure)h(in)e(eq.)i(\(163\))f(is)f(applied.)81 |
| | 37528 | b(It)45 b(is)g(therefore)g(also)0 2762 y(necessary)40 |
| | 37529 | b(to)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)e(mo)s(del)e(for)i(what)g(happ)s(ens)h(in)f(ev)m |
| | 37530 | (en)m(ts)i(with)e(no)g(\(semi\)hard)f(in)m(teractions.)0 |
| | 37531 | 2871 y(The)46 b(simplest)d(p)s(ossible)h(w)m(a)m(y)i(to)f(pro)s(duce)g |
| | 37532 | (an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)e(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(an)e(exc)m(hange)j(of)d(a)g |
| | 37533 | (v)m(ery)j(soft)0 2979 y(gluon)41 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(the)e(t)m(w)m(o) |
| | 37534 | g(colliding)c(hadrons.)73 b(Without)42 b(\(initially\))c(a\013ecting)k |
| | 37535 | (the)h(momen)m(tum)0 3087 y(distribution)i(of)i(partons,)k(the)c |
| | 37536 | (`hadrons')h(b)s(ecome)f(colour)f(o)s(ctet)h(ob)5 b(jects)48 |
| | 37537 | b(rather)f(than)g(colour)0 3196 y(singlet)29 b(ones.)44 |
| | 37538 | b(If)31 b(only)f(v)-5 b(alence)31 b(quarks)g(are)g(considered,)h(the)f |
| | 37539 | (colour)f(o)s(ctet)g(state)i(of)e(a)g(bary)m(on)h(can)0 |
| | 37540 | 3304 y(b)s(e)e(decomp)s(osed)g(in)m(to)f(a)g(colour)g(triplet)f(quark)i |
| | 37541 | (and)g(an)f(an)m(titriplet)e(diquark.)43 b(In)28 b(a)h(bary)m(on-bary)m |
| | 37542 | (on)0 3412 y(collision,)g(one)i(w)m(ould)g(then)h(obtain)e(a)h(t)m(w)m |
| | 37543 | (o-string)g(picture,)h(with)f(eac)m(h)h(string)f(stretc)m(hed)i(from)d |
| | 37544 | (the)0 3521 y(quark)e(of)e(one)h(bary)m(on)g(to)g(the)g(diquark)g(of)f |
| | 37545 | (the)i(other.)41 b(A)27 b(bary)m(on-an)m(tibary)m(on)g(collision)d(w)m |
| | 37546 | (ould)j(giv)m(e)0 3629 y(one)32 b(string)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(a)e |
| | 37547 | (quark)g(and)g(an)g(an)m(tiquark)g(and)f(another)h(one)g(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 37548 | (een)i(a)e(diquark)g(and)g(an)0 3737 y(an)m(tidiquark.)146 |
| | 37549 | 3846 y(In)f(a)g(hard)f(in)m(teraction,)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f |
| | 37550 | (p)s(ossible)g(string)g(dra)m(wings)h(are)f(man)m(y)h(more,)f(and)h |
| | 37551 | (the)0 3954 y(o)m(v)m(erall)j(situation)f(can)j(b)s(ecome)f(quite)g |
| | 37552 | (complex)f(when)i(sev)m(eral)g(hard)f(scatterings)h(are)f(presen)m(t)h |
| | 37553 | (in)0 4062 y(an)25 b(ev)m(en)m(t.)43 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally)-8 |
| | 37554 | b(,)26 b(the)g(string)e(dra)m(wing)h(no)m(w)h(dep)s(ends)h(on)f(the)g |
| | 37555 | (relativ)m(e)e(colour)h(arrangemen)m(t,)0 4171 y(in)37 |
| | 37556 | b(eac)m(h)i(hadron)e(individually)-8 b(,)36 b(of)i(the)g(partons)g |
| | 37557 | (that)f(are)h(ab)s(out)f(to)h(scatter.)59 b(This)38 b(is)f(a)h(sub)5 |
| | 37558 | b(ject)0 4279 y(ab)s(out)25 b(whic)m(h)h(nothing)e(is)h(kno)m(wn.)42 |
| | 37559 | b(T)-8 b(o)25 b(mak)m(e)h(matters)e(w)m(orse,)29 b(the)c(standard)h |
| | 37560 | (string)e(fragmen)m(tation)0 4387 y(description)h(w)m(ould)g(ha)m(v)m |
| | 37561 | (e)h(to)f(b)s(e)g(extended,)k(to)c(handle)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(where)g(t)m |
| | 37562 | (w)m(o)f(or)e(more)h(v)-5 b(alence)25 b(quarks)0 4496 |
| | 37563 | y(ha)m(v)m(e)36 b(b)s(een)g(kic)m(k)m(ed)g(out)f(of)g(an)g(incoming)d |
| | 37564 | (hadron)j(b)m(y)h(separate)g(in)m(teractions.)50 b(In)35 |
| | 37565 | b(particular,)f(the)0 4604 y(p)s(osition)23 b(of)i(the)g(bary)m(on)h(n) |
| | 37566 | m(um)m(b)s(er)f(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(unclear.)41 b(W)-8 |
| | 37567 | b(e)26 b(therefore)f(here)h(assume)g(that,)g(follo)m(wing)0 |
| | 37568 | 4712 y(the)33 b(hardest)g(in)m(teraction,)f(all)e(subsequen)m(t)36 |
| | 37569 | b(in)m(teractions)c(b)s(elong)g(to)g(one)h(of)f(three)h(classes.)145 |
| | 37570 | 4826 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Scatterings)32 b(of)f(the)h(gg)d |
| | 37571 | Fn(!)e Fw(gg)33 b(t)m(yp)s(e,)g(with)e(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)f(gluons)f(in)h |
| | 37572 | (a)f(colour-singlet)f(state,)i(suc)m(h)244 4934 y(that)23 |
| | 37573 | b(a)h(double)f(string)g(is)g(stretc)m(hed)j(directly)d(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 37574 | (een)i(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(outgoing)d(gluons,)j(decoupled)244 |
| | 37575 | 5042 y(from)31 b(the)i(rest)g(of)g(the)g(system.)145 |
| | 37576 | 5160 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Scatterings)38 b(gg)f Fn(!)f Fw(gg)q(,)j(but)f |
| | 37577 | (colour)f(correlations)f(assumed)i(to)g(b)s(e)g(suc)m(h)h(that)e(eac)m |
| | 37578 | (h)i(of)e(the)244 5268 y(gluons)27 b(is)h(connected)h(to)f(one)g(of)f |
| | 37579 | (the)i(strings)e(`already')h(presen)m(t.)43 b(Among)27 |
| | 37580 | b(the)i(di\013eren)m(t)f(p)s(os-)244 5377 y(sibilities)h(of)j |
| | 37581 | (connecting)g(the)h(colours)f(of)g(the)h(gluons,)f(the)g(one)h(whic)m |
| | 37582 | (h)g(minimizes)c(the)k(total)244 5485 y(increase)k(in)f(string)g |
| | 37583 | (length)g(is)g(c)m(hosen.)57 b(This)37 b(is)f(in)g(con)m(trast)h(to)f |
| | 37584 | (the)h(previous)g(alternativ)m(e,)244 5593 y(whic)m(h)c(roughly)f |
| | 37585 | (corresp)s(onds)i(to)e(a)g(maximization)d(of)j(the)h(extra)g(string)f |
| | 37586 | (length.)1817 5953 y(219)p eop |
| | 37587 | %%Page: 220 226 |
| | 37588 | 220 225 bop 145 -18 a Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Scatterings)33 |
| | 37589 | b(gg)c Fn(!)e Fw(q)p 1054 -71 52 4 v(q)q(,)33 b(with)f(the)i(\014nal)e |
| | 37590 | (pair)f(again)h(in)g(a)g(colour-singlet)f(state,)i(suc)m(h)h(that)f(a) |
| | 37591 | 244 90 y(single)e(string)h(is)g(stretc)m(hed)j(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)e |
| | 37592 | (outgoing)e(q)i(and)p 2530 37 V 32 w(q)q(.)0 203 y(By)j(default,)f(the) |
| | 37593 | h(three)g(p)s(ossibilities)c(are)k(assumed)g(equally)e(probable.)51 |
| | 37594 | b(Note)36 b(that)f(the)h(total)d(jet)0 311 y(rate)i(is)f(main)m(tained) |
| | 37595 | f(at)i(its)f(nominal)e(v)-5 b(alue,)35 b(i.e.)50 b(scatterings)35 |
| | 37596 | b(suc)m(h)h(as)f(qg)e Fn(!)f Fw(qg)k(are)f(included)f(in)0 |
| | 37597 | 420 y(the)k(cross)h(section,)g(but)f(are)f(replaced)h(b)m(y)h(a)e |
| | 37598 | (mixture)g(of)g(gg)i(and)e(q)p 2614 367 V(q)i(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(for)d |
| | 37599 | (string)g(dra)m(wing)0 528 y(issues.)67 b(Only)40 b(the)g(hardest)h(in) |
| | 37600 | m(teraction)e(is)g(guaran)m(teed)i(to)f(giv)m(e)g(strings)g(coupled)g |
| | 37601 | (to)g(the)g(b)s(eam)0 636 y(remnan)m(ts.)65 b(One)40 |
| | 37602 | b(should)g(not)f(tak)m(e)i(this)e(approac)m(h)h(to)f(colour)g(\015o)m |
| | 37603 | (w)h(to)s(o)f(seriously)h(|)f(clearly)f(it)0 745 y(is)e(a)f |
| | 37604 | (simpli\014cation)e(|)i(but)h(the)h(o)m(v)m(erall)e(picture)h(do)s(es)g |
| | 37605 | (not)g(tend)h(to)f(b)s(e)g(v)m(ery)h(dep)s(enden)m(t)h(on)e(the)0 |
| | 37606 | 853 y(particular)31 b(c)m(hoice)i(y)m(ou)g(mak)m(e.)146 |
| | 37607 | 961 y(Since)25 b(a)g(gg)k Fn(!)e Fw(gg)f(or)f(q)p 1008 |
| | 37608 | 908 V(q)g(scattering)g(need)h(not)f(remain)f(that)g(if)g(initial-)d |
| | 37609 | (and)k(\014nal-state)f(sho)m(w)m(ers)0 1070 y(w)m(ere)40 |
| | 37610 | b(to)e(b)s(e)g(included,)i(radiation)c(is)i(only)f(included)h(for)g |
| | 37611 | (the)h(hardest)g(in)m(teraction.)60 b(In)38 b(practice,)0 |
| | 37612 | 1178 y(there)k(is)f(no)g(problem:)60 b(except)43 b(for)e(the)g(hardest) |
| | 37613 | h(in)m(teraction,)h(whic)m(h)f(can)f(b)s(e)h(hard)f(b)s(ecause)i(of)0 |
| | 37614 | 1286 y(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)35 b(trigger)h(conditions,)g(it)f(is)h(unlik) |
| | 37615 | m(ely)g(for)g(a)g(parton)g(scattering)g(to)g(b)s(e)h(so)f(hard)h(that)0 |
| | 37616 | 1395 y(radiation)30 b(pla)m(ys)j(a)f(signi\014can)m(t)g(r^)-49 |
| | 37617 | b(ole.)146 1503 y(In)29 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(with)e(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m |
| | 37618 | (teractions,)k(the)f(b)s(eam)g(remnan)m(t)g(treatmen)m(t)g(is)f(sligh)m |
| | 37619 | (tly)g(mo)s(di\014ed.)0 1611 y(First)39 b(the)i(hard)f(scattering)g(is) |
| | 37620 | g(generated,)j(with)d(its)g(asso)s(ciated)g(initial-)c(and)41 |
| | 37621 | b(\014nal-state)e(radia-)0 1720 y(tion,)d(and)f(next)i(an)m(y)f |
| | 37622 | (additional)d(m)m(ultiple)g(in)m(teractions.)53 b(Only)35 |
| | 37623 | b(thereafter)h(are)g(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m(ts)0 1828 y(attac)m(hed)26 |
| | 37624 | b(to)e(the)h(initator)e(partons)i(of)f(the)i(hardest)f(scattering,)h |
| | 37625 | (using)f(the)g(same)g(mac)m(hinery)g(as)g(b)s(e-)0 1936 |
| | 37626 | y(fore,)30 b(except)g(that)f(the)g(energy)h(and)f(momen)m(tum)e |
| | 37627 | (already)i(tak)m(en)h(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)g(from)e(the)h(b)s(eam)f(remnan)m |
| | 37628 | (ts)0 2045 y(also)k(include)g(that)g(of)g(the)h(subsequen)m(t)j(in)m |
| | 37629 | (teractions.)0 2293 y Fo(11.2.3)113 b(A)37 b(mo)s(del)f(with)g(v)-6 |
| | 37630 | b(arying)37 b(impact)f(parameters)0 2465 y Fw(Up)41 b(to)g(this)f(p)s |
| | 37631 | (oin)m(t,)i(it)e(has)h(b)s(een)h(assumed)f(that)g(the)g(initial)c |
| | 37632 | (state)k(is)g(the)g(same)f(for)h(all)d(hadron)0 2574 |
| | 37633 | y(collisions,)29 b(whereas)34 b(in)d(fact)h(eac)m(h)g(collision)d(also) |
| | 37634 | i(is)g(c)m(haracterized)i(b)m(y)g(a)e(v)-5 b(arying)32 |
| | 37635 | b(impact)e(param-)0 2682 y(eter)36 b Fj(b)p Fw(.)55 b(Within)34 |
| | 37636 | b(the)j(classical)d(framew)m(ork)i(of)f(this)h(pap)s(er,)h |
| | 37637 | Fj(b)f Fw(is)g(to)f(b)s(e)i(though)m(t)f(of)f(as)h(a)g(distance)0 |
| | 37638 | 2790 y(of)42 b(closest)g(approac)m(h,)j(not)d(as)h(the)f(F)-8 |
| | 37639 | b(ourier)41 b(transform)h(of)f(the)i(momen)m(tum)e(transfer.)73 |
| | 37640 | b(A)42 b(small)0 2899 y Fj(b)37 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(corresp)s(onds)h |
| | 37641 | (to)f(a)f(large)g(o)m(v)m(erlap)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 37642 | (colliding)c(hadrons,)k(and)f(hence)i(an)0 3007 y(enhanced)32 |
| | 37643 | b(probabilit)m(y)d(for)h(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(teractions.)42 |
| | 37644 | b(A)31 b(large)e Fj(b)p Fw(,)j(on)e(the)h(other)g(hand,)g(corresp)s |
| | 37645 | (onds)0 3115 y(to)36 b(a)g(grazing)g(collision,)e(with)j(a)f(large)f |
| | 37646 | (probabilit)m(y)g(that)h(no)h(parton{parton)e(in)m(teractions)h(at)h |
| | 37647 | (all)0 3224 y(tak)m(e)c(place.)146 3332 y(In)28 b(order)g(to)g(quan)m |
| | 37648 | (tify)f(the)i(concept)f(of)g(hadronic)f(matter)g(o)m(v)m(erlap,)i(one)f |
| | 37649 | (ma)m(y)f(assume)h(a)g(spheri-)0 3440 y(cally)22 b(symmetric)g |
| | 37650 | (distribution)f(of)h(matter)h(inside)f(the)h(hadron,)i |
| | 37651 | Fj(\032)p Fw(\()p Fo(x)p Fw(\))17 b(d)2651 3404 y Fl(3)2691 |
| | 37652 | 3440 y Fj(x)28 b Fw(=)f Fj(\032)p Fw(\()p Fj(r)s Fw(\))17 |
| | 37653 | b(d)3121 3404 y Fl(3)3161 3440 y Fj(x)p Fw(.)40 b(F)-8 |
| | 37654 | b(or)22 b(simplic-)0 3549 y(it)m(y)-8 b(,)39 b(the)f(same)f(spatial)f |
| | 37655 | (distribution)g(is)h(tak)m(en)i(to)e(apply)g(for)g(all)f(parton)h(sp)s |
| | 37656 | (ecies)i(and)f(momen)m(ta.)0 3657 y(Sev)m(eral)k(di\013eren)m(t)g |
| | 37657 | (matter)f(distributions)f(ha)m(v)m(e)k(b)s(een)e(tried,)i(and)e(are)f |
| | 37658 | (a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)69 b(W)-8 b(e)42 b(will)e(here)0 |
| | 37659 | 3765 y(concen)m(trate)34 b(on)e(the)h(most)f(extreme)i(one,)f(a)f |
| | 37660 | (double)g(Gaussian)937 4042 y Fj(\032)p Fw(\()p Fj(r)s |
| | 37661 | Fw(\))c Fn(/)1253 3975 y Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(\014)p |
| | 37662 | 1253 4019 232 4 v 1323 4110 a(a)1374 4076 y Fl(3)1374 |
| | 37663 | 4132 y(1)1527 4042 y Fw(exp)1693 3896 y Fg(\()1760 4042 |
| | 37664 | y Fn(\000)1849 3975 y Fj(r)1896 3938 y Fl(2)p 1847 4019 |
| | 37665 | 91 4 v 1847 4110 a Fj(a)1898 4076 y Fl(2)1898 4132 y(1)1948 |
| | 37666 | 3896 y Fg(\))2037 4042 y Fw(+)2160 3975 y Fj(\014)p 2145 |
| | 37667 | 4019 V 2145 4110 a(a)2196 4076 y Fl(3)2196 4132 y(2)2279 |
| | 37668 | 4042 y Fw(exp)2444 3896 y Fg(\()2511 4042 y Fn(\000)2600 |
| | 37669 | 3975 y Fj(r)2647 3938 y Fl(2)p 2598 4019 V 2598 4110 |
| | 37670 | a Fj(a)2649 4076 y Fl(2)2649 4132 y(2)2699 3896 y Fg(\))2815 |
| | 37671 | 4042 y Fj(:)715 b Fw(\(165\))0 4319 y(This)30 b(corresp)s(onds)i(to)e |
| | 37672 | (a)g(distribution)e(with)i(a)g(small)e(core)i(region,)g(of)g(radius)g |
| | 37673 | Fj(a)3002 4334 y Fl(2)3072 4319 y Fw(and)g(con)m(taining)f(a)0 |
| | 37674 | 4427 y(fraction)h Fj(\014)38 b Fw(of)31 b(the)h(total)e(hadronic)h |
| | 37675 | (matter,)g(em)m(b)s(edded)h(in)f(a)h(larger)e(hadron)h(of)h(radius)f |
| | 37676 | Fj(a)3418 4442 y Fl(1)3457 4427 y Fw(.)44 b(While)0 4535 |
| | 37677 | y(it)37 b(is)h(mathematically)d(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)40 |
| | 37678 | b(to)f(ha)m(v)m(e)g(the)g(origin)e(of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)i(Gaussians)e |
| | 37679 | (coinciding,)g(the)0 4644 y(ph)m(ysics)29 b(could)f(w)m(ell)f(corresp)s |
| | 37680 | (ond)i(to)e(ha)m(ving)h(three)h(disjoin)m(t)d(core)i(regions,)h |
| | 37681 | (re\015ecting)f(the)g(presence)0 4752 y(of)34 b(three)i(v)-5 |
| | 37682 | b(alence)35 b(quarks,)h(together)f(carrying)g(the)g(fraction)e |
| | 37683 | Fj(\014)41 b Fw(of)34 b(the)h(proton)g(momen)m(tum.)48 |
| | 37684 | b(One)0 4861 y(could)26 b(alternativ)m(ely)e(imagine)g(a)i(hard)g |
| | 37685 | (hadronic)f(core)i(surrounded)g(b)m(y)g(a)f(pion)f(cloud.)41 |
| | 37686 | b(Suc)m(h)28 b(details)0 4969 y(w)m(ould)j(a\013ect)g(e.g.)43 |
| | 37687 | b(the)31 b(predictions)g(for)f(the)h Fj(t)g Fw(distribution)e(in)h |
| | 37688 | (elastic)g(scattering,)h(but)g(are)g(not)g(of)0 5077 |
| | 37689 | y(an)m(y)e(consequence)h(for)e(the)g(curren)m(t)h(topics.)42 |
| | 37690 | b(T)-8 b(o)28 b(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci\014c,)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)27 |
| | 37691 | b Fj(\014)34 b Fw(=)27 b(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(5)h(and)g Fj(a)3345 |
| | 37692 | 5092 y Fl(2)3384 5077 y Fj(=a)3484 5092 y Fl(1)3551 5077 |
| | 37693 | y Fw(=)g(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(2)0 5186 y(ha)m(v)m(e)44 b(b)s(een)f(pic)m(k)m |
| | 37694 | (ed)g(as)g(default)f(v)-5 b(alues.)72 b(It)43 b(should)f(b)s(e)h(noted) |
| | 37695 | f(that)h(the)f(o)m(v)m(erall)g(distance)g(scale)0 5294 |
| | 37696 | y Fj(a)51 5309 y Fl(1)132 5294 y Fw(nev)m(er)h(en)m(ters)g(in)e(the)h |
| | 37697 | (subsequen)m(t)i(calculations,)e(since)g(the)g(inelastic,)g |
| | 37698 | (non-di\013ractiv)m(e)f(cross)0 5402 y(section)33 b Fj(\033)381 |
| | 37699 | 5417 y Fl(nd)464 5402 y Fw(\()p Fj(s)p Fw(\))f(is)g(tak)m(en)i(from)d |
| | 37700 | (literature)g(rather)i(than)f(calculated)g(from)f(the)i |
| | 37701 | Fj(\032)p Fw(\()p Fj(r)s Fw(\).)146 5511 y(Compared)f(to)f(other)h |
| | 37702 | (shap)s(es,)h(lik)m(e)e(a)g(simple)f(Gaussian,)i(the)g(double)f |
| | 37703 | (Gaussian)g(tends)i(to)f(giv)m(e)0 5619 y(larger)23 b(\015uctuations,)j |
| | 37704 | (e.g.)41 b(in)24 b(the)h(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)20 b(distribution)j(of)h |
| | 37705 | (minim)m(um)d(bias)j(ev)m(en)m(ts:)41 b(a)25 b(collision)1817 |
| | 37706 | 5953 y(220)p eop |
| | 37707 | %%Page: 221 227 |
| | 37708 | 221 226 bop 0 -18 a Fw(in)23 b(whic)m(h)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(cores)f(o)m |
| | 37709 | (v)m(erlap)g(tends)h(to)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)e(strongly)h(increased)g |
| | 37710 | (activit)m(y)-8 b(,)25 b(while)e(ones)h(where)0 90 y(they)33 |
| | 37711 | b(do)f(not)f(are)h(rather)g(less)g(activ)m(e.)44 b(One)32 |
| | 37712 | b(also)f(has)h(a)g(biasing)e(e\013ect:)44 b(hard)32 b(pro)s(cesses)i |
| | 37713 | (are)e(more)0 198 y(lik)m(ely)46 b(when)i(the)g(cores)g(o)m(v)m(erlap,) |
| | 37714 | j(th)m(us)d(hard)f(scatterings)g(are)g(asso)s(ciated)g(with)g(an)g |
| | 37715 | (enhanced)0 307 y(m)m(ultiple)40 b(in)m(teraction)h(rate.)74 |
| | 37716 | b(This)42 b(pro)m(vides)i(one)e(p)s(ossible)g(explanation)g(for)g(the)g |
| | 37717 | (exp)s(erimen)m(tal)0 415 y(`p)s(edestal)33 b(e\013ect'.)146 |
| | 37718 | 523 y(F)-8 b(or)28 b(a)g(collision)e(with)i(impact)f(parameter)h |
| | 37719 | Fj(b)p Fw(,)i(the)f(time-in)m(tegrated)d(o)m(v)m(erlap)j |
| | 37720 | Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)0 |
| | 37721 | 632 y(matter)h(distributions)f(of)h(the)h(colliding)c(hadrons)k(is)f |
| | 37722 | (giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)371 862 y Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))28 |
| | 37723 | b Fn(/)703 745 y Fg(Z)803 862 y Fw(d)p Fj(t)909 745 y |
| | 37724 | Fg(Z)1008 862 y Fw(d)1062 821 y Fl(3)1102 862 y Fj(x)17 |
| | 37725 | b(\032)p Fw(\()p Fj(x;)g(y)t(;)g(z)t Fw(\))g Fj(\032)p |
| | 37726 | Fw(\()p Fj(x)22 b Fw(+)g Fj(b;)17 b(y)t(;)g(z)26 b Fw(+)c |
| | 37727 | Fj(t)p Fw(\))371 1112 y Fn(/)486 1045 y Fw(\(1)g Fn(\000)g |
| | 37728 | Fj(\014)6 b Fw(\))793 1009 y Fl(2)p 486 1089 347 4 v |
| | 37729 | 589 1181 a Fw(2)p Fj(a)689 1146 y Fl(2)689 1202 y(1)859 |
| | 37730 | 1112 y Fw(exp)1024 966 y Fg(\()1091 1112 y Fn(\000)1208 |
| | 37731 | 1045 y Fj(b)1249 1009 y Fl(2)p 1178 1089 140 4 v 1178 |
| | 37732 | 1181 a Fw(2)p Fj(a)1278 1146 y Fl(2)1278 1202 y(1)1328 |
| | 37733 | 966 y Fg(\))1417 1112 y Fw(+)1525 1045 y(2)p Fj(\014)g |
| | 37734 | Fw(\(1)21 b Fn(\000)i Fj(\014)6 b Fw(\))p 1525 1089 417 |
| | 37735 | 4 v 1583 1181 a Fj(a)1634 1146 y Fl(2)1634 1202 y(1)1695 |
| | 37736 | 1181 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(a)1844 1146 y Fl(2)1844 1202 y(2)1968 |
| | 37737 | 1112 y Fw(exp)2134 966 y Fg(\()2201 1112 y Fn(\000)2398 |
| | 37738 | 1045 y Fj(b)2439 1009 y Fl(2)p 2288 1089 302 4 v 2288 |
| | 37739 | 1181 a Fj(a)2339 1146 y Fl(2)2339 1202 y(1)2401 1181 |
| | 37740 | y Fw(+)g Fj(a)2550 1146 y Fl(2)2550 1202 y(2)2599 966 |
| | 37741 | y Fg(\))2688 1112 y Fw(+)2816 1045 y Fj(\014)2877 1009 |
| | 37742 | y Fl(2)p 2796 1089 140 4 v 2796 1181 a Fw(2)p Fj(a)2896 |
| | 37743 | 1146 y Fl(2)2896 1202 y(2)2962 1112 y Fw(exp)3128 966 |
| | 37744 | y Fg(\()3195 1112 y Fn(\000)3312 1045 y Fj(b)3353 1009 |
| | 37745 | y Fl(2)p 3282 1089 V 3282 1181 a Fw(2)p Fj(a)3382 1146 |
| | 37746 | y Fl(2)3382 1202 y(2)3432 966 y Fg(\))3548 1112 y Fj(:)-18 |
| | 37747 | b Fw(\(166\))0 1381 y(The)30 b(necessit)m(y)g(to)f(use)g(b)s(o)s(osted) |
| | 37748 | g Fj(\032)p Fw(\()p Fo(x)p Fw(\))g(distributions)f(has)h(b)s(een)g |
| | 37749 | (circum)m(v)m(en)m(ted)i(b)m(y)e(a)g(suitable)e(scale)0 |
| | 37750 | 1489 y(transformation)j(of)j(the)g Fj(z)k Fw(and)32 b |
| | 37751 | Fj(t)h Fw(co)s(ordinates.)146 1597 y(The)23 b(o)m(v)m(erlap)f |
| | 37752 | Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))h(is)e(ob)m(viously)h(strongly)g(related)g |
| | 37753 | (to)f(the)i(eik)m(onal)e(\012\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))h(of)g(optical)e(mo)s |
| | 37754 | (dels.)39 b(W)-8 b(e)0 1706 y(ha)m(v)m(e)23 b(k)m(ept)h(a)d(separate)i |
| | 37755 | (notation,)g(since)f(the)h(ph)m(ysics)g(con)m(text)h(of)d(the)i(t)m(w)m |
| | 37756 | (o)f(is)g(sligh)m(tly)e(di\013eren)m(t:)39 b(\012\()p |
| | 37757 | Fj(b)p Fw(\))0 1814 y(is)d(based)i(on)e(the)h(quan)m(tum)g(mec)m |
| | 37758 | (hanical)e(scattering)h(of)g(w)m(a)m(v)m(es)j(in)d(a)g(p)s(oten)m |
| | 37759 | (tial,)g(and)h(is)f(normally)0 1922 y(used)i(to)f(describ)s(e)h(the)g |
| | 37760 | (elastic)e(scattering)h(of)g(a)g(hadron-as-a-whole,)g(while)g |
| | 37761 | Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))g(comes)h(from)e(a)0 2031 |
| | 37762 | y(purely)c(classical)f(picture)h(of)f(p)s(oin)m(t-lik)m(e)f(partons)i |
| | 37763 | (distributed)g(inside)f(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)f(colliding)d(hadrons.)0 |
| | 37764 | 2139 y(F)-8 b(urthermore,)35 b(the)g(normalization)c(and)k(energy)h |
| | 37765 | (dep)s(endence)h(is)d(di\013eren)m(tly)h(realized)f(in)g(the)h(t)m(w)m |
| | 37766 | (o)0 2247 y(formalisms.)146 2356 y(The)24 b(larger)e(the)h(o)m(v)m |
| | 37767 | (erlap)g Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))h(is,)g(the)g(more)e(lik)m(ely)g |
| | 37768 | (it)g(is)g(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(in)m(teractions)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j |
| | 37769 | (partons)0 2464 y(in)32 b(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(colliding)c(hadrons.)44 |
| | 37770 | b(In)33 b(fact,)g(there)g(should)f(b)s(e)h(a)f(linear)f(relationship) |
| | 37771 | 1541 2658 y Fn(h)5 b Fw(~)-54 b Fj(n)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p |
| | 37772 | Fw(\))p Fn(i)28 b Fw(=)f Fj(k)s Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p |
| | 37773 | Fw(\))33 b Fj(;)1319 b Fw(\(167\))0 2852 y(where)53 b(~)-54 |
| | 37774 | b Fj(n)52 b Fw(=)g(0)p Fj(;)17 b Fw(1)p Fj(;)g Fw(2)p |
| | 37775 | Fj(;)g(:)g(:)g(:)45 b Fw(coun)m(ts)j(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)f(in)m |
| | 37776 | (teractions)h(when)h(t)m(w)m(o)f(hadrons)h(pass)g(eac)m(h)0 |
| | 37777 | 2961 y(other)37 b(with)g(an)g(impact)e(parameter)i Fj(b)p |
| | 37778 | Fw(.)57 b(The)38 b(constan)m(t)g(of)f(prop)s(ortionalit)m(y)-8 |
| | 37779 | b(,)35 b Fj(k)s Fw(,)j(is)f(related)f(to)h(the)0 3069 |
| | 37780 | y(parton{parton)32 b(cross)h(section)g(and)g(hence)h(increases)f(with)g |
| | 37781 | (c.m.)43 b(energy)-8 b(.)146 3177 y(F)g(or)40 b(eac)m(h)i(giv)m(en)f |
| | 37782 | (impact)e(parameter,)k(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(in)m(teractions)f |
| | 37783 | (is)g(assumed)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(dis-)0 3286 y(tributed)29 |
| | 37784 | b(according)f(to)g(a)h(P)m(oissonian.)42 b(If)29 b(the)g(matter)f |
| | 37785 | (distribution)f(has)i(a)g(tail)d(to)j(in\014nit)m(y)f(\(as)h(the)0 |
| | 37786 | 3394 y(double)35 b(Gaussian)g(do)s(es\),)i(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(ma)m(y)d(b)s |
| | 37787 | (e)h(obtained)e(with)i(arbitrarily)c(large)j Fj(b)g Fw(v)-5 |
| | 37788 | b(alues.)53 b(In)35 b(order)0 3503 y(to)41 b(obtain)f(\014nite)h(total) |
| | 37789 | e(cross)j(sections,)i(it)c(is)h(necessary)i(to)e(assume)h(that)e(eac)m |
| | 37790 | (h)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(con)m(tains)0 3611 y(at)32 b(least)g(one)h |
| | 37791 | (semi-hard)e(in)m(teraction.)43 b(The)33 b(probabilit)m(y)e(that)h(t)m |
| | 37792 | (w)m(o)h(hadrons,)g(passing)g(eac)m(h)g(other)0 3719 |
| | 37793 | y(with)f(an)h(impact)e(parameter)h Fj(b)p Fw(,)h(will)d(actually)i |
| | 37794 | (undergo)g(a)h(collision)c(is)j(then)i(giv)m(en)e(b)m(y)865 |
| | 37795 | 3913 y Fn(P)934 3928 y Fl(in)n(t)1023 3913 y Fw(\()p |
| | 37796 | Fj(b)p Fw(\))c(=)f(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fw(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000h)5 |
| | 37797 | b Fw(~)-54 b Fj(n)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))p Fn(i)p Fw(\))28 |
| | 37798 | b(=)f(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fw(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p Fj(k)s |
| | 37799 | Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\)\))33 b Fj(;)643 b Fw(\(168\))0 |
| | 37800 | 4108 y(according)24 b(to)g(P)m(oissonian)g(statistics.)40 |
| | 37801 | b(The)26 b(a)m(v)m(erage)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(in)m(teractions)g(p)s |
| | 37802 | (er)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(at)d(impact)0 4216 y(parameter)32 |
| | 37803 | b Fj(b)h Fw(is)f(no)m(w)1082 4386 y Fn(h)p Fj(n)p Fw(\()p |
| | 37804 | Fj(b)p Fw(\))p Fn(i)27 b Fw(=)1487 4318 y Fn(h)5 b Fw(~)-54 |
| | 37805 | b Fj(n)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))p Fn(i)p 1476 4362 276 |
| | 37806 | 4 v 1476 4454 a(P)1545 4469 y Fl(in)n(t)1634 4454 y Fw(\()p |
| | 37807 | Fj(b)p Fw(\))1788 4386 y(=)2138 4318 y Fj(k)s Fn(O)s |
| | 37808 | Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))p 1902 4362 727 4 v 1902 4454 a(1)22 |
| | 37809 | b Fn(\000)h Fw(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p Fj(k)s Fn(O)s Fw(\()p |
| | 37810 | Fj(b)p Fw(\)\))2671 4386 y Fj(;)859 b Fw(\(169\))0 4604 |
| | 37811 | y(where)36 b(the)f(denominator)d(comes)j(from)e(the)i(remo)m(v)-5 |
| | 37812 | b(al)33 b(of)h(hadron)h(pairs)f(whic)m(h)g(pass)i(without)e(col-)0 |
| | 37813 | 4713 y(liding,)c(i.e.)43 b(with)37 b(~)-54 b Fj(n)28 |
| | 37814 | b Fw(=)g(0.)146 4821 y(The)33 b(relationship)d Fn(h)p |
| | 37815 | Fj(n)p Fn(i)e Fw(=)f Fj(\033)1199 4836 y Fl(hard)1345 |
| | 37816 | 4821 y Fj(=\033)1449 4836 y Fl(nd)1564 4821 y Fw(w)m(as)33 |
| | 37817 | b(earlier)d(in)m(tro)s(duced)j(for)e(the)i(a)m(v)m(erage)g(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 37818 | (er)f(of)g(in-)0 4929 y(teractions)27 b(p)s(er)h(non-di\013ractiv)m(e,) |
| | 37819 | f(inelastic)f(ev)m(en)m(t.)43 b(When)28 b(a)m(v)m(eraged)h(o)m(v)m(er)f |
| | 37820 | (all)e(impact)f(parameters,)0 5038 y(this)h(relation)f(m)m(ust)i(still) |
| | 37821 | d(hold)i(true:)41 b(the)27 b(in)m(tro)s(duction)f(of)g(v)-5 |
| | 37822 | b(ariable)25 b(impact)g(parameters)i(ma)m(y)g(giv)m(e)0 |
| | 37823 | 5146 y(more)33 b(in)m(teractions)g(in)g(some)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(and)e |
| | 37824 | (less)g(in)f(others,)i(but)f(it)f(do)s(es)h(not)g(a\013ect)g(either)f |
| | 37825 | Fj(\033)3513 5161 y Fl(hard)3693 5146 y Fw(or)0 5255 |
| | 37826 | y Fj(\033)55 5270 y Fl(nd)138 5255 y Fw(.)63 b(F)-8 b(or)38 |
| | 37827 | b(the)i(former)e(this)h(is)f(b)s(ecause)j(the)e(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)h |
| | 37828 | (QCD)f(calculations)e(only)h(dep)s(end)j(on)0 5363 y(the)29 |
| | 37829 | b(total)d(parton)i(\015ux,)i(for)e(the)g(latter)f(b)m(y)j |
| | 37830 | (construction.)42 b(In)m(tegrating)27 b(eq.)i(\(169\))f(o)m(v)m(er)h |
| | 37831 | Fj(b)p Fw(,)g(one)g(then)0 5471 y(obtains)568 5626 y |
| | 37832 | Fn(h)p Fj(n)p Fn(i)e Fw(=)845 5487 y Fg(R)900 5558 y |
| | 37833 | Fn(h)p Fj(n)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))p Fn(i)17 b(P)1239 |
| | 37834 | 5573 y Fl(in)n(t)1327 5558 y Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))g(d)1515 |
| | 37835 | 5522 y Fl(2)1555 5558 y Fj(b)p 845 5603 752 4 v 971 5623 |
| | 37836 | a Fg(R)1043 5694 y Fn(P)1112 5709 y Fl(in)n(t)1201 5694 |
| | 37837 | y Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))g(d)1389 5665 y Fl(2)1428 5694 |
| | 37838 | y Fj(b)1634 5626 y Fw(=)2030 5487 y Fg(R)2102 5558 y |
| | 37839 | Fj(k)s Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))g(d)2426 5522 y Fl(2)2466 |
| | 37840 | 5558 y Fj(b)p 1748 5603 1043 4 v 1748 5623 a Fg(R)1820 |
| | 37841 | 5694 y Fw(\(1)k Fn(\000)i Fw(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p Fj(k)s |
| | 37842 | Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\)\)\))34 b(d)2709 5665 y Fl(2)2749 |
| | 37843 | 5694 y Fj(b)2828 5626 y Fw(=)2941 5558 y Fj(\033)2996 |
| | 37844 | 5573 y Fl(hard)p 2941 5603 201 4 v 2973 5694 a Fj(\033)3028 |
| | 37845 | 5709 y Fl(nd)3185 5626 y Fj(:)345 b Fw(\(170\))1817 5953 |
| | 37846 | y(221)p eop |
| | 37847 | %%Page: 222 228 |
| | 37848 | 222 227 bop 0 -18 a Fw(F)-8 b(or)35 b Fn(O)s Fw(\()p |
| | 37849 | Fj(b)p Fw(\),)i Fj(\033)496 -3 y Fl(hard)677 -18 y Fw(and)f |
| | 37850 | Fj(\033)925 -3 y Fl(nd)1044 -18 y Fw(giv)m(en,)g(with)g |
| | 37851 | Fj(\033)1610 -3 y Fl(hard)1755 -18 y Fj(=\033)1859 -3 |
| | 37852 | y Fl(nd)1975 -18 y Fj(>)d Fw(1,)j Fj(k)j Fw(can)d(th)m(us)h(alw)m(a)m |
| | 37853 | (ys)f(b)s(e)g(found)g(\(n)m(umeri-)0 90 y(cally\))31 |
| | 37854 | b(b)m(y)j(solving)d(the)i(last)f(equalit)m(y)-8 b(.)146 |
| | 37855 | 198 y(The)40 b(absolute)f(normalization)c(of)j Fn(O)s |
| | 37856 | Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))h(is)f(not)h(in)m(teresting)f(in)g(itself,)i(but)f |
| | 37857 | (only)f(the)h(relativ)m(e)0 307 y(v)-5 b(ariation)42 |
| | 37858 | b(with)i(impact)f(parameter.)79 b(It)45 b(is)f(therefore)h(useful)g(to) |
| | 37859 | f(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(an)h(`enhancemen)m(t)0 415 y(factor')j |
| | 37860 | Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\),)54 b(whic)m(h)49 b(gauges)g(ho)m(w)h(the)f |
| | 37861 | (in)m(teraction)e(probabilit)m(y)g(for)h(a)h(passage)g(with)g(impact)0 |
| | 37862 | 523 y(parameter)32 b Fj(b)h Fw(compares)g(with)f(the)h(a)m(v)m(erage,)h |
| | 37863 | (i.e.)1220 731 y Fn(h)5 b Fw(~)-54 b Fj(n)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p |
| | 37864 | Fw(\))p Fn(i)28 b Fw(=)g Fj(k)s Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p |
| | 37865 | Fw(\))g(=)f Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))17 b Fn(h)p Fj(k)s |
| | 37866 | Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))p Fn(i)33 b Fj(:)998 b Fw(\(171\))0 |
| | 37867 | 939 y(The)32 b(de\014nition)f(of)g(the)h(a)m(v)m(erage)g |
| | 37868 | Fn(h)p Fj(k)s Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))p Fn(i)g Fw(is)f(a)g(bit)g |
| | 37869 | (delicate,)g(since)h(the)g(a)m(v)m(erage)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(in)m |
| | 37870 | (ter-)0 1048 y(actions)37 b(p)s(er)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)d(pushed)j(up)e |
| | 37871 | (b)m(y)h(the)f(requiremen)m(t)g(that)g(eac)m(h)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(con)m |
| | 37872 | (tain)d(at)h(least)f(one)0 1156 y(in)m(teraction.)42 |
| | 37873 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)35 b(an)e(exact)g(meaning)e(can)i(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en) |
| | 37874 | g([Sj\177)-49 b(o87a)o(].)146 1264 y(With)32 b(the)h(kno)m(wledge)h(of) |
| | 37875 | e Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\),)h(the)g Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 37876 | Fj(x)1691 1279 y Fk(?)1750 1264 y Fw(\))33 b(function)f(of)g(the)h |
| | 37877 | (simple)e(mo)s(del)g(generalizes)h(to)1413 1472 y Fj(f)11 |
| | 37878 | b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1565 1487 y Fk(?)1624 1472 y Fj(;)17 b(b)p |
| | 37879 | Fw(\))28 b(=)g Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))17 b Fj(f)11 |
| | 37880 | b Fw(\()p Fj(x)2210 1487 y Fk(?)2269 1472 y Fw(\))32 |
| | 37881 | b Fj(:)1191 b Fw(\(172\))0 1680 y(The)33 b(na)-11 b(\177)-38 |
| | 37882 | b(\020v)m(e)31 b(generation)g(pro)s(cedure)i(is)e(th)m(us)i(to)e(pic)m |
| | 37883 | (k)h(a)g Fj(b)g Fw(according)f(to)g(the)i(phase)f(space)h(d)3477 |
| | 37884 | 1644 y Fl(2)3517 1680 y Fj(b)p Fw(,)f(\014nd)0 1788 y(the)g(relev)-5 |
| | 37885 | b(an)m(t)32 b Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))g(and)g(plug)f(in)g(the)i |
| | 37886 | (resulting)d Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1967 1803 y Fk(?)2027 |
| | 37887 | 1788 y Fj(;)17 b(b)p Fw(\))31 b(in)h(the)g(formalism)c(of)j(the)i |
| | 37888 | (simple)d(mo)s(del.)0 1897 y(If)37 b(at)f(least)h(one)g(hard)g(in)m |
| | 37889 | (teraction)f(is)g(generated,)j(the)e(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)e(retained,)g |
| | 37890 | (else)h(a)e(new)i Fj(b)f Fw(is)g(to)f(b)s(e)0 2005 y(found.)68 |
| | 37891 | b(This)41 b(algorithm)c(w)m(ould)k(w)m(ork)h(\014ne)f(for)f(hadronic)g |
| | 37892 | (matter)g(distributions)f(whic)m(h)j(v)-5 b(anish)0 2114 |
| | 37893 | y(outside)29 b(some)g(radius,)g(so)h(that)e(the)i(d)1434 |
| | 37894 | 2077 y Fl(2)1474 2114 y Fj(b)f Fw(phase)h(space)g(whic)m(h)g(needs)g |
| | 37895 | (to)f(b)s(e)g(prob)s(ed)h(is)e(\014nite.)42 b(Since)0 |
| | 37896 | 2222 y(this)32 b(is)g(not)h(true)g(for)f(the)h(distributions)e(under)i |
| | 37897 | (study)-8 b(,)34 b(it)e(is)g(necessary)j(to)d(do)g(b)s(etter.)146 |
| | 37898 | 2330 y(By)43 b(analogy)d(with)i(eq.)g(\(160\),)i(it)c(is)i(p)s(ossible) |
| | 37899 | f(to)g(ask)i(what)f(the)g(probabilit)m(y)e(is)h(to)h(\014nd)g(the)0 |
| | 37900 | 2439 y(hardest)35 b(scattering)f(of)g(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(at)e |
| | 37901 | Fj(x)1486 2454 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)1581 2439 y Fw(.)48 b(F)-8 |
| | 37902 | b(or)34 b(eac)m(h)h(impact)e(parameter)g(separately)-8 |
| | 37903 | b(,)35 b(the)g(proba-)0 2547 y(bilit)m(y)30 b(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(an)e |
| | 37904 | (in)m(teraction)f(at)h Fj(x)1392 2562 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)1519 |
| | 37905 | 2547 y Fw(is)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)i Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)2156 |
| | 37906 | 2562 y Fk(?)2215 2547 y Fj(;)17 b(b)p Fw(\),)32 b(and)f(this)g(should)h |
| | 37907 | (b)s(e)f(m)m(ultiplied)e(b)m(y)0 2655 y(the)36 b(probabilit)m(y)d(that) |
| | 37908 | i(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(con)m(tains)f(no)f(in)m(teractions)g(at)g(a)g |
| | 37909 | (scale)g Fj(x)2870 2619 y Fk(0)2870 2680 y(?)2962 2655 |
| | 37910 | y Fj(>)e(x)3126 2670 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)3220 2655 y Fw(,)j(to)f(yield)g(the) |
| | 37911 | 0 2764 y(total)c(probabilit)m(y)g(distribution)719 2960 |
| | 37912 | y(d)p Fn(P)842 2975 y Fl(hardest)p 719 3004 356 4 v 719 |
| | 37913 | 3096 a Fw(d)773 3067 y Fl(2)813 3096 y Fj(b)17 b Fw(d)p |
| | 37914 | Fj(x)980 3111 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)1168 3027 y Fw(=)83 b Fj(f)11 |
| | 37915 | b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1479 3042 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)1573 3027 y Fj(;)17 |
| | 37916 | b(b)p Fw(\))34 b(exp)1895 2906 y Fg(\032)1958 3027 y |
| | 37917 | Fn(\000)2052 2910 y Fg(Z)2135 2937 y Fl(1)2098 3099 y |
| | 37918 | Fh(x)2138 3111 y Fd(?)p Ff(1)2241 3027 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 37919 | Fj(x)2393 2986 y Fk(0)2393 3052 y(?)2452 3027 y Fj(;)17 |
| | 37920 | b(b)p Fw(\))g(d)p Fj(x)2701 2986 y Fk(0)2701 3052 y(?)2760 |
| | 37921 | 2906 y Fg(\033)1168 3278 y Fw(=)83 b Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p |
| | 37922 | Fw(\))17 b Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1658 3293 y Fk(?)p |
| | 37923 | Fl(1)1752 3278 y Fw(\))34 b(exp)1989 3156 y Fg(\032)2052 |
| | 37924 | 3278 y Fn(\000)p Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))2308 3160 |
| | 37925 | y Fg(Z)2391 3187 y Fl(1)2354 3349 y Fh(x)2394 3361 y |
| | 37926 | Fd(?)p Ff(1)2497 3278 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)2649 3236 |
| | 37927 | y Fk(0)2649 3302 y(?)2708 3278 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(x)2872 |
| | 37928 | 3236 y Fk(0)2872 3302 y(?)2932 3156 y Fg(\033)3043 3278 |
| | 37929 | y Fj(:)487 b Fw(\(173\))0 3538 y(If)28 b(the)g(treatmen)m(t)g(of)f(the) |
| | 37930 | h(exp)s(onen)m(tial)f(is)g(deferred)i(for)e(a)h(momen)m(t,)g(the)g |
| | 37931 | (distribution)e(in)h Fj(b)h Fw(and)g Fj(x)3685 3553 y |
| | 37932 | Fk(?)p Fl(1)0 3646 y Fw(app)s(ears)39 b(in)e(factorized)h(form,)h(so)f |
| | 37933 | (that)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(can)g(b)s(e)f(c)m(hosen)i(indep)s(enden)m |
| | 37934 | (tly)f(of)f(eac)m(h)h(other.)0 3755 y(In)45 b(particular,)h(a)e(high-)p |
| | 37935 | Fj(p)986 3770 y Fk(?)1089 3755 y Fw(QCD)g(scattering)g(or)h(an)m(y)g |
| | 37936 | (other)g(hard)f(scattering)h(can)g(b)s(e)f(selected)0 |
| | 37937 | 3863 y(with)32 b(whatev)m(er)i(kinematics)d(desired)i(for)f(that)g(pro) |
| | 37938 | s(cess,)i(and)f(thereafter)g(assigned)f(some)g(suitable)0 |
| | 37939 | 3971 y(`hardness')26 b Fj(x)503 3986 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)598 |
| | 37940 | 3971 y Fw(.)40 b(With)24 b(the)g Fj(b)g Fw(c)m(hosen)i(according)d(to)h |
| | 37941 | Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))17 b(d)2211 3935 y Fl(2)2251 |
| | 37942 | 3971 y Fj(b)p Fw(,)26 b(the)f(neglected)f(exp)s(onen)m(tial)g(can)g(no) |
| | 37943 | m(w)0 4080 y(b)s(e)33 b(ev)-5 b(aluated,)32 b(and)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h |
| | 37944 | (retained)e(with)g(a)h(probabilit)m(y)d(prop)s(ortional)g(to)i(it.)42 |
| | 37945 | b(F)-8 b(rom)31 b(the)i Fj(x)3685 4095 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)0 |
| | 37946 | 4188 y Fw(scale)j(of)f(the)h(selected)g(in)m(teraction,)g(a)f(sequence) |
| | 37947 | j(of)d(softer)h Fj(x)2342 4203 y Fk(?)p Fh(i)2461 4188 |
| | 37948 | y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)35 b(ma)m(y)h(again)e(b)s(e)i(generated)0 |
| | 37949 | 4296 y(as)e(in)f(the)i(simple)d(mo)s(del,)h(using)h(the)g(kno)m(wn)i |
| | 37950 | Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)1919 4311 y Fk(?)1978 4296 y Fj(;)17 |
| | 37951 | b(b)p Fw(\).)48 b(This)34 b(sequence)j(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)g(empt)m(y)-8 |
| | 37952 | b(,)35 b(i.e.)47 b(the)0 4405 y(ev)m(en)m(t)34 b(need)g(not)e(con)m |
| | 37953 | (tain)h(an)m(y)g(further)g(in)m(teractions.)146 4513 |
| | 37954 | y(It)24 b(is)e(in)m(teresting)h(to)g(understand)h(ho)m(w)g(the)g |
| | 37955 | (algorithm)19 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)24 b(w)m(orks.)42 b(By)24 |
| | 37956 | b(selecting)f Fj(b)g Fw(according)0 4621 y(to)39 b Fj(e)p |
| | 37957 | Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))17 b(d)359 4585 y Fl(2)399 4621 |
| | 37958 | y Fj(b)p Fw(,)42 b(i.e.)64 b Fn(O)s Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))17 |
| | 37959 | b(d)968 4585 y Fl(2)1008 4621 y Fj(b)p Fw(,)42 b(the)e(primary)e |
| | 37960 | Fj(b)i Fw(distribution)e(is)h(maximally)d(biased)k(to)m(w)m(ards)h |
| | 37961 | (small)0 4730 y(impact)36 b(parameters.)60 b(If)38 b(the)g(\014rst)g |
| | 37962 | (in)m(teraction)f(is)g(hard,)j(b)m(y)f(c)m(hoice)f(or)f(b)m(y)i(c)m |
| | 37963 | (hance,)i(the)d(in)m(tegral)0 4838 y(of)33 b(the)g(cross)i(section)e |
| | 37964 | (ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h Fj(x)1179 4853 y Fk(?)p Fl(1)1307 4838 |
| | 37965 | y Fw(is)f(small,)e(and)i(the)h(exp)s(onen)m(tial)f(close)g(to)g(unit)m |
| | 37966 | (y)-8 b(.)46 b(The)34 b(rejection)0 4946 y(pro)s(cedure)c(is)f |
| | 37967 | (therefore)h(v)m(ery)h(e\016cien)m(t)g(for)d(all)g(standard)i(hard)f |
| | 37968 | (pro)s(cesses)j(in)c(the)i(program)e(|)h(one)0 5055 y(ma)m(y)g(ev)m(en) |
| | 37969 | h(safely)f(drop)f(the)i(w)m(eigh)m(ting)e(with)g(the)h(exp)s(onen)m |
| | 37970 | (tial)f(completely)-8 b(.)41 b(The)30 b(large)e Fj(e)p |
| | 37971 | Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))h(v)-5 b(alue)0 5163 y(is)27 b(also)f(lik)m(ely)g |
| | 37972 | (to)h(lead)g(to)g(the)h(generation)e(of)h(man)m(y)h(further,)g(softer)g |
| | 37973 | (in)m(teractions.)41 b(If,)28 b(on)g(the)f(other)0 5271 |
| | 37974 | y(hand,)f(the)d(\014rst)h(in)m(teraction)e(is)h(not)g(hard,)i(the)f |
| | 37975 | (exp)s(onen)m(tial)f(is)f(no)h(longer)g(close)g(to)g(unit)m(y)-8 |
| | 37976 | b(,)25 b(and)e(man)m(y)0 5380 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)38 b(are)e(rejected.)55 |
| | 37977 | b(This)36 b(pulls)f(do)m(wn)h(the)h(e\016ciency)g(for)e(`minim)m(um)e |
| | 37978 | (bias')i(ev)m(en)m(t)j(generation.)0 5488 y(Since)d(the)g(exp)s(onen)m |
| | 37979 | (t)h(is)e(prop)s(ortional)e(to)i Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p |
| | 37980 | Fw(\),)h(a)g(large)e Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))i(leads)g(to)f(an)g |
| | 37981 | (enhanced)i(probabilit)m(y)0 5596 y(for)30 b(rejection,)h(whereas)i |
| | 37982 | (the)e(c)m(hance)i(of)d(acceptance)j(is)d(larger)g(with)g(a)h(small)e |
| | 37983 | Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\).)43 b(Among)30 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)1817 |
| | 37984 | 5953 y(222)p eop |
| | 37985 | %%Page: 223 229 |
| | 37986 | 223 228 bop 0 -18 a Fw(where)33 b(the)g(hardest)f(in)m(teraction)f(is)h |
| | 37987 | (soft,)g(the)g Fj(b)h Fw(distribution)d(is)h(therefore)i(biased)f(to)m |
| | 37988 | (w)m(ards)h(larger)0 90 y(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(\(smaller)f |
| | 37989 | Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\)\),)i(and)g(there)g(is)f(a)g(small)f |
| | 37990 | (probabilit)m(y)f(for)i(y)m(et)i(softer)f(in)m(teractions.)146 |
| | 37991 | 198 y(T)-8 b(o)32 b(ev)-5 b(aluate)31 b(the)i(exp)s(onen)m(tial)e |
| | 37992 | (factor,)h(the)g(program)e(pretabulates)i(the)g(in)m(tegral)f(of)g |
| | 37993 | Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(x)3564 213 y Fk(?)3623 198 y Fw(\))32 |
| | 37994 | b(at)0 307 y(the)d(initialization)23 b(stage,)30 b(and)f(further)g |
| | 37995 | (increases)h(the)f(Mon)m(te)h(Carlo)e(statistics)g(of)g(this)h |
| | 37996 | (tabulation)0 415 y(as)38 b(the)h(run)f(pro)s(ceeds.)61 |
| | 37997 | b(The)39 b Fj(x)1197 430 y Fk(?)1294 415 y Fw(grid)e(is)g(concen)m |
| | 37998 | (trated)j(to)m(w)m(ards)f(small)d Fj(x)2871 430 y Fk(?)2930 |
| | 37999 | 415 y Fw(,)j(where)h(the)e(in)m(tegral)0 523 y(is)d(large.)49 |
| | 38000 | b(F)-8 b(or)35 b(a)f(selected)i Fj(x)1066 538 y Fk(?)p |
| | 38001 | Fl(1)1196 523 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue,)35 b(the)h Fj(f)11 b |
| | 38002 | Fw(\()p Fj(x)1801 538 y Fk(?)1860 523 y Fw(\))35 b(in)m(tegral)e(is)i |
| | 38003 | (obtained)f(b)m(y)i(in)m(terp)s(olation.)48 b(After)0 |
| | 38004 | 632 y(m)m(ultiplication)28 b(b)m(y)33 b(the)g(kno)m(wn)h |
| | 38005 | Fj(e)p Fw(\()p Fj(b)p Fw(\))f(factor,)g(the)g(exp)s(onen)m(tial)f |
| | 38006 | (factor)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(found.)146 740 y(In)27 b(this)g(section,)h |
| | 38007 | (nothing)e(has)h(y)m(et)g(b)s(een)h(assumed)f(ab)s(out)f(the)h(form)f |
| | 38008 | (of)g(the)h(d)p Fj(\033)t(=)p Fw(d)p Fj(p)3273 755 y |
| | 38009 | Fk(?)3359 740 y Fw(sp)s(ectrum.)0 848 y(Lik)m(e)40 b(in)g(the)g(impact) |
| | 38010 | f(parameter)h(indep)s(enden)m(t)h(case,)j(it)39 b(is)h(p)s(ossible)f |
| | 38011 | (to)h(use)h(a)f(sharp)h(cut-o\013)f(at)0 957 y(some)35 |
| | 38012 | b(giv)m(en)h Fj(p)554 972 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)766 957 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 38013 | b(alue.)52 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)39 b(no)m(w)d(eac)m(h)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i |
| | 38014 | (is)d(required)h(to)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(at)e(least)g(one)h(in)m(ter-)0 |
| | 38015 | 1065 y(action,)31 b(whereas)i(b)s(efore)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(without)d(in)m |
| | 38016 | (teractions)g(w)m(ere)i(retained)e(and)h(put)g(at)f Fj(p)3300 |
| | 38017 | 1080 y Fk(?)3387 1065 y Fw(=)c(0.)43 b(It)32 b(is)0 1173 |
| | 38018 | y(therefore)f(aesthetically)f(more)g(app)s(ealing)f(to)h(assume)h(a)g |
| | 38019 | (gradual)e(turn-o\013,)i(so)f(that)h(a)f(\(semi\)hard)0 |
| | 38020 | 1282 y(in)m(teraction)h(can)h(b)s(e)g(rather)h(soft)f(part)f(of)h(the)g |
| | 38021 | (time.)42 b(The)33 b(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)h(roughly)g(div)m(erge)g(lik) |
| | 38022 | m(e)0 1390 y Fj(\013)62 1405 y Fl(s)94 1390 y Fw(\()p |
| | 38023 | Fj(p)181 1354 y Fl(2)181 1415 y Fk(?)240 1390 y Fw(\))17 |
| | 38024 | b(d)p Fj(p)398 1354 y Fl(2)398 1415 y Fk(?)457 1390 y |
| | 38025 | Fj(=p)555 1354 y Fl(4)555 1415 y Fk(?)654 1390 y Fw(for)40 |
| | 38026 | b Fj(p)860 1405 y Fk(?)960 1390 y Fn(!)h Fw(0.)68 b(They)42 |
| | 38027 | b(could)e(therefore)h(b)s(e)g(regularized)f(as)g(follo)m(ws.)67 |
| | 38028 | b(Firstly)-8 b(,)41 b(to)0 1498 y(remo)m(v)m(e)28 b(the)g(1)p |
| | 38029 | Fj(=p)638 1462 y Fl(4)638 1523 y Fk(?)725 1498 y Fw(b)s(eha)m(viour,)g |
| | 38030 | (m)m(ultiply)d(b)m(y)k(a)e(factor)h Fj(p)2116 1462 y |
| | 38031 | Fl(4)2116 1523 y Fk(?)2175 1498 y Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(p)2311 |
| | 38032 | 1462 y Fl(2)2311 1523 y Fk(?)2381 1498 y Fw(+)12 b Fj(p)2518 |
| | 38033 | 1462 y Fl(2)2518 1523 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)2612 1498 y Fw(\))2650 |
| | 38034 | 1462 y Fl(2)2690 1498 y Fw(.)42 b(Secondly)-8 b(,)29 |
| | 38035 | b(replace)e(the)i Fj(p)3721 1462 y Fl(2)3721 1523 y Fk(?)0 |
| | 38036 | 1607 y Fw(argumen)m(t)34 b(in)g Fj(\013)616 1622 y Fl(s)683 |
| | 38037 | 1607 y Fw(b)m(y)h Fj(p)869 1571 y Fl(2)869 1631 y Fk(?)952 |
| | 38038 | 1607 y Fw(+)23 b Fj(p)1100 1571 y Fl(2)1100 1631 y Fk(?)p |
| | 38039 | Fl(0)1229 1607 y Fw(or,)35 b(with)f(the)h(inclusion)e(of)h(the)h |
| | 38040 | Fj(K)42 b Fw(factor)34 b(pro)s(cedure)h(in)m(tro)s(duced)0 |
| | 38041 | 1715 y(earlier,)c(replace)i(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(075)17 b Fj(p)945 |
| | 38042 | 1679 y Fl(2)945 1740 y Fk(?)1035 1715 y Fw(b)m(y)34 b(0)p |
| | 38043 | Fj(:)p Fw(075)17 b(\()p Fj(p)1498 1679 y Fl(2)1498 1740 |
| | 38044 | y Fk(?)1577 1715 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)1724 1679 y Fl(2)1724 |
| | 38045 | 1740 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)1819 1715 y Fw(\).)146 1823 y(With)g(these)h |
| | 38046 | (substitutions,)h(a)e(con)m(tin)m(uous)h Fj(p)1825 1838 |
| | 38047 | y Fk(?)1906 1823 y Fw(sp)s(ectrum)g(is)e(obtained,)j(stretc)m(hing)f |
| | 38048 | (from)e Fj(p)3541 1838 y Fk(?)3627 1823 y Fw(=)28 b(0)0 |
| | 38049 | 1932 y(to)47 b Fj(E)206 1947 y Fl(cm)300 1932 y Fj(=)p |
| | 38050 | Fw(2.)86 b(F)-8 b(or)46 b Fj(p)749 1947 y Fk(?)860 1932 |
| | 38051 | y Fn(\035)51 b Fj(p)1060 1947 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)1202 1932 |
| | 38052 | y Fw(the)c(standard)g(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)g(QCD)g(cross)h(section)f(is)f |
| | 38053 | (reco)m(v)m(ered,)0 2040 y(while)35 b(v)-5 b(alues)36 |
| | 38054 | b Fj(p)601 2055 y Fk(?)693 2040 y Fn(\034)c Fj(p)874 |
| | 38055 | 2055 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)1004 2040 y Fw(are)k(strongly)g(damp)s(ed.)52 |
| | 38056 | b(The)37 b Fj(p)2222 2055 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)2352 2040 y Fw(scale,)g(whic)m |
| | 38057 | (h)f(no)m(w)h(is)e(the)h(main)e(free)0 2148 y(parameter)i(of)g(the)h |
| | 38058 | (mo)s(del,)f(in)f(practice)i(comes)f(out)h(to)f(b)s(e)g(of)g(the)h |
| | 38059 | (same)g(order)f(of)g(magnitude)f(as)0 2257 y(the)e(sharp)g(cut-o\013)f |
| | 38060 | Fj(p)789 2272 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)998 2257 y Fw(did,)h(i.e.)43 |
| | 38061 | b(1.5{2)31 b(GeV.)146 2365 y(If)22 b(gluons)g(with)g(large)f(transv)m |
| | 38062 | (erse)j(w)m(a)m(v)m(elength)g(decouple)f(b)s(ecause)g(of)f(the)g |
| | 38063 | (colour-singlet)e(nature)0 2473 y(of)i(hadrons,)i(and)e(if)f(the)i |
| | 38064 | (transv)m(erse)h(structure)f(of)f(hadrons)g(is)g(assumed)h(to)e(b)s(e)i |
| | 38065 | (energy-indep)s(enden)m(t,)0 2582 y(it)30 b(is)h(natural)g(to)g(assume) |
| | 38066 | g(that)h(also)e Fj(p)1441 2597 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1649 2582 |
| | 38067 | y Fw(and)i Fj(p)1887 2597 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)2012 2582 y Fw(are)g(indep)s |
| | 38068 | (enden)m(t)g(of)f(the)h(c.m.)43 b(energy)32 b(of)f(the)0 |
| | 38069 | 2690 y(hadron)g(collision.)39 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(the)h(impact)e |
| | 38070 | (parameter)h(indep)s(enden)m(t)i(picture)f(this)f(w)m(orks)i(out)e |
| | 38071 | (\014ne,)i(with)0 2798 y(all)23 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(b)s(eing)d(reduced)j |
| | 38072 | (to)d(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)1364 2813 y Fk(?)1447 2798 y Fw(t)m(w)m(o-string)g |
| | 38073 | (ones)i(when)g(the)f(c.m.)41 b(energy)26 b(is)e(reduced.)43 |
| | 38074 | b(In)25 b(the)0 2907 y(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(impact)h(parameter)h |
| | 38075 | (picture,)g(the)h(whole)f(formalism)d(only)i(mak)m(es)i(sense)h(if)d |
| | 38076 | Fj(\033)3332 2922 y Fl(hard)3508 2907 y Fj(>)d(\033)3669 |
| | 38077 | 2922 y Fl(nd)3752 2907 y Fw(,)0 3015 y(see)36 b(e.g.)50 |
| | 38078 | b(eq.)35 b(\(170\).)49 b(Since)35 b Fj(\033)1123 3030 |
| | 38079 | y Fl(nd)1241 3015 y Fw(do)s(es)g(not)f(v)-5 b(anish)35 |
| | 38080 | b(with)f(decreasing)h(energy)-8 b(,)37 b(but)e Fj(\033)3210 |
| | 38081 | 3030 y Fl(hard)3390 3015 y Fw(w)m(ould)g(do)0 3123 y(that)d(for)g(a)g |
| | 38082 | (\014xed)h Fj(p)725 3138 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)819 3123 y Fw(,)g(this)f(means)g |
| | 38083 | (that)g Fj(p)1627 3138 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)1754 3123 y Fw(has)g(to)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 38084 | (reduced)g(when)h(the)e(energy)i(is)e(decreased)0 3232 |
| | 38085 | y(b)s(elo)m(w)45 b(some)f(giv)m(en)h(threshold.)80 b(The)46 |
| | 38086 | b(more)e(`sophisticated')h(mo)s(del)e(of)i(this)f(section)h(therefore)0 |
| | 38087 | 3340 y(mak)m(es)d(sense)h(at)e(collider)e(energies,)44 |
| | 38088 | b(whereas)e(it)e(is)h(not)g(w)m(ell)f(suited)i(for)e(applications)g(at) |
| | 38089 | g(lo)m(w)m(er)0 3448 y(energies.)0 3722 y Fp(11.3)136 |
| | 38090 | b(Pile-up)45 b(Ev)l(en)l(ts)0 3895 y Fw(In)40 b(high)f(luminosit)m(y)e |
| | 38091 | (colliders,)j(there)h(is)e(a)g(non-negligible)d(probabilit)m(y)i(that)i |
| | 38092 | (one)g(single)e(bunc)m(h)0 4003 y(crossing)32 b(ma)m(y)f(pro)s(duce)h |
| | 38093 | (sev)m(eral)g(separate)h(ev)m(en)m(ts,)h(so-called)c(pile-up)g(ev)m(en) |
| | 38094 | m(ts.)46 b(This)31 b(in)g(particular)0 4112 y(applies)39 |
| | 38095 | b(to)g(future)h(pp)g(colliders)e(lik)m(e)h(LHC,)h(but)g(one)g(could)f |
| | 38096 | (also)g(consider)h(e.g.)65 b(e)3231 4076 y Fl(+)3290 |
| | 38097 | 4112 y Fw(e)3333 4076 y Fk(\000)3432 4112 y Fw(colliders)0 |
| | 38098 | 4220 y(with)28 b(high)f(rates)i(of)f Fj(\015)5 b(\015)33 |
| | 38099 | b Fw(collisions.)39 b(The)30 b(program)d(therefore)h(con)m(tains)h(an)f |
| | 38100 | (option,)g(curren)m(tly)h(only)0 4328 y(applicable)g(to)h |
| | 38101 | (hadron{hadron)g(collisions,)f(wherein)i(sev)m(eral)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i |
| | 38102 | (ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(generated)h(and)e(put)0 4437 y(one)g(after)f(the)h |
| | 38103 | (other)g(in)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record,)g(to)e(sim)m(ulate)f(the)i |
| | 38104 | (full)e(amoun)m(t)h(of)g(particle)f(pro)s(duction)0 4545 |
| | 38105 | y(a)k(detector)i(migh)m(t)d(b)s(e)i(facing.)146 4653 |
| | 38106 | y(The)40 b(program)e(needs)j(to)e(kno)m(w)h(the)g(assumed)g(luminosit)m |
| | 38107 | (y)d(p)s(er)i(bunc)m(h{bunc)m(h)j(crossing,)f(ex-)0 4762 |
| | 38108 | y(pressed)c(in)c(m)m(b)593 4726 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)687 |
| | 38109 | 4762 y Fw(.)50 b(Multiplied)32 b(b)m(y)k(the)f(cross)g(section)g(for)f |
| | 38110 | (pile-up)f(pro)s(cesses)k(studied,)e Fj(\033)3445 4777 |
| | 38111 | y Fl(pile)3560 4762 y Fw(,)g(this)0 4870 y(giv)m(es)43 |
| | 38112 | b(the)g(a)m(v)m(erage)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(collisions)e(p)s(er)j(b) |
| | 38113 | s(eam)f(crossing,)p 2558 4817 59 4 v 45 w Fj(n)p Fw(.)73 |
| | 38114 | b(These)45 b(pile-up)c(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(are)0 4979 y(tak)m(en)32 |
| | 38115 | b(to)g(b)s(e)f(of)g(the)h(minim)m(um)d(bias)i(t)m(yp)s(e,)h(with)f |
| | 38116 | (di\013ractiv)m(e)g(and)h(elastic)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(included)d(or)h(not) |
| | 38117 | 0 5087 y(\(and)i(a)f(further)h(sub)s(division)f(of)g(di\013ractiv)m(e)g |
| | 38118 | (ev)m(en)m(ts)k(in)m(to)c(single)f(and)i(double\).)47 |
| | 38119 | b(This)34 b(means)g(that)0 5195 y Fj(\033)55 5210 y Fl(pile)199 |
| | 38120 | 5195 y Fw(ma)m(y)c(b)s(e)g(either)f Fj(\033)866 5210 |
| | 38121 | y Fl(tot)961 5195 y Fw(,)h Fj(\033)1073 5210 y Fl(tot)1184 |
| | 38122 | 5195 y Fn(\000)16 b Fj(\033)1332 5210 y Fl(el)1419 5195 |
| | 38123 | y Fw(or)29 b Fj(\033)1590 5210 y Fl(tot)1701 5195 y Fn(\000)16 |
| | 38124 | b Fj(\033)1849 5210 y Fl(el)1922 5195 y Fn(\000)g Fj(\033)2070 |
| | 38125 | 5210 y Fl(di\013r)2203 5195 y Fw(.)42 b(Whic)m(h)30 b(option)f(to)h(c)m |
| | 38126 | (ho)s(ose)g(dep)s(ends)i(on)0 5304 y(the)27 b(detector:)41 |
| | 38127 | b(most)26 b(detectors)i(w)m(ould)e(not)g(b)s(e)h(able)f(to)g(observ)m |
| | 38128 | (e)i(elastic)d(pp)i(scattering,)h(and)e(there-)0 5412 |
| | 38129 | y(fore)k(it)f(w)m(ould)h(b)s(e)g(sup)s(er\015uous)h(to)f(generate)g |
| | 38130 | (that)g(kind)g(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts.)45 b(In)31 b(addition,)d(w)m(e)j |
| | 38131 | (allo)m(w)e(for)g(the)0 5520 y(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)j(that)i(one)g(in)m |
| | 38132 | (teraction)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(of)f(a)h(rare)g(kind,)g(selected)h |
| | 38133 | (freely)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(user.)48 b(There)0 5629 y(is)38 |
| | 38134 | b(no)g(option)g(to)g(generate)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(`rare')g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(in) |
| | 38135 | d(the)h(same)f(crossing;)k(normally)36 b(the)j(lik)m(eliho)s(o)s(d)1817 |
| | 38136 | 5953 y(223)p eop |
| | 38137 | %%Page: 224 230 |
| | 38138 | 224 229 bop 0 -18 a Fw(for)32 b(that)g(kind)h(of)f(o)s(ccurences)j |
| | 38139 | (should)d(b)s(e)h(small.)146 90 y(If)48 b(only)g(minim)m(um)d(bias)j(t) |
| | 38140 | m(yp)s(e)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(are)e(generated,)53 b(i.e.)90 |
| | 38141 | b(if)47 b(only)h(one)g(cross)i(section)e(is)0 198 y(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed) |
| | 38142 | 32 b(in)f(the)h(problem,)f(then)i(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(ev)m(en) |
| | 38143 | m(ts)j(in)d(a)h(crossing)f(is)h(distributed)f(according)0 |
| | 38144 | 307 y(to)38 b(a)g(P)m(oissonian)g(with)g(the)h(a)m(v)m(erage)g(n)m(um)m |
| | 38145 | (b)s(er)p 1818 254 59 4 v 39 w Fj(n)g Fw(as)f(calculated)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
| | 38146 | (e.)61 b(The)40 b(program)d(actually)0 415 y(will)29 |
| | 38147 | b(sim)m(ulate)h(only)h(those)h(b)s(eam)e(crossings)i(where)h(at)e |
| | 38148 | (least)g(one)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(o)s(ccurs,)f(i.e.)43 b(not)31 |
| | 38149 | b(consider)0 523 y(the)41 b(fraction)e(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p |
| | 38150 | 808 470 V Fj(n)q Fw(\))h(of)g(zero-ev)m(en)m(t)j(crossings.)67 |
| | 38151 | b(Therefore)42 b(the)f(actually)e(generated)i(a)m(v)m(erage)0 |
| | 38152 | 632 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)33 b(of)f(pile-up)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(is)d |
| | 38153 | Fn(h)p Fj(n)p Fn(i)c Fw(=)p 1452 579 V 27 w Fj(n=)p Fw(\(1)22 |
| | 38154 | b Fn(\000)h Fw(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p 2032 579 V Fj(n)p |
| | 38155 | Fw(\)\).)146 740 y(No)m(w)34 b(instead)f(consider)g(the)g(other)g |
| | 38156 | (extreme,)h(where)g(one)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)e(supp)s(osed)h(b)s(e)f |
| | 38157 | (rare,)g(with)g(a)0 848 y(cross)i(section)g Fj(\033)624 |
| | 38158 | 863 y Fl(rare)784 848 y Fw(m)m(uc)m(h)g(smaller)d(than)i |
| | 38159 | Fj(\033)1668 863 y Fl(pile)1783 848 y Fw(,)g(i.e.)48 |
| | 38160 | b Fj(f)41 b Fn(\021)31 b Fj(\033)2269 863 y Fl(rare)2395 |
| | 38161 | 848 y Fj(=\033)2499 863 y Fl(pile)2644 848 y Fn(\034)f |
| | 38162 | Fw(1.)48 b(The)35 b(probabilit)m(y)e(that)0 957 y(a)f(bunc)m(h)i |
| | 38163 | (crossing)f(will)d(giv)m(e)j Fj(i)f Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(whereof)f(one)f |
| | 38164 | (of)f(the)h(rare)f(kind,)h(no)m(w)g(is)940 1223 y Fn(P)1009 |
| | 38165 | 1238 y Fh(i)1065 1223 y Fw(=)28 b Fj(f)f(i)34 b Fw(exp)q(\()p |
| | 38166 | Fn(\000)p 1575 1170 V Fj(n)p Fw(\))p 1698 1102 V 1698 |
| | 38167 | 1155 a Fj(n)1756 1119 y Fh(i)p 1698 1199 87 4 v 1711 |
| | 38168 | 1291 a Fj(i)p Fw(!)1822 1223 y(=)28 b Fj(f)p 2001 1170 |
| | 38169 | 59 4 v 27 w(n)17 b Fw(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p 2340 1170 |
| | 38170 | V Fj(n)p Fw(\))p 2528 1102 V 2528 1155 a Fj(n)2586 1119 |
| | 38171 | y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)p 2463 1199 307 4 v 2463 1291 |
| | 38172 | a Fw(\()p Fj(i)22 b Fn(\000)h Fw(1\)!)2812 1223 y Fj(:)718 |
| | 38173 | b Fw(\(174\))0 1484 y(The)39 b(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)38 |
| | 38174 | b(P)m(oissonian)g(is)f(suppressed)k(b)m(y)e(a)f(factor)f |
| | 38175 | Fj(f)11 b Fw(,)40 b(since)e(one)g(of)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(is)c(rare)h |
| | 38176 | (rather)0 1592 y(than)f(of)f(the)h(normal)e(kind,)j(but)f(enhanced)h(b) |
| | 38177 | m(y)g(a)f(factor)f Fj(i)p Fw(,)i(since)f(an)m(y)h(one)f(of)f(the)i |
| | 38178 | Fj(i)f Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(ma)m(y)0 1701 y(b)s(e)c(the)h(rare)f(one.)51 |
| | 38179 | b(As)36 b(the)f(equalit)m(y)g(sho)m(ws,)i(the)f(probabilit)m(y)d |
| | 38180 | (distribution)g(is)i(no)m(w)g(a)g(P)m(oissonian)0 1809 |
| | 38181 | y(in)c Fj(i)20 b Fn(\000)g Fw(1:)43 b(in)31 b(a)g(b)s(eam)g(crossing)g |
| | 38182 | (whic)m(h)h(pro)s(duces)h(one)f(rare)f(ev)m(en)m(t,)j(the)e(m)m |
| | 38183 | (ultiplicit)m(y)27 b(of)k(additional)0 1917 y(pile-up)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j |
| | 38184 | (is)e(distributed)g(according)f(to)h(a)g(P)m(oissonian)g(with)g(a)m(v)m |
| | 38185 | (erage)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)p 3252 1865 59 4 v 32 w Fj(n)p |
| | 38186 | Fw(.)43 b(The)32 b(total)0 2026 y(a)m(v)m(erage)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of) |
| | 38187 | f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(th)m(us)e(is)f Fn(h)p Fj(n)p Fn(i)c |
| | 38188 | Fw(=)p 1691 1973 V 27 w Fj(n)23 b Fw(+)f(1.)146 2134 |
| | 38189 | y(Clearly)-8 b(,)32 b(for)g(pro)s(cesses)i(with)e(in)m(termediate)f |
| | 38190 | (cross)i(sections,)p 2492 2081 V 33 w Fj(n)17 b(\033)2622 |
| | 38191 | 2149 y Fl(rare)2749 2134 y Fj(=\033)2853 2149 y Fl(pile)2994 |
| | 38192 | 2134 y Fn(')29 b Fw(1,)j(also)f(the)i(a)m(v)m(er-)0 2242 |
| | 38193 | y(age)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(will)27 |
| | 38194 | b(b)s(e)j(in)m(termediate,)f(and)h(it)e(is)i(not)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g |
| | 38195 | (assume)i(only)e(one)h(ev)m(en)m(t)0 2351 y(to)i(b)s(e)h(of)f(the)h |
| | 38196 | (`rare')g(t)m(yp)s(e.)44 b(W)-8 b(e)33 b(do)g(not)f(consider)h(that)f |
| | 38197 | (kind)h(of)f(situations.)146 2459 y(Kindly)37 b(note)h(that,)h(in)e |
| | 38198 | (the)h(curren)m(t)h(implemen)m(tation,)d(all)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(are)e |
| | 38199 | (supp)s(osed)i(to)d(b)s(e)h(pro-)0 2567 y(duced)44 b(at)e(the)i(same)e |
| | 38200 | (v)m(ertex)j(\(the)e(origin\).)72 b(T)-8 b(o)43 b(sim)m(ulate)e(the)i |
| | 38201 | (spatial)e(exten)m(t)j(of)f(the)g(colliding)0 2676 y(b)s(eams,)f(y)m |
| | 38202 | (ou)f(w)m(ould)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(assign)g(in)m(teraction)f(p)s(oin)m |
| | 38203 | (ts)h(y)m(ourself,)i(and)e(then)h(shift)f(eac)m(h)h(ev)m(en)m(t)0 |
| | 38204 | 2784 y(separately)33 b(b)m(y)g(the)g(required)g(amoun)m(t)f(in)g(space) |
| | 38205 | i(and)f(time.)146 2893 y(When)27 b(the)e(pile-up)f(option)g(is)h(used,) |
| | 38206 | j(one)e(main)d(limitation)e(is)k(that)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(records)f(ma)m(y) |
| | 38207 | f(b)s(ecome)0 3001 y(v)m(ery)35 b(large)d(when)j(sev)m(eral)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 38208 | (ts)h(are)f(put)f(one)h(after)f(the)h(other,)g(so)f(that)g(the)h(space) |
| | 38209 | h(limit)29 b(in)k(the)0 3109 y Fq(LUJETS)i Fw(common)c(blo)s(c)m(k)i |
| | 38210 | (is)f(reac)m(hed.)46 b(It)33 b(is)g(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(expand)h(the)f |
| | 38211 | (dimension)f(of)g(the)i(common)0 3218 y(blo)s(c)m(k,)39 |
| | 38212 | b(see)g Fq(MSTU\(4\))g Fw(and)f Fq(MSTU\(5\))p Fw(,)j(but)c(only)h(up)g |
| | 38213 | (to)f(ab)s(out)g(20)16 b(000)37 b(en)m(tries,)i(whic)m(h)f(migh)m(t)f |
| | 38214 | (not)0 3326 y(alw)m(a)m(ys)c(b)s(e)g(enough.)146 3434 |
| | 38215 | y(F)-8 b(or)41 b(practical)e(reasons,)45 b(the)c(program)f(will)f(only) |
| | 38216 | h(allo)m(w)g(a)p 2461 3381 V 41 w Fj(n)h Fw(up)h(to)e(120.)69 |
| | 38217 | b(The)42 b(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)0 3543 y(distribution)33 |
| | 38218 | b(is)h(truncated)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(200,)f(or)g(when)i(the)f |
| | 38219 | (probabilit)m(y)d(for)i(a)g(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)d(has)k(fallen)0 |
| | 38220 | 3651 y(b)s(elo)m(w)25 b(10)367 3615 y Fk(\000)p Fl(6)461 |
| | 38221 | 3651 y Fw(,)h(whic)m(hev)m(er)i(o)s(ccurs)d(so)s(oner.)42 |
| | 38222 | b(Also)24 b(lo)m(w)h(m)m(ultiplicities)c(with)j(probabilities)f(b)s |
| | 38223 | (elo)m(w)i(10)3686 3615 y Fk(\000)p Fl(6)0 3759 y Fw(are)33 |
| | 38224 | b(truncated.)0 4032 y Fp(11.4)136 b(Common)45 b(Blo)t(c)l(k)g(V)-11 |
| | 38225 | b(ariables)0 4205 y Fw(Of)27 b(the)g(routines)g(used)h(to)f(generate)h |
| | 38226 | (b)s(eam)e(remnan)m(ts,)i(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m(teractions)h(and)h |
| | 38227 | (pile-up)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)0 4313 y(none)j(are)g(in)m(tended)g(to)g(b)s |
| | 38228 | (e)g(used)h(in)e(standalone)g(mo)s(de.)42 b(The)29 b(only)g(w)m(a)m(y)h |
| | 38229 | (to)e(regulate)g(these)i(asp)s(ects)0 4421 y(is)i(therefore)h(via)f |
| | 38230 | (the)h(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(in)h(the)h Fq(PYPARS)h Fw(common)e(blo)s(c) |
| | 38231 | m(k.)p 0 4546 2876 9 v 0 4771 9 225 v 79 4686 a Fq |
| | 38232 | (COMMON/PYPARS/MSTP\(200\),)q(PARP)q(\(200)q(\),MS)q(TI\()q(200\))q |
| | 38233 | (,PAR)q(I\(20)q(0\))p 2867 4771 V 0 4779 2876 9 v 0 4911 |
| | 38234 | a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)31 b(giv)m(e)h(access)i(to)d(a)h(n)m(um)m |
| | 38235 | (b)s(er)g(of)f(status)i(co)s(des)g(and)f(parameters)f(whic)m(h)i |
| | 38236 | (regulate)e(the)472 5019 y(p)s(erformance)38 b(of)44 |
| | 38237 | b Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)60 b(Most)38 b(parameters)g(are)g(describ)s(ed)g(in) |
| | 38238 | g(section)g(9.3;)i(here)472 5128 y(only)31 b(those)h(related)f(to)g(b)s |
| | 38239 | (eam)g(remnan)m(ts,)h(m)m(ultiple)d(in)m(teractions)i(and)g(pile-up)f |
| | 38240 | (ev)m(en)m(ts)472 5236 y(are)k(describ)s(ed.)46 b(If)33 |
| | 38241 | b(the)g(default)g(v)-5 b(alues,)33 b(b)s(elo)m(w)g(denoted)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 38242 | (\(D=.)16 b(.)g(.)g(\),)34 b(are)f(not)g(satis-)472 5344 |
| | 38243 | y(factory)-8 b(,)36 b(they)f(m)m(ust)g(in)f(general)g(b)s(e)h(c)m |
| | 38244 | (hanged)g(b)s(efore)g(the)g Fq(PYINIT)h Fw(call.)48 b(Exceptions,)472 |
| | 38245 | 5453 y(i.e.)43 b(v)-5 b(ariables)32 b(whic)m(h)h(can)g(b)s(e)f(c)m |
| | 38246 | (hanged)i(for)e(eac)m(h)i(new)f(ev)m(en)m(t,)i(are)d(denoted)i(b)m(y)f |
| | 38247 | (\(C\).)0 5561 y Fq(MSTP\(81\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 |
| | 38248 | b(master)i(switc)m(h)g(for)f(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(teractions.)236 |
| | 38249 | 5669 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(o\013.)1817 5953 y(224)p |
| | 38250 | eop |
| | 38251 | %%Page: 225 231 |
| | 38252 | 225 230 bop 236 -18 a Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(on.)0 |
| | 38253 | 90 y Fq(MSTP\(82\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))41 b(structure)j(of)e(m)m |
| | 38254 | (ultiple)d(in)m(teractions.)73 b(F)-8 b(or)41 b(QCD)h(pro)s(cesses,)47 |
| | 38255 | b(used)d(do)m(wn)472 198 y(to)f Fj(p)651 213 y Fk(?)753 |
| | 38256 | 198 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)43 b(b)s(elo)m(w)g Fj(p)1390 213 |
| | 38257 | y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1567 198 y Fw(,)j(it)c(also)g(a\013ects)i(the)f(c)m |
| | 38258 | (hoice)h(of)f(structure)h(for)f(the)g(one)472 307 y(hard/semi-hard)32 |
| | 38259 | b(in)m(teraction.)236 415 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(simple)31 |
| | 38260 | b(t)m(w)m(o-string)h(mo)s(del)f(without)h(an)m(y)h(hard)g(in)m |
| | 38261 | (teractions.)236 523 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(m)m(ultiple)37 |
| | 38262 | b(in)m(teractions)h(assuming)h(the)h(same)f(probabilit)m(y)e(in)i(all)e |
| | 38263 | (ev)m(en)m(ts,)44 b(with)709 632 y(an)32 b(abrupt)h Fj(p)1213 |
| | 38264 | 647 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)1422 632 y Fw(cut-o\013)f(at)g Fq(PARP\(81\))p |
| | 38265 | Fw(.)236 740 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(m)m(ultiple)28 |
| | 38266 | b(in)m(teractions)i(assuming)g(the)h(same)g(probabilit)m(y)d(in)i(all)f |
| | 38267 | (ev)m(en)m(ts,)k(with)e(a)709 848 y(con)m(tin)m(uous)i(turn-o\013)f(of) |
| | 38268 | g(the)h(cross)h(section)e(at)h Fj(p)2565 863 y Fk(?)p |
| | 38269 | Fl(0)2686 848 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(82\))p Fw(.)236 957 y |
| | 38270 | Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(m)m(ultiple)65 b(in)m(teractions)h(assuming)h |
| | 38271 | (a)g(v)-5 b(arying)66 b(impact)g(parameter)h(and)h(a)709 |
| | 38272 | 1065 y(hadronic)30 b(matter)h(o)m(v)m(erlap)g(consisten)m(t)h(with)f(a) |
| | 38273 | g(Gaussian)g(matter)f(distribution,)709 1173 y(with)i(a)g(con)m(tin)m |
| | 38274 | (uous)h(turn-o\013)f(of)h(the)g(cross)g(section)g(at)f |
| | 38275 | Fj(p)2868 1188 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)2990 1173 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(82\))p |
| | 38276 | Fw(.)236 1282 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(m)m(ultiple)65 |
| | 38277 | b(in)m(teractions)h(assuming)h(a)g(v)-5 b(arying)66 b(impact)g |
| | 38278 | (parameter)h(and)h(a)709 1390 y(hadronic)37 b(matter)g(o)m(v)m(erlap)h |
| | 38279 | (consisten)m(t)h(with)f(a)g(double)g(Gaussian)f(matter)g(dis-)709 |
| | 38280 | 1498 y(tribution)f(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)j Fq(PARP\(83\))f |
| | 38281 | Fw(and)e Fq(PARP\(84\))p Fw(,)k(with)37 b(a)h(con)m(tin)m(uous)h |
| | 38282 | (turn-o\013)709 1607 y(of)32 b(the)h(cross)g(section)g(at)f |
| | 38283 | Fj(p)1721 1622 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)1843 1607 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(82\))p |
| | 38284 | Fw(.)236 1715 y Fo(Note)37 b(1:)110 b Fw(F)-8 b(or)49 |
| | 38285 | b Fq(MSTP\(82\))p Fn(\025)60 b Fw(2)50 b(and)g Fq(CKIN\(3\))p |
| | 38286 | Fj(>)p Fq(PARP\(82\))p Fw(,)59 b(cross)51 b(sections)g(giv)m(en)f(with) |
| | 38287 | 709 1823 y Fq(PYSTAT\(1\))38 b Fw(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(somewhat)g(to)s(o)g |
| | 38288 | (large,)g(since)g(\(for)g(reasons)h(of)e(e\016ciency\))709 |
| | 38289 | 1932 y(the)g(probabilit)m(y)e(factor)h(that)g(the)i(hard)e(in)m |
| | 38290 | (teraction)g(is)g(indeed)h(the)h(hardest)f(in)709 2040 |
| | 38291 | y(the)30 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)e(not)g(included)h(in)e(the)i(cross)h |
| | 38292 | (sections.)43 b(It)30 b(is)f(included)g(in)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)709 |
| | 38293 | 2148 y(selection,)f(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(so)e(the)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j |
| | 38294 | (generated)e(are)f(correctly)g(distributed.)42 b(F)-8 |
| | 38295 | b(or)709 2257 y Fq(CKIN\(3\))33 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues)31 |
| | 38296 | b(a)h(couple)f(of)g(times)g(larger)f(than)i Fq(PARP\(82\))i |
| | 38297 | Fw(this)d(ceases)i(to)e(b)s(e)709 2365 y(a)h(problem.)236 |
| | 38298 | 2473 y Fo(Note)37 b(2:)110 b Fw(The)41 b Fq(PARP\(81\))h |
| | 38299 | Fw(and,)g(in)d(particular,)h Fq(PARP\(82\))j Fw(v)-5 |
| | 38300 | b(alues)40 b(are)g(sensitiv)m(e)g(to)g(the)709 2582 y(c)m(hoice)35 |
| | 38301 | b(of)f(parton)g(distributions,)g(\003)2098 2597 y Fl(QCD)2262 |
| | 38302 | 2582 y Fw(,)h(etc.,)h(in)e(the)h(sense)i(that)d(a)h(c)m(hange)g(in)709 |
| | 38303 | 2690 y(the)28 b(latter)g(v)-5 b(ariables)27 b(leads)h(to)g(a)g(net)g(c) |
| | 38304 | m(hange)h(in)f(the)h(m)m(ultiple)c(in)m(teraction)i(rate,)709 |
| | 38305 | 2798 y(whic)m(h)32 b(has)h(to)f(b)s(e)g(comp)s(ensated)h(b)m(y)g(a)f |
| | 38306 | (retuning)g(of)39 b Fq(PARP\(81\))34 b Fw(or)e Fq(PARP\(82\))j |
| | 38307 | Fw(if)709 2907 y(one)g(w)m(an)m(ts)h(to)e(k)m(eep)j(the)e(net)g(m)m |
| | 38308 | (ultiple)e(in)m(teraction)g(structure)j(the)f(same.)51 |
| | 38309 | b(The)709 3015 y(default)35 b Fq(PARP\(81\))k Fw(v)-5 |
| | 38310 | b(alue)36 b(is)g(consisten)m(t)h(with)f(the)h(other)f(default)g(v)-5 |
| | 38311 | b(alues)36 b(giv)m(e,)709 3123 y(i.e.)65 b(CTEQ)42 b(2L)e(parton)f |
| | 38312 | (distributions)g(etc.)67 b(When)41 b(options)f Fq(MSTP\(82\)=)i |
| | 38313 | Fw(2{4)709 3232 y(are)37 b(used,)k(the)d(default)f Fq(PARP\(82\))j |
| | 38314 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(is)g(to)g(b)s(e)h(used)h(in)e(conjunction)h(with) |
| | 38315 | 709 3340 y Fq(MSTP\(2\)=2)d Fw(and)d Fq(MSTP\(33\)=3)p |
| | 38316 | Fw(.)46 b(These)35 b(switc)m(hes)f(should)e(b)s(e)h(set)g(b)m(y)h(y)m |
| | 38317 | (ou.)0 3448 y Fq(MSTP\(83\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=100\))54 |
| | 38318 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)g(Mon)m(te)h(Carlo)e(generated)i(phase-space)h |
| | 38319 | (p)s(oin)m(ts)e(p)s(er)g(bin)472 3557 y(\(whereof)46 |
| | 38320 | b(there)f(are)g(20\))f(in)g(the)h(initialization)39 b(\(in)44 |
| | 38321 | b Fq(PYMULT)p Fw(\))i(of)e(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(terac-)472 |
| | 38322 | 3665 y(tions)32 b(for)g Fq(MSTP\(82\))p Fn(\025)f Fw(2.)0 |
| | 38323 | 3774 y Fq(MSTP\(91\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))c(\(C\))g(primordial)e |
| | 38324 | Fj(k)1611 3789 y Fk(?)1714 3774 y Fw(distribution)h(in)h(hadron.)79 |
| | 38325 | b(See)46 b Fq(MSTP\(93\))h Fw(for)d(pho-)472 3882 y(ton.)236 |
| | 38326 | 3990 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)32 b(primordial)d |
| | 38327 | Fj(k)1372 4005 y Fk(?)1431 3990 y Fw(.)236 4099 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 38328 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(Gaussian,)32 b(width)g(giv)m(en)h(in)f |
| | 38329 | Fq(PARP\(91\))p Fw(,)i(upp)s(er)g(cut-o\013)e(in)g Fq(PARP\(93\))p |
| | 38330 | Fw(.)236 4207 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(exp)s(onen)m(tial,)32 |
| | 38331 | b(width)g(giv)m(en)h(in)f Fq(PARP\(92\))p Fw(,)i(upp)s(er)f(cut-o\013)g |
| | 38332 | (in)e Fq(PARP\(93\))p Fw(.)0 4315 y Fq(MSTP\(92\))53 |
| | 38333 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=4\))29 b(\(C\))i(energy)h(partitioning)27 |
| | 38334 | b(in)j(hadron)g(or)g(resolv)m(ed)i(photon)e(remnan)m(t,)h(when)472 |
| | 38335 | 4424 y(this)e(remnan)m(t)f(is)g(split)f(in)m(to)h(t)m(w)m(o)i(jets.)42 |
| | 38336 | b(\(F)-8 b(or)28 b(a)g(splitting)e(in)m(to)i(a)h(hadron)f(plus)h(a)f |
| | 38337 | (jet,)h(see)472 4532 y Fq(MSTP\(94\))p Fw(.\))49 b(The)35 |
| | 38338 | b(energy)g(fraction)d Fj(\037)i Fw(tak)m(en)h(b)m(y)f(one)g(of)f(the)i |
| | 38339 | (t)m(w)m(o)f(ob)5 b(jects,)35 b(with)f(con-)472 4640 |
| | 38340 | y(v)m(en)m(tions)i(as)e(describ)s(ed)h(for)f Fq(PARP\(94\))i |
| | 38341 | Fw(and)e Fq(PARP\(96\))p Fw(,)j(is)d(c)m(hosen)i(according)d(to)h(the) |
| | 38342 | 472 4749 y(di\013eren)m(t)f(distributions)e(b)s(elo)m(w.)44 |
| | 38343 | b(Here)33 b Fj(c)2014 4764 y Fl(min)2163 4749 y Fw(=)28 |
| | 38344 | b(2)p Fn(h)p Fj(m)2440 4764 y Fl(q)2481 4749 y Fn(i)p |
| | 38345 | Fj(=E)2641 4764 y Fl(cm)2763 4749 y Fw(=)f(0)p Fj(:)p |
| | 38346 | Fw(6)33 b(GeV)p Fj(=E)3338 4764 y Fl(cm)3432 4749 y Fw(.)236 |
| | 38347 | 4857 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(1)29 b(for)h(meson)g(or)f(resolv)m(ed)i |
| | 38348 | (photon,)g(2\(1)16 b Fn(\000)h Fj(\037)p Fw(\))30 b(for)f(bary)m(on,)i |
| | 38349 | (i.e.)42 b(simple)29 b(coun)m(ting)709 4965 y(rules.)236 |
| | 38350 | 5074 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(\()p Fj(k)25 b Fw(+)d(1\)\(1)f |
| | 38351 | Fn(\000)i Fj(\037)p Fw(\))1315 5037 y Fh(k)1358 5074 |
| | 38352 | y Fw(,)32 b(with)h Fj(k)i Fw(giv)m(en)e(b)m(y)i Fq(PARP\(94\))f |
| | 38353 | Fw(or)f Fq(PARP\(96\))p Fw(.)236 5215 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 |
| | 38354 | b Fw(prop)s(ortional)54 b(to)i(\(1)38 b Fn(\000)h Fj(\037)p |
| | 38355 | Fw(\))1777 5179 y Fh(k)1820 5215 y Fj(=)1897 5177 y Ff(4)1872 |
| | 38356 | 5113 y Fg(q)p 1955 5113 385 4 v 102 x Fj(\037)2016 5187 |
| | 38357 | y Fl(2)2077 5215 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(c)2217 5181 y Fl(2)2217 |
| | 38358 | 5239 y(min)2339 5215 y Fw(,)63 b(with)56 b Fj(k)k Fw(giv)m(en)d(b)m(y)i |
| | 38359 | Fq(PARP\(94\))g Fw(or)709 5337 y Fq(PARP\(96\))p Fw(.)236 |
| | 38360 | 5462 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(prop)s(ortional)54 b(to)j(\(1)38 |
| | 38361 | b Fn(\000)h Fj(\037)p Fw(\))1778 5426 y Fh(k)1821 5462 |
| | 38362 | y Fj(=)1870 5360 y Fg(q)p 1953 5360 V 102 x Fj(\037)2014 |
| | 38363 | 5433 y Fl(2)2076 5462 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(c)2216 5428 y Fl(2)2216 |
| | 38364 | 5486 y(min)2337 5462 y Fw(,)64 b(with)56 b Fj(k)k Fw(giv)m(en)d(b)m(y)j |
| | 38365 | Fq(PARP\(94\))f Fw(or)709 5584 y Fq(PARP\(96\))p Fw(.)1817 |
| | 38366 | 5953 y(225)p eop |
| | 38367 | %%Page: 226 232 |
| | 38368 | 226 231 bop 236 -18 a Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(prop)s(ortional)42 |
| | 38369 | b(to)j(\(1)30 b Fn(\000)h Fj(\037)p Fw(\))1738 -55 y |
| | 38370 | Fh(k)1781 -18 y Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(\037)1929 -55 y Fl(2)1999 |
| | 38371 | -18 y Fw(+)f Fj(c)2147 -55 y Fl(2)2147 6 y(min)2269 -18 |
| | 38372 | y Fw(\))2307 -55 y Fh(b=)p Fl(2)2412 -18 y Fw(,)48 b(with)d |
| | 38373 | Fj(k)j Fw(giv)m(en)d(b)m(y)j Fq(PARP\(94\))f Fw(or)709 |
| | 38374 | 90 y Fq(PARP\(96\))p Fw(,)34 b(and)f Fj(b)g Fw(b)m(y)i |
| | 38375 | Fq(PARP\(98\))p Fw(.)0 198 y Fq(MSTP\(93\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 38376 | b Fw(\(D=1\))37 b(\(C\))g(primordial)d Fj(k)1589 213 |
| | 38377 | y Fk(?)1686 198 y Fw(distribution)h(in)i(photon,)i(either)f(it)e(is)i |
| | 38378 | (one)f(of)h(the)g(in-)472 307 y(coming)31 b(particles)h(or)g(inside)g |
| | 38379 | (an)h(electron.)236 415 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)32 |
| | 38380 | b(primordial)d Fj(k)1372 430 y Fk(?)1431 415 y Fw(.)236 |
| | 38381 | 523 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(Gaussian,)32 b(width)g(giv)m(en)h(in)f |
| | 38382 | Fq(PARP\(99\))p Fw(,)i(upp)s(er)g(cut-o\013)e(in)g Fq(PARP\(100\))p |
| | 38383 | Fw(.)236 632 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(exp)s(onen)m(tial,)32 |
| | 38384 | b(width)g(giv)m(en)h(in)f Fq(PARP\(99\))p Fw(,)i(upp)s(er)f(cut-o\013)g |
| | 38385 | (in)e Fq(PARP\(100\))p Fw(.)236 740 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 |
| | 38386 | b Fw(p)s(o)m(w)m(er-lik)m(e)29 b(of)f(the)i(t)m(yp)s(e)g(d)p |
| | 38387 | Fj(k)1765 704 y Fl(2)1762 765 y Fk(?)1821 740 y Fj(=)p |
| | 38388 | Fw(\()p Fj(k)1962 704 y Fl(2)1959 765 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)2068 |
| | 38389 | 740 y Fw(+)15 b Fj(k)2213 704 y Fl(2)2210 765 y Fk(?)2269 |
| | 38390 | 740 y Fw(\))2307 704 y Fl(2)2347 740 y Fw(,)30 b(with)f |
| | 38391 | Fj(k)2674 755 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)2797 740 y Fw(in)f Fq(PARP\(99\))k |
| | 38392 | Fw(and)d(upp)s(er)709 848 y Fj(k)760 863 y Fk(?)851 848 |
| | 38393 | y Fw(cut-o\013)j(in)g Fq(PARP\(100\))p Fw(.)236 957 y |
| | 38394 | Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(p)s(o)m(w)m(er-lik)m(e)32 b(of)f(the)i(t)m(yp) |
| | 38395 | s(e)g(d)p Fj(k)1777 920 y Fl(2)1774 981 y Fk(?)1833 957 |
| | 38396 | y Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(k)1974 920 y Fl(2)1971 981 y Fk(?)p |
| | 38397 | Fl(0)2086 957 y Fw(+)21 b Fj(k)2237 920 y Fl(2)2234 981 |
| | 38398 | y Fk(?)2292 957 y Fw(\),)32 b(with)g Fj(k)2662 972 y |
| | 38399 | Fk(?)p Fl(0)2788 957 y Fw(in)g Fq(PARP\(99\))i Fw(and)e(upp)s(er)709 |
| | 38400 | 1065 y Fj(k)760 1080 y Fk(?)851 1065 y Fw(cut-o\013)g(in)g |
| | 38401 | Fq(PARP\(100\))p Fw(.)236 1173 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 |
| | 38402 | b Fw(p)s(o)m(w)m(er-lik)m(e)32 b(of)f(the)i(t)m(yp)s(e)g(d)p |
| | 38403 | Fj(k)1777 1137 y Fl(2)1774 1198 y Fk(?)1833 1173 y Fj(=)p |
| | 38404 | Fw(\()p Fj(k)1974 1137 y Fl(2)1971 1198 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)2086 |
| | 38405 | 1173 y Fw(+)21 b Fj(k)2237 1137 y Fl(2)2234 1198 y Fk(?)2292 |
| | 38406 | 1173 y Fw(\),)32 b(with)g Fj(k)2662 1188 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)2788 |
| | 38407 | 1173 y Fw(in)g Fq(PARP\(99\))i Fw(and)e(upp)s(er)709 |
| | 38408 | 1282 y Fj(k)760 1297 y Fk(?)842 1282 y Fw(cut-o\013)22 |
| | 38409 | b(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)g(the)g Fj(p)1718 1297 y Fk(?)1800 |
| | 38410 | 1282 y Fw(of)e(the)i(hard)f(pro)s(cess)i(or)e(b)m(y)i |
| | 38411 | Fq(PARP\(100\))p Fw(,)j(whic)m(hev)m(er)709 1390 y(is)k(smaller.)236 |
| | 38412 | 1498 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(for)39 b(options)h(1)g(and)g(2)g(the)h |
| | 38413 | Fq(PARP\(100\))h Fw(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(is)g(of)g(minor)e(imp)s(ortance,)j |
| | 38414 | (once)709 1607 y Fq(PARP\(100\))p Fn(\035)p Fq(PARP\(99\))p |
| | 38415 | Fw(.)60 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)41 b(options)36 b(3)g(and)h(4)g(corresp)s |
| | 38416 | (ond)h(to)e(distri-)709 1715 y(butions)28 b(with)h(in\014nite)f |
| | 38417 | Fn(h)p Fj(k)1691 1679 y Fl(2)1688 1740 y Fk(?)1747 1715 |
| | 38418 | y Fn(i)g Fw(if)g(the)i Fj(k)2116 1730 y Fk(?)2203 1715 |
| | 38419 | y Fw(sp)s(ectrum)g(is)e(not)h(cut)g(o\013,)h(and)f(therefore)709 |
| | 38420 | 1823 y(the)45 b Fq(PARP\(100\))i Fw(v)-5 b(alue)44 b(is)g(as)h(imp)s |
| | 38421 | (ortan)m(t)e(for)h(the)h(o)m(v)m(erall)e(distribution)g(as)i(is)709 |
| | 38422 | 1932 y Fq(PARP\(99\))p Fw(.)0 2040 y Fq(MSTP\(94\))53 |
| | 38423 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))29 b(\(C\))i(energy)h(partitioning)27 |
| | 38424 | b(in)j(hadron)g(or)g(resolv)m(ed)i(photon)e(remnan)m(t,)h(when)472 |
| | 38425 | 2148 y(this)k(remnan)m(t)g(is)g(split)e(in)m(to)i(a)f(hadron)h(plus)g |
| | 38426 | (a)g(remainder-jet.)50 b(The)36 b(energy)g(fraction)472 |
| | 38427 | 2257 y(c)m(hi)c(is)f(tak)m(en)i(b)m(y)f(one)g(of)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 38428 | (ob)5 b(jects,)33 b(with)f(con)m(v)m(en)m(tions)h(as)f(describ)s(ed)g |
| | 38429 | (b)s(elo)m(w)g(or)472 2365 y(for)g Fq(PARP\(95\))j Fw(and)e |
| | 38430 | Fq(PARP\(97\))p Fw(.)236 2473 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b |
| | 38431 | Fw(1)29 b(for)h(meson)g(or)f(resolv)m(ed)i(photon,)g(2\(1)16 |
| | 38432 | b Fn(\000)h Fj(\037)p Fw(\))30 b(for)f(bary)m(on,)i(i.e.)42 |
| | 38433 | b(simple)29 b(coun)m(ting)709 2582 y(rules.)236 2690 |
| | 38434 | y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(\()p Fj(k)25 b Fw(+)d(1\)\(1)f |
| | 38435 | Fn(\000)i Fj(\037)p Fw(\))1315 2654 y Fh(k)1358 2690 |
| | 38436 | y Fw(,)32 b(with)h Fj(k)i Fw(giv)m(en)e(b)m(y)i Fq(PARP\(95\))f |
| | 38437 | Fw(or)f Fq(PARP\(97\))p Fw(.)236 2798 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 |
| | 38438 | b Fw(the)40 b Fj(\037)h Fw(of)f(the)g(hadron)h(is)e(selected)j |
| | 38439 | (according)d(to)h(the)h(normal)d(fragmen)m(tation)709 |
| | 38440 | 2907 y(function)i(used)i(for)e(the)h(hadron)f(in)g(jet)h(fragmen)m |
| | 38441 | (tation,)g(see)h Fq(MSTJ\(11\))p Fw(.)70 b(The)709 3015 |
| | 38442 | y(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)39 b(of)j(a)f(c)m(hanged)i(fragmen)m(tation)d |
| | 38443 | (function)h(shap)s(e)i(in)e(diquark)h(frag-)709 3123 |
| | 38444 | y(men)m(tation)31 b(\(see)j Fq(PARJ\(45\))p Fw(\))g(is)e(not)h |
| | 38445 | (included.)236 3232 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(as)29 |
| | 38446 | b Fq(=3)p Fw(,)i(but)f(the)g(shap)s(e)g(is)f(c)m(hanged)h(as)g(allo)m |
| | 38447 | (w)m(ed)f(in)f(diquark)i(fragmen)m(tation)d(\(see)709 |
| | 38448 | 3340 y Fq(PARJ\(45\))p Fw(\);)34 b(this)d(c)m(hange)h(is)f(here)h(also) |
| | 38449 | e(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(for)g(meson)g(pro)s(duction.)42 b(\(This)709 |
| | 38450 | 3448 y(option)35 b(is)h(not)g(so)g(natural)g(for)f(mesons,)j(but)f(has) |
| | 38451 | f(b)s(een)i(added)e(to)g(pro)m(vide)h(the)709 3557 y(same)32 |
| | 38452 | b(amoun)m(t)g(of)g(freedom)g(as)h(for)f(bary)m(ons\).)0 |
| | 38453 | 3665 y Fq(MSTP\(131\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0\))37 b(master)g(switc)m(h)h |
| | 38454 | (for)f(pile-up)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)41 b(i.e.)57 b(sev)m(eral)38 |
| | 38455 | b(indep)s(enden)m(t)h(hadron{)472 3774 y(hadron)47 b(in)m(teractions)e |
| | 38456 | (generated)i(in)f(the)h(same)f(bunc)m(h{bunc)m(h)i(crossing,)i(with)c |
| | 38457 | (the)472 3882 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)35 b(follo)m(wing)30 b(one)j(after)f(the)h |
| | 38458 | (other)g(in)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record.)236 3990 y |
| | 38459 | Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(o\013,)32 b(i.e.)43 b(only)32 |
| | 38460 | b(one)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)e(generated)i(at)e(a)g(time.)236 |
| | 38461 | 4099 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(on,)31 b(i.e.)43 b(sev)m(eral)33 |
| | 38462 | b(ev)m(en)m(ts)g(are)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(in)g(the)h(same)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j |
| | 38463 | (record.)44 b(Information)709 4207 y(on)32 b(the)h(pro)s(cesses)i |
| | 38464 | (generated)e(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(found)h(in)f Fq(MSTI\(41\))53 |
| | 38465 | b(-)f(MSTI\(50\))p Fw(.)0 4315 y Fq(MSTP\(132\))i(:)47 |
| | 38466 | b Fw(\(D=4\))25 b(the)i(pro)s(cesses)h(that)e(are)h(switc)m(hed)g(on)f |
| | 38467 | (for)g(pile-up)f(ev)m(en)m(ts.)44 b(The)27 b(\014rst)g(ev)m(en)m(t)472 |
| | 38468 | 4424 y(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(set)g(up)g(completely)e(arbitrarily)-8 |
| | 38469 | b(,)24 b(using)g(the)h(switc)m(hes)h(in)e(the)h Fq(PYSUBS)h |
| | 38470 | Fw(common)472 4532 y(blo)s(c)m(k,)52 b(while)47 b(all)f(the)j |
| | 38471 | (subsequen)m(t)i(ev)m(en)m(ts)f(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to)e(b)s(e)g(of)f(one)i |
| | 38472 | (of)e(the)i(`inclusiv)m(e')472 4640 y(pro)s(cesses)31 |
| | 38473 | b(whic)m(h)f(dominate)d(the)i(cross)h(section,)g(according)e(to)h(the)g |
| | 38474 | (options)f(b)s(elo)m(w.)42 b(It)472 4749 y(is)33 b(th)m(us)g(not)g(p)s |
| | 38475 | (ossible)e(to)i(generate)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(rare)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(in)c(the)i |
| | 38476 | (pile-up)f(option.)236 4857 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(lo)m(w-)p |
| | 38477 | Fj(p)935 4872 y Fk(?)1035 4857 y Fw(pro)s(cesses)44 b(\(ISUB)f(=)f |
| | 38478 | (95\))f(only)-8 b(.)72 b(The)43 b(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)2782 |
| | 38479 | 4872 y Fk(?)2882 4857 y Fw(mo)s(del)d(actually)h(used,)709 |
| | 38480 | 4965 y(b)s(oth)50 b(in)f(the)i(hard)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(and)e(in)g(the)h |
| | 38481 | (pile-up)e(ev)m(en)m(ts,)57 b(is)50 b(the)h(one)f(set)i(b)m(y)709 |
| | 38482 | 5074 y Fq(MSTP\(81\))37 b Fw(etc.)53 b(This)36 b(means)g(that)f |
| | 38483 | (implicitly)c(also)k(high-)p Fj(p)3005 5089 y Fk(?)3098 |
| | 38484 | 5074 y Fw(jets)h(can)g(b)s(e)g(gen-)709 5182 y(erated)d(in)f(the)h |
| | 38485 | (pile-up)e(ev)m(en)m(ts.)236 5290 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 38486 | b Fw(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)935 5305 y Fk(?)1025 5290 y Fw(+)33 |
| | 38487 | b(double)f(di\013ractiv)m(e)g(pro)s(cesses)j(\(ISUB)e(=)f(95)g(and)h |
| | 38488 | (94\).)236 5399 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(lo)m(w-)p |
| | 38489 | Fj(p)935 5414 y Fk(?)1033 5399 y Fw(+)40 b(double)h(di\013ractiv)m(e)f |
| | 38490 | (+)g(single)f(di\013ractiv)m(e)h(pro)s(cesses)j(\(ISUB)e(=)f(95,)709 |
| | 38491 | 5507 y(94,)32 b(93)g(and)h(92\).)236 5615 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 |
| | 38492 | b Fw(lo)m(w-)p Fj(p)935 5630 y Fk(?)1031 5615 y Fw(+)39 |
| | 38493 | b(double)f(di\013ractiv)m(e)g(+)g(single)f(di\013ractiv)m(e)h(+)h |
| | 38494 | (elastic)e(pro)s(cesses,)42 b(to-)1817 5953 y(226)p eop |
| | 38495 | %%Page: 227 233 |
| | 38496 | 227 232 bop 709 -18 a Fw(gether)40 b(corresp)s(onding)g(to)g(the)h |
| | 38497 | (full)d(hadron{hadron)i(cross)h(section)f(\(ISUB)h(=)709 |
| | 38498 | 90 y(95,)32 b(94,)g(93,)g(92)g(and)h(91\).)0 198 y Fq(MSTP\(133\))54 |
| | 38499 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0\))32 b(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)d(distribution)h(of)i |
| | 38500 | (pile-up)g(ev)m(en)m(ts.)236 307 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 38501 | b Fw(selected)28 b(b)m(y)h(user,)g(b)s(efore)f(eac)m(h)g |
| | 38502 | Fq(PYEVNT)h Fw(call,)e(b)m(y)h(giving)e(the)i Fq(MSTP\(134\))i |
| | 38503 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)236 415 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(a)52 |
| | 38504 | b(P)m(oissonian)g(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)d(distribution)h(in)i(the)h(total) |
| | 38505 | e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)f(pile-up)709 523 y(ev)m(en)m(ts.)108 |
| | 38506 | b(This)54 b(is)e(the)i(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)54 b(distribution)d(if)h(the)i |
| | 38507 | (switc)m(hes)h(set)f(for)f(the)709 632 y(\014rst)i(ev)m(en)m(t)i(in)d |
| | 38508 | Fq(PYSUBS)i Fw(giv)m(e)f(the)g(same)g(subpro)s(cesses)j(as)d(are)f |
| | 38509 | (implied)f(b)m(y)709 740 y Fq(MSTP\(132\))p Fw(.)77 b(In)43 |
| | 38510 | b(that)g(case)h(the)g(mean)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(p)s |
| | 38511 | (er)f(b)s(eam)e(cross-)709 848 y(ing)37 b(is)p 981 795 |
| | 38512 | 59 4 v 38 w Fj(n)h Fw(=)f Fj(\033)1245 863 y Fl(pile)1359 |
| | 38513 | 848 y Fn(\002)p Fq(PARP\(131\))p Fw(,)43 b(where)d Fj(\033)2308 |
| | 38514 | 863 y Fl(pile)2460 848 y Fw(is)e(the)h(sum)f(of)g(the)h(cross)g |
| | 38515 | (section)709 957 y(for)28 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(pro)s(cesses.)44 |
| | 38516 | b(Since)30 b(bunc)m(h)g(crossing)f(whic)m(h)h(do)f(not)g(giv)m(e)g(an)m |
| | 38517 | (y)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)709 1065 y(at)23 b(all)e(\(probabilit)m(y)h(exp)q(\() |
| | 38518 | p Fn(\000)p 1737 1012 V Fj(n)p Fw(\)\))h(are)h(not)f(sim)m(ulated,)h |
| | 38519 | (the)g(actual)f(a)m(v)m(erage)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)709 1173 |
| | 38520 | y(p)s(er)32 b Fq(PYEVNT)i Fw(call)d(is)h Fn(h)p Fj(n)p |
| | 38521 | Fn(i)c Fw(=)p 1763 1120 V 27 w Fj(n)q(=)p Fw(\(1)21 b |
| | 38522 | Fn(\000)i Fw(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p 2343 1120 V Fj(n)q |
| | 38523 | Fw(\)\).)236 1282 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(a)22 b(biased)h |
| | 38524 | (distribution,)g(as)f(is)h(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)22 b(when)i(one)f(of)f |
| | 38525 | (the)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(to)e(b)s(e)g(generated)709 1390 |
| | 38526 | y(is)30 b(assumed)h(to)g(b)s(elong)f(to)g(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(class)e |
| | 38527 | (with)f(a)g(cross)i(section)f(m)m(uc)m(h)g(smaller)709 |
| | 38528 | 1498 y(than)g(the)h(total)f(hadronic)g(cross)h(section.)44 |
| | 38529 | b(If)31 b Fj(\033)2488 1513 y Fl(rare)2646 1498 y Fw(is)g(the)h(cross)h |
| | 38530 | (section)f(for)f(this)709 1607 y(rare)37 b(pro)s(cess)h(\(or)f(the)h |
| | 38531 | (sum)f(of)g(the)h(cross)g(sections)g(of)f(sev)m(eral)h(rare)f(pro)s |
| | 38532 | (cesses\))709 1715 y(and)c Fj(\033)954 1730 y Fl(pile)1103 |
| | 38533 | 1715 y Fw(the)h(cross)g(section)g(for)f(the)i(pro)s(cesses)g(allo)m(w)m |
| | 38534 | (ed)e(b)m(y)j Fq(MSTP\(132\))p Fw(,)h(then)709 1823 y(de\014ne)p |
| | 38535 | 994 1770 V 37 w Fj(n)c Fw(=)g Fj(\033)1249 1838 y Fl(pile)1363 |
| | 38536 | 1823 y Fn(\002)p Fq(PARP\(131\))39 b Fw(and)d Fj(f)43 |
| | 38537 | b Fw(=)33 b Fj(\033)2386 1838 y Fl(rare)2513 1823 y Fj(=\033)2617 |
| | 38538 | 1838 y Fl(pile)2731 1823 y Fw(.)53 b(The)36 b(probabilit)m(y)e(that)i |
| | 38539 | (a)709 1932 y(bunc)m(h)g(crossing)f(will)e(giv)m(e)i |
| | 38540 | Fj(i)g Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(is)e(then)g Fn(P)2523 1947 y |
| | 38541 | Fh(i)2584 1932 y Fw(=)c Fj(f)d(i)33 b Fw(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p |
| | 38542 | 3097 1879 V Fj(n)q Fw(\))p 3211 1879 V 17 w Fj(n)3269 |
| | 38543 | 1896 y Fh(i)3297 1932 y Fj(=i)p Fw(!,)j(i.e.)50 b(the)709 |
| | 38544 | 2040 y(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)34 b(P)m(oissonian)f(is)g |
| | 38545 | (suppressed)j(b)m(y)f(a)f(factor)f Fj(f)44 b Fw(since)34 |
| | 38546 | b(one)g(of)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(will)709 2148 y(b)s(e)30 |
| | 38547 | b(rare)h(rather)f(than)g(frequen)m(t,)j(but)d(enhanced)i(b)m(y)g(a)e |
| | 38548 | (factor)g Fj(i)g Fw(since)h(an)m(y)g(of)f(the)709 2257 |
| | 38549 | y Fj(i)37 b Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(the)g(rare)f(one.)59 |
| | 38550 | b(Only)37 b(b)s(eam)f(crossings)i(whic)m(h)g(giv)m(e)g(at)f(least)709 |
| | 38551 | 2365 y(one)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(of)e(the)h(required)g(rare)f(t)m(yp)s(e)h |
| | 38552 | (are)g(sim)m(ulated,)f(and)h(the)f(distribution)709 2473 |
| | 38553 | y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)33 b(normalized)e(accordingly)-8 b(.)236 |
| | 38554 | 2582 y Fo(Note:)203 b Fw(for)46 b(practical)g(reasons,)51 |
| | 38555 | b(it)46 b(is)h(required)g(that)p 2522 2529 V 47 w Fj(n)52 |
| | 38556 | b(<)g Fw(120,)e(i.e.)86 b(that)47 b(an)g(a)m(v)m(er-)709 |
| | 38557 | 2690 y(age)36 b(b)s(eam)g(crossing)g(do)s(es)h(not)f(con)m(tain)g(more) |
| | 38558 | g(than)g(120)g(pile-up)f(ev)m(en)m(ts.)58 b(The)709 2798 |
| | 38559 | y(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)27 b(distribution)i(is)h(truncated)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
| | 38560 | (e)h(200,)e(or)h(when)g(the)g(probabilit)m(y)709 2907 |
| | 38561 | y(for)37 b(a)h(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)c(has)39 b(fallen)d(b)s(elo)m(w)i(10) |
| | 38562 | 2306 2871 y Fk(\000)p Fl(6)2400 2907 y Fw(,)h(whic)m(hev)m(er)h(o)s |
| | 38563 | (ccurs)f(so)s(oner.)60 b(Also)709 3015 y(lo)m(w)36 b(m)m(ultiplicities) |
| | 38564 | d(with)j(probabilities)e(b)s(elo)m(w)j(10)2645 2979 y |
| | 38565 | Fk(\000)p Fl(6)2776 3015 y Fw(are)g(truncated.)58 b(See)37 |
| | 38566 | b(also)709 3123 y Fq(PARI\(91\))53 b(-)f(PARI\(93\))p |
| | 38567 | Fw(.)0 3232 y Fq(MSTP\(134\))i(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1\))37 b(a)g(user)h |
| | 38568 | (selected)h(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)-8 b(,)35 b(i.e.)57 b(total)36 |
| | 38569 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)f(pile-up)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)41 b(to)472 |
| | 38570 | 3340 y(b)s(e)e(generated)f(in)f(the)i(next)f Fq(PYEVNT)i |
| | 38571 | Fw(call.)57 b(Ma)m(y)39 b(b)s(e)f(reset)h(for)e(eac)m(h)i(new)g(ev)m |
| | 38572 | (en)m(t,)i(but)472 3448 y(m)m(ust)33 b(b)s(e)g(in)f(the)h(range)f(1)c |
| | 38573 | Fn(\024)p Fq(MSTP\(134\))p Fn(\024)j Fw(200.)0 3611 y |
| | 38574 | Fq(PARP\(81\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.40)22 b(GeV/)p Fj(c)p |
| | 38575 | Fw(\))h(e\013ectiv)m(e)i(minim)m(um)20 b(transv)m(erse)26 |
| | 38576 | b(momen)m(tum)c Fj(p)3090 3626 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)3290 3611 |
| | 38577 | y Fw(for)h(m)m(ultiple)472 3719 y(in)m(teractions)32 |
| | 38578 | b(with)h Fq(MSTP\(82\)=1)p Fw(.)0 3828 y Fq(PARP\(82\))53 |
| | 38579 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.55)29 b(GeV/)p Fj(c)p Fw(\))g(regularization)e(scale) |
| | 38580 | j Fj(p)2198 3843 y Fk(?)p Fl(0)2322 3828 y Fw(of)g(the)g(transv)m(erse) |
| | 38581 | i(momen)m(tum)d(sp)s(ec-)472 3936 y(trum)j(for)g(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m |
| | 38582 | (teractions)i(with)h Fq(MSTP\(82\))p Fn(\025)d Fw(2.)0 |
| | 38583 | 4044 y Fq(PARP\(83\),)54 b(PARP\(84\))f(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.5,)29 |
| | 38584 | b(0.2\))g(parameters)g(of)g(an)h(assumed)g(double)f(Gaussian)g(matter) |
| | 38585 | 472 4153 y(distribution)i(inside)i(the)g(colliding)d(hadrons)j(for)g |
| | 38586 | Fq(MSTP\(82\)=4)p Fw(,)i(of)e(the)g(form)f(giv)m(en)h(in)472 |
| | 38587 | 4261 y(eq.)26 b(\(165\),)g(i.e.)40 b(with)25 b(a)f(core)i(of)e(radius)h |
| | 38588 | Fq(PARP\(84\))h Fw(of)f(the)g(main)e(radius)i(and)g(con)m(taining)472 |
| | 38589 | 4369 y(a)33 b(fraction)e Fq(PARP\(83\))k Fw(of)d(the)h(total)e |
| | 38590 | (hadronic)h(matter.)0 4478 y Fq(PARP\(85\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 38591 | b Fw(\(D=0.33\))42 b(probabilit)m(y)f(that)i(an)g(additional)e(in)m |
| | 38592 | (teraction)h(in)h(the)g(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(ter-)472 4586 |
| | 38593 | y(action)34 b(formalism)e(giv)m(es)j(t)m(w)m(o)g(gluons,)g(with)g |
| | 38594 | (colour)f(connections)h(to)g(`nearest)g(neigh-)472 4694 |
| | 38595 | y(b)s(ours')e(in)f(momen)m(tum)f(space.)0 4803 y Fq(PARP\(86\))53 |
| | 38596 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.66\))32 b(probabilit)m(y)f(that)i(an)g(additional)d |
| | 38597 | (in)m(teraction)i(in)g(the)h(m)m(ultiple)e(in)m(terac-)472 |
| | 38598 | 4911 y(tion)c(formalism)e(giv)m(es)j(t)m(w)m(o)g(gluons,)h(either)e(as) |
| | 38599 | h(describ)s(ed)h(in)e Fq(PARP\(85\))j Fw(or)e(as)g(a)f(closed)472 |
| | 38600 | 5019 y(gluon)47 b(lo)s(op.)88 b(Remaining)45 b(fraction)i(is)g(supp)s |
| | 38601 | (osed)j(to)d(consist)h(of)g(quark{an)m(tiquark)472 5128 |
| | 38602 | y(pairs.)0 5236 y Fq(PARP\(87\),)54 b(PARP\(88\))f(:)48 |
| | 38603 | b Fw(\(D=0.7,)37 b(0.5\))g(in)g(order)g(to)g(accoun)m(t)h(for)f(an)g |
| | 38604 | (assumed)h(dominance)f(of)472 5344 y(v)-5 b(alence)28 |
| | 38605 | b(quarks)h(at)f(lo)m(w)f(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum)c(scales,)j(a)e |
| | 38606 | (probabilit)m(y)f(is)h(in)m(tro)s(duced)472 5453 y(that)36 |
| | 38607 | b(a)g(gg)q(-scattering)f(according)h(to)g(na)-11 b(\177)-38 |
| | 38608 | b(\020v)m(e)36 b(cross)h(section)f(is)g(replaced)g(b)m(y)h(a)f(q)p |
| | 38609 | 3518 5400 52 4 v(q)h(one;)472 5561 y(this)i(is)g(used)i(only)d(for)h |
| | 38610 | Fq(MSTP\(82\))p Fn(\025)j Fw(2.)63 b(The)40 b(probabilit)m(y)d(is)i |
| | 38611 | (parametrized)g(as)g Fn(P)48 b Fw(=)1817 5953 y(227)p |
| | 38612 | eop |
| | 38613 | %%Page: 228 234 |
| | 38614 | 228 233 bop 472 -18 a Fj(a)p Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fw(\()p |
| | 38615 | Fj(p)819 -55 y Fl(2)819 6 y Fk(?)878 -18 y Fj(=)p Fw(\()p |
| | 38616 | Fj(p)1014 -55 y Fl(2)1014 6 y Fk(?)1095 -18 y Fw(+)f |
| | 38617 | Fj(b)1234 -55 y Fl(2)1274 -18 y Fw(\))1312 -55 y Fl(2)1351 |
| | 38618 | -18 y Fw(\),)33 b(where)h Fj(a)27 b Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(87\))35 |
| | 38619 | b Fw(and)e Fj(b)28 b Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(88\))p Fn(\002)p |
| | 38620 | Fq(PARP\(82\))p Fw(.)0 90 y Fq(PARP\(91\))53 b(:)48 b |
| | 38621 | Fw(\(D=0.44)41 b(GeV/)p Fj(c)p Fw(\))h(\(C\))h(width)g(of)f(Gaussian)g |
| | 38622 | (primordial)d Fj(k)2892 105 y Fk(?)2993 90 y Fw(distribution)i(inside) |
| | 38623 | 472 198 y(hadron)52 b(for)e Fq(MSTP\(91\)=1)p Fw(,)59 |
| | 38624 | b(i.e.)99 b(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p Fj(k)2127 162 y Fl(2)2124 |
| | 38625 | 223 y Fk(?)2183 198 y Fj(=\033)2291 162 y Fl(2)2330 198 |
| | 38626 | y Fw(\))17 b Fj(k)2436 213 y Fk(?)2511 198 y Fw(d)p Fj(k)2616 |
| | 38627 | 213 y Fk(?)2726 198 y Fw(with)51 b Fj(\033)63 b Fw(=)p |
| | 38628 | Fq(PARP\(91\))53 b Fw(and)472 307 y Fn(h)p Fj(k)565 270 |
| | 38629 | y Fl(2)562 331 y Fk(?)621 307 y Fn(i)27 b Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(91\))1171 |
| | 38630 | 270 y Fl(2)1213 307 y Fw(.)0 415 y Fq(PARP\(92\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 38631 | b Fw(\(D=0.20)24 b(GeV/)p Fj(c)p Fw(\))g(\(C\))i(width)f(parameter)f |
| | 38632 | (of)h(exp)s(onen)m(tial)g(primordial)c Fj(k)3332 430 |
| | 38633 | y Fk(?)3416 415 y Fw(distribu-)472 523 y(tion)26 b(inside)f(hadron)i |
| | 38634 | (for)f Fq(MSTP\(91\)=2)p Fw(,)k(i.e.)41 b(exp)q(\()p |
| | 38635 | Fn(\000)p Fj(k)2453 538 y Fk(?)2512 523 y Fj(=\033)t |
| | 38636 | Fw(\))17 b Fj(k)2726 538 y Fk(?)2801 523 y Fw(d)p Fj(k)2906 |
| | 38637 | 538 y Fk(?)2991 523 y Fw(with)26 b Fj(\033)32 b Fw(=)p |
| | 38638 | Fq(PARP\(92\))472 646 y Fw(and)k Fn(h)p Fj(k)758 610 |
| | 38639 | y Fl(2)755 671 y Fk(?)814 646 y Fn(i)d Fw(=)g(6)p Fn(\002)p |
| | 38640 | Fq(PARP\(92\))1529 610 y Fl(2)1571 646 y Fw(.)53 b(Th)m(us)38 |
| | 38641 | b(one)e(should)g(put)g Fq(PARP\(92\))p Fn(\031)p Fq(PARP\(91\))p |
| | 38642 | Fj(=)3521 564 y Fn(p)p 3608 564 49 4 v 3608 646 a Fw(6)g(to)472 |
| | 38643 | 755 y(ha)m(v)m(e)e(con)m(tin)m(uit)m(y)f(with)f(the)h(option)f(ab)s(o)m |
| | 38644 | (v)m(e.)0 863 y Fq(PARP\(93\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2.)110 |
| | 38645 | b(GeV/)p Fj(c)p Fw(\))55 b(\(C\))h(upp)s(er)g(cut-o\013)f(for)f |
| | 38646 | (primordial)e Fj(k)2867 878 y Fk(?)2981 863 y Fw(distribution)h(inside) |
| | 38647 | 472 971 y(hadron.)0 1080 y Fq(PARP\(94\))g(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))71 |
| | 38648 | b(\(C\))43 b(for)f Fq(MSTP\(92\))p Fn(\025)k Fw(2)c(this)g(giv)m(es)h |
| | 38649 | (the)g(v)-5 b(alue)41 b(of)h(the)h(parameter)f Fj(k)j |
| | 38650 | Fw(for)472 1188 y(the)31 b(case)g(when)h(a)e(meson)g(or)g(resolv)m(ed)i |
| | 38651 | (photon)e(remnan)m(t)g(is)g(split)f(in)m(to)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(fragmen)m(ts) |
| | 38652 | 472 1296 y(\(whic)m(h)i(is)g(whic)m(h)g(is)f(c)m(hosen)i(at)e |
| | 38653 | (random\).)0 1405 y Fq(PARP\(95\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.\))h(\(C\))36 |
| | 38654 | b(for)e Fq(MSTP\(94\)=2)k Fw(this)c(giv)m(es)i(the)f(v)-5 |
| | 38655 | b(alue)34 b(of)h(the)g(parameter)g Fj(k)j Fw(for)c(the)472 |
| | 38656 | 1513 y(case)43 b(when)f(a)f(meson)h(or)f(resolv)m(ed)h(photon)f(remnan) |
| | 38657 | m(t)g(is)g(split)f(in)m(to)h(a)g(meson)g(and)h(a)472 |
| | 38658 | 1621 y(sp)s(ectator)33 b(fragmen)m(t)e(jet,)h(with)f |
| | 38659 | Fj(\037)h Fw(giving)e(the)i(energy)h(fraction)e(tak)m(en)h(b)m(y)h(the) |
| | 38660 | f(meson.)0 1730 y Fq(PARP\(96\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=3.\))42 |
| | 38661 | b(\(C\))32 b(for)e Fq(MSTP\(92\))p Fn(\025)h Fw(2)g(this)f(giv)m(es)i |
| | 38662 | (the)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f(the)i(parameter)f Fj(k)j |
| | 38663 | Fw(for)d(the)472 1838 y(case)43 b(when)f(a)g(n)m(ucleon)g(remnan)m(t)f |
| | 38664 | (is)g(split)f(in)m(to)h(a)g(diquark)h(and)g(a)f(quark)h(fragmen)m(t,) |
| | 38665 | 472 1947 y(with)33 b Fj(\037)f Fw(giving)f(the)i(energy)h(fraction)d |
| | 38666 | (tak)m(en)j(b)m(y)f(the)g(quark)h(jet.)0 2055 y Fq(PARP\(97\))53 |
| | 38667 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))h(\(C\))36 b(for)e Fq(MSTP\(94\)=2)k |
| | 38668 | Fw(this)c(giv)m(es)i(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(of)h(the)g(parameter)g |
| | 38669 | Fj(k)j Fw(for)c(the)472 2163 y(case)c(when)h(a)e(n)m(ucleon)g(remnan)m |
| | 38670 | (t)g(is)g(split)f(in)m(to)g(a)h(bary)m(on)h(and)f(a)g(quark)h(jet)f(or) |
| | 38671 | g(a)f(meson)472 2272 y(and)k(a)g(diquark)f(jet,)h(with)g |
| | 38672 | Fj(\037)f Fw(giving)f(the)i(energy)h(fraction)d(tak)m(en)j(b)m(y)g(the) |
| | 38673 | f(quark)g(jet)g(or)472 2380 y(meson,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 38674 | b(.)0 2488 y Fq(PARP\(98\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.75\))28 |
| | 38675 | b(\(C\))h(for)f Fq(MSTP\(92\)=5)k Fw(this)d(giv)m(es)g(the)g(p)s(o)m(w) |
| | 38676 | m(er)h(of)f(an)g(assumed)h(basic)f(1)p Fj(=\037)3746 |
| | 38677 | 2452 y Fh(b)472 2597 y Fw(b)s(eha)m(viour)k(in)f(the)h(splitting)d |
| | 38678 | (distribution,)h(with)h Fj(b)c Fw(=)p Fq(PARP\(98\))p |
| | 38679 | Fw(.)0 2705 y Fq(PARP\(99\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.44)36 |
| | 38680 | b(GeV/)p Fj(c)p Fw(\))h(\(C\))h(width)f(parameter)g(of)g(primordial)d |
| | 38681 | Fj(k)2903 2720 y Fk(?)2999 2705 y Fw(distribution)h(inside)472 |
| | 38682 | 2813 y(photon;)e(exact)h(meaning)d(dep)s(ends)j(on)f |
| | 38683 | Fq(MSTP\(93\))i Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(c)m(hosen)i(\(cf.)44 |
| | 38684 | b Fq(PARP\(91\))34 b Fw(and)472 2922 y Fq(PARP\(92\))h |
| | 38685 | Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e\).)0 3030 y Fq(PARP\(100\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 38686 | b Fw(\(D=2.)42 b(GeV/)p Fj(c)p Fw(\))30 b(\(C\))g(upp)s(er)g(cut-o\013) |
| | 38687 | g(for)f(primordial)e Fj(k)2698 3045 y Fk(?)2786 3030 |
| | 38688 | y Fw(distribution)h(inside)i(pho-)472 3138 y(ton.)0 3247 |
| | 38689 | y Fq(PARP\(131\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.01)22 b(m)m(b)1129 |
| | 38690 | 3210 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1224 3247 y Fw(\))h(in)g(the)h(pile-up)e(ev)m(en) |
| | 38691 | m(ts)k(scenario,)g Fq(PARP\(131\))g Fw(giv)m(es)e(the)g(assumed)472 |
| | 38692 | 3355 y(luminosit)m(y)35 b(p)s(er)i(bunc)m(h{bunc)m(h)i(crossing,)e |
| | 38693 | (i.e.)55 b(if)36 b(a)g(subpro)s(cess)j(has)e(a)f(cross)h(section)472 |
| | 38694 | 3463 y Fj(\033)t Fw(,)52 b(the)c(a)m(v)m(erage)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)f |
| | 38695 | (ev)m(en)m(ts)k(of)c(this)g(t)m(yp)s(e)i(p)s(er)f(bunc)m(h{bunc)m(h)i |
| | 38696 | (crossing)e(is)p 472 3519 59 4 v 472 3572 a Fj(n)41 b |
| | 38697 | Fw(=)f Fj(\033)t Fn(\002)p Fq(PARP\(131\))p Fw(.)69 b |
| | 38698 | Fq(PARP\(131\))42 b Fw(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(obtained)f(b)m(y)i(dividing)d |
| | 38699 | (the)j(in)m(tegrated)472 3680 y(luminosit)m(y)23 b(o)m(v)m(er)j(a)e |
| | 38700 | (giv)m(en)h(time)e(\(1)h(s,)j(sa)m(y\))e(b)m(y)h(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er) |
| | 38701 | g(of)f(bunc)m(h{bunc)m(h)j(crossings)472 3788 y(that)35 |
| | 38702 | b(this)g(corresp)s(onds)h(to.)51 b(Since)35 b(the)h(program)d(will)g |
| | 38703 | (not)i(generate)h(more)e(than)h(200)472 3897 y(pile-up)d(ev)m(en)m(ts,) |
| | 38704 | j(the)e(initialization)27 b(pro)s(cedure)33 b(will)d(crash)k(if)p |
| | 38705 | 2839 3844 V 31 w Fj(n)f Fw(is)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(120.)1817 |
| | 38706 | 5953 y(228)p eop |
| | 38707 | %%Page: 229 235 |
| | 38708 | 229 234 bop 0 -18 a Ft(12)161 b(F)-13 b(ragmen)l(tation)0 |
| | 38709 | 189 y Fw(The)39 b(main)e(fragmen)m(tation)g(option)g(in)h |
| | 38710 | Fm(Jetset/Pythia)f Fw(is)h(the)h(Lund)g(string)f(sc)m(heme,)j(but)e |
| | 38711 | (in-)0 297 y(dep)s(enden)m(t)h(fragmen)m(tation)35 b(options)j(are)f |
| | 38712 | (also)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)57 b(These)39 b(latter)e(options)g(should)h |
| | 38713 | (not)f(b)s(e)0 405 y(tak)m(en)42 b(to)s(o)f(seriously)-8 |
| | 38714 | b(,)43 b(since)e(w)m(e)i(kno)m(w)f(that)f(indep)s(enden)m(t)h(fragmen)m |
| | 38715 | (tation)e(do)s(es)h(not)g(pro)m(vide)h(a)0 514 y(consisten)m(t)47 |
| | 38716 | b(alternativ)m(e,)i(but)d(o)s(ccasionally)e(one)i(ma)m(y)g(lik)m(e)g |
| | 38717 | (to)f(compare)h(string)f(fragmen)m(tation)0 622 y(with)32 |
| | 38718 | b(something)g(else.)146 730 y(The)e(subsequen)m(t)i(four)d(subsections) |
| | 38719 | h(giv)m(e)f(further)g(details;)g(the)h(\014rst)f(one)g(on)g(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 38720 | (our)h(selection,)0 839 y(whic)m(h)39 b(is)f(common)f(to)i(the)g(t)m(w) |
| | 38721 | m(o)g(approac)m(hes,)i(the)f(second)f(on)g(string)f(fragmen)m(tation,)g |
| | 38722 | (the)h(third)0 947 y(on)d(indep)s(enden)m(t)h(fragmen)m(tation,)e |
| | 38723 | (while)f(the)j(fourth)e(and)h(\014nal)f(con)m(tains)h(information)d(on) |
| | 38724 | i(a)h(few)0 1055 y(other)d(minor)e(issues.)146 1164 y(The)k(Lund)g |
| | 38725 | (fragmen)m(tation)d(mo)s(del)g(is)h(describ)s(ed)i(in)e([And83],)i |
| | 38726 | (where)g(all)d(the)i(basic)g(ideas)f(are)0 1272 y(presen)m(ted)39 |
| | 38727 | b(and)f(earlier)d(pap)s(ers)j([And79,)f(And80,)g(And82,)h(And82a)o(])g |
| | 38728 | (summarized.)56 b(The)38 b(details)0 1380 y(giv)m(en)47 |
| | 38729 | b(there)h(on)e(ho)m(w)i(a)f(m)m(ultiparton)d(jet)j(system)h(is)e(allo)m |
| | 38730 | (w)m(ed)g(to)h(fragmen)m(t)f(are)h(out)g(of)f(date,)0 |
| | 38731 | 1489 y(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)40 b(and)d(for)f(this)g(one)h(should)f(turn)h |
| | 38732 | (to)f([Sj\177)-49 b(o84)o(].)56 b(Also)36 b(the)h(`p)s(op)s(corn')f |
| | 38733 | (bary)m(on)h(pro)s(duction)0 1597 y(mec)m(hanism)31 b(is)h(not)f(co)m |
| | 38734 | (v)m(ered,)k(see)e([And85].)43 b(Reviews)33 b(of)e(fragmen)m(tation)f |
| | 38735 | (mo)s(dels)h(in)g(general)h(ma)m(y)0 1705 y(b)s(e)h(found)f(in)g |
| | 38736 | ([Sj\177)-49 b(o88,)32 b(Sj\177)-49 b(o89].)0 1979 y |
| | 38737 | Fp(12.1)136 b(Fla)l(v)l(our)45 b(Selection)0 2152 y Fw(In)37 |
| | 38738 | b(either)g(string)f(or)g(indep)s(enden)m(t)i(fragmen)m(tation,)e(an)h |
| | 38739 | (iterativ)m(e)f(approac)m(h)h(is)f(used)i(to)f(describ)s(e)0 |
| | 38740 | 2260 y(the)e(fragmen)m(tation)d(pro)s(cess.)50 b(Giv)m(en)34 |
| | 38741 | b(an)g(initial)d(quark)k(q)c(=)g(q)2406 2275 y Fl(0)2446 |
| | 38742 | 2260 y Fw(,)j(it)g(is)f(assumed)i(that)f(a)g(new)i(q)3649 |
| | 38743 | 2275 y Fl(1)p 3689 2207 52 4 v 3689 2260 a Fw(q)3740 |
| | 38744 | 2284 y Fl(1)0 2369 y Fw(pair)e(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(created,)i(suc)m(h)f |
| | 38745 | (that)f(a)g(meson)g(q)1796 2384 y Fl(0)p 1836 2316 V |
| | 38746 | 1836 2369 a Fw(q)1887 2392 y Fl(1)1962 2369 y Fw(is)f(formed,)h(and)g |
| | 38747 | (a)g(q)2747 2384 y Fl(1)2822 2369 y Fw(is)f(left)h(b)s(ehind.)50 |
| | 38748 | b(This)36 b(q)3740 2384 y Fl(1)0 2477 y Fw(ma)m(y)29 |
| | 38749 | b(at)f(a)h(later)f(stage)h(pair)f(o\013)h(with)f(a)p |
| | 38750 | 1499 2424 V 29 w(q)1550 2500 y Fl(2)1590 2477 y Fw(,)i(and)f(so)g(on.) |
| | 38751 | 42 b(What)29 b(need)h(b)s(e)f(giv)m(en)g(is)g(th)m(us)h(the)f(relativ)m |
| | 38752 | (e)0 2595 y(probabilities)k(to)i(pro)s(duce)i(the)f(v)-5 |
| | 38753 | b(arious)35 b(p)s(ossible)g(q)1988 2610 y Fh(i)p 2016 |
| | 38754 | 2542 V 2016 2595 a Fw(q)2068 2618 y Fh(i)2132 2595 y |
| | 38755 | Fw(pairs,)h(u)p 2456 2542 55 4 v(u,)h(d)p 2628 2515 V(d,)g(s)p |
| | 38756 | 2784 2542 39 4 v(s,)g(etc.,)g(and)f(the)g(relativ)m(e)0 |
| | 38757 | 2703 y(probilities)30 b(that)i(a)g(giv)m(en)h(q)1054 |
| | 38758 | 2718 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)p 1173 2650 52 4 v 1173 |
| | 38759 | 2703 a Fw(q)1224 2726 y Fh(i)1285 2703 y Fw(quark)g(pair)f(com)m |
| | 38760 | (bination)e(forms)i(a)h(sp)s(eci\014c)g(meson,)f(e.g.)44 |
| | 38761 | b(for)32 b(u)p 3725 2650 55 4 v(u)0 2811 y(either)g Fj(\031)335 |
| | 38762 | 2775 y Fl(+)394 2811 y Fw(,)h Fj(\032)504 2775 y Fl(+)596 |
| | 38763 | 2811 y Fw(or)f(some)g(higher)h(state.)146 2920 y(In)c |
| | 38764 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)f(it)f(is)h(assumed)h(that)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(asp)s |
| | 38765 | (ects)g(can)f(b)s(e)h(factorized,)g(i.e.)41 b(that)28 |
| | 38766 | b(it)f(is)h(p)s(ossible)0 3028 y(\014rst)42 b(to)g(select)g(a)g(q)756 |
| | 38767 | 3043 y Fh(i)p 785 2975 52 4 v 785 3028 a Fw(q)836 3051 |
| | 38768 | y Fh(i)906 3028 y Fw(pair,)h(without)f(an)m(y)g(reference)i(to)d(allo)m |
| | 38769 | (w)m(ed)g(ph)m(ysical)h(meson)g(states,)j(and)0 3136 |
| | 38770 | y(that,)40 b(once)f(the)h(q)700 3151 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p |
| | 38771 | Fl(1)p 818 3083 V 818 3136 a Fw(q)870 3160 y Fh(i)937 |
| | 38772 | 3136 y Fw(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(com)m(bination)e(is)h(giv)m(en,)i(it)e(can) |
| | 38773 | h(b)s(e)g(assigned)g(to)f(a)h(giv)m(en)f(meson)0 3245 |
| | 38774 | y(state)33 b(with)f(total)f(probabilit)m(y)g(unit)m(y)-8 |
| | 38775 | b(.)0 3492 y Fo(12.1.1)113 b(Quark)38 b(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g(and)g |
| | 38776 | (transv)m(erse)g(momen)m(ta)0 3665 y Fw(In)j(order)f(to)g(generate)h |
| | 38777 | (the)f(quark{an)m(tiquark)h(pairs)f(q)2132 3680 y Fh(i)p |
| | 38778 | 2161 3612 V 2161 3665 a Fw(q)2212 3689 y Fh(i)2280 3665 |
| | 38779 | y Fw(whic)m(h)h(lead)f(to)g(string)f(breakups,)44 b(the)0 |
| | 38780 | 3773 y(Lund)33 b(mo)s(del)d(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)k(the)f(idea)e(of)h(quan)m |
| | 38781 | (tum)h(mec)m(hanical)e(tunnelling,)f(as)j(follo)m(ws.)42 |
| | 38782 | b(If)32 b(the)h(q)3562 3788 y Fh(i)3622 3773 y Fw(and)p |
| | 38783 | 0 3829 V 0 3882 a(q)51 3905 y Fh(i)106 3882 y Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)28 |
| | 38784 | b(no)f(\(common\))e(mass)i(or)f(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum,)e(the)g |
| | 38785 | (pair)f(can)h(classically)d(b)s(e)j(created)h(at)0 3990 |
| | 38786 | y(one)e(p)s(oin)m(t)f(and)h(then)g(b)s(e)g(pulled)f(apart)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 38787 | (the)h(\014eld.)41 b(If)26 b(the)g(quarks)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(mass)f(and/or) |
| | 38788 | f(transv)m(erse)0 4098 y(momen)m(tum,)32 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)k(the)e(q) |
| | 38789 | 1162 4113 y Fh(i)1224 4098 y Fw(and)p 1414 4046 V 33 |
| | 38790 | w(q)1466 4122 y Fh(i)1527 4098 y Fw(m)m(ust)g(classically)d(b)s(e)j |
| | 38791 | (pro)s(duced)g(at)f(a)g(certain)g(distance)g(so)0 4207 |
| | 38792 | y(that)28 b(the)g(\014eld)g(energy)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(them)d(can)h(b) |
| | 38793 | s(e)g(transformed)g(in)m(to)f(the)h(sum)g(of)f(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)f |
| | 38794 | (transv)m(erse)0 4315 y(masses)f Fj(m)400 4330 y Fk(?)459 |
| | 38795 | 4315 y Fw(.)41 b(Quan)m(tum)26 b(mec)m(hanically)-8 b(,)25 |
| | 38796 | b(the)i(quarks)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(created)h(in)e(one)h(p)s(oin)m(t)f |
| | 38797 | (\(so)h(as)g(to)g(k)m(eep)0 4423 y(the)37 b(concept)g(of)f(lo)s(cal)d |
| | 38798 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)k(conserv)-5 b(ation\))36 b(and)h(then)g(tunnel)f(out) |
| | 38799 | g(to)f(the)i(classically)d(allo)m(w)m(ed)0 4532 y(region.)61 |
| | 38800 | b(In)39 b(terms)f(of)g(a)h(common)e(transv)m(erse)k(mass)d |
| | 38801 | Fj(m)2153 4547 y Fk(?)2251 4532 y Fw(of)g(the)h(q)2593 |
| | 38802 | 4547 y Fh(i)2661 4532 y Fw(and)f(the)p 3031 4479 V 40 |
| | 38803 | w(q)3082 4555 y Fh(i)3110 4532 y Fw(,)i(the)f(tunnelling)0 |
| | 38804 | 4640 y(probabilit)m(y)31 b(is)h(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)909 |
| | 38805 | 4917 y(exp)1075 4771 y Fg( )1140 4917 y Fn(\000)1227 |
| | 38806 | 4849 y Fj(\031)t(m)1371 4813 y Fl(2)1371 4874 y Fk(?)p |
| | 38807 | 1227 4894 204 4 v 1301 4985 a Fj(\024)1441 4771 y Fg(!)1535 |
| | 38808 | 4917 y Fw(=)27 b(exp)1804 4771 y Fg( )1869 4917 y Fn(\000)1956 |
| | 38809 | 4849 y Fj(\031)t(m)2100 4813 y Fl(2)p 1956 4894 184 4 |
| | 38810 | v 2021 4985 a Fj(\024)2151 4771 y Fg(!)2233 4917 y Fw(exp)2398 |
| | 38811 | 4771 y Fg( )2464 4917 y Fn(\000)2551 4849 y Fj(\031)t(p)2659 |
| | 38812 | 4813 y Fl(2)2659 4874 y Fk(?)p 2551 4894 167 4 v 2607 |
| | 38813 | 4985 a Fj(\024)2729 4771 y Fg(!)2843 4917 y Fj(:)687 |
| | 38814 | b Fw(\(175\))146 5194 y(The)32 b(factorization)d(of)h(the)h(transv)m |
| | 38815 | (erse)i(momen)m(tum)d(and)h(the)g(mass)g(terms)f(leads)h(to)g(a)f |
| | 38816 | (\015a)m(v)m(our-)0 5302 y(indep)s(enden)m(t)42 b(Gaussian)e(sp)s |
| | 38817 | (ectrum)h(for)f(the)h Fj(p)1804 5317 y Fh(x)1888 5302 |
| | 38818 | y Fw(and)g Fj(p)2135 5317 y Fh(y)2217 5302 y Fw(comp)s(onen)m(ts)g(of)f |
| | 38819 | (q)2932 5317 y Fh(i)p 2960 5249 52 4 v 2960 5302 a Fw(q)3012 |
| | 38820 | 5325 y Fh(i)3080 5302 y Fw(pairs.)67 b(Since)41 b(the)0 |
| | 38821 | 5410 y(string)23 b(is)h(assumed)g(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(no)f(transv)m(erse) |
| | 38822 | i(excitations,)f(this)f Fj(p)2389 5425 y Fk(?)2471 5410 |
| | 38823 | y Fw(is)g(lo)s(cally)d(comp)s(ensated)j(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)0 |
| | 38824 | 5519 y(the)32 b(quark)h(and)f(the)g(an)m(tiquark)g(of)g(the)g(pair.)42 |
| | 38825 | b(The)33 b Fj(p)2005 5534 y Fk(?)2096 5519 y Fw(of)e(a)h(meson)g(q)2636 |
| | 38826 | 5534 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)p 2754 5466 V 2754 5519 |
| | 38827 | a Fw(q)2806 5542 y Fh(i)2866 5519 y Fw(is)f(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)h(the)f(v) |
| | 38828 | m(ector)0 5627 y(sum)c(of)f(the)i Fj(p)521 5642 y Fk(?)580 |
| | 38829 | 5627 y Fw(:s)f(of)g(the)g(q)994 5642 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p |
| | 38830 | Fl(1)1141 5627 y Fw(and)p 1326 5574 V 28 w(q)1377 5651 |
| | 38831 | y Fh(i)1433 5627 y Fw(constituen)m(ts,)j(whic)m(h)d(implies)e |
| | 38832 | (Gaussians)i(in)f Fj(p)3215 5642 y Fh(x)3286 5627 y Fw(and)i |
| | 38833 | Fj(p)3521 5642 y Fh(y)3590 5627 y Fw(with)1817 5953 y(229)p |
| | 38834 | eop |
| | 38835 | %%Page: 230 236 |
| | 38836 | 230 235 bop 0 -18 a Fw(a)33 b(width)359 -100 y Fn(p)p |
| | 38837 | 442 -100 49 4 v 82 x Fw(2)g(that)g(of)g(the)h(quarks)g(themselv)m(es.) |
| | 38838 | 47 b(The)34 b(assumption)f(of)g(a)g(Gaussian)f(shap)s(e)i(ma)m(y)f(b)s |
| | 38839 | (e)0 90 y(a)h(go)s(o)s(d)f(\014rst)h(appro)m(ximation,)f(but)h(there)h |
| | 38840 | (remains)e(the)i(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)d(of)h(non-Gaussian)h(tails,)f(that) |
| | 38841 | 0 198 y(can)g(b)s(e)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)d(in)i(some)g(situations.)146 |
| | 38842 | 307 y(In)24 b(a)e(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)i(QCD)f(framew)m(ork,)i(a)e(hard)g |
| | 38843 | (scattering)f(is)h(asso)s(ciated)g(with)g(gluon)f(radiation,)0 |
| | 38844 | 415 y(and)40 b(further)g(con)m(tributions)f(to)h(what)g(is)g(na)-11 |
| | 38845 | b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(ely)39 b(called)g(fragmen)m(tation)f |
| | 38846 | Fj(p)2926 430 y Fk(?)3025 415 y Fw(comes)i(from)e(unre-)0 |
| | 38847 | 523 y(solv)m(ed)c(radiation.)43 b(This)33 b(is)f(used)j(as)e(an)g |
| | 38848 | (explanation)f(wh)m(y)i(the)g(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)e Fn(h)p |
| | 38849 | Fj(p)3127 538 y Fk(?)3186 523 y Fn(i)h Fw(is)f(somewhat)0 |
| | 38850 | 632 y(higher)g(than)h(obtained)f(with)g(the)h(form)m(ula)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
| | 38851 | (e.)146 740 y(The)45 b(form)m(ula)c(also)h(implies)f(a)i(suppression)i |
| | 38852 | (of)e(hea)m(vy)i(quark)f(pro)s(duction)f Fj(u)i Fw(:)h |
| | 38853 | Fj(d)g Fw(:)g Fj(s)g Fw(:)g Fj(c)g Fn(\031)0 848 y Fw(1)27 |
| | 38854 | b(:)h(1)g(:)f(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(3)h(:)g(10)568 812 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 38855 | Fl(11)697 848 y Fw(.)41 b(Charm)24 b(and)h(hea)m(vier)h(quarks)g(are)f |
| | 38856 | (hence)h(not)f(exp)s(ected)i(to)e(b)s(e)g(pro)s(duced)h(in)e(the)0 |
| | 38857 | 957 y(soft)j(fragmen)m(tation.)40 b(Since)28 b(the)f(predicted)h(\015a) |
| | 38858 | m(v)m(our)g(suppressions)h(are)f(in)e(terms)i(of)e(quark)j(masses,)0 |
| | 38859 | 1065 y(whic)m(h)36 b(are)g(notoriously)e(di\016cult)h(to)g(assign)g |
| | 38860 | (\(should)g(it)g(b)s(e)h(curren)m(t)g(algebra,)g(or)f(constituen)m(t,)i |
| | 38861 | (or)0 1173 y(ma)m(yb)s(e)26 b(something)e(in)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een?\),)k |
| | 38862 | (the)d(suppression)h(of)e(s)p 2171 1120 39 4 v(s)h(pro)s(duction)f(is)g |
| | 38863 | (left)g(as)h(a)f(free)h(parameter)0 1292 y(in)g(the)h(program:)39 |
| | 38864 | b(u)p 749 1239 55 4 v(u)27 b(:)40 b(d)p 951 1213 V(d)27 |
| | 38865 | b(:)41 b(s)p 1138 1239 39 4 v(s)27 b(=)g(1)f(:)40 b(1)27 |
| | 38866 | b(:)40 b Fj(\015)1642 1307 y Fh(s)1679 1292 y Fw(,)27 |
| | 38867 | b(where)h(b)m(y)g(default)e Fj(\015)2512 1307 y Fh(s)2576 |
| | 38868 | 1292 y Fw(=)h(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(3.)41 b(A)m(t)27 b(least)f(qualitativ)m |
| | 38869 | (ely)-8 b(,)0 1401 y(the)31 b(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)f(v)-5 |
| | 38870 | b(alue)30 b(agrees)h(with)g(theoretical)e(prejudice.)43 |
| | 38871 | b(There)32 b(is)e(no)h(pro)s(duction)f(at)g(all)f(of)0 |
| | 38872 | 1509 y(hea)m(vier)k(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h(in)e(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)d |
| | 38873 | (pro)s(cess,)k(but)f(only)f(as)h(part)f(of)g(the)h(sho)m(w)m(er)i(ev)m |
| | 38874 | (olution.)0 1757 y Fo(12.1.2)113 b(Meson)38 b(pro)s(duction)0 |
| | 38875 | 1929 y Fw(Once)e(the)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h(q)838 1944 |
| | 38876 | y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)992 1929 y Fw(and)p 1184 1877 |
| | 38877 | 52 4 v 35 w(q)1236 1953 y Fh(i)1299 1929 y Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)f |
| | 38878 | (selected,)h(a)e(c)m(hoice)h(is)f(made)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)f(p)s |
| | 38879 | (ossible)0 2038 y(m)m(ultiplets.)42 b(The)34 b(relativ)m(e)e(comp)s |
| | 38880 | (osition)e(of)i(di\013eren)m(t)h(m)m(ultiplets)e(is)h(not)h(giv)m(en)f |
| | 38881 | (from)g(\014rst)h(princi-)0 2146 y(ples,)26 b(but)e(m)m(ust)g(dep)s |
| | 38882 | (end)h(on)e(the)h(details)f(of)g(the)i(fragmen)m(tation)c(pro)s(cess.) |
| | 38883 | 42 b(T)-8 b(o)24 b(some)g(appro)m(ximation)0 2254 y(one)37 |
| | 38884 | b(w)m(ould)f(exp)s(ect)i(a)e(negligible)d(fraction)j(of)f(states)j |
| | 38885 | (with)e(radial)e(excitations)i(or)g(non-v)-5 b(anishing)0 |
| | 38886 | 2363 y(orbital)34 b(angular)h(momen)m(tum.)53 b(Spin)35 |
| | 38887 | b(coun)m(ting)h(argumen)m(ts)h(w)m(ould)f(then)h(suggest)g(a)e(3:1)h |
| | 38888 | (mixture)0 2471 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)f(lo)m(w)m(est)g(lying)e(v)m |
| | 38889 | (ector)i(and)g(pseudoscalar)g(m)m(ultiplets.)52 b(W)-8 |
| | 38890 | b(a)m(v)m(e)38 b(function)e(o)m(v)m(erlap)g(ar-)0 2579 |
| | 38891 | y(gumen)m(ts)d(lead)f(to)h(a)f(relativ)m(e)g(enhancemen)m(t)i(of)e(the) |
| | 38892 | h(ligh)m(ter)f(pseudoscalar)h(states,)h(whic)m(h)f(is)f(more)0 |
| | 38893 | 2688 y(pronounced)i(the)f(larger)e(the)i(mass)g(splitting)d(is)i |
| | 38894 | ([And82a].)146 2796 y(In)g(the)g(program,)e(six)i(meson)f(m)m |
| | 38895 | (ultiplets)e(are)j(included.)43 b(If)31 b(the)h(nonrelativistic)d |
| | 38896 | (classi\014cation)0 2904 y(sc)m(heme)38 b(is)f(used,)i(i.e.)56 |
| | 38897 | b(mesons)38 b(are)f(assigned)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alence)37 b(quark)g(spin)g |
| | 38898 | Fj(S)43 b Fw(and)37 b(an)g(in)m(ternal)f(orbital)0 3013 |
| | 38899 | y(angular)27 b(momen)m(tum)g Fj(L)p Fw(,)j(with)e(the)h(ph)m(ysical)g |
| | 38900 | (spin)f Fj(s)h Fw(denoted)g Fj(J)9 b Fw(,)30 b Fo(J)d |
| | 38901 | Fw(=)h Fo(L)14 b Fw(+)g Fo(S)p Fw(,)29 b(then)h(the)f(m)m(ultiplets)0 |
| | 38902 | 3121 y(are:)145 3234 y Fn(\017)49 b Fj(L)28 b Fw(=)f(0,)33 |
| | 38903 | b Fj(S)g Fw(=)28 b(0,)k Fj(J)37 b Fw(=)28 b(0:)43 b(the)33 |
| | 38904 | b(ordinary)f(pseudoscalar)h(meson)f(m)m(ultiplet;)145 |
| | 38905 | 3352 y Fn(\017)49 b Fj(L)28 b Fw(=)f(0,)33 b Fj(S)g Fw(=)28 |
| | 38906 | b(1,)k Fj(J)37 b Fw(=)28 b(1:)43 b(the)33 b(ordinary)f(v)m(ector)h |
| | 38907 | (meson)g(m)m(ultiplet;)145 3470 y Fn(\017)49 b Fj(L)28 |
| | 38908 | b Fw(=)f(1,)33 b Fj(S)g Fw(=)28 b(0,)k Fj(J)37 b Fw(=)28 |
| | 38909 | b(1:)43 b(an)32 b(axial)f(v)m(ector)j(meson)e(m)m(ultiplet;)145 |
| | 38910 | 3588 y Fn(\017)49 b Fj(L)28 b Fw(=)f(1,)33 b Fj(S)g Fw(=)28 |
| | 38911 | b(1,)k Fj(J)37 b Fw(=)28 b(0:)43 b(the)33 b(scalar)f(meson)g(m)m |
| | 38912 | (ultiplet;)145 3705 y Fn(\017)49 b Fj(L)28 b Fw(=)f(1,)33 |
| | 38913 | b Fj(S)g Fw(=)28 b(1,)k Fj(J)37 b Fw(=)28 b(1:)43 b(another)33 |
| | 38914 | b(axial)d(v)m(ector)k(meson)f(m)m(ultiplet;)d(and)145 |
| | 38915 | 3823 y Fn(\017)49 b Fj(L)28 b Fw(=)f(1,)33 b Fj(S)g Fw(=)28 |
| | 38916 | b(1,)k Fj(J)37 b Fw(=)28 b(2:)43 b(the)33 b(tensor)g(meson)g(m)m |
| | 38917 | (ultiplet.)0 3936 y(Eac)m(h)f(m)m(ultiplet)c(has)j(the)g(full)d |
| | 38918 | (four-generation)i(setup)h(of)f(8)18 b Fn(\002)h Fw(8)30 |
| | 38919 | b(states)i(included)e(in)g(the)h(program,)0 4045 y(although)h(man)m(y)h |
| | 38920 | (could)g(nev)m(er)i(actually)d(b)s(e)i(pro)s(duced.)46 |
| | 38921 | b(Some)33 b(simpli\014cations)d(ha)m(v)m(e)35 b(b)s(een)f(made;)0 |
| | 38922 | 4153 y(th)m(us)g(there)f(is)f(no)g(mixing)f(included)h(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 38923 | (een)j(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)g(axial)e(v)m(ector)i(m)m(ultiplets.)146 |
| | 38924 | 4261 y(In)28 b(the)h(program,)e(the)i(spin)e Fj(S)34 |
| | 38925 | b Fw(is)27 b(\014rst)i(c)m(hosen)g(to)e(b)s(e)i(either)e(0)h(or)f(1.)42 |
| | 38926 | b(This)28 b(is)f(done)i(according)e(to)0 4370 y(parametrized)h(relativ) |
| | 38927 | m(e)h(probabilities,)e(where)k(the)e(probabilit)m(y)e(for)i(spin)g(1)g |
| | 38928 | (b)m(y)h(default)f(is)g(tak)m(en)h(to)0 4478 y(b)s(e)i(0.5)g(for)f(a)h |
| | 38929 | (meson)g(consisting)f(only)g(of)h(u)g(and)g(d)g(quark,)h(0.6)f(for)f |
| | 38930 | (one)h(whic)m(h)h(con)m(tains)f(s)g(as)g(w)m(ell,)0 4586 |
| | 38931 | y(and)h(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(75)f(for)g(quarks)i(with)e(c)h(or)f(hea)m(vier)h |
| | 38932 | (quark,)g(in)f(accordance)i(with)e(the)h(delib)s(erations)e(ab)s(o)m(v) |
| | 38933 | m(e.)146 4695 y(By)j(default,)g(it)e(is)i(assumed)g(that)f |
| | 38934 | Fj(L)d Fw(=)g(0,)k(suc)m(h)h(that)e(only)g(pseudoscalar)h(and)g(v)m |
| | 38935 | (ector)h(mesons)0 4803 y(are)k(pro)s(duced.)64 b(F)-8 |
| | 38936 | b(or)39 b(inclusion)e(of)i Fj(L)g Fw(=)g(1)g(pro)s(duction,)h(four)f |
| | 38937 | (parameters)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(used,)j(one)e(to)0 4911 y(giv)m(e)31 |
| | 38938 | b(the)g(probabilit)m(y)d(that)j(a)f Fj(S)k Fw(=)27 b(0)k(state)g(also)e |
| | 38939 | (has)i Fj(L)e Fw(=)e(1,)k(the)g(other)g(three)g(for)f(the)h(probabilit) |
| | 38940 | m(y)0 5020 y(that)h(a)h Fj(S)g Fw(=)28 b(1)k(state)h(has)g |
| | 38941 | Fj(L)28 b Fw(=)g(1)k(and)g Fj(J)42 b Fw(either)33 b(0,)f(1,)g(or)h(2.) |
| | 38942 | 146 5128 y(F)-8 b(or)40 b(the)i(\015a)m(v)m(our-diagonal)d(meson)i |
| | 38943 | (states)g(u)p 1873 5075 55 4 v(u)q(,)i(d)p 2052 5049 |
| | 38944 | V(d)e(and)g(s)p 2383 5075 39 4 v(s)q(,)i(it)d(is)g(also)g(necessary)j |
| | 38945 | (to)e(include)0 5236 y(mixing)33 b(in)m(to)h(the)i(ph)m(ysical)e |
| | 38946 | (mesons.)52 b(This)35 b(is)f(done)i(according)e(to)h(a)g |
| | 38947 | (parametrization,)e(based)j(on)0 5345 y(the)d(mixing)e(angles)h(giv)m |
| | 38948 | (en)h(in)f(the)h(Review)g(of)f(P)m(article)g(Prop)s(erties)h([PDG88)o |
| | 38949 | (].)44 b(In)33 b(particular,)e(the)1817 5953 y(230)p |
| | 38950 | eop |
| | 38951 | %%Page: 231 237 |
| | 38952 | 231 236 bop 0 -18 a Fw(default)32 b(c)m(hoices)h(corresp)s(ond)h(to) |
| | 38953 | 1301 240 y Fj(\021)86 b Fw(=)1604 173 y(1)p 1604 217 |
| | 38954 | 49 4 v 1604 309 a(2)1663 240 y(\(u)p 1755 188 55 4 v(u)22 |
| | 38955 | b(+)g(d)p 1983 161 V(d)q(\))g Fn(\000)2249 173 y Fw(1)p |
| | 38956 | 2207 217 132 4 v 2207 235 a Fn(p)p 2290 235 49 4 v 82 |
| | 38957 | x Fw(2)2349 240 y(s)p 2387 188 39 4 v(s)34 b(;)1277 496 |
| | 38958 | y Fj(\021)1329 454 y Fk(0)1435 496 y Fw(=)1604 428 y(1)p |
| | 38959 | 1604 472 49 4 v 1604 564 a(2)1663 496 y(\(u)p 1755 443 |
| | 38960 | 55 4 v(u)22 b(+)g(d)p 1983 416 V(d)q(\))g(+)2247 428 |
| | 38961 | y(1)p 2206 472 132 4 v 2206 490 a Fn(p)p 2289 490 49 |
| | 38962 | 4 v 82 x Fw(2)2348 496 y(s)p 2386 443 39 4 v(s)33 b(;)1288 |
| | 38963 | 751 y Fj(!)86 b Fw(=)1646 683 y(1)p 1604 727 132 4 v |
| | 38964 | 1604 745 a Fn(p)p 1687 745 49 4 v 82 x Fw(2)1746 751 |
| | 38965 | y(\(u)p 1838 698 55 4 v(u)22 b(+)g(d)p 2066 672 V(d)q(\))1294 |
| | 38966 | 949 y Fj(\036)83 b Fw(=)g(s)p 1632 896 39 4 v(s)34 b |
| | 38967 | Fj(:)1826 b Fw(\(176\))0 1157 y(In)38 b(the)g Fj(\031)359 |
| | 38968 | 1121 y Fl(0)424 1157 y Fn(\000)26 b Fj(\021)k Fn(\000)c |
| | 38969 | Fj(\021)760 1121 y Fk(0)820 1157 y Fw(system,)41 b(no)c(accoun)m(t)i |
| | 38970 | (is)e(therefore)h(tak)m(en)h(of)e(the)h(di\013erence)h(in)e(masses,)j |
| | 38971 | (an)0 1265 y(appro)m(ximation)i(whic)m(h)i(seems)h(to)e(lead)g(to)g(an) |
| | 38972 | h(o)m(v)m(erestimate)g(of)g Fj(\021)2618 1229 y Fk(0)2684 |
| | 38973 | 1265 y Fw(rates)g([ALE92)q(].)77 b(Recen)m(tly)-8 b(,)0 |
| | 38974 | 1374 y(parameters)28 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)g(in)m(tro)s(duced)f(to)g |
| | 38975 | (allo)m(w)e(an)i(additional)d(`brute)k(force')f(suppression)h(of)f |
| | 38976 | Fj(\021)j Fw(and)0 1482 y Fj(\021)52 1446 y Fk(0)108 |
| | 38977 | 1482 y Fw(states.)0 1730 y Fo(12.1.3)113 b(Bary)m(on)37 |
| | 38978 | b(pro)s(duction)0 1902 y Fw(Bary)m(on)g(pro)s(duction)e(ma)m(y)-8 |
| | 38979 | b(,)37 b(in)e(its)g(simplest)g(form,)h(b)s(e)g(obtained)g(b)m(y)h |
| | 38980 | (assuming)e(that)h(an)m(y)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)0 2011 y(q)51 |
| | 38981 | 2026 y Fh(i)114 2011 y Fw(giv)m(en)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(could)f(represen) |
| | 38982 | m(t)i(either)e(a)g(quark)h(or)f(an)g(an)m(tidiquark)g(in)f(a)h(colour)f |
| | 38983 | (triplet)g(state.)0 2119 y(Then)44 b(the)g(same)f(basic)g(mac)m(hinery) |
| | 38984 | g(can)h(b)s(e)f(run)h(through)f(as)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)k(supplemen)m(ted) |
| | 38985 | d(with)f(the)0 2227 y(probabilit)m(y)26 b(to)i(pro)s(duce)g(v)-5 |
| | 38986 | b(arious)27 b(diquark)h(pairs.)42 b(In)28 b(principle,)f(there)i(is)f |
| | 38987 | (one)g(parameter)f(for)h(eac)m(h)0 2336 y(diquark,)35 |
| | 38988 | b(but)g(if)e(tunnelling)g(is)g(still)g(assumed)i(to)f(giv)m(e)g(an)g |
| | 38989 | (e\013ectiv)m(e)i(description,)e(mass)h(relations)0 2444 |
| | 38990 | y(can)42 b(b)s(e)f(used)i(to)e(reduce)i(the)f(e\013ectiv)m(e)g(n)m(um)m |
| | 38991 | (b)s(er)g(of)f(parameters.)70 b(There)42 b(are)g(three)g(main)e(ones)0 |
| | 38992 | 2552 y(app)s(earing)32 b(in)f(the)i(program:)145 2666 |
| | 38993 | y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(the)33 b(relativ)m(e)f(probabilit)m(y)e(to)j(pic)m(k) |
| | 38994 | f(a)p 1664 2613 52 4 v 33 w(q)p 1715 2613 V(q)h(diquark)g(rather)g |
| | 38995 | (than)f(a)g(q;)145 2783 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(the)40 b(extra)g(suppression) |
| | 38996 | i(asso)s(ciated)d(with)h(a)f(diquark)h(con)m(taining)f(a)h(strange)g |
| | 38997 | (quark)g(\(o)m(v)m(er)244 2892 y(and)33 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(the)g |
| | 38998 | (ordinary)f(s)p Fj(=)p Fw(u)h(suppression)h(factor)e |
| | 38999 | Fj(\015)2297 2907 y Fh(s)2333 2892 y Fw(\);)h(and)145 |
| | 39000 | 3009 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(the)35 b(suppression)g(of)f(spin)g(1)g(diquarks) |
| | 39001 | h(relativ)m(e)f(to)f(spin)i(0)f(ones)h(\(apart)e(from)g(the)i(factor)f |
| | 39002 | (of)244 3118 y(3)e(enhancemen)m(t)i(of)e(the)h(former)f(based)h(on)g |
| | 39003 | (coun)m(ting)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(spin)h(states\).)0 |
| | 39004 | 3231 y(The)47 b(extra)g(strange)g(diquark)g(suppression)g(factor)f |
| | 39005 | (comes)h(ab)s(out)f(since)h(what)g(app)s(ears)f(in)g(the)0 |
| | 39006 | 3339 y(exp)s(onen)m(t)32 b(of)f(the)g(tunnelling)e(form)m(ula)g(is)i |
| | 39007 | Fj(m)1691 3303 y Fl(2)1762 3339 y Fw(and)g(not)g Fj(m)p |
| | 39008 | Fw(,)g(so)g(that)g(the)h(diquark)f(and)g(the)g(strange)0 |
| | 39009 | 3448 y(quark)i(suppressions)i(do)d(not)h(factorize.)146 |
| | 39010 | 3556 y(Only)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(bary)m(on)g(m)m(ultiplets)d(are)i(included,)g |
| | 39011 | (i.e.)48 b(there)35 b(are)f(no)g Fj(L)d Fw(=)f(1)k(excited)h(states.)50 |
| | 39012 | b(The)0 3664 y(t)m(w)m(o)33 b(m)m(ultiplets)e(are:)145 |
| | 39013 | 3777 y Fn(\017)49 b Fj(S)35 b Fw(=)29 b Fj(J)38 b Fw(=)29 |
| | 39014 | b(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2:)45 b(the)34 b(`o)s(ctet')f(m)m(ultiplet)e(of)i |
| | 39015 | (SU\(3\))h(\(in)e(the)i(full)e(four-generation)g(scenario)h(in)244 |
| | 39016 | 3886 y(the)g(program)e(168)h(states)h(are)g(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 39017 | b(ailable\);)145 4003 y Fn(\017)49 b Fj(S)33 b Fw(=)28 |
| | 39018 | b Fj(J)37 b Fw(=)27 b(3)p Fj(=)p Fw(2:)43 b(the)33 b(`decuplet')g(m)m |
| | 39019 | (ultiplet)d(of)j(SU\(3\))f(\(120)g(states)h(in)f(the)h(program\).)0 |
| | 39020 | 4116 y(In)39 b(con)m(trast)h(to)e(the)i(meson)f(case,)i(di\013eren)m(t) |
| | 39021 | f(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(com)m(binations)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(di\013eren)m(t)f(n)m |
| | 39022 | (um)m(b)s(ers)h(of)0 4225 y(states)33 b(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable:)41 |
| | 39023 | b(for)32 b(uuu)i(only)e(\001)1356 4189 y Fl(++)1470 4225 |
| | 39024 | y Fw(,)g(whereas)j(uds)e(ma)m(y)f(b)s(ecome)h(either)f(\003,)h(\006) |
| | 39025 | 3113 4189 y Fl(0)3185 4225 y Fw(or)f(\006)3374 4189 y |
| | 39026 | Fk(\003)p Fl(0)3449 4225 y Fw(.)146 4333 y(An)41 b(imp)s(ortan)m(t)e |
| | 39027 | (constrain)m(t)h(is)g(that)g(a)h(bary)m(on)g(is)f(a)g(symmetric)f |
| | 39028 | (state)i(of)f(three)i(quarks,)h(ne-)0 4442 y(glecting)36 |
| | 39029 | b(the)j(colour)e(degree)i(of)e(freedom.)60 b(When)39 |
| | 39030 | b(a)e(diquark)h(and)g(a)g(quark)h(are)f(joined)f(to)h(form)0 |
| | 39031 | 4550 y(a)j(bary)m(on,)i(the)f(com)m(bination)c(is)j(therefore)g(w)m |
| | 39032 | (eigh)m(ted)h(with)e(the)i(probabilit)m(y)d(that)h(they)i(form)e(a)0 |
| | 39033 | 4658 y(symmetric)h(three-quark)j(state.)73 b(The)43 b(program)e |
| | 39034 | (implemen)m(tation)f(of)h(this)h(principle)f(is)h(to)g(\014rst)0 |
| | 39035 | 4767 y(select)f(a)f(diquark)g(at)g(random,)i(with)e(the)h(strangeness)h |
| | 39036 | (and)e(spin)h(1)f(suppression)h(factors)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)0 |
| | 39037 | 4875 y(included,)31 b(but)f(then)h(to)f(accept)h(the)g(selected)g |
| | 39038 | (diquark)g(with)f(a)g(w)m(eigh)m(t)h(prop)s(ortional)c(to)j(the)h(n)m |
| | 39039 | (um-)0 4983 y(b)s(er)36 b(of)g(states)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)34 |
| | 39040 | b(for)h(the)i(quark-diquark)f(com)m(bination.)52 b(This)36 |
| | 39041 | b(means)g(that,)g(w)m(ere)i(it)d(not)0 5092 y(for)d(the)h(tunnelling)d |
| | 39042 | (suppression)k(factors,)e(all)e(states)k(in)d(the)i Fo(SU\(6\))f |
| | 39043 | Fw(\(\015a)m(v)m(our)h Fo(SU\(3\))f Fw(times)g(spin)0 |
| | 39044 | 5200 y Fo(SU\(2\))p Fw(\))41 b(56-m)m(ultiplet)c(w)m(ould)k(b)s(ecome)g |
| | 39045 | (equally)g(p)s(opulated.)68 b(Of)41 b(course)h(also)e(hea)m(vier)h |
| | 39046 | (bary)m(ons)0 5308 y(ma)m(y)g(come)f(from)g(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)e |
| | 39047 | (of)h(e.g.)69 b(c)41 b(quark)g(jets,)j(but)d(although)f(the)h(particle) |
| | 39048 | e(clas-)0 5417 y(si\014cation)i(sc)m(heme)i(used)g(in)e(the)h(program)f |
| | 39049 | (is)g Fo(SU\(16\))p Fw(,)j(i.e.)71 b(with)41 b(eigh)m(t)h(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 39050 | (ours,)j(all)40 b(p)s(ossible)0 5525 y(quark-diquark)31 |
| | 39051 | b(com)m(binations)d(can)j(b)s(e)f(related)g(to)g Fo(SU\(6\))g |
| | 39052 | Fw(b)m(y)h(symmetry)g(argumen)m(ts.)43 b(As)31 b(in)e(the)0 |
| | 39053 | 5633 y(case)i(for)e(mesons,)i(one)f(could)f(imagine)e(an)j(explicit)e |
| | 39054 | (further)i(suppression)h(of)e(the)h(hea)m(vier)h(spin)e(3/2)1817 |
| | 39055 | 5953 y(231)p eop |
| | 39056 | %%Page: 232 238 |
| | 39057 | 232 237 bop 0 -18 a Fw(bary)m(ons.)45 b(W)-8 b(e)34 b(do)e(not)h(exp)s |
| | 39058 | (ect)h(it)e(to)g(b)s(e)h(an)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)e(e\013ect,)j(since)f |
| | 39059 | (bary)m(on)h(mass)e(splittings)f(are)0 90 y(m)m(uc)m(h)i(smaller)e |
| | 39060 | (than)h(in)g(the)h(meson)g(case.)146 198 y(In)k(case)g(of)f(rejection,) |
| | 39061 | h(a)f(new)h(diquark)g(is)f(selected)h(and)g(tested,)h(etc.)55 |
| | 39062 | b(A)37 b(corresp)s(onding)f(pro-)0 307 y(cedure)43 b(is)f(used)h(for)e |
| | 39063 | (the)i(quark)g(selection)e(when)i(a)f(diquark)g(has)g(already)g(b)s |
| | 39064 | (een)h(formed)e(in)g(the)0 415 y(previous)34 b(step.)47 |
| | 39065 | b(Prop)s(erly)33 b(sp)s(eaking)g(b)s(oth)g(the)h(quark)g(and)g(the)g |
| | 39066 | (diquark)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(should)e(b)s(e)g(c)m(ho-)0 |
| | 39067 | 523 y(sen)38 b(anew.)58 b(This)37 b(w)m(ould)g(b)s(ecome)h(a)e(tedious) |
| | 39068 | i(pro)s(cess,)h(since)f(also)e(the)i(hadron)f(pro)s(duced)h(in)e(the)0 |
| | 39069 | 632 y(step)j(b)s(efore)f(w)m(ould)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 39070 | (rejected.)61 b(In)38 b(practice)g(only)g(the)g(last)f(pro)s(duced)i |
| | 39071 | (pair,)g(b)s(e)f(that)0 740 y(the)33 b(quark)g(or)g(diquark)f(one,)h |
| | 39072 | (is)f(rejected.)45 b(The)34 b(error)e(in)m(tro)s(duced)h(b)m(y)g(this)g |
| | 39073 | (is)f(small.)146 848 y(A)45 b(more)f(general)f(framew)m(ork)i(for)f |
| | 39074 | (bary)m(on)h(pro)s(duction)f(is)g(the)g(`p)s(op)s(corn')h(one)g |
| | 39075 | ([And85],)i(in)0 957 y(whic)m(h)26 b(diquarks)h(as)f(suc)m(h)h(are)f |
| | 39076 | (nev)m(er)i(pro)s(duced,)g(but)e(rather)g(bary)m(ons)h(app)s(ear)f |
| | 39077 | (from)e(the)j(successiv)m(e)0 1065 y(pro)s(duction)k(of)h(sev)m(eral)g |
| | 39078 | (q)976 1080 y Fh(i)p 1005 1012 52 4 v 1005 1065 a Fw(q)1056 |
| | 39079 | 1088 y Fh(i)1117 1065 y Fw(pairs.)42 b(The)33 b(picture)f(is)g(the)g |
| | 39080 | (follo)m(wing.)41 b(Assume)32 b(that)g(the)g(original)d(q)0 |
| | 39081 | 1173 y(is)j(red)h Fj(r)i Fw(and)e(the)p 703 1120 V 33 |
| | 39082 | w(q)g(is)p 885 1120 47 4 v 32 w Fj(r)s Fw(.)43 b(Normally)31 |
| | 39083 | b(a)h(new)h(q)1763 1188 y Fl(1)p 1803 1120 52 4 v 1803 |
| | 39084 | 1173 a Fw(q)1855 1197 y Fl(1)1927 1173 y Fw(pair)e(pro)s(duced)j(in)e |
| | 39085 | (the)h(\014eld)f(w)m(ould)h(also)e(b)s(e)i Fj(r)p 3706 |
| | 39086 | 1120 47 4 v 3 w(r)r Fw(,)0 1282 y(so)e(that)g(the)p 494 |
| | 39087 | 1229 52 4 v 31 w(q)545 1305 y Fl(1)616 1282 y Fw(is)f(pulled)g(to)m(w)m |
| | 39088 | (ards)i(the)f(q)h(end)f(and)g(vice)g(v)m(ersa,)i(and)e(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 39089 | (separate)h(colour-singlet)0 1390 y(systems)h(q)p 412 |
| | 39090 | 1337 V(q)464 1413 y Fl(1)536 1390 y Fw(and)f(q)776 1405 |
| | 39091 | y Fl(1)p 816 1337 V 816 1390 a Fw(q)g(are)g(formed.)43 |
| | 39092 | b(Occasionally)-8 b(,)30 b(the)j(q)2231 1405 y Fl(1)p |
| | 39093 | 2271 1337 V 2271 1390 a Fw(q)2322 1413 y Fl(1)2394 1390 |
| | 39094 | y Fw(pair)e(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(e.g.)43 b Fj(g)p 3177 1337 |
| | 39095 | 51 4 v 4 w(g)35 b Fw(\()p Fj(g)g Fw(=)d(green\),)0 1498 |
| | 39096 | y(in)h(whic)m(h)h(case)g(there)g(is)f(no)h(net)f(colour)g(c)m(harge)h |
| | 39097 | (acting)f(on)g(either)g(q)2615 1513 y Fl(1)2689 1498 |
| | 39098 | y Fw(or)p 2809 1445 52 4 v 33 w(q)2860 1522 y Fl(1)2900 |
| | 39099 | 1498 y Fw(.)46 b(Therefore,)35 b(the)f(pair)0 1607 y(cannot)i(gain)e |
| | 39100 | (energy)j(from)d(the)i(\014eld,)g(and)g(normally)d(w)m(ould)i(exist)h |
| | 39101 | (only)f(as)h(a)f(\015uctuation.)52 b(If)36 b(q)3740 1622 |
| | 39102 | y Fl(1)0 1715 y Fw(mo)m(v)m(es)f(to)m(w)m(ards)h(q)f(and)p |
| | 39103 | 936 1662 V 35 w(q)987 1739 y Fl(1)1061 1715 y Fw(to)m(w)m(ards)p |
| | 39104 | 1427 1662 V 36 w(q,)g(the)g(net)g(\014eld)g(remaining)d(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 39105 | (een)37 b(q)2981 1730 y Fl(1)3055 1715 y Fw(and)p 3247 |
| | 39106 | 1662 V 35 w(q)3298 1739 y Fl(1)3372 1715 y Fw(is)p 3472 |
| | 39107 | 1636 42 4 v 34 w Fj(b)q(b)e Fw(\()p Fj(b)g Fw(=)0 1834 |
| | 39108 | y(blue;)29 b Fj(g)14 b Fw(+)d Fj(r)30 b Fw(=)p 560 1755 |
| | 39109 | V 27 w Fj(b)e Fw(if)d(only)i(colour)f(triplets)g(are)h(assumed\).)42 |
| | 39110 | b(In)27 b(this)g(cen)m(tral)g(\014eld,)h(an)f(additional)d(q)3649 |
| | 39111 | 1849 y Fl(2)p 3689 1781 52 4 v 3689 1834 a Fw(q)3740 |
| | 39112 | 1858 y Fl(2)0 1942 y Fw(pair)31 b(can)h(b)s(e)g(created,)h(where)g(q) |
| | 39113 | 1210 1957 y Fl(2)1282 1942 y Fw(no)m(w)g(is)e(pulled)g(to)m(w)m(ards)i |
| | 39114 | (qq)2339 1957 y Fl(1)2411 1942 y Fw(and)p 2600 1889 V |
| | 39115 | 32 w(q)2652 1966 y Fl(2)2723 1942 y Fw(to)m(w)m(ards)p |
| | 39116 | 3086 1889 V 33 w(q)p 3138 1889 V 1 w(q)3189 1966 y Fl(1)3229 |
| | 39117 | 1942 y Fw(,)f(with)f(no)h(net)0 2051 y(colour)f(\014eld)h(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 39118 | (een)i(q)930 2066 y Fl(2)1002 2051 y Fw(and)p 1191 1998 |
| | 39119 | V 32 w(q)1243 2074 y Fl(2)1282 2051 y Fw(.)44 b(If)32 |
| | 39120 | b(this)f(is)h(all)e(that)i(happ)s(ens,)h(the)g(bary)m(on)f |
| | 39121 | Fj(B)37 b Fw(will)30 b(b)s(e)i(made)g(up)0 2159 y(out)i(of)g(q)339 |
| | 39122 | 2174 y Fl(1)379 2159 y Fw(,)h(q)492 2174 y Fl(2)567 2159 |
| | 39123 | y Fw(and)g(some)f(q)1056 2174 y Fl(4)1130 2159 y Fw(pro)s(duced)i(b)s |
| | 39124 | (et)m(w)m(een)g(q)f(and)g(q)2265 2174 y Fl(1)2305 2159 |
| | 39125 | y Fw(,)g(and)p 2559 2081 80 4 v 35 w Fj(B)k Fw(of)p 2785 |
| | 39126 | 2106 52 4 v 34 w(q)2837 2183 y Fl(1)2876 2159 y Fw(,)p |
| | 39127 | 2938 2106 V 35 w(q)2990 2183 y Fl(2)3064 2159 y Fw(and)34 |
| | 39128 | b(some)p 3502 2106 V 35 w(q)3553 2183 y Fl(5)3593 2159 |
| | 39129 | y Fw(,)h(i.e.)0 2267 y(the)g Fj(B)40 b Fw(and)p 475 2189 |
| | 39130 | 80 4 v 34 w Fj(B)g Fw(will)32 b(b)s(e)j(nearest)h(neigh)m(b)s(ours)e |
| | 39131 | (in)g(rank)h(and)g(share)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(quark)h(pairs.)49 |
| | 39132 | b(Sp)s(eci\014cally)-8 b(,)0 2376 y(q)51 2391 y Fl(1)124 |
| | 39133 | 2376 y Fw(will)31 b(gain)h(energy)j(from)d(q)1116 2391 |
| | 39134 | y Fl(2)1189 2376 y Fw(in)h(order)g(to)g(end)h(up)g(on)f(mass)h(shell,)f |
| | 39135 | (and)g(the)h(tunnelling)d(form)m(ula)0 2484 y(for)h(an)h(e\013ectiv)m |
| | 39136 | (e)g(q)712 2499 y Fl(1)752 2484 y Fw(q)803 2499 y Fl(2)876 |
| | 39137 | 2484 y Fw(diquark)f(is)g(reco)m(v)m(ered.)146 2592 y(P)m(art)c(of)f |
| | 39138 | (the)h(time,)f(sev)m(eral)h Fj(b)p 1232 2513 42 4 v(b)g |
| | 39139 | Fw(colour)f(pair)f(pro)s(ductions)h(ma)m(y)g(tak)m(e)i(place)e(b)s(et)m |
| | 39140 | (w)m(een)i(the)f(q)3555 2607 y Fl(1)3622 2592 y Fw(and)p |
| | 39141 | 0 2648 52 4 v 0 2701 a(q)51 2724 y Fl(1)91 2701 y Fw(,)37 |
| | 39142 | b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)56 b(With)36 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(pro)s(duction)e(v)m |
| | 39143 | (ertices)j(q)1928 2716 y Fl(2)p 1967 2648 V 1967 2701 |
| | 39144 | a Fw(q)2019 2724 y Fl(2)2094 2701 y Fw(and)f(q)2339 2716 |
| | 39145 | y Fl(3)p 2379 2648 V 2379 2701 a Fw(q)2430 2724 y Fl(3)2469 |
| | 39146 | 2701 y Fw(,)h(a)d(cen)m(tral)h(meson)p 3246 2648 V 36 |
| | 39147 | w(q)3298 2724 y Fl(2)3337 2701 y Fw(q)3388 2716 y Fl(3)3464 |
| | 39148 | 2701 y Fw(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)0 2809 y(formed,)e(surrounded)i(b)m(y)f(a)f |
| | 39149 | (bary)m(on)h(q)1467 2824 y Fl(4)1507 2809 y Fw(q)1558 |
| | 39150 | 2824 y Fl(1)1597 2809 y Fw(q)1648 2824 y Fl(2)1723 2809 |
| | 39151 | y Fw(and)f(an)g(an)m(tibary)m(on)p 2543 2756 V 34 w(q)2595 |
| | 39152 | 2833 y Fl(3)p 2634 2756 V 2634 2809 a Fw(q)2686 2833 |
| | 39153 | y Fl(1)p 2725 2756 V 2725 2809 a Fw(q)2777 2833 y Fl(5)2816 |
| | 39154 | 2809 y Fw(.)48 b(W)-8 b(e)35 b(call)e(this)h(a)f Fj(B)5 |
| | 39155 | b(M)p 3699 2731 80 4 v 10 w(B)0 2917 y Fw(con\014guration)40 |
| | 39156 | b(to)h(distinguish)f(it)h(from)f(the)i(q)1804 2932 y |
| | 39157 | Fl(4)1843 2917 y Fw(q)1894 2932 y Fl(1)1934 2917 y Fw(q)1985 |
| | 39158 | 2932 y Fl(2)2067 2917 y Fw(+)p 2184 2865 52 4 v 41 w(q)2235 |
| | 39159 | 2941 y Fl(2)p 2275 2865 V 2275 2917 a Fw(q)2326 2941 |
| | 39160 | y Fl(1)p 2366 2865 V 2366 2917 a Fw(q)2417 2941 y Fl(5)2498 |
| | 39161 | 2917 y Fj(B)p 2577 2839 80 4 v 5 w(B)k Fw(con\014guration)41 |
| | 39162 | b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)70 b(F)-8 b(or)0 3026 y Fj(B)5 b(M)p |
| | 39163 | 183 2948 V 10 w(B)37 b Fw(the)31 b Fj(B)36 b Fw(and)p |
| | 39164 | 758 2948 V 31 w Fj(B)g Fw(only)31 b(share)g(one)g(quark{an)m(tiquark)h |
| | 39165 | (pair,)e(as)h(opp)s(osed)h(to)f(t)m(w)m(o)g(for)g Fj(B)p |
| | 39166 | 3491 2948 V 5 w(B)36 b Fw(con-)0 3134 y(\014gurations.)41 |
| | 39167 | b(The)30 b(relativ)m(e)e(probabilit)m(y)e(for)j(a)f Fj(B)5 |
| | 39168 | b(M)p 1959 3056 V 10 w(B)34 b Fw(con\014guration)28 b(is)g(giv)m(en)h |
| | 39169 | (b)m(y)g(the)g(uncertain)m(t)m(y)0 3242 y(relation)42 |
| | 39170 | b(suppression)k(for)e(ha)m(ving)g(the)h(q)1621 3257 y |
| | 39171 | Fl(1)1705 3242 y Fw(and)p 1906 3190 52 4 v 44 w(q)1958 |
| | 39172 | 3266 y Fl(1)2041 3242 y Fw(su\016cien)m(tly)h(far)d(apart)h(that)g(a)g |
| | 39173 | (meson)h(ma)m(y)0 3351 y(b)s(e)39 b(formed)g(in)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een.)65 |
| | 39174 | b(Strictly)38 b(sp)s(eaking,)j(also)d(con\014gurations)h(lik)m(e)f |
| | 39175 | Fj(B)5 b(M)10 b(M)p 3131 3273 80 4 v 10 w(B)d Fw(,)41 |
| | 39176 | b Fj(B)5 b(M)10 b(M)g(M)p 3671 3273 V 10 w(B)d Fw(,)0 |
| | 39177 | 3459 y(etc.)45 b(should)33 b(b)s(e)g(p)s(ossible,)g(but)g(the)g |
| | 39178 | (probabilit)m(y)e(for)i(this)g(is)f(small)f(in)h(our)h(mo)s(del.)43 |
| | 39179 | b(F)-8 b(urther,)33 b(since)0 3567 y(larger)e(masses)j(corresp)s(onds)f |
| | 39180 | (to)f(longer)g(string)g(pieces,)h(the)g(pro)s(duction)f(of)g |
| | 39181 | (pseudoscalar)h(mesons)0 3676 y(is)c(fa)m(v)m(oured)h(o)m(v)m(er)h |
| | 39182 | (that)e(of)f(v)m(ector)j(ones.)43 b(If)29 b(only)g Fj(B)p |
| | 39183 | 1936 3598 V 5 w(B)35 b Fw(and)29 b Fj(B)5 b(M)p 2414 |
| | 39184 | 3598 V 10 w(B)35 b Fw(states)30 b(are)g(included,)f(and)h(if)e(the)0 |
| | 39185 | 3784 y(probabilit)m(y)j(for)i(ha)m(ving)g(a)g(v)m(ector)h(meson)f |
| | 39186 | Fj(M)44 b Fw(is)33 b(not)g(suppressed)j(extra,)e(t)m(w)m(o)f(partly)g |
| | 39187 | (comp)s(ensat-)0 3893 y(ing)d(errors)h(are)g(made)g(\(since)g(a)g(v)m |
| | 39188 | (ector)h(meson)f(t)m(ypically)e(deca)m(ys)k(in)m(to)d(t)m(w)m(o)i(or)f |
| | 39189 | (more)f(pseudoscalar)0 4001 y(ones\).)146 4109 y(In)j(total,)d(the)j |
| | 39190 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)g(iteration)d(pro)s(cedure)j(therefore)g(con)m(tains)f |
| | 39191 | (the)g(follo)m(wing)e(p)s(ossible)h(sub-)0 4218 y(pro)s(cesses)k |
| | 39192 | (\(plus,)d(of)g(course,)i(their)e(c)m(harge)h(conjugates\):)145 |
| | 39193 | 4331 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(q)295 4346 y Fl(1)362 4331 y Fn(!)28 |
| | 39194 | b Fw(q)541 4346 y Fl(2)603 4331 y Fw(+)22 b(\(q)790 4346 |
| | 39195 | y Fl(1)p 830 4278 52 4 v 830 4331 a Fw(q)881 4354 y Fl(2)921 |
| | 39196 | 4331 y Fw(\))32 b(meson;)145 4448 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(q)295 |
| | 39197 | 4463 y Fl(1)362 4448 y Fn(!)p 490 4396 V 28 w Fw(q)541 |
| | 39198 | 4472 y Fl(2)p 581 4396 V 581 4448 a Fw(q)632 4472 y Fl(3)694 |
| | 39199 | 4448 y Fw(+)22 b(\(q)881 4463 y Fl(1)921 4448 y Fw(q)972 |
| | 39200 | 4463 y Fl(2)1012 4448 y Fw(q)1063 4463 y Fl(3)1102 4448 |
| | 39201 | y Fw(\))33 b(bary)m(on;)145 4566 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(q)295 |
| | 39202 | 4581 y Fl(1)335 4566 y Fw(q)386 4581 y Fl(2)453 4566 |
| | 39203 | y Fn(!)p 581 4513 V 28 w Fw(q)632 4590 y Fl(3)694 4566 |
| | 39204 | y Fw(+)22 b(\(q)881 4581 y Fl(1)921 4566 y Fw(q)972 4581 |
| | 39205 | y Fl(2)1012 4566 y Fw(q)1063 4581 y Fl(3)1102 4566 y |
| | 39206 | Fw(\))33 b(bary)m(on;)145 4684 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(q)295 |
| | 39207 | 4699 y Fl(1)335 4684 y Fw(q)386 4699 y Fl(2)453 4684 |
| | 39208 | y Fn(!)28 b Fw(q)632 4699 y Fl(1)672 4684 y Fw(q)723 |
| | 39209 | 4699 y Fl(3)785 4684 y Fw(+)22 b(\(q)972 4699 y Fl(2)p |
| | 39210 | 1012 4631 V 1012 4684 a Fw(q)1063 4708 y Fl(3)1102 4684 |
| | 39211 | y Fw(\))33 b(meson;)0 4797 y(with)j(the)g(constrain)m(t)g(that)g(the)h |
| | 39212 | (last)e(pro)s(cess)j(cannot)e(b)s(e)g(iterated)g(to)g(obtain)f(sev)m |
| | 39213 | (eral)i(mesons)f(in)0 4905 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)e(bary)m(on)g(and)f |
| | 39214 | (the)i(an)m(tibary)m(on.)146 5014 y(Unfortunately)-8 |
| | 39215 | b(,)39 b(the)f(resulting)f(bary)m(on)h(pro)s(duction)f(mo)s(del)f(has)j |
| | 39216 | (a)e(fair)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)g(parame-)0 5122 y(ters,)h(whic)m(h)e |
| | 39217 | (w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)h(giv)m(en)f(b)m(y)h(the)f(mo)s(del)f(only)g(if)g |
| | 39218 | (quark)i(and)f(diquark)g(masses)h(w)m(ere)g(kno)m(wn)0 |
| | 39219 | 5230 y(unam)m(biguously)-8 b(.)60 b(W)-8 b(e)39 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(already) |
| | 39220 | f(men)m(tioned)g(the)h(s)p Fj(=)p Fw(u)g(ratio)e(and)i(the)f(qq)p |
| | 39221 | Fj(=)p Fw(q)i(one;)i(the)c(latter)0 5339 y(has)g(to)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 39222 | (increased)g(from)f(0.09)g(to)g(0.10)g(for)g(the)h(p)s(op)s(corn)f(mo)s |
| | 39223 | (del,)h(since)g(the)g(total)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)0 |
| | 39224 | 5447 y(p)s(ossible)30 b(bary)m(on)i(pro)s(duction)f(con\014gurations)f |
| | 39225 | (is)h(lo)m(w)m(er)g(in)g(this)f(case)i(\(the)g(particle)e(pro)s(duced)i |
| | 39226 | (b)s(e-)0 5565 y(t)m(w)m(een)39 b(the)f Fj(B)k Fw(and)p |
| | 39227 | 764 5487 80 4 v 37 w Fj(B)h Fw(is)36 b(constrained)i(to)f(b)s(e)g(a)g |
| | 39228 | (meson\).)57 b(F)-8 b(or)37 b(the)h(p)s(op)s(corn)f(mo)s(del,)f |
| | 39229 | (exactly)i(the)1817 5953 y(232)p eop |
| | 39230 | %%Page: 233 239 |
| | 39231 | 233 238 bop 0 -18 a Fw(same)36 b(parameters)h(as)f(already)g(found)h |
| | 39232 | (in)e(the)i(diquark)f(mo)s(del)f(are)h(needed)i(to)e(describ)s(e)h(the) |
| | 39233 | g Fj(B)p 3700 -97 80 4 v 5 w(B)0 90 y Fw(con\014gurations.)50 |
| | 39234 | b(F)-8 b(or)35 b Fj(B)5 b(M)p 1035 12 V 10 w(B)41 b Fw |
| | 39235 | (con\014gurations,)35 b(the)g(square)h(ro)s(ot)f(of)f(a)h(suppression)h |
| | 39236 | (factor)f(should)0 198 y(b)s(e)i(applied)e(if)h(the)h(factor)f(is)g |
| | 39237 | (relev)-5 b(an)m(t)36 b(only)g(for)g(one)h(of)f(the)h |
| | 39238 | Fj(B)42 b Fw(and)p 2656 120 V 37 w Fj(B)5 b Fw(,)37 b(e.g.)56 |
| | 39239 | b(if)35 b(the)i Fj(B)42 b Fw(is)36 b(formed)0 307 y(with)29 |
| | 39240 | b(a)f(spin)h(1)g(`diquark')g(q)1036 322 y Fl(1)1076 307 |
| | 39241 | y Fw(q)1127 322 y Fl(2)1196 307 y Fw(but)g(the)p 1536 |
| | 39242 | 229 V 30 w Fj(B)34 b Fw(with)28 b(a)h(spin)g(0)g(diquark)p |
| | 39243 | 2575 254 52 4 v 29 w(q)2626 330 y Fl(1)p 2666 254 V 2666 |
| | 39244 | 307 a Fw(q)2717 330 y Fl(3)2757 307 y Fw(.)42 b(Additional)26 |
| | 39245 | b(parameters)0 415 y(include)31 b(the)h(relativ)m(e)e(probabilit)m(y)g |
| | 39246 | (for)h Fj(B)5 b(M)p 1676 337 80 4 v 10 w(B)37 b Fw(con\014gurations,)31 |
| | 39247 | b(whic)m(h)h(is)f(assumed)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(roughly)0 523 |
| | 39248 | y(0.5)25 b(\(with)g(the)g(remaining)e(0.5)i(b)s(eing)f |
| | 39249 | Fj(B)p 1495 445 V 5 w(B)6 b Fw(\),)26 b(a)f(suppression)i(factor)d(for) |
| | 39250 | h(ha)m(ving)g(a)g(strange)h(meson)f Fj(M)0 641 y Fw(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)34 |
| | 39251 | b(the)e Fj(B)37 b Fw(and)p 843 563 V 32 w Fj(B)g Fw(\(as)32 |
| | 39252 | b(opp)s(osed)h(to)e(ha)m(ving)h(a)g(ligh)m(ter)e(nonstrange)i(one\))h |
| | 39253 | (and)f(a)f(suppression)0 759 y(factor)d(for)g(ha)m(ving)h(a)f(s)p |
| | 39254 | 846 706 39 4 v(s)i(pair)d(\(rather)i(than)g(a)f(u)p 1792 |
| | 39255 | 706 55 4 v(u)h(one\))g(shared)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)g |
| | 39256 | Fj(B)j Fw(and)p 3224 681 80 4 v 29 w Fj(B)h Fw(of)28 |
| | 39257 | b(a)g Fj(B)5 b(M)p 3699 681 V 10 w(B)0 867 y Fw(con\014guration.)43 |
| | 39258 | b(The)33 b(default)f(parameter)g(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(are)g(based)i(on)e |
| | 39259 | (a)g(com)m(bination)f(of)g(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)0 976 y(observ)-5 |
| | 39260 | b(ation)32 b(and)h(in)m(ternal)e(mo)s(del)g(predictions.)146 |
| | 39261 | 1084 y(In)j(the)f(diquark)h(mo)s(del,)d(a)i(diquark)h(is)e(exp)s(ected) |
| | 39262 | j(to)e(ha)m(v)m(e)h(exactly)g(the)g(same)f(transv)m(erse)i(mo-)0 |
| | 39263 | 1192 y(men)m(tum)24 b(distribution)f(as)i(a)f(quark.)42 |
| | 39264 | b(F)-8 b(or)24 b Fj(B)5 b(M)p 1745 1114 V 10 w(B)31 b |
| | 39265 | Fw(con\014gurations)24 b(the)h(situation)e(is)h(somewhat)h(more)0 |
| | 39266 | 1301 y(unclear,)34 b(but)g(w)m(e)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)i |
| | 39267 | (that)c(v)-5 b(arious)33 b(p)s(ossibilities)e(giv)m(e)i(v)m(ery)j |
| | 39268 | (similar)30 b(results.)47 b(The)35 b(op-)0 1409 y(tion)26 |
| | 39269 | b(implemen)m(ted)f(in)h(the)h(program)f(is)g(to)g(assume)h(no)g(transv) |
| | 39270 | m(erse)i(momen)m(tum)c(at)i(all)d(for)j(the)g(q)3649 |
| | 39271 | 1424 y Fl(1)p 3689 1356 52 4 v 3689 1409 a Fw(q)3740 |
| | 39272 | 1433 y Fl(1)0 1517 y Fw(pair)j(shared)h(b)m(y)h(the)f |
| | 39273 | Fj(B)36 b Fw(and)p 1104 1439 80 4 v 31 w Fj(B)5 b Fw(,)31 |
| | 39274 | b(with)f(all)f(other)i(pairs)f(ha)m(ving)h(the)g(standard)g(Gaussian)f |
| | 39275 | (sp)s(ectrum)0 1626 y(with)i(lo)s(cal)f(momen)m(tum)g(conserv)-5 |
| | 39276 | b(ation.)44 b(This)33 b(means)f(that)h(the)g Fj(B)38 |
| | 39277 | b Fw(and)p 2768 1548 V 33 w Fj(B)f(p)2928 1641 y Fk(?)2987 |
| | 39278 | 1626 y Fw(:s)d(are)e(uncorrelated)0 1734 y(in)26 b(a)h |
| | 39279 | Fj(B)5 b(M)p 367 1656 V 10 w(B)33 b Fw(con\014guration)26 |
| | 39280 | b(and)g(\(partially\))f(an)m(ticorrelated)g(in)h(the)i |
| | 39281 | Fj(B)p 2670 1656 V 5 w(B)k Fw(con\014gurations,)c(with)e(the)0 |
| | 39282 | 1842 y(same)32 b(mean)h(transv)m(erse)h(momen)m(tum)d(for)h(primary)g |
| | 39283 | (bary)m(ons)h(as)g(for)f(primary)f(mesons.)146 1951 y(Occasionally)-8 |
| | 39284 | b(,)33 b(the)h(endp)s(oin)m(t)g(of)g(a)f(string)h(is)f(not)h(a)g |
| | 39285 | (single)f(parton,)h(but)g(a)g(diquark)g(or)f(an)m(tidi-)0 |
| | 39286 | 2059 y(quark,)47 b(e.g.)75 b(when)45 b(a)e(quark)h(has)f(b)s(een)h(kic) |
| | 39287 | m(k)m(ed)h(out)e(of)g(a)g(proton)g(b)s(eam)f(particle.)74 |
| | 39288 | b(One)44 b(could)0 2167 y(consider)37 b(fairly)f(complex)g(sc)m(hemes)j |
| | 39289 | (for)e(the)g(resulting)f(fragmen)m(tation.)55 b(One)38 |
| | 39290 | b(suc)m(h)g([And81])g(w)m(as)0 2276 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)29 |
| | 39291 | b(in)h Fm(Jetset)g Fw(v)m(ersion)h(6)g(but)h(is)e(no)h(longer)f(found)h |
| | 39292 | (in)g(v)m(ersion)g(7.)43 b(Instead)32 b(the)g(same)f(basic)0 |
| | 39293 | 2384 y(sc)m(heme)37 b(is)e(used)i(as)f(for)f(diquark)h(pair)f(pro)s |
| | 39294 | (duction)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)53 b(Th)m(us)38 b(a)d(qq)i(diquark)e(endp)s |
| | 39295 | (oin)m(t)h(is)f(let)0 2492 y(to)i(fragmen)m(t)g(just)g(as)h(w)m(ould)f |
| | 39296 | (a)g(qq)h(pro)s(duced)g(in)f(the)h(\014eld)f(b)s(ehind)g(a)g(matc)m |
| | 39297 | (hing)p 3159 2440 52 4 v 36 w(q)p 3211 2440 V 1 w(q)g(\015a)m(v)m(our,) |
| | 39298 | j(i.e.)0 2601 y(either)33 b(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(quarks)h(of)e(the)i |
| | 39299 | (diquark)e(en)m(ter)i(in)m(to)e(the)h(same)g(leading)e(bary)m(on,)j(or) |
| | 39300 | e(else)h(a)f(meson)0 2709 y(is)d(\014rst)i(pro)s(duced,)g(con)m |
| | 39301 | (taining)e(one)h(of)g(the)g(quarks,)i(while)d(the)i(other)f(is)f(con)m |
| | 39302 | (tained)h(in)f(the)i(bary)m(on)0 2818 y(pro)s(duced)i(in)f(the)h(next)h |
| | 39303 | (step.)0 3091 y Fp(12.2)136 b(String)45 b(F)-11 b(ragmen)l(tation)0 |
| | 39304 | 3264 y Fw(An)38 b(iterativ)m(e)e(pro)s(cedure)i(can)g(also)e(b)s(e)h |
| | 39305 | (used)i(for)e(other)g(asp)s(ects)h(of)f(the)h(fragmen)m(tation.)56 |
| | 39306 | b(This)37 b(is)0 3372 y(p)s(ossible)e(b)s(ecause,)j(in)d(the)i(string)e |
| | 39307 | (picture,)h(the)h(v)-5 b(arious)35 b(p)s(oin)m(ts)g(where)i(the)g |
| | 39308 | (string)e(break)h(b)m(y)h(the)0 3481 y(pro)s(duction)32 |
| | 39309 | b(of)h(q)p 659 3428 V(q)h(pairs)e(are)h(causally)f(disconnected.)46 |
| | 39310 | b(Whereas)34 b(the)f(space{time)g(picture)g(in)f(the)0 |
| | 39311 | 3589 y(c.m.)43 b(frame)31 b(is)h(suc)m(h)h(that)f(slo)m(w)g(particles)g |
| | 39312 | (\(in)f(the)h(middle)f(of)g(the)i(system\))g(are)f(formed)f(\014rst,)i |
| | 39313 | (this)0 3697 y(ordering)i(is)g(Loren)m(tz)i(frame)e(dep)s(enden)m(t)j |
| | 39314 | (and)e(hence)h(irrelev)-5 b(an)m(t.)53 b(One)36 b(ma)m(y)g(therefore)g |
| | 39315 | (mak)m(e)g(the)0 3806 y(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)31 b(c)m(hoice)e(of)f |
| | 39316 | (starting)g(an)h(iteration)e(pro)s(cess)j(at)e(the)i(ends)g(of)e(the)h |
| | 39317 | (string)g(and)g(pro)s(ceeding)0 3914 y(to)m(w)m(ards)34 |
| | 39318 | b(the)f(middle.)146 4023 y(The)27 b(string)e(fragmen)m(tation)f(sc)m |
| | 39319 | (heme)k(is)d(rather)h(complicated)e(for)i(a)f(generic)h(m)m(ultiparton) |
| | 39320 | e(state.)0 4131 y(In)29 b(order)f(to)g(simplify)e(the)j(discussion,)g |
| | 39321 | (w)m(e)h(will)c(therefore)j(start)f(with)g(the)h(simple)e(q)p |
| | 39322 | 3179 4078 V(q)i(pro)s(cess,)h(and)0 4239 y(only)c(later)f(surv)m(ey)k |
| | 39323 | (the)d(complications)e(that)i(app)s(ear)g(when)i(additional)23 |
| | 39324 | b(gluons)j(are)g(presen)m(t.)43 b(\(This)0 4348 y(distinction)f(is)h |
| | 39325 | (made)f(for)h(p)s(edagogical)f(reasons,)47 b(in)42 b(the)i(program)e |
| | 39326 | (there)i(is)f(only)g(one)h(general-)0 4456 y(purp)s(ose)33 |
| | 39327 | b(algorithm\).)0 4704 y Fo(12.2.1)113 b(F)-9 b(ragmen)m(tation)36 |
| | 39328 | b(functions)0 4876 y Fw(Assume)30 b(a)e(q)p 486 4823 |
| | 39329 | V(q)i(jet)e(system,)j(in)d(its)g(c.m.)42 b(frame,)29 |
| | 39330 | b(with)f(the)h(quark)h(mo)m(ving)e(out)g(in)g(the)h(+)p |
| | 39331 | Fj(z)34 b Fw(direction)0 4985 y(and)28 b(the)h(an)m(tiquark)f(in)g(the) |
| | 39332 | g Fn(\000)p Fj(z)34 b Fw(one.)42 b(W)-8 b(e)28 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 39333 | (discussed)g(ho)m(w)f(it)e(is)g(p)s(ossible)h(to)g(start)g(the)h(\015a) |
| | 39334 | m(v)m(our)0 5093 y(iteration)34 b(from)h(the)i(q)f(end,)i(i.e.)54 |
| | 39335 | b(pic)m(k)36 b(a)g(q)1632 5108 y Fl(1)p 1672 5040 V 1672 |
| | 39336 | 5093 a Fw(q)1723 5117 y Fl(1)1799 5093 y Fw(pair,)g(form)f(a)h(hadron)g |
| | 39337 | (q)p 2735 5040 V(q)2787 5117 y Fl(1)2826 5093 y Fw(,)h(etc.)55 |
| | 39338 | b(It)36 b(has)h(also)e(b)s(een)0 5201 y(noted)h(that)g(the)h |
| | 39339 | (tunnelling)d(mec)m(hanism)h(is)h(assumed)h(to)e(giv)m(e)h(a)g(transv)m |
| | 39340 | (erse)i(momen)m(tum)d Fj(p)3568 5216 y Fk(?)3663 5201 |
| | 39341 | y Fw(for)0 5310 y(eac)m(h)k(new)g(q)482 5325 y Fh(i)p |
| | 39342 | 510 5257 V 510 5310 a Fw(q)562 5333 y Fh(i)628 5310 y |
| | 39343 | Fw(pair)e(created,)j(with)e(the)g Fj(p)1659 5325 y Fk(?)1756 |
| | 39344 | 5310 y Fw(lo)s(cally)d(comp)s(ensated)k(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)e(q)3265 |
| | 39345 | 5325 y Fh(i)3331 5310 y Fw(and)h(the)p 3700 5257 V 38 |
| | 39346 | w(q)3751 5333 y Fh(i)0 5418 y Fw(mem)m(b)s(er)i(of)g(the)h(pair,)g(and) |
| | 39347 | g(with)f(a)g(Gaussian)g(distribution)e(in)i Fj(p)2578 |
| | 39348 | 5433 y Fh(x)2663 5418 y Fw(and)g Fj(p)2910 5433 y Fh(y)2993 |
| | 39349 | 5418 y Fw(separately)-8 b(.)70 b(In)42 b(the)0 5526 y(program,)c(this)g |
| | 39350 | (is)g(regulated)g(b)m(y)h(one)f(parameter,)i(whic)m(h)e(giv)m(es)h(the) |
| | 39351 | g(ro)s(ot-mean-square)e Fj(p)3517 5541 y Fk(?)3614 5526 |
| | 39352 | y Fw(of)h(a)1817 5953 y(233)p eop |
| | 39353 | %%Page: 234 240 |
| | 39354 | 234 239 bop 0 -18 a Fw(quark.)44 b(Hadron)32 b(transv)m(erse)h(momen)m |
| | 39355 | (ta)e(are)h(obtained)f(as)g(the)h(sum)g(of)f Fj(p)2760 |
| | 39356 | -3 y Fk(?)2819 -18 y Fw(:s)h(of)f(the)i(constituen)m(t)f(q)3751 |
| | 39357 | -3 y Fh(i)0 90 y Fw(and)p 190 37 52 4 v 33 w(q)241 113 |
| | 39358 | y Fh(i)p Fl(+1)360 90 y Fw(,)g(where)i(a)e(diquark)h(is)f(considered)h |
| | 39359 | (just)g(as)g(a)f(single)g(quark.)146 198 y(What)47 b(remains)e(to)h(b)s |
| | 39360 | (e)h(determined)f(is)g(the)h(energy)h(and)e(longitudinal)d(momen)m(tum) |
| | 39361 | i(of)h(the)0 307 y(hadron.)d(In)32 b(fact,)g(only)f(one)h(v)-5 |
| | 39362 | b(ariable)29 b(can)j(b)s(e)g(selected)g(indep)s(enden)m(tly)-8 |
| | 39363 | b(,)33 b(since)f(the)g(momen)m(tum)e(of)0 415 y(the)j(hadron)g(is)f |
| | 39364 | (constrained)g(b)m(y)i(the)f(already)f(determined)h(hadron)f(transv)m |
| | 39365 | (erse)j(mass)d Fj(m)3391 430 y Fk(?)3451 415 y Fw(,)789 |
| | 39366 | 623 y(\()p Fj(E)c Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)1074 638 y Fh(z)1114 |
| | 39367 | 623 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(E)28 b Fn(\000)23 b Fj(p)1439 638 |
| | 39368 | y Fh(z)1478 623 y Fw(\))28 b(=)g Fj(E)1726 582 y Fl(2)1787 |
| | 39369 | 623 y Fn(\000)23 b Fj(p)1936 582 y Fl(2)1936 647 y Fh(z)2003 |
| | 39370 | 623 y Fw(=)28 b Fj(m)2192 582 y Fl(2)2192 647 y Fk(?)2279 |
| | 39371 | 623 y Fw(=)f Fj(m)2467 582 y Fl(2)2529 623 y Fw(+)22 |
| | 39372 | b Fj(p)2676 582 y Fl(2)2676 647 y Fh(x)2742 623 y Fw(+)g |
| | 39373 | Fj(p)2889 582 y Fl(2)2889 647 y Fh(y)2963 623 y Fj(:)567 |
| | 39374 | b Fw(\(177\))0 843 y(In)30 b(an)g(iteration)e(from)h(the)i(quark)g |
| | 39375 | (end,)g(one)f(is)g(led)f(\(b)m(y)i(the)g(desire)f(for)g(longitudinal)c |
| | 39376 | (b)s(o)s(ost)k(in)m(v)-5 b(ari-)0 951 y(ance)33 b(and)f(other)g |
| | 39377 | (considerations\))g(to)g(select)g(the)h Fj(z)k Fw(v)-5 |
| | 39378 | b(ariable)30 b(as)i(the)h(fraction)e(of)g Fj(E)d Fw(+)21 |
| | 39379 | b Fj(p)3340 966 y Fh(z)3411 951 y Fw(tak)m(en)34 b(b)m(y)0 |
| | 39380 | 1060 y(the)d(hadron,)g(out)f(of)g(the)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)28 |
| | 39381 | b Fj(E)23 b Fw(+)18 b Fj(p)1605 1075 y Fh(z)1645 1060 |
| | 39382 | y Fw(.)42 b(As)31 b(hadrons)g(are)g(split)e(o\013,)h(the)h |
| | 39383 | Fj(E)24 b Fw(+)17 b Fj(p)3166 1075 y Fh(z)3236 1060 y |
| | 39384 | Fw(\(and)31 b Fj(E)24 b Fn(\000)18 b Fj(p)3702 1075 y |
| | 39385 | Fh(z)3742 1060 y Fw(\))0 1168 y(left)32 b(for)g(subsequen)m(t)j(steps)f |
| | 39386 | (is)e(reduced)j(accordingly:)937 1376 y(\()p Fj(E)29 |
| | 39387 | b Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)1223 1391 y Fh(z)1262 1376 y Fw(\))1300 |
| | 39388 | 1391 y Fl(new)1510 1376 y Fw(=)83 b(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)g |
| | 39389 | Fj(z)t Fw(\)\()p Fj(E)29 b Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)2250 1391 y |
| | 39390 | Fh(z)2290 1376 y Fw(\))2328 1391 y Fl(old)2459 1376 y |
| | 39391 | Fj(;)936 1581 y Fw(\()p Fj(E)28 b Fn(\000)23 b Fj(p)1223 |
| | 39392 | 1596 y Fh(z)1262 1581 y Fw(\))1300 1596 y Fl(new)1510 |
| | 39393 | 1581 y Fw(=)83 b(\()p Fj(E)28 b Fn(\000)23 b Fj(p)1956 |
| | 39394 | 1596 y Fh(z)1995 1581 y Fw(\))2033 1596 y Fl(old)2154 |
| | 39395 | 1581 y Fn(\000)2447 1513 y Fj(m)2532 1477 y Fl(2)2532 |
| | 39396 | 1538 y Fk(?)p 2263 1557 511 4 v 2263 1649 a Fj(z)t Fw(\()p |
| | 39397 | Fj(E)29 b Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)2598 1664 y Fh(z)2638 1649 y |
| | 39398 | Fw(\))2676 1664 y Fl(old)2817 1581 y Fj(:)713 b Fw(\(178\))146 |
| | 39399 | 1856 y(The)43 b(fragmen)m(tation)d(function)i Fj(f)11 |
| | 39400 | b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\),)45 b(whic)m(h)d(expresses)j(the)e(probabilit)m |
| | 39401 | (y)d(that)h(a)h(giv)m(en)g Fj(z)47 b Fw(is)0 1965 y(pic)m(k)m(ed,)35 |
| | 39402 | b(could)e(in)g(principle)f(b)s(e)i(arbitrary)f(|)g(indeed,)i(sev)m |
| | 39403 | (eral)f(suc)m(h)h(c)m(hoices)f(can)g(b)s(e)g(used)h(inside)0 |
| | 39404 | 2073 y(the)e(program,)e(see)j(b)s(elo)m(w.)146 2181 y(If)42 |
| | 39405 | b(one,)i(in)d(addition,)i(requires)f(that)g(the)g(fragmen)m(tation)e |
| | 39406 | (pro)s(cess)j(as)f(a)f(whole)h(should)g(lo)s(ok)0 2290 |
| | 39407 | y(the)37 b(same,)h(irresp)s(ectiv)m(ely)f(of)f(whether)i(the)f |
| | 39408 | (iterativ)m(e)f(pro)s(cedure)i(is)e(p)s(erformed)g(from)g(the)h(q)g |
| | 39409 | (end)0 2398 y(or)d(the)p 292 2345 52 4 v 36 w(q)h(one,)g(`left{righ)m |
| | 39410 | (t)e(symmetry',)j(the)f(c)m(hoice)g(is)f(essen)m(tially)h(unique)g |
| | 39411 | ([And83a]:)48 b(the)35 b(`Lund)0 2506 y(symmetric)d(fragmen)m(tation)e |
| | 39412 | (function',)1061 2783 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))28 |
| | 39413 | b Fn(/)1388 2716 y Fw(1)p 1388 2760 50 4 v 1388 2852 |
| | 39414 | a Fj(z)1448 2783 y(z)1497 2742 y Fh(a)1534 2750 y Fe(\013)1600 |
| | 39415 | 2662 y Fg(\022)1671 2716 y Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(z)p |
| | 39416 | 1671 2760 221 4 v 1756 2852 a(z)1901 2662 y Fg(\023)1962 |
| | 39417 | 2678 y Fh(a)1999 2690 y Fe(\014)2062 2783 y Fw(exp)2228 |
| | 39418 | 2637 y Fg( )2293 2783 y Fn(\000)2380 2716 y Fj(bm)2506 |
| | 39419 | 2680 y Fl(2)2506 2740 y Fk(?)p 2380 2760 186 4 v 2449 |
| | 39420 | 2852 a Fj(z)2577 2637 y Fg(!)2692 2783 y Fj(:)838 b Fw(\(179\))0 |
| | 39421 | 3060 y(There)30 b(is)e(one)g(separate)h(parameter)f Fj(a)h |
| | 39422 | Fw(for)f(eac)m(h)h(\015a)m(v)m(our,)h(with)e(the)h(index)g |
| | 39423 | Fj(\013)g Fw(corresp)s(onding)f(to)g(the)0 3168 y(`old')35 |
| | 39424 | b(\015a)m(v)m(our)j(in)d(the)i(iteration)d(pro)s(cess,)k(and)f |
| | 39425 | Fj(\014)42 b Fw(to)35 b(the)i(`new')g(\015a)m(v)m(our.)56 |
| | 39426 | b(It)36 b(is)g(customary)g(to)g(put)0 3277 y(all)30 b |
| | 39427 | Fj(a)186 3292 y Fh(\013;\014)331 3277 y Fw(the)j(same,)g(and)f(th)m(us) |
| | 39428 | i(arriv)m(e)e(at)h(the)g(simpli\014ed)d(expression)1159 |
| | 39429 | 3496 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))28 b Fn(/)g Fj(z)1525 |
| | 39430 | 3455 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1620 3496 y Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)g |
| | 39431 | Fj(z)t Fw(\))1915 3455 y Fh(a)1974 3496 y Fw(exp)q(\()p |
| | 39432 | Fn(\000)p Fj(bm)2364 3455 y Fl(2)2364 3521 y Fk(?)2425 |
| | 39433 | 3496 y Fj(=z)t Fw(\))33 b Fj(:)936 b Fw(\(180\))0 3704 |
| | 39434 | y(In)34 b(the)h(program,)d(only)i(t)m(w)m(o)g(separate)h |
| | 39435 | Fj(a)f Fw(v)-5 b(alues)34 b(can)g(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en,)h(that)e(for)h |
| | 39436 | (quark)g(pair)f(pro)s(duction)0 3813 y(and)e(that)f(for)g(diquark)h |
| | 39437 | (one;)h(b)m(y)f(default)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(are)g(tak)m(en)h(to)e(b)s |
| | 39438 | (e)h(the)g(same.)42 b(In)31 b(addition,)f(there)0 3921 |
| | 39439 | y(is)i(the)h Fj(b)g Fw(parameter,)f(whic)m(h)h(is)f(univ)m(ersal.)146 |
| | 39440 | 4029 y(It)39 b(should)f(b)s(e)g(noted)h(that)f(the)g(explicit)f(mass)h |
| | 39441 | (dep)s(endence)j(in)c Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))39 |
| | 39442 | b(implies)c(a)j(harder)h(frag-)0 4138 y(men)m(tation)27 |
| | 39443 | b(function)g(for)g(hea)m(vier)i(hadrons;)h(the)e(asymptotic)f(b)s(eha)m |
| | 39444 | (viour)h(of)f(the)i(mean)e Fj(z)33 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)27 |
| | 39445 | b(for)0 4246 y(hea)m(vy)34 b(hadrons)f(is)1525 4405 y |
| | 39446 | Fn(h)p Fj(z)t Fn(i)28 b(\031)g Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)1965 |
| | 39447 | 4338 y Fw(1)g(+)g Fj(a)p 1965 4382 221 4 v 1982 4474 |
| | 39448 | a(bm)2108 4439 y Fl(2)2108 4499 y Fk(?)2228 4405 y Fj(:)1302 |
| | 39449 | b Fw(\(181\))0 4630 y(Unfortunately)46 b(it)e(seems)j(this)f(predicts)g |
| | 39450 | (a)f(somewhat)i(harder)f(sp)s(ectrum)g(for)f(B)h(mesons)g(than)0 |
| | 39451 | 4739 y(observ)m(ed)35 b(in)c(data.)146 4847 y(F)-8 b(or)29 |
| | 39452 | b(future)i(reference)g(w)m(e)g(note)g(that)e(the)i(deriv)-5 |
| | 39453 | b(ation)28 b(of)i Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))30 b(as)g(a)g(b)m |
| | 39454 | (y-pro)s(duct)h(also)e(giv)m(es)h(the)0 4955 y(probabilit)m(y)g |
| | 39455 | (distribution)h(in)g(prop)s(er)i(time)d Fj(\034)44 b |
| | 39456 | Fw(of)32 b(q)1924 4970 y Fh(i)p 1953 4902 52 4 v 1953 |
| | 39457 | 4955 a Fw(q)2004 4979 y Fh(i)2065 4955 y Fw(breakup)h(v)m(ertices.)45 |
| | 39458 | b(In)32 b(terms)g(of)g(\000)c(=)f(\()p Fj(\024\034)11 |
| | 39459 | b Fw(\))3712 4919 y Fl(2)3752 4955 y Fw(,)0 5064 y(this)32 |
| | 39460 | b(distribution)f(is)1284 5172 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\(\000\))17 |
| | 39461 | b(d\000)28 b Fn(/)g Fw(\000)1824 5131 y Fh(a)1899 5172 |
| | 39462 | y Fw(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p Fj(b)p Fw(\000\))17 b(d\000)33 |
| | 39463 | b Fj(;)1062 b Fw(\(182\))0 5334 y(with)32 b(the)h(same)g |
| | 39464 | Fj(a)f Fw(and)h Fj(b)g Fw(as)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)146 5443 |
| | 39465 | y(Man)m(y)c(di\013eren)m(t)e(other)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(functions)j(ha) |
| | 39466 | m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)g(prop)s(osed,)h(and)e(a)g(few)h(are)f(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 39467 | b(ail-)0 5551 y(able)32 b(as)h(options)f(in)f(the)i(program.)1817 |
| | 39468 | 5953 y(234)p eop |
| | 39469 | %%Page: 235 241 |
| | 39470 | 235 240 bop 145 -18 a Fn(\017)49 b Fw(The)33 b(Field-F)-8 |
| | 39471 | b(eynman)31 b(parametrization)f([Fie78)n(],)1435 193 |
| | 39472 | y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))28 b(=)g(1)22 b Fn(\000)g |
| | 39473 | Fj(a)h Fw(+)f(3)p Fj(a)p Fw(\(1)g Fn(\000)g Fj(z)t Fw(\))2488 |
| | 39474 | 152 y Fl(2)2561 193 y Fj(;)969 b Fw(\(183\))244 395 y(with)32 |
| | 39475 | b(default)f(v)-5 b(alue)32 b Fj(a)27 b Fw(=)h(0)p Fj(:)p |
| | 39476 | Fw(77,)k(is)f(in)m(tended)i(to)f(b)s(e)g(used)i(only)d(for)h(ordinary)f |
| | 39477 | (hadrons)i(made)244 504 y(out)f(of)g(u,)h(d)g(and)g(s)g(quarks.)145 |
| | 39478 | 622 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Since)38 b(there)i(are)e(indications)e(that)j |
| | 39479 | (the)f(shap)s(e)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(is)e(to)s(o)f(strongly)h(p)s(eak)m |
| | 39480 | (ed)i(at)e Fj(z)k Fw(=)c(0,)244 730 y(instead)32 b(a)h(shap)s(e)g(lik)m |
| | 39481 | (e)1545 838 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))28 b(=)g(\(1)22 |
| | 39482 | b(+)g Fj(c)p Fw(\)\(1)f Fn(\000)i Fj(z)t Fw(\))2443 797 |
| | 39483 | y Fh(c)3557 838 y Fw(\(184\))244 998 y(ma)m(y)32 b(b)s(e)h(used.)145 |
| | 39484 | 1116 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(Charm)32 b(and)g(b)s(ottom)f(data)h(clearly)f |
| | 39485 | (indicate)h(the)g(need)i(for)d(a)h(harder)h(fragmen)m(tation)d(func-) |
| | 39486 | 244 1224 y(tion)43 b(for)h(hea)m(vy)i(\015a)m(v)m(ours.)80 |
| | 39487 | b(The)45 b(b)s(est)g(kno)m(wn)h(of)d(these)j(is)e(the)h(P)m(eterson)h |
| | 39488 | (et)e(al.)f(form)m(ula)244 1333 y([P)m(et83])1410 1498 |
| | 39489 | y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))28 b Fn(/)2116 1430 |
| | 39490 | y Fw(1)p 1737 1474 808 4 v 1737 1604 a Fj(z)1803 1508 |
| | 39491 | y Fg(\020)1853 1604 y Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)2034 1565 y Fw(1)p |
| | 39492 | 2033 1581 50 4 v 2033 1639 a Fj(z)2115 1604 y Fn(\000)2285 |
| | 39493 | 1546 y Fj(\017)2324 1561 y Fh(Q)p 2225 1581 221 4 v 2225 |
| | 39494 | 1649 a Fw(1)g Fn(\000)g Fj(z)2455 1508 y Fg(\021)2505 |
| | 39495 | 1527 y Fl(2)2587 1498 y Fj(;)943 b Fw(\(185\))244 1796 |
| | 39496 | y(where)34 b Fj(\017)565 1811 y Fh(Q)657 1796 y Fw(is)e(a)h(free)g |
| | 39497 | (parameter,)f(exp)s(ected)i(to)e(scale)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 39498 | (ours)f(lik)m(e)d Fj(\017)3231 1811 y Fh(Q)3319 1796 |
| | 39499 | y Fn(/)d Fw(1)p Fj(=m)3607 1760 y Fl(2)3607 1820 y Fh(Q)3667 |
| | 39500 | 1796 y Fw(.)145 1914 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(As)33 b(a)f(crude)i(alternativ)m |
| | 39501 | (e,)e(that)g(is)g(also)g(p)s(eak)m(ed)i(at)e Fj(z)g Fw(=)c(1,)k(one)h |
| | 39502 | (ma)m(y)f(use)1638 2116 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))29 |
| | 39503 | b(=)e(\(1)22 b(+)g Fj(c)p Fw(\))p Fj(z)2290 2075 y Fh(c)2358 |
| | 39504 | 2116 y Fj(:)1172 b Fw(\(186\))145 2323 y Fn(\017)49 b |
| | 39505 | Fw(Bo)m(wler)38 b([Bo)m(w81)q(])g(has)h(sho)m(wn,)j(within)c(the)h |
| | 39506 | (framew)m(ork)f(of)h(the)g(Artru{Mennessier)h(mo)s(del)244 |
| | 39507 | 2432 y([Art74],)j(that)f(a)f(massiv)m(e)g(endp)s(oin)m(t)h(quark)g |
| | 39508 | (with)f(mass)g Fj(m)2558 2447 y Fh(Q)2660 2432 y Fw(leads)g(to)g(a)g |
| | 39509 | (mo)s(di\014cation)e(of)244 2540 y(the)h(symmetric)e(fragmen)m(tation)f |
| | 39510 | (function,)k(due)f(to)f(the)g(fact)g(that)g(the)h(string)f(area)g(sw)m |
| | 39511 | (ept)244 2648 y(out)k(is)h(reduced)h(for)e(massiv)m(e)h(endp)s(oin)m(t) |
| | 39512 | f(quarks,)48 b(compared)c(with)f(massless)h(ditto.)76 |
| | 39513 | b(The)244 2757 y(Artru{Mennessier)48 b(mo)s(del)d(in)g(principle)g |
| | 39514 | (only)h(applies)f(for)h(clusters)h(with)f(a)g(con)m(tin)m(uous)244 |
| | 39515 | 2865 y(mass)40 b(sp)s(ectrum,)i(and)e(do)s(es)g(not)g(allo)m(w)e(an)i |
| | 39516 | Fj(a)g Fw(term)f(\(i.e.)65 b Fj(a)41 b Fn(\021)f Fw(0\);)j(ho)m(w)m(ev) |
| | 39517 | m(er,)i(it)38 b(has)j(b)s(een)244 2973 y(sho)m(wn)29 |
| | 39518 | b([Mor89])e(that,)i(for)e(a)h(discrete)g(mass)g(sp)s(ectrum,)h(one)f |
| | 39519 | (ma)m(y)g(still)d(retain)i(an)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)g Fj(a)244 |
| | 39520 | 3082 y Fw(term.)42 b(In)29 b(the)g(program)e(an)i(appro)m(ximate)f |
| | 39521 | (form)g(with)g(an)h Fj(a)g Fw(term)f(has)h(therefore)h(b)s(een)f(used:) |
| | 39522 | 1021 3353 y Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))28 b Fn(/)1510 |
| | 39523 | 3286 y Fw(1)p 1348 3330 374 4 v 1348 3440 a Fj(z)1397 |
| | 39524 | 3395 y Fl(1+)p Fh(r)1519 3406 y Fe(Q)1572 3395 y Fh(bm)1664 |
| | 39525 | 3372 y Ff(2)1664 3419 y Fe(Q)1731 3353 y Fj(z)1780 3312 |
| | 39526 | y Fh(a)1817 3320 y Fe(\013)1884 3232 y Fg(\022)1955 3286 |
| | 39527 | y Fw(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(z)p 1955 3330 221 4 v 2040 3421 |
| | 39528 | a(z)2185 3232 y Fg(\023)2246 3248 y Fh(a)2283 3260 y |
| | 39529 | Fe(\014)2346 3353 y Fw(exp)2511 3207 y Fg( )2577 3353 |
| | 39530 | y Fn(\000)2664 3286 y Fj(bm)2790 3250 y Fl(2)2790 3310 |
| | 39531 | y Fk(?)p 2664 3330 186 4 v 2733 3421 a Fj(z)2860 3207 |
| | 39532 | y Fg(!)2975 3353 y Fj(:)555 b Fw(\(187\))244 3625 y(In)47 |
| | 39533 | b(principle)e(the)j(prediction)e(is)g(that)h Fj(r)1835 |
| | 39534 | 3640 y Fh(Q)1946 3625 y Fn(\021)53 b Fw(1,)d(but)d(so)g(as)g(to)f(b)s |
| | 39535 | (e)h(able)g(to)f(extrap)s(olate)244 3733 y(smo)s(othly)33 |
| | 39536 | b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(this)d(form)g(and)g(the)h(Lund)h(symmetric)d(one,) |
| | 39537 | j(it)d(is)i(p)s(ossible)f(to)g(pic)m(k)h Fj(r)3720 3748 |
| | 39538 | y Fh(Q)244 3841 y Fw(separately)e(for)f(c,)h(b)f(and)h(t)g(hadrons.)0 |
| | 39539 | 4088 y Fo(12.2.2)113 b(Joining)36 b(the)h(jets)0 4261 |
| | 39540 | y Fw(The)d Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))34 b(form)m(ula)e(ab)s(o)m(v) |
| | 39541 | m(e)i(is)f(only)g(v)-5 b(alid,)32 b(for)h(the)h(breakup)h(of)e(a)g(jet) |
| | 39542 | h(system)g(in)m(to)f(a)g(hadron)h(plus)0 4369 y(a)39 |
| | 39543 | b(remainder-system,)h(when)g(the)f(remainder)f(mass)h(is)f(large.)62 |
| | 39544 | b(If)38 b(the)i(fragmen)m(tation)d(algorithm)0 4478 y(w)m(ere)42 |
| | 39545 | b(to)e(b)s(e)h(used)h(all)d(the)i(w)m(a)m(y)h(from)e(the)h(q)g(end)g |
| | 39546 | (to)g(the)p 2261 4425 52 4 v 41 w(q)g(one,)i(the)e(mass)g(of)f(the)h |
| | 39547 | (last)f(hadron)0 4586 y(to)f(b)s(e)h(formed)f(at)g(the)p |
| | 39548 | 903 4533 V 41 w(q)h(end)g(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)f(completely)g(constrained)h |
| | 39549 | (b)m(y)g(energy)h(and)f(momen)m(tum)0 4694 y(conserv)-5 |
| | 39550 | b(ation,)33 b(and)g(could)g(not)g(b)s(e)g(on)g(its)g(mass)g(shell.)44 |
| | 39551 | b(In)33 b(theory)h(it)e(is)g(kno)m(wn)j(ho)m(w)e(to)g(tak)m(e)h(suc)m |
| | 39552 | (h)0 4803 y(e\013ects)43 b(in)m(to)f(accoun)m(t,)j(but)e(the)f |
| | 39553 | (resulting)f(form)m(ulae)g(are)h(wholly)f(unsuitable)h(for)f(Mon)m(te)i |
| | 39554 | (Carlo)0 4911 y(implemen)m(tation.)146 5019 y(The)29 |
| | 39555 | b(practical)e(solution)g(to)h(this)f(problem)g(is)h(to)g(carry)g(out)g |
| | 39556 | (the)h(fragmen)m(tation)d(b)s(oth)i(from)f(the)0 5128 |
| | 39557 | y(q)e(and)f(the)p 417 5075 V 25 w(q)g(end,)j(suc)m(h)f(that)e(for)g |
| | 39558 | (eac)m(h)h(new)g(step)g(in)f(the)g(fragmen)m(tation)f(pro)s(cess,)k(a)d |
| | 39559 | (random)f(c)m(hoice)0 5236 y(is)33 b(made)h(as)g(to)g(from)e(what)i |
| | 39560 | (side)g(the)h(step)f(is)g(to)f(b)s(e)i(tak)m(en.)48 b(If)34 |
| | 39561 | b(the)g(step)h(is)e(on)h(the)h(q)f(side,)g(then)h Fj(z)0 |
| | 39562 | 5344 y Fw(is)d(in)m(terpreted)h(as)f(fraction)f(of)h(the)g(remaining)e |
| | 39563 | Fj(E)e Fw(+)21 b Fj(p)2057 5359 y Fh(z)2129 5344 y Fw(of)31 |
| | 39564 | b(the)i(system,)g(while)f Fj(z)37 b Fw(is)31 b(in)m(terpreted)i(as)0 |
| | 39565 | 5453 y Fj(E)21 b Fn(\000)15 b Fj(p)234 5468 y Fh(z)302 |
| | 39566 | 5453 y Fw(fraction)28 b(for)g(a)h(step)h(from)d(the)p |
| | 39567 | 1476 5400 V 30 w(q)i(end.)43 b(A)m(t)29 b(some)g(p)s(oin)m(t,)g(when)h |
| | 39568 | (the)f(remaining)e(mass)i(of)f(the)0 5561 y(system)j(has)f(dropp)s(ed)h |
| | 39569 | (b)s(elo)m(w)f(a)f(giv)m(en)i(v)-5 b(alue,)30 b(it)f(is)g(decided)i |
| | 39570 | (that)f(the)g(next)h(breakup)g(will)d(pro)s(duce)0 5669 |
| | 39571 | y(t)m(w)m(o)35 b(\014nal)f(hadrons,)i(rather)e(than)h(a)f(hadron)h(and) |
| | 39572 | f(a)h(remainder-system.)49 b(Since)35 b(the)g(momen)m(ta)e(of)1817 |
| | 39573 | 5953 y(235)p eop |
| | 39574 | %%Page: 236 242 |
| | 39575 | 236 241 bop 0 -18 a Fw(t)m(w)m(o)33 b(hadrons)g(are)f(to)h(b)s(e)f |
| | 39576 | (selected,)i(rather)e(than)h(that)f(of)g(one)h(only)-8 |
| | 39577 | b(,)32 b(there)h(are)f(enough)h(degrees)h(of)0 90 y(freedom)e(to)g(ha)m |
| | 39578 | (v)m(e)i(b)s(oth)f(total)e(energy)i(and)g(total)e(momen)m(tum)g |
| | 39579 | (completely)h(conserv)m(ed.)146 198 y(The)44 b(mass)f(at)g(whic)m(h)h |
| | 39580 | (the)f(normal)f(fragmen)m(tation)f(pro)s(cess)j(is)f(stopp)s(ed)h(and)f |
| | 39581 | (the)g(\014nal)g(t)m(w)m(o)0 307 y(hadrons)34 b(formed)f(is)g(not)g |
| | 39582 | (actually)g(a)g(free)h(parameter)f(of)g(the)h(mo)s(del:)44 |
| | 39583 | b(it)32 b(is)h(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)h(the)f(require-)0 415 |
| | 39584 | y(men)m(t)29 b(that)g(the)h(string)f(ev)m(erywhere)j(lo)s(oks)d(the)h |
| | 39585 | (same,)g(i.e.)41 b(that)30 b(the)f(rapidit)m(y)g(spacing)g(of)g(the)g |
| | 39586 | (\014nal)0 523 y(t)m(w)m(o)e(hadrons,)i(in)m(ternally)c(and)h(with)h |
| | 39587 | (resp)s(ect)g(to)g(surrounding)f(hadrons,)j(is)d(the)h(same)f(as)h |
| | 39588 | (elsewhere)0 632 y(in)32 b(the)i(fragmen)m(tation)d(pro)s(cess.)46 |
| | 39589 | b(The)34 b(stopping)f(mass,)g(for)f(a)h(giv)m(en)g(setup)h(of)f |
| | 39590 | (fragmen)m(tation)e(pa-)0 740 y(rameters,)25 b(has)f(therefore)g(b)s |
| | 39591 | (een)g(determined)g(in)e(separate)j(runs.)41 b(If)23 |
| | 39592 | b(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)d(parameters)0 848 y(are)38 |
| | 39593 | b(c)m(hanged,)i(some)d(retuning)h(should)f(b)s(e)h(done)g(but,)i(in)d |
| | 39594 | (practice,)i(reasonable)e(c)m(hanges)i(can)f(b)s(e)0 |
| | 39595 | 957 y(made)32 b(without)g(an)m(y)h(sp)s(ecial)f(arrangemen)m(ts.)146 |
| | 39596 | 1065 y(Consider)26 b(a)g(fragmen)m(tation)d(pro)s(cess)k(whic)m(h)f |
| | 39597 | (has)g(already)g(split)e(o\013)h(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)g(hadrons)g |
| | 39598 | (from)0 1173 y(the)j(q)h(and)p 431 1120 52 4 v 29 w(q)g(sides,)g(lea)m |
| | 39599 | (ving)e(b)s(ehind)h(a)g(a)g(q)1623 1188 y Fh(i)p 1651 |
| | 39600 | 1120 V 1651 1173 a Fw(q)1703 1197 y Fh(j)1768 1173 y |
| | 39601 | Fw(remainder)f(system.)44 b(When)30 b(this)e(system)i(breaks)h(b)m(y)0 |
| | 39602 | 1282 y(the)k(pro)s(duction)f(of)g(a)g(q)915 1297 y Fh(n)p |
| | 39603 | 963 1229 V 963 1282 a Fw(q)1014 1305 y Fh(n)1096 1282 |
| | 39604 | y Fw(pair,)g(it)f(is)h(decided)h(to)g(mak)m(e)f(this)h(pair)e(the)i |
| | 39605 | (\014nal)f(one,)h(and)g(pro)s(duce)0 1390 y(the)e(last)f(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 39606 | (hadrons)g(q)957 1405 y Fh(i)p 986 1337 V 986 1390 a |
| | 39607 | Fw(q)1037 1413 y Fh(n)1117 1390 y Fw(and)f(q)1357 1405 |
| | 39608 | y Fh(n)p 1405 1337 V 1405 1390 a Fw(q)1456 1413 y Fh(j)1493 |
| | 39609 | 1390 y Fw(,)h(if)958 1610 y(\(\()p Fj(E)28 b Fw(+)22 |
| | 39610 | b Fj(p)1281 1625 y Fh(z)1321 1610 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(E)28 |
| | 39611 | b Fn(\000)22 b Fj(p)1645 1625 y Fh(z)1685 1610 y Fw(\)\))1761 |
| | 39612 | 1625 y Fl(remaining)2100 1610 y Fw(=)27 b Fj(W)2309 1569 |
| | 39613 | y Fl(2)2295 1635 y(rem)2445 1610 y Fj(<)g(W)2654 1569 |
| | 39614 | y Fl(2)2640 1635 y(min)2795 1610 y Fj(:)735 b Fw(\(188\))0 |
| | 39615 | 1810 y(The)34 b Fj(W)293 1825 y Fl(min)447 1810 y Fw(is)e(calculated)g |
| | 39616 | (according)g(to)915 2010 y Fj(W)1007 2025 y Fl(min)1156 |
| | 39617 | 2010 y Fw(=)c(\()p Fj(W)1390 2025 y Fl(min)n(0)1569 2010 |
| | 39618 | y Fw(+)22 b Fj(m)1752 2025 y Fl(q)p Fh(i)1840 2010 y |
| | 39619 | Fw(+)g Fj(m)2023 2025 y Fl(q)p Fh(j)2119 2010 y Fw(+)g |
| | 39620 | Fj(k)e(m)2373 2025 y Fl(q)p Fh(n)2457 2010 y Fw(\))d(\(1)22 |
| | 39621 | b Fn(\006)g Fj(\016)t Fw(\))33 b Fj(:)692 b Fw(\(189\))0 |
| | 39622 | 2210 y(Here)31 b Fj(W)320 2225 y Fl(min)o(0)507 2210 |
| | 39623 | y Fw(is)f(the)g(main)f(free)h(parameter,)g(t)m(ypically)f(around)h(1)g |
| | 39624 | (GeV,)g(determined)g(to)g(giv)m(e)g(a)g(\015at)0 2318 |
| | 39625 | y(rapidit)m(y)25 b(plateau)h(\(separately)h(for)f(eac)m(h)h(particle)e |
| | 39626 | (sp)s(ecies\),)k(while)c(the)i(default)f Fj(k)k Fw(=)e(2)e(corresp)s |
| | 39627 | (onds)0 2426 y(to)36 b(the)g(mass)g(of)f(the)h(\014nal)g(pair)e(b)s |
| | 39628 | (eing)i(tak)m(en)g(fully)f(in)m(to)g(accoun)m(t.)54 b(Smaller)34 |
| | 39629 | b(v)-5 b(alues)36 b(ma)m(y)f(also)g(b)s(e)0 2535 y(considered,)h(dep)s |
| | 39630 | (ending)f(on)f(what)h(criteria)e(are)i(used)g(to)g(de\014ne)g(the)g(`b) |
| | 39631 | s(est')h(joining)c(of)i(the)h(q)g(and)0 2643 y(the)p |
| | 39632 | 162 2590 V 27 w(q)27 b(c)m(hain.)41 b(The)28 b(factor)e(1)10 |
| | 39633 | b Fn(\006)g Fj(\016)t Fw(,)28 b(b)m(y)f(default)f(ev)m(enly)i |
| | 39634 | (distributed)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(0.8)e(and)h(1.2,)h(signi\014es)e(a)0 |
| | 39635 | 2751 y(smearing)c(of)g(the)h Fj(W)754 2766 y Fl(min)898 |
| | 39636 | 2751 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue,)25 b(to)d(a)m(v)m(oid)h(an)f(abrupt)h(and)g |
| | 39637 | (unph)m(ysical)g(cut-o\013)f(in)g(the)h(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)22 |
| | 39638 | b(mass)0 2860 y(distribution)36 b(of)i(the)h(\014nal)e(t)m(w)m(o)i |
| | 39639 | (hadrons.)61 b(Still,)37 b(this)h(distribution)e(will)g(b)s(e)j |
| | 39640 | (somewhat)f(di\013eren)m(t)0 2968 y(from)30 b(that)i(of)f(an)m(y)h(t)m |
| | 39641 | (w)m(o)g(adjacen)m(t)g(hadrons)g(elsewhere.)45 b(Due)32 |
| | 39642 | b(to)f(the)h(cut)g(there)g(will)d(b)s(e)j(no)g(tail)d(up)0 |
| | 39643 | 3077 y(to)37 b(v)m(ery)j(high)c(masses;)42 b(there)c(are)g(also)e(few)m |
| | 39644 | (er)j(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(close)e(to)f(the)h(lo)m(w)m(er)g(limit,)e(where)j |
| | 39645 | (the)f(t)m(w)m(o)0 3185 y(hadrons)33 b(are)g(formed)f(at)g(rest)h(with) |
| | 39646 | f(resp)s(ect)i(to)e(eac)m(h)i(other.)146 3293 y(This)i(pro)s(cedure)h |
| | 39647 | (do)s(es)f(not)f(w)m(ork)h(all)e(that)h(w)m(ell)g(for)g(hea)m(vy)i |
| | 39648 | (\015a)m(v)m(ours,)h(since)e(it)e(do)s(es)i(not)g(fully)0 |
| | 39649 | 3402 y(tak)m(e)e(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t)i(the)f(harder)g(fragmen)m |
| | 39650 | (tation)f(function)g(encoun)m(tered.)47 b(Therefore,)34 |
| | 39651 | b(in)e(addition)0 3510 y(to)23 b(the)i(c)m(hec)m(k)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)g |
| | 39652 | (one)e(further)g(test)h(is)e(p)s(erformed)h(for)f(c)m(harm)g(and)h(hea) |
| | 39653 | m(vier)h(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)i(as)d(follo)m(ws.)0 3618 |
| | 39654 | y(If)i(the)h(c)m(hec)m(k)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(allo)m(ws)e(more)g |
| | 39655 | (particle)g(pro)s(duction,)i(a)f(hea)m(vy)i(hadron)e(q)2887 |
| | 39656 | 3633 y Fh(i)p 2915 3565 V 2915 3618 a Fw(q)2967 3642 |
| | 39657 | y Fh(n)3040 3618 y Fw(is)g(formed,)g(lea)m(ving)0 3727 |
| | 39658 | y(a)38 b(remainder)f(q)604 3742 y Fh(n)p 651 3674 V 651 |
| | 39659 | 3727 a Fw(q)703 3750 y Fh(j)739 3727 y Fw(.)60 b(The)39 |
| | 39660 | b(range)f(of)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f Fj(z)43 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)39 |
| | 39661 | b(i.e.)60 b(the)38 b(fraction)f(of)g(remaining)f Fj(E)c |
| | 39662 | Fw(+)26 b Fj(p)3740 3742 y Fh(z)0 3835 y Fw(that)i(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 39663 | (tak)m(en)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(q)1149 3850 y Fh(i)p 1177 3782 |
| | 39664 | V 1177 3835 a Fw(q)1229 3858 y Fh(n)1304 3835 y Fw(hadron,)g(is)e |
| | 39665 | (constrained)i(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)g(from)e(0)h(and)g(1)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(q) |
| | 39666 | 3417 3850 y Fh(i)p 3446 3782 V 3446 3835 a Fw(q)3498 |
| | 39667 | 3858 y Fh(n)3573 3835 y Fw(mass)0 3943 y(and)f(minimal)c(mass)k(of)g |
| | 39668 | (the)g(q)1111 3958 y Fh(n)p 1159 3890 V 1159 3943 a Fw(q)1210 |
| | 39669 | 3967 y Fh(j)1274 3943 y Fw(system.)43 b(The)28 b(limits)c(of)j(the)g |
| | 39670 | (ph)m(ysical)g Fj(z)32 b Fw(range)27 b(is)g(obtained)f(when)0 |
| | 39671 | 4052 y(the)42 b(q)228 4067 y Fh(n)p 276 3999 V 276 4052 |
| | 39672 | a Fw(q)327 4075 y Fh(j)406 4052 y Fw(system)g(only)g(consists)h(of)e |
| | 39673 | (one)h(single)f(particle,)i(whic)m(h)f(then)h(has)f(a)g(w)m |
| | 39674 | (ell-determined)0 4197 y(transv)m(erse)c(mass)d Fj(m)792 |
| | 39675 | 4146 y Fl(\(0\))792 4222 y Fk(?)887 4197 y Fw(.)53 b(F)-8 |
| | 39676 | b(rom)34 b(the)i Fj(z)k Fw(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(obtained)f(with)g(the)h |
| | 39677 | (in\014nite-energy)f(fragmen)m(tation)0 4305 y(function)d(form)m(ulae,) |
| | 39678 | f(a)h(rescaled)i Fj(z)1310 4269 y Fk(0)1366 4305 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 39679 | b(alue)32 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(these)f(limits)29 b(is)j(giv)m(en)h(b)m |
| | 39680 | (y)58 4649 y Fj(z)107 4608 y Fk(0)159 4649 y Fw(=)272 |
| | 39681 | 4581 y(1)p 272 4626 49 4 v 272 4717 a(2)348 4425 y Fg(8)348 |
| | 39682 | 4499 y(>)348 4524 y(>)348 4549 y(<)348 4699 y(>)348 4723 |
| | 39683 | y(>)348 4748 y(:)422 4649 y Fw(1)21 b(+)602 4581 y Fj(m)687 |
| | 39684 | 4545 y Fl(2)687 4606 y Fk(?)p Fh(in)p 600 4626 214 4 |
| | 39685 | v 600 4717 a Fj(W)706 4688 y Fl(2)692 4742 y(rem)846 |
| | 39686 | 4649 y Fn(\000)956 4574 y Fj(m)1041 4523 y Fl(\(0\)2)1041 |
| | 39687 | 4599 y Fk(?)p Fh(nj)p 956 4626 220 4 v 959 4717 a Fj(W)1065 |
| | 39688 | 4688 y Fl(2)1051 4742 y(rem)1208 4649 y Fw(+)1306 4435 |
| | 39689 | y Fg(v)1306 4482 y(u)1306 4532 y(u)1306 4582 y(u)1306 |
| | 39690 | 4631 y(t)p 1393 4435 1595 4 v 1393 4478 a(0)1393 4627 |
| | 39691 | y(@)1466 4649 y Fw(1)h Fn(\000)1648 4581 y Fj(m)1733 |
| | 39692 | 4547 y Fl(2)1733 4606 y Fk(?)p Fh(in)p 1647 4626 214 |
| | 39693 | 4 v 1647 4717 a Fj(W)1753 4688 y Fl(2)1739 4742 y(rem)1893 |
| | 39694 | 4649 y Fn(\000)2002 4574 y Fj(m)2087 4523 y Fl(\(0\)2)2087 |
| | 39695 | 4599 y Fk(?)p Fh(nj)p 2002 4626 220 4 v 2005 4717 a Fj(W)2111 |
| | 39696 | 4688 y Fl(2)2097 4742 y(rem)2232 4478 y Fg(1)2232 4627 |
| | 39697 | y(A)2304 4500 y Fl(2)2366 4649 y Fn(\000)g Fw(4)2525 |
| | 39698 | 4581 y Fj(m)2610 4547 y Fl(2)2610 4606 y Fk(?)p Fh(in)p |
| | 39699 | 2524 4626 214 4 v 2524 4717 a Fj(W)2630 4688 y Fl(2)2616 |
| | 39700 | 4742 y(rem)2758 4574 y Fj(m)2843 4523 y Fl(\(0\)2)2843 |
| | 39701 | 4599 y Fk(?)p Fh(nj)p 2758 4626 220 4 v 2761 4717 a Fj(W)2867 |
| | 39702 | 4688 y Fl(2)2853 4742 y(rem)3004 4649 y Fw(\(2)p Fj(z)27 |
| | 39703 | b Fn(\000)22 b Fw(1\))3349 4425 y Fg(9)3349 4499 y(>)3349 |
| | 39704 | 4524 y(>)3349 4549 y(=)3349 4699 y(>)3349 4723 y(>)3349 |
| | 39705 | 4748 y(;)3472 4649 y Fj(:)58 b Fw(\(190\))0 5024 y(F)-8 |
| | 39706 | b(rom)35 b(the)i Fj(z)481 4988 y Fk(0)542 5024 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 39707 | b(alue,)37 b(the)g(actual)f(transv)m(erse)i(mass)f Fj(m)2089 |
| | 39708 | 5039 y Fk(?)p Fh(nj)2258 5024 y Fn(\025)e Fj(m)2455 4973 |
| | 39709 | y Fl(\(0\))2455 5049 y Fk(?)p Fh(nj)2626 5024 y Fw(of)h(the)h(q)2964 |
| | 39710 | 5039 y Fh(n)p 3012 4971 52 4 v 3012 5024 a Fw(q)3063 |
| | 39711 | 5047 y Fh(j)3136 5024 y Fw(system)h(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)0 |
| | 39712 | 5132 y(calculated.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)26 b(more)g(than)g(one)h(particle)f |
| | 39713 | (to)g(b)s(e)h(pro)s(duced)h(out)e(of)h(this)f(system,)j(the)e |
| | 39714 | (requiremen)m(t)689 5401 y Fj(m)774 5360 y Fl(2)774 5425 |
| | 39715 | y Fk(?)p Fh(nj)936 5401 y Fw(=)h(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(z)1297 |
| | 39716 | 5360 y Fk(0)1321 5401 y Fw(\))1392 5255 y Fg( )1458 5401 |
| | 39717 | y Fj(W)1564 5360 y Fl(2)1550 5425 y(rem)1694 5401 y Fn(\000)1804 |
| | 39718 | 5333 y Fj(m)1889 5297 y Fl(2)1889 5358 y Fk(?)p Fh(in)p |
| | 39719 | 1804 5377 212 4 v 1873 5469 a Fj(z)1922 5440 y Fk(0)2025 |
| | 39720 | 5255 y Fg(!)2118 5401 y Fj(>)28 b Fw(\()p Fj(m)2345 5416 |
| | 39721 | y Fh(q)r(j)2438 5401 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(W)2628 5416 y Fl(min)o(0)2785 |
| | 39722 | 5401 y Fw(\))2823 5360 y Fl(2)2884 5401 y Fw(+)g Fj(p)3031 |
| | 39723 | 5360 y Fl(2)3031 5425 y Fk(?)3557 5401 y Fw(\(191\))0 |
| | 39724 | 5669 y(has)33 b(to)f(b)s(e)h(ful\014lled.)41 b(If)33 |
| | 39725 | b(not,)f(the)h(q)1330 5684 y Fh(n)p 1378 5616 52 4 v |
| | 39726 | 1378 5669 a Fw(q)1429 5693 y Fh(j)1498 5669 y Fw(system)h(is)e(assumed) |
| | 39727 | h(to)g(collapse)e(to)h(one)h(single)f(particle.)1817 |
| | 39728 | 5953 y(236)p eop |
| | 39729 | %%Page: 237 243 |
| | 39730 | 237 242 bop 146 -18 a Fw(The)29 b(consequence)i(of)c(the)h(pro)s |
| | 39731 | (cedure)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(is)e(that,)i(the)f(more)f(the)h(in\014nite)f |
| | 39732 | (energy)i(fragmen-)0 90 y(tation)i(function)g Fj(f)11 |
| | 39733 | b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))33 b(is)e(p)s(eak)m(ed)j(close)e(to)g |
| | 39734 | Fj(z)g Fw(=)c(1,)k(the)g(more)f(lik)m(ely)g(it)g(is)h(that)g(only)g(t)m |
| | 39735 | (w)m(o)g(particles)0 198 y(are)e(pro)s(duced.)44 b(In)30 |
| | 39736 | b(particular,)f(for)h(t)p 1402 127 38 4 v(t)g(systems,)i(where)g(v)m |
| | 39737 | (ery)g(large)d Fn(h)p Fj(z)t Fn(i)h Fw(v)-5 b(alues)30 |
| | 39738 | b(are)h(predicted,)g(the)0 307 y(exp)s(ectation)h(is)g(that)f(t)m(w)m |
| | 39739 | (o)i(particle)e(\014nal)g(states)i(will)c(dominate)i(far)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
| | 39740 | (e)i(the)f(threshold)g(region.)0 415 y(The)f(pro)s(cedure)g(ab)s(o)m(v) |
| | 39741 | m(e)f(has)h(b)s(een)f(constructed)i(so)e(that)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 39742 | (particle)d(fraction)h(can)h(b)s(e)g(calcu-)0 523 y(lated)g(directly)g |
| | 39743 | (from)g(the)h(shap)s(e)h(of)e Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t |
| | 39744 | Fw(\))32 b(and)f(the)g(\(appro)m(ximate\))f(mass)g(sp)s(ectrum,)i(but)f |
| | 39745 | (it)f(is)h(not)0 632 y(unique.)53 b(F)-8 b(or)35 b(the)g(symmetric)g |
| | 39746 | (Lund)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(function,)i(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f |
| | 39747 | (alternativ)m(es)g(tried)0 740 y(all)e(giv)m(e)j(essen)m(tially)f(the)h |
| | 39748 | (same)g(result,)g(whereas)h(other)f(fragmen)m(tation)d(functions)j(ma)m |
| | 39749 | (y)f(b)s(e)h(more)0 848 y(sensitiv)m(e)d(to)g(details.)146 |
| | 39750 | 957 y(Assume)39 b(no)m(w)f(that)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(\014nal)d(hadrons)i(ha)m |
| | 39751 | (v)m(e)h(b)s(een)g(pic)m(k)m(ed.)59 b(If)38 b(the)g(transv)m(erse)h |
| | 39752 | (mass)f(of)f(the)0 1065 y(remainder-system)d(is)f(smaller)g(than)h(the) |
| | 39753 | g(sum)g(of)g(transv)m(erse)i(masses)f(of)f(the)h(\014nal)e(t)m(w)m(o)i |
| | 39754 | (hadrons,)0 1173 y(the)g(whole)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(c)m(hain)i(is)f |
| | 39755 | (rejected,)j(and)e(started)g(o)m(v)m(er)h(from)e(the)h(q)h(and)p |
| | 39756 | 3254 1120 52 4 v 35 w(q)f(endp)s(oin)m(ts.)0 1282 y(This)f(do)s(es)g |
| | 39757 | (not)f(in)m(tro)s(duce)h(an)m(y)g(signi\014can)m(t)f(bias,)g(since)h |
| | 39758 | (the)g(decision)f(to)g(reject)h(a)f(fragmen)m(tation)0 |
| | 39759 | 1390 y(c)m(hain)24 b(only)h(dep)s(ends)h(on)e(what)h(happ)s(ens)h(in)e |
| | 39760 | (the)h(v)m(ery)h(last)e(step,)j(sp)s(eci\014cally)d(that)g(the)i |
| | 39761 | (next-to-last)0 1498 y(step)33 b(to)s(ok)g(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)h(to)s(o)d(m)m |
| | 39762 | (uc)m(h)i(energy)-8 b(,)34 b(and)f(not)f(on)h(what)f(happ)s(ened)i(in)e |
| | 39763 | (the)h(steps)h(b)s(efore)f(that.)146 1607 y(If,)c(on)g(the)f(other)h |
| | 39764 | (hand,)g(the)g(remainder-mass)e(is)h(large)f(enough,)i(there)g(are)g(t) |
| | 39765 | m(w)m(o)f(kinematically)0 1715 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)46 b(solutions)f(for)i |
| | 39766 | (the)g(\014nal)e(t)m(w)m(o)j(hadrons:)72 b(the)47 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(mirror) |
| | 39767 | e(images)g(in)h(the)h(rest)g(frame)0 1823 y(of)c(the)g |
| | 39768 | (remainder-system.)75 b(Also)43 b(the)g(c)m(hoice)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h |
| | 39769 | (these)f(t)m(w)m(o)g(solutions)e(is)h(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(the)0 |
| | 39770 | 1932 y(consistency)f(requiremen)m(ts,)g(and)e(can)h(b)s(e)f(deriv)m(ed) |
| | 39771 | g(from)f(studies)h(of)g(in\014nite)f(energy)i(jets.)69 |
| | 39772 | b(The)0 2040 y(probabilit)m(y)42 b(for)i(the)h(rev)m(erse)i(ordering,)g |
| | 39773 | (i.e.)78 b(where)46 b(the)f(rapidit)m(y)e(and)i(the)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)i |
| | 39774 | (orderings)0 2148 y(disagree,)33 b(is)f(parametrized)f(b)m(y)1234 |
| | 39775 | 2401 y Fn(P)1303 2416 y Fl(rev)n(erse)1547 2401 y Fw(=)1661 |
| | 39776 | 2334 y(1)p 1661 2378 49 4 v 1661 2469 a(2)1736 2280 y |
| | 39777 | Fg(\022)1807 2334 y Fj(m)1892 2349 y Fk(?)p Fh(in)2040 |
| | 39778 | 2334 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(m)2223 2349 y Fk(?)p Fh(nj)p 1807 |
| | 39779 | 2378 551 4 v 1976 2469 a Fj(W)2068 2484 y Fl(rem)2368 |
| | 39780 | 2280 y Fg(\023)2429 2302 y Fh(d)2519 2401 y Fj(:)1011 |
| | 39781 | b Fw(\(192\))0 2642 y(F)-8 b(or)30 b(symmetric)h(fragmen)m(tation,)f |
| | 39782 | (the)h(ordering)g(is)g(exp)s(ected)i(to)e(b)s(e)g(increasingly)g |
| | 39783 | (strict)g(when)h(the)0 2750 y(particles)37 b(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed)h(are)g |
| | 39784 | (more)e(massiv)m(e.)59 b(In)38 b(the)g(program)f(it)f(is)h(therefore)i |
| | 39785 | (assumed)f(that)f Fj(d)h Fw(is)f(a)0 2859 y(function)32 |
| | 39786 | b(of)g(the)h(masses,)h Fj(d)27 b Fw(=)h Fj(d)1243 2874 |
| | 39787 | y Fl(0)1282 2859 y Fw(\()p Fj(m)1405 2874 y Fk(?)p Fh(in)1553 |
| | 39788 | 2859 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(m)1736 2874 y Fk(?)p Fh(nj)1871 2859 |
| | 39789 | y Fw(\))1909 2822 y Fl(2)1948 2859 y Fw(,)33 b(where)g |
| | 39790 | Fj(d)2340 2874 y Fl(0)2412 2859 y Fw(is)f(a)g(free)h(parameter.)146 |
| | 39791 | 2967 y(When)38 b(bary)m(on)f(pro)s(duction)f(is)g(included,)h(some)g |
| | 39792 | (particular)e(problems)g(arise.)56 b(First)35 b(consider)0 |
| | 39793 | 3075 y Fj(B)p 79 2997 80 4 v 5 w(B)46 b Fw(situations.)69 |
| | 39794 | b(In)41 b(the)h(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)42 b(iterativ)m(e)e(sc)m |
| | 39795 | (heme,)45 b(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)d(from)e(the)i(middle)d(of)i(the)h(ev)m(en)m |
| | 39796 | (t,)j(one)0 3184 y(already)31 b(has)h(a)g(quark)h(and)e(is)h(to)f(c)m |
| | 39797 | (hose)i(a)f(matc)m(hing)e(diquark)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(or)e(the)h(other) |
| | 39798 | g(w)m(a)m(y)h(around.)0 3292 y(In)28 b(either)f(case)h(the)f(c)m(hoice) |
| | 39799 | h(of)f(the)h(new)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(can)f(b)s(e)h(done)g(taking)e(in)m |
| | 39800 | (to)h(accoun)m(t)h(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)0 3400 |
| | 39801 | y Fo(SU\(6\))d Fw(states)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)23 b(for)h(the)i |
| | 39802 | (quark-diquark)f(com)m(bination.)39 b(F)-8 b(or)24 b(a)h(case)h(where)g |
| | 39803 | (the)f(\014nal)g(q)3634 3415 y Fh(n)p 3681 3347 52 4 |
| | 39804 | v 3681 3400 a Fw(q)3733 3424 y Fh(n)0 3509 y Fw(breakup)30 |
| | 39805 | b(is)e(an)g(an)m(tidiquark-diquark)g(one,)i(the)f(w)m(eigh)m(ts)g(for)g |
| | 39806 | (forming)d(q)2738 3524 y Fh(i)p 2767 3456 V 2767 3509 |
| | 39807 | a Fw(q)2818 3532 y Fh(n)2894 3509 y Fw(and)i(q)3130 3524 |
| | 39808 | y Fh(n)p 3178 3456 V 3178 3509 a Fw(q)3229 3532 y Fh(i)3286 |
| | 39809 | 3509 y Fw(en)m(ter)i(at)e(the)0 3617 y(same)j(time,)f(ho)m(w)m(ev)m |
| | 39810 | (er.)46 b(W)-8 b(e)32 b(do)f(not)g(kno)m(w)i(ho)m(w)f(to)f(handle)g |
| | 39811 | (this)g(problem;)f(what)i(is)f(done)h(is)f(to)g(use)0 |
| | 39812 | 3725 y(w)m(eigh)m(ts)j(as)e(usual)h(for)f(the)h(q)1091 |
| | 39813 | 3740 y Fh(i)p 1120 3673 V 1120 3725 a Fw(q)1171 3749 |
| | 39814 | y Fh(n)1251 3725 y Fw(bary)m(on)g(to)f(select)i(q)2013 |
| | 39815 | 3740 y Fh(n)2060 3725 y Fw(,)f(but)g(then)g(consider)g(q)2952 |
| | 39816 | 3740 y Fh(n)p 3000 3673 V 3000 3725 a Fw(q)3051 3749 |
| | 39817 | y Fh(i)3112 3725 y Fw(as)g(giv)m(en)g(\(or)f(the)0 3834 |
| | 39818 | y(other)e(w)m(a)m(y)i(around)e(with)g(equal)g(probabilit)m(y\).)40 |
| | 39819 | b(If)30 b(q)1970 3849 y Fh(n)p 2018 3781 V 2018 3834 |
| | 39820 | a Fw(q)2069 3857 y Fh(i)2127 3834 y Fw(turns)h(out)f(to)g(b)s(e)g(an)g |
| | 39821 | (an)m(tidiquark-diquark)0 3942 y(com)m(bination,)25 b(the)i(whole)e |
| | 39822 | (fragmen)m(tation)f(c)m(hain)i(is)f(rejected,)k(since)d(w)m(e)h(do)f |
| | 39823 | (not)g(kno)m(w)h(ho)m(w)f(to)g(form)0 4050 y(corresp)s(onding)36 |
| | 39824 | b(hadrons.)55 b(A)36 b(similar)d(problem)i(arises,)i(and)g(is)e(solv)m |
| | 39825 | (ed)i(in)f(the)g(same)g(spirit,)g(for)g(a)0 4159 y Fj(B)5 |
| | 39826 | b(M)p 183 4081 80 4 v 10 w(B)39 b Fw(con\014guration)32 |
| | 39827 | b(in)h(whic)m(h)h(the)f Fj(B)38 b Fw(\(or)p 1720 4081 |
| | 39828 | V 33 w Fj(B)5 b Fw(\))33 b(w)m(as)h(c)m(hosen)h(as)f(third-last)d |
| | 39829 | (particle.)44 b(When)34 b(only)0 4277 y(t)m(w)m(o)g(particles)e(remain) |
| | 39830 | g(to)h(b)s(e)h(generated,)g(it)e(is)h(ob)m(viously)g(to)s(o)g(late)f |
| | 39831 | (to)h(consider)g(ha)m(ving)g(a)g Fj(B)5 b(M)p 3699 4199 |
| | 39832 | V 10 w(B)0 4385 y Fw(con\014guration.)60 b(This)39 b(is)f(as)h(it)e |
| | 39833 | (should,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(as)c(can)f(b)s(e)h(found)g(b)m(y)g(lo)s |
| | 39834 | (oking)e(at)h(all)e(p)s(ossible)0 4493 y(w)m(a)m(ys)e(a)f(hadron)f(of)g |
| | 39835 | (giv)m(en)h(rank)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(a)f(bary)m(on.)146 4602 |
| | 39836 | y(While)i(some)h(practical)f(compromises)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 39837 | (accepted)i(in)d(the)h(joining)e(pro)s(cedure,)k(the)0 |
| | 39838 | 4710 y(fact)d(that)g(the)g(joining)e(tak)m(es)j(place)f(in)f |
| | 39839 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(parts)g(of)g(the)g(string)g(in)f(di\013eren)m(t)h(ev) |
| | 39840 | m(en)m(ts)i(means)0 4818 y(that,)c(in)g(the)h(end,)h(essen)m(tially)e |
| | 39841 | (no)g(visible)g(e\013ects)h(remain.)0 5063 y Fo(12.2.3)113 |
| | 39842 | b(String)36 b(motion)g(and)i(infrared)g(stabilit)m(y)0 |
| | 39843 | 5236 y Fw(W)-8 b(e)37 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(no)m(w)f(discussed)g(the)g(SF)f |
| | 39844 | (sc)m(heme)h(for)f(the)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(of)i(a)g(simple)e(q)p |
| | 39845 | 3224 5183 52 4 v(q)j(jet)f(system.)0 5344 y(In)42 b(order)g(to)f |
| | 39846 | (understand)i(ho)m(w)g(these)g(results)f(generalize)f(to)g(arbitrary)g |
| | 39847 | (jet)h(systems,)j(it)c(is)g(\014rst)0 5453 y(necessary)50 |
| | 39848 | b(to)e(understand)h(the)f(string)f(motion)f(for)i(the)g(case)h(when)g |
| | 39849 | (no)e(fragmen)m(tation)f(tak)m(es)0 5561 y(place.)d(In)33 |
| | 39850 | b(the)g(follo)m(wing)d(w)m(e)j(will)e(assume)i(that)f(quarks)i(as)f(w)m |
| | 39851 | (ell)e(as)i(gluons)f(are)h(massless,)g(but)g(all)0 5669 |
| | 39852 | y(argumen)m(ts)g(can)g(b)s(e)f(generalized)g(to)h(massiv)m(e)f(quarks)i |
| | 39853 | (without)e(to)s(o)g(m)m(uc)m(h)h(problem.)1817 5953 y(237)p |
| | 39854 | eop |
| | 39855 | %%Page: 238 244 |
| | 39856 | 238 243 bop 146 -18 a Fw(F)-8 b(or)44 b(a)g(q)p 477 -71 |
| | 39857 | 52 4 v(q)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(view)m(ed)g(in)d(the)i(c.m.)79 |
| | 39858 | b(frame,)46 b(with)e(total)f(energy)i Fj(W)14 b Fw(,)47 |
| | 39859 | b(the)e(partons)f(start)0 90 y(mo)m(ving)f(out)h(bac)m(k-to-bac)m(k,)k |
| | 39860 | (carrying)c(half)f(the)i(energy)g(eac)m(h.)80 b(As)45 |
| | 39861 | b(they)g(mo)m(v)m(e)g(apart,)h(energy)0 198 y(and)41 |
| | 39862 | b(momen)m(tum)e(is)h(lost)g(to)h(the)g(string.)67 b(When)42 |
| | 39863 | b(the)f(partons)g(are)g(a)g(distance)g Fj(W)s(=\024)f |
| | 39864 | Fw(apart,)j(all)0 307 y(the)k(energy)g(is)e(stored)i(in)e(the)i |
| | 39865 | (string.)84 b(The)47 b(partons)f(no)m(w)h(turn)f(around)g(and)g(come)g |
| | 39866 | (together)0 415 y(again)38 b(with)h(the)h(original)c(momen)m(tum)h(v)m |
| | 39867 | (ectors)k(rev)m(ersed.)66 b(This)40 b(corresp)s(onds)g(to)f(half)g(a)g |
| | 39868 | (p)s(erio)s(d)0 523 y(of)k(the)h(full)d(string)i(motion;)j(the)e |
| | 39869 | (second)h(half)d(the)i(pro)s(cess)g(is)f(rep)s(eated,)k(mirror-imaged.) |
| | 39870 | 71 b(F)-8 b(or)0 632 y(further)45 b(generalizations)d(to)i(m)m |
| | 39871 | (ultiparton)e(systems,)49 b(a)44 b(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)j(description)d |
| | 39872 | (of)g(the)g(energy)0 740 y(and)30 b(momen)m(tum)f(\015o)m(w)i(is)f(giv) |
| | 39873 | m(en)h(in)e(terms)i(of)f(`genes')h([Art83],)g(in\014nitesimal)c(pac)m |
| | 39874 | (k)m(ets)33 b(of)c(the)i(four-)0 848 y(momen)m(tum)c(giv)m(en)h(up)h(b) |
| | 39875 | m(y)g(the)f(partons)h(to)e(the)i(string.)41 b(Genes)29 |
| | 39876 | b(with)f Fj(p)2680 863 y Fh(z)2748 848 y Fw(=)f Fj(E)6 |
| | 39877 | b Fw(,)29 b(emitted)f(from)e(the)j(q)0 957 y(end)j(in)g(the)g(initial)c |
| | 39878 | (stages)k(of)g(the)g(string)f(motion)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)j(will)c(mo)m(v) |
| | 39879 | m(e)j(in)f(the)p 2934 904 V 33 w(q)h(direction)f(with)g(the)0 |
| | 39880 | 1065 y(sp)s(eed)d(of)e(ligh)m(t,)g(whereas)j(genes)e(with)g |
| | 39881 | Fj(p)1499 1080 y Fh(z)1566 1065 y Fw(=)h Fn(\000)p Fj(E)33 |
| | 39882 | b Fw(giv)m(en)27 b(up)g(b)m(y)g(the)p 2528 1012 V 28 |
| | 39883 | w(q)g(will)d(mo)m(v)m(e)j(in)f(the)h(q)g(direction.)0 |
| | 39884 | 1173 y(Th)m(us,)42 b(in)c(this)g(simple)f(case,)k(the)f(direction)d(of) |
| | 39885 | h(motion)f(for)h(a)g(gene)i(is)e(just)h(opp)s(osite)f(to)g(that)h(of)0 |
| | 39886 | 1282 y(a)e(free)h(particle)e(with)i(the)g(same)f(four-momen)m(tum.)56 |
| | 39887 | b(This)38 b(is)f(due)h(to)f(the)h(string)f(tension.)59 |
| | 39888 | b(If)37 b(the)0 1390 y(system)31 b(is)e(not)h(view)m(ed)h(in)e(the)h |
| | 39889 | (c.m.)42 b(frame,)30 b(the)g(rules)g(are)g(that)f(an)m(y)i(parton)f |
| | 39890 | (giv)m(es)g(up)g(genes)h(with)0 1498 y(four-momen)m(tum)i(prop)s |
| | 39891 | (ortional)f(to)j(its)g(o)m(wn)h(four-momen)m(tum,)d(but)j(the)f |
| | 39892 | (direction)f(of)h(motion)e(of)0 1607 y(an)m(y)28 b(gene)h(is)e(giv)m |
| | 39893 | (en)h(b)m(y)h(the)f(momen)m(tum)e(direction)h(of)g(the)h(genes)h(it)e |
| | 39894 | (meets,)i(i.e.)42 b(that)27 b(w)m(ere)i(emitted)0 1715 |
| | 39895 | y(b)m(y)39 b(the)g(parton)f(at)f(the)i(other)f(end)h(of)f(that)g |
| | 39896 | (particular)e(string)i(piece.)60 b(When)39 b(the)g(q)g(has)f(lost)g |
| | 39897 | (all)0 1823 y(its)h(energy)-8 b(,)43 b(the)p 658 1770 |
| | 39898 | V 40 w(q)d(genes,)j(whic)m(h)d(b)s(efore)g(could)f(not)h(catc)m(h)g(up) |
| | 39899 | g(with)g(q,)i(start)d(impinging)e(on)i(it,)0 1932 y(and)31 |
| | 39900 | b(the)h(q)f(is)g(pulled)f(bac)m(k,)i(accreting)p 1494 |
| | 39901 | 1879 V 31 w(q)g(genes)g(in)e(the)i(pro)s(cess.)44 b(When)32 |
| | 39902 | b(the)g(q)f(and)p 3212 1879 V 31 w(q)h(meet)f(in)f(the)0 |
| | 39903 | 2040 y(origin)g(again,)i(they)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(completely)d(traded)i |
| | 39904 | (genes)h(with)e(resp)s(ect)i(to)e(the)h(initial)c(situation.)146 |
| | 39905 | 2148 y(A)c(3-jet)f(q)p 512 2096 V(q)q(g)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(initially)20 |
| | 39906 | b(corresp)s(onds)26 b(to)f(ha)m(ving)f(a)h(string)f(piece)h(stretc)m |
| | 39907 | (hed)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(q)e(and)0 2257 y(g)38 b(and)f(another)h(b)s |
| | 39908 | (et)m(w)m(een)h(g)f(and)p 1306 2204 V 37 w(q)q(.)57 b(Gluon)35 |
| | 39909 | b(four-momen)m(tum)g(genes)j(are)f(th)m(us)i(\015o)m(wing)d(to)m(w)m |
| | 39910 | (ards)0 2365 y(the)e(q)f(and)p 444 2312 V 34 w(q.)45 |
| | 39911 | b(Corresp)s(ondingly)-8 b(,)33 b(q)h(and)p 1594 2312 |
| | 39912 | V 33 w(q)g(genes)g(are)f(\015o)m(wing)g(to)m(w)m(ards)i(the)e(g)q(.)46 |
| | 39913 | b(When)34 b(the)f(gluon)0 2473 y(has)27 b(lost)e(all)f(its)i(energy)-8 |
| | 39914 | b(,)28 b(the)f(g)g(genes)g(con)m(tin)m(ue)g(mo)m(ving)e(apart,)i(and)f |
| | 39915 | (instead)h(a)e(third)h(string)f(region)0 2582 y(is)30 |
| | 39916 | b(formed)g(in)g(the)h(`middle')f(of)g(the)h(total)e(string,)i |
| | 39917 | (consisting)f(of)g(o)m(v)m(erlapping)g(q)h(and)p 3231 |
| | 39918 | 2529 V 31 w(q)h(genes.)44 b(The)0 2690 y(t)m(w)m(o)34 |
| | 39919 | b(`corners')g(on)f(the)h(string,)e(separating)h(the)g(three)h(string)f |
| | 39920 | (regions,)g(are)g(not)g(of)f(the)i(gluon-kink)0 2798 |
| | 39921 | y(t)m(yp)s(e:)44 b(they)34 b(do)e(not)h(carry)g(an)m(y)g(momen)m(tum.) |
| | 39922 | 146 2907 y(If)j(this)f(third)g(region)g(w)m(ould)h(only)f(app)s(ear)g |
| | 39923 | (at)h(a)f(time)g(later)f(than)i(the)g(t)m(ypical)f(time)f(scale)i(for)0 |
| | 39924 | 3015 y(fragmen)m(tation,)c(it)h(could)g(not)h(a\013ect)g(the)g(sharing) |
| | 39925 | f(of)h(energy)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(di\013eren)m(t)e(particles.)46 |
| | 39926 | b(This)0 3123 y(is)e(true)g(in)f(the)i(limit)c(of)i(high)h(energy)-8 |
| | 39927 | b(,)48 b(w)m(ell)43 b(separated)i(partons.)78 b(F)-8 |
| | 39928 | b(or)44 b(a)g(small)d(gluon)i(energy)-8 b(,)0 3232 y(on)36 |
| | 39929 | b(the)h(other)g(hand,)h(the)f(third)f(string)f(region)h(app)s(ears)h |
| | 39930 | (early)-8 b(,)37 b(and)f(the)h(o)m(v)m(erall)f(dra)m(wing)g(of)g(the)0 |
| | 39931 | 3340 y(string)29 b(b)s(ecomes)i(fairly)d(2-jet-lik)m(e,)h(since)h(the)h |
| | 39932 | (third)e(string)h(region)f(consists)i(of)e(q)i(and)p |
| | 39933 | 3283 3287 V 30 w(q)f(genes)h(and)0 3448 y(therefore)25 |
| | 39934 | b(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)i(exactly)e(as)f(a)g(sting)g(pulled)g(out)g |
| | 39935 | (directly)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)e(q)f(and)p 3083 3396 |
| | 39936 | V 25 w(q)q(.)40 b(In)25 b(the)g(limit)c(of)0 3557 y(v)-5 |
| | 39937 | b(anishing)28 b(gluon)g(energy)-8 b(,)30 b(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)f(initial)c |
| | 39938 | (string)k(regions)f(collapse)g(to)h(naugh)m(t,)h(and)f(the)g(ordinary)0 |
| | 39939 | 3665 y(2-jet)35 b(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)d(reco)m(v)m(ered.)54 |
| | 39940 | b(Also)35 b(for)g(a)f(collinear)f(gluon,)i(i.e.)51 b |
| | 39941 | Fj(\022)2433 3680 y Fl(qg)2547 3665 y Fw(\(or)34 b Fj(\022)p |
| | 39942 | 2751 3642 38 4 v 15 x Fl(q)q(g)2830 3665 y Fw(\))h(small,)e(the)j |
| | 39943 | (stretc)m(hing)0 3774 y(b)s(ecomes)i(2-jet-lik)m(e.)58 |
| | 39944 | b(In)38 b(particular,)g(the)g(q)g(string)g(endp)s(oin)m(t)f(\014rst)i |
| | 39945 | (mo)m(v)m(es)f(out)g(a)g(distance)g Fo(p)3633 3789 y |
| | 39946 | Fl(q)3675 3774 y Fj(=\024)0 3882 y Fw(losing)d(genes)j(to)e(the)h |
| | 39947 | (string,)g(and)g(then)g(a)f(further)h(distance)g Fo(p)2433 |
| | 39948 | 3897 y Fl(g)2474 3882 y Fj(=\024)p Fw(,)g(a)g(\014rst)g(half)e |
| | 39949 | (accreting)h(genes)0 3990 y(from)e(the)i(g)h(and)f(the)g(second)h(half) |
| | 39950 | d(re-emitting)f(them.)52 b(\(This)36 b(latter)e(half)h(actually)f |
| | 39951 | (includes)h(y)m(et)0 4099 y(another)e(string)f(piece;)h(a)g(corresp)s |
| | 39952 | (onding)f(piece)h(app)s(ears)g(at)g(the)p 2507 4046 52 |
| | 39953 | 4 v 33 w(q)g(end,)h(suc)m(h)g(that)f(half)e(a)i(p)s(erio)s(d)0 |
| | 39954 | 4207 y(of)27 b(the)h(system)h(in)m(v)m(olv)m(es)f(\014v)m(e)h |
| | 39955 | (di\013eren)m(t)f(string)f(regions.\))42 b(The)28 b(end)h(result)e(is,) |
| | 39956 | h(appro)m(ximately)-8 b(,)28 b(that)0 4315 y(a)h(string)g(is)g(dra)m |
| | 39957 | (wn)h(out)f(as)g(if)f(there)j(had)e(only)g(b)s(een)h(a)f(single)f |
| | 39958 | (parton)h(with)g(energy)h Fn(j)p Fo(p)3256 4330 y Fl(q)3313 |
| | 39959 | 4315 y Fw(+)15 b Fo(p)3466 4330 y Fl(g)3507 4315 y Fn(j)p |
| | 39960 | Fw(,)30 b(suc)m(h)0 4424 y(that)37 b(the)h(simple)e(2-jet)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 39961 | (t)k(again)c(is)h(reco)m(v)m(ered)i(in)e(the)h(limit)33 |
| | 39962 | b Fj(\022)2567 4439 y Fl(qg)2681 4424 y Fn(!)j Fw(0.)58 |
| | 39963 | b(These)39 b(prop)s(erties)e(of)0 4532 y(the)i(string)f(motion)e(are)j |
| | 39964 | (the)g(reason)g(wh)m(y)h(the)f(string)f(fragmen)m(tation)e(sc)m(heme)k |
| | 39965 | (is)e(`infrared)g(safe')0 4640 y(with)32 b(resp)s(ect)i(to)e(soft)h(or) |
| | 39966 | f(collinear)e(gluon)i(emission.)146 4749 y(The)j(discussions)f(for)f |
| | 39967 | (the)g(3-jet)g(case)h(can)g(b)s(e)f(generalized)g(to)g(the)h(motion)d |
| | 39968 | (of)i(a)g(string)g(with)g(q)0 4857 y(and)p 187 4804 V |
| | 39969 | 30 w(q)e(endp)s(oin)m(ts)g(and)g(an)f(arbitrary)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of) |
| | 39970 | f(in)m(termediate)f(gluons.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b Fj(n)g |
| | 39971 | Fw(partons,)i(whereof)0 4965 y Fj(n)17 b Fn(\000)g Fw(2)30 |
| | 39972 | b(gluons,)g(the)g(original)d(string)i(con)m(tains)h Fj(n)17 |
| | 39973 | b Fn(\000)g Fw(1)29 b(pieces.)44 b(An)m(ytime)30 b(one)g(of)f(the)h |
| | 39974 | (original)d(gluons)0 5074 y(has)39 b(lost)f(its)g(energy)-8 |
| | 39975 | b(,)42 b(a)c(new)i(string)e(region)g(is)g(formed,)i(delineated)e(b)m(y) |
| | 39976 | i(a)f(pair)e(of)i(`corners'.)63 b(As)0 5182 y(the)29 |
| | 39977 | b(extra)f(`corners')i(meet)e(eac)m(h)h(other,)h(old)d(string)g(regions) |
| | 39978 | h(v)-5 b(anish)28 b(and)h(new)g(are)f(created,)i(so)f(that)0 |
| | 39979 | 5290 y(half)36 b(a)h(p)s(erio)s(d)g(of)g(the)g(string)g(con)m(tains)h |
| | 39980 | (2)p Fj(n)1657 5254 y Fl(2)1721 5290 y Fn(\000)26 b Fw(6)p |
| | 39981 | Fj(n)g Fw(+)f(5)37 b(di\013eren)m(t)h(string)e(regions.)58 |
| | 39982 | b(Eac)m(h)38 b(of)f(these)0 5399 y(regions)27 b(can)i(b)s(e)f(understo) |
| | 39983 | s(o)s(d)g(simply)f(as)h(built)e(up)i(from)f(the)h(o)m(v)m(erlap)g(of)g |
| | 39984 | (\(opp)s(osite-mo)m(ving\))d(genes)0 5507 y(from)31 b(t)m(w)m(o)j(of)e |
| | 39985 | (the)h(original)c(partons,)k(according)f(to)g(w)m(ell)g(sp)s(eci\014ed) |
| | 39986 | h(rules.)1817 5953 y(238)p eop |
| | 39987 | %%Page: 239 245 |
| | 39988 | 239 244 bop 0 -18 a Fo(12.2.4)113 b(F)-9 b(ragmen)m(tation)36 |
| | 39989 | b(of)i(m)m(ultiparton)d(systems)0 154 y Fw(The)30 b(full)d(mac)m |
| | 39990 | (hinery)h(needed)i(for)f(a)f(m)m(ultiparton)e(system)k(is)e(v)m(ery)j |
| | 39991 | (complicated,)d(and)g(is)h(describ)s(ed)0 263 y(in)22 |
| | 39992 | b(detail)g(in)g([Sj\177)-49 b(o84)o(].)41 b(The)23 b(follo)m(wing)e |
| | 39993 | (outline)g(is)i(far)f(from)g(complete,)i(and)f(is)g(complicated)e |
| | 39994 | (nonethe-)0 371 y(less.)59 b(The)38 b(main)e(message)i(to)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 39995 | (con)m(v)m(ey)m(ed)k(is)c(that)g(a)g(Loren)m(tz)i(co)m(v)-5 |
| | 39996 | b(arian)m(t)36 b(algorithm)f(exists)j(for)0 479 y(handling)k(an)i |
| | 39997 | (arbitrary)e(parton)i(con\014guration,)i(but)e(that)f(the)h(necessary)i |
| | 39998 | (mac)m(hinery)e(is)f(more)0 588 y(complex)32 b(than)h(in)e(either)i |
| | 39999 | (cluster)g(or)f(indep)s(enden)m(t)i(fragmen)m(tation.)146 |
| | 40000 | 696 y(Assume)40 b Fj(n)e Fw(partons,)j(with)d(ordering)f(along)g(the)i |
| | 40001 | (string,)h(and)e(related)g(four-momen)m(ta,)g(giv)m(en)0 |
| | 40002 | 804 y(b)m(y)30 b(q\()p Fj(p)270 819 y Fl(1)310 804 y |
| | 40003 | Fw(\)g\()p Fj(p)484 819 y Fl(2)523 804 y Fw(\)g\()p Fj(p)697 |
| | 40004 | 819 y Fl(3)736 804 y Fw(\))17 b Fn(\001)g(\001)g(\001)e |
| | 40005 | Fw(g\()p Fj(p)1060 819 y Fh(n)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1196 804 |
| | 40006 | y Fw(\))p 1234 751 52 4 v(q)q(\()p Fj(p)1373 819 y Fh(n)1420 |
| | 40007 | 804 y Fw(\).)42 b(The)30 b(initial)c(string)j(then)h(con)m(tains)f |
| | 40008 | Fj(n)16 b Fn(\000)g Fw(1)29 b(separate)i(pieces.)0 913 |
| | 40009 | y(The)26 b(string)e(piece)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)f(quark)g(and)f(its) |
| | 40010 | f(neigb)s(ouring)f(gluon)h(is,)i(in)f(four-momen)m(tum)d(space,)0 |
| | 40011 | 1041 y(spanned)38 b(b)m(y)g(one)g(side)f(with)f(four-momen)m(tum)f |
| | 40012 | Fj(p)1903 990 y Fl(\(1\))1903 1060 y(+)2033 1041 y Fw(=)g |
| | 40013 | Fj(p)2193 1056 y Fl(1)2269 1041 y Fw(and)i(another)g(with)g |
| | 40014 | Fj(p)3101 990 y Fl(\(1\))3101 1060 y Fk(\000)3231 1041 |
| | 40015 | y Fw(=)e Fj(p)3391 1056 y Fl(2)3430 1041 y Fj(=)p Fw(2.)57 |
| | 40016 | b(The)0 1149 y(factor)27 b(of)f(1/2)g(in)h(the)g(second)i(expression)f |
| | 40017 | (comes)f(from)f(the)h(fact)g(that)g(the)h(gluon)e(shares)i(its)e |
| | 40018 | (energy)0 1258 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)38 b(t)m(w)m(o)e(string)g(pieces.)54 |
| | 40019 | b(The)36 b(indices)g(`+')g(and)g(`)p Fn(\000)p Fw(')g(denotes)h |
| | 40020 | (direction)e(to)m(w)m(ards)i(the)f(q)g(and)p 0 1313 V |
| | 40021 | 0 1366 a(q)k(end,)j(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)66 b(The)41 |
| | 40022 | b(next)g(string)e(piece,)j(coun)m(ted)f(from)e(the)h(quark)h(end,)h(is) |
| | 40023 | d(spanned)j(b)m(y)0 1494 y Fj(p)49 1444 y Fl(\(2\))49 |
| | 40024 | 1514 y(+)189 1494 y Fw(=)k Fj(p)360 1509 y Fl(2)399 1494 |
| | 40025 | y Fj(=)p Fw(2)d(and)g Fj(p)789 1444 y Fl(\(2\))789 1514 |
| | 40026 | y Fk(\000)929 1494 y Fw(=)j Fj(p)1100 1509 y Fl(3)1140 |
| | 40027 | 1494 y Fj(=)p Fw(2,)f(and)e(so)h(on,)i(with)d(the)g(last)g(one)g(b)s |
| | 40028 | (eing)g Fj(p)2936 1444 y Fl(\()p Fh(n)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1\))2936 |
| | 40029 | 1514 y(+)3174 1494 y Fw(=)j Fj(p)3345 1509 y Fh(n)p Fk(\000)p |
| | 40030 | Fl(1)3482 1494 y Fj(=)p Fw(2)c(and)0 1629 y Fj(p)49 1579 |
| | 40031 | y Fl(\()p Fh(n)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1\))49 1649 y Fk(\000)269 |
| | 40032 | 1629 y Fw(=)27 b Fj(p)421 1644 y Fh(n)468 1629 y Fw(.)146 |
| | 40033 | 1765 y(F)-8 b(or)29 b(the)i(algorithm)26 b(to)k(w)m(ork,)h(it)e(is)h |
| | 40034 | (imp)s(ortan)m(t)e(that)h(all)f Fj(p)2344 1714 y Fl(\()p |
| | 40035 | Fh(i)p Fl(\))2344 1784 y Fk(\006)2457 1765 y Fw(b)s(e)i(ligh)m |
| | 40036 | (t-cone-lik)m(e,)e(i.e.)42 b Fj(p)3454 1714 y Fl(\()p |
| | 40037 | Fh(i)p Fl(\)2)3454 1784 y Fk(\006)3600 1765 y Fw(=)28 |
| | 40038 | b(0.)0 1873 y(Since)35 b(gluons)f(are)h(massless,)g(it)f(is)g(only)g |
| | 40039 | (the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(endp)s(oin)m(t)e(quarks)i(whic)m(h)f(can)g(cause)h |
| | 40040 | (problems.)0 1981 y(The)45 b(pro)s(cedure)g(here)g(is)f(to)g(create)h |
| | 40041 | (new)g Fj(p)1700 1996 y Fk(\006)1803 1981 y Fw(v)m(ectors)h(for)d(eac)m |
| | 40042 | (h)j(of)d(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)g(endp)s(oin)m(t)f(regions,)0 |
| | 40043 | 2090 y(de\014ned)31 b(to)f(b)s(e)g(linear)f(com)m(binations)f(of)i(the) |
| | 40044 | g(old)f Fj(p)1923 2105 y Fk(\006)2012 2090 y Fw(ones)i(for)f(the)g |
| | 40045 | (same)g(region,)g(with)f(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)0 2198 y(determined)45 |
| | 40046 | b(so)h(that)f(the)h(new)g(v)m(ectors)h(are)e(ligh)m(t-cone-lik)m(e.)80 |
| | 40047 | b(De)45 b(facto,)j(this)d(corresp)s(onds)i(to)0 2306 |
| | 40048 | y(replacing)28 b(a)h(massiv)m(e)h(quark)g(at)f(the)h(end)h(of)e(a)g |
| | 40049 | (string)g(piece)g(with)g(a)h(massless)f(quark)i(at)e(the)h(end)g(of)0 |
| | 40050 | 2415 y(a)36 b(somewhat)g(longer)e(string)i(piece.)53 |
| | 40051 | b(With)35 b(the)i(exception)f(of)f(the)i(added)f(\014ctitious)f(piece,) |
| | 40052 | i(whic)m(h)0 2523 y(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)k(ends)g(up)f(en)m(tirely)f(within) |
| | 40053 | f(the)i(hea)m(vy)h(hadron)f(pro)s(duced)g(from)e(the)i(hea)m(vy)h |
| | 40054 | (quark,)h(the)0 2631 y(string)32 b(motion)f(remains)g(unc)m(hanged)j(b) |
| | 40055 | m(y)g(this.)146 2740 y(In)h(the)h(con)m(tin)m(ued)f(string)f(motion,)g |
| | 40056 | (when)i(new)f(string)g(regions)f(app)s(ear)h(as)g(time)e(go)s(es)i(b)m |
| | 40057 | (y)-8 b(,)36 b(the)0 2868 y(\014rst)45 b(suc)m(h)h(string)e(regions)h |
| | 40058 | (that)f(app)s(ear)h(can)g(b)s(e)g(represen)m(ted)i(as)e(b)s(eing)f |
| | 40059 | (spanned)i(b)m(y)f(one)g Fj(p)3688 2817 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t |
| | 40060 | Fl(\))3688 2887 y(+)0 3003 y Fw(and)h(another)f Fj(p)622 |
| | 40061 | 2952 y Fl(\()p Fh(k)r Fl(\))622 3022 y Fk(\000)766 3003 |
| | 40062 | y Fw(four-v)m(ector,)k(with)c Fj(j)52 b Fw(and)45 b Fj(k)k |
| | 40063 | Fw(not)d(necessarily)g(adjacen)m(t.)83 b(F)-8 b(or)45 |
| | 40064 | b(instance,)k(in)0 3138 y(the)35 b(qg)p 271 3085 V 1 |
| | 40065 | w(q)h(case,)g(the)f(`third')f(string)g(region)g(is)g(spanned)i(b)m(y)g |
| | 40066 | Fj(p)2307 3087 y Fl(\(1\))2307 3157 y(+)2436 3138 y Fw(and)f |
| | 40067 | Fj(p)2677 3087 y Fl(\(3\))2677 3157 y Fk(\000)2771 3138 |
| | 40068 | y Fw(.)50 b(Later)34 b(on)h(in)f(the)h(string)0 3246 |
| | 40069 | y(ev)m(olution)24 b(history)-8 b(,)27 b(it)d(is)g(also)h(p)s(ossible)f |
| | 40070 | (to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(regions)f(made)g(up)g(of)g(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 40071 | Fj(p)2854 3261 y Fl(+)2938 3246 y Fw(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 40072 | Fj(p)3275 3261 y Fk(\000)3360 3246 y Fw(momen)m(ta.)0 |
| | 40073 | 3355 y(These)38 b(app)s(ear)f(when)h(an)e(endp)s(oin)m(t)h(quark)g(has) |
| | 40074 | g(lost)f(all)f(its)h(original)d(momen)m(tum,)j(has)h(accreted)0 |
| | 40075 | 3463 y(the)i(momen)m(tum)e(of)h(an)g(gluon,)h(and)f(is)g(no)m(w)h |
| | 40076 | (re-emitting)d(this)i(momen)m(tum.)60 b(In)38 b(practice,)i(these)0 |
| | 40077 | 3592 y(regions)28 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(neglected.)43 b(Therefore)29 |
| | 40078 | b(only)f(pieces)g(made)g(up)g(b)m(y)h(a)f(\()p Fj(p)2737 |
| | 40079 | 3541 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))2737 3611 y(+)2828 3592 y |
| | 40080 | Fj(;)17 b(p)2921 3541 y Fl(\()p Fh(k)r Fl(\))2921 3611 |
| | 40081 | y Fk(\000)3018 3592 y Fw(\))28 b(pair)f(of)h(momen)m(ta)0 |
| | 40082 | 3700 y(are)33 b(considered)g(in)f(the)h(program.)146 |
| | 40083 | 3808 y(The)h(allo)m(w)m(es)e(string)f(regions)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 40084 | (ordered)g(in)f(an)g(abstract)h(parameter)e(plane,)h(where)i(the)0 |
| | 40085 | 3917 y(\()p Fj(j;)17 b(k)s Fw(\))43 b(indices)g(of)g(the)h(four-momen)m |
| | 40086 | (tum)d(pairs)h(de\014ne)j(the)f(p)s(osition)d(of)i(eac)m(h)h(region)e |
| | 40087 | (along)g(the)0 4025 y(t)m(w)m(o)e(\(parameter)g(plane\))f(co)s |
| | 40088 | (ordinate)g(axes.)66 b(In)40 b(this)f(plane)h(the)g(fragmen)m(tation)e |
| | 40089 | (pro)s(cedure)i(can)0 4133 y(b)s(e)34 b(describ)s(ed)h(as)f(a)g |
| | 40090 | (sequence)j(of)d(steps,)h(starting)f(at)f(the)i(quark)g(end,)g(where)g |
| | 40091 | (\()p Fj(j;)17 b(k)s Fw(\))31 b(=)f(\(1)p Fj(;)17 b Fw(1\),)33 |
| | 40092 | b(and)0 4242 y(ending)23 b(at)f(the)h(an)m(tiquark)g(one,)i(\()p |
| | 40093 | Fj(j;)17 b(k)s Fw(\))28 b(=)g(\()p Fj(n)r Fn(\000)r Fw(1)p |
| | 40094 | Fj(;)17 b(n)r Fn(\000)r Fw(1\).)42 b(Eac)m(h)24 b(step)f(is)g(tak)m(en) |
| | 40095 | g(from)f(an)h(`old')f(q)3491 4257 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p |
| | 40096 | Fl(1)p 3610 4189 V 3610 4242 a Fw(q)3661 4265 y Fh(i)p |
| | 40097 | Fk(\000)p Fl(1)0 4350 y Fw(pair)29 b(pro)s(duction)h(v)m(ertex,)j(to)d |
| | 40098 | (the)h(pro)s(duction)f(v)m(ertex)i(of)e(a)g(`new')i(q)2575 |
| | 40099 | 4365 y Fh(i)p 2604 4297 V 2604 4350 a Fw(q)2655 4373 |
| | 40100 | y Fh(i)2714 4350 y Fw(pair,)e(and)g(the)h(string)f(piece)0 |
| | 40101 | 4458 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)43 b(these)g(t)m(w)m(o)f(string)e(breaks)i |
| | 40102 | (represen)m(t)i(a)c(hadron.)70 b(Some)41 b(steps)h(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 40103 | (tak)m(en)i(within)0 4567 y(one)36 b(and)g(the)h(same)f(region,)g |
| | 40104 | (while)f(others)h(ma)m(y)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(one)g(v)m(ertex)g(in)f(one)g |
| | 40105 | (region)f(and)h(the)g(other)0 4675 y(v)m(ertex)31 b(in)d(another)i |
| | 40106 | (region.)41 b(Consistency)31 b(requiremen)m(ts,)g(lik)m(e)d |
| | 40107 | (energy-momen)m(tum)g(conserv)-5 b(ation,)0 4783 y(dictates)34 |
| | 40108 | b(that)f(v)m(ertex)i Fj(j)40 b Fw(and)33 b Fj(k)k Fw(region)32 |
| | 40109 | b(v)-5 b(alues)34 b(b)s(e)f(ordered)i(in)d(a)i(monotonic)e(sequence,)k |
| | 40110 | (and)e(that)0 4892 y(the)27 b(v)m(ertex)h(p)s(ositions)e(are)g |
| | 40111 | (monotonically)e(ordered)j(inside)f(eac)m(h)h(region.)41 |
| | 40112 | b(The)28 b(four-momen)m(tum)c(of)0 5000 y(eac)m(h)33 |
| | 40113 | b(hadron)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(read)g(o\013,)g(for)g Fj(p)1439 |
| | 40114 | 5015 y Fl(+)1530 5000 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)1617 5015 y Fk(\000)1676 |
| | 40115 | 5000 y Fw(\))g(momen)m(ta,)f(b)m(y)i(pro)5 b(jecting)32 |
| | 40116 | b(the)h(separation)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)0 5134 y(the)39 |
| | 40117 | b(old)e(and)i(the)g(new)g(v)m(ertex)h(on)f(to)f(the)g |
| | 40118 | Fj(j)45 b Fw(\()p Fj(k)s Fw(\))38 b(axis.)61 b(If)38 |
| | 40119 | b(the)h(four-momen)m(tum)d(fraction)i(of)g Fj(p)3697 |
| | 40120 | 5083 y Fl(\()p Fh(i)p Fl(\))3697 5153 y Fk(\006)0 5269 |
| | 40121 | y Fw(tak)m(en)c(b)m(y)f(a)f(hadron)h(is)f(denoted)i Fj(x)1335 |
| | 40122 | 5218 y Fl(\()p Fh(i)p Fl(\))1335 5288 y Fk(\006)1418 |
| | 40123 | 5269 y Fw(,)f(then)g(the)g(total)e(hadron)h(four-momen)m(tum)f(is)h |
| | 40124 | (giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)160 5569 y Fj(p)27 b Fw(=)383 5455 |
| | 40125 | y Fh(j)412 5464 y Ff(2)355 5486 y Fg(X)340 5668 y Fh(j)t |
| | 40126 | Fl(=)p Fh(j)457 5677 y Ff(1)507 5569 y Fj(x)562 5518 |
| | 40127 | y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))562 5588 y(+)654 5569 y Fj(p)703 |
| | 40128 | 5518 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))703 5588 y(+)816 5569 y Fw(+)961 |
| | 40129 | 5459 y Fh(k)998 5468 y Ff(2)937 5486 y Fg(X)914 5670 |
| | 40130 | y Fh(k)r Fl(=)p Fh(k)1045 5679 y Ff(1)1096 5569 y Fj(x)1151 |
| | 40131 | 5518 y Fl(\()p Fh(k)r Fl(\))1151 5588 y Fk(\000)1249 |
| | 40132 | 5569 y Fj(p)1298 5518 y Fl(\()p Fh(k)r Fl(\))1298 5588 |
| | 40133 | y Fk(\000)1417 5569 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)1564 5584 y Fh(x)p |
| | 40134 | Fl(1)1647 5569 y Fw(^)-53 b Fj(e)1688 5528 y Fl(\()p |
| | 40135 | Fh(j)1744 5537 y Ff(1)1779 5528 y Fh(k)1816 5537 y Ff(1)1850 |
| | 40136 | 5528 y Fl(\))1688 5593 y Fh(x)1904 5569 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)2051 |
| | 40137 | 5584 y Fh(y)r Fl(1)2131 5569 y Fw(^)-52 b Fj(e)2173 5528 |
| | 40138 | y Fl(\()p Fh(j)2229 5537 y Ff(1)2264 5528 y Fh(k)2301 |
| | 40139 | 5537 y Ff(1)2335 5528 y Fl(\))2173 5593 y Fh(y)2389 5569 |
| | 40140 | y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)2536 5584 y Fh(x)p Fl(2)2618 5569 y |
| | 40141 | Fw(^)-52 b Fj(e)2660 5528 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)2716 5537 y |
| | 40142 | Ff(2)2751 5528 y Fh(k)2788 5537 y Ff(2)2822 5528 y Fl(\))2660 |
| | 40143 | 5593 y Fh(x)2876 5569 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)3023 5584 y Fh(y)r |
| | 40144 | Fl(2)3103 5569 y Fw(^)-53 b Fj(e)3144 5528 y Fl(\()p |
| | 40145 | Fh(j)3200 5537 y Ff(2)3235 5528 y Fh(k)3272 5537 y Ff(2)3306 |
| | 40146 | 5528 y Fl(\))3144 5593 y Fh(y)3371 5569 y Fj(;)159 b |
| | 40147 | Fw(\(193\))1817 5953 y(239)p eop |
| | 40148 | %%Page: 240 246 |
| | 40149 | 240 245 bop 0 -17 a Fw(for)25 b(a)g(step)h(from)e(region)g(\()p |
| | 40150 | Fj(j)1001 -2 y Fl(1)1041 -17 y Fj(;)17 b(k)1136 -2 y |
| | 40151 | Fl(1)1175 -17 y Fw(\))25 b(to)g(region)f(\()p Fj(j)1713 |
| | 40152 | -2 y Fl(2)1753 -17 y Fj(;)17 b(k)1848 -2 y Fl(2)1886 |
| | 40153 | -17 y Fw(\).)41 b(By)26 b(necessit)m(y)-8 b(,)29 b Fj(x)2614 |
| | 40154 | -68 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))2614 2 y(+)2731 -17 y Fw(is)24 |
| | 40155 | b(unit)m(y)i(for)f(a)f Fj(j)3324 -2 y Fl(1)3392 -17 y |
| | 40156 | Fj(<)j(j)34 b(<)28 b(j)3713 -2 y Fl(2)3752 -17 y Fw(,)0 |
| | 40157 | 118 y(and)33 b(corresp)s(ondingly)f(for)g Fj(x)1099 67 |
| | 40158 | y Fl(\()p Fh(k)r Fl(\))1099 137 y Fk(\000)1197 118 y |
| | 40159 | Fw(.)146 226 y(The)48 b(\()p Fj(p)448 241 y Fh(x)491 |
| | 40160 | 226 y Fj(;)17 b(p)584 241 y Fh(y)625 226 y Fw(\))47 b(pairs)f(are)g |
| | 40161 | (the)h(transv)m(erse)h(momen)m(ta)d(pro)s(duced)j(at)e(the)g(t)m(w)m(o) |
| | 40162 | h(string)f(breaks,)0 334 y(and)32 b(the)g(\()t(^)-53 |
| | 40163 | b Fj(e)439 349 y Fh(x)483 334 y Fj(;)21 b Fw(^)-53 b |
| | 40164 | Fj(e)572 349 y Fh(y)614 334 y Fw(\))31 b(pairs)h(four-v)m(ectors)g |
| | 40165 | (transv)m(erse)i(to)e(the)g(string)g(directions)f(in)g(the)h(regions)g |
| | 40166 | (of)f(the)0 443 y(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)j(string)e(breaks:)1232 |
| | 40167 | 657 y(^)-53 b Fj(e)1273 616 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t(k)r Fl(\)2)1273 |
| | 40168 | 682 y Fh(x)1466 657 y Fw(=)31 b(^)-52 b Fj(e)1615 616 |
| | 40169 | y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t(k)r Fl(\)2)1615 682 y Fh(y)1808 657 |
| | 40170 | y Fw(=)27 b Fn(\000)p Fw(1)33 b Fj(;)1232 829 y Fw(^)-53 |
| | 40171 | b Fj(e)1273 788 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t(k)r Fl(\))1273 854 y |
| | 40172 | Fh(x)1407 829 y Fw(^)g Fj(e)1448 788 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t(k)r |
| | 40173 | Fl(\))1448 854 y Fh(y)1606 829 y Fw(=)31 b(^)-52 b Fj(e)1755 |
| | 40174 | 788 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t(k)r Fl(\))1755 854 y Fh(x;y)1885 |
| | 40175 | 829 y Fj(p)1934 778 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))1934 848 y(+)2053 |
| | 40176 | 829 y Fw(=)31 b(^)-53 b Fj(e)2201 788 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t(k)r |
| | 40177 | Fl(\))2201 854 y Fh(x;y)2331 829 y Fj(p)2380 778 y Fl(\()p |
| | 40178 | Fh(k)r Fl(\))2380 848 y Fk(\000)2506 829 y Fw(=)27 b(0)32 |
| | 40179 | b Fj(:)840 b Fw(\(194\))146 1050 y(The)40 b(fact)e(that)g(the)g(hadron) |
| | 40180 | h(should)f(b)s(e)g(on)g(mass)h(shell,)f Fj(p)2423 1014 |
| | 40181 | y Fl(2)2500 1050 y Fw(=)f Fj(m)2698 1014 y Fl(2)2738 |
| | 40182 | 1050 y Fw(,)j(puts)f(one)f(constrain)m(t)h(on)0 1158 |
| | 40183 | y(where)c(a)f(new)h(breakup)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e,)g(giv)m(en)h(that)e(the)i |
| | 40184 | (old)e(one)h(is)g(already)f(kno)m(wn,)j(just)e(as)g(eq.)h(\(177\))0 |
| | 40185 | 1267 y(did)28 b(in)g(the)i(simple)d(2-jet)h(case.)43 |
| | 40186 | b(The)30 b(remaining)c(degree)k(of)f(freedom)f(is,)h(as)g(b)s(efore,)h |
| | 40187 | (to)f(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)0 1375 y(the)e(fragmen)m(tation)d |
| | 40188 | (function)h Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\).)42 b(The)27 |
| | 40189 | b(in)m(terpretation)e(of)g(the)i Fj(z)k Fw(is)25 b(only)h(w)m |
| | 40190 | (ell-de\014ned)g(for)g(a)g(step)0 1483 y(en)m(tirely)32 |
| | 40191 | b(constrained)h(to)f(one)g(of)g(the)h(initial)c(string)i(regions,)h(ho) |
| | 40192 | m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(whic)m(h)e(is)f(not)g(enough.)44 b(In)0 |
| | 40193 | 1592 y(the)31 b(2-jet)e(case,)j(the)e Fj(z)35 b Fw(v)-5 |
| | 40194 | b(alues)30 b(can)g(b)s(e)h(related)f(to)f(the)i(prop)s(er)f(times)f(of) |
| | 40195 | h(string)f(breaks,)j(as)f(follo)m(ws.)0 1700 y(The)42 |
| | 40196 | b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(\000)i(=)h(\()p Fj(\024\034)11 |
| | 40197 | b Fw(\))991 1664 y Fl(2)1031 1700 y Fw(,)43 b(with)e |
| | 40198 | Fj(\024)h Fw(the)f(string)g(tension)g(and)h Fj(\034)53 |
| | 40199 | b Fw(the)41 b(prop)s(er)h(time)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)0 |
| | 40200 | 1808 y(pro)s(duction)28 b(v)m(ertex)i(of)e(the)h(partons)g(and)g(the)g |
| | 40201 | (breakup)g(p)s(oin)m(t,)g(ob)s(eys)g(an)g(iterativ)m(e)e(relation)g(of) |
| | 40202 | h(the)0 1917 y(kind)1203 2121 y(\000)1264 2136 y Fl(0)1386 |
| | 40203 | 2121 y Fw(=)83 b(0)32 b Fj(;)1214 2323 y Fw(\000)1275 |
| | 40204 | 2338 y Fh(i)1386 2323 y Fw(=)83 b(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)g |
| | 40205 | Fj(z)1798 2338 y Fh(i)1827 2323 y Fw(\))1882 2177 y Fg( )1947 |
| | 40206 | 2323 y Fw(\000)2008 2338 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2149 |
| | 40207 | 2323 y Fw(+)2257 2256 y Fj(m)2342 2220 y Fl(2)2342 2280 |
| | 40208 | y Fk(?)p Fh(i)p 2257 2300 169 4 v 2304 2392 a Fj(z)2349 |
| | 40209 | 2407 y Fh(i)2435 2177 y Fg(!)2550 2323 y Fj(:)980 b Fw(\(195\))0 |
| | 40210 | 2597 y(Here)43 b(\000)301 2612 y Fl(0)382 2597 y Fw(represen)m(ts)h |
| | 40211 | (the)f(v)-5 b(alue)41 b(at)h(the)g(q)h(and)p 1888 2544 |
| | 40212 | 52 4 v 42 w(q)f(endp)s(oin)m(ts,)j(and)d(\000)2725 2612 |
| | 40213 | y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2885 2597 y Fw(and)g(\000)3145 |
| | 40214 | 2612 y Fh(i)3216 2597 y Fw(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)42 b(at)0 |
| | 40215 | 2705 y(the)32 b(old)e(and)i(new)g(breakup)g(v)m(ertices)h(needed)g(to)e |
| | 40216 | (pro)s(duce)h(a)f(hadron)g(with)g(transv)m(erse)j(mass)d |
| | 40217 | Fj(m)3669 2720 y Fk(?)p Fh(i)3752 2705 y Fw(,)0 2813 |
| | 40218 | y(and)39 b(with)f(the)h Fj(z)643 2828 y Fh(i)710 2813 |
| | 40219 | y Fw(of)f(the)i(step)f(c)m(hosen)h(according)e(to)h Fj(f)11 |
| | 40220 | b Fw(\()p Fj(z)2245 2828 y Fh(i)2273 2813 y Fw(\).)62 |
| | 40221 | b(The)39 b(prop)s(er)g(time)e(can)i(b)s(e)g(de\014ned)0 |
| | 40222 | 2922 y(in)33 b(an)h(unam)m(biguous)f(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)36 |
| | 40223 | b(also)d(o)m(v)m(er)i(b)s(oundaries)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(the)f |
| | 40224 | (di\013eren)m(t)f(string)f(regions,)h(so)g(for)0 3030 |
| | 40225 | y(m)m(ultijet)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(the)f Fj(z)k Fw(v)-5 b(ariable)32 |
| | 40226 | b(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)g(in)m(terpreted)h(just)g(as)f(an)g(auxiliary)e(v)-5 |
| | 40227 | b(ariable)32 b(needed)k(to)0 3138 y(determine)f(the)g(next)h(\000)f(v) |
| | 40228 | -5 b(alue.)50 b(\(In)35 b(the)h(Lund)f(symmetric)f(fragmen)m(tation)g |
| | 40229 | (function)g(deriv)-5 b(ation,)0 3247 y(the)34 b(\000)g(v)-5 |
| | 40230 | b(ariable)32 b(actually)g(do)s(es)j(app)s(ear)e(naturally)-8 |
| | 40231 | b(,)33 b(so)h(the)g(c)m(hoice)g(is)f(not)h(as)g(arbitrary)f(as)h(it)f |
| | 40232 | (ma)m(y)0 3355 y(seem)39 b(here.\))61 b(The)39 b(mass)f(and)g(\000)g |
| | 40233 | (constrain)m(ts)h(together)f(are)h(su\016cien)m(t)g(to)f(determine)g |
| | 40234 | (where)h(the)0 3463 y(next)45 b(string)f(breakup)i(is)e(to)g(b)s(e)h(c) |
| | 40235 | m(hosen,)k(giv)m(en)c(the)g(preceding)g(one)g(in)f(the)h(iteration)d |
| | 40236 | (sc)m(heme.)0 3572 y(Actually)-8 b(,)32 b(sev)m(eral)h(am)m(biguities)d |
| | 40237 | (remain,)h(but)i(are)g(of)f(no)g(imp)s(ortance)f(for)h(the)h(o)m(v)m |
| | 40238 | (erall)f(picture.)146 3680 y(The)38 b(algorithm)c(for)i(\014nding)h |
| | 40239 | (the)g(next)h(breakup)g(then)g(w)m(orks)g(something)e(lik)m(e)h(follo)m |
| | 40240 | (ws.)55 b(Pic)m(k)0 3788 y(a)34 b(hadron,)h Fj(p)492 |
| | 40241 | 3803 y Fk(?)551 3788 y Fw(,)g(and)g Fj(z)t Fw(,)h(and)e(calculate)g |
| | 40242 | (the)h(next)g(\000.)49 b(If)35 b(the)g(old)e(breakup)j(is)e(in)g(the)h |
| | 40243 | (region)e(\()p Fj(j;)17 b(k)s Fw(\),)0 3897 y(and)42 |
| | 40244 | b(if)f(the)i(new)g(breakup)g(is)f(also)f(assumed)i(to)e(b)s(e)i(in)e |
| | 40245 | (the)i(same)f(region,)h(then)g(the)g Fj(m)3438 3860 y |
| | 40246 | Fl(2)3519 3897 y Fw(and)g(\000)0 4025 y(constrain)m(ts)38 |
| | 40247 | b(can)g(b)s(e)g(reform)m(ulated)e(in)h(terms)h(of)f(the)h(fractions)f |
| | 40248 | Fj(x)2547 3974 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))2547 4044 y(+)2676 |
| | 40249 | 4025 y Fw(and)h Fj(x)2926 3974 y Fl(\()p Fh(k)r Fl(\))2926 |
| | 40250 | 4044 y Fk(\000)3062 4025 y Fw(the)g(hadron)f(m)m(ust)0 |
| | 40251 | 4160 y(tak)m(e)c(of)f(the)h(total)e(four-v)m(ectors)j |
| | 40252 | Fj(p)1307 4109 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))1307 4179 y(+)1431 |
| | 40253 | 4160 y Fw(and)e Fj(p)1669 4109 y Fl(\()p Fh(k)r Fl(\))1669 |
| | 40254 | 4179 y Fk(\000)1767 4160 y Fw(:)1016 4391 y Fj(m)1101 |
| | 40255 | 4350 y Fl(2)1224 4391 y Fw(=)83 b Fj(c)1425 4406 y Fl(1)1487 |
| | 40256 | 4391 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(c)1627 4406 y Fl(2)1666 4391 y Fj(x)1721 |
| | 40257 | 4340 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))1721 4410 y(+)1835 4391 y |
| | 40258 | Fw(+)g Fj(c)1975 4406 y Fl(3)2014 4391 y Fj(x)2069 4340 |
| | 40259 | y Fl(\()p Fh(k)r Fl(\))2069 4410 y Fk(\000)2190 4391 |
| | 40260 | y Fw(+)g Fj(c)2330 4406 y Fl(4)2369 4391 y Fj(x)2424 |
| | 40261 | 4340 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))2424 4410 y(+)2516 4391 y |
| | 40262 | Fj(x)2571 4340 y Fl(\()p Fh(k)r Fl(\))2571 4410 y Fk(\000)2701 |
| | 40263 | 4391 y Fj(;)1080 4551 y Fw(\000)83 b(=)g Fj(d)1434 4566 |
| | 40264 | y Fl(1)1495 4551 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(d)1644 4566 y Fl(2)1683 |
| | 40265 | 4551 y Fj(x)1738 4500 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))1738 4570 |
| | 40266 | y(+)1852 4551 y Fw(+)g Fj(d)2001 4566 y Fl(3)2041 4551 |
| | 40267 | y Fj(x)2096 4500 y Fl(\()p Fh(k)r Fl(\))2096 4570 y Fk(\000)2216 |
| | 40268 | 4551 y Fw(+)g Fj(d)2365 4566 y Fl(4)2404 4551 y Fj(x)2459 |
| | 40269 | 4500 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))2459 4570 y(+)2551 4551 y |
| | 40270 | Fj(x)2606 4500 y Fl(\()p Fh(k)r Fl(\))2606 4570 y Fk(\000)2736 |
| | 40271 | 4551 y Fj(:)794 b Fw(\(196\))0 4756 y(Here)41 b(the)h(co)s(e\016cien)m |
| | 40272 | (ts)f Fj(c)958 4771 y Fh(n)1046 4756 y Fw(are)g(fairly)e(simple)g |
| | 40273 | (expressions,)44 b(obtainable)39 b(b)m(y)j(squaring)f(eq.)g(\(193\),)0 |
| | 40274 | 4864 y(while)g Fj(d)315 4879 y Fh(n)403 4864 y Fw(are)h(sligh)m(tly)e |
| | 40275 | (more)h(complicated)f(in)h(that)g(they)i(dep)s(end)g(on)e(the)h(p)s |
| | 40276 | (osition)e(of)h(the)h(old)0 4972 y(string)c(break,)k(but)d(b)s(oth)f |
| | 40277 | (the)i Fj(c)1225 4987 y Fh(n)1311 4972 y Fw(and)f(the)g |
| | 40278 | Fj(d)1732 4987 y Fh(n)1817 4972 y Fw(are)g(explicitly)e(calculable.)61 |
| | 40279 | b(What)39 b(remains)f(is)h(an)0 5101 y(equation)28 b(system)i(with)e(t) |
| | 40280 | m(w)m(o)i(unkno)m(wns,)h Fj(x)1647 5050 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t |
| | 40281 | Fl(\))1647 5120 y(+)1768 5101 y Fw(and)e Fj(x)2009 5050 |
| | 40282 | y Fl(\()p Fh(k)r Fl(\))2009 5120 y Fk(\000)2107 5101 |
| | 40283 | y Fw(.)42 b(The)29 b(absence)i(of)d(an)m(y)h(quadratic)f(terms)h(is)0 |
| | 40284 | 5236 y(due)e(to)e(the)h(fact)g(that)g(all)d Fj(p)1019 |
| | 40285 | 5185 y Fl(\()p Fh(i)p Fl(\)2)1019 5255 y Fk(\006)1165 |
| | 40286 | 5236 y Fw(=)28 b(0,)f(i.e.)41 b(to)25 b(the)h(c)m(hoice)h(of)e(a)h |
| | 40287 | (form)m(ulation)d(based)j(on)g(ligh)m(t-cone-lik)m(e)0 |
| | 40288 | 5344 y(longitudinal)g(v)m(ectors.)44 b(Of)30 b(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(p)s |
| | 40289 | (ossible)g(solutions)e(to)i(the)g(equation)g(system)g(\(elimination)c |
| | 40290 | (of)0 5453 y(one)37 b(v)-5 b(ariable)36 b(giv)m(es)h(a)g(second)h |
| | 40291 | (degree)g(equation)f(in)f(the)h(other\),)i(one)e(is)g(unph)m(ysical)g |
| | 40292 | (and)g(can)g(b)s(e)0 5561 y(discarded)d(outrigh)m(t.)47 |
| | 40293 | b(The)35 b(other)f(solution)f(is)g(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)k(for)d(whether)h |
| | 40294 | (the)g Fj(x)2892 5576 y Fk(\006)2985 5561 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)34 |
| | 40295 | b(are)g(actually)0 5669 y(inside)g(the)i(ph)m(ysically)f(allo)m(w)m(ed) |
| | 40296 | f(region,)h(i.e.)51 b(whether)36 b(the)g Fj(x)2356 5684 |
| | 40297 | y Fk(\006)2450 5669 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)35 b(of)g(the)h(curren)m(t)g |
| | 40298 | (step,)h(plus)1817 5953 y(240)p eop |
| | 40299 | %%Page: 241 247 |
| | 40300 | 241 246 bop 0 -18 a Fw(whatev)m(er)29 b(has)e(already)g(b)s(een)g(used) |
| | 40301 | h(up)g(in)e(previous)h(steps,)j(are)d(less)g(than)g(unit)m(y)-8 |
| | 40302 | b(.)42 b(If)27 b(y)m(es,)i(a)e(solution)0 90 y(has)39 |
| | 40303 | b(b)s(een)g(found.)60 b(If)38 b(no,)i(it)d(is)h(b)s(ecause)h(the)g |
| | 40304 | (breakup)g(could)f(not)g(tak)m(e)h(place)f(inside)g(the)g(region)0 |
| | 40305 | 198 y(studied,)32 b(i.e.)43 b(b)s(ecause)33 b(the)f(equation)f(system)i |
| | 40306 | (w)m(as)f(solv)m(ed)g(for)f(the)h(wrong)g(region.)42 |
| | 40307 | b(One)32 b(therefore)0 307 y(has)40 b(to)f(c)m(hange)i(either)f(index)g |
| | 40308 | Fj(j)45 b Fw(or)40 b(index)f Fj(k)k Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)e(b)m(y)f(one)g |
| | 40309 | (step,)j(i.e.)64 b(go)39 b(to)h(the)g(next)g(nearest)0 |
| | 40310 | 415 y(string)32 b(region.)43 b(In)33 b(this)g(new)g(region,)f(a)h(new)g |
| | 40311 | (equation)g(system)g(of)g(the)g(t)m(yp)s(e)g(in)f(eq.)i(\(196\))e(ma)m |
| | 40312 | (y)g(b)s(e)0 523 y(written)h(do)m(wn,)h(with)e(new)i(co)s(e\016cien)m |
| | 40313 | (ts.)45 b(A)33 b(new)h(solution)d(is)i(found)g(and)g(tested,)h(and)f |
| | 40314 | (so)g(on)g(un)m(til)0 632 y(a)38 b(ph)m(ysically)g(acceptable)h |
| | 40315 | (solution)e(is)h(found.)62 b(The)40 b(hadron)e(four-momen)m(tum)f(is)h |
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| | 40317 | (yp)s(e)h(\(193\).)43 b(The)33 b(breakup)g(found)f(forms)f(the)h |
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| | 40322 | 1231 y Fp(12.3)136 b(Indep)t(enden)l(t)44 b(F)-11 b(ragmen)l(tation)0 |
| | 40323 | 1403 y Fw(The)35 b(indep)s(enden)m(t)h(fragmen)m(tation)c(\(IF\))i |
| | 40324 | (approac)m(h)h(dates)f(bac)m(k)i(to)e(the)g(early)g(sev)m(en)m(ties)j |
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| | 40326 | (with)h(the)h(Field-F)-8 b(eynman)33 b(pap)s(er)j([Fie78)o(].)52 |
| | 40327 | b(Subsequen)m(tly)-8 b(,)0 1620 y(IF)29 b(w)m(as)g(the)g(basis)g(for)f |
| | 40328 | (t)m(w)m(o)i(programs)e(widely)g(used)i(in)e(the)h(early)g(PETRA/PEP)h |
| | 40329 | (da)m(ys,)h(the)e(Ho)m(y)m(er)0 1728 y(et)34 b(al.)f([Ho)m(y79)q(])h |
| | 40330 | (and)g(the)g(Ali)e(et)j(al.)e([Ali80)n(])h(programs.)47 |
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| | 40332 | 1837 y(a)f(wide)h(selection)f(of)g(indep)s(enden)m(t)i(fragmen)m |
| | 40333 | (tation)d(algorithms.)0 2084 y Fo(12.3.1)113 b(F)-9 b(ragmen)m(tation) |
| | 40334 | 36 b(of)i(a)g(single)e(jet)0 2257 y Fw(In)30 b(the)g(IF)g(approac)m(h,) |
| | 40335 | g(it)f(is)g(assumed)i(that)e(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(of)h(an)m(y)i |
| | 40336 | (system)f(of)f(partons)h(can)g(b)s(e)0 2365 y(describ)s(ed)h(as)g(an)g |
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| | 40338 | s(cedures)j(for)e(eac)m(h)i(parton)0 2474 y(separately)-8 |
| | 40339 | b(.)54 b(The)37 b(pro)s(cess)g(is)e(to)h(b)s(e)g(carried)f(out)h(in)f |
| | 40340 | (the)i(o)m(v)m(erall)d(c.m.)54 b(frame)35 b(of)g(the)h(jet)g(system,)0 |
| | 40341 | 2582 y(with)j(eac)m(h)h(jet)g(fragmen)m(tation)d(axis)i(giv)m(en)h(b)m |
| | 40342 | (y)g(the)g(direction)e(of)h(motion)e(of)i(the)h(corresp)s(onding)0 |
| | 40343 | 2690 y(parton)32 b(in)g(that)g(frame.)146 2799 y(Exactly)42 |
| | 40344 | b(as)g(in)e(string)h(fragmen)m(tation,)h(an)f(iterativ)m(e)g(ansatz)h |
| | 40345 | (can)g(b)s(e)f(used)i(to)e(describ)s(e)h(the)0 2907 y(sucessiv)m(e)35 |
| | 40346 | b(pro)s(duction)c(of)h(one)h(hadron)f(after)g(the)h(next.)44 |
| | 40347 | b(Assume)34 b(that)e(a)g(quark)h(is)f(kic)m(k)m(ed)h(out)g(b)m(y)0 |
| | 40348 | 3015 y(some)39 b(hard)g(in)m(teraction,)g(carrying)g(a)g(w)m |
| | 40349 | (ell-de\014ned)g(amoun)m(t)f(of)h(energy)h(and)f(momen)m(tum.)61 |
| | 40350 | b(This)0 3124 y(quark)40 b(jet)f(q)h(is)f(split)f(in)m(to)h(a)g(hadron) |
| | 40351 | g(q)p 1534 3071 52 4 v(q)1586 3147 y Fl(1)1665 3124 y |
| | 40352 | Fw(and)g(a)g(remainder-jet)f(q)2611 3139 y Fl(1)2651 |
| | 40353 | 3124 y Fw(,)j(essen)m(tially)e(collinear)e(with)0 3232 |
| | 40354 | y(eac)m(h)32 b(other.)43 b(New)32 b(quark)g(and)g(hadron)f(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 40355 | (ours)h(are)g(pic)m(k)m(ed)g(as)f(already)g(describ)s(ed.)44 |
| | 40356 | b(The)32 b(sharing)0 3340 y(of)k(energy)h(and)f(momen)m(tum)f(is)g(giv) |
| | 40357 | m(en)i(b)m(y)g(some)f(probabilit)m(y)e(distribution)g |
| | 40358 | Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\),)37 b(where)h Fj(z)i Fw(is)c(the)0 |
| | 40359 | 3449 y(fraction)g(tak)m(en)j(b)m(y)g(the)f(hadron,)h(lea)m(ving)d(1)26 |
| | 40360 | b Fn(\000)g Fj(z)42 b Fw(for)37 b(the)i(remainder-jet.)57 |
| | 40361 | b(The)39 b(remainder-jet)d(is)0 3557 y(assumed)41 b(to)e(b)s(e)i(just)f |
| | 40362 | (a)g(scaled-do)m(wn)g(v)m(ersion)h(of)f(the)g(original)d(jet,)42 |
| | 40363 | b(in)d(an)h(a)m(v)m(erage)h(sense.)68 b(The)0 3665 y(pro)s(cess)32 |
| | 40364 | b(of)d(splitting)g(o\013)g(a)i(hadron)f(can)h(therefore)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 40365 | (iterated,)f(to)g(yield)g(a)g(sequence)j(of)d(hadrons.)0 |
| | 40366 | 3774 y(In)j(particular,)e(the)i(function)f Fj(f)11 b |
| | 40367 | Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))33 b(is)f(assumed)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(the)g(same)f(at)g |
| | 40368 | (eac)m(h)i(step,)f(i.e.)43 b(indep)s(enden)m(t)0 3882 |
| | 40369 | y(of)33 b(remaining)e(energy)-8 b(.)46 b(If)33 b Fj(z)38 |
| | 40370 | b Fw(is)32 b(in)m(terpreted)i(as)g(the)f(fraction)f(of)h(the)h(jet)f |
| | 40371 | Fj(E)c Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)3015 3897 y Fl(L)3063 3882 y Fw(,)34 |
| | 40372 | b(i.e.)44 b(energy)35 b(plus)0 3990 y(longitudinal)d(momen)m(tum)j |
| | 40373 | (with)g(resp)s(ect)i(to)f(the)g(jet)g(axis,)g(this)g(leads)f(to)h(a)f |
| | 40374 | (\015at)h(cen)m(tral)g(rapidit)m(y)0 4099 y(plateau)c |
| | 40375 | Fj(dn=dy)j Fw(for)d(a)g(large)g(initial)c(energy)-8 b(.)146 |
| | 40376 | 4207 y(F)g(ragmen)m(tation)33 b(functions)i(can)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hosen)h |
| | 40377 | (among)e(those)i(listed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(for)g(string)f(fragmen-)0 |
| | 40378 | 4316 y(tation,)d(but)i(also)f(here)h(the)g(default)f(is)g(the)h(Lund)g |
| | 40379 | (symmetric)f(fragmen)m(tation)f(function.)146 4424 y(The)25 |
| | 40380 | b(normal)d Fj(z)29 b Fw(in)m(terpretation)23 b(means)h(that)g(a)g(c)m |
| | 40381 | (hoice)g(of)f(a)h Fj(z)29 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue)23 b(close)h(to)g(0)g |
| | 40382 | (corresp)s(onds)h(to)f(a)0 4532 y(particle)d(mo)m(ving)g(bac)m(kw)m |
| | 40383 | (ards,)26 b(i.e.)40 b(with)21 b Fj(p)1591 4547 y Fl(L)1667 |
| | 40384 | 4532 y Fj(<)28 b Fw(0.)39 b(It)23 b(mak)m(es)f(sense)i(to)e(allo)m(w)e |
| | 40385 | (only)i(the)h(pro)s(duction)e(of)0 4641 y(particles)27 |
| | 40386 | b(with)h Fj(p)653 4656 y Fl(L)729 4641 y Fj(>)f Fw(0,)i(but)f(to)g |
| | 40387 | (explicitly)e(constrain)h Fj(z)33 b Fw(accordingly)27 |
| | 40388 | b(w)m(ould)h(destro)m(y)h(longitudinal)0 4749 y(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 40389 | b(ariance.)41 b(The)31 b(most)d(straigh)m(tforw)m(ard)h(w)m(a)m(y)h |
| | 40390 | (out)f(is)g(to)g(allo)m(w)e(all)g Fj(z)34 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues)29 |
| | 40391 | b(but)h(discard)f(hadrons)0 4857 y(with)39 b Fj(p)278 |
| | 40392 | 4872 y Fl(L)365 4857 y Fj(<)h Fw(0.)63 b(Fla)m(v)m(our,)41 |
| | 40393 | b(transv)m(erse)g(momen)m(tum)d(and)i Fj(E)33 b Fw(+)26 |
| | 40394 | b Fj(p)2455 4872 y Fl(L)2543 4857 y Fw(carried)39 b(b)m(y)h(these)h |
| | 40395 | (hadrons)e(are)0 4966 y(`lost')j(for)f(the)i(forw)m(ard)f(jet.)73 |
| | 40396 | b(The)43 b(a)m(v)m(erage)g(energy)g(of)f(the)h(\014nal)e(jet)h(comes)h |
| | 40397 | (out)f(roughly)f(righ)m(t)0 5074 y(this)c(w)m(a)m(y)-8 |
| | 40398 | b(,)40 b(with)e(a)f(spread)h(of)f(1{2)g(GeV)h(around)g(the)g(mean.)58 |
| | 40399 | b(The)38 b(jet)g(longitudinal)c(momen)m(tum)0 5182 y(is)j(decreased,)k |
| | 40400 | (ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)g(since)d(the)g(jet)f(acquires)h(an)g(e\013ectiv)m |
| | 40401 | (e)g(mass)g(during)e(the)i(fragmen)m(tation)0 5291 y(pro)s(cedure.)48 |
| | 40402 | b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(a)h(2-jet)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(this)d(is)g(as)h(it)f |
| | 40403 | (should)h(b)s(e,)g(at)g(least)f(on)h(a)m(v)m(erage,)h(b)s(ecause)g |
| | 40404 | (also)e(the)0 5399 y(momen)m(tum)e(of)h(the)h(comp)s(ensating)f(opp)s |
| | 40405 | (osite-side)g(parton)g(is)g(decreased.)146 5507 y(In)46 |
| | 40406 | b(addition)e(to)i(lo)s(cal)d(\015a)m(v)m(our)k(conserv)-5 |
| | 40407 | b(ation)46 b(in)f(q)2144 5522 y Fh(i)p 2172 5454 V 2172 |
| | 40408 | 5507 a Fw(q)2224 5531 y Fh(i)2298 5507 y Fw(splittings,)i(it)e(is)g |
| | 40409 | (also)g(assumed)i(that)0 5616 y(transv)m(erse)38 b(momen)m(tum)d(is)h |
| | 40410 | (lo)s(cally)e(conserv)m(ed,)39 b(i.e.)54 b(the)37 b(net)g |
| | 40411 | Fj(p)2444 5631 y Fk(?)2539 5616 y Fw(of)f(the)h(q)2877 |
| | 40412 | 5631 y Fh(i)p 2905 5563 V 2905 5616 a Fw(q)2957 5639 |
| | 40413 | y Fh(i)3021 5616 y Fw(pair)e(as)i(a)f(whole)g(is)1817 |
| | 40414 | 5953 y(241)p eop |
| | 40415 | %%Page: 242 248 |
| | 40416 | 242 247 bop 0 -18 a Fw(assumed)30 b(to)g(b)s(e)g(v)-5 |
| | 40417 | b(anishing.)41 b(The)31 b Fj(p)1350 -3 y Fk(?)1439 -18 |
| | 40418 | y Fw(of)e(the)h(q)g(is)g(tak)m(en)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(a)f(Gaussian)h(in)f |
| | 40419 | (the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(transv)m(erse)0 90 y(degrees)41 b(of)d(freedom)h |
| | 40420 | (separately)-8 b(,)41 b(with)e(the)h(transv)m(erse)h(momen)m(tum)d(of)h |
| | 40421 | (a)g(hadron)g(obtained)g(b)m(y)0 198 y(the)33 b(sum)f(of)h(constituen)m |
| | 40422 | (t)g(quark)g(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(ta.)146 307 y(Within)g(the)i(IF)g |
| | 40423 | (framew)m(ork,)g(there)h(is)e(no)g(unique)h(recip)s(e)f(for)g(ho)m(w)h |
| | 40424 | (gluon)f(jet)g(fragmen)m(tation)0 415 y(should)e(b)s(e)g(handled.)47 |
| | 40425 | b(One)35 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)c(is)j(to)f(treat)h(it)f(exactly)h(lik)m |
| | 40426 | (e)g(a)f(quark)i(jet,)f(with)g(the)g(initial)0 523 y(quark)d(\015a)m(v) |
| | 40427 | m(our)g(c)m(hosen)h(at)e(random)g(among)f(u,)p 1801 470 |
| | 40428 | 55 4 v 31 w(u,)i(d,)p 2025 444 V 31 w(d,)g(s)g(and)p |
| | 40429 | 2394 470 39 4 v 31 w(s,)g(including)d(the)j(ordinary)f(s)h(quark)0 |
| | 40430 | 632 y(suppression)43 b(factor.)71 b(Since)42 b(the)g(gluon)f(is)h(supp) |
| | 40431 | s(osed)h(to)e(fragmen)m(t)h(more)f(softly)g(than)h(a)g(quark)0 |
| | 40432 | 740 y(jet,)35 b(the)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(fuction)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)f(c)m |
| | 40433 | (hosen)j(indep)s(enden)m(tly)-8 b(.)49 b(Another)35 b(common)f(option)f |
| | 40434 | (is)0 848 y(to)41 b(split)f(the)i(g)g(jet)f(in)m(to)g(a)g(pair)f(of)h |
| | 40435 | (parallel)e(q)i(and)p 2047 795 52 4 v 42 w(q)h(ones,)i(sharing)d(the)g |
| | 40436 | (energy)-8 b(,)45 b(e.g.)70 b(as)41 b(in)g(a)0 957 y(p)s(erturbativ)m |
| | 40437 | (e)e(branc)m(hing)f(g)g Fn(!)g Fw(q)p 1301 904 V(q,)i(i.e.)60 |
| | 40438 | b Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))38 b Fn(/)g Fj(z)1990 |
| | 40439 | 920 y Fl(2)2056 957 y Fw(+)26 b(\(1)g Fn(\000)h Fj(z)t |
| | 40440 | Fw(\))2462 920 y Fl(2)2502 957 y Fw(.)60 b(The)40 b(fragmen)m(tation)c |
| | 40441 | (function)0 1065 y(could)25 b(still)e(b)s(e)j(c)m(hosen)h(indep)s |
| | 40442 | (enden)m(tly)-8 b(,)27 b(if)d(so)i(desired.)42 b(F)-8 |
| | 40443 | b(urther,)26 b(in)f(either)g(case)i(the)e(fragmen)m(tation)0 |
| | 40444 | 1173 y Fj(p)49 1188 y Fk(?)141 1173 y Fw(could)32 b(b)s(e)g(c)m(hosen)j |
| | 40445 | (to)d(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)e(di\013eren)m(t)h(mean.)0 1421 |
| | 40446 | y Fo(12.3.2)113 b(F)-9 b(ragmen)m(tation)36 b(of)i(a)g(jet)f(system)0 |
| | 40447 | 1594 y Fw(In)g(a)g(system)h(of)f(man)m(y)g(jets,)i(eac)m(h)f(jet)f(is)g |
| | 40448 | (fragmen)m(ted)g(indep)s(enden)m(tly)-8 b(.)57 b(Since)38 |
| | 40449 | b(eac)m(h)g(jet)f(b)m(y)h(itself)0 1702 y(do)s(es)28 |
| | 40450 | b(not)g(conserv)m(es)i(the)e(\015a)m(v)m(our,)i(energy)e(and)g(momen)m |
| | 40451 | (tum,)g(then)g(neither)f(do)s(es)i(a)e(system)i(of)e(jets.)0 |
| | 40452 | 1810 y(A)m(t)32 b(the)g(end)g(of)f(the)h(generation,)f(sp)s(ecial)f |
| | 40453 | (algorithms)f(are)i(therefore)h(used)h(to)e(patc)m(h)h(this)f(up.)44 |
| | 40454 | b(The)0 1919 y(c)m(hoice)35 b(of)e(approac)m(h)i(has)g(ma)5 |
| | 40455 | b(jor)33 b(consequences,)38 b(e.g.)49 b(for)34 b(ev)m(en)m(t)i(shap)s |
| | 40456 | (es)f(and)g Fj(\013)3079 1934 y Fl(s)3145 1919 y Fw(determinations)0 |
| | 40457 | 2027 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o84a)o(].)146 2135 y(Little)28 b(atten)m(tion)g |
| | 40458 | (is)h(usually)f(giv)m(en)h(to)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(conserv)-5 |
| | 40459 | b(ation,)30 b(and)f(w)m(e)h(only)f(o\013er)g(one)g(sc)m(heme.)0 |
| | 40460 | 2244 y(When)47 b(the)f(fragmen)m(tation)e(of)h(all)e(jets)k(has)f(b)s |
| | 40461 | (een)g(p)s(erformed,)j(indep)s(enden)m(tly)d(of)g(eac)m(h)g(other,)0 |
| | 40462 | 2352 y(the)40 b(net)g(initial)35 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)41 |
| | 40463 | b(comp)s(osition,)d(i.e.)64 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)40 b(of)f(u)g(quarks)i |
| | 40464 | (min)m(us)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)p 3404 2299 55 4 v 39 |
| | 40465 | w(u)f(quarks)0 2460 y(etc.,)45 b(is)c(compared)g(with)h(the)g(net)g |
| | 40466 | (\014nal)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(comp)s(osition.)68 b(In)42 |
| | 40467 | b(case)h(of)e(an)h(im)m(balance,)g(the)0 2569 y(\015a)m(v)m(ours)e(of)e |
| | 40468 | (the)h(hadron)g(with)f(lo)m(w)m(est)h(three-momen)m(tum)f(are)g(remo)m |
| | 40469 | (v)m(ed,)j(and)e(the)g(im)m(balance)e(is)0 2677 y(re-ev)-5 |
| | 40470 | b(aluated.)62 b(If)39 b(the)g(remaining)d(im)m(balance)i(could)g(b)s(e) |
| | 40471 | h(comp)s(ensated)g(b)m(y)h(a)f(suitable)f(c)m(hoice)h(of)0 |
| | 40472 | 2785 y(new)i(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g(for)e(this)h(hadron,)i(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 40473 | (ours)f(are)f(so)g(c)m(hosen,)j(a)c(new)i(mass)f(is)f(found)h(and)g |
| | 40474 | (the)h(new)0 2894 y(energy)46 b(can)f(b)s(e)h(ev)-5 b(aluated,)48 |
| | 40475 | b(k)m(eeping)e(the)f(three-momen)m(tum)f(of)h(the)g(original)d(hadron.) |
| | 40476 | 81 b(If)45 b(the)0 3002 y(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)36 b(of)h(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h |
| | 40477 | (from)e(the)i(hadron)f(with)g(lo)m(w)m(est)h(momen)m(tum)e(is)h(not)g |
| | 40478 | (enough,)i(\015a)m(v)m(ours)f(are)0 3111 y(remo)m(v)m(ed)i(from)f(the)h |
| | 40479 | (one)g(with)f(next-lo)m(w)m(est)i(momen)m(tum,)e(and)h(so)g(on)f(un)m |
| | 40480 | (til)g(enough)h(freedom)f(is)0 3219 y(obtained,)g(whereafter)g(the)g |
| | 40481 | (necessary)h(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g(are)e(recom)m(bined)g(at)g(random)f(to) |
| | 40482 | h(form)f(the)i(new)0 3327 y(hadrons.)44 b(Occasionally)31 |
| | 40483 | b(one)i(extra)g(q)1456 3342 y Fh(i)p 1485 3274 52 4 v |
| | 40484 | 1485 3327 a Fw(q)1536 3351 y Fh(i)1597 3327 y Fw(pair)e(m)m(ust)i(b)s |
| | 40485 | (e)g(created,)g(whic)m(h)h(is)e(then)h(done)g(according)0 |
| | 40486 | 3436 y(to)f(the)h(customary)g(probabilities.)146 3544 |
| | 40487 | y(Sev)m(eral)i(di\013eren)m(t)g(sc)m(hemes)i(for)d(energy)i(and)f |
| | 40488 | (momen)m(tum)e(conserv)-5 b(ation)35 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(devised.) |
| | 40489 | 0 3652 y(One)29 b([Ho)m(y79)q(])g(is)f(to)h(conserv)m(e)i(transv)m |
| | 40490 | (erse)g(momen)m(tum)d(lo)s(cally)e(within)i(eac)m(h)i(jet,)g(so)f(that) |
| | 40491 | g(the)g(\014nal)0 3761 y(momen)m(tum)g(v)m(ector)i(of)f(a)g(jet)g(is)g |
| | 40492 | (alw)m(a)m(ys)g(parallel)e(with)i(that)f(of)h(the)h(corresp)s(onding)f |
| | 40493 | (parton.)42 b(Then)0 3869 y(longitudinal)29 b(momen)m(ta)j(ma)m(y)g(b)s |
| | 40494 | (e)h(rescaled)h(separately)f(for)f(particles)g(within)g(eac)m(h)h(jet,) |
| | 40495 | g(suc)m(h)i(that)0 3977 y(the)j(ratio)f(of)g(rescaled)h(jet)g(momen)m |
| | 40496 | (tum)e(to)i(initial)c(parton)j(momen)m(tum)g(is)g(the)h(same)g(in)f |
| | 40497 | (all)f(jets.)0 4086 y(Since)28 b(the)g(initial)c(partons)29 |
| | 40498 | b(had)f(net)g(v)-5 b(anishing)27 b(three-momen)m(tum,)g(so)h(do)g(no)m |
| | 40499 | (w)h(the)f(hadrons.)43 b(The)0 4194 y(rescaling)31 b(factors)h(ma)m(y)f |
| | 40500 | (b)s(e)h(c)m(hosen)i(suc)m(h)f(that)f(also)f(energy)h(comes)g(out)g |
| | 40501 | (righ)m(t.)43 b(Another)32 b(common)0 4302 y(approac)m(h)i([Ali80)n(])g |
| | 40502 | (is)f(to)g(b)s(o)s(ost)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(to)d(the)h(frame)f(where)i |
| | 40503 | (the)f(total)e(hadronic)h(momen)m(tum)0 4411 y(is)42 |
| | 40504 | b(v)-5 b(anishing.)72 b(After)43 b(that,)h(energy)g(conserv)-5 |
| | 40505 | b(ation)42 b(can)h(b)s(e)g(obtained)f(b)m(y)h(rescaling)e(all)g |
| | 40506 | (particle)0 4519 y(three-momen)m(ta)32 b(b)m(y)h(a)f(common)g(factor.) |
| | 40507 | 146 4627 y(The)38 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)f(p)s(ossible)f(sc)m(hemes)k |
| | 40508 | (is)d(in\014nite.)54 b(Tw)m(o)37 b(further)g(options)f(are)g(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 40509 | b(ailable)34 b(in)i(the)0 4736 y(program.)66 b(One)41 |
| | 40510 | b(is)f(to)h(shift)f(all)e(particle)h(three-momen)m(ta)h(b)m(y)i(a)e |
| | 40511 | (common)f(amoun)m(t)h(to)g(giv)m(e)h(net)0 4844 y(v)-5 |
| | 40512 | b(anishing)36 b(momen)m(tum,)i(and)f(then)i(rescale)e(as)h(b)s(efore.) |
| | 40513 | 58 b(Another)38 b(is)f(to)h(shift)f(all)e(particle)h(three-)0 |
| | 40514 | 4952 y(momen)m(ta,)48 b(for)d(eac)m(h)i(particle)d(b)m(y)j(an)e(amoun)m |
| | 40515 | (t)h(prop)s(ortional)d(to)i(the)h(longitudinal)c(mass)k(with)0 |
| | 40516 | 5061 y(resp)s(ect)25 b(to)f(the)g(im)m(balance)e(direction,)j(and)f |
| | 40517 | (with)g(o)m(v)m(erall)f(magnitude)f(selected)j(to)f(giv)m(e)g(momen)m |
| | 40518 | (tum)0 5169 y(conserv)-5 b(ation,)30 b(and)f(then)h(rescale)f(as)g(b)s |
| | 40519 | (efore.)43 b(In)29 b(addition,)f(there)i(is)f(a)f(c)m(hoice)i(of)e |
| | 40520 | (whether)j(to)e(treat)0 5277 y(separate)i(colour)f(singlets)g(\(lik)m |
| | 40521 | (e)g(q)p 1286 5225 V(q)1338 5241 y Fk(0)1392 5277 y Fw(and)h(q)1631 |
| | 40522 | 5241 y Fk(0)p 1655 5225 V 1655 5277 a Fw(q)g(in)f(a)h(q)p |
| | 40523 | 1980 5225 V(q)q(q)2083 5241 y Fk(0)p 2106 5225 V 2106 |
| | 40524 | 5277 a Fw(q)2158 5241 y Fk(0)2212 5277 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t\))h(separately) |
| | 40525 | f(or)g(as)g(one)g(single)e(big)0 5386 y(system.)146 5494 |
| | 40526 | y(A)j(serious)g(conceptual)g(w)m(eakness)i(of)d(the)h(IF)g(framew)m |
| | 40527 | (ork)f(is)h(the)g(issue)g(of)f(Loren)m(tz)h(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 40528 | b(ariance.)0 5602 y(The)42 b(outcome)e(of)g(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)d |
| | 40529 | (pro)s(cedure)k(dep)s(ends)g(on)f(the)g(co)s(ordinate)e(frame)h(c)m |
| | 40530 | (hosen,)1817 5953 y(242)p eop |
| | 40531 | %%Page: 243 249 |
| | 40532 | 243 248 bop 0 -18 a Fw(a)34 b(problem)f(circum)m(v)m(en)m(ted)j(b)m(y)f |
| | 40533 | (requiring)e(fragmen)m(tation)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)j(to)f(b)s(e)g(carried)g |
| | 40534 | (out)g(in)f(the)i(c.m.)0 90 y(frame.)86 b(This)47 b(is)g(a)g(consisten) |
| | 40535 | m(t)h(pro)s(cedure)g(for)e(2-jet)h(ev)m(en)m(ts,)53 b(but)47 |
| | 40536 | b(only)g(a)f(tec)m(hnical)h(tric)m(k)g(for)0 198 y(m)m(ultijets.)146 |
| | 40537 | 307 y(It)24 b(should)f(b)s(e)h(noted,)i(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)i(that)23 |
| | 40538 | b(a)g(Loren)m(tz)h(co)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)23 b(generalization)e(of)i |
| | 40539 | (the)h(indep)s(enden)m(t)0 415 y(fragmen)m(tation)37 |
| | 40540 | b(mo)s(del)g(exists,)k(in)c(whic)m(h)j(separate)f(`gluon-t)m(yp)s(e')f |
| | 40541 | (and)h(`quark-t)m(yp)s(e')h(strings)e(are)0 523 y(used,)g(the)e(Mon)m |
| | 40542 | (tv)-5 b(a)m(y)37 b(sc)m(heme)g([Mon79].)53 b(The)37 |
| | 40543 | b(`quark)g(string')e(is)h(c)m(haracterized)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(ordinary)0 |
| | 40544 | 632 y(string)25 b(constan)m(t)h Fj(\024)p Fw(,)h(whereas)g(a)d(`gluon)h |
| | 40545 | (string')g(is)f(tak)m(en)j(to)e(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(string)g(constan)m(t)h |
| | 40546 | Fj(\024)3248 647 y Fl(g)3289 632 y Fw(.)41 b(If)25 b |
| | 40547 | Fj(\024)3503 647 y Fl(g)3571 632 y Fj(>)j Fw(2)p Fj(\024)0 |
| | 40548 | 740 y Fw(it)35 b(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(energetically)e(fa)m(v)m(ourable)i |
| | 40549 | (to)f(split)f(a)h(gluon)g(string)g(in)m(to)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(quark)g(ones,) |
| | 40550 | h(and)f(the)0 848 y(ordinary)47 b(Lund)h(string)e(mo)s(del)g(is)h(reco) |
| | 40551 | m(v)m(ered.)90 b(Otherwise,)52 b(for)47 b(a)g(3-jet)f(q)p |
| | 40552 | 2958 795 52 4 v(q)q(g)j(ev)m(en)m(t)g(the)f(three)0 957 |
| | 40553 | y(di\013eren)m(t)28 b(string)f(pieces)h(are)g(joined)f(at)g(a)g |
| | 40554 | (junction.)42 b(The)28 b(motion)e(of)h(this)g(junction)h(is)f(giv)m(en) |
| | 40555 | h(b)m(y)g(the)0 1065 y(comp)s(osan)m(t)k(of)h(string)f(tensions)h |
| | 40556 | (acting)f(on)g(it.)43 b(In)33 b(particular,)f(it)f(is)i(alw)m(a)m(ys)g |
| | 40557 | (p)s(ossible)f(to)g(b)s(o)s(ost)h(an)0 1173 y(ev)m(en)m(t)f(to)f(a)f |
| | 40558 | (frame)f(where)j(this)e(junction)g(is)g(at)h(rest.)43 |
| | 40559 | b(In)31 b(this)f(frame,)g(m)m(uc)m(h)h(of)f(the)h(standard)g(na)-11 |
| | 40560 | b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)0 1282 y(IF)32 b(picture)g(holds)g(for)f(the)i |
| | 40561 | (fragmen)m(tation)d(of)i(the)g(three)h(jets;)g(additionally)-8 |
| | 40562 | b(,)29 b(a)j(correct)h(treatmen)m(t)0 1390 y(w)m(ould)42 |
| | 40563 | b(automatically)d(giv)m(e)j(\015a)m(v)m(our,)k(momen)m(tum)41 |
| | 40564 | b(and)h(energy)h(conserv)-5 b(ation.)73 b(Unfortunately)-8 |
| | 40565 | b(,)0 1498 y(the)31 b(simplicit)m(y)d(is)j(lost)f(when)i(studying)f(ev) |
| | 40566 | m(en)m(ts)i(with)d(sev)m(eral)i(gluon)e(jets.)43 b(In)31 |
| | 40567 | b(general,)g(eac)m(h)h(ev)m(en)m(t)0 1607 y(will)e(con)m(tain)i(a)g(n)m |
| | 40568 | (um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(junctions,)h(resulting)e(in)g(a)h |
| | 40569 | (p)s(olyp)s(o)s(d)f(shap)s(e)i(with)f(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)0 |
| | 40570 | 1715 y(of)i(quark)h(and)f(gluons)g(strings)g(stic)m(king)g(out)g(from)f |
| | 40571 | (a)h(sk)m(eleton)h(of)e(gluon)h(strings.)48 b(With)33 |
| | 40572 | b(the)i(shift)0 1823 y(of)e(emphasis)f(from)g(three-parton)h(to)g(m)m |
| | 40573 | (ulti-parton)d(con\014gurations,)j(the)h(simple)d(option)h(existing)0 |
| | 40574 | 1932 y(in)g Fm(Jetset)f Fw(6.3)h(therefore)i(is)e(no)g(longer)g |
| | 40575 | (included.)146 2040 y(A)g(second)i(conceptual)e(w)m(eakness)i(of)e(IF)g |
| | 40576 | (is)f(the)i(issue)f(of)g(collinear)d(div)m(ergences.)45 |
| | 40577 | b(In)33 b(a)e(parton-)0 2148 y(sho)m(w)m(er)46 b(picture,)i(where)e(a)e |
| | 40578 | (quark)i(or)e(gluon)g(is)g(exp)s(ected)i(to)f(branc)m(h)g(in)m(to)f |
| | 40579 | (sev)m(eral)h(reasonably)0 2257 y(collimated)31 b(partons,)k(the)g |
| | 40580 | (indep)s(enden)m(t)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(of)h(one)g(single)f(parton)i |
| | 40581 | (or)e(of)h(a)g(bunc)m(h)i(of)0 2365 y(collinear)30 b(ones)j(giv)m(es)f |
| | 40582 | (quite)g(di\013eren)m(t)h(outcomes,)f(e.g.)44 b(with)31 |
| | 40583 | b(a)h(m)m(uc)m(h)h(larger)e(hadron)h(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)0 |
| | 40584 | 2473 y(in)26 b(the)i(latter)e(case.)43 b(It)27 b(is)f(conceiv)-5 |
| | 40585 | b(able)27 b(that)g(a)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(set)h(of)e(fragmen)m(tation)g |
| | 40586 | (functions)h(could)f(b)s(e)0 2582 y(constructed)34 b(in)d(the)h(sho)m |
| | 40587 | (w)m(er)i(case)e(in)g(order)g(to)f(circum)m(v)m(en)m(t)i(this)f |
| | 40588 | (problem)e(\(lo)s(cal)g(parton{hadron)0 2690 y(dualit)m(y)i([Dok89)o(]) |
| | 40589 | h(w)m(ould)f(corresp)s(ond)i(to)e(ha)m(ving)g Fj(f)11 |
| | 40590 | b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))28 b(=)g Fj(\016)t Fw(\()p Fj(z)e |
| | 40591 | Fn(\000)d Fw(1\)\).)0 2964 y Fp(12.4)136 b(Other)45 b(F)-11 |
| | 40592 | b(ragmen)l(tation)46 b(Asp)t(ects)0 3137 y Fw(Here)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(asp)s |
| | 40593 | (ects)h(are)e(considered,)k(whic)m(h)d(are)g(applicable)d(regardless)j |
| | 40594 | (of)e(whether)j(string)e(or)0 3245 y(indep)s(enden)m(t)34 |
| | 40595 | b(fragmen)m(tation)c(is)j(used.)0 3493 y Fo(12.4.1)113 |
| | 40596 | b(Small)35 b(mass)j(systems)0 3665 y Fw(Occasionally)-8 |
| | 40597 | b(,)46 b(a)f(jet)g(system)h(ma)m(y)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)s(o)d(small)e(an)j |
| | 40598 | (in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)44 b(mass)h(for)g(the)g(ordinary)f(jet)0 |
| | 40599 | 3774 y(fragmen)m(tation)32 b(sc)m(hemes.)48 b(This)34 |
| | 40600 | b(is)f(particularly)e(a)i(problem)g(when)h(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(are)e(used,) |
| | 40601 | h(since)f(t)m(w)m(o)0 3882 y(nearb)m(y)47 b(g)53 b Fn(!)d |
| | 40602 | Fw(q)636 3846 y Fk(0)p 660 3829 V 660 3882 a Fw(q)712 |
| | 40603 | 3846 y Fk(0)781 3882 y Fw(branc)m(hings)d(ma)m(y)f(giv)m(e)g(rise)g(to) |
| | 40604 | g(an)g(in)m(termediate)g(lo)m(w-mass)f(colour-singlet)0 |
| | 40605 | 3990 y(system.)55 b(Before)36 b(the)h(ordinary)e(fragmen)m(tation,)g |
| | 40606 | (one)i(includes)f(an)g(optional)e(additional)f(step,)38 |
| | 40607 | b(to)0 4099 y(catc)m(h)47 b(situations)d(of)i(this)f(kind.)83 |
| | 40608 | b(First)45 b(the)h(jet)g(system)h(with)e(lo)m(w)m(est)h(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 40609 | b(arian)m(t)45 b(mass,)k(min)m(us)0 4207 y(endp)s(oin)m(t)37 |
| | 40610 | b(quark)h(masses,)i(is)c(found.)58 b(If)37 b(this)g(is)g(to)s(o)g(lo)m |
| | 40611 | (w)f(for)h(jet)g(fragmen)m(tation,)g(an)g(attempt)g(is)0 |
| | 40612 | 4316 y(made)30 b(to)g(split)f(the)i(system)g(in)m(to)f(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 40613 | (hadrons)f(b)m(y)i(pro)s(ducing)d(a)h(new)i(q)2739 4331 |
| | 40614 | y Fh(n)p 2786 4263 V 2786 4316 a Fw(q)2838 4339 y Fh(n)2915 |
| | 40615 | 4316 y Fw(pair)d(\(with)h(q)3422 4331 y Fh(n)3500 4316 |
| | 40616 | y Fw(c)m(hosen)0 4424 y(according)k(to)g(the)h(standard)g(fragmen)m |
| | 40617 | (tation)e(sc)m(heme,)k(so)d(that)h(e.g.)50 b(also)33 |
| | 40618 | b(diquarks)j(are)e(allo)m(w)m(ed\))0 4532 y(to)e(go)g(with)g(the)h |
| | 40619 | (existing)f(endp)s(oin)m(t)h(\015a)m(v)m(ours.)45 b(If)32 |
| | 40620 | b(the)h(sum)f(of)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(th)m(us)f(constructed)h(hadron)0 |
| | 40621 | 4641 y(masses)k(is)f(smaller)f(than)h(the)h(total)e(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 40622 | b(arian)m(t)36 b(mass,)j(a)e(simple)f(isotropic)g(t)m(w)m(o-particle)g |
| | 40623 | (deca)m(y)j(is)0 4749 y(p)s(erformed.)55 b(If)37 b(not,)h(the)f(endp)s |
| | 40624 | (oin)m(t)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h(are)e(com)m(bined)h(to)f(giv)m(e)h(one)g |
| | 40625 | (single)f(hadron.)56 b(Next,)0 4857 y(the)33 b(parton)f(\(or)f |
| | 40626 | (hadron\))i(is)e(found)i(whic)m(h,)f(when)i(tak)m(en)f(together)f(with) |
| | 40627 | g(the)h(jet)f(system,)h(has)g(the)0 4966 y(largest)i(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 40628 | b(arian)m(t)35 b(mass.)54 b(A)36 b(minimal)c(transfer)k(of)g |
| | 40629 | (four-momen)m(tum)d(is)j(then)g(p)s(erformed,)h(whic)m(h)0 |
| | 40630 | 5074 y(puts)28 b(the)g(hadron)f(on)h(mass)f(shell)f(while)h(k)m(eeping) |
| | 40631 | h(the)g(mass)f(of)g(the)h(parton)f(unc)m(hanged.)43 b(With)27 |
| | 40632 | b(this)0 5182 y(done,)37 b(one)f(ma)m(y)f(again)f(searc)m(h)j(for)e(a)g |
| | 40633 | (lo)m(w-mass)g(jet)g(system,)j(and)d(iterate)g(the)h(pro)s(cedure)h(ab) |
| | 40634 | s(o)m(v)m(e,)0 5291 y(if)h(need)j(b)s(e.)64 b(The)40 |
| | 40635 | b(pro)s(cedure)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(seen)g(as)g(a)f(`p)s(o)s(or)f(man's)i |
| | 40636 | (cluster)f(fragmen)m(tation',)g(i.e.)64 b(a)0 5399 y(cluster)33 |
| | 40637 | b(and)g(a)f(lo)m(w-mass)g(string)f(are)i(considered)g(to)g(b)s(e)f |
| | 40638 | (more)g(or)h(less)g(the)g(same)f(thing.)1817 5953 y(243)p |
| | 40639 | eop |
| | 40640 | %%Page: 244 250 |
| | 40641 | 244 249 bop 0 -18 a Fo(12.4.2)113 b(Bose{Einstein)35 |
| | 40642 | b(e\013ects)0 154 y Fw(A)28 b(crude)h(option)d(for)h(the)i(sim)m |
| | 40643 | (ulation)24 b(of)k(Bose{Einstein)g(e\013ects)h(is)e(included,)h(but)g |
| | 40644 | (is)g(turned)g(o\013)g(b)m(y)0 263 y(default.)48 b(Here)35 |
| | 40645 | b(the)g(detailed)e(ph)m(ysics)j(is)e(not)g(that)g(w)m(ell)g(understo)s |
| | 40646 | (o)s(d,)h(see)g(e.g.)49 b([L\177)-49 b(or89].)49 b(What)34 |
| | 40647 | b(is)0 371 y(o\013ered)29 b(is)f(an)g(algorithm,)e(more)h(than)i(just)f |
| | 40648 | (a)h(parametrization)c(\(since)k(v)m(ery)h(sp)s(eci\014c)f(assumptions) |
| | 40649 | 0 479 y(and)e(c)m(hoices)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(made\),)g(and)g(y)m |
| | 40650 | (et)g(less)g(than)f(a)h(true)f(mo)s(del)f(\(since)i(the)g(underlying)f |
| | 40651 | (ph)m(ysics)0 588 y(picture)k(is)f(rather)h(fuzzy\).)44 |
| | 40652 | b(In)30 b(this)f(sc)m(heme,)j(the)e(fragmen)m(tation)e(is)i(allo)m(w)m |
| | 40653 | (ed)f(to)g(pro)s(ceed)i(as)f(usual,)0 696 y(and)39 b(so)h(is)f(the)g |
| | 40654 | (deca)m(y)i(of)e(short-liv)m(ed)f(particles)h(lik)m(e)f |
| | 40655 | Fj(\032)p Fw(.)64 b(Then)40 b(pairs)f(of)g(iden)m(tical)e(particles,)k |
| | 40656 | Fj(\031)3721 660 y Fl(+)0 804 y Fw(sa)m(y)-8 b(,)34 b(are)e(considered) |
| | 40657 | i(one)e(b)m(y)i(one.)44 b(The)33 b Fj(Q)1636 819 y Fh(ij)1729 |
| | 40658 | 804 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)h(a)f(pair)f Fj(i)i Fw(and)g |
| | 40659 | Fj(j)38 b Fw(is)32 b(ev)-5 b(aluated,)1337 1050 y Fj(Q)1414 |
| | 40660 | 1065 y Fh(ij)1503 1050 y Fw(=)1606 947 y Fg(q)p 1689 |
| | 40661 | 947 694 4 v 103 x Fw(\()p Fj(p)1776 1065 y Fh(i)1827 |
| | 40662 | 1050 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)1974 1065 y Fh(j)2010 1050 y Fw(\))2048 |
| | 40663 | 1021 y Fl(2)2110 1050 y Fn(\000)g Fw(4)p Fj(m)2343 1021 |
| | 40664 | y Fl(2)2415 1050 y Fj(;)1115 b Fw(\(197\))0 1275 y(where)37 |
| | 40665 | b Fj(m)f Fw(is)f(the)h(common)e(particle)g(mass.)53 b(A)36 |
| | 40666 | b(shifted)f(\(smaller\))f Fj(Q)2635 1239 y Fk(0)2635 |
| | 40667 | 1300 y Fh(ij)2731 1275 y Fw(is)h(then)h(to)g(b)s(e)f(found)h(suc)m(h)0 |
| | 40668 | 1396 y(that)29 b(the)g(\(in\014nite)f(statistics\))g(ratio)f |
| | 40669 | Fj(C)1478 1411 y Fl(2)1518 1396 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)p Fw(\))i(of)f(shifted)h |
| | 40670 | (to)f(unshifted)i Fj(Q)f Fw(distributions)e(is)i(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)0 |
| | 40671 | 1504 y(the)g(requested)j(parametrization.)39 b(The)30 |
| | 40672 | b(shap)s(e)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(c)m(hosen)i(either)e(exp)s(onen)m(tial)f |
| | 40673 | (or)h(Gaussian,)928 1712 y Fj(C)998 1727 y Fl(2)1038 |
| | 40674 | 1712 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)p Fw(\))e(=)h(1)22 b(+)g Fj(\025)17 |
| | 40675 | b Fw(exp)g(\()p Fn(\000)p Fw(\()p Fj(Q=d)p Fw(\))2098 |
| | 40676 | 1671 y Fh(r)2136 1712 y Fw(\))g Fj(;)146 b(r)31 b Fw(=)c(1)33 |
| | 40677 | b(or)f(2)g Fj(:)706 b Fw(\(198\))0 1920 y(\(In)42 b(fact,)i(the)f |
| | 40678 | (distribution)d(has)i(to)g(dip)f(sligh)m(tly)f(b)s(elo)m(w)i(unit)m(y)g |
| | 40679 | (at)g Fj(Q)g Fw(v)-5 b(alues)42 b(outside)f(the)i(Bose)0 |
| | 40680 | 2029 y(enhancemen)m(t)32 b(region,)f(from)e(conserv)-5 |
| | 40681 | b(ation)31 b(of)f(total)g(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)-8 b(.\))39 |
| | 40682 | b(If)31 b(the)g(inclusiv)m(e)f(distribution)0 2137 y(of)k |
| | 40683 | Fj(Q)190 2152 y Fh(ij)285 2137 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)34 b(is)g(assumed)h |
| | 40684 | (giv)m(en)g(just)g(b)m(y)g(phase)g(space,)h(at)e(least)g(at)g(small)e |
| | 40685 | (relativ)m(e)i(momen)m(tum)0 2257 y(then,)d(with)e(d)520 |
| | 40686 | 2221 y Fl(3)560 2257 y Fj(p=E)k Fn(/)28 b Fj(Q)945 2221 |
| | 40687 | y Fl(2)1002 2257 y Fw(d)p Fj(Q=)1182 2181 y Fn(p)p 1265 |
| | 40688 | 2181 411 4 v 76 x Fj(Q)1342 2228 y Fl(2)1404 2257 y Fw(+)22 |
| | 40689 | b(4)p Fj(m)1636 2228 y Fl(2)1675 2257 y Fw(,)30 b(then)h |
| | 40690 | Fj(Q)2029 2221 y Fk(0)2029 2282 y Fh(ij)2119 2257 y Fw(is)e(found)h(as) |
| | 40691 | f(the)h(solution)f(to)g(the)h(equation)928 2432 y Fg(Z)1011 |
| | 40692 | 2458 y Fh(Q)1067 2468 y Fe(ij)974 2620 y Fl(0)1266 2482 |
| | 40693 | y Fj(Q)1343 2445 y Fl(2)1399 2482 y Fw(d)p Fj(Q)p 1151 |
| | 40694 | 2526 494 4 v 1151 2544 a Fn(p)p 1235 2544 411 4 v 1235 |
| | 40695 | 2620 a Fj(Q)1312 2591 y Fl(2)1373 2620 y Fw(+)22 b(4)p |
| | 40696 | Fj(m)1605 2591 y Fl(2)1683 2549 y Fw(=)1786 2432 y Fg(Z)1869 |
| | 40697 | 2458 y Fh(Q)1925 2435 y Fd(0)1925 2481 y Fe(ij)1832 2620 |
| | 40698 | y Fl(0)2000 2549 y Fj(C)2070 2564 y Fl(2)2109 2549 y |
| | 40699 | Fw(\()p Fj(Q)p Fw(\))2403 2482 y Fj(Q)2480 2445 y Fl(2)2537 |
| | 40700 | 2482 y Fw(d)p Fj(Q)p 2289 2526 494 4 v 2289 2544 a Fn(p)p |
| | 40701 | 2372 2544 411 4 v 76 x Fj(Q)2449 2591 y Fl(2)2511 2620 |
| | 40702 | y Fw(+)g(4)p Fj(m)2743 2591 y Fl(2)2825 2549 y Fj(:)705 |
| | 40703 | b Fw(\(199\))0 2816 y(The)38 b(c)m(hange)h(of)d Fj(Q)725 |
| | 40704 | 2831 y Fh(ij)824 2816 y Fw(can)h(b)s(e)h(translated)f(in)m(to)f(an)i |
| | 40705 | (e\013ectiv)m(e)g(shift)f(of)g(the)h(three-momen)m(ta)e(of)h(the)0 |
| | 40706 | 2925 y(t)m(w)m(o)c(particles,)f(if)f(one)i(uses)h(as)f(extra)g |
| | 40707 | (constrain)m(t)f(that)h(the)g(total)e(three-momen)m(tum)g(of)h(eac)m(h) |
| | 40708 | i(pair)0 3033 y(b)s(e)40 b(conserv)m(ed)i(in)c(the)i(c.m.)64 |
| | 40709 | b(frame)39 b(of)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t.)66 b(Only)39 b(after)g(all)f |
| | 40710 | (pairwise)g(momen)m(tum)h(shifts)0 3141 y(ha)m(v)m(e)e(b)s(een)f(ev)-5 |
| | 40711 | b(aluated,)36 b(with)f(resp)s(ect)i(to)e(the)h(original)c(momen)m(ta,)j |
| | 40712 | (are)h(these)g(momen)m(ta)f(actually)0 3250 y(shifted,)f(for)e(eac)m(h) |
| | 40713 | j(particle)c(b)m(y)k(the)e(sum)h(of)e(ev)-5 b(aluated)33 |
| | 40714 | b(shifts.)46 b(The)34 b(total)e(energy)i(of)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)0 |
| | 40715 | 3358 y(sligh)m(tly)g(reduced)j(in)e(the)h(pro)s(cess,)h(whic)m(h)f(is)f |
| | 40716 | (comp)s(ensated)h(b)m(y)h(an)e(o)m(v)m(erall)g(rescaling)f(of)h(all)f |
| | 40717 | (c.m.)0 3466 y(frame)h(momen)m(tum)f(v)m(ectors.)57 b(It)37 |
| | 40718 | b(can)f(b)s(e)h(discussed)h(whic)m(h)g(are)e(the)h(particles)f(to)g(in) |
| | 40719 | m(v)m(olv)m(e)h(in)f(this)0 3575 y(rescaling.)66 b(Curren)m(tly)41 |
| | 40720 | b(the)f(only)g(exceptions)h(to)f(using)g(ev)m(erything)i(are)e(leptons) |
| | 40721 | g(and)g(neutrinos)0 3683 y(coming)g(from)g(resonance)i(deca)m(ys)h |
| | 40722 | (\(suc)m(h)g(as)f(W)q('s\))g(and)f(photons)h(radiated)f(b)m(y)h |
| | 40723 | (leptons)f(\(also)f(in)0 3791 y(initial)26 b(state)k(radiation\).)40 |
| | 40724 | b(Finally)-8 b(,)27 b(the)j(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hain)f(is)f(resumed)h(with)f |
| | 40725 | (more)g(long-liv)m(ed)e(particles)0 3900 y(lik)m(e)32 |
| | 40726 | b Fj(\031)238 3864 y Fl(0)277 3900 y Fw(.)146 4008 y(Tw)m(o)f(commen)m |
| | 40727 | (ts)e(can)h(b)s(e)g(made.)42 b(The)31 b(Bose{Einstein)f(e\013ect)g(is)f |
| | 40728 | (here)i(in)m(terpreted)f(almost)e(as)i(a)0 4117 y(classical)20 |
| | 40729 | b(force)j(acting)e(on)h(the)g(`\014nal)f(state',)k(rather)d(than)g(as)g |
| | 40730 | (a)g(quan)m(tum)g(mec)m(hanical)f(phenomenon)0 4225 y(on)43 |
| | 40731 | b(the)g(pro)s(duction)e(amplitude.)72 b(This)43 b(is)f(not)g(a)h |
| | 40732 | (credo,)i(but)e(just)g(an)g(ansatz)g(to)f(mak)m(e)h(things)0 |
| | 40733 | 4333 y(manageable.)51 b(Also,)36 b(since)g(only)f(pairwise)g(in)m |
| | 40734 | (teractions)g(are)h(considered,)i(the)e(e\013ects)h(asso)s(ciated)0 |
| | 40735 | 4442 y(with)42 b(three)i(or)e(more)g(nearb)m(y)i(particles)e(tend)h(to) |
| | 40736 | g(get)g(o)m(v)m(erestimated.)74 b(\(More)43 b(exact,)j(but)d(also)0 |
| | 40737 | 4550 y(more)e(time-consuming)e(metho)s(ds)i(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(found)g |
| | 40738 | (in)e([Za)5 b(j87].\))70 b(Th)m(us)43 b(the)f(input)f |
| | 40739 | Fj(\025)g Fw(ma)m(y)g(ha)m(v)m(e)0 4658 y(to)35 b(b)s(e)g(c)m(hosen)i |
| | 40740 | (smaller)d(than)h(what)g(one)h(w)m(an)m(ts)h(to)e(get)g(out.)51 |
| | 40741 | b(\(On)36 b(the)f(other)h(hand,)g(man)m(y)f(of)g(the)0 |
| | 40742 | 4767 y(pairs)c(of)h(an)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(con)m(tains)e(at)f(least)h(one)g |
| | 40743 | (particle)e(pro)s(duced)j(in)e(some)h(secondary)h(v)m(ertex,)h(lik)m(e) |
| | 40744 | d(a)0 4875 y(D)37 b(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)61 b(This)38 b(reduces)i(the)e |
| | 40745 | (fraction)f(of)g(pairs)g(whic)m(h)i(ma)m(y)e(con)m(tribute)i(to)e(the)h |
| | 40746 | (Bose{Einstein)0 4983 y(e\013ects,)33 b(and)e(th)m(us)h(reduces)h(the)f |
| | 40747 | (p)s(oten)m(tial)d(signal.\))41 b(This)32 b(option)e(should)h |
| | 40748 | (therefore)g(b)s(e)h(used)g(with)0 5092 y(caution,)g(and)h(only)f(as)g |
| | 40749 | (a)h(\014rst)g(appro)m(ximation)d(to)i(what)h(Bose{Einstein)g |
| | 40750 | (e\013ects)h(can)f(mean.)1817 5953 y(244)p eop |
| | 40751 | %%Page: 245 251 |
| | 40752 | 245 250 bop 0 -18 a Ft(13)161 b(P)l(articles)54 b(and)g(Their)g(Deca)l |
| | 40753 | (ys)0 189 y Fw(P)m(articles)43 b(are)g(the)g(building)e(blo)s(c)m(ks)j |
| | 40754 | (from)e(whic)m(h)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(are)d(constructed.)77 |
| | 40755 | b(W)-8 b(e)43 b(here)h(use)g(the)0 297 y(w)m(ord)37 b(`particle')e(in)g |
| | 40756 | (its)h(broadest)h(sense,)i(i.e.)54 b(including)34 b(partons,)j |
| | 40757 | (resonances,)i(hadrons,)f(and)e(so)0 405 y(on,)k(subgroups)f(w)m(e)g |
| | 40758 | (will)d(describ)s(e)j(in)e(the)i(follo)m(wing.)57 b(Eac)m(h)39 |
| | 40759 | b(particle)e(is)h(c)m(haracterized)h(b)m(y)g(some)0 514 |
| | 40760 | y(quan)m(tities,)33 b(suc)m(h)i(as)e(c)m(harge)h(and)f(mass.)45 |
| | 40761 | b(In)34 b(addition,)d(man)m(y)i(of)g(the)h(particles)e(are)h(unstable)g |
| | 40762 | (and)0 622 y(subsequen)m(tly)27 b(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)42 |
| | 40763 | b(This)25 b(section)g(con)m(tains)f(a)h(surv)m(ey)h(of)e(the)h |
| | 40764 | (particle)e(con)m(ten)m(t)j(of)e(the)h(programs,)0 730 |
| | 40765 | y(and)e(the)h(particle)e(prop)s(erties)i(assumed.)41 |
| | 40766 | b(In)23 b(particular,)h(the)g(deca)m(y)h(treatmen)m(t)e(is)g |
| | 40767 | (discussed.)42 b(Some)0 839 y(particle)35 b(and)h(deca)m(y)i(prop)s |
| | 40768 | (erties)e(form)f(part)h(already)g(of)g(the)h(hard)f(subpro)s(cess)i |
| | 40769 | (description,)f(and)0 947 y(are)c(therefore)g(describ)s(ed)g(in)f |
| | 40770 | (sections)h(6,)g(7)f(and)g(8.)0 1221 y Fp(13.1)136 b(The)44 |
| | 40771 | b(P)l(article)j(Con)l(ten)l(t)0 1394 y Fw(In)g(order)f(to)g(describ)s |
| | 40772 | (e)h(b)s(oth)f(curren)m(t)i(and)e(p)s(oten)m(tial)f(future)h(ph)m |
| | 40773 | (ysics,)52 b(a)46 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(di\013eren)m(t)0 |
| | 40774 | 1502 y(particles)35 b(are)h(needed.)54 b(A)36 b(list)e(of)i(some)f |
| | 40775 | (particles,)h(along)e(with)i(their)f(co)s(des,)i(is)e(giv)m(en)h(in)f |
| | 40776 | (section)0 1610 y(5.1.)43 b(Here)33 b(w)m(e)h(therefore)f(emphasize)g |
| | 40777 | (the)g(generalit)m(y)f(rather)g(than)h(the)g(details.)146 |
| | 40778 | 1719 y(F)-8 b(our)44 b(full)e(generations)i(of)f(quarks)j(and)e |
| | 40779 | (leptons)g(are)g(included)f(in)h(the)g(program,)i(although)0 |
| | 40780 | 1827 y(indications)h(from)g(LEP)j(strongly)e(suggest)h(that)g(only)f |
| | 40781 | (three)h(exist)g(in)f(Nature.)92 b(There)50 b(is)f(no)0 |
| | 40782 | 1935 y(standard)37 b(terminology)d(for)i(the)h(fourth)f(generation;)i |
| | 40783 | (w)m(e)g(use)f(l)f(for)g(the)g(do)m(wn)i(t)m(yp)s(e)f(quark)h(\(l)d |
| | 40784 | (for)0 2044 y(lo)m(w\),)26 b(h)f(for)g(the)g(up)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h(quark)g |
| | 40785 | (\(h)f(for)f(high\),)i Fj(\037)f Fw(for)f(the)i(lepton)e(and)h |
| | 40786 | Fj(\027)2672 2059 y Fh(\037)2745 2044 y Fw(for)g(the)g(neutrino.)41 |
| | 40787 | b(Quarks)0 2152 y(ma)m(y)33 b(app)s(ear)g(either)g(singly)f(or)h(in)f |
| | 40788 | (pairs;)h(the)h(latter)e(are)h(called)f(diquarks)i(and)f(are)h(c)m |
| | 40789 | (haracterized)0 2260 y(b)m(y)39 b(their)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(con)m(ten)m |
| | 40790 | (t)h(and)e(their)g(spin.)60 b(A)39 b(diquark)f(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h |
| | 40791 | (assumed)g(to)e(b)s(e)i(in)e(a)h(colour)0 2369 y(an)m(titriplet)30 |
| | 40792 | b(state.)146 2477 y(F)-8 b(rom)25 b(the)i(coloured)f(quarks)i(\(and)e |
| | 40793 | (diquarks\),)i(the)f(colour)f(neutral)f(hadrons)i(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 40794 | (build)e(up.)0 2585 y(Six)k(full)f(meson)i(m)m(ultiplets)d(are)j |
| | 40795 | (included)f(and)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(bary)m(on)h(ones,)g(see)g(section)e |
| | 40796 | (12.1.)42 b(In)30 b(addition,)0 2714 y(K)76 2678 y Fl(0)76 |
| | 40797 | 2739 y(S)148 2714 y Fw(and)f(K)410 2678 y Fl(0)410 2739 |
| | 40798 | y(L)486 2714 y Fw(are)g(considered)h(as)f(separate)g(particles)f |
| | 40799 | (coming)f(from)g(the)j(`deca)m(y')g(of)e(K)3230 2678 |
| | 40800 | y Fl(0)3298 2714 y Fw(and)p 3484 2636 76 4 v 29 w(K)3560 |
| | 40801 | 2656 y Fl(0)3628 2714 y Fw(\(or,)0 2822 y(o)s(ccasionally)-8 |
| | 40802 | b(,)30 b(pro)s(duced)k(directly\).)146 2931 y(Other)49 |
| | 40803 | b(particles)e(from)g(the)i(Standard)g(Mo)s(del)e(include)h(the)h(gluon) |
| | 40804 | e(g)q(,)53 b(the)48 b(photon)h Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)52 b(the)0 |
| | 40805 | 3039 y(in)m(termediate)21 b(gauge)h(b)s(osons)h(Z)1190 |
| | 40806 | 3003 y Fl(0)1252 3039 y Fw(and)f(W)1532 3003 y Fk(\006)1592 |
| | 40807 | 3039 y Fw(,)i(and)f(the)g(standard)g(Higgs)e(H)2709 3003 |
| | 40808 | y Fl(0)2749 3039 y Fw(.)40 b(Non-standard)22 b(particles)0 |
| | 40809 | 3148 y(include)36 b(additional)d(gauge)j(b)s(osons,)h(Z)1493 |
| | 40810 | 3111 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1588 3148 y Fw(and)f(W)1882 3111 y |
| | 40811 | Fk(0\006)1961 3148 y Fw(,)h(additional)c(Higgs)i(b)s(osons)i(H)3156 |
| | 40812 | 3111 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)3214 3148 y Fw(,)g(A)3351 3111 y Fl(0)3427 |
| | 40813 | 3148 y Fw(and)f(H)3693 3111 y Fk(\006)3752 3148 y Fw(,)0 |
| | 40814 | 3256 y(a)f(lepto)s(quark)g(L)638 3271 y Fl(Q)732 3256 |
| | 40815 | y Fw(and)g(a)g(horizon)m(tal)f(gauge)h(b)s(oson)g(R)2102 |
| | 40816 | 3220 y Fl(0)2141 3256 y Fw(.)52 b(It)35 b(is)f(also)h(p)s(ossible)f(to) |
| | 40817 | h(use)h(the)g(particle)0 3364 y(co)s(des)f(of)f(the)h(curren)m(t)h |
| | 40818 | (fourth)f(generation)e(fermions)h(to)g(represen)m(t)j(excited)e(quarks) |
| | 40819 | h(and)e(leptons,)0 3473 y(q)51 3436 y Fk(\003)123 3473 |
| | 40820 | y Fw(and)f Fj(`)354 3436 y Fk(\003)393 3473 y Fw(.)146 |
| | 40821 | 3581 y(F)-8 b(rom)28 b(the)h(p)s(oin)m(t)e(of)i(view)g(of)f(usage)h |
| | 40822 | (inside)f(the)h(programs,)g(particles)f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(sub)s(divided) |
| | 40823 | g(in)m(to)0 3689 y(three)k(classes,)h(partly)e(o)m(v)m(erlapping.)119 |
| | 40824 | 3802 y(1.)49 b(A)33 b(parton)g(is)f(generically)g(an)m(y)i(ob)5 |
| | 40825 | b(ject)33 b(whic)m(h)h(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(found)g(in)g(the)g(w)m(a)m(v)m |
| | 40826 | (e)i(function)d(of)h(the)244 3911 y(incoming)23 b(b)s(eams,)k(and)f(ma) |
| | 40827 | m(y)g(participate)e(in)h(initial-)d(or)j(\014nal-state)g(sho)m(w)m |
| | 40828 | (ers.)44 b(This)26 b(includes)244 4019 y(what)38 b(is)f(normally)f |
| | 40829 | (mean)m(t)h(b)m(y)i(partons,)g(i.e.)59 b(quarks)39 b(and)f(gluons,)g |
| | 40830 | (but)g(here)h(also)d(leptons)244 4127 y(and)25 b(photons.)42 |
| | 40831 | b(In)26 b(a)f(few)g(cases)i(other)f(particles)e(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)h |
| | 40832 | (classi\014ed)f(as)h(partons)f(in)g(this)g(sense.)119 |
| | 40833 | 4245 y(2.)49 b(A)28 b(resonance)i(is)d(an)h(unstable)h(particle)e(pro)s |
| | 40834 | (duced)i(as)f(part)g(of)g(the)g(hard)h(pro)s(cess,)h(and)e(where)244 |
| | 40835 | 4353 y(the)39 b(deca)m(y)h(treatmen)m(t)f(normally)d(is)i(also)g(part)g |
| | 40836 | (of)g(the)h(hard)g(pro)s(cess.)63 b(Resonance)40 b(partial)244 |
| | 40837 | 4462 y(widths)47 b(are)g(p)s(erturbativ)m(ely)g(calculable,)h(and)f |
| | 40838 | (therefore)h(it)e(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)h(dynamically)244 |
| | 40839 | 4570 y(recalculate)29 b(branc)m(hing)h(ratios)f(as)h(a)f(function)h(of) |
| | 40840 | f(the)h(mass)g(assigned)g(to)g(a)f(resonance.)44 b(Res-)244 |
| | 40841 | 4678 y(onances)e(includes)f(particles)g(lik)m(e)g(the)g(Z)1823 |
| | 40842 | 4642 y Fl(0)1904 4678 y Fw(and)g(other)g(massiv)m(e)h(gauge)f(b)s |
| | 40843 | (osons)h(and)f(Higgs)244 4787 y(particles.)53 b(It)37 |
| | 40844 | b(do)s(es)f(not)g(include)g(hadrons)h(with)f(non-v)-5 |
| | 40845 | b(anishing)34 b(width,)j(lik)m(e)f(the)g Fj(\032)p Fw(,)i(whic)m(h)244 |
| | 40846 | 4895 y(are)32 b(just)h(called)f(`unstable)h(hadrons'.)119 |
| | 40847 | 5013 y(3.)49 b(Hadrons,)33 b(i.e.)43 b(mesons)34 b(and)f(bary)m(ons)g |
| | 40848 | (pro)s(duced)h(either)e(in)g(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(pro)s(cess,)j(in) |
| | 40849 | 244 5121 y(secondary)43 b(deca)m(ys)g(or)f(as)f(part)h(of)f(the)h(b)s |
| | 40850 | (eam)f(remnan)m(t)g(treatmen)m(t,)j(but)e(not)f(directly)g(as)244 |
| | 40851 | 5230 y(part)g(of)g(the)h(hard)f(pro)s(cess)i(\(except)g(in)e(a)g(few)h |
| | 40852 | (sp)s(ecial)e(cases\).)72 b(Hadrons)42 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(stable)244 |
| | 40853 | 5338 y(or)c(unstable.)60 b(Branc)m(hing)38 b(ratios)g(are)g(not)g |
| | 40854 | (assumed)h(p)s(erturbativ)m(ely)f(calculable,)g(and)g(can)244 |
| | 40855 | 5446 y(therefore)33 b(b)s(e)f(set)h(freely)-8 b(.)43 |
| | 40856 | b(Also)31 b(leptons)h(and)g(photons)h(pro)s(duced)g(in)e(deca)m(ys)j(b) |
| | 40857 | s(elong)d(to)h(this)244 5555 y(class.)1817 5953 y(245)p |
| | 40858 | eop |
| | 40859 | %%Page: 246 252 |
| | 40860 | 246 251 bop 146 -18 a Fw(Usually)42 b(the)g(sub)s(division)f(ab)s(o)m |
| | 40861 | (v)m(e)i(is)e(easy)j(to)d(understand)j(and)e(giv)m(es)g(y)m(ou)h(the)f |
| | 40862 | (con)m(trol)g(y)m(ou)0 90 y(w)m(ould)33 b(exp)s(ect.)45 |
| | 40863 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)36 b(the)d(classi\014cation)e(of)h(top)h(and)g(the) |
| | 40864 | g(fourth)g(generation)f(fermions)g(ma)m(y)0 198 y(lead)f(to)h(some)g |
| | 40865 | (confusion,)g(as)g(already)f(men)m(tioned,)h(section)g(8.2.2.)43 |
| | 40866 | b(The)32 b(problem)f(is)h(that)f(the)i(top)0 307 y(did)e(not)h(use)h |
| | 40867 | (to)e(b)s(e)h(treated)h(as)f(a)f(resonance,)j(but)e(w)m(as)h(rather)f |
| | 40868 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)g(fragmen)m(t)g(to)h(hadrons,)0 415 |
| | 40869 | y(whic)m(h)d(subsequen)m(tly)h(deca)m(y)m(ed.)45 b(This)28 |
| | 40870 | b(approac)m(h)g(w)m(as)h(a)f(reasonable)g(c)m(hoice)h(in)e(the)i(da)m |
| | 40871 | (ys)g(when)g(the)0 523 y(top)c(mass)f(w)m(as)i(assumed)g(quite)e(ligh)m |
| | 40872 | (t)f(b)m(y)j(to)s(da)m(y's)f(standards.)42 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)29 |
| | 40873 | b(giv)m(en)c(curren)m(t)h(top)e(limits,)0 632 y(the)29 |
| | 40874 | b(fragmen)m(tation)e(and)h(the)h(deca)m(y)h(of)e(the)h(top)f(quark)i |
| | 40875 | (is)e(b)s(eing)g(pla)m(y)m(ed)h(out)f(on)h(comparable)e(time)0 |
| | 40876 | 740 y(scales,)42 b(and)d(the)h(treatmen)m(t)f(b)s(ecomes)g(m)m(uc)m(h)h |
| | 40877 | (more)f(di\016cult)f(\(see)j(e.g.)63 b(ref.)h([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 40878 | b(o92a)o(])39 b(for)g(a)g(to)m(y)0 848 y(mo)s(del)29 |
| | 40879 | b(description\).)43 b(Starting)30 b(at)h(masses)g(of)g(around)g(120)g |
| | 40880 | (GeV)g(the)g(top)g(deca)m(y)i(time)c(is)i(so)g(short)0 |
| | 40881 | 957 y(that)23 b(no)f(top)h(hadrons)h(at)e(all)f(are)i(formed,)h(and)f |
| | 40882 | (then)g(a)g(true)g(resonance)h(description)f(is)f(appropriate,)0 |
| | 40883 | 1065 y(but)40 b(still)d(with)j(some)f(complications)f(due)i(to)g(the)g |
| | 40884 | (net)g(colour)f(c)m(harge)h(of)g(the)g(top)f(quark.)66 |
| | 40885 | b(Suc)m(h)0 1173 y(an)40 b(option)e(is)h(no)m(w)i(default,)g(wherein)f |
| | 40886 | (the)g(top)f(quark)i(is)e(assumed)h(to)g(deca)m(y)h(immediately)-8 |
| | 40887 | b(,)38 b(but)0 1282 y(in)m(termediate)28 b(scenarios)h(can)g(not)g(b)s |
| | 40888 | (e)g(mo)s(delled.)41 b(The)29 b(app)s(earance)h(of)e(in)m(termediate)g |
| | 40889 | (top)h(hadrons)0 1390 y(in)j(the)h(description)f(has)h(little)d |
| | 40890 | (in\015uence)j(on)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(shap)s(es,)g(ev)m(en)g(for)e(a)h(v)m |
| | 40891 | (ery)h(hea)m(vy)g(top.)0 1663 y Fp(13.2)136 b(Masses,)45 |
| | 40892 | b(Widths)g(and)g(Lifetimes)0 1836 y Fo(13.2.1)113 b(Masses)0 |
| | 40893 | 2008 y Fw(Quark)37 b(masses)h(are)f(not)g(particularly)e(w)m(ell)h |
| | 40894 | (de\014ned.)59 b(In)37 b(the)h(program)e(it)g(is)g(necessary)k(to)c |
| | 40895 | (mak)m(e)0 2117 y(use)k(of)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(kinds)f(of)g(masses,)i(curren) |
| | 40896 | m(t)g(algebra)d(ones)h(and)h(constituen)m(t)f(ones.)64 |
| | 40897 | b(The)40 b(former)e(are)0 2225 y(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)30 |
| | 40898 | b(for)g(the)h(kinematics)e(in)h(hard)g(pro)s(cesses)i(\(e.g.)43 |
| | 40899 | b(in)30 b(gg)e Fn(!)g Fw(c)p 2554 2172 44 4 v(c\))j(and)f(for)g |
| | 40900 | (couplings)f(to)h(Higgs)0 2333 y(particles,)43 b(and)e(therefore)g |
| | 40901 | (directly)g(a\013ect)g(cross)i(sections.)69 b(These)43 |
| | 40902 | b(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(are)g(the)h(ones)g(stored)0 2442 |
| | 40903 | y(in)e(the)h(standard)g(mass)g(arra)m(y)h Fq(PMAS)p Fw(.)g(Constituen)m |
| | 40904 | (t)g(masses)g(are)e(used)i(to)f(deriv)m(e)g(the)g(masses)h(of)0 |
| | 40905 | 2550 y(hadrons,)g(and)d(are)g(stored)h(separately)g(in)f(the)g |
| | 40906 | Fq(PARF)i Fw(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)64 b(W)-8 b(e)39 b(main)m(tain)e(this)i |
| | 40907 | (distinction)f(for)0 2658 y(the)33 b(\014v)m(e)h(\014rst)f(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 40908 | (ours,)h(using)e(the)h(follo)m(wing)d(v)-5 b(alues)33 |
| | 40909 | b(b)m(y)g(default:)50 2774 y(quark)100 b(curren)m(t)34 |
| | 40910 | b(algebra)d(mass)100 b(constituen)m(t)33 b(mass)145 2894 |
| | 40911 | y(d)390 b(0.0099)31 b(GeV)428 b(0.325)32 b(GeV)145 3015 |
| | 40912 | y(u)390 b(0.0056)31 b(GeV)428 b(0.325)32 b(GeV)153 3135 |
| | 40913 | y(s)422 b(0.199)32 b(GeV)501 b(0.5)32 b(GeV)150 3255 |
| | 40914 | y(c)444 b(1.35)32 b(GeV)526 b(1.6)32 b(GeV)145 3376 y(b)463 |
| | 40915 | b(5.0)32 b(GeV)537 b(5.0)32 b(GeV.)0 3486 y(F)-8 b(or)42 |
| | 40916 | b(top)g(and)h(fourth)g(generation)f(quarks)i(the)f(distinction)e(is)h |
| | 40917 | (not)h(as)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t,)g(so)g(only)f(one)0 3594 |
| | 40918 | y(set)f(of)f(mass)h(v)-5 b(alues)40 b(is)g(used,)k(namely)39 |
| | 40919 | b(the)i(one)g(in)e Fq(PMAS)p Fw(.)j(The)f(default)f(top)g(mass)h(is)f |
| | 40920 | (160)f(GeV.)0 3702 y(Constituen)m(t)f(masses)g(for)f(diquarks)h(are)f |
| | 40921 | (de\014ned)i(as)e(the)h(sum)f(of)g(the)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)g(quark)h |
| | 40922 | (masses.)0 3811 y(The)34 b(gluon)d(is)h(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(assumed)h |
| | 40923 | (massless.)146 3919 y(P)m(article)i(masses,)j(when)f(kno)m(wn,)i(are)d |
| | 40924 | (tak)m(en)g(from)f(ref.)57 b([PDG92)o(].)f(Hyp)s(othesized)38 |
| | 40925 | b(particles,)0 4027 y(suc)m(h)30 b(as)e(fourth)h(generation)e(fermions) |
| | 40926 | h(and)g(Higgs)g(b)s(osons,)i(are)e(assigned)h(some)f(not)g |
| | 40927 | (unreasonable)0 4136 y(set)40 b(of)e(default)g(v)-5 b(alues,)41 |
| | 40928 | b(in)d(the)h(sense)i(of)e(where)h(y)m(ou)f(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)f(searc)m(h) |
| | 40929 | h(for)e(them)h(in)f(the)i(not)e(to)s(o)0 4244 y(distan)m(t)g(future.)61 |
| | 40930 | b(Here)39 b(it)f(is)f(understo)s(o)s(d)i(that)f(y)m(ou)h(will)d(go)i |
| | 40931 | (in)g(and)g(c)m(hange)h(the)g(default)f(v)-5 b(alues)0 |
| | 40932 | 4352 y(according)32 b(to)g(y)m(our)h(o)m(wn)h(opinions)d(at)h(the)h(b)s |
| | 40933 | (eginning)e(of)h(a)h(run.)146 4461 y(The)i(total)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h |
| | 40934 | (of)g(hadrons)g(in)g(the)g(program)f(is)h(v)m(ery)h(large,)f(whereof)g |
| | 40935 | (man)m(y)g(are)h(not)e(y)m(et)0 4569 y(disco)m(v)m(ered)42 |
| | 40936 | b(\(lik)m(e)d(c)m(harm)h(and)g(b)s(ottom)e(bary)m(ons\))j(and)f(other)g |
| | 40937 | (ma)m(y)g(or)g(ma)m(y)g(not)f(exist)i(\(top)e(and)0 4677 |
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| | 40939 | (the)h(latter,)f(it)f(w)m(ould)h(b)s(e)h(messy)h(for)e(the)g(user)i(to) |
| | 40940 | 0 4786 y(ha)m(v)m(e)k(to)e(recalculate)g(the)i(masses)f(of)f(hadron)h |
| | 40941 | (eac)m(h)h(time)d(the)i(assumed)h(quark)f(mass)g(is)f(c)m(hanged.)0 |
| | 40942 | 4894 y(Therefore)d(the)g(masses)g(of)e(y)m(et)i(undisco)m(v)m(ered)i |
| | 40943 | (mesons)d(and)h(bary)m(ons)g(are)f(built)e(up,)k(when)f(needed,)0 |
| | 40944 | 5003 y(from)g(the)i(constituen)m(t)h(masses.)44 b(F)-8 |
| | 40945 | b(or)32 b(this)g(purp)s(ose)h(one)g(uses)h(form)m(ulae)d(of)h(the)h(t)m |
| | 40946 | (yp)s(e)h([DeR75)o(])1079 5270 y Fj(m)28 b Fw(=)f Fj(m)1380 |
| | 40947 | 5285 y Fl(0)1442 5270 y Fw(+)1540 5187 y Fg(X)1588 5370 |
| | 40948 | y Fh(i)1677 5270 y Fj(m)1762 5285 y Fh(i)1812 5270 y |
| | 40949 | Fw(+)22 b Fj(k)e(m)2066 5229 y Fl(2)2066 5295 y(d)2126 |
| | 40950 | 5187 y Fg(X)2131 5370 y Fh(i<j)2273 5203 y Fn(h)p Fb(\033)2384 |
| | 40951 | 5218 y Fh(i)2434 5203 y Fn(\001)i Fb(\033)2556 5218 y |
| | 40952 | Fh(j)2592 5203 y Fn(i)p 2273 5247 359 4 v 2326 5339 a |
| | 40953 | Fj(m)2411 5354 y Fh(i)2456 5339 y Fj(m)2541 5354 y Fh(j)2674 |
| | 40954 | 5270 y Fj(;)856 b Fw(\(200\))0 5561 y(i.e.)59 b(one)38 |
| | 40955 | b(constan)m(t)g(term,)h(a)e(sum)h(o)m(v)m(er)h(constituen)m(t)f(masses) |
| | 40956 | h(and)f(a)f(spin-spin)g(in)m(teraction)g(term)0 5669 |
| | 40957 | y(for)28 b(eac)m(h)i(quark)f(pair)f(in)g(the)h(hadron.)42 |
| | 40958 | b(The)30 b(constan)m(ts)g Fj(m)2181 5684 y Fl(0)2249 |
| | 40959 | 5669 y Fw(and)f Fj(k)i Fw(are)e(\014tted)g(from)f(kno)m(wn)i(masses,) |
| | 40960 | 1817 5953 y(246)p eop |
| | 40961 | %%Page: 247 253 |
| | 40962 | 247 252 bop 0 -18 a Fw(treating)44 b(mesons)h(and)g(bary)m(ons)h |
| | 40963 | (separately)-8 b(.)80 b(F)-8 b(or)44 b(mesons)h(with)g(orbital)d |
| | 40964 | (angular)i(momen)m(tum)0 90 y Fj(L)32 b Fw(=)f(1)k(the)g(spin-spin)f |
| | 40965 | (coupling)g(is)g(assumed)h(v)-5 b(anishing,)35 b(and)g(only)f |
| | 40966 | Fj(m)2715 105 y Fl(0)2790 90 y Fw(is)g(\014tted.)51 b(One)35 |
| | 40967 | b(ma)m(y)f(also)0 198 y(de\014ne)h(`constituen)m(t)g(diquarks)g |
| | 40968 | (masses')g(using)f(the)h(form)m(ula)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)k(with)e(a)g |
| | 40969 | Fj(k)j Fw(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(2)p Fj(=)p Fw(3)h(that)g(of)0 |
| | 40970 | 307 y(bary)m(ons.)45 b(The)33 b(default)f(v)-5 b(alues)32 |
| | 40971 | b(are:)405 422 y(m)m(ultiplet)613 b Fj(m)1493 437 y Fl(0)2004 |
| | 40972 | 422 y Fj(k)50 542 y Fw(pseudoscalars)33 b(and)g(v)m(ectors)287 |
| | 40973 | b(0.)324 b(0.16)32 b(GeV)154 663 y(axial)f(v)m(ectors)j(\()p |
| | 40974 | Fj(S)f Fw(=)28 b(0\))228 b(0.50)32 b(GeV)323 b(0.)457 |
| | 40975 | 783 y(scalars)531 b(0.45)32 b(GeV)323 b(0.)154 904 y(axial)31 |
| | 40976 | b(v)m(ectors)j(\()p Fj(S)f Fw(=)28 b(1\))228 b(0.55)32 |
| | 40977 | b(GeV)323 b(0.)449 1024 y(tensors)524 b(0.60)32 b(GeV)323 |
| | 40978 | b(0.)433 1144 y(bary)m(ons)508 b(0.11)32 b(GeV)137 b(0.048)32 |
| | 40979 | b(GeV)416 1265 y(diquarks)467 b(0.077)32 b(GeV)100 b(0.048)31 |
| | 40980 | b(GeV.)0 1375 y(There)g(is)f(one)g(exception)h(to)f(the)g(rule)g(ab)s |
| | 40981 | (o)m(v)m(e,)h(and)f(that)g(is)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(neutral)g(mesons,)h |
| | 40982 | (i.e.)42 b(the)31 b(onia)0 1483 y(states)43 b(of)f(a)g(hea)m(vy)i |
| | 40983 | (quark{an)m(tiquark)f(pair.)72 b(These)44 b(are)e(de\014ned)i |
| | 40984 | (individually)-8 b(,)41 b(to)h(allo)m(w)f(more)0 1591 |
| | 40985 | y(\015exibilit)m(y)-8 b(.)0 1835 y Fo(13.2.2)113 b(Widths)0 |
| | 40986 | 2008 y Fw(A)39 b(width)h(is)f(calculated)f(p)s(erturbativ)m(ely)h(for)g |
| | 40987 | (those)h(resonances)i(whic)m(h)e(app)s(ear)f(in)f(the)i |
| | 40988 | Fm(Pythia)0 2116 y Fw(hard)33 b(pro)s(cess)g(generation)f(mac)m(hinery) |
| | 40989 | -8 b(.)43 b(The)34 b(width)e(is)g(used)i(to)e(select)h(masses)g(in)f |
| | 40990 | (hard)g(pro)s(cesses)0 2225 y(according)37 b(to)h(a)f(relativistic)f |
| | 40991 | (Breit{Wigner)g(shap)s(e.)60 b(In)38 b(man)m(y)g(pro)s(cesses)i(the)e |
| | 40992 | (width)g(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)0 2333 y(to)32 b(b)s(e)37 |
| | 40993 | b(^)-53 b Fj(s)p Fw(-dep)s(enden)m(t,)34 b(see)g(section)e(7.3.)146 |
| | 40994 | 2441 y(Other)g(particle)f(masses,)i(as)f(discussed)h(so)f(far,)g(ha)m |
| | 40995 | (v)m(e)h(b)s(een)g(\014xed)f(at)g(their)f(nominal)e(v)-5 |
| | 40996 | b(alue,)32 b(i.e.)0 2550 y(with)k(no)g(mass)g(broadening)f(for)h |
| | 40997 | (short-liv)m(ed)f(particles)h(suc)m(h)h(as)f Fj(\032)p |
| | 40998 | Fw(,)i(K)2686 2514 y Fk(\003)2761 2550 y Fw(or)e(\001.)54 |
| | 40999 | b(Compared)36 b(to)g(the)0 2658 y(Z)60 2622 y Fl(0)99 |
| | 41000 | 2658 y Fw(,)30 b(it)e(is)h(m)m(uc)m(h)h(more)f(di\016cult)f(to)h |
| | 41001 | (describ)s(e)h(the)g Fj(\032)f Fw(resonance)i(shap)s(e,)g(since)f(nonp) |
| | 41002 | s(erturbativ)m(e)f(and)0 2766 y(threshold)38 b(e\013ects)g(act)g(to)f |
| | 41003 | (distort)g(the)h(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)37 b(shap)s(e.)59 |
| | 41004 | b(Th)m(us)39 b(the)f Fj(\032)g Fw(mass)f(is)g(limited)d(from)j(b)s(elo) |
| | 41005 | m(w)0 2875 y(b)m(y)k(its)f(deca)m(y)i Fj(\032)f Fn(!)g |
| | 41006 | Fj(\031)t(\031)t Fw(,)h(but)f(also)e(from)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)j(e.g.)67 |
| | 41007 | b(in)40 b(the)h(deca)m(y)g Fj(\036)g Fn(!)g Fj(\032\031)t |
| | 41008 | Fw(.)67 b(In)41 b(some)f(deca)m(y)0 2983 y(c)m(hains,)g(sev)m(eral)f |
| | 41009 | (mass)f(c)m(hoices)h(are)f(coupled,)h(lik)m(e)f(in)f(a)2147 |
| | 41010 | 2998 y Fl(2)2223 2983 y Fn(!)g Fj(\032\031)t Fw(,)i(where)h(also)d(the) |
| | 41011 | h(a)3246 2998 y Fl(2)3324 2983 y Fw(has)g(a)g(non-)0 |
| | 41012 | 3091 y(negligible)31 b(width.)49 b(Finally)-8 b(,)32 |
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| | 41014 | 3106 y Fl(0)2837 3091 y Fw(,)g(whic)m(h)h(has)g(a)f(nominal)0 |
| | 41015 | 3200 y(mass)f(b)s(elo)m(w)f(the)i(KK)e(threshold,)h(but)g(a)g(tail)d |
| | 41016 | (extending)j(b)s(ey)m(ond)h(that)f(threshold,)g(and)g(therefore)0 |
| | 41017 | 3308 y(a)f(non-negligible)e(branc)m(hing)i(ratio)f(to)h(the)h(KK)g(c)m |
| | 41018 | (hannel.)146 3416 y(In)24 b(view)f(of)f(examples)h(lik)m(e)g(these,)j |
| | 41019 | (no)d(attempt)f(is)g(made)h(to)g(pro)m(vide)g(a)f(full)g(description.) |
| | 41020 | 39 b(Instead)0 3525 y(a)c(simpli\014ed)e(description)i(is)g(used,)i |
| | 41021 | (whic)m(h)f(should)g(b)s(e)f(enough)h(to)f(giv)m(e)g(the)h(general)f |
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| | 41023 | (but)g(ma)m(yb)s(e)g(not)g(su\016cien)m(t)h(for)f(detailed)f(studies)h |
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| | 41025 | b(default,)i(hadrons)f(are)f(therefore)g(giv)m(en)g(a)g(mass)g |
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| | 41027 | b(Breit{Wigner)1125 4082 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(m)p Fw(\))17 |
| | 41028 | b(d)p Fj(m)29 b Fn(/)2021 4015 y Fw(1)p 1663 4059 766 |
| | 41029 | 4 v 1663 4151 a(\()p Fj(m)22 b Fn(\000)h Fj(m)1993 4166 |
| | 41030 | y Fl(0)2033 4151 y Fw(\))2071 4122 y Fl(2)2132 4151 y |
| | 41031 | Fw(+)f(\000)2291 4122 y Fl(2)2331 4151 y Fj(=)p Fw(4)2455 |
| | 41032 | 4082 y(d)p Fj(m)33 b(:)903 b Fw(\(201\))0 4326 y(Leptons)34 |
| | 41033 | b(and)f(resonances)i(not)f(tak)m(en)g(care)f(of)g(b)m(y)h(the)g(hard)f |
| | 41034 | (pro)s(cess)i(mac)m(hinery)e(are)g(distributed)0 4435 |
| | 41035 | y(according)f(to)g(a)g(relativistic)f(Breit{Wigner)1033 |
| | 41036 | 4667 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(m)1233 4626 y Fl(2)1273 4667 |
| | 41037 | y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(m)1467 4626 y Fl(2)1534 4667 y Fn(/)2041 |
| | 41038 | 4600 y Fw(1)p 1649 4644 832 4 v 1649 4735 a(\()p Fj(m)1772 |
| | 41039 | 4707 y Fl(2)1834 4735 y Fn(\000)23 b Fj(m)2019 4701 y |
| | 41040 | Fl(2)2019 4757 y(0)2059 4735 y Fw(\))2097 4707 y Fl(2)2158 |
| | 41041 | 4735 y Fw(+)f Fj(m)2341 4701 y Fl(2)2341 4757 y(0)2381 |
| | 41042 | 4735 y Fw(\000)2442 4707 y Fl(2)2508 4667 y Fw(d)p Fj(m)2647 |
| | 41043 | 4626 y Fl(2)2719 4667 y Fj(:)811 b Fw(\(202\))0 4911 |
| | 41044 | y(Here)32 b Fj(m)314 4926 y Fl(0)385 4911 y Fw(and)f(\000)g(are)g(the)g |
| | 41045 | (nominal)e(mass)i(and)g(width)g(of)g(the)g(particle.)42 |
| | 41046 | b(The)32 b(Breit{Wigner)e(shap)s(e)0 5019 y(is)37 b(truncated)g |
| | 41047 | (symmetrically)-8 b(,)36 b Fn(j)p Fj(m)25 b Fn(\000)h |
| | 41048 | Fj(m)1531 5034 y Fl(0)1571 5019 y Fn(j)35 b Fj(<)g(\016)t |
| | 41049 | Fw(,)j(with)f Fj(\016)k Fw(arbitrarily)34 b(c)m(hosen)39 |
| | 41050 | b(for)e(eac)m(h)h(particle)d(so)0 5128 y(that)27 b(no)g(problems)f(are) |
| | 41051 | i(encoun)m(tered)h(in)d(the)i(deca)m(y)g(c)m(hains.)42 |
| | 41052 | b(It)27 b(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)f(switc)m(h)i(o\013)f(the)h(mass)0 |
| | 41053 | 5236 y(broadening,)j(or)g(to)g(use)h(either)f(a)g(non-relativistic)d |
| | 41054 | (or)j(a)g(relativistic)e(Breit{Wigners)h(ev)m(erywhere.)146 |
| | 41055 | 5344 y(The)35 b(f)378 5359 y Fl(0)450 5344 y Fw(problem)e(has)h(b)s |
| | 41056 | (een)g(`solv)m(ed')g(b)m(y)h(shifting)d(the)i(f)2272 |
| | 41057 | 5359 y Fl(0)2344 5344 y Fw(mass)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(sligh)m(tly)e(ab)s(o)m |
| | 41058 | (v)m(e)i(the)g(KK)0 5453 y(threshold)j(and)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(v)-5 |
| | 41059 | b(anishing)35 b(width.)56 b(Then)38 b(kinematics)d(in)h(deca)m(ys)j(f) |
| | 41060 | 2828 5468 y Fl(0)2902 5453 y Fn(!)34 b Fw(KK)i(is)g(reasonably)0 |
| | 41061 | 5561 y(w)m(ell)e(mo)s(delled.)47 b(The)36 b(f)891 5576 |
| | 41062 | y Fl(0)965 5561 y Fw(mass)e(is)g(to)s(o)g(large)f(in)h(the)h(f)2035 |
| | 41063 | 5576 y Fl(0)2106 5561 y Fn(!)30 b Fj(\031)t(\031)39 b |
| | 41064 | Fw(c)m(hannel,)c(but)g(this)f(do)s(es)h(not)g(really)0 |
| | 41065 | 5669 y(matter,)d(since)h(one)g(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)h(is)e(far)g(ab)s(o)m(v) |
| | 41066 | m(e)i(threshold)e(here.)1817 5953 y(247)p eop |
| | 41067 | %%Page: 248 254 |
| | 41068 | 248 253 bop 0 -18 a Fo(13.2.3)113 b(Lifetimes)0 154 y |
| | 41069 | Fw(Clearly)25 b(the)h(lifetime)c(and)k(the)g(width)f(of)g(a)g(particle) |
| | 41070 | f(are)i(in)m(v)m(ersely)g(related.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)25 |
| | 41071 | b(practical)f(applica-)0 263 y(tions,)k(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)k(an)m(y)c |
| | 41072 | (particle)f(with)g(a)h(non-negligible)c(width)k(deca)m(ys)i(to)s(o)d |
| | 41073 | (close)g(to)h(its)f(pro)s(duction)0 371 y(v)m(ertex)k(for)d(the)h |
| | 41074 | (lifetime)d(to)j(b)s(e)g(of)f(an)m(y)i(in)m(terest.)42 |
| | 41075 | b(In)30 b(the)f(program,)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(asp)s(ects)g(are)f |
| | 41076 | (therefore)0 479 y(considered)41 b(separately)-8 b(.)65 |
| | 41077 | b(P)m(articles)40 b(with)f(a)h(non-v)-5 b(anishing)38 |
| | 41078 | b(nominal)f(prop)s(er)j(lifetime)d Fj(\034)3453 494 y |
| | 41079 | Fl(0)3533 479 y Fw(=)j Fn(h)p Fj(\034)11 b Fn(i)0 588 |
| | 41080 | y Fw(are)33 b(assigned)f(an)h(actual)f(lifetime)d(according)j(to)1323 |
| | 41081 | 796 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(\034)j Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(\034)39 |
| | 41082 | b Fn(/)29 b Fw(exp)q(\()p Fn(\000)p Fj(\034)11 b(=\034)2195 |
| | 41083 | 811 y Fl(0)2235 796 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(\034)44 b(;)1100 |
| | 41084 | b Fw(\(203\))0 1004 y(i.e.)42 b(a)30 b(simple)e(exp)s(onen)m(tial)h |
| | 41085 | (deca)m(y)i(is)f(assumed.)43 b(Since)30 b(the)g(program)f(uses)i |
| | 41086 | (dimensions)e(where)i(the)0 1112 y(sp)s(eed)g(of)e(ligh)m(t)e |
| | 41087 | Fj(c)h Fn(\021)g Fw(1,)i(and)g(space)g(dimensions)f(are)g(in)g(mm,)f |
| | 41088 | (then)i(actually)e(the)i(unit)f(of)g Fj(c\034)3453 1127 |
| | 41089 | y Fl(0)3522 1112 y Fw(is)g(mm)0 1220 y(and)k(of)f Fj(\034)343 |
| | 41090 | 1235 y Fl(0)415 1220 y Fw(itself)f(mm)p Fj(=c)26 b Fn(\031)j |
| | 41091 | Fw(3)p Fj(:)p Fw(33)21 b Fn(\002)i Fw(10)1431 1184 y |
| | 41092 | Fk(\000)p Fl(12)1592 1220 y Fw(s.)146 1329 y(If)39 b(a)f(particle)g(is) |
| | 41093 | g(pro)s(duced)i(at)e(a)g(v)m(ertex)j Fj(v)h Fw(=)c(\()p |
| | 41094 | Fo(x)p Fj(;)17 b(t)p Fw(\))38 b(with)h(a)f(momen)m(tum)f |
| | 41095 | Fj(p)h Fw(=)g(\()p Fo(p)p Fj(;)17 b(E)6 b Fw(\))39 b(and)g(a)0 |
| | 41096 | 1437 y(lifetime)30 b Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)33 b(the)g(deca)m(y)h(v)m(ertex) |
| | 41097 | g(p)s(osition)d(is)h(assumed)h(to)f(b)s(e)1584 1674 y |
| | 41098 | Fj(v)1635 1633 y Fk(0)1686 1674 y Fw(=)27 b Fj(v)f Fw(+)c |
| | 41099 | Fj(\034)2059 1607 y(p)p 2040 1651 86 4 v 2040 1743 a(m)2168 |
| | 41100 | 1674 y(;)1362 b Fw(\(204\))0 1925 y(where)46 b Fj(m)e |
| | 41101 | Fw(is)g(the)h(mass)f(of)g(the)h(particle.)78 b(With)43 |
| | 41102 | b(the)i(primary)e(in)m(teraction)h(\(normally\))d(in)j(the)0 |
| | 41103 | 2034 y(origin,)49 b(it)d(is)h(therefore)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)g(construct) |
| | 41104 | i(all)c(secondary)k(v)m(ertices)g(in)d(parallel)f(with)i(the)0 |
| | 41105 | 2142 y(ordinary)32 b(deca)m(y)i(treatmen)m(t.)146 2250 |
| | 41106 | y(The)c(form)m(ula)c(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)k(do)s(es)e(not)h(tak)m(e)g(in)m |
| | 41107 | (to)f(accoun)m(t)h(an)m(y)g(detector)g(e\013ects,)i(suc)m(h)f(as)f(a)f |
| | 41108 | (magnetic)0 2359 y(\014eld.)57 b(It)37 b(is)f(therefore)i(p)s(ossible)e |
| | 41109 | (to)h(stop)g(the)h(deca)m(y)g(c)m(hains)g(at)e(some)h(suitable)f(p)s |
| | 41110 | (oin)m(t,)i(and)f(lea)m(v)m(e)0 2467 y(an)m(y)45 b(subsequen)m(t)i |
| | 41111 | (deca)m(y)f(treatmen)m(t)e(to)g(the)h(detector)g(sim)m(ulation)c |
| | 41112 | (program.)77 b(One)45 b(ma)m(y)f(select)0 2576 y(that)38 |
| | 41113 | b(particles)f(are)i(only)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(to)g(deca)m(y)h(if)e(they)i |
| | 41114 | (ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)e(nominal)e(lifetime)f Fj(\034)3170 2591 |
| | 41115 | y Fl(0)3248 2576 y Fw(shorter)j(than)0 2684 y(some)e(giv)m(en)h(v)-5 |
| | 41116 | b(alue)36 b(or,)h(alternativ)m(ely)-8 b(,)37 b(if)e(their)h(deca)m(y)i |
| | 41117 | (v)m(ertices)g Fo(x)2526 2648 y Fk(0)2586 2684 y Fw(are)e(inside)g |
| | 41118 | (some)h(spherical)f(or)0 2792 y(cylindrical)30 b(v)m(olume)i(around)h |
| | 41119 | (the)g(origin.)0 3066 y Fp(13.3)136 b(Deca)l(ys)0 3239 |
| | 41120 | y Fw(Sev)m(eral)44 b(di\013eren)m(t)f(kinds)h(of)f(deca)m(y)h(treatmen) |
| | 41121 | m(t)g(are)f(used)h(in)f(the)h(program,)g(dep)s(ending)g(on)f(the)0 |
| | 41122 | 3347 y(nature)36 b(of)f(the)h(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)55 b(Not)35 |
| | 41123 | b(discussed)j(here)e(are)g(the)g(deca)m(ys)i(of)d(resonances)j(whic)m |
| | 41124 | (h)e(are)g(handled)0 3455 y(as)d(part)f(of)g(the)h(hard)g(pro)s(cess.)0 |
| | 41125 | 3703 y Fo(13.3.1)113 b(Strong)37 b(and)h(electromagnetic)d(deca)m(ys)0 |
| | 41126 | 3876 y Fw(The)47 b(deca)m(ys)h(of)e(hadrons)g(con)m(taining)f(the)h |
| | 41127 | (`ordinary')g(u,)k(d)c(and)g(s)h(quarks)g(in)m(to)e(t)m(w)m(o)i(or)f |
| | 41128 | (three)0 3984 y(particles)25 b(are)i(kno)m(wn,)i(and)d(branc)m(hing)g |
| | 41129 | (ratios)f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)f(found)g(in)g([PDG92)o(].)41 |
| | 41130 | b(W)-8 b(e)27 b(normally)d(assume)0 4093 y(that)34 b(the)h(momen)m(tum) |
| | 41131 | d(distributions)h(are)h(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)i(phase)f(space.)49 |
| | 41132 | b(There)35 b(are)g(a)e(few)i(exceptions,)0 4201 y(where)f(the)f(phase)g |
| | 41133 | (space)h(is)e(w)m(eigh)m(ted)i(b)m(y)f(a)f(matrix-elemen)m(t)f |
| | 41134 | (expression,)j(as)e(follo)m(ws.)146 4309 y(In)h Fj(!)j |
| | 41135 | Fw(and)d Fj(\036)f Fw(deca)m(ys)i(to)f Fj(\031)1133 4273 |
| | 41136 | y Fl(+)1192 4309 y Fj(\031)1251 4273 y Fk(\000)1310 4309 |
| | 41137 | y Fj(\031)1369 4273 y Fl(0)1408 4309 y Fw(,)g(a)f(matrix)f(elemen)m(t)h |
| | 41138 | (of)g(the)h(form)1447 4517 y Fn(jMj)1623 4476 y Fl(2)1689 |
| | 41139 | 4517 y Fn(/)28 b(j)p Fo(p)1884 4534 y Fh(\031)1927 4515 |
| | 41140 | y Ff(+)2004 4517 y Fn(\002)23 b Fo(p)2166 4534 y Fh(\031)2209 |
| | 41141 | 4515 y Fd(\000)2265 4517 y Fn(j)2293 4476 y Fl(2)3557 |
| | 41142 | 4517 y Fw(\(205\))0 4725 y(is)32 b(used,)i(with)e(the)i |
| | 41143 | Fo(p)801 4740 y Fh(\031)880 4725 y Fw(the)g(pion)d(momen)m(ta)h(in)g |
| | 41144 | (the)h(rest)g(frame)f(of)g(the)h(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)45 b(\(Actually)-8 |
| | 41145 | b(,)32 b(what)h(is)0 4834 y(co)s(ded)g(is)f(the)h(somewhat)g(more)f |
| | 41146 | (length)m(y)h(Loren)m(tz)g(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31 b(form)g(of)i(the)g |
| | 41147 | (expression)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.\))146 4942 y(Consider)23 |
| | 41148 | b(the)f(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hain)e Fj(P)1271 4957 y Fl(0)1338 |
| | 41149 | 4942 y Fn(!)27 b Fj(P)1528 4957 y Fl(1)1568 4942 y Fw(+)q |
| | 41150 | Fj(V)49 b Fn(!)27 b Fj(P)1941 4957 y Fl(1)1982 4942 y |
| | 41151 | Fw(+)q Fj(P)2122 4957 y Fl(2)2161 4942 y Fw(+)q Fj(P)2301 |
| | 41152 | 4957 y Fl(3)2340 4942 y Fw(,)e(with)c Fj(P)36 b Fw(represen)m(ting)23 |
| | 41153 | b(pseudoscalar)0 5050 y(mesons)29 b(and)f Fj(V)49 b Fw(a)28 |
| | 41154 | b(v)m(ector)h(one.)43 b(Here)28 b(the)h(deca)m(y)g(angular)e |
| | 41155 | (distribution)f(of)i(the)g Fj(V)50 b Fw(in)27 b(its)h(rest)g(frame)0 |
| | 41156 | 5159 y(is)1533 5267 y Fn(jMj)1709 5226 y Fl(2)1775 5267 |
| | 41157 | y Fn(/)g Fw(cos)2011 5226 y Fl(2)2067 5267 y Fj(\022)2112 |
| | 41158 | 5282 y Fl(02)2220 5267 y Fj(;)1310 b Fw(\(206\))0 5429 |
| | 41159 | y(where)34 b Fj(\022)327 5444 y Fl(02)435 5429 y Fw(is)e(the)i(angle)e |
| | 41160 | (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j Fj(P)1397 5444 y Fl(0)1469 5429 y |
| | 41161 | Fw(and)e Fj(P)1722 5444 y Fl(2)1761 5429 y Fw(.)44 b(The)34 |
| | 41162 | b(classical)d(example)i(is)f(D)c Fn(!)f Fw(K)3195 5393 |
| | 41163 | y Fk(\003)3235 5429 y Fj(\031)32 b Fn(!)c Fw(K)p Fj(\031)t(\031)t |
| | 41164 | Fw(.)44 b(If)0 5538 y(the)33 b Fj(P)231 5553 y Fl(1)303 |
| | 41165 | 5538 y Fw(is)f(replaced)h(b)m(y)g(a)f Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)33 |
| | 41166 | b(the)g(angular)e(distribution)g(in)h(the)h Fj(V)54 b |
| | 41167 | Fw(deca)m(y)34 b(is)e(instead)h Fn(/)28 b Fw(sin)3493 |
| | 41168 | 5498 y Fl(2)3549 5538 y Fj(\022)3594 5553 y Fl(02)3670 |
| | 41169 | 5538 y Fw(.)1817 5953 y(248)p eop |
| | 41170 | %%Page: 249 255 |
| | 41171 | 249 254 bop 146 -18 a Fw(In)30 b(Dalitz)e(deca)m(ys,)k |
| | 41172 | Fj(\031)947 -55 y Fl(0)1016 -18 y Fw(or)d Fj(\021)i Fn(!)c |
| | 41173 | Fw(e)1381 -55 y Fl(+)1441 -18 y Fw(e)1484 -55 y Fk(\000)1543 |
| | 41174 | -18 y Fj(\015)5 b Fw(,)30 b(the)h(mass)e Fj(m)2143 -55 |
| | 41175 | y Fk(\003)2212 -18 y Fw(of)g(the)h(e)2528 -55 y Fl(+)2588 |
| | 41176 | -18 y Fw(e)2631 -55 y Fk(\000)2720 -18 y Fw(pair)e(is)h(selected)i |
| | 41177 | (according)0 90 y(to)147 370 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(m)347 |
| | 41178 | 329 y Fk(\003)p Fl(2)423 370 y Fw(\))17 b(d)p Fj(m)617 |
| | 41179 | 329 y Fk(\003)p Fl(2)719 370 y Fn(/)834 302 y Fw(d)p |
| | 41180 | Fj(m)973 266 y Fk(\003)p Fl(2)p 834 346 215 4 v 861 438 |
| | 41181 | a Fj(m)946 409 y Fk(\003)p Fl(2)1092 224 y Fg( )1157 |
| | 41182 | 370 y Fw(1)22 b(+)1336 302 y(2)p Fj(m)1470 266 y Fl(2)1470 |
| | 41183 | 327 y(e)p 1336 346 174 4 v 1343 438 a Fj(m)1428 409 y |
| | 41184 | Fk(\003)p Fl(2)1520 224 y Fg(!)1619 204 y(s)p 1702 204 |
| | 41185 | 365 4 v 166 x Fw(1)g Fn(\000)1882 302 y Fw(4)p Fj(m)2016 |
| | 41186 | 273 y Fl(2)2016 327 y(e)p 1882 346 174 4 v 1889 438 a |
| | 41187 | Fj(m)1974 409 y Fk(\003)p Fl(2)2099 224 y Fg( )2165 370 |
| | 41188 | y Fw(1)f Fn(\000)2360 302 y Fj(m)2445 266 y Fk(\003)p |
| | 41189 | Fl(2)p 2345 346 190 4 v 2345 438 a Fj(m)2430 409 y Fl(2)2430 |
| | 41190 | 463 y Fh(\031)r(;\021)2545 224 y Fg(!)2611 246 y Fl(3)3104 |
| | 41191 | 302 y Fw(1)p 2693 346 870 4 v 2693 438 a(\()p Fj(m)2816 |
| | 41192 | 409 y Fl(2)2816 463 y Fh(\032)2879 438 y Fn(\000)h Fj(m)3063 |
| | 41193 | 409 y Fk(\003)p Fl(2)3138 438 y Fw(\))3176 409 y Fl(2)3238 |
| | 41194 | 438 y Fw(+)g Fj(m)3421 409 y Fl(2)3421 463 y Fh(\032)3462 |
| | 41195 | 438 y Fw(\000)3523 409 y Fl(2)3523 463 y Fh(\032)3605 |
| | 41196 | 370 y Fj(:)3557 559 y Fw(\(207\))0 667 y(The)32 b(last)e(factor,)h(the) |
| | 41197 | g(VMD-inspired)f Fj(\032)1540 631 y Fl(0)1611 667 y Fw(propagator,)g |
| | 41198 | (is)h(negligible)d(for)i Fj(\031)2870 631 y Fl(0)2940 |
| | 41199 | 667 y Fw(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)45 b(Once)31 b(the)h Fj(m)3740 |
| | 41200 | 631 y Fk(\003)0 775 y Fw(has)h(b)s(een)g(selected,)h(the)f(angular)e |
| | 41201 | (distribution)g(of)h(the)h(e)2169 739 y Fl(+)2228 775 |
| | 41202 | y Fw(e)2271 739 y Fk(\000)2363 775 y Fw(pair)f(is)g(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)0 |
| | 41203 | 1002 y Fn(jMj)176 961 y Fl(2)242 1002 y Fn(/)28 b Fw(\()p |
| | 41204 | Fj(m)470 961 y Fk(\003)p Fl(2)551 1002 y Fn(\000)6 b |
| | 41205 | Fw(2)p Fj(m)768 961 y Fl(2)768 1027 y(e)808 1002 y Fw(\))863 |
| | 41206 | 906 y Fg(n)918 1002 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)1005 1017 y Fh(\015)1049 |
| | 41207 | 1002 y Fj(p)1098 1019 y Fl(e)1129 1000 y Ff(+)1185 1002 |
| | 41208 | y Fw(\))1223 961 y Fl(2)1284 1002 y Fw(+)22 b(\()p Fj(p)1469 |
| | 41209 | 1017 y Fh(\015)1513 1002 y Fj(p)1562 1019 y Fl(e)1593 |
| | 41210 | 1000 y Fd(\000)1650 1002 y Fw(\))1688 961 y Fl(2)1727 |
| | 41211 | 906 y Fg(o)1789 1002 y Fw(+)6 b(4)p Fj(m)2005 961 y Fl(2)2005 |
| | 41212 | 1027 y(e)2061 906 y Fg(n)2116 1002 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)2203 |
| | 41213 | 1017 y Fh(\015)2247 1002 y Fj(p)2296 1019 y Fl(e)2327 |
| | 41214 | 1000 y Ff(+)2383 1002 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(p)2508 1017 y Fh(\015)2552 |
| | 41215 | 1002 y Fj(p)2601 1019 y Fl(e)2632 1000 y Fd(\000)2688 |
| | 41216 | 1002 y Fw(\))23 b(+)f(\()p Fj(p)2934 1017 y Fh(\015)2978 |
| | 41217 | 1002 y Fj(p)3027 1019 y Fl(e)3058 1000 y Ff(+)3113 1002 |
| | 41218 | y Fw(\))3151 961 y Fl(2)3213 1002 y Fw(+)g(\()p Fj(p)3398 |
| | 41219 | 1017 y Fh(\015)3442 1002 y Fj(p)3491 1019 y Fl(e)3522 |
| | 41220 | 1000 y Fd(\000)3579 1002 y Fw(\))3617 961 y Fl(2)3656 |
| | 41221 | 906 y Fg(o)3752 1002 y Fj(:)3557 1135 y Fw(\(208\))146 |
| | 41222 | 1243 y(Also)37 b(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(simple)f(deca)m(ys)k(in)m |
| | 41223 | (v)m(olving)c(resonances)k(of)d(hea)m(vier)h(hadrons,)i(e.g.)59 |
| | 41224 | b(\006)3604 1207 y Fl(0)3604 1268 y(c)3680 1243 y Fn(!)0 |
| | 41225 | 1352 y Fw(\003)68 1316 y Fl(+)68 1376 y(c)127 1352 y |
| | 41226 | Fj(\031)186 1316 y Fk(\000)277 1352 y Fw(or)32 b(B)465 |
| | 41227 | 1316 y Fk(\003\000)588 1352 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(B)784 1316 |
| | 41228 | y Fk(\000)843 1352 y Fj(\015)37 b Fw(are)c(treated)g(in)f(the)h(same)f |
| | 41229 | (w)m(a)m(y)i(as)f(the)g(other)g(t)m(w)m(o-particle)e(deca)m(ys.)0 |
| | 41230 | 1599 y Fo(13.3.2)113 b(W)-9 b(eak)37 b(deca)m(ys)h(of)g(c)m(harm)f |
| | 41231 | (hadrons)0 1772 y Fw(The)d(c)m(harm)g(hadrons)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(a)g(mass)f |
| | 41232 | (in)g(an)g(in)m(termediate)f(range,)i(where)h(the)f(e\013ects)g(of)f |
| | 41233 | (the)h(na)-11 b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)0 1880 y Fj(V)47 |
| | 41234 | b Fn(\000)27 b Fj(A)38 b Fw(w)m(eak)h(deca)m(y)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(t)g |
| | 41235 | (is)h(partly)f(but)h(not)g(fully)f(re\015ected)i(in)f(the)g(kinematics) |
| | 41236 | f(of)0 1989 y(\014nal-state)45 b(particles.)80 b(Therefore)47 |
| | 41237 | b(di\013eren)m(t)e(deca)m(y)i(strategies)e(ar)g(com)m(bined.)82 |
| | 41238 | b(W)-8 b(e)46 b(start)f(with)0 2097 y(hadronic)32 b(deca)m(ys,)j(and)d |
| | 41239 | (subseqen)m(tly)j(consider)e(semileptonic)e(ones.)146 |
| | 41240 | 2205 y(F)-8 b(or)29 b(the)g(four)g(`main')e(c)m(harm)i(hadrons,)h(D) |
| | 41241 | 1736 2169 y Fl(+)1795 2205 y Fw(,)g(D)1927 2169 y Fl(0)1966 |
| | 41242 | 2205 y Fw(,)g(D)2098 2169 y Fl(+)2098 2230 y(s)2185 2205 |
| | 41243 | y Fw(and)f(\003)2439 2169 y Fl(+)2439 2230 y(c)2498 2205 |
| | 41244 | y Fw(,)h(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(branc)m(hing)g(ratios)0 |
| | 41245 | 2314 y(are)47 b(already)g(kno)m(wn.)88 b(The)48 b(kno)m(wn)g(brac)m |
| | 41246 | (hing)f(ratios)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)g(com)m(bined)f(with)g |
| | 41247 | (reasonable)0 2422 y(guesses,)34 b(to)d(construct)i(more)e(or)g(less)h |
| | 41248 | (complete)f(tables)h(of)f(all)e(c)m(hannels.)44 b(F)-8 |
| | 41249 | b(or)31 b(hadronic)g(deca)m(ys)j(of)0 2531 y(D)75 2494 |
| | 41250 | y Fl(0)153 2531 y Fw(and)k(D)423 2494 y Fl(+)482 2531 |
| | 41251 | y Fw(,)i(where)g(rather)f(m)m(uc)m(h)g(is)g(kno)m(wn,)i(all)c(c)m |
| | 41252 | (hannels)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(an)f(explicitly)e(listed)h(particle)0 |
| | 41253 | 2639 y(con)m(ten)m(t.)54 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)39 b(only)c(for)g(the)h(t) |
| | 41254 | m(w)m(o-b)s(o)s(dy)g(deca)m(ys)i(is)d(resonance)i(pro)s(duction)e(prop) |
| | 41255 | s(erly)g(tak)m(en)0 2747 y(in)m(to)26 b(accoun)m(t.)42 |
| | 41256 | b(It)26 b(means)h(that)f(the)h(exp)s(erimen)m(tally)e(measured)i(branc) |
| | 41257 | m(hing)f(ratio)f(for)h(a)g(K)p Fj(\031)t(\031)k Fw(deca)m(y)0 |
| | 41258 | 2856 y(c)m(hannel,)38 b(sa)m(y)-8 b(,)39 b(is)d(represen)m(ted)j(b)m(y) |
| | 41259 | f(con)m(tributions)e(from)g(a)g(direct)h(K)p Fj(\031)t(\031)j |
| | 41260 | Fw(c)m(hannel)d(as)g(w)m(ell)f(as)h(from)0 2964 y(indirect)29 |
| | 41261 | b(ones,)j(suc)m(h)g(as)e(K)1009 2928 y Fk(\003)1048 2964 |
| | 41262 | y Fj(\031)35 b Fw(and)30 b(K)p Fj(\032)p Fw(.)43 b(F)-8 |
| | 41263 | b(or)29 b(a)h(c)m(hannel)h(lik)m(e)e(K)p Fj(\031)t(\031)t(\031)t |
| | 41264 | Fw(,)i(on)f(the)h(other)f(hand,)h(only)f(the)0 3072 y(K)76 |
| | 41265 | 3036 y Fk(\003)115 3072 y Fj(\032)i Fw(app)s(ears)g(separately)-8 |
| | 41266 | b(,)31 b(while)g(the)h(rest)g(is)e(lump)s(ed)h(in)m(to)f(one)i(en)m |
| | 41267 | (try)g(in)f(the)h(deca)m(y)g(tables.)43 b(This)0 3181 |
| | 41268 | y(is)26 b(more)f(or)h(less)g(in)g(agreemen)m(t)g(with)g(the)g |
| | 41269 | (philosoph)m(y)g(adopted)h(in)e(the)h(PDG)g(tables)g([PDG92)o(].)41 |
| | 41270 | b(F)-8 b(or)0 3289 y(D)75 3253 y Fl(+)75 3314 y(s)163 |
| | 41271 | 3289 y Fw(and)30 b(\003)418 3253 y Fl(+)418 3314 y(c)507 |
| | 41272 | 3289 y Fw(kno)m(wledge)h(is)e(rather)h(incomplete,)f(and)h(only)f(t)m |
| | 41273 | (w)m(o-b)s(o)s(dy)h(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannels)e(are)g(listed.)0 |
| | 41274 | 3397 y(Final)g(states)k(with)e(three)h(or)g(more)e(hadron)i(are)g(only) |
| | 41275 | f(listed)f(in)h(terms)h(of)f(a)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(con)m(ten)m(t.)146 |
| | 41276 | 3506 y(The)f(w)m(a)m(y)h(the)e(program)f(w)m(orks,)j(it)d(is)g(imp)s |
| | 41277 | (ortan)m(t)f(to)i(include)f(all)f(the)j(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(deca)m(y)j(c)m |
| | 41278 | (hannels)0 3614 y(up)47 b(to)f(a)h(giv)m(en)g(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)-8 |
| | 41279 | b(.)82 b(Channels)47 b(with)g(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)c(higher)j(than)h |
| | 41280 | (this)f(ma)m(y)h(then)g(b)s(e)0 3722 y(generated)29 b(according)e(to)g |
| | 41281 | (a)h(simple)e(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(com)m(bination)e(sc)m(heme.)43 |
| | 41282 | b(F)-8 b(or)27 b(instance,)i(in)e(a)h(D)3436 3686 y Fl(+)3436 |
| | 41283 | 3747 y(s)3522 3722 y Fw(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)0 3841 y(the)30 |
| | 41284 | b(normal)d(quark)j(con)m(ten)m(t)g(is)f(s)p 1241 3788 |
| | 41285 | 39 4 v(s)q(u)p 1334 3762 55 4 v(d,)h(where)h(one)p 1899 |
| | 41286 | 3788 39 4 v 29 w(s)f(is)f(the)g(sp)s(ectator)h(quark)g(and)f(the)h |
| | 41287 | (others)g(come)0 3949 y(from)f(the)h(w)m(eak)h(deca)m(y)g(of)e(the)i(c) |
| | 41288 | f(quark.)43 b(The)31 b(sp)s(ectator)f(quark)g(ma)m(y)g(also)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 41289 | (annihilated,)e(lik)m(e)h(in)0 4058 y(D)75 4022 y Fl(+)75 |
| | 41290 | 4082 y(s)164 4058 y Fn(!)h Fw(u)p 348 3979 55 4 v(d.)49 |
| | 41291 | b(The)35 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(con)m(ten)m(t)h(to)d(mak)m(e)i(up)f(one)h |
| | 41292 | (or)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(hadrons)f(is)g(therefore)h(presen)m(t)h(from)0 |
| | 41293 | 4166 y(the)j(onset.)63 b(If)39 b(one)g(decides)h(to)e(generate)i(more)e |
| | 41294 | (hadrons,)j(this)d(means)h(new)h(\015a)m(v)m(our-an)m(ti\015a)m(v)m |
| | 41295 | (our)0 4274 y(pairs)c(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)f(b)s(e)g(generated)g(and)g(com)m |
| | 41296 | (bined)f(with)h(the)g(existing)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours.)57 |
| | 41297 | b(This)37 b(is)g(done)g(using)0 4383 y(the)c(same)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)i |
| | 41298 | (approac)m(h)f(as)g(in)e(fragmen)m(tation.)146 4491 y(In)i(more)f |
| | 41299 | (detail,)f(the)i(follo)m(wing)d(sc)m(heme)k(is)e(used.)119 |
| | 41300 | 4604 y(1.)49 b(The)34 b(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)29 b(is)j(\014rst)i |
| | 41301 | (selected.)45 b(The)34 b(D)1946 4568 y Fl(+)1946 4629 |
| | 41302 | y(s)2038 4604 y Fw(and)f(\003)2296 4568 y Fl(+)2296 4629 |
| | 41303 | y(c)2387 4604 y Fw(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)d(is)i(selected)i(according)244 |
| | 41304 | 4712 y(to)23 b(a)g(distribution)f(describ)s(ed)i(further)g(b)s(elo)m |
| | 41305 | (w.)41 b(The)24 b(program)e(can)i(also)f(b)s(e)h(ask)m(ed)h(to)e |
| | 41306 | (generate)244 4821 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)35 b(of)d(a)g(predetermined)h(m)m |
| | 41307 | (ultiplicit)m(y)-8 b(.)119 4939 y(2.)49 b(One)43 b(of)f(the)h(non-sp)s |
| | 41308 | (ectator)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g(is)g(selected)g(at)f(random.)73 |
| | 41309 | b(This)43 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)244 |
| | 41310 | 5047 y(to)c(`fragmen)m(t')g(in)m(to)f(a)h(hadron)h(plus)f(a)g(new)h |
| | 41311 | (remaining)d(\015a)m(v)m(our,)41 b(using)d(exactly)h(the)g(same)244 |
| | 41312 | 5155 y(\015a)m(v)m(our)33 b(generation)f(algorithm)e(as)i(in)g(the)h |
| | 41313 | (standard)g(jet)g(fragmen)m(tation,)e(section)h(12.1.)119 |
| | 41314 | 5273 y(3.)49 b(Step)23 b(2)g(is)f(iterated)g(un)m(til)g(only)g(one)h |
| | 41315 | (or)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(hadrons)g(remain)f(to)g(b)s(e)h(generated,)j(dep)s |
| | 41316 | (ending)d(on)244 5381 y(whether)35 b(the)f(original)c(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)k |
| | 41317 | (of)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i(is)f(t)m(w)m(o)g(or)f(four.)46 |
| | 41318 | b(In)34 b(eac)m(h)h(step)f(one)g(`unpaired')244 5490 |
| | 41319 | y(\015a)m(v)m(our)45 b(is)f(replaced)h(b)m(y)g(another)f(one)h(as)g(a)f |
| | 41320 | (hadron)g(is)g(`p)s(eeled)h(o\013)7 b(',)47 b(so)d(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 41321 | (er)g(of)244 5598 y(unpaired)32 b(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i(is)e(preserv)m |
| | 41322 | (ed.)1817 5953 y(249)p eop |
| | 41323 | %%Page: 250 256 |
| | 41324 | 250 255 bop 119 -18 a Fw(4.)49 b(If)36 b(there)g(are)g(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 41325 | (\015a)m(v)m(ours,)h(these)f(are)f(com)m(bined)g(to)f(form)g(the)h |
| | 41326 | (last)f(hadron.)54 b(If)36 b(there)g(are)244 90 y(four,)49 |
| | 41327 | b(then)d(one)g(of)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(p)s(ossible)f(pairings)g(in)m(to) |
| | 41328 | g(t)m(w)m(o)h(\014nal)f(hadrons)i(is)e(selected)i(at)244 |
| | 41329 | 198 y(random.)j(T)-8 b(o)35 b(\014nd)g(the)h(hadron)f(sp)s(ecies,)i |
| | 41330 | (the)e(same)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(rules)f(are)g(used)h(as)f(when)h |
| | 41331 | (\014nal)244 307 y(\015a)m(v)m(ours)e(are)e(com)m(bined)h(in)e(the)i |
| | 41332 | (joining)e(of)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(jets.)119 424 y(5.)49 b(If)30 |
| | 41333 | b(the)g(sum)f(of)h(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(duct)f(masses)g(is)g(larger)e(than) |
| | 41334 | i(the)g(mass)g(of)f(the)h(deca)m(ying)h(particle,)244 |
| | 41335 | 533 y(the)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(selection)f(is)g(rejected)h(and)g(the)f |
| | 41336 | (pro)s(cess)i(is)d(started)i(o)m(v)m(er)g(at)f(step)h(1.)45 |
| | 41337 | b(Normally)244 641 y(a)32 b(new)i(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)29 |
| | 41338 | b(is)j(pic)m(k)m(ed,)i(but)e(for)h(D)1878 605 y Fl(0)1949 |
| | 41339 | 641 y Fw(and)g(D)2214 605 y Fl(+)2305 641 y Fw(the)g(old)e(m)m |
| | 41340 | (ultiplicit)m(y)e(is)j(retained.)119 759 y(6.)49 b(Once)35 |
| | 41341 | b(an)f(acceptable)g(set)h(of)e(hadrons)i(has)g(b)s(een)f(found,)h |
| | 41342 | (these)g(are)f(distributed)g(according)244 867 y(to)e(phase)i(space.)0 |
| | 41343 | 980 y(The)41 b(picture)f(then)h(is)e(one)i(of)e(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g |
| | 41344 | (of)g(partons)g(mo)m(ving)f(apart,)i(fragmen)m(ting)e(almost)f(lik)m(e) |
| | 41345 | 0 1089 y(jets,)44 b(but)e(with)f(momen)m(ta)f(so)h(lo)m(w)g(that)g |
| | 41346 | (phase-space)i(considerations)e(are)g(enough)h(to)f(giv)m(e)g(the)0 |
| | 41347 | 1197 y(a)m(v)m(erage)i(b)s(eha)m(viour)f(of)g(the)g(momen)m(tum)f |
| | 41348 | (distribution.)70 b(Lik)m(e)42 b(in)g(jet)g(fragmen)m(tation,)h(endp)s |
| | 41349 | (oin)m(t)0 1305 y(\015a)m(v)m(ours)29 b(are)e(not)g(lik)m(ely)f(to)h |
| | 41350 | (recom)m(bine)h(with)e(eac)m(h)j(other.)42 b(Instead)28 |
| | 41351 | b(new)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(pairs)d(are)i(created)0 1414 |
| | 41352 | y(in)36 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(them.)56 b(One)37 b(should)f(also)g(note)h |
| | 41353 | (that,)g(while)f(v)m(ector)i(and)e(pseudoscalar)h(mesons)g(are)0 |
| | 41354 | 1522 y(pro)s(duced)j(at)f(their)g(ordinary)f(relativ)m(e)h(rates,)i(ev) |
| | 41355 | m(en)m(ts)h(with)d(man)m(y)g(v)m(ectors)i(are)e(lik)m(ely)f(to)h(fail)e |
| | 41356 | (in)0 1630 y(step)f(5.)53 b(E\013ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)37 |
| | 41357 | b(there)f(is)f(therefore)h(a)f(shift)g(to)m(w)m(ards)i(ligh)m(ter)d |
| | 41358 | (particles,)i(esp)s(ecially)e(at)i(large)0 1739 y(m)m(ultiplicities.) |
| | 41359 | 146 1847 y(When)31 b(a)e(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)d(is)k(to)f(b)s(e)h(pic)m |
| | 41360 | (k)m(ed,)i(this)d(is)g(done)h(according)f(to)h(a)f(Gaussian)g |
| | 41361 | (distribution,)0 1955 y(cen)m(tered)e(at)e Fj(c)7 b Fw(+)g |
| | 41362 | Fj(n)682 1970 y Fl(q)724 1955 y Fj(=)p Fw(4)25 b(and)h(with)f(a)g |
| | 41363 | (width)1588 1884 y Fn(p)p 1671 1884 42 4 v 71 x Fj(c)p |
| | 41364 | Fw(,)i(with)e(the)g(\014nal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(rounded)g(o\013)f(to)g |
| | 41365 | (the)g(nearest)0 2064 y(in)m(teger.)43 b(The)34 b(v)-5 |
| | 41366 | b(alue)32 b(for)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(quarks)i |
| | 41367 | Fj(n)1969 2079 y Fl(q)2043 2064 y Fw(is)e(2)g(or)h(4,)f(as)h(describ)s |
| | 41368 | (ed)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)h(and)1369 2333 y Fj(c)27 b Fw(=)h |
| | 41369 | Fj(c)1584 2348 y Fl(1)1657 2333 y Fw(ln)1754 2212 y Fg(\022)1825 |
| | 41370 | 2266 y Fj(m)23 b Fn(\000)2033 2199 y Fg(P)2137 2266 y |
| | 41371 | Fj(m)2222 2281 y Fl(q)p 1825 2310 439 4 v 2004 2402 a |
| | 41372 | Fj(c)2046 2417 y Fl(2)2274 2212 y Fg(\023)2384 2333 y |
| | 41373 | Fj(;)1146 b Fw(\(209\))0 2594 y(where)26 b Fj(m)e Fw(is)g(the)h(hadron) |
| | 41374 | f(mass)g(and)h Fj(c)1410 2609 y Fl(1)1473 2594 y Fw(and)g |
| | 41375 | Fj(c)1697 2609 y Fl(2)1761 2594 y Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)g(tuned)g(to) |
| | 41376 | f(giv)m(e)h(a)f(reasonable)g(description)0 2702 y(of)i(m)m |
| | 41377 | (ultiplicities.)37 b(There)27 b(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(some)g(lo)m(w)m(er) |
| | 41378 | g(limit)d(for)j(the)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y;)e(if)h(a)h(n) |
| | 41379 | m(um)m(b)s(er)0 2810 y(smaller)36 b(than)j(this)f(is)f(pic)m(k)m(ed)j |
| | 41380 | (the)f(c)m(hoice)f(is)g(rep)s(eated.)62 b(Since)38 b(t)m(w)m(o-b)s(o)s |
| | 41381 | (dy)h(deca)m(ys)h(are)e(explicitly)0 2919 y(en)m(umerated)33 |
| | 41382 | b(for)f(D)752 2883 y Fl(+)752 2943 y(s)843 2919 y Fw(and)h(\003)1101 |
| | 41383 | 2883 y Fl(+)1101 2943 y(c)1160 2919 y Fw(,)g(there)g(the)g(mimim)m(um) |
| | 41384 | 28 b(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)h(is)j(three.)146 3027 y(Semileptonic)e(branc)m |
| | 41385 | (hing)i(ratios)f(are)h(explicitly)f(giv)m(en)h(in)f(the)i(program)d |
| | 41386 | (for)i(all)e(the)i(four)g(par-)0 3135 y(ticles)k(discussed)j(here,)g |
| | 41387 | (i.e.)57 b(it)36 b(is)h(nev)m(er)h(necessary)i(to)d(generate)g(the)h |
| | 41388 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)g(con)m(ten)m(t)g(using)f(the)0 3244 |
| | 41389 | y(fragmen)m(tation)26 b(description.)41 b(This)28 b(do)s(es)h(not)e |
| | 41390 | (mean)h(that)f(all)f(branc)m(hing)i(ratios)f(are)h(kno)m(wn;)i(a)e |
| | 41391 | (fair)0 3352 y(amoun)m(t)38 b(of)f(guessw)m(ork)k(is)c(in)m(v)m(olv)m |
| | 41392 | (ed)i(for)f(the)h(c)m(hannels)g(with)e(higher)h(m)m(ultiplicities,)d |
| | 41393 | (based)40 b(on)e(a)0 3460 y(kno)m(wledge)27 b(of)f(the)g(inclusiv)m(e)g |
| | 41394 | (semileptonic)e(branc)m(hing)j(ratio)d(and)j(the)f(exclusiv)m(e)h |
| | 41395 | (branc)m(hing)g(ratios)0 3569 y(for)32 b(lo)m(w)g(m)m(ultiplicities.) |
| | 41396 | 146 3677 y(In)47 b(semileptonic)e(deca)m(ys)k(it)d(is)g(not)h |
| | 41397 | (appropriate)f(to)g(distribute)g(the)i(lepton)e(and)h(neutrino)0 |
| | 41398 | 3785 y(momen)m(ta)31 b(according)h(to)g(phase)h(space.)45 |
| | 41399 | b(Instead)33 b(the)g(simple)e Fj(V)43 b Fn(\000)22 b |
| | 41400 | Fj(A)33 b Fw(matrix)e(elemen)m(t)h(is)g(used,)h(in)0 |
| | 41401 | 3894 y(the)k(limit)c(that)j(deca)m(y)i(pro)s(duct)f(masses)g(ma)m(y)f |
| | 41402 | (b)s(e)h(neglected)g(and)g(that)f(quark)h(momen)m(ta)f(can)g(b)s(e)0 |
| | 41403 | 4002 y(replaced)d(b)m(y)g(hadron)g(momen)m(ta.)42 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally) |
| | 41404 | -8 b(,)31 b(in)h(the)h(deca)m(y)h Fj(H)h Fn(!)27 b Fj(`)2679 |
| | 41405 | 3966 y Fl(+)2738 4002 y Fj(\027)2786 4017 y Fh(`)2819 |
| | 41406 | 4002 y Fj(h)p Fw(,)33 b(where)h Fj(H)40 b Fw(is)32 b(a)g(c)m(harm)0 |
| | 41407 | 4110 y(hadron)h(and)f Fj(h)h Fw(and)g(ordinary)f(hadron,)g(the)h |
| | 41408 | (matrix)e(elemen)m(t)1449 4318 y Fn(jMj)1625 4277 y Fl(2)1691 |
| | 41409 | 4318 y Fw(=)d(\()p Fj(p)1882 4333 y Fh(H)1949 4318 y |
| | 41410 | Fj(p)1998 4333 y Fh(`)2031 4318 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(p)2156 |
| | 41411 | 4333 y Fh(\027)2199 4318 y Fj(p)2248 4333 y Fh(h)2293 |
| | 41412 | 4318 y Fw(\))1226 b(\(210\))0 4526 y(is)40 b(used)h(to)f(distribute)g |
| | 41413 | (the)h(pro)s(ducts.)67 b(It)41 b(is)e(not)i(clear)e(ho)m(w)i(to)f |
| | 41414 | (generalize)g(this)g(form)m(ula)e(when)0 4635 y(sev)m(eral)e(hadrons)g |
| | 41415 | (are)g(presen)m(t)h(in)e(the)h(\014nal)f(state.)52 b(In)36 |
| | 41416 | b(the)g(program,)f(the)h(same)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(t)0 |
| | 41417 | 4743 y(is)g(used)i(as)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(with)d Fj(p)1027 |
| | 41418 | 4758 y Fh(h)1107 4743 y Fw(replaced)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(total)f(four-momen) |
| | 41419 | m(tum)e(of)j(all)d(the)k(hadrons.)50 b(This)0 4851 y(tends)33 |
| | 41420 | b(to)f(fa)m(v)m(our)h(a)e(lo)m(w)h(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31 |
| | 41421 | b(mass)h(for)f(the)i(hadronic)f(system)h(compared)f(with)f(na)-11 |
| | 41422 | b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(e)33 b(phase)0 4960 y(space.)146 |
| | 41423 | 5068 y(There)c(are)e(a)g(few)h(c)m(harm)f(hadrons,)i(suc)m(h)f(as)g |
| | 41424 | (\004)1903 5083 y Fh(c)1965 5068 y Fw(and)f(\012)2219 |
| | 41425 | 5083 y Fh(c)2254 5068 y Fw(,)i(whic)m(h)f(deca)m(y)g(w)m(eakly)g(but)g |
| | 41426 | (are)f(so)h(rare)0 5176 y(that)k(little)f(is)h(kno)m(wn)i(ab)s(out)e |
| | 41427 | (them.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(these)i(a)f(simpli\014ed)d(generic)j(c)m |
| | 41428 | (harm)f(deca)m(y)i(treatmen)m(t)f(is)0 5285 y(used.)45 |
| | 41429 | b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(hadronic)g(deca)m(ys)j(only)e(the)h(quark)g(con)m(ten) |
| | 41430 | m(t)g(is)f(giv)m(en,)g(and)g(then)h(a)f(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)d(and)j(a)0 |
| | 41431 | 5393 y(\015a)m(v)m(our)38 b(comp)s(osition)d(is)i(pic)m(k)m(ed)h(at)f |
| | 41432 | (random,)h(as)f(already)g(describ)s(ed.)58 b(Semileptonic)35 |
| | 41433 | b(deca)m(ys)k(are)0 5501 y(assumed)26 b(to)f(pro)s(duce)h(only)f(one)h |
| | 41434 | (hadron,)h(so)f(that)f Fj(V)k Fn(\000)8 b Fj(A)26 b Fw(matrix)e(elemen) |
| | 41435 | m(t)h(can)h(b)s(e)f(simply)g(applied.)1817 5953 y(250)p |
| | 41436 | eop |
| | 41437 | %%Page: 251 257 |
| | 41438 | 251 256 bop 0 -18 a Fo(13.3.3)113 b(W)-9 b(eak)37 b(deca)m(ys)h(of)g |
| | 41439 | (the)f Fj(\034)49 b Fo(lepton)0 154 y Fw(F)-8 b(or)31 |
| | 41440 | b(the)i Fj(\034)43 b Fw(lepton,)32 b(an)g(explicit)e(list)h(of)g(deca)m |
| | 41441 | (y)i(c)m(hannels)g(has)g(b)s(een)f(put)h(together,)f(whic)m(h)h |
| | 41442 | (includes)0 263 y(c)m(hannels)41 b(with)f(up)h(to)f(\014v)m(e)i |
| | 41443 | (\014nal-state)e(particles,)i(some)e(of)g(whic)m(h)h(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 41444 | (unstable)g(and)f(sub-)0 371 y(sequen)m(tly)j(deca)m(y)f(to)e(pro)s |
| | 41445 | (duce)i(ev)m(en)g(larger)e(total)f(m)m(ultiplicities.)64 |
| | 41446 | b(Because)43 b(of)d(the)h(w)m(ell-kno)m(wn)0 479 y(`)p |
| | 41447 | Fj(\034)50 b Fw(puzzle',)40 b(i.e.)61 b(that)38 b(exp)s(erimen)m(tally) |
| | 41448 | f(the)i(sum)f(of)g(branc)m(hing)g(ratios)f(for)h(exclusiv)m(e)i |
| | 41449 | (one-prong)0 588 y(deca)m(ys)33 b(is)e(lo)m(w)m(er)g(than)g(the)h |
| | 41450 | (inclusiv)m(e)f(one-prong)g(branc)m(hing)g(ratio,)f(suc)m(h)i(a)f |
| | 41451 | (table)g(cannot)g(b)s(e)h(con-)0 696 y(structed)c(in)f(full)e(agreemen) |
| | 41452 | m(t)j(with)e(the)i(PDG)e(data.)42 b(\(The)28 b(problem)e(is)g(no)m(w)m |
| | 41453 | (ada)m(ys)k(less)d(sev)m(ere)i(than)0 804 y(it)j(used)h(to)g(b)s(e,)f |
| | 41454 | (but)h(still)d(not)j(fully)e(resolv)m(ed.\))146 913 y(The)k(leptonic)e |
| | 41455 | (deca)m(ys)j Fj(\034)1082 876 y Fk(\000)1172 913 y Fn(!)30 |
| | 41456 | b Fj(\027)1350 928 y Fh(\034)1393 913 y Fj(`)1434 876 |
| | 41457 | y Fk(\000)p 1493 860 55 4 v 1493 913 a Fj(\027)1548 928 |
| | 41458 | y Fh(`)1581 913 y Fw(,)k(where)h Fj(`)f Fw(is)g(e)g(or)g |
| | 41459 | Fj(\026)p Fw(,)g(are)g(distributed)g(according)f(to)h(the)0 |
| | 41460 | 1021 y(standard)f Fj(V)44 b Fn(\000)22 b Fj(A)33 b Fw(matrix)e(elemen)m |
| | 41461 | (t)1400 1212 y Fn(jMj)1576 1171 y Fl(2)1642 1212 y Fw(=)c(\()p |
| | 41462 | Fj(p)1832 1227 y Fh(\034)1876 1212 y Fj(p)p 1925 1188 |
| | 41463 | 40 4 v 15 x Fh(\027)1963 1239 y Fe(`)1998 1212 y Fw(\)\()p |
| | 41464 | Fj(p)2123 1227 y Fh(`)2155 1212 y Fj(p)2204 1227 y Fh(\027)2239 |
| | 41465 | 1235 y Fe(\034)2282 1212 y Fw(\))33 b Fj(:)1177 b Fw(\(211\))0 |
| | 41466 | 1403 y(\(The)25 b(corresp)s(onding)f(matrix)f(elemen)m(t)h(is)f(also)g |
| | 41467 | (used)j(in)d Fj(\026)h Fw(deca)m(ys,)k(but)c(normally)e(the)i |
| | 41468 | Fj(\026)g Fw(is)g(assumed)0 1511 y(stable.\))146 1620 |
| | 41469 | y(In)42 b Fj(\034)52 b Fw(deca)m(ys)44 b(to)c(hadrons,)k(the)e(hadrons) |
| | 41470 | g(and)f(the)h Fj(\027)2202 1635 y Fh(\034)2286 1620 y |
| | 41471 | Fw(are)f(distributed)g(according)g(to)g(phase)0 1728 |
| | 41472 | y(space)d(times)e(the)h(factor)f Fj(x)1040 1743 y Fh(\027)1101 |
| | 41473 | 1728 y Fw(\(3)24 b Fn(\000)i Fj(x)1370 1743 y Fh(\027)1413 |
| | 41474 | 1728 y Fw(\),)38 b(where)g Fj(x)1857 1743 y Fh(\027)1936 |
| | 41475 | 1728 y Fw(=)d(2)p Fj(E)2168 1743 y Fh(\027)2211 1728 |
| | 41476 | y Fj(=m)2345 1743 y Fh(\034)2425 1728 y Fw(in)h(the)h(rest)g(frame)f |
| | 41477 | (of)h(the)g Fj(\034)11 b Fw(.)57 b(The)0 1836 y(latter)31 |
| | 41478 | b(factor)g(is)g(the)h Fj(\027)855 1851 y Fh(\034)930 |
| | 41479 | 1836 y Fw(sp)s(ectrum)g(predicted)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(parton)f(lev)m(el)g |
| | 41480 | Fj(V)42 b Fn(\000)21 b Fj(A)32 b Fw(matrix)e(elemen)m(t,)h(and)0 |
| | 41481 | 1945 y(therefore)45 b(represen)m(ts)i(an)d(attempt)f(to)h(tak)m(e)h(in) |
| | 41482 | m(to)f(accoun)m(t)h(that)f(the)h Fj(\027)2811 1960 y |
| | 41483 | Fh(\034)2898 1945 y Fw(should)g(tak)m(e)g(a)f(larger)0 |
| | 41484 | 2053 y(momen)m(tum)31 b(fraction)h(than)g(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)g(phase)h |
| | 41485 | (space)g(alone.)146 2161 y(The)43 b(probably)f(largest)g(shortcoming)f |
| | 41486 | (of)g(the)i Fj(\034)53 b Fw(deca)m(y)44 b(treatmen)m(t)e(is)g(that)g |
| | 41487 | (no)g(p)s(olarization)0 2270 y(e\013ects)d(are)g(included,)g(i.e.)59 |
| | 41488 | b(the)39 b Fj(\034)49 b Fw(is)38 b(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(assumed)g(to)e(deca)m |
| | 41489 | (y)j(isotropically)-8 b(.)57 b(Usually)37 b(this)h(is)0 |
| | 41490 | 2378 y(not)f(correct,)j(since)e(a)f Fj(\034)49 b Fw(is)37 |
| | 41491 | b(pro)s(duced)h(p)s(olarized)e(in)h(Z)2095 2342 y Fl(0)2171 |
| | 41492 | 2378 y Fw(and)h(W)2467 2342 y Fk(\006)2564 2378 y Fw(deca)m(ys.)60 |
| | 41493 | b(The)38 b Fq(LUTAUD)h Fw(routine)0 2487 y(pro)m(vides)i(a)e(generic)h |
| | 41494 | (in)m(terface)g(to)g(an)f(external)h Fj(\034)52 b Fw(deca)m(y)41 |
| | 41495 | b(library)-8 b(,)40 b(where)h(suc)m(h)h(e\013ects)f(could)e(b)s(e)0 |
| | 41496 | 2595 y(handled)33 b(\(see)g(also)f Fq(MSTJ\(28\))p Fw(\).)0 |
| | 41497 | 2840 y Fo(13.3.4)113 b(W)-9 b(eak)37 b(deca)m(ys)h(of)g(b)s(ottom)e |
| | 41498 | (hadrons)0 3013 y Fw(Some)31 b(exclusiv)m(e)i(branc)m(hing)e(ratios)f |
| | 41499 | (no)m(w)i(start)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(kno)m(wn)g(for)f(B)h(deca)m(ys.)45 |
| | 41500 | b(In)32 b(this)f(v)m(ersion,)h(the)0 3121 y(B)69 3085 |
| | 41501 | y Fl(0)109 3121 y Fw(,)39 b(B)244 3085 y Fl(+)303 3121 |
| | 41502 | y Fw(,)g(B)438 3085 y Fl(0)438 3146 y(s)515 3121 y Fw(and)f(\003)778 |
| | 41503 | 3085 y Fl(0)778 3146 y(b)859 3121 y Fw(therefore)h(app)s(ear)e(in)g(a)h |
| | 41504 | (similar)c(v)m(ein)39 b(to)e(the)h(one)g(outlined)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 41505 | (for)e(D)3721 3085 y Fl(+)3721 3146 y(s)0 3229 y Fw(and)g(\003)262 |
| | 41506 | 3193 y Fl(+)262 3254 y(c)357 3229 y Fw(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)56 |
| | 41507 | b(That)37 b(is,)g(all)e(leptonic)g(c)m(hannels)j(and)e(all)f(hadronic)h |
| | 41508 | (t)m(w)m(o-b)s(o)s(dy)h(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannels)0 3338 |
| | 41509 | y(are)d(explicitly)e(listed,)i(while)f(hadronic)h(c)m(hannels)h(with)f |
| | 41510 | (three)g(or)g(more)f(particles)h(are)g(only)f(giv)m(en)0 |
| | 41511 | 3446 y(in)43 b(terms)g(of)g(a)g(quark)h(con)m(ten)m(t.)77 |
| | 41512 | b(The)45 b(B)1606 3461 y Fl(c)1685 3446 y Fw(is)e(exceptional,)i(in)e |
| | 41513 | (that)g(either)g(the)h(b)s(ottom)e(or)h(the)0 3555 y(c)m(harm)j(quark)g |
| | 41514 | (ma)m(y)g(deca)m(y)i(\014rst,)h(and)d(in)g(that)f(annihilation)e |
| | 41515 | (graphs)j(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(non-negligible.)0 3663 y(Leptonic)c(and)g |
| | 41516 | (semileptonic)e(c)m(hannels)j(are)f(here)h(giv)m(en)f(in)f(full,)i |
| | 41517 | (while)e(hadronic)h(c)m(hannels)g(are)0 3771 y(only)36 |
| | 41518 | b(listed)g(in)f(terms)i(of)f(a)g(quark)i(con)m(ten)m(t,)g(with)f(a)f |
| | 41519 | (relativ)m(e)g(comp)s(osition)e(as)j(giv)m(en)f(in)g([Lus91].)0 |
| | 41520 | 3880 y(No)25 b(separate)i(branc)m(hing)e(ratios)g(are)h(set)g(for)f(an) |
| | 41521 | m(y)h(of)f(the)h(other)g(w)m(eakly)h(deca)m(ying)f(b)s(ottom)e |
| | 41522 | (hadrons,)0 3988 y(but)37 b(instead)g(a)g(pure)h(`sp)s(ectator)f |
| | 41523 | (quark')h(mo)s(del)d(is)i(assumed,)i(where)f(the)f(deca)m(y)i(of)d(the) |
| | 41524 | i(b)f(quark)0 4096 y(is)31 b(the)i(same)e(in)h(all)d(hadrons)k(and)f |
| | 41525 | (the)g(only)g(di\013erence)g(in)f(\014nal)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(con)m |
| | 41526 | (ten)m(t)g(comes)f(from)f(the)0 4205 y(sp)s(ectator)41 |
| | 41527 | b(quark.)70 b(Compared)41 b(to)f(the)i(c)m(harm)f(deca)m(ys,)k(the)c(w) |
| | 41528 | m(eak)h(deca)m(y)h(matrix)c(elemen)m(ts)i(are)0 4313 |
| | 41529 | y(giv)m(en)33 b(somewhat)f(larger)g(imp)s(ortance)f(in)h(the)h |
| | 41530 | (hadronic)f(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannels.)146 4421 y(In)24 |
| | 41531 | b(semileptonic)e(deca)m(ys)j(b)j Fn(!)f Fw(c)p Fj(`)1402 |
| | 41532 | 4385 y Fk(\000)p 1462 4368 55 4 v 1462 4421 a Fj(\027)1516 |
| | 41533 | 4436 y Fh(`)1572 4421 y Fw(the)d(c)g(quark)g(is)f(com)m(bined)h(with)f |
| | 41534 | (the)h(sp)s(ectator)f(an)m(tiquark)0 4530 y(or)28 b(diquark)g(to)g |
| | 41535 | (form)g(one)g(single)g(hadron.)42 b(This)28 b(hadron)h(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 41536 | (either)g(a)g(pseudoscalar,)i(a)e(v)m(ector)0 4638 y(or)d(a)g(higher)g |
| | 41537 | (resonance)i(\(tensor)f(etc.\).)42 b(The)26 b(relativ)m(e)f(fraction)f |
| | 41538 | (of)h(the)h(higher)f(resonances)i(has)f(b)s(een)0 4746 |
| | 41539 | y(pic)m(k)m(ed)39 b(to)f(b)s(e)h(ab)s(out)e(30\045,)j(in)d(order)h(to)g |
| | 41540 | (giv)m(e)g(a)g(leptonic)f(sp)s(ectrum)i(in)e(reasonable)h(exp)s(erimen) |
| | 41541 | m(t)0 4855 y(with)e(data.)54 b(\(This)37 b(only)f(applies)f(to)h(the)h |
| | 41542 | (main)d(particles)i(B)2315 4818 y Fl(0)2354 4855 y Fw(,)i(B)2488 |
| | 41543 | 4818 y Fl(+)2547 4855 y Fw(,)f(B)2680 4818 y Fl(0)2680 |
| | 41544 | 4879 y(s)2756 4855 y Fw(and)f(\003)3017 4818 y Fl(0)3017 |
| | 41545 | 4879 y(b)3060 4855 y Fw(;)j(for)c(the)i(rest)g(the)0 |
| | 41546 | 4963 y(c)m(hoice)25 b(is)f(according)f(to)i(the)f(standard)h(comp)s |
| | 41547 | (osition)d(in)i(the)h(fragmen)m(tation.\))38 b(The)26 |
| | 41548 | b(o)m(v)m(erall)d(pro)s(cess)0 5071 y(is)32 b(therefore)i |
| | 41549 | Fj(H)i Fn(!)27 b Fj(h`)849 5035 y Fk(\000)p 908 5018 |
| | 41550 | V 908 5071 a Fj(\027)963 5086 y Fh(`)996 5071 y Fw(,)33 |
| | 41551 | b(where)h Fj(H)40 b Fw(is)33 b(a)f(b)s(ottom)g(an)m(timeson)g(or)g(a)h |
| | 41552 | (b)s(ottom)e(bary)m(on)j(\(remem)m(b)s(er)0 5189 y(that)p |
| | 41553 | 219 5111 70 4 v 40 w(B)41 b(is)f(the)h(one)g(that)f(con)m(tains)g(a)h |
| | 41554 | (b)f(quark\),)j(and)e(the)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(t)h(used)i(to)e |
| | 41555 | (distribute)0 5298 y(momen)m(ta)31 b(is)1419 5406 y Fn(jMj)1595 |
| | 41556 | 5365 y Fl(2)1661 5406 y Fw(=)d(\()p Fj(p)1852 5421 y |
| | 41557 | Fh(H)1919 5406 y Fj(p)1968 5421 y Fh(\027)2011 5406 y |
| | 41558 | Fw(\)\()p Fj(p)2136 5421 y Fh(`)2169 5406 y Fj(p)2218 |
| | 41559 | 5421 y Fh(h)2263 5406 y Fw(\))k Fj(:)1197 b Fw(\(212\))0 |
| | 41560 | 5561 y(Again)23 b(deca)m(y)j(pro)s(duct)e(masses)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s |
| | 41561 | (een)e(neglected)h(in)f(the)g(matrix)f(elemen)m(t,)j(but)e(in)f(the)i |
| | 41562 | (branc)m(h-)0 5669 y(ing)i(ratios)f(the)i Fj(\034)640 |
| | 41563 | 5633 y Fk(\000)p 700 5616 55 4 v 700 5669 a Fj(\027)754 |
| | 41564 | 5684 y Fh(\034)825 5669 y Fw(c)m(hannel)g(has)g(b)s(een)g(reduced)h(in) |
| | 41565 | e(rate,)i(compared)e(with)h(e)2960 5633 y Fk(\000)p 3019 |
| | 41566 | 5616 V 3019 5669 a Fj(\027)3073 5684 y Fl(e)3137 5669 |
| | 41567 | y Fw(and)f Fj(\026)3380 5633 y Fk(\000)p 3439 5616 V |
| | 41568 | 3439 5669 a Fj(\027)3493 5684 y Fh(\026)3568 5669 y Fw(ones,)1817 |
| | 41569 | 5953 y(251)p eop |
| | 41570 | %%Page: 252 258 |
| | 41571 | 252 257 bop 0 -18 a Fw(according)34 b(to)h(the)g(exp)s(ected)i(mass)e |
| | 41572 | (e\013ects.)52 b(No)34 b(CKM-suppressed)k(deca)m(ys)f(b)32 |
| | 41573 | b Fn(!)f Fw(u)p Fj(`)3265 -55 y Fk(\000)p 3324 -71 55 |
| | 41574 | 4 v 3324 -18 a Fj(\027)3379 -3 y Fh(`)3447 -18 y Fw(are)k(cur-)0 |
| | 41575 | 90 y(ren)m(tly)e(included.)146 198 y(In)43 b(most)e(m)m(ultib)s(o)s(dy) |
| | 41576 | f(hadronic)i(deca)m(ys,)k(e.g.)73 b(b)44 b Fn(!)f Fw(cd)p |
| | 41577 | 2323 145 V(u)q(,)i(the)d(c)h(quark)f(is)g(again)f(com)m(bined)0 |
| | 41578 | 307 y(with)34 b(the)g(sp)s(ectator)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(to)f(form)f(one) |
| | 41579 | h(single)f(hadron,)i(and)f(thereafter)h(the)g(hadron)f(and)g(the)0 |
| | 41580 | 415 y(t)m(w)m(o)d(quark)g(momen)m(ta)e(are)i(distributed)e(according)h |
| | 41581 | (to)g(the)h(same)f(matrix)f(elemen)m(t)h(as)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(with)0 |
| | 41582 | 523 y Fj(`)41 487 y Fk(\000)140 523 y Fn($)40 b Fw(d)g(and)p |
| | 41583 | 571 470 V 40 w Fj(\027)626 538 y Fh(`)699 523 y Fn($)p |
| | 41584 | 838 470 V 39 w Fw(u)q(.)65 b(The)41 b(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)39 |
| | 41585 | b(mass)g(of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(quarks)g(is)e(calculated)g(next.)67 |
| | 41586 | b(If)40 b(this)0 632 y(mass)c(is)f(so)i(lo)m(w)e(that)h(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 41587 | (hadrons)h(cannot)f(b)s(e)g(formed)f(from)g(the)h(system,)i(the)f(t)m |
| | 41588 | (w)m(o)f(quarks)h(are)0 740 y(com)m(bined)f(in)m(to)f(one)i(single)e |
| | 41589 | (hadron.)54 b(Else)37 b(the)g(same)f(kind)g(of)f(approac)m(h)i(as)g(in) |
| | 41590 | e(hadronic)h(c)m(harm)0 848 y(deca)m(ys)31 b(is)d(adopted,)i(wherein)g |
| | 41591 | (a)f(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)c(is)j(selected,)j(a)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g |
| | 41592 | (hadrons)g(are)g(formed)f(and)0 957 y(thereafter)k(momen)m(ta)f(are)h |
| | 41593 | (distributed)f(according)h(to)f(phase)i(space.)44 b(The)33 |
| | 41594 | b(di\013erence)g(is)e(that)h(here)0 1065 y(the)f(c)m(harm)g(deca)m(y)i |
| | 41595 | (pro)s(duct)e(is)g(distributed)f(according)h(to)f(the)i |
| | 41596 | Fj(V)40 b Fn(\000)20 b Fj(A)31 b Fw(matrix)f(elemen)m(t,)h(and)g(only)0 |
| | 41597 | 1173 y(the)40 b(rest)h(of)e(the)h(system)h(is)e(assumed)h(isotropic)f |
| | 41598 | (in)f(its)i(rest)g(frame,)h(while)e(in)f(c)m(harm)i(deca)m(ys)i(all)0 |
| | 41599 | 1282 y(hadrons)33 b(are)g(distributed)f(isotropically)-8 |
| | 41600 | b(.)146 1390 y(Note)36 b(that)f(the)h(c)f(quark)h(and)g(the)f(sp)s |
| | 41601 | (ectator)h(are)f(assumed)h(to)f(form)f(one)i(colour)e(singlet)g(and)0 |
| | 41602 | 1498 y(the)h(d)p 224 1445 V(u)g(another,)g(separate)g(one.)49 |
| | 41603 | b(It)35 b(is)f(th)m(us)h(assumed)g(that)g(the)g(original)c(colour)i |
| | 41604 | (assignmen)m(ts)i(of)0 1607 y(the)42 b(basic)f(hard)g(pro)s(cess)i(are) |
| | 41605 | e(b)s(etter)g(retained)g(than)h(in)e(c)m(harm)h(deca)m(ys.)72 |
| | 41606 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)45 b(sometimes)0 1715 y(this)40 b(will)e(not)j(b)s |
| | 41607 | (e)g(true,)i(and)d(with)h(ab)s(out)f(20\045)g(probabilit)m(y)f(the)i |
| | 41608 | (colour)e(assignmen)m(t)i(is)f(\015ipp)s(ed)0 1823 y(around)e(so)f |
| | 41609 | (that)h(c)p 720 1770 V(u)g(forms)f(one)g(singlet.)58 |
| | 41610 | b(\(In)38 b(the)g(program,)f(this)g(is)g(ac)m(hiev)m(ed)i(b)m(y)g(c)m |
| | 41611 | (hanging)e(the)0 1932 y(order)d(in)f(whic)m(h)i(deca)m(y)g(pro)s(ducts) |
| | 41612 | g(are)f(giv)m(en.\))47 b(In)35 b(particular,)d(the)j(deca)m(y)g(b)30 |
| | 41613 | b Fn(!)g Fw(cs)p 3167 1879 44 4 v(c)35 b(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)0 |
| | 41614 | 2040 y(giv)m(e)c(a)g(c)p 318 1987 V(c)g(colour-singlet)e(state)i(part)g |
| | 41615 | (of)f(the)h(time,)g(and)g(this)f(state)i(ma)m(y)e(collapse)g(to)h(a)g |
| | 41616 | (single)f(J)p Fj(= )t Fw(.)0 2148 y(Tw)m(o-b)s(o)s(dy)i(deca)m(ys)i(of) |
| | 41617 | d(this)g(t)m(yp)s(e)i(are)e(explicitly)f(listed)h(for)g(B)2334 |
| | 41618 | 2112 y Fl(0)2374 2148 y Fw(,)h(B)2500 2112 y Fl(+)2559 |
| | 41619 | 2148 y Fw(,)g(B)2685 2112 y Fl(0)2685 2173 y(s)2755 2148 |
| | 41620 | y Fw(and)f(\003)3009 2112 y Fl(0)3009 2173 y(b)3052 2148 |
| | 41621 | y Fw(;)i(while)e(other)h(J)p Fj(= )0 2257 y Fw(pro)s(duction)i(c)m |
| | 41622 | (hannels)h(app)s(ear)g(from)e(the)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(con)m(ten)m(t)f |
| | 41623 | (sp)s(eci\014cation.)146 2386 y(The)g(B)415 2349 y Fl(0)455 |
| | 41624 | 2386 y Fw({)p 504 2308 70 4 v(B)572 2327 y Fl(0)644 2386 |
| | 41625 | y Fw(and)e(B)901 2349 y Fl(0)901 2410 y(s)941 2386 y |
| | 41626 | Fw({)p 990 2308 V(B)1059 2327 y Fl(0)1059 2410 y(s)1130 |
| | 41627 | 2386 y Fw(systems)i(mix)e(b)s(efore)h(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)44 |
| | 41628 | b(This)32 b(is)g(optionally)d(included.)43 b(With)31 |
| | 41629 | b(a)0 2494 y(probabilit)m(y)1477 2671 y Fn(P)1546 2686 |
| | 41630 | y Fl(\015ip)1676 2671 y Fw(=)c(sin)1899 2630 y Fl(2)1955 |
| | 41631 | 2525 y Fg( )2066 2604 y Fj(x)17 b(\034)p 2031 2648 197 |
| | 41632 | 4 v 2031 2739 a Fw(2)g Fn(h)p Fj(\034)11 b Fn(i)2237 |
| | 41633 | 2525 y Fg(!)3557 2671 y Fw(\(213\))0 2918 y(a)32 b(B)g(is)g(therefore)h |
| | 41634 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)e(to)h(deca)m(y)i(lik)m(e)e(a)p 1685 2840 |
| | 41635 | 70 4 v 32 w(B,)g(and)g(vice)h(v)m(ersa.)45 b(The)33 b(mixing)d |
| | 41636 | (parameters)i(are)h(b)m(y)0 3046 y(default)f Fj(x)383 |
| | 41637 | 3061 y Fl(d)454 3046 y Fw(=)c(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(7)k(in)g(the)h(B)1066 |
| | 41638 | 3010 y Fl(0)1105 3046 y Fw({)p 1154 2968 V(B)1223 2988 |
| | 41639 | y Fl(0)1295 3046 y Fw(system)h(and)e Fj(x)1863 3061 y |
| | 41640 | Fl(s)1923 3046 y Fw(=)c(10)k(in)g(the)h(B)2508 3010 y |
| | 41641 | Fl(0)2508 3071 y(s)2547 3046 y Fw({)p 2596 2968 V(B)2665 |
| | 41642 | 2988 y Fl(0)2665 3071 y(s)2737 3046 y Fw(one.)146 3155 |
| | 41643 | y(The)40 b(generic)e(B)h(meson)f(and)h(bary)m(on)g(deca)m(y)h(prop)s |
| | 41644 | (erties)e(are)g(stored)h(for)f(`particle')g(85.)60 b(This)0 |
| | 41645 | 3263 y(particle)34 b(con)m(tains)i(a)f(description)g(of)g(the)h(free)g |
| | 41646 | (b)f(quark)h(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)38 b(with)d(an)g(instruction)g(to)g |
| | 41647 | (\014nd)h(the)0 3372 y(sp)s(ectator)31 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(according)f |
| | 41648 | (to)g(the)g(particle)f(co)s(de)i(of)f(the)h(actual)e(deca)m(ying)i |
| | 41649 | (hadron.)43 b(Curren)m(tly)0 3480 y(bary)m(ons)36 b(other)g(than)f |
| | 41650 | (\003)922 3444 y Fl(0)922 3504 y(b)1001 3480 y Fw(are)g(treated)h(this) |
| | 41651 | f(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(.)53 b(If)36 b(so)f(desired,)i(eac)m(h)f(hadron)g |
| | 41652 | (could)f(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en)h(a)0 3588 y(separate)f(deca)m(y)h(c)m |
| | 41653 | (hannel)f(list,)e(or)h(all)f(B)h(hadrons)h(could)f(b)s(e)h(mapp)s(ed)f |
| | 41654 | (to)g(particle)f(85,)i(as)f(used)i(to)0 3697 y(b)s(e)d(the)g(case..)0 |
| | 41655 | 3944 y Fo(13.3.5)113 b(W)-9 b(eak)37 b(deca)m(ys)h(of)g(top)f(and)i |
| | 41656 | (fourth)e(generation)0 4117 y Fw(As)31 b(already)f(explained)h(in)f |
| | 41657 | (section)g(13.1,)h(hea)m(vy)h(quarks)g(are)f(normally)d(assumed)j(to)f |
| | 41658 | (deca)m(y)i(b)s(efore)0 4225 y(they)g(fragmen)m(t.)43 |
| | 41659 | b(Optionally)-8 b(,)29 b(they)j(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(to)h |
| | 41660 | (fragmen)m(t)g(b)s(efore)g(they)i(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)44 |
| | 41661 | b(In)32 b(either)0 4334 y(case,)i(the)f(deca)m(y)h(itself)d(is)h |
| | 41662 | (handled)g(as)h(if)f(the)h(hea)m(vy)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(is)f(free.)146 |
| | 41663 | 4442 y(F)-8 b(or)41 b(a)h(hadron,)i(some)e(of)f(the)h(hadron)g(energy)h |
| | 41664 | (is)e(reserv)m(ed)k(for)c(the)h(sp)s(ectator)g(quark.)73 |
| | 41665 | b(The)0 4550 y(deca)m(y)34 b(matrix)d(elemen)m(t)h(used)i(for)e(Q)c |
| | 41666 | Fn(!)f Fw(q)p 1602 4471 37 4 v(f)7 b(f)40 b(is)1068 4820 |
| | 41667 | y Fn(jMj)1244 4779 y Fl(2)1310 4820 y Fn(/)1779 4752 |
| | 41668 | y Fw(\()p Fj(p)1866 4767 y Fl(Q)1925 4752 y Fj(p)p 1974 |
| | 41669 | 4725 31 4 v 29 x Fl(f)2004 4752 y Fw(\)\()p Fj(p)2129 |
| | 41670 | 4767 y Fl(f)2160 4752 y Fj(p)2209 4767 y Fl(q)2251 4752 |
| | 41671 | y Fw(\))p 1425 4797 1217 4 v 1425 4900 a(\(\()p Fj(p)1550 |
| | 41672 | 4915 y Fl(f)1603 4900 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)p 1750 4872 31 |
| | 41673 | 4 v 29 x Fl(f)1781 4900 y Fw(\))1819 4871 y Fl(2)1881 |
| | 41674 | 4900 y Fn(\000)g Fj(m)2065 4866 y Fl(2)2065 4924 y(W)2143 |
| | 41675 | 4900 y Fw(\))2181 4849 y Fl(2)2243 4900 y Fw(+)g Fj(m)2426 |
| | 41676 | 4866 y Fl(2)2426 4924 y(W)2503 4900 y Fw(\000)2564 4866 |
| | 41677 | y Fl(2)2564 4924 y(W)2685 4820 y Fj(:)845 b Fw(\(214\))0 |
| | 41678 | 5106 y(Here)33 b(Q)e(ma)m(y)h(represen)m(t)i(the)f(t)e(or)h(an)m(y)h |
| | 41679 | (of)e(the)i(fourth)e(generation)h(quarks,)h(l)e(and)h(h.)44 |
| | 41680 | b(With)31 b(trivial)0 5214 y(c)m(hange)39 b(of)e(notation,)h(the)g |
| | 41681 | (lepton)g Fj(\037)f Fw(ob)s(eys)i(the)g(same)e(form)m(ula.)58 |
| | 41682 | b(The)38 b(f)p 2797 5135 37 4 v 7 w(f)45 b(pair)36 b(are)i(the)h |
| | 41683 | (fermions)0 5322 y(from)23 b(the)i(W)h(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)28 |
| | 41684 | b(either)c(quarks)i(or)e(leptons.)41 b(The)25 b(program)e(tak)m(es)j |
| | 41685 | (care)f(of)f(the)h(e\013ects)h(of)e(the)h(W)0 5431 y(propagator,)k |
| | 41686 | (whatev)m(er)j(the)e(mass)f(di\013erence)h Fj(m)1857 |
| | 41687 | 5446 y Fl(Q)1933 5431 y Fn(\000)16 b Fj(m)2111 5446 y |
| | 41688 | Fl(q)2153 5431 y Fw(,)30 b(with)f(one)h(pro)m(viso:)42 |
| | 41689 | b(the)30 b(selection)f(of)g(the)0 5539 y(q)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(is)f |
| | 41690 | (done)g(according)g(to)f(\014xed)j(branc)m(hing)e(ratios,)f(and)h(do)s |
| | 41691 | (es)h(th)m(us)g(not)f(tak)m(e)g(in)m(to)g(accoun)m(t)0 |
| | 41692 | 5647 y(the)j(relativ)m(e)f(enhancemen)m(t)i(of)d(a)i(CKM-suppressed)i |
| | 41693 | (q)e(due)g(to)f(mass)h(e\013ects.)44 b(This)33 b(w)m(ould)g(pla)m(y)f |
| | 41694 | (a)1817 5953 y(252)p eop |
| | 41695 | %%Page: 253 259 |
| | 41696 | 253 258 bop 0 -18 a Fw(r^)-49 b(ole)28 b(around)g(thresholds,)i(e.g.,)g |
| | 41697 | (with)e Fj(m)1509 -3 y Fl(t)1568 -18 y Fn(\031)h Fj(m)1759 |
| | 41698 | -3 y Fl(W)1836 -18 y Fw(,)h(the)f(t)e Fn(!)h Fw(s)g(w)m(ould)h(b)s(e)g |
| | 41699 | (enhanced)h(compared)e(with)0 90 y(t)g Fn(!)f Fw(b.)43 |
| | 41700 | b(On)32 b(the)h(other)f(hand,)h(threshold)f(factors)g(are)g(included)f |
| | 41701 | (for)h(the)g(c)m(hoice)h(of)e(the)i(f)p 3389 11 37 4 |
| | 41702 | v 7 w(f)38 b(fermion)0 198 y(pair)32 b(from)f(the)i(W)h(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 41703 | b(.)146 307 y(F)g(or)37 b(the)h(alternativ)m(e)f(with)g(a)g(rapidly)f |
| | 41704 | (deca)m(ying)i(top)f(quark,)j(so)e(that)f(no)h(hadron)f(is)g(formed,)0 |
| | 41705 | 415 y(one)32 b(is)g(not)g(close)g(to)f(threshold.)44 |
| | 41706 | b(The)33 b(comp)s(osition)c(of)j(the)g(ligh)m(t)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)i |
| | 41707 | (pro)s(duced)f(in)g(the)g(deca)m(y)0 523 y(is)d(then)h(calculated)f |
| | 41708 | (according)g(to)g(the)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)h(phase)g(space)f(times)f(CKM) |
| | 41709 | h(w)m(eigh)m(t.)43 b(By)30 b(default)0 632 y(the)24 b(W)i(deca)m(ys)f |
| | 41710 | (with)f(the)g(spin)g(information)d(implicit)f(in)j(the)h(matrix)f |
| | 41711 | (elemen)m(t)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)k(but)d(isotropic)0 740 |
| | 41712 | y(W)34 b(deca)m(y)g(is)e(an)h(option.)146 848 y(The)j(b)f(quark)h(pro)s |
| | 41713 | (duced)g(in)e(the)i(deca)m(y)g(t)c Fn(!)f Fw(bW)2061 |
| | 41714 | 812 y Fl(+)2156 848 y Fw(ma)m(y)k(b)s(e)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)h |
| | 41715 | (radiate.)50 b(It)35 b(thereb)m(y)0 957 y(acquires)29 |
| | 41716 | b(an)f(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(mass,)g(whic)m(h)g(means)f(that)g(the)g |
| | 41717 | (kinematics)f(of)h(the)h(deca)m(y)g(is)f(c)m(hanged,)i(with)0 |
| | 41718 | 1065 y(energy)k(sh)m(u\017ed)g(from)d(the)i(W)i(to)d(the)h(b.)146 |
| | 41719 | 1173 y(The)j(system)f(con)m(taining)e(the)h(sp)s(ectator)h(quark)g |
| | 41720 | (will)d(often)i(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)e(mass)g(to)s(o)f(small)f(to)i(allo)m(w) |
| | 41721 | 0 1282 y(it)28 b(to)i(fragmen)m(t)e(lik)m(e)h(a)g(jet)h(system.)43 |
| | 41722 | b(In)30 b(these)h(cases)g(a)e(single)f(particle)h(is)g(formed)f(from)h |
| | 41723 | (the)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)0 1390 y(con)m(ten)m(t,)h(with)c(a)h(momen)m |
| | 41724 | (tum)f(v)m(ector)j(giv)m(en)e(b)m(y)h(the)g(sum)f(of)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o) |
| | 41725 | g(quark)g(momen)m(ta.)41 b(Since)28 b(the)0 1498 y(energy)h(of)f(this)g |
| | 41726 | (particle)f(then)i(will)d(come)i(out)g(wrong,)i(the)e(momen)m(ta)g(of)f |
| | 41727 | (the)i(other)g(jets)g(or)e(leptons)0 1607 y(in)35 b(the)g(deca)m(y)i |
| | 41728 | (are)e(mo)s(di\014ed)g(sligh)m(tly)e(to)i(obtain)g(total)e(energy)k |
| | 41729 | (conserv)-5 b(ation.)52 b(\(Of)34 b(course,)k(for)c Fj(\037)0 |
| | 41730 | 1715 y Fw(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)34 b(there)f(is)f(no)h(sp)s(ectator)g(and)f |
| | 41731 | (th)m(us)i(no)f(treatmen)m(t)f(of)g(this)g(kind.\))146 |
| | 41732 | 1834 y(The)k(f)p 386 1755 V 7 w(f)41 b(pair)33 b(from)g(the)i(W)h(deca) |
| | 41733 | m(y)g(is)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)h(sho)m(w)m(er,)j(i.e.)49 |
| | 41734 | b(emit)33 b(gluons)g(and)i(photons)g(ac-)0 1942 y(cording)d(to)h(the)g |
| | 41735 | (standard)g(\014nal-state)f(radiation)f(algorithm,)f(including)h(matc)m |
| | 41736 | (hing)h(to)g(\014rst-order)0 2051 y(matrix)37 b(elemen)m(ts.)63 |
| | 41737 | b(The)39 b(resulting)f(jet)h(system)g(is)g(fragmen)m(ted)f(with)h |
| | 41738 | (ordinary)f(string)g(fragmen-)0 2159 y(tation)33 b(|)h(the)g(mass)g(is) |
| | 41739 | g(here)h(so)g(high)e(that)h(a)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(description)i(is)g |
| | 41740 | (quite)g(appropriate.)0 2267 y(Only)h(v)m(ery)h(rarely)f(w)m(ould)g |
| | 41741 | (the)g(W)i(mass)e(b)s(e)g(b)s(elo)m(w)g(the)h(threshold)f(for)f(the)i |
| | 41742 | (pro)s(duction)e(of)h(a)g(pair)0 2376 y(of)d(particles;)g(suc)m(h)i |
| | 41743 | (kinematical)c(con\014gurations)i(are)h(rejected.)0 2623 |
| | 41744 | y Fo(13.3.6)113 b(Other)37 b(deca)m(ys)0 2796 y Fw(F)-8 |
| | 41745 | b(or)44 b(onia)f(spin)h(1)g(resonances,)50 b(deca)m(y)45 |
| | 41746 | b(c)m(hannels)h(in)m(to)d(a)i(pair)e(of)h(leptons)g(are)h(explicitly)d |
| | 41747 | (giv)m(en.)0 2904 y(Hadronic)32 b(deca)m(ys)i(of)f(the)g(J)p |
| | 41748 | Fj(= )j Fw(are)d(sim)m(ulated)e(using)h(the)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g |
| | 41749 | (generation)f(mo)s(del)f(in)m(tro)s(duced)0 3013 y(for)h(c)m(harm.)45 |
| | 41750 | b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(\007)h(a)g(fraction)f(of)g(the)i(hadronic)e(deca)m(ys) |
| | 41751 | j(is)e(in)m(to)f(q)p 2550 2960 52 4 v(q)i(pairs,)e(while)h(the)g(rest)h |
| | 41752 | (is)e(in)m(to)0 3121 y(ggg)27 b(or)g(gg)q Fj(\015)5 b |
| | 41753 | Fw(,)27 b(using)g(the)g(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)i(of)f(eq.)i(\(44\).)41 |
| | 41754 | b(The)27 b Fj(\021)2351 3136 y Fh(c)2413 3121 y Fw(and)g |
| | 41755 | Fj(\021)2645 3136 y Fh(b)2706 3121 y Fw(are)f(b)s(oth)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f |
| | 41756 | (to)g(deca)m(y)0 3230 y(in)m(to)36 b(a)h(gg)h(pair,)f(whic)m(h)h(then)g |
| | 41757 | (subsequen)m(tly)i(fragmen)m(ts.)56 b(In)38 b(\007)f(and)g |
| | 41758 | Fj(\021)2734 3245 y Fh(b)2806 3230 y Fw(deca)m(ys)i(the)e(partons)g |
| | 41759 | (are)0 3338 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(to)g(sho)m(w)m(er)i(b)s(efore)e(fragmen)m |
| | 41760 | (tation,)g(but)h(energies)f(are)h(to)s(o)e(lo)m(w)h(for)g(sho)m(w)m |
| | 41761 | (ering)h(to)f(ha)m(v)m(e)0 3446 y(an)m(y)33 b(impact.)146 |
| | 41762 | 3555 y(With)21 b(curren)m(t)i(b)s(ounds)g(on)f(the)g(top)f(mass,)j(one) |
| | 41763 | e(do)s(es)h(not)e(exp)s(ect)i(the)g(formation)c(of)i(w)m(ell-de\014ned) |
| | 41764 | 0 3663 y(top)s(onium)g(states.)42 b(A)23 b(complete)f(description)h(of) |
| | 41765 | g(the)g(resonance)i(structure)f(in)f(the)g(threshold)g(region)0 |
| | 41766 | 3771 y(is)h(b)s(ey)m(ond)h(the)f(scop)s(e)h(of)f(the)g(program.)40 |
| | 41767 | b(The)25 b(approac)m(h)f(tak)m(en)h(for)f(the)g(top)s(onium)e(states)j |
| | 41768 | (that)f(ha)m(v)m(e)0 3880 y(b)s(een)34 b(de\014ned)h(is)d(to)h(let)g |
| | 41769 | (either)g(the)h(t)f(or)g(the)p 1734 3808 38 4 v 34 w(t)g(deca)m(y)h(w)m |
| | 41770 | (eakly)h(\014rst,)f(then)f(do)h(the)f(fragmen)m(tation,)0 |
| | 41771 | 3988 y(and)j(subsequen)m(tly)j(let)d(the)g(pro)s(duced)h(an)m(titop)f |
| | 41772 | (or)g(top)g(hadron)g(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)55 b(A)37 b(b)s(etter)f |
| | 41773 | (description)g(is)0 4096 y(pro)m(vided)d(b)m(y)h(the)f |
| | 41774 | Fm(Pythia)f Fw(mac)m(hinery)h(for)f(resonance)i(deca)m(ys.)146 |
| | 41775 | 4205 y(Default)26 b(branc)m(hing)h(ratios)f(are)h(giv)m(en)g(for)g |
| | 41776 | (resonances)i(lik)m(e)d(the)i(Z)2626 4168 y Fl(0)2665 |
| | 41777 | 4205 y Fw(,)g(the)f(W)2983 4168 y Fk(\006)3070 4205 y |
| | 41778 | Fw(or)g(the)g(H)3419 4168 y Fl(0)3459 4205 y Fw(.)42 |
| | 41779 | b(When)0 4313 y Fm(Pythia)30 b Fw(is)g(initialized,)d(these)32 |
| | 41780 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)f(are)g(replaced)f(b)m(y)h(branc)m(hing)g(ratios)e |
| | 41781 | (ev)-5 b(aluated)30 b(from)f(the)0 4421 y(giv)m(en)g(masses.)43 |
| | 41782 | b(F)-8 b(or)29 b(Z)841 4385 y Fl(0)909 4421 y Fw(and)g(W)1196 |
| | 41783 | 4385 y Fk(\006)1285 4421 y Fw(the)g(branc)m(hing)g(ratios)g(dep)s(end)h |
| | 41784 | (only)e(marginally)e(on)j(the)h(masses)0 4530 y(assumed,)37 |
| | 41785 | b(while)d(e\013ects)i(are)f(large)g(e.g.)51 b(for)34 |
| | 41786 | b(the)i(H)1976 4493 y Fl(0)2016 4530 y Fw(.)51 b(In)35 |
| | 41787 | b(fact,)h(branc)m(hing)f(ratios)f(ma)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ary)35 |
| | 41788 | b(o)m(v)m(er)0 4638 y(the)25 b(Breit{Wigner)e(resonance)j(shap)s(e,)h |
| | 41789 | (something)d(whic)m(h)h(is)g(also)e(tak)m(en)j(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t)h |
| | 41790 | (in)f Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)0 4746 y(Therefore)h(the)f(default)g(resonance)h |
| | 41791 | (treatmen)m(t)f(of)30 b Fm(Jetset)23 b Fw(is)g(normally)f(not)i(so)g |
| | 41792 | (useful,)i(and)e(should)0 4855 y(b)s(e)32 b(a)m(v)m(oided)g(\(except,)i |
| | 41793 | (of)d(course,)i(the)g(standard)f(e)1909 4819 y Fl(+)1968 |
| | 41794 | 4855 y Fw(e)2011 4819 y Fk(\000)2098 4855 y Fn(!)c Fj(\015)2282 |
| | 41795 | 4819 y Fk(\003)2321 4855 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2430 4819 y Fl(0)2497 |
| | 41796 | 4855 y Fn(!)f Fw(q)p 2675 4802 52 4 v(q)33 b(description\).)42 |
| | 41797 | b(When)33 b(it)e(is)0 4963 y(used,)38 b(a)d(c)m(hannel)h(is)f(selected) |
| | 41798 | h(according)f(to)g(the)h(giv)m(en)g(\014xed)h(branc)m(hing)e(ratios.)52 |
| | 41799 | b(If)35 b(the)h(deca)m(y)h(is)0 5071 y(in)m(to)f(a)h(q)p |
| | 41800 | 339 5018 V(q)h(pair,)f(the)g(quarks)h(are)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)h(sho)m |
| | 41801 | (w)m(er)h(and)f(subsequen)m(tly)j(the)d(parton)g(system)h(is)0 |
| | 41802 | 5180 y(fragmen)m(ted.)1817 5953 y(253)p eop |
| | 41803 | %%Page: 254 260 |
| | 41804 | 254 259 bop 0 -18 a Ft(14)161 b(The)53 b(JETSET)h(Program)g(Elemen)l |
| | 41805 | (ts)0 189 y Fw(In)28 b(this)f(section)h(w)m(e)g(collect)f(information)d |
| | 41806 | (on)j(most)g(of)g(the)h(routines)g(and)f(common)f(blo)s(c)m(k)i(v)-5 |
| | 41807 | b(ariables)0 297 y(found)37 b(in)g Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)56 |
| | 41808 | b(A)37 b(few)h(parts)g(are)f(discussed)i(elsewhere;)i(this)c(includes)g |
| | 41809 | (the)h(e)3212 261 y Fl(+)3271 297 y Fw(e)3314 261 y Fk(\000)3410 |
| | 41810 | 297 y Fw(routines,)0 405 y(parton)e(sho)m(w)m(ers)j(and)d(ev)m(en)m |
| | 41811 | (t-analysis)h(routines.)55 b(In)37 b(this)e(section)i(the)g(emphasis)f |
| | 41812 | (is)g(on)g(the)h(frag-)0 514 y(men)m(tation)31 b(and)i(deca)m(y)h(pac)m |
| | 41813 | (k)-5 b(age,)33 b(and)g(on)f(generic)h(utilities)d(for)i(things)g(lik)m |
| | 41814 | (e)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(listing.)0 787 y Fp(14.1)136 b(De\014nition)45 |
| | 41815 | b(of)g(Initial)i(Con\014guration)e(or)g(V)-11 b(ariables)0 |
| | 41816 | 960 y Fw(With)26 b(the)g(use)h(of)f(the)g(con)m(v)m(en)m(tions)i |
| | 41817 | (describ)s(ed)f(for)f(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record,)g(it)d(is)h(p)s |
| | 41818 | (ossible)f(to)h(sp)s(ecify)h(an)m(y)0 1068 y(initial)35 |
| | 41819 | b(jet/particle)i(con\014guration.)61 b(This)38 b(task)i(is)e |
| | 41820 | (simpli\014ed)e(for)i(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)g(often)f(o)s(ccuring)0 |
| | 41821 | 1177 y(situations)h(b)m(y)h(the)g(existence)h(of)f(the)g(\014lling)d |
| | 41822 | (routines)i(b)s(elo)m(w.)65 b(It)40 b(should)f(b)s(e)h(noted)g(that)f |
| | 41823 | (man)m(y)0 1285 y(users)j(do)f(not)g(come)f(in)g(direct)h(con)m(tact)g |
| | 41824 | (with)g(these)h(routines,)h(since)e(that)g(is)f(tak)m(en)i(care)f(of)g |
| | 41825 | (b)m(y)0 1394 y(higher-lev)m(el)31 b(routines)i(for)f(sp)s(eci\014c)h |
| | 41826 | (pro)s(cesses,)i(particularly)d Fq(LUEEVT)i Fw(and)e |
| | 41827 | Fq(PYEVNT)p Fw(.)146 1502 y(Sev)m(eral)k(calls)e(to)g(the)i(routines)f |
| | 41828 | (can)g(b)s(e)h(com)m(bined)e(in)h(the)g(sp)s(eci\014cation.)51 |
| | 41829 | b(In)35 b(case)h(one)g(call)d(is)0 1610 y(enough,)e(the)g(complete)f |
| | 41830 | (fragmen)m(tation/deca)m(y)g(c)m(hain)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(sim)m(ulated)f |
| | 41831 | (at)h(the)h(same)g(time.)41 b(A)m(t)0 1719 y(eac)m(h)35 |
| | 41832 | b(call,)e(the)i(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)41 b Fq(N)34 b Fw(is)g(up)s(dated)h |
| | 41833 | (to)e(the)i(last)e(line)g(used)j(for)d(information)e(in)j(the)g(call,)f |
| | 41834 | (so)i(if)0 1827 y(sev)m(eral)h(calls)f(are)g(used,)j(they)e(should)g(b) |
| | 41835 | s(e)f(made)h(with)f(increasing)h Fq(IP)g Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)h(or)e |
| | 41836 | (else)h Fq(N)g Fw(should)0 1935 y(b)s(e)d(rede\014ned)h(b)m(y)g(hand)e |
| | 41837 | (afterw)m(ards.)146 2044 y(The)c(routine)e Fq(LUJOIN)i |
| | 41838 | Fw(is)f(v)m(ery)h(useful)f(to)f(de\014ne)i(the)f(colour)f(\015o)m(w)i |
| | 41839 | (in)e(more)g(complicated)f(parton)0 2152 y(con\014gurations;)34 |
| | 41840 | b(thereb)m(y)h(one)f(can)f(b)m(ypass)j(the)d(not)h(so)f(trivial)e |
| | 41841 | (rules)j(for)f(ho)m(w)h(to)f(set)h(the)g Fq(K\(I,4\))0 |
| | 41842 | 2260 y Fw(and)f Fq(K\(I,5\))h Fw(colour-\015o)m(w)e(information.)146 |
| | 41843 | 2369 y(As)40 b(an)g(exp)s(erimen)m(t,)h(the)f(routine)f |
| | 41844 | Fq(LUGIVE)i Fw(con)m(tains)f(a)f(facilit)m(y)f(to)h(set)h(v)-5 |
| | 41845 | b(arious)39 b(comon)m(blo)s(c)m(k)0 2477 y(v)-5 b(ariables)31 |
| | 41846 | b(in)h(a)g(con)m(trolled)g(and)h(do)s(cumen)m(ted)g(fashion.)p |
| | 41847 | 0 2602 1646 9 v 0 2827 9 225 v 79 2742 a Fq(CALL)52 b |
| | 41848 | (LU1ENT\(IP,KF,PE,THE,PHI)q(\))p 1637 2827 V 0 2835 1646 |
| | 41849 | 9 v 0 2967 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)32 b(add)h(one)g(en)m(try)g(to)f |
| | 41850 | (the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record,)e(i.e.)43 b(either)32 b(a)h(jet)f(or)h(a)f |
| | 41851 | (particle.)0 3075 y Fq(IP)52 b(:)267 b Fw(normally)31 |
| | 41852 | b(line)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(for)f(the)h(jet/particle.)42 |
| | 41853 | b(There)34 b(are)e(t)m(w)m(o)i(exceptions.)472 3183 y(If)40 |
| | 41854 | b Fq(IP=0)p Fw(,)34 b(line)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(1)f(is)g(used)i(and)f |
| | 41855 | Fq(LUEXEC)h Fw(is)e(called.)472 3292 y(If)43 b Fq(IP<0)p |
| | 41856 | Fw(,)38 b(line)c Fq(-IP)i Fw(is)g(used,)h(with)f(status)g(co)s(de)g |
| | 41857 | Fq(K\(-IP,2\)=2)i Fw(rather)e(than)g(1;)h(th)m(us)g(a)472 |
| | 41858 | 3400 y(jet)j(system)h(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)h(built)e(up)i(b)m(y)g(\014lling)d |
| | 41859 | (all)h(but)i(the)g(last)f(jet)g(of)g(the)h(system)h(with)472 |
| | 41860 | 3508 y Fq(IP<0)p Fw(.)0 3617 y Fq(KF)52 b(:)267 b Fw(jet/particle)32 |
| | 41861 | b(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(co)s(de.)0 3725 y Fq(PE)52 b(:)267 |
| | 41862 | b Fw(jet/particle)30 b(energy)-8 b(.)45 b(If)38 b Fq(PE)32 |
| | 41863 | b Fw(is)f(smaller)e(than)j(the)g(mass,)f(the)h(jet/particle)e(is)h(tak) |
| | 41864 | m(en)i(to)472 3833 y(b)s(e)g(at)f(rest.)0 3942 y Fq(THE,)52 |
| | 41865 | b(PHI)g(:)c Fw(p)s(olar)31 b(and)i(azim)m(uthal)d(angle)i(for)g(the)h |
| | 41866 | (momen)m(tum)e(v)m(ector)j(of)e(the)h(jet/particle.)p |
| | 41867 | 0 4092 1594 9 v 0 4316 9 225 v 79 4232 a Fq(CALL)52 b |
| | 41868 | (LU2ENT\(IP,KF1,KF2,PECM\))p 1585 4316 V 0 4324 1594 |
| | 41869 | 9 v 0 4456 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)24 b(add)i(t)m(w)m(o)f(en)m(tries)h |
| | 41870 | (to)f(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record,)h(i.e.)40 b(either)25 |
| | 41871 | b(a)g(2-jet)f(system)i(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)h(separate)472 |
| | 41872 | 4565 y(particles.)0 4673 y Fq(IP)52 b(:)267 b Fw(normally)25 |
| | 41873 | b(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(for)f(the)h(\014rst)f(jet/particle,)g(with)g |
| | 41874 | (second)i(in)d(line)g Fq(IP+1)p Fw(.)43 b(There)472 4781 |
| | 41875 | y(are)33 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(exceptions.)472 4890 y(If)40 b |
| | 41876 | Fq(IP=0)p Fw(,)34 b(lines)d(1)i(and)f(2)h(are)f(used)i(and)f |
| | 41877 | Fq(LUEXEC)h Fw(is)e(called.)472 4998 y(If)45 b Fq(IP<0)p |
| | 41878 | Fw(,)39 b(lines)e Fq(-IP)h Fw(and)f Fq(-IP+1)i Fw(are)e(used,)j(with)d |
| | 41879 | (status)h(co)s(de)g Fq(K\(I,1\)=3)p Fw(,)j(i.e.)57 b(with)472 |
| | 41880 | 5106 y(sp)s(ecial)21 b(colour)g(connection)h(information,)f(so)h(that)f |
| | 41881 | (a)h(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er)j(can)e(b)s(e)g(generated)472 |
| | 41882 | 5215 y(b)m(y)k(a)e Fq(LUSHOW)i Fw(call,)e(follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)h(a)f |
| | 41883 | Fq(LUEXEC)i Fw(call,)e(if)f(so)i(desired)g(\(only)f(relev)-5 |
| | 41884 | b(an)m(t)24 b(for)g(jets\).)0 5323 y Fq(KF1,)52 b(KF2)g(:)c |
| | 41885 | Fw(\015a)m(v)m(our)33 b(co)s(des)h(for)e(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 41886 | (jets/particles.)0 5431 y Fq(PECM)52 b(:)165 b Fw(\(=)28 |
| | 41887 | b Fj(E)686 5446 y Fl(cm)780 5431 y Fw(\))33 b(the)g(total)e(energy)j |
| | 41888 | (of)e(the)h(system.)0 5540 y Fo(Remark:)53 b Fw(the)36 |
| | 41889 | b(system)g(is)e(giv)m(en)i(in)e(the)h(c.m.)51 b(frame,)35 |
| | 41890 | b(with)f(the)i(\014rst)f(jet/particle)f(going)f(out)i(in)472 |
| | 41891 | 5648 y(the)e(+)p Fj(z)38 b Fw(direction.)1817 5953 y(254)p |
| | 41892 | eop |
| | 41893 | %%Page: 255 261 |
| | 41894 | 255 260 bop 0 -110 2107 9 v 0 115 9 225 v 79 30 a Fq(CALL)52 |
| | 41895 | b(LU3ENT\(IP,KF1,KF2,KF3,P)q(ECM,)q(X1,X)q(3\))p 2098 |
| | 41896 | 115 V 0 123 2107 9 v 0 255 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)41 |
| | 41897 | b(add)h(three)h(en)m(tries)f(to)f(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(record,)i(i.e.)70 |
| | 41898 | b(either)42 b(a)f(3-jet)h(system)g(or)g(three)472 363 |
| | 41899 | y(separate)34 b(particles.)0 472 y Fq(IP)52 b(:)267 b |
| | 41900 | Fw(normally)41 b(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(for)f(the)h(\014rst)f |
| | 41901 | (jet/particle,)i(with)e(other)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(in)f Fq(IP+1)h |
| | 41902 | Fw(and)472 580 y Fq(IP+2)p Fw(.)h(There)34 b(are)e(t)m(w)m(o)i |
| | 41903 | (exceptions.)472 688 y(If)40 b Fq(IP=0)p Fw(,)34 b(lines)d(1,)i(2)f |
| | 41904 | (and)h(3)f(are)h(used)g(and)g Fq(LUEXEC)h Fw(is)e(called.)472 |
| | 41905 | 797 y(If)50 b Fq(IP<0)p Fw(,)c(lines)c Fq(-IP)i Fw(through)e |
| | 41906 | Fq(-IP+2)i Fw(are)f(used,)k(with)42 b(status)h(co)s(de)g |
| | 41907 | Fq(K\(I,1\)=3)p Fw(,)48 b(i.e.)472 905 y(with)42 b(sp)s(ecial)f(colour) |
| | 41908 | g(connection)h(information,)f(so)h(that)g(a)g(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er)j |
| | 41909 | (can)e(b)s(e)472 1013 y(generated)49 b(b)m(y)f(a)f Fq(LUSHOW)i |
| | 41910 | Fw(call,)h(follo)m(w)m(ed)c(b)m(y)j(a)e Fq(LUEXEC)i Fw(call,)g(if)d(so) |
| | 41911 | i(desired)g(\(only)472 1122 y(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)33 b(for)f(jets\).)0 |
| | 41912 | 1230 y Fq(KF1,)52 b(KF2,)h(KF3:)48 b Fw(\015a)m(v)m(our)33 |
| | 41913 | b(co)s(des)h(for)e(the)h(three)g(jets/particles.)0 1338 |
| | 41914 | y Fq(PECM)52 b(:)165 b Fw(\()p Fj(E)582 1353 y Fl(cm)677 |
| | 41915 | 1338 y Fw(\))32 b(the)h(total)e(energy)j(of)e(the)h(system.)0 |
| | 41916 | 1447 y Fq(X1,)52 b(X3)g(:)62 b Fj(x)527 1462 y Fh(i)607 |
| | 41917 | 1447 y Fw(=)51 b(2)p Fj(E)855 1462 y Fh(i)884 1447 y |
| | 41918 | Fj(=E)1005 1462 y Fl(cm)1099 1447 y Fw(,)f(i.e.)84 b(t)m(wice)47 |
| | 41919 | b(the)g(energy)g(fraction)f(tak)m(en)h(b)m(y)g(the)g |
| | 41920 | Fj(i)p Fw('th)g(jet.)85 b(Th)m(us)472 1555 y Fj(x)527 |
| | 41921 | 1570 y Fl(2)595 1555 y Fw(=)28 b(2)19 b Fn(\000)i Fj(x)920 |
| | 41922 | 1570 y Fl(1)979 1555 y Fn(\000)g Fj(x)1132 1570 y Fl(3)1171 |
| | 41923 | 1555 y Fw(,)32 b(and)g(need)g(not)g(b)s(e)f(giv)m(en.)44 |
| | 41924 | b(Note)31 b(that)g(not)h(all)d(com)m(binations)h(of)h |
| | 41925 | Fj(x)3751 1570 y Fh(i)472 1663 y Fw(are)i(inside)f(the)h(ph)m(ysically) |
| | 41926 | f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(region.)0 1772 y Fo(Remark)37 b(:)47 |
| | 41927 | b Fw(the)30 b(system)h(is)e(giv)m(en)h(in)e(the)i(c.m.)42 |
| | 41928 | b(frame,)30 b(in)f(the)h Fj(xz)t Fw(-plane,)g(with)f(the)h(\014rst)g |
| | 41929 | (jet)g(going)472 1880 y(out)j(in)f(the)h(+)p Fj(z)k Fw(direction)31 |
| | 41930 | b(and)i(the)g(third)f(one)h(ha)m(ving)f Fj(p)2636 1895 |
| | 41931 | y Fh(x)2708 1880 y Fj(>)27 b Fw(0.)p 0 2024 2876 9 v |
| | 41932 | 0 2249 9 225 v 79 2164 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LU4ENT\(IP,KF1,KF2,KF3,K)q(F4,P)q |
| | 41933 | (ECM,)q(X1,)q(X2,X)q(4,X1)q(2,X1)q(4\))p 2867 2249 V |
| | 41934 | 0 2257 2876 9 v 0 2389 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)f(add)g(four)g(en)m |
| | 41935 | (tries)i(to)e(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(record,)i(i.e.)87 b(either)47 |
| | 41936 | b(a)h(4-jet)e(system)j(or)e(four)472 2497 y(separate)34 |
| | 41937 | b(particles)e(\(or,)g(for)g(q)p 1633 2445 52 4 v(q)q(q)1736 |
| | 41938 | 2461 y Fk(0)p 1760 2445 V 1760 2497 a Fw(q)1811 2461 |
| | 41939 | y Fk(0)1867 2497 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(t)m(w)m(o)e(2-jet)f(systems\).)0 |
| | 41940 | 2606 y Fq(IP)52 b(:)267 b Fw(normally)31 b(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h |
| | 41941 | (for)g(the)h(\014rst)f(jet/particle,)f(with)h(other)g(three)h(in)e |
| | 41942 | (lines)g Fq(IP+1)p Fw(,)472 2714 y Fq(IP+2)i Fw(and)f |
| | 41943 | Fq(IP+3)p Fw(.)44 b(There)34 b(are)f(t)m(w)m(o)g(exceptions.)472 |
| | 41944 | 2822 y(If)40 b Fq(IP=0)p Fw(,)34 b(lines)d(1,)i(2,)f(3)g(and)h(4)f(are) |
| | 41945 | h(used)h(and)e Fq(LUEXEC)i Fw(is)f(called.)472 2931 y(If)50 |
| | 41946 | b Fq(IP<0)p Fw(,)c(lines)c Fq(-IP)i Fw(through)e Fq(-IP+3)i |
| | 41947 | Fw(are)f(used,)k(with)42 b(status)h(co)s(de)g Fq(K\(I,1\)=3)p |
| | 41948 | Fw(,)48 b(i.e.)472 3039 y(with)42 b(sp)s(ecial)f(colour)g(connection)h |
| | 41949 | (information,)f(so)h(that)g(a)g(parton)f(sho)m(w)m(er)j(can)e(b)s(e)472 |
| | 41950 | 3147 y(generated)49 b(b)m(y)f(a)f Fq(LUSHOW)i Fw(call,)h(follo)m(w)m |
| | 41951 | (ed)c(b)m(y)j(a)e Fq(LUEXEC)i Fw(call,)g(if)d(so)i(desired)g(\(only)472 |
| | 41952 | 3256 y(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)33 b(for)f(jets\).)0 3364 y |
| | 41953 | Fq(KF1,KF2,KF3,KF4)55 b(:)48 b Fw(\015a)m(v)m(our)33 |
| | 41954 | b(co)s(des)h(for)e(the)h(four)f(jets/particles.)0 3473 |
| | 41955 | y Fq(PECM)52 b(:)165 b Fw(\(=)28 b Fj(E)686 3488 y Fl(cm)780 |
| | 41956 | 3473 y Fw(\))33 b(the)g(total)e(energy)j(of)e(the)h(system.)0 |
| | 41957 | 3581 y Fq(X1,X2,X4)53 b(:)48 b Fj(x)615 3596 y Fh(i)687 |
| | 41958 | 3581 y Fw(=)43 b(2)p Fj(E)927 3596 y Fh(i)955 3581 y |
| | 41959 | Fj(=E)1076 3596 y Fl(cm)1170 3581 y Fw(,)h(i.e.)71 b(t)m(wice)42 |
| | 41960 | b(the)g(energy)h(fraction)d(tak)m(en)j(b)m(y)g(the)f |
| | 41961 | Fj(i)p Fw('th)g(jet.)71 b(Th)m(us)472 3689 y Fj(x)527 |
| | 41962 | 3704 y Fl(3)595 3689 y Fw(=)28 b(2)21 b Fn(\000)i Fj(x)924 |
| | 41963 | 3704 y Fl(1)986 3689 y Fn(\000)g Fj(x)1141 3704 y Fl(2)1203 |
| | 41964 | 3689 y Fn(\000)f Fj(x)1357 3704 y Fl(4)1397 3689 y Fw(,)33 |
| | 41965 | b(and)g(need)g(not)g(b)s(e)f(giv)m(en.)0 3798 y Fq(X12,X14)53 |
| | 41966 | b(:)48 b Fj(x)564 3813 y Fh(ij)661 3798 y Fw(=)37 b(2)p |
| | 41967 | Fj(p)872 3813 y Fh(i)900 3798 y Fj(p)949 3813 y Fh(j)986 |
| | 41968 | 3798 y Fj(=E)1113 3761 y Fl(2)1107 3822 y(cm)1201 3798 |
| | 41969 | y Fw(,)i(i.e.)59 b(t)m(wice)39 b(the)f(four-v)m(ector)h(pro)s(duct)f |
| | 41970 | (of)f(the)i(momen)m(ta)e(for)g(jets)472 3906 y Fj(i)49 |
| | 41971 | b Fw(and)f Fj(j)6 b Fw(,)52 b(prop)s(erly)c(normalized.)89 |
| | 41972 | b(With)47 b(the)i(masses)g(kno)m(wn,)54 b(other)48 b |
| | 41973 | Fj(x)3343 3921 y Fh(ij)3452 3906 y Fw(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)472 |
| | 41974 | 4014 y(constructed)41 b(from)c(the)i Fj(x)1470 4029 y |
| | 41975 | Fh(i)1537 4014 y Fw(and)g Fj(x)1788 4029 y Fh(ij)1888 |
| | 41976 | 4014 y Fw(giv)m(en.)62 b(Note)38 b(that)h(not)f(all)f(com)m(binations)g |
| | 41977 | (of)h Fj(x)3751 4029 y Fh(i)472 4123 y Fw(and)33 b Fj(x)717 |
| | 41978 | 4138 y Fh(ij)811 4123 y Fw(are)f(inside)g(the)h(ph)m(ysically)f(allo)m |
| | 41979 | (w)m(ed)g(region.)0 4231 y Fo(Remark:)53 b Fw(the)38 |
| | 41980 | b(system)g(is)f(giv)m(en)g(in)f(the)i(c.m.)56 b(frame,)38 |
| | 41981 | b(with)e(the)i(\014rst)f(jet)h(going)d(out)i(in)f(the)i(+)p |
| | 41982 | Fj(z)472 4339 y Fw(direction)i(and)g(the)h(fourth)f(jet)g(lying)f(in)h |
| | 41983 | (the)g Fj(xz)t Fw(-plane)h(with)f Fj(p)2945 4354 y Fh(x)3030 |
| | 41984 | 4339 y Fj(>)g Fw(0.)67 b(The)41 b(second)472 4448 y(jet)j(will)e(ha)m |
| | 41985 | (v)m(e)j Fj(p)1108 4463 y Fh(y)1197 4448 y Fj(>)i Fw(0)c(and)h |
| | 41986 | Fj(p)1662 4463 y Fh(y)1751 4448 y Fj(<)j Fw(0)c(with)h(equal)g |
| | 41987 | (probabilit)m(y)-8 b(,)44 b(with)g(the)g(third)f(jet)472 |
| | 41988 | 4556 y(balancing)21 b(this)i Fj(p)1131 4571 y Fh(y)1195 |
| | 41989 | 4556 y Fw(\(this)f(corresp)s(onds)i(to)e(a)g(random)g(c)m(hoice)h(b)s |
| | 41990 | (et)m(w)m(een)i(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)g(p)s(ossible)472 4664 |
| | 41991 | y(stereoisomers\).)p 0 4814 1389 9 v 0 5039 9 225 v 79 |
| | 41992 | 4954 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUJOIN\(NJOIN,IJOIN\))p 1380 5039 |
| | 41993 | V 0 5047 1389 9 v 0 5179 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)30 |
| | 41994 | b(connect)i(a)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(previously)h(de\014ned)h |
| | 41995 | (partons)f(in)m(to)f(a)g(string)g(con\014guration.)472 |
| | 41996 | 5287 y(Initially)k(the)i(partons)h(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)h(giv)m(en)f(with)g |
| | 41997 | (status)h(co)s(des)g Fq(K\(I,1\)=)h Fw(1,)f(2)f(or)g(3.)54 |
| | 41998 | b(Af-)472 5396 y(terw)m(ards)31 b(the)f(partons)g(all)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j |
| | 41999 | (status)f(co)s(de)g(3,)g(i.e.)42 b(are)29 b(giv)m(en)h(with)f(full)f |
| | 42000 | (colour-\015o)m(w)472 5504 y(information.)62 b(Compared)39 |
| | 42001 | b(to)g(the)h(normal)e(w)m(a)m(y)j(of)e(de\014ning)g(a)g(parton)h |
| | 42002 | (system,)i(the)472 5612 y(partons)31 b(need)g(therefore)f(not)g(app)s |
| | 42003 | (ear)g(in)f(the)i(same)f(sequence)i(in)e(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record)e |
| | 42004 | (as)1817 5953 y(255)p eop |
| | 42005 | %%Page: 256 262 |
| | 42006 | 256 261 bop 472 -18 a Fw(they)35 b(are)e(assumed)h(to)g(do)f(along)f |
| | 42007 | (the)i(string.)45 b(It)34 b(is)f(also)f(p)s(ossible)h(to)g(call)f |
| | 42008 | Fq(LUSHOW)j Fw(for)472 90 y(all)c(or)h(some)h(of)f(the)h(en)m(tries)g |
| | 42009 | (making)e(up)i(the)g(string)f(formed)g(b)m(y)j Fq(LUJOIN)p |
| | 42010 | Fw(.)0 198 y Fq(NJOIN:)166 b Fw(the)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(en)m |
| | 42011 | (tries)g(that)f(are)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(joined)f(b)m(y)h(one)g(string.)0 |
| | 42012 | 307 y Fq(IJOIN:)166 b Fw(an)48 b(one-dimensional)d(arra)m(y)-8 |
| | 42013 | b(,)52 b(of)47 b(size)h(at)g(least)f Fq(NJOIN)p Fw(.)i(The)g |
| | 42014 | Fq(NJOIN)g Fw(\014rst)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)472 415 y(are)37 |
| | 42015 | b(the)h(p)s(ositions)d(of)h(the)i(partons)f(that)f(are)h(to)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 42016 | (joined,)g(giv)m(en)g(in)f(the)h(order)g(the)472 523 |
| | 42017 | y(partons)29 b(are)f(assumed)g(to)g(app)s(ear)g(along)e(the)j(string.) |
| | 42018 | 41 b(If)28 b(the)g(system)h(consists)g(en)m(tirely)472 |
| | 42019 | 632 y(of)k(gluons,)f(the)h(string)f(is)g(closed)g(b)m(y)i(connecting)f |
| | 42020 | (bac)m(k)g(the)g(last)f(to)g(the)h(\014rst)g(en)m(try)-8 |
| | 42021 | b(.)0 740 y Fo(Remarks:)47 b Fw(only)30 b(one)i(string)e(\(i.e.)42 |
| | 42022 | b(one)31 b(colour)f(singlet\))g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(de\014ned)i(p)s(er)e |
| | 42023 | (call,)e(but)i(one)g(is)g(at)472 848 y(lib)s(ert)m(y)f(to)g(use)h(an)m |
| | 42024 | (y)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)37 b Fq(LUJOIN)32 b Fw(calls)d(for)g(a)h(giv) |
| | 42025 | m(en)h(ev)m(en)m(t.)45 b(The)31 b(program)e(will)472 |
| | 42026 | 957 y(c)m(hec)m(k)41 b(that)e(the)g(parton)g(con\014guration)f(sp)s |
| | 42027 | (eci\014ed)h(mak)m(es)h(sense,)i(and)d(not)f(tak)m(e)i(an)m(y)472 |
| | 42028 | 1065 y(action)35 b(unless)i(it)e(do)s(es.)54 b(Note,)37 |
| | 42029 | b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)i(that)d(an)f(initially)d(sensible)k(parton)g |
| | 42030 | (con\014g-)472 1173 y(uration)31 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(ecome)g(nonsensical,)g |
| | 42031 | (if)f(only)g(some)h(of)g(the)g(partons)g(are)g(reconnected,)472 |
| | 42032 | 1282 y(while)g(the)h(others)g(are)g(left)f(unc)m(hanged.)p |
| | 42033 | 0 1426 1030 9 v 0 1645 9 220 v 79 1566 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUGIVE\(CHIN\))p |
| | 42034 | 1022 1645 V 0 1653 1030 9 v 0 1785 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c |
| | 42035 | Fw(to)53 b(set)i(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)54 b(of)f(an)m(y)i(v)-5 |
| | 42036 | b(ariable)52 b(residing)h(in)g(the)h(commmon)m(blo)s(c)m(ks)f |
| | 42037 | Fq(LUJETS)p Fw(,)472 1893 y Fq(LUDAT1)p Fw(,)39 b Fq(LUDAT2)p |
| | 42038 | Fw(,)g Fq(LUDAT3)p Fw(,)g Fq(LUDAT4)p Fw(,)g Fq(LUDATR)p |
| | 42039 | Fw(,)f Fq(PYSUBS)p Fw(,)g Fq(PYPARS)p Fw(,)g Fq(PYINT1)p |
| | 42040 | Fw(,)h Fq(PYINT2)p Fw(,)472 2002 y Fq(PYINT3)p Fw(,)29 |
| | 42041 | b Fq(PYINT4)p Fw(,)g Fq(PYINT5)p Fw(,)g Fq(PYINT6)p Fw(,)f(or)e |
| | 42042 | Fq(PYINT7)p Fw(.)43 b(This)26 b(is)f(done)h(in)f(a)g(more)h(con)m |
| | 42043 | (trolled)472 2110 y(fashion)32 b(than)f(b)m(y)i(directly)e(including)f |
| | 42044 | (the)j(common)d(blo)s(c)m(ks)i(in)f(the)i(user)g(program,)d(in)472 |
| | 42045 | 2219 y(that)43 b(arra)m(y)g(b)s(ounds)g(are)f(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)k(and)d |
| | 42046 | (the)g(old)e(and)i(new)h(v)-5 b(alues)42 b(for)g(the)h(v)-5 |
| | 42047 | b(ariable)472 2327 y(c)m(hanged)34 b(are)f(written)f(to)g(the)h(output) |
| | 42048 | g(for)f(reference.)0 2435 y Fq(CHIN)52 b(:)165 b Fw(c)m(haracter)37 |
| | 42049 | b(expression)g(of)e(length)g(at)g(most)g(100)g(c)m(haracters,)i(with)e |
| | 42050 | (requests)j(for)d(v)-5 b(ari-)472 2544 y(ables)33 b(to)f(b)s(e)h(c)m |
| | 42051 | (hanged,)h(stored)f(in)f(the)h(form)472 2652 y Fq |
| | 42052 | (variable1=value1;variab)q(le2=)q(valu)q(e2;v)q(ari)q(able)q(3=va)q |
| | 42053 | (lue3)q Fw(.)16 b(.)g(.)55 b(.)472 2760 y(Note)47 b(that)f(an)g |
| | 42054 | (arbitrary)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)f(instructions)g(can)h(b)s(e)f |
| | 42055 | (stored)h(in)e(one)i(call)e(if)472 2869 y(separated)j(b)m(y)g |
| | 42056 | (semicolons,)h(and)d(that)h(blanks)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(included)f(an)m |
| | 42057 | (yplace.)87 b(The)472 2977 y(v)-5 b(ariable)807 2992 |
| | 42058 | y Fh(i)868 2977 y Fw(ma)m(y)35 b(b)s(e)g(an)m(y)g(single)e(v)-5 |
| | 42059 | b(ariable)33 b(in)h(the)h Fm(Jetset/Pythia)f Fw(common)f(blo)s(c)m(ks,) |
| | 42060 | 472 3085 y(and)f(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)1048 3100 y Fh(i)1107 |
| | 42061 | 3085 y Fw(m)m(ust)32 b(b)s(e)f(of)g(the)h(correct)g(in)m(teger,)g(real) |
| | 42062 | f(or)g(c)m(haracter)h(\(without)f(extra)472 3194 y(quotes\))41 |
| | 42063 | b(t)m(yp)s(e.)64 b(Arra)m(y)39 b(indices)g(and)g(v)-5 |
| | 42064 | b(alues)39 b(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)h(giv)m(en)f(explicitly)-8 |
| | 42065 | b(,)39 b(i.e.)62 b(cannot)472 3302 y(b)s(e)39 b(v)-5 |
| | 42066 | b(ariables)37 b(in)g(their)h(o)m(wn)g(righ)m(t.)60 b(The)39 |
| | 42067 | b(exception)g(is)e(that)h(the)h(\014rst)f(index)h(can)f(b)s(e)472 |
| | 42068 | 3410 y(preceded)i(b)m(y)e(a)g Fq(C)p Fw(,)f(signifying)f(that)h(the)h |
| | 42069 | (index)g(should)f(b)s(e)h(translated)f(from)f(normal)472 |
| | 42070 | 3519 y(KF)h(to)g(compressed)h(K)m(C)g(co)s(de)f(with)g(a)f |
| | 42071 | Fq(LUCOMP)j Fw(call;)f(this)e(is)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(for)h(the)g |
| | 42072 | Fq(KCHG)p Fw(,)472 3627 y Fq(PMAS)p Fw(,)e Fq(MDCY)f |
| | 42073 | Fw(and)g Fq(CHAF)g Fw(arra)m(ys.)47 b(If)33 b(a)h(v)-5 |
| | 42074 | b(alue)2140 3642 y Fh(i)2201 3627 y Fw(is)33 b(omitted,)f(i.e.)45 |
| | 42075 | b(with)33 b(the)h(construction)472 3735 y Fq(variable=)p |
| | 42076 | Fw(,)39 b(the)d(curren)m(t)h(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(is)g(written)g(to)h(the)g |
| | 42077 | (output,)g(but)g(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(itself)472 |
| | 42078 | 3844 y(is)f(not)f(c)m(hanged.)0 3952 y Fo(Remark)37 b(:)47 |
| | 42079 | b Fw(The)d(c)m(hec)m(ks)h(on)e(arra)m(y)g(b)s(ounds)g(are)g(hardwired)g |
| | 42080 | (in)m(to)f(this)g(routine.)73 b(Therefore,)47 b(if)472 |
| | 42081 | 4060 y(some)36 b(user)h(c)m(hanges)g(arra)m(y)f(dimensions)f(and)h |
| | 42082 | Fq(MSTU\(3\))p Fw(,)i Fq(MSTU\(6\))g Fw(and/or)e Fq(MSTU\(7\))p |
| | 42083 | Fw(,)472 4169 y(as)27 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(b)m(y)i(other)f |
| | 42084 | (considerations,)i(these)f(c)m(hanges)g(will)d(not)i(b)s(e)h(kno)m(wn)g |
| | 42085 | (to)f Fq(LUGIVE)p Fw(.)472 4277 y(Normally)31 b(this)h(should)g(not)h |
| | 42086 | (b)s(e)f(a)h(problem,)e(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)0 4551 y Fp(14.2)136 |
| | 42087 | b(The)44 b(JETSET)h(Ph)l(ysics)g(Routines)0 4724 y Fw(The)f(ph)m(ysics) |
| | 42088 | g(routines)e(form)g(the)h(ma)5 b(jor)42 b(part)g(of)49 |
| | 42089 | b Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)c(but)e(once)g(the)g(initial)c(jet/particle)0 |
| | 42090 | 4832 y(con\014guration)29 b(has)h(b)s(een)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(and)g |
| | 42091 | (default)f(parameter)g(v)-5 b(alues)29 b(c)m(hanged,)i(if)e(so)g |
| | 42092 | (desired,)i(only)0 4940 y(a)24 b Fq(LUEXEC)j Fw(call)c(is)h(necessary)j |
| | 42093 | (to)e(sim)m(ulate)e(the)i(whole)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(and)h(deca)m(y)j |
| | 42094 | (c)m(hain.)40 b(Therefore)0 5049 y(a)29 b(normal)e(user)j(will)d(not)h |
| | 42095 | (directly)h(see)h(an)m(y)g(of)e(the)i(other)f(routines)g(in)f(this)h |
| | 42096 | (section.)43 b(Some)28 b(of)h(them)0 5157 y(could)j(b)s(e)h(called)e |
| | 42097 | (directly)-8 b(,)32 b(but)h(the)g(danger)g(of)f(fault)m(y)g(usage)h(is) |
| | 42098 | f(then)h(non-negligible.)146 5265 y(The)25 b Fq(LUTAUD)g |
| | 42099 | Fw(routine)f(pro)m(vides)g(an)g(optional)d(in)m(terface)j(to)f(an)h |
| | 42100 | (external)g Fj(\034)35 b Fw(deca)m(y)25 b(library)-8 |
| | 42101 | b(,)24 b(where)0 5374 y(p)s(olarization)30 b(e\013ects)k(could)f(b)s(e) |
| | 42102 | h(included.)45 b(It)33 b(is)g(up)g(to)g(the)h(user)g(to)f(write)g(the)g |
| | 42103 | (appropriate)g(calls,)0 5482 y(as)g(explained)f(at)g(the)h(end)h(of)e |
| | 42104 | (this)g(section.)1817 5953 y(256)p eop |
| | 42105 | %%Page: 257 263 |
| | 42106 | 257 262 bop 0 -110 723 9 v 0 93 9 203 v 79 22 a Fq(CALL)52 |
| | 42107 | b(LUEXEC)p 714 93 V 0 101 723 9 v 0 233 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c |
| | 42108 | Fw(to)25 b(administrate)f(the)j(fragmen)m(tation)d(and)i(deca)m(y)h(c)m |
| | 42109 | (hain.)41 b Fq(LUEXEC)28 b Fw(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(called)f(sev-)472 |
| | 42110 | 341 y(eral)36 b(times,)h(but)g(only)g(en)m(tries)g(whic)m(h)g(ha)m(v)m |
| | 42111 | (e)h(not)f(y)m(et)h(b)s(een)f(treated)g(\(more)f(precisely)-8 |
| | 42112 | b(,)472 449 y(whic)m(h)34 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(1)29 b Fn(\024)p |
| | 42113 | Fq(K\(I,1\))p Fn(\024)i Fw(10\))h(can)i(b)s(e)f(a\013ected)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 42114 | (further)f(calls.)44 b(This)33 b(ma)m(y)g(apply)472 558 |
| | 42115 | y(if)38 b(more)f(jets/particles)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f(added)g(b)m(y) |
| | 42116 | h(the)f(user,)h(or)f(if)e(particles)g(previously)472 |
| | 42117 | 666 y(considered)27 b(stable)e(are)g(no)m(w)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(to)h |
| | 42118 | (deca)m(y)-8 b(.)43 b(The)26 b(actions)f(that)g(will)e(b)s(e)i(tak)m |
| | 42119 | (en)i(dur-)472 774 y(ing)k(a)h Fq(LUEXEC)i Fw(call)c(can)i(b)s(e)g |
| | 42120 | (tailored)f(extensiv)m(ely)i(via)e(the)i Fq(LUDAT1)p |
| | 42121 | Fw({)p Fq(LUDAT3)i Fw(common)472 883 y(blo)s(c)m(ks,)e(in)f(particular) |
| | 42122 | f(b)m(y)j(setting)e(the)h Fq(MSTJ)g Fw(v)-5 b(alues)33 |
| | 42123 | b(suitably)-8 b(.)0 1070 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUPREP\(IP\))g(:)47 |
| | 42124 | b Fw(to)62 b(rearrange)f(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(er)j(end)e(pro)s(ducts)g |
| | 42125 | (\(mark)m(ed)g(with)472 1179 y Fq(K\(I,1\)=3)p Fw(\))38 |
| | 42126 | b(sequen)m(tially)d(along)f(strings;)i(also)f(to)g(\(optionally\))d |
| | 42127 | (allo)m(w)i(small)f(jet)j(sys-)472 1287 y(tems)f(to)g(collapse)f(in)m |
| | 42128 | (to)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(particles)f(or)g(one)h(only)-8 b(,)35 |
| | 42129 | b(in)f(the)i(latter)d(case)j(with)e(energy)472 1395 y(and)j(momen)m |
| | 42130 | (tum)d(to)i(b)s(e)h(sh)m(u\017ed)h(elsewhere)g(in)d(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t;) |
| | 42131 | j(also)35 b(to)h(p)s(erform)f(c)m(hec)m(ks)472 1504 y(that)e(e.g.)43 |
| | 42132 | b(\015a)m(v)m(ours)34 b(of)f(colour-singlet)d(systems)k(mak)m(e)e |
| | 42133 | (sense.)0 1612 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUSTRF\(IP\))g(:)47 |
| | 42134 | b Fw(to)35 b(generate)g(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)d(of)h(an)h(arbitrary)f |
| | 42135 | (colour-singlet)472 1720 y(jet)43 b(system)g(according)e(to)h(the)g |
| | 42136 | (Lund)h(string)e(fragmen)m(tation)f(mo)s(del.)70 b(In)43 |
| | 42137 | b(man)m(y)f(re-)472 1829 y(sp)s(ects,)35 b(this)d(routine)g(is)g(the)h |
| | 42138 | (v)m(ery)h(heart)f(and)f(soul)g(of)39 b Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)0 |
| | 42139 | 1937 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUINDF\(IP\))g(:)47 b Fw(to)h(handle)g(the)g |
| | 42140 | (fragmen)m(tation)e(of)h(a)h(jet)g(system)h(according)e(to)472 |
| | 42141 | 2045 y(indep)s(enden)m(t)h(fragmen)m(tation)c(mo)s(dels,)k(and)e |
| | 42142 | (implemen)m(t)e(energy)-8 b(,)51 b(momen)m(tum)44 b(and)472 |
| | 42143 | 2154 y(\015a)m(v)m(our)36 b(conserv)-5 b(ation,)34 b(if)g(so)g |
| | 42144 | (desired.)50 b(Also)33 b(the)i(fragmen)m(tation)d(of)i(a)g(single)g |
| | 42145 | (jet,)h(not)472 2262 y(b)s(elonging)21 b(to)h(a)g(jet)h(system,)j(is)c |
| | 42146 | (considered)h(here)g(\(this)f(is)g(of)g(course)i(ph)m(ysical)e |
| | 42147 | (nonsense,)472 2370 y(but)33 b(ma)m(y)g(sometimes)e(b)s(e)i(con)m(v)m |
| | 42148 | (enien)m(t)h(for)e(sp)s(eci\014c)i(tasks\).)0 2479 y |
| | 42149 | Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUDECY\(IP\))g(:)47 b Fw(to)39 b(p)s(erform)f(a)h |
| | 42150 | (particle)f(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)42 b(according)d(to)g(kno)m(wn)i(branc)m |
| | 42151 | (hing)472 2587 y(ratios)32 b(or)h(di\013eren)m(t)f(kinds)i(of)e(mo)s |
| | 42152 | (dels,)g(dep)s(ending)h(on)f(our)h(lev)m(el)f(of)g(kno)m(wledge.)45 |
| | 42153 | b(V)-8 b(ar-)472 2695 y(ious)33 b(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)h(are)h |
| | 42154 | (included)f(for)g(sp)s(eci\014c)h(pro)s(cesses.)0 2804 |
| | 42155 | y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUKFDI\(KFL1,KFL2,KFL3,KF\))k(:)47 |
| | 42156 | b Fw(to)25 b(generate)h(a)g(new)g(quark)g(or)f(diquark)h(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 42157 | (our)472 2912 y(and)33 b(to)f(com)m(bine)g(it)g(with)g(an)h(existing)f |
| | 42158 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)h(to)f(giv)m(e)h(a)f(hadron.)236 3020 |
| | 42159 | y Fq(KFL1:)218 b Fw(incoming)30 b(\015a)m(v)m(our.)236 |
| | 42160 | 3129 y Fq(KFL2:)218 b Fw(extra)44 b(incoming)e(\015a)m(v)m(our,)47 |
| | 42161 | b(e.g.)78 b(for)43 b(formation)f(of)h(\014nal)g(particle,)j(where)f |
| | 42162 | (the)709 3237 y(\015a)m(v)m(ours)34 b(are)e(completely)g(sp)s |
| | 42163 | (eci\014ed.)44 b(Is)33 b(normally)d(0.)236 3345 y Fq(KFL3:)218 |
| | 42164 | b Fw(newly)33 b(created)g(\015a)m(v)m(our;)h(is)e(0)g(if)38 |
| | 42165 | b Fq(KFL2)c Fw(is)e(non-zero.)236 3454 y Fq(KF:)320 b |
| | 42166 | Fw(pro)s(duced)36 b(hadron.)52 b(Is)36 b(0)f(if)f(something)h(w)m(en)m |
| | 42167 | (t)h(wrong)g(\(e.g.)52 b(inconsisten)m(t)36 b(com-)709 |
| | 42168 | 3562 y(bination)30 b(of)j(incoming)d(\015a)m(v)m(ours\).)0 |
| | 42169 | 3670 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUPTDI\(KFL,PX,PY\))i(:)47 |
| | 42170 | b Fw(to)g(giv)m(e)g(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum,)f(e.g.)88 |
| | 42171 | b(for)46 b(a)h(q)p 3512 3618 52 4 v(q)i(pair)472 3779 |
| | 42172 | y(created)31 b(in)e(the)h(colour)f(\014eld,)h(according)f(to)g(indep)s |
| | 42173 | (enden)m(t)i(Gaussian)e(distributions)f(in)472 3887 y |
| | 42174 | Fj(p)521 3902 y Fh(x)598 3887 y Fw(and)k Fj(p)836 3902 |
| | 42175 | y Fh(y)878 3887 y Fw(.)0 3996 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b |
| | 42176 | (LUZDIS\(KFL1,KFL3,PR,Z\))j(:)48 b Fw(to)29 b(generate)h(the)g |
| | 42177 | (longitudinal)c(scaling)j(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b Fj(z)472 |
| | 42178 | 4104 y Fw(in)39 b(jet)h(fragmen)m(tation,)f(either)h(according)f(to)g |
| | 42179 | (the)h(Lund)g(symmetric)e(fragmen)m(tation)472 4212 y(function,)33 |
| | 42180 | b(or)f(according)g(to)g(a)g(c)m(hoice)h(of)f(other)h(shap)s(es.)0 |
| | 42181 | 4321 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUBOEI)f(:)47 b Fw(to)31 b(include)f |
| | 42182 | (Bose{Einstein)g(e\013ects)i(according)e(to)g(a)h(simple)e(parametri-) |
| | 42183 | 472 4429 y(zation.)65 b(By)41 b(default,)g(this)f(routine)g(is)f(not)h |
| | 42184 | (called.)65 b(If)40 b(called)f(from)g Fq(LUEXEC)p Fw(,)i(this)f(is)472 |
| | 42185 | 4537 y(done)f(after)f(the)g(deca)m(y)i(of)d(short-liv)m(ed)h |
| | 42186 | (resonances,)j(but)d(b)s(efore)h(the)f(deca)m(y)i(of)d(long-)472 |
| | 42187 | 4646 y(liv)m(ed)30 b(ones.)44 b(This)30 b(means)g(the)h(routine)f |
| | 42188 | (should)g(nev)m(er)i(b)s(e)e(called)f(directly)h(b)m(y)h(y)m(ou,)h(nor) |
| | 42189 | 472 4754 y(w)m(ould)j(e\013ects)h(b)s(e)f(correctly)g(sim)m(ulated)e |
| | 42190 | (if)h(deca)m(ys)j(are)d(switc)m(hed)i(o\013.)50 b(See)35 |
| | 42191 | b Fq(MSTJ\(51\))472 4862 y(-)52 b(MSTJ\(52\))35 b Fw(for)d(switc)m |
| | 42192 | (hing)g(on)h(the)g(routine.)0 4971 y Fq(FUNCTION)53 b(ULMASS\(KF\))h(:) |
| | 42193 | 48 b Fw(to)32 b(giv)m(e)h(the)g(mass)f(for)g(a)g(parton/particle.)0 |
| | 42194 | 5079 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LUNAME\(KF,CHAU\))h(:)48 b |
| | 42195 | Fw(to)38 b(giv)m(e)g(the)h(parton/particle)d(name)i(\(as)h(a)f(string)g |
| | 42196 | (of)g(t)m(yp)s(e)472 5187 y Fq(CHARACTER)54 b(CHAU*16)p |
| | 42197 | Fw(\).)0 5296 y Fq(FUNCTION)f(LUCHGE\(KF\))h(:)48 b Fw(to)32 |
| | 42198 | b(giv)m(e)h(three)g(times)f(the)h(c)m(harge)g(for)f(a)g |
| | 42199 | (parton/particle.)0 5404 y Fq(FUNCTION)53 b(LUCOMP\(KF\))h(:)48 |
| | 42200 | b Fw(to)26 b(giv)m(e)h(the)h(compressed)g(parton/particle)d(co)s(de)i |
| | 42201 | (K)m(C)h(for)e(a)h(giv)m(en)g(KF)472 5512 y(co)s(de,)38 |
| | 42202 | b(as)e(required)h(to)f(\014nd)h(en)m(try)g(in)m(to)e(mass)h(and)h(deca) |
| | 42203 | m(y)g(data)f(tables.)54 b(Also)36 b(c)m(hec)m(ks)472 |
| | 42204 | 5621 y(whether)48 b(the)e(giv)m(en)g(KF)f(co)s(de)h(is)f(actually)f(an) |
| | 42205 | i(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(one)h(\(i.e.)82 b(kno)m(wn)47 b(b)m(y)g(the)1817 |
| | 42206 | 5953 y(257)p eop |
| | 42207 | %%Page: 258 264 |
| | 42208 | 258 263 bop 472 -18 a Fw(program\),)42 b(and)e(returns)i(0)e(if)f(not.) |
| | 42209 | 67 b(Note)41 b(that)f(KF)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(p)s(ositiv)m(e)f(or)g |
| | 42210 | (negativ)m(e,)472 90 y(while)32 b(the)h(resulting)f(K)m(C)h(co)s(de)g |
| | 42211 | (is)f(nev)m(er)i(negativ)m(e.)0 198 y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 |
| | 42212 | b(LUERRM\(MERR,MESSAG\))i(:)48 b Fw(to)22 b(k)m(eep)j(trac)m(k)e(of)f |
| | 42213 | (the)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)f(errors)h(and)g(w)m(arnings)472 |
| | 42214 | 307 y(encoun)m(tered,)33 b(write)c(out)g(information)d(on)j(them,)h |
| | 42215 | (and)g(ab)s(ort)e(the)i(program)e(in)h(case)h(of)472 |
| | 42216 | 415 y(to)s(o)i(man)m(y)h(errors.)0 523 y Fq(FUNCTION)53 |
| | 42217 | b(ULANGL\(X,Y\))i(:)47 b Fw(to)32 b(calculate)g(the)h(angle)e(from)h |
| | 42218 | (the)h Fj(x)g Fw(and)f Fj(y)k Fw(co)s(ordinates.)0 632 |
| | 42219 | y Fq(SUBROUTINE)54 b(LULOGO)f(:)47 b Fw(to)27 b(write)f(a)h(titlepage)e |
| | 42220 | (for)i(the)g Fm(Jetset/Pythia)f Fw(programs.)41 b(Called)26 |
| | 42221 | b(b)m(y)472 740 y(LULIST\(0\).)0 848 y Fq(BLOCK)53 b(DATA)f(LUDATA)h(:) |
| | 42222 | 47 b Fw(to)24 b(giv)m(e)g(default)f(v)-5 b(alues)23 b(for)h(v)-5 |
| | 42223 | b(ariables)22 b(in)h(the)h Fq(LUDAT1)p Fw(,)k Fq(LUDAT2)p |
| | 42224 | Fw(,)f Fq(LUDAT3)p Fw(,)472 957 y Fq(LUDAT4)35 b Fw(and)d |
| | 42225 | Fq(LUDATR)i Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m(ks.)p 0 1106 2056 9 |
| | 42226 | v 0 1331 9 225 v 79 1247 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUTAUD\(ITAU,IORIG,KFORI)q |
| | 42227 | (G,ND)q(ECAY)q(\))p 2047 1331 V 0 1339 2056 9 v 0 1471 |
| | 42228 | a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)31 b(act)h(as)g(an)g(in)m(terface)g(b)s(et)m |
| | 42229 | (w)m(een)i(the)e(standard)g(deca)m(y)i(routine)d Fq(LUDECY)i |
| | 42230 | Fw(and)f(a)g(user-)472 1580 y(supplied)i Fj(\034)45 b |
| | 42231 | Fw(lepton)34 b(deca)m(y)h(library)-8 b(.)46 b(The)35 |
| | 42232 | b(latter)e(library)f(w)m(ould)i(normally)e(kno)m(w)j(ho)m(w)472 |
| | 42233 | 1688 y(to)i(handle)g(p)s(olarized)f Fj(\034)11 b Fw('s,)39 |
| | 42234 | b(giv)m(en)e(the)h Fj(\034)48 b Fw(p)s(olarization)34 |
| | 42235 | b(as)j(input,)h(so)f(one)h(task)f(of)g(the)472 1796 y(in)m(terface)e |
| | 42236 | (routine)f(is)g(to)g(construct)i(the)f Fj(\034)46 b Fw(p)s |
| | 42237 | (olarization/helicit)m(y)30 b(from)j(the)i(informa-)472 |
| | 42238 | 1905 y(tion)45 b(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)79 b(Input)47 b(to)e(the)h |
| | 42239 | (routine)e(\(from)h Fq(LUDECY)p Fw(\))i(is)d(pro)m(vided)i(in)f(the)h |
| | 42240 | (\014rst)472 2013 y(three)36 b(argumen)m(ts,)g(while)f(the)g(last)g |
| | 42241 | (argumen)m(t)g(and)g(some)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record)f(information)472 |
| | 42242 | 2121 y(ha)m(v)m(e)41 b(to)d(b)s(e)h(set)h(b)s(efore)f(return.)63 |
| | 42243 | b(T)-8 b(o)39 b(use)g(this)g(facilit)m(y)e(y)m(ou)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f |
| | 42244 | (set)g(the)h(switc)m(h)472 2230 y Fq(MSTJ\(28\))p Fw(,)45 |
| | 42245 | b(include)39 b(y)m(our)i(o)m(wn)g(in)m(terface)f(routine)g |
| | 42246 | Fq(LUTAUD)h Fw(and)g(see)g(to)f(it)f(that)h(the)472 2338 |
| | 42247 | y(dumm)m(y)33 b(routine)f Fq(LUTAUD)i Fw(in)e Fm(Jetset)g |
| | 42248 | Fw(is)g(not)g(link)m(ed.)44 b(The)33 b(dumm)m(y)g(routine)f(is)g(there) |
| | 42249 | 472 2446 y(only)d(to)g(a)m(v)m(oid)g(unresolv)m(ed)h(external)g |
| | 42250 | (references)h(when)f(no)f(user-supplied)h(in)m(terface)f(is)472 |
| | 42251 | 2555 y(link)m(ed.)0 2663 y Fq(ITAU)52 b(:)165 b Fw(line)38 |
| | 42252 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(in)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record)f(where)h(the)f |
| | 42253 | Fj(\034)50 b Fw(is)38 b(stored.)61 b(The)40 b(four-momen)m(tum)472 |
| | 42254 | 2771 y(of)32 b(this)f Fj(\034)43 b Fw(has)33 b(\014rst)f(b)s(een)g(b)s |
| | 42255 | (o)s(osted)g(bac)m(k)h(to)f(the)g(rest)g(frame)f(of)h(the)g(deca)m |
| | 42256 | (ying)g(mother)472 2880 y(and)43 b(thereafter)g(rotated)f(to)h(mo)m(v)m |
| | 42257 | (e)f(out)h(along)e(the)i(+)p Fj(z)k Fw(axis.)73 b(It)42 |
| | 42258 | b(w)m(ould)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)472 2988 y(p)s(ossible)f(to)g(also)g |
| | 42259 | (p)s(erform)f(a)i(\014nal)e(b)s(o)s(ost)h(to)h(the)f(rest)i(frame)d(of) |
| | 42260 | h(the)h Fj(\034)55 b Fw(itself,)45 b(but)472 3096 y(this)e(has)g(b)s |
| | 42261 | (een)h(a)m(v)m(oided)f(so)g(as)g(not)g(to)g(suppress)i(the)e |
| | 42262 | (kinematics)f(asp)s(ect)i(of)e(close-)472 3205 y(to-threshold)e(pro)s |
| | 42263 | (duction)g(\(e.g.)68 b(in)40 b(B)g(deca)m(ys\))j(vs.)68 |
| | 42264 | b(high-energy)40 b(pro)s(duction)g(\(e.g.)472 3313 y(in)k(real)g(W)i |
| | 42265 | (deca)m(ys\).)81 b(The)46 b(c)m(hoice)f(of)f(frame)g(should)g(help)h |
| | 42266 | (the)g(calculation)d(of)i(the)472 3421 y(helicit)m(y)31 |
| | 42267 | b(con\014guration.)42 b(After)32 b(the)g Fq(LUTAUD)h |
| | 42268 | Fw(call)d(the)i Fj(\034)43 b Fw(and)31 b(its)h(deca)m(y)g(pro)s(ducts)h |
| | 42269 | (will)472 3530 y(automatically)40 b(b)s(e)j(rotated)g(and)g(b)s(o)s |
| | 42270 | (osted)g(bac)m(k.)76 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)48 b(seemingly)-8 |
| | 42271 | b(,)44 b(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)472 3638 y(record)34 b(do)s(es)f(not)f |
| | 42272 | (conserv)m(e)j(momen)m(tum)c(at)h(this)g(in)m(termediate)g(stage.)0 |
| | 42273 | 3746 y Fq(IORIG)53 b(:)113 b Fw(line)30 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(where)h |
| | 42274 | (the)e(mother)g(particle)f(to)h(the)h Fj(\034)43 b Fw(is)31 |
| | 42275 | b(stored.)43 b(Is)32 b(0)f(if)f(the)i(mother)f(is)472 |
| | 42276 | 3855 y(not)g(stored.)43 b(This)31 b(do)s(es)g(not)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e |
| | 42277 | (mean)g(the)h(mother)f(is)g(unkno)m(wn.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)30 |
| | 42278 | b(instance,)472 3963 y(in)44 b(semileptonic)f(B)i(deca)m(ys)h(the)g |
| | 42279 | (mother)e(is)g(a)g(W)2437 3927 y Fk(\006)2541 3963 y |
| | 42280 | Fw(with)h(kno)m(wn)h(four-momen)m(tum)472 4071 y Fj(p)521 |
| | 42281 | 4086 y Fl(W)627 4071 y Fw(=)27 b Fj(p)779 4086 y Fh(\034)836 |
| | 42282 | 4071 y Fw(+)14 b Fj(p)975 4086 y Fh(\027)1010 4094 y |
| | 42283 | Fe(\034)1053 4071 y Fw(,)29 b(but)g(there)g(is)g(no)f(W)i(line)e(in)f |
| | 42284 | (the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record.)42 b(When)30 b(sev)m(eral)f(copies)472 |
| | 42285 | 4180 y(of)40 b(the)h(mother)f(is)g(stored)h(\(e.g.)66 |
| | 42286 | b(one)41 b(in)f(the)g(do)s(cumen)m(tation)g(section)g(of)g(the)h(ev)m |
| | 42287 | (en)m(t)472 4288 y(record)33 b(and)f(one)h(in)e(the)i(main)d |
| | 42288 | (section\),)j Fq(IORIG)g Fw(p)s(oin)m(ts)f(to)g(the)g(last.)43 |
| | 42289 | b(If)32 b(a)g(branc)m(hings)472 4396 y(lik)m(e)f Fj(\034)39 |
| | 42290 | b Fn(!)28 b Fj(\034)11 b(\015)36 b Fw(o)s(ccurs,)d(the)f(`grandmother') |
| | 42291 | f(is)g(giv)m(en,)h(i.e.)42 b(the)32 b(mother)f(of)g(the)h(direct)f |
| | 42292 | Fj(\034)472 4505 y Fw(b)s(efore)i(branc)m(hing.)0 4613 |
| | 42293 | y Fq(KFORIG)53 b(:)62 b Fw(\015a)m(v)m(our)24 b(co)s(de)g(for)e(the)h |
| | 42294 | (mother)g(particle.)39 b(Is)23 b(0)g(if)f(the)h(mother)g(is)f(unkno)m |
| | 42295 | (wn.)42 b(The)24 b(mother)472 4721 y(w)m(ould)32 b(t)m(ypically)e(b)s |
| | 42296 | (e)h(a)g(resonance)i(suc)m(h)g(as)e Fj(\015)2201 4685 |
| | 42297 | y Fk(\003)2241 4721 y Fj(=)p Fw(Z)2350 4685 y Fl(0)2420 |
| | 42298 | 4721 y Fw(\(23\),)g(W)2753 4685 y Fk(\006)2844 4721 y |
| | 42299 | Fw(\()p Fn(\006)p Fw(24\),)g(H)3226 4685 y Fl(0)3297 |
| | 42300 | 4721 y Fw(\(25\),)g(or)g(H)3720 4685 y Fk(\006)472 4830 |
| | 42301 | y Fw(\()p Fn(\006)p Fw(37\).)49 b(Often)34 b(the)h(helicit)m(y)e(c)m |
| | 42302 | (hoice)i(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)h(clear)e(just)i(b)m(y)g(the)g(kno)m(wledge)g |
| | 42303 | (of)f(this)472 4938 y(mother)j(sp)s(ecies,)h(e.g.,)h(W)1481 |
| | 42304 | 4902 y Fk(\006)1577 4938 y Fw(vs.)57 b(H)1823 4902 y |
| | 42305 | Fk(\006)1882 4938 y Fw(.)f(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)40 b(sometimes)c(further)h |
| | 42306 | (complications)472 5046 y(ma)m(y)c(exist.)45 b(F)-8 b(or)33 |
| | 42307 | b(instance,)g(the)h(KF)e(co)s(de)h(23)g(represen)m(ts)i(a)e(mixture)f |
| | 42308 | (of)h Fj(\015)3309 5010 y Fk(\003)3381 5046 y Fw(and)g(Z)3631 |
| | 42309 | 5010 y Fl(0)3670 5046 y Fw(;)h(a)472 5155 y(kno)m(wledge)25 |
| | 42310 | b(of)e(the)i(mother)e(mass)g(\(in)g Fq(P\(IORIG,5\))p |
| | 42311 | Fw(\))k(w)m(ould)c(here)i(b)s(e)f(required)g(to)f(mak)m(e)472 |
| | 42312 | 5263 y(the)39 b(c)m(hoice)f(of)g(helicities.)58 b(F)-8 |
| | 42313 | b(urther,)40 b(a)d(W)2089 5227 y Fk(\006)2187 5263 y |
| | 42314 | Fw(or)h(Z)2372 5227 y Fl(0)2449 5263 y Fw(ma)m(y)g(either)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 42315 | (\(predominan)m(tly\))472 5372 y(transv)m(erse)d(or)d(longitudinal,)d |
| | 42316 | (dep)s(ending)k(on)g(the)g(pro)s(duction)f(pro)s(cess)h(under)h(study) |
| | 42317 | -8 b(.)0 5480 y Fq(NDECAY)53 b(:)62 b Fw(the)30 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of) |
| | 42318 | g(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(ducts)g(of)e(the)h Fj(\034)11 b Fw(;)31 |
| | 42319 | b(to)e(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(user.)43 b(Y)-8 |
| | 42320 | b(ou)29 b(m)m(ust)g(also)472 5588 y(store)40 b(the)f(KF)f(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 42321 | (our)i(co)s(des)f(of)f(those)i(deca)m(y)g(pro)s(ducts)f(in)f(the)h(p)s |
| | 42322 | (ositions)f Fq(K\(I,2\))p Fw(,)1817 5953 y(258)p eop |
| | 42323 | %%Page: 259 265 |
| | 42324 | 259 264 bop 472 -18 a Fq(N+1)p Fn(\024)p Fq(I)p Fn(\024)p |
| | 42325 | Fq(N+NDECAY)p Fw(,)50 b(of)c(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record.)84 |
| | 42326 | b(The)46 b(corresp)s(onding)g(\014v)m(e-momen)m(tum)472 |
| | 42327 | 90 y(\(momen)m(tum,)51 b(energy)f(and)e(mass\))h(should)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 42328 | (stored)h(in)f(the)h(asso)s(ciated)f Fq(P\(I,J\))472 |
| | 42329 | 198 y Fw(p)s(ositions,)f(1)p Fn(\024)p Fq(J)p Fn(\024)p |
| | 42330 | Fw(5.)79 b(The)46 b(four-momen)m(ta)c(are)j(exp)s(ected)h(to)e(add)h |
| | 42331 | (up)f(to)g(the)h(four-)472 307 y(momen)m(tum)38 b(of)g(the)h |
| | 42332 | Fj(\034)49 b Fw(in)38 b(p)s(osition)f Fq(ITAU)p Fw(.)j(Y)-8 |
| | 42333 | b(ou)38 b(should)g(not)h(c)m(hange)g(the)g Fq(N)g Fw(v)-5 |
| | 42334 | b(alue)38 b(or)472 415 y(an)m(y)i(of)e(the)i(other)f |
| | 42335 | Fq(K)g Fw(or)f Fq(V)h Fw(v)-5 b(alues)39 b(\(neither)g(for)f(the)i |
| | 42336 | Fj(\034)50 b Fw(nor)39 b(for)f(its)h(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(ducts\))472 |
| | 42337 | 523 y(since)33 b(this)g(is)f(automatically)d(done)k(in)f |
| | 42338 | Fq(LUDECY)p Fw(.)0 797 y Fp(14.3)136 b(Ev)l(en)l(t)46 |
| | 42339 | b(Study)e(and)h(Data)h(Listing)f(Routines)0 970 y Fw(After)d(an)f |
| | 42340 | Fq(LUEXEC)i Fw(call,)f(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generated)f(is)f(stored)h |
| | 42341 | (in)f(the)h Fq(LUJETS)h Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k,)j(and)0 |
| | 42342 | 1078 y(whatev)m(er)k(ph)m(ysical)f(v)-5 b(ariable)43 |
| | 42343 | b(is)i(desired)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(constructed)j(from)c(this)h(record.) |
| | 42344 | 83 b(An)46 b(ev)m(en)m(t)0 1187 y(ma)m(y)35 b(b)s(e)h(rotated,)h(b)s(o) |
| | 42345 | s(osted)f(or)f(listed,)h(and)f(particle)g(data)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g |
| | 42346 | (listed)e(or)i(mo)s(di\014ed.)51 b(Via)35 b(the)0 1295 |
| | 42347 | y(functions)29 b Fq(KLU)h Fw(and)f Fq(PLU)g Fw(the)h(v)-5 |
| | 42348 | b(alues)28 b(of)h(some)g(frequen)m(tly)h(app)s(earing)e(v)-5 |
| | 42349 | b(ariables)27 b(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)g(obtained)0 1403 y(more)f(easily)-8 |
| | 42350 | b(.)42 b(As)30 b(describ)s(ed)f(in)g(section)g(15.4,)g(also)f(more)h |
| | 42351 | (detailed)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(shap)s(e)f(analyses)f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)0 |
| | 42352 | 1512 y(p)s(erformed)j(simply)-8 b(.)p 0 1656 1799 9 v |
| | 42353 | 0 1881 9 225 v 79 1796 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUROBO\(THE,PHI,BEX,BEY,)q(BEZ\)) |
| | 42354 | p 1791 1881 V 0 1889 1799 9 v 0 2026 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c |
| | 42355 | Fw(to)39 b(p)s(erform)f(rotations)g(and)i(Loren)m(tz)g(b)s(o)s(osts)g |
| | 42356 | (\(in)e(that)h(order,)j(if)c(b)s(oth)h(in)g(the)h(same)472 |
| | 42357 | 2134 y(call\))31 b(of)h(jet/particle)f(momen)m(ta)h(and)h(v)m(ertex)h |
| | 42358 | (p)s(osition)d(v)-5 b(ariables.)0 2243 y Fq(THE,)52 b(PHI)g(:)c |
| | 42359 | Fw(standard)28 b(p)s(olar)e(co)s(ordinates)g Fj(\022)s(;)17 |
| | 42360 | b(')p Fw(,)29 b(giving)d(the)h(rotated)h(direction)e(of)h(a)g(momen)m |
| | 42361 | (tum)472 2351 y(v)m(ector)34 b(initially)28 b(along)k(the)h(+)p |
| | 42362 | Fj(z)k Fw(axis.)0 2459 y Fq(BEX,)52 b(BEY,)h(BEZ)f(:)47 |
| | 42363 | b Fw(giv)m(es)33 b(the)g(direction)f(and)g(size)h Fb(\014)j |
| | 42364 | Fw(of)c(a)g(Loren)m(tz)h(b)s(o)s(ost,)f(suc)m(h)i(that)f(a)f(particle) |
| | 42365 | 472 2568 y(initially)d(at)j(rest)h(will)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 42366 | Fo(p)p Fj(=E)h Fw(=)p Fb(\014)i Fw(afterw)m(ards.)0 2676 |
| | 42367 | y Fo(Remark:)53 b Fw(all)40 b(en)m(tries)i(1)f(through)g |
| | 42368 | Fq(N)h Fw(are)f(a\013ected)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(transformation,)g(unless)g |
| | 42369 | (lo)m(w)m(er)f(and)472 2785 y(upp)s(er)35 b(b)s(ounds)h(are)e |
| | 42370 | (explicitly)f(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)j Fq(MSTU\(1\))f Fw(and)f |
| | 42371 | Fq(MSTU\(2\))p Fw(,)i(or)d(if)f(status)i(co)s(de)472 |
| | 42372 | 2893 y Fq(K\(I,1\))p Fn(\024)30 b Fw(0.)p 0 3032 2415 |
| | 42373 | 9 v 0 3256 9 225 v 79 3172 a Fq(ENTRY)53 b(LUDBRB\(IMI,IMA,THE,PHI,DBE) |
| | 42374 | q(X,DB)q(EY,)q(DBEZ)q(\))p 2406 3256 V 0 3264 2415 9 |
| | 42375 | v 0 3402 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)39 b(p)s(erform)f(rotations)g(and) |
| | 42376 | i(Loren)m(tz)g(b)s(o)s(osts)g(\(in)e(that)h(order,)j(if)c(b)s(oth)h(in) |
| | 42377 | g(the)h(same)472 3510 y(call\))27 b(of)g(jet/particle)g(momen)m(ta)g |
| | 42378 | (and)h(v)m(ertex)i(p)s(osition)c(v)-5 b(ariables,)28 |
| | 42379 | b(for)f(a)h(sp)s(eci\014c)g(range)472 3619 y(of)42 b(en)m(tries,)j(and) |
| | 42380 | d(with)f(the)i(b)s(o)s(ost)e(v)m(ector)i(giv)m(en)f(in)g(double)f |
| | 42381 | (precision.)71 b(Is)43 b(en)m(try)g(to)472 3727 y Fq(LUROBO)p |
| | 42382 | Fw(,)35 b(mainly)30 b(in)m(tended)j(for)f(in)m(ternal)g(use.)0 |
| | 42383 | 3835 y Fq(IMI,)52 b(IMA)g(:)c Fw(range)32 b(of)h(en)m(tries)g |
| | 42384 | (a\013ected)g(b)m(y)h(transformation,)c Fq(IMI)p Fn(\024)p |
| | 42385 | Fq(I)p Fn(\024)p Fq(IMA)p Fw(.)0 3944 y Fq(THE,)52 b(PHI)g(:)c |
| | 42386 | Fw(standard)28 b(p)s(olar)e(co)s(ordinates)g Fj(\022)s(;)17 |
| | 42387 | b(')p Fw(,)29 b(giving)d(the)h(rotated)h(direction)e(of)h(a)g(momen)m |
| | 42388 | (tum)472 4052 y(v)m(ector)34 b(initially)28 b(along)k(the)h(+)p |
| | 42389 | Fj(z)k Fw(axis.)0 4160 y Fq(DBEX,)53 b(DBEY,)f(DBEZ)h(:)47 |
| | 42390 | b Fw(giv)m(es)i(the)g(direction)f(and)h(size)g Fb(\014)j |
| | 42391 | Fw(of)c(a)g(Loren)m(tz)i(b)s(o)s(ost,)i(suc)m(h)e(that)f(a)472 |
| | 42392 | 4269 y(particle)28 b(initially)d(at)k(rest)h(will)d(ha)m(v)m(e)j |
| | 42393 | Fo(p)p Fj(=E)k Fw(=)p Fb(\014)e Fw(afterw)m(ards.)43 |
| | 42394 | b(Is)30 b(to)f(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en)g(in)g(double)472 4377 |
| | 42395 | y(precision.)0 4485 y Fo(Remark:)53 b Fw(all)34 b(en)m(tries)i(with)e |
| | 42396 | (status)j(co)s(des)f Fq(K\(I,1\)>0)h Fw(in)e(the)g(requested)j(range)d |
| | 42397 | (are)g(a\013ected)i(b)m(y)472 4594 y(the)c(transformation.)p |
| | 42398 | 0 4719 1082 9 v 0 4938 9 220 v 79 4859 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUEDIT\(MEDIT\))p |
| | 42399 | 1073 4938 V 0 4946 1082 9 v 0 5083 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c |
| | 42400 | Fw(to)31 b(exclude)i(unstable)f(or)f(undetectable)i(jets/particles)e |
| | 42401 | (from)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record.)44 b(One)472 5192 |
| | 42402 | y(ma)m(y)d(also)e(use)j Fq(LUEDIT)g Fw(to)e(store)h(spare)h(copies)f |
| | 42403 | (of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(\(sp)s(eci\014cally)c(initial)e(par-)472 |
| | 42404 | 5300 y(ton)j(con\014guration\))e(that)i(can)f(b)s(e)h(recalled)e(to)i |
| | 42405 | (allo)m(w)d(e.g.)65 b(di\013eren)m(t)39 b(fragmen)m(tation)472 |
| | 42406 | 5408 y(sc)m(hemes)g(to)e(b)s(e)h(run)f(through)h(with)f(one)g(and)h |
| | 42407 | (the)f(same)g(parton)g(con\014guration.)57 b(Fi-)472 |
| | 42408 | 5517 y(nally)-8 b(,)33 b(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(whic)m(h)g(has)f(b)s(een)g |
| | 42409 | (analyzed)g(with)g Fq(LUSPHE)p Fw(,)h Fq(LUTHRU)h Fw(or)d |
| | 42410 | Fq(LUCLUS)i Fw(\(see)472 5625 y(section)e(15.4\))f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 42411 | (rotated)g(to)f(align)e(the)j(ev)m(en)m(t)i(axis)d(with)g(the)h |
| | 42412 | Fj(z)38 b Fw(direction.)1817 5953 y(259)p eop |
| | 42413 | %%Page: 260 266 |
| | 42414 | 260 265 bop 0 -18 a Fq(MEDIT)53 b(:)113 b Fw(tells)32 |
| | 42415 | b(whic)m(h)h(action)f(is)g(to)g(b)s(e)h(tak)m(en.)236 |
| | 42416 | 90 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(empt)m(y)41 b(\()p Fq(K\(I,1\)=0)p |
| | 42417 | Fw(\))j(and)d(do)s(cumen)m(tation)f(\()p Fq(K\(I,1\)>20)p |
| | 42418 | Fw(\))k(lines)c(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)709 198 y(The)52 |
| | 42419 | b(jets/particles)f(remaining)f(are)i(compressed)h(in)e(the)h(b)s |
| | 42420 | (eginning)e(of)h(the)709 307 y Fq(LUJETS)28 b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)h |
| | 42421 | (and)h(the)f Fq(N)h Fw(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(is)g(up)s(dated)h(accordingly) |
| | 42422 | -8 b(.)40 b(The)28 b(ev)m(en)m(t)709 415 y(history)g(is)h(lost,)g(so)g |
| | 42423 | (that)g(information)c(stored)30 b(in)e Fq(K\(I,3\))p |
| | 42424 | Fw(,)j Fq(K\(I,4\))g Fw(and)e Fq(K\(I,5\))709 523 y Fw(is)j(no)g |
| | 42425 | (longer)g(relev)-5 b(an)m(t.)236 632 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 42426 | b Fw(as)42 b Fq(=0)p Fw(,)k(but)d(in)e(addition)g(all)f(jets/particles) |
| | 42427 | i(that)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(fragmen)m(ted/deca)m(y)m(ed)709 |
| | 42428 | 740 y(\()p Fq(K\(I,1\)>10)p Fw(\))34 b(are)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)236 |
| | 42429 | 848 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(as)26 b Fq(=1)p Fw(,)j(but)d(also)g(all) |
| | 42430 | e(neutrinos)j(and)g(unkno)m(wn)h(particles)d(\(i.e.)41 |
| | 42431 | b(compressed)28 b(co)s(de)709 957 y(K)m(C=)g(0\))k(are)h(remo)m(v)m |
| | 42432 | (ed.)236 1065 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(as)22 b Fq(=2)p |
| | 42433 | Fw(,)i(but)e(also)f(all)f(unc)m(harged,)25 b(colour)c(neutral)h |
| | 42434 | (particles)f(are)g(remo)m(v)m(ed,)k(lea)m(ving)709 1173 |
| | 42435 | y(only)34 b(c)m(harged,)j(stable)e(particles)f(\(and)h(unfragmen)m(ted) |
| | 42436 | g(partons,)h(if)e(fragmen)m(ta-)709 1282 y(tion)d(has)i(not)g(b)s(een)g |
| | 42437 | (p)s(erformed\).)236 1390 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(as)33 |
| | 42438 | b Fq(=0)p Fw(,)g(but)g(also)f(all)e(partons)j(whic)m(h)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g |
| | 42439 | (branc)m(hed)g(or)e(b)s(een)i(rearranged)f(in)f(a)709 |
| | 42440 | 1498 y(parton)d(sho)m(w)m(er)j(and)e(all)e(particles)i(whic)m(h)g(ha)m |
| | 42441 | (v)m(e)i(deca)m(y)m(ed)g(are)e(remo)m(v)m(ed,)h(lea)m(ving)709 |
| | 42442 | 1607 y(only)h(the)h(fragmen)m(ting)e(parton)h(con\014guration)g(and)g |
| | 42443 | (the)h(\014nal-state)f(particles.)236 1715 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 42444 | b(11)g(:)165 b Fw(remo)m(v)m(e)56 b(lines)f(with)g Fq(K\(I,1\)<0)p |
| | 42445 | Fw(.)116 b(Up)s(date)56 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(history)f(information)c(\(in) |
| | 42446 | 709 1823 y Fq(K\(I,3\))h(-)e(K\(I,5\))p Fw(\))34 b(to)e(refer)h(to)f |
| | 42447 | (remaining)f(en)m(tries.)236 1932 y Fq(=)52 b(12)g(:)165 |
| | 42448 | b Fw(remo)m(v)m(e)56 b(lines)f(with)g Fq(K\(I,1\)=0)p |
| | 42449 | Fw(.)116 b(Up)s(date)56 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(history)f(information)c(\(in) |
| | 42450 | 709 2040 y Fq(K\(I,3\))h(-)e(K\(I,5\))p Fw(\))34 b(to)e(refer)h(to)f |
| | 42451 | (remaining)f(en)m(tries.)236 2148 y Fq(=)52 b(13)g(:)165 |
| | 42452 | b Fw(remo)m(v)m(e)56 b(lines)f(with)g Fq(K\(I,1\))p Fw(=)68 |
| | 42453 | b(11,)61 b(12)56 b(or)f(15,)61 b(except)c(for)e(an)m(y)i(line)d(with) |
| | 42454 | 709 2257 y Fq(K\(I,2\)=94)p Fw(.)46 b(Up)s(date)32 b(ev)m(en)m(t)j |
| | 42455 | (history)d(information)e(\(in)h Fq(K\(I,3\))53 b(-)f(K\(I,5\))p |
| | 42456 | Fw(\))34 b(to)709 2365 y(refer)c(to)f(remaining)e(en)m(tries.)43 |
| | 42457 | b(In)30 b(particular,)f(try)h(to)f(trace)h(origin)d(of)i(daugh)m(ters,) |
| | 42458 | 709 2473 y(for)j(whic)m(h)h(the)g(mother)f(is)g(deca)m(y)m(ed,)j(bac)m |
| | 42459 | (k)e(to)g(en)m(tries)g(not)f(deleted.)236 2582 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 42460 | b(14)g(:)165 b Fw(remo)m(v)m(e)34 b(lines)e(with)h Fq(K\(I,1\))p |
| | 42461 | Fw(=)e(13)i(or)g(14,)g(and)g(also)g(an)m(y)h(line)e(with)h |
| | 42462 | Fq(K\(I,2\)=94)p Fw(.)709 2690 y(Up)s(date)k(ev)m(en)m(t)i(history)e |
| | 42463 | (information)d(\(in)i Fq(K\(I,3\))53 b(-)f(K\(I,5\))p |
| | 42464 | Fw(\))39 b(to)d(refer)i(to)f(re-)709 2798 y(maining)27 |
| | 42465 | b(en)m(tries.)43 b(In)30 b(particular,)f(try)h(to)g(trace)g(origin)e |
| | 42466 | (of)h(rearranged)h(jets)g(bac)m(k)709 2907 y(through)i(the)h |
| | 42467 | (parton-sho)m(w)m(er)h(history)e(to)g(the)h(sho)m(w)m(er)i(initiator.) |
| | 42468 | 236 3015 y Fq(=)52 b(15)g(:)165 b Fw(remo)m(v)m(e)51 |
| | 42469 | b(lines)f(with)g Fq(K\(I,1\)>20)p Fw(.)100 b(Up)s(date)51 |
| | 42470 | b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(history)f(information)c(\(in)709 3123 |
| | 42471 | y Fq(K\(I,3\))53 b(-)e(K\(I,5\))p Fw(\))34 b(to)e(refer)h(to)f |
| | 42472 | (remaining)f(en)m(tries.)236 3232 y Fq(=)52 b(16)g(:)165 |
| | 42473 | b Fw(try)24 b(to)g(reconstruct)i(missing)c(daugh)m(ter)j(p)s(oin)m |
| | 42474 | (ters)f(of)g(deca)m(y)m(ed)j(particles)c(from)g(the)709 |
| | 42475 | 3340 y(mother)f(p)s(oin)m(ters)g(of)g(deca)m(y)i(pro)s(ducts.)41 |
| | 42476 | b(These)24 b(missing)d(p)s(oin)m(ters)h(t)m(ypically)g(come)709 |
| | 42477 | 3448 y(from)j(the)h(need)i(to)d(use)j Fq(K\(I,4\))f Fw(and)g |
| | 42478 | Fq(K\(I,5\))g Fw(also)f(for)f(colour)h(\015o)m(w)h(information.)236 |
| | 42479 | 3557 y Fq(=)52 b(21)g(:)165 b Fw(all)29 b(partons/particles)h(in)h |
| | 42480 | (curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record)f(are)f(stored)g(\(as)h(a)f(spare)g |
| | 42481 | (cop)m(y\))709 3665 y(in)c(b)s(ottom)h(of)g(common)f(blo)s(c)m(k)h |
| | 42482 | Fq(LUJETS)i Fw(\(is)e(e.g.)43 b(done)29 b(to)f(sa)m(v)m(e)i(original)25 |
| | 42483 | b(partons)709 3774 y(b)s(efore)32 b(calling)g Fq(LUEXEC)p |
| | 42484 | Fw(\).)236 3882 y Fq(=)52 b(22)g(:)165 b Fw(partons/particles)26 |
| | 42485 | b(stored)h(in)f(b)s(ottom)g(of)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j(record)e(with)g |
| | 42486 | Fq(=21)h Fw(are)e(placed)h(in)709 3990 y(b)s(eginning)21 |
| | 42487 | b(of)h(record)h(again,)h(o)m(v)m(erwriting)e(previous)h(information)c |
| | 42488 | (there)24 b(\(so)f(that)709 4099 y(e.g.)43 b(a)31 b(di\013eren)m(t)g |
| | 42489 | (fragmen)m(tation)e(sc)m(heme)k(can)e(b)s(e)g(used)i(on)e(the)g(same)g |
| | 42490 | (partons\).)709 4207 y(Since)37 b(the)h(cop)m(y)h(at)e(b)s(ottom)f(is)h |
| | 42491 | (una\013ected,)j(rep)s(eated)e(calls)e(with)h Fq(=22)i |
| | 42492 | Fw(can)e(b)s(e)709 4315 y(made.)236 4424 y Fq(=)52 b(23)g(:)165 |
| | 42493 | b Fw(primary)26 b(partons/particles)g(in)h(the)h(b)s(eginning)d(of)i |
| | 42494 | (ev)m(en)m(t)i(record)f(are)g(mark)m(ed)f(as)709 4532 |
| | 42495 | y(not)35 b(fragmen)m(ted)h(or)f(deca)m(y)m(ed,)k(and)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(er) |
| | 42496 | g(of)f(en)m(tries)h Fq(N)g Fw(is)f(up)s(dated)i(accord-)709 |
| | 42497 | 4640 y(ingly)-8 b(.)40 b(Is)29 b(simp)s(e)d(substitute)j(for)e |
| | 42498 | Fq(=21)i Fw(plus)f Fq(=22)g Fw(when)h(no)f(fragmen)m(tation/deca)m(y) |
| | 42499 | 709 4749 y(pro)s(ducts)33 b(precede)h(an)m(y)f(of)g(the)g(original)c |
| | 42500 | (partons/particles.)236 4857 y Fq(=)52 b(31)g(:)165 b |
| | 42501 | Fw(rotate)25 b(largest)f(axis,)j(determined)e(b)m(y)i |
| | 42502 | Fq(LUSPHE)p Fw(,)g Fq(LUTHRU)g Fw(or)e Fq(LUCLUS)p Fw(,)h(to)f(sit)g |
| | 42503 | (along)709 4965 y(the)h Fj(z)k Fw(direction,)c(and)g(the)g(second)i |
| | 42504 | (largest)d(axis)g(in)m(to)g(the)h Fj(xz)31 b Fw(plane.)41 |
| | 42505 | b(F)-8 b(or)25 b Fq(LUCLUS)709 5074 y Fw(it)35 b(can)i(b)s(e)f(further) |
| | 42506 | h(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(to)f(+)p Fj(z)41 b Fw(axis)c(and)f |
| | 42507 | Fj(xz)42 b Fw(plane)36 b(with)g Fj(x)e(>)g Fw(0,)k(resp)s(ec-)709 |
| | 42508 | 5182 y(tiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)43 b(Requires)33 b(that)f(one)h(of)f(these)i |
| | 42509 | (routines)f(has)g(b)s(een)g(called)e(b)s(efore.)236 5290 |
| | 42510 | y Fq(=)52 b(32)g(:)165 b Fw(mainly)24 b(in)m(tended)k(for)e |
| | 42511 | Fq(LUSPHE)i Fw(and)f Fq(LUTHRU)p Fw(,)h(this)e(giv)m(es)h(a)f(further)h |
| | 42512 | (alignmen)m(t)e(of)709 5399 y(the)33 b(ev)m(en)m(t,)j(in)c(addition)g |
| | 42513 | (to)h(the)g(one)h(implied)c(b)m(y)36 b Fq(=31)p Fw(.)46 |
| | 42514 | b(The)34 b(`slim')d(jet,)j(de\014ned)709 5507 y(as)j(the)h(side)g(\()p |
| | 42515 | Fj(z)j(>)36 b Fw(0)h(or)g Fj(z)k(<)36 b Fw(0\))i(with)f(the)h(smallest) |
| | 42516 | e(summed)h Fj(p)3195 5522 y Fk(?)3292 5507 y Fw(o)m(v)m(er)h(square)709 |
| | 42517 | 5615 y(ro)s(ot)g(of)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(particles,)i(is)e(rotated) |
| | 42518 | g(in)m(to)g(the)h(+)p Fj(z)k Fw(hemisphere.)64 b(In)40 |
| | 42519 | b(the)1817 5953 y(260)p eop |
| | 42520 | %%Page: 261 267 |
| | 42521 | 261 266 bop 709 -18 a Fw(opp)s(osite)39 b(hemisphere)i(\(no)m(w)g |
| | 42522 | Fj(z)k(<)c Fw(0\),)h(the)f(side)f(of)g Fj(x)h(>)g Fw(0)f(and)g |
| | 42523 | Fj(x)h(<)g Fw(0)f(whic)m(h)709 90 y(has)e(the)h(largest)e(summed)h |
| | 42524 | Fn(j)p Fj(p)1850 105 y Fh(z)1889 90 y Fn(j)g Fw(is)g(rotated)g(in)m(to) |
| | 42525 | f(the)i Fj(z)j(<)37 b Fw(0)p Fj(;)17 b(x)37 b(>)g Fw(0)h(quadran)m(t.) |
| | 42526 | 709 198 y(Requires)33 b(that)f Fq(LUSPHE)i Fw(or)f Fq(LUTHRU)h |
| | 42527 | Fw(has)f(b)s(een)g(called)e(b)s(efore.)0 307 y Fo(Remark:)53 |
| | 42528 | b Fw(all)33 b(en)m(tries)i(1)f(through)g Fq(N)h Fw(are)f(a\013ected)h |
| | 42529 | (b)m(y)h(the)e(editing.)48 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(options)h(0{5)g(lo)m(w)m |
| | 42530 | (er)g(and)472 415 y(upp)s(er)g(b)s(ounds)f(can)g(b)s(e)f(explicitly)f |
| | 42531 | (giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)i Fq(MSTU\(1\))f Fw(and)f Fq(MSTU\(2\))p |
| | 42532 | Fw(.)p 0 559 1082 9 v 0 778 9 220 v 79 699 a Fq(CALL)52 |
| | 42533 | b(LULIST\(MLIST\))p 1073 778 V 0 786 1082 9 v 0 918 a |
| | 42534 | Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)32 b(list)f(an)i(ev)m(en)m(t,)h(jet)f(or)f |
| | 42535 | (particle)f(data,)i(or)f(curren)m(t)h(parameter)g(v)-5 |
| | 42536 | b(alues.)0 1027 y Fq(MLIST)53 b(:)113 b Fw(determines)33 |
| | 42537 | b(what)g(is)f(to)g(b)s(e)h(listed.)236 1135 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 42538 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(writes)48 b(a)g(title)e(page,)52 b(common)47 |
| | 42539 | b(for)h Fm(Jetset)f Fw(and)h Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)k(with)c(program)709 |
| | 42540 | 1243 y(v)m(ersion)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)g(and)g(last)f(dates)h(of)f(c)m |
| | 42541 | (hange;)i(is)e(mostly)f(for)h(in)m(ternal)g(use.)236 |
| | 42542 | 1352 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(giv)m(es)23 b(a)h(simple)d(list)h(of)h |
| | 42543 | (curren)m(t)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(record,)h(in)c(an)i(80)e(column)h(format)e |
| | 42544 | (suitable)709 1460 y(for)k(viewing)g(directly)g(on)g(the)h(computer)g |
| | 42545 | (terminal.)38 b(F)-8 b(or)25 b(eac)m(h)i(en)m(try)-8 |
| | 42546 | b(,)28 b(the)e(follo)m(w-)709 1568 y(ing)33 b(information)f(is)i(giv)m |
| | 42547 | (en:)47 b(the)35 b(en)m(try)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f Fq(I)p |
| | 42548 | Fw(,)g(the)g(parton/particle)e(name)709 1677 y(\(see)28 |
| | 42549 | b(b)s(elo)m(w\),)g(the)g(status)f(co)s(de)h(\()p Fq(K\(I,1\))p |
| | 42550 | Fw(\),)i(the)d(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(co)s(de)g(KF)e(\()p |
| | 42551 | Fq(K\(I,2\))p Fw(\),)k(the)709 1785 y(line)36 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)f |
| | 42552 | (the)h(mother)f(\()p Fq(K\(I,3\))p Fw(\),)k(and)c(the)i(three-momen)m |
| | 42553 | (tum,)e(energy)709 1893 y(and)27 b(mass)h(\()p Fq(P\(I,1\))53 |
| | 42554 | b(-)e(P\(I,5\))p Fw(\).)43 b(If)35 b Fq(MSTU\(3\))29 |
| | 42555 | b Fw(is)e(non-zero,)i(lines)e(immediately)709 2002 y(after)34 |
| | 42556 | b(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record)e(prop)s(er)f(are)h(also)f(listed.)49 |
| | 42557 | b(A)34 b(\014nal)g(line)g(con)m(tains)g(infor-)709 2110 |
| | 42558 | y(mation)c(on)j(total)e(c)m(harge,)i(momen)m(tum,)e(energy)j(and)f(in)m |
| | 42559 | (v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31 b(mass.)709 2219 y(The)h(particle)f(name)g(is)g |
| | 42560 | (giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)g(a)f(call)f(to)i(the)g(routine)f Fq(LUNAME)p |
| | 42561 | Fw(.)i(F)-8 b(or)31 b(an)g(en)m(try)709 2327 y(whic)m(h)43 |
| | 42562 | b(has)h(deca)m(y)m(ed/fragmen)m(ted)h(\()p Fq(K\(I,1\)=)g |
| | 42563 | Fw(11{20\),)g(this)d(particle)g(name)h(is)709 2435 y(giv)m(en)33 |
| | 42564 | b(within)g(paren)m(theses.)48 b(Similarly)-8 b(,)30 b(a)j(do)s(cumen)m |
| | 42565 | (tation)g(line)f(\()p Fq(K\(I,1\)=)j Fw(21{)709 2544 |
| | 42566 | y(30\))j(has)h(the)g(name)f(enclosed)h(in)f(expression)i(signs)f(\(!.) |
| | 42567 | 16 b(.)g(.)g(!\))62 b(and)39 b(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t/jet)709 |
| | 42568 | 2652 y(axis)f(information)e(line)h(the)j(name)e(within)g(inequalit)m(y) |
| | 42569 | g(signs)g(\()p Fj(<)p Fw(.)16 b(.)g(.)g Fj(>)p Fw(\).)63 |
| | 42570 | b(If)39 b(the)709 2760 y(last)32 b(c)m(haracter)i(of)f(the)g(name)g(is) |
| | 42571 | g(a)g(`?',)g(it)g(is)f(a)h(signal)f(that)h(the)g(complete)g(name)709 |
| | 42572 | 2869 y(has)42 b(b)s(een)h(truncated)h(to)e(\014t)g(in,)i(and)e(can)h |
| | 42573 | (therefore)g(not)f(b)s(e)h(trusted;)48 b(this)42 b(is)709 |
| | 42574 | 2977 y(v)m(ery)31 b(rare.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)29 b(partons)i(whic)m(h)f(ha)m |
| | 42575 | (v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f(arranged)f(along)f(strings)h(\()p |
| | 42576 | Fq(K\(I,1\)=)709 3085 y Fw(1,)h(2,)g(11)g(or)g(12\),)g(the)h(end)g(of)f |
| | 42577 | (the)g(parton)g(name)g(column)f(con)m(tains)i(information)709 |
| | 42578 | 3194 y(ab)s(out)f(the)i(colour)e(string)g(arrangemen)m(t:)43 |
| | 42579 | b(an)32 b Fq(A)h Fw(for)e(the)i(\014rst)f(en)m(try)i(of)d(a)h(string,) |
| | 42580 | 709 3302 y(an)38 b Fq(I)h Fw(for)f(all)f(in)m(termediate)g(ones,)k(and) |
| | 42581 | e(a)f Fq(V)h Fw(for)f(the)h(\014nal)f(one)h(\(a)f(p)s(o)s(or)g(man's) |
| | 42582 | 709 3410 y(rendering)32 b(of)g(a)h(v)m(ertical)e(doublesided)i(arro)m |
| | 42583 | (w,)g Fn(l)p Fw(\).)709 3519 y(It)28 b(is)g(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(insert)g |
| | 42584 | (lines)g(just)g(consisting)g(of)f(sequences)32 b(of)i |
| | 42585 | Fq(======)c Fw(to)e(sep-)709 3627 y(arate)k(di\013eren)m(t)h(sections)g |
| | 42586 | (of)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record,)g(see)f Fq(MSTU\(70\))54 |
| | 42587 | b(-)d(MSTU\(80\))p Fw(.)236 3735 y Fq(=)h(2)f(:)217 b |
| | 42588 | Fw(giv)m(es)36 b(a)f(more)g(extensiv)m(e)i(list)e(of)g(the)h(curren)m |
| | 42589 | (t)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record,)f(in)d(a)i(132)f(column)709 |
| | 42590 | 3844 y(format,)46 b(suitable)e(for)g(prin)m(ters)h(or)f(w)m |
| | 42591 | (orkstations.)81 b(F)-8 b(or)44 b(eac)m(h)h(en)m(try)-8 |
| | 42592 | b(,)49 b(the)c(fol-)709 3952 y(lo)m(wing)g(information)e(is)j(giv)m |
| | 42593 | (en:)71 b(the)47 b(en)m(try)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f Fq(I)p |
| | 42594 | Fw(,)f(the)h(parton/particle)709 4060 y(name)33 b(\(with)h(padding)f |
| | 42595 | (as)h(describ)s(ed)h(for)f Fq(=1)p Fw(\),)h(the)f(status)h(co)s(de)f |
| | 42596 | (\()p Fq(K\(I,1\))p Fw(\),)i(the)709 4169 y(\015a)m(v)m(our)e(co)s(de)f |
| | 42597 | (KF)g(\()p Fq(K\(I,2\))p Fw(\),)i(the)f(line)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j(of)f |
| | 42598 | (the)g(mother)g(\()p Fq(K\(I,3\))p Fw(\),)i(the)709 4277 |
| | 42599 | y(deca)m(y)48 b(pro)s(duct/colour-\015o)m(w)e(p)s(oin)m(ters)g(\()p |
| | 42600 | Fq(K\(I,4\),)53 b(K\(I,5\))p Fw(\),)f(and)46 b(the)h(three-)709 |
| | 42601 | 4385 y(momen)m(tum,)42 b(energy)h(and)e(mass)h(\()p Fq(P\(I,1\))53 |
| | 42602 | b(-)e(P\(I,5\))p Fw(\).)72 b(If)48 b Fq(MSTU\(3\))c Fw(is)d(non-)709 |
| | 42603 | 4494 y(zero,)e(lines)d(immediately)f(after)i(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h |
| | 42604 | (record)f(prop)s(er)f(are)h(also)e(listed.)57 b(A)709 |
| | 42605 | 4602 y(\014nal)37 b(line)f(con)m(tains)i(information)c(on)k(total)e(c)m |
| | 42606 | (harge,)k(momen)m(tum,)e(energy)g(and)709 4710 y(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 42607 | b(arian)m(t)31 b(mass.)43 b(Lines)33 b(with)f(only)i |
| | 42608 | Fq(======)g Fw(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)h(inserted)g(as)g(for)f |
| | 42609 | Fq(=1)p Fw(.)236 4819 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(giv)m(es)39 |
| | 42610 | b(the)g(same)g(basic)f(listing)f(as)i Fq(=2)p Fw(,)i(but)e(with)f(an)h |
| | 42611 | (additional)d(line)h(for)i(eac)m(h)709 4927 y(en)m(try)50 |
| | 42612 | b(con)m(taining)f(information)d(on)j(pro)s(duction)g(v)m(ertex)i(p)s |
| | 42613 | (osition)d(and)i(time)709 5035 y(\()p Fq(V\(I,1\))i(-)g(V\(I,4\))p |
| | 42614 | Fw(\))26 b(and,)g(for)f(unstable)f(particles,)i(prop)s(er)e(lifetime)e |
| | 42615 | (\()p Fq(V\(I,5\))p Fw(\).)236 5144 y Fq(=)52 b(11)g(:)165 |
| | 42616 | b Fw(pro)m(vides)28 b(a)f(simple)e(list)h(of)h(all)e(parton/particle)h |
| | 42617 | (co)s(des)i(de\014ned)h(in)d(the)i(program,)709 5252 |
| | 42618 | y(with)35 b(KF)h(co)s(de)g(and)g(corresp)s(onding)g(particle)e(name.)54 |
| | 42619 | b(The)37 b(list)d(is)i(group)s(ed)g(b)m(y)709 5360 y(particle)31 |
| | 42620 | b(kind,)i(and)f(only)g(within)g(eac)m(h)h(group)g(in)e(ascending)i |
| | 42621 | (order.)236 5469 y Fq(=)52 b(12)g(:)165 b Fw(pro)m(vides)46 |
| | 42622 | b(a)e(list)g(of)h(all)e(parton/particle)g(and)j(deca)m(y)g(data)f(used) |
| | 42623 | h(in)f(the)g(pro-)709 5577 y(gram.)63 b(Eac)m(h)40 b(parton/particle)e |
| | 42624 | (co)s(de)i(is)f(represen)m(ted)j(b)m(y)f(one)f(line)e(con)m(taining) |
| | 42625 | 1817 5953 y(261)p eop |
| | 42626 | %%Page: 262 268 |
| | 42627 | 262 267 bop 709 -18 a Fw(KF)31 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(co)s(de,)g(K)m(C)f |
| | 42628 | (compressed)i(co)s(de,)e(particle)f(name,)h(an)m(tiparticle)e(name)709 |
| | 42629 | 90 y(\(where)h(appropriate\),)f(electrical)e(and)i(colour)g(c)m(harge)g |
| | 42630 | (\(stored)h(in)e Fq(KCHG)p Fw(\),)i(mass,)709 198 y(resonance)39 |
| | 42631 | b(width)f(and)g(maxim)m(um)d(broadening,)k(a)m(v)m(erage)g(prop)s(er)e |
| | 42632 | (lifetime)e(\(in)709 307 y Fq(PMAS)p Fw(\))46 b(and)f(whether)i(the)e |
| | 42633 | (particle)f(is)h(considered)h(stable)f(or)g(not)g(\(in)f |
| | 42634 | Fq(MDCY)p Fw(\).)709 415 y(Immediately)34 b(after)h(a)h(particle,)g |
| | 42635 | (eac)m(h)g(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannel)e(gets)h(one)f(line,)f(con)m(tain-)709 |
| | 42636 | 523 y(ing)j(deca)m(y)j(c)m(hannel)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(\()p |
| | 42637 | Fq(IDC)h Fw(read)f(from)e Fq(MDCY)p Fw(\),)j(on/o\013)e(switc)m(h)h |
| | 42638 | (for)f(the)709 632 y(c)m(hannel,)32 b(matrix)f(elemen)m(t)h(t)m(yp)s(e) |
| | 42639 | h(\()p Fq(MDME)p Fw(\),)h(branc)m(hing)e(ratio)f(\()p |
| | 42640 | Fq(BRAT)p Fw(\),)i(and)f(deca)m(y)709 740 y(pro)s(ducts)42 |
| | 42641 | b(\()p Fq(KFDP)p Fw(\).)h(The)g Fq(MSTU\(14\))h Fw(\015ag)d(can)h(b)s |
| | 42642 | (e)g(used)h(to)f(set)h(the)f(maxim)m(um)709 848 y(\015a)m(v)m(our)33 |
| | 42643 | b(for)f(whic)m(h)h(particles)f(are)g(listed,)g(with)g(the)h(default)f |
| | 42644 | (\(=)g(0\))g(corresp)s(ond-)709 957 y(ing)c(to)h(separately)h |
| | 42645 | (de\014ned)h(ones)f(\(K)m(C)p Fj(>)e Fw(100)h(if)f(KF)p |
| | 42646 | Fj(>)f Fw(0\).)42 b(In)30 b(order)g(to)f(k)m(eep)i(the)709 |
| | 42647 | 1065 y(size)37 b(do)m(wn,)h(deca)m(y)g(mo)s(des)f(of)f(hea)m(vy)i |
| | 42648 | (hadrons)g(collectiv)m(ely)d(de\014ned)j(are)f(nev)m(er)709 |
| | 42649 | 1173 y(listed;)g(these)h(ha)m(v)m(e)f(K)m(C)g(co)s(des)g(84{88,)f |
| | 42650 | (where)i(the)e(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)37 b(information)c(ma)m(y)709 |
| | 42651 | 1282 y(b)s(e)f(found.)236 1390 y Fq(=)52 b(13)g(:)165 |
| | 42652 | b Fw(giv)m(es)36 b(a)g(list)f(of)h(curren)m(t)h(parameter)f(v)-5 |
| | 42653 | b(alues)36 b(for)f Fq(MSTU)p Fw(,)j Fq(PARU)p Fw(,)f |
| | 42654 | Fq(MSTJ)g Fw(and)f Fq(PARJ)p Fw(,)709 1498 y(and)i(the)g(\014rst)h(200) |
| | 42655 | e(en)m(tries)i(of)44 b Fq(PARF)p Fw(.)39 b(This)f(is)g(useful)g(to)g(k) |
| | 42656 | m(eep)h(c)m(hec)m(k)h(of)e(whic)m(h)709 1607 y(default)32 |
| | 42657 | b(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(w)m(ere)i(c)m(hanged)g(in)d(a)i(giv)m(en)f(run.)0 |
| | 42658 | 1715 y Fo(Remark:)53 b Fw(for)31 b(options)g(1{3)f(and)h(12)g(lo)m(w)m |
| | 42659 | (er)g(and)h(upp)s(er)f(b)s(ounds)h(of)f(the)h(listing)c(can)k(b)s(e)f |
| | 42660 | (explicitly)472 1823 y(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)i Fq(MSTU\(1\))f |
| | 42661 | Fw(and)f Fq(MSTU\(2\))p Fw(.)p 0 1968 1287 9 v 0 2192 |
| | 42662 | 9 225 v 79 2108 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUUPDA\(MUPDA,LFN\))p |
| | 42663 | 1278 2192 V 0 2200 1287 9 v 0 2332 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c |
| | 42664 | Fw(to)35 b(giv)m(e)h(y)m(ou)h(the)f(abilit)m(y)e(to)h(up)s(date)h |
| | 42665 | (particle)f(data,)h(or)g(to)f(k)m(eep)j(sev)m(eral)e(v)m(ersions)h(of) |
| | 42666 | 472 2441 y(mo)s(di\014ed)32 b(particle)f(data)h(for)g(sp)s(ecial)g |
| | 42667 | (purp)s(oses)i(\(e.g.)43 b(c)m(harm)33 b(studies\).)0 |
| | 42668 | 2549 y Fq(MUPDA)53 b(:)113 b Fw(giv)m(es)33 b(the)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h(of)e |
| | 42669 | (action)g(to)g(b)s(e)h(tak)m(en.)236 2657 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 42670 | b Fw(write)29 b(a)f(table)h(of)g(particle)f(data,)h(that)g(y)m(ou)h |
| | 42671 | (then)g(can)f(edit)g(at)g(leisure.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)28 |
| | 42672 | b(ordi-)709 2766 y(nary)35 b(listing)f(of)h(deca)m(y)h(data,)g |
| | 42673 | Fq(LULIST\(12\))i Fw(should)e(b)s(e)f(used,)j(but)e(that)f(listing)709 |
| | 42674 | 2874 y(could)d(not)g(b)s(e)h(read)g(bac)m(k)g(in)f(b)m(y)i(the)f |
| | 42675 | (program.)709 2982 y(F)-8 b(or)21 b(eac)m(h)i(compressed)h(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 42676 | (our)f(co)s(de)g(K)m(C)g(=)f(1{500,)h(one)f(line)f(is)h(written)g(con)m |
| | 42677 | (tain-)709 3091 y(ing)27 b(K)m(C)h(\()p Fq(I5)p Fw(\),)h(the)g(basic)e |
| | 42678 | (particle)g(name)g(\(i.e.)42 b(excluding)27 b(c)m(harge)i(etc.\))42 |
| | 42679 | b(\()p Fq(2X,A8)p Fw(\))709 3199 y(in)23 b Fq(CHAF)p |
| | 42680 | Fw(,)h(the)g(electric)f(\()p Fq(I3)p Fw(\),)j(colour)d(c)m(harge)h(\()p |
| | 42681 | Fq(I3)p Fw(\))g(and)g(particle/an)m(tiparticle)c(dis-)709 |
| | 42682 | 3307 y(tinction)32 b(\()p Fq(I3)p Fw(\))i(co)s(des)g(in)f |
| | 42683 | Fq(KCHG)p Fw(,)i(the)f(mass)g(\()p Fq(F12.5)p Fw(\),)h(the)f(mass)g |
| | 42684 | (width)f(\()p Fq(F12.5)p Fw(\),)709 3416 y(maxim)m(um)39 |
| | 42685 | b(broadening)h(\()p Fq(F12.5)p Fw(\))j(and)e(a)m(v)m(erage)h(prop)s(er) |
| | 42686 | f(lifetime)e(\()p Fq(2X,F12.5)p Fw(\))709 3524 y(in)31 |
| | 42687 | b Fq(PMAS)p Fw(,)j(and)f(the)g(on/o\013)f(deca)m(y)i(switc)m(h)f |
| | 42688 | (\(I3\))f(in)g Fq(MDCY\(KC,1\).)709 3632 y Fw(After)d(a)g(K)m(C)g(line) |
| | 42689 | f(follo)m(ws)g(one)h(line)f(for)g(eac)m(h)i(p)s(ossible)f(deca)m(y)h(c) |
| | 42690 | m(hannel,)g(con)m(tain-)709 3741 y(ing)39 b(the)i Fq(MDME)g |
| | 42691 | Fw(co)s(des)g(\()p Fq(5X,2I5)p Fw(\),)i(the)e(branc)m(hing)f(ratio)f |
| | 42692 | (\()p Fq(5X,F12.5)p Fw(\))j(in)d Fq(BRAT)p Fw(,)709 3849 |
| | 42693 | y(and)32 b(the)h Fq(KFDP)g Fw(co)s(des)g(for)e(the)i(deca)m(y)h(pro)s |
| | 42694 | (ducts)f(\()p Fq(5I8)p Fw(\),)g(with)e(trailing)e(0's)k(if)e(the)709 |
| | 42695 | 3958 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)f(deca)m(y)i(pro)s(ducts)f(is)f(smaller)f |
| | 42696 | (than)h(5.)236 4066 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(read)39 |
| | 42697 | b(in)f(particle)f(data,)j(as)f(written)g(with)f Fq(=1)i |
| | 42698 | Fw(and)f(thereafter)g(edited)g(b)m(y)h(y)m(ou,)709 4174 |
| | 42699 | y(and)31 b(use)h(this)f(data)f(subsequen)m(tly)k(in)c(the)i(curren)m(t) |
| | 42700 | g(run.)43 b(Reading)31 b(is)f(done)i(with)709 4283 y(\014xed)40 |
| | 42701 | b(format,)g(whic)m(h)g(means)g(that)f(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)e |
| | 42702 | (preserv)m(e)j(the)e(format)e(co)s(des)709 4391 y(describ)s(ed)31 |
| | 42703 | b(for)g Fq(=1)g Fw(during)f(the)h(editing.)42 b(A)31 |
| | 42704 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(c)m(hec)m(ks)k(will)28 b(b)s(e)j(made)g(to)709 |
| | 42705 | 4499 y(see)d(if)e(input)h(lo)s(oks)g(reasonable,)h(with)f(w)m(arnings)g |
| | 42706 | (if)f(not.)42 b(If)27 b(some)g(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannel)709 |
| | 42707 | 4608 y(is)41 b(said)g(not)g(to)g(conserv)m(e)j(c)m(harge,)h(it)40 |
| | 42708 | b(should)i(b)s(e)f(tak)m(en)i(seriously)-8 b(.)70 b(W)-8 |
| | 42709 | b(arnings)709 4716 y(that)33 b(deca)m(y)j(is)d(kinematically)e(unallo)m |
| | 42710 | (w)m(ed)i(need)i(not)f(b)s(e)g(as)g(serious,)g(since)h(that)709 |
| | 42711 | 4824 y(particular)d(deca)m(y)k(mo)s(de)e(ma)m(y)g(not)g(b)s(e)h(switc)m |
| | 42712 | (hed)g(on)g(unless)g(the)f(particle)g(mass)709 4933 y(is)e(increased.) |
| | 42713 | 236 5041 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(write)30 b(curren)m(t)i(particle)e |
| | 42714 | (data)g(as)h(data)f(lines,)h(whic)m(h)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(edited)g(in)m(to) |
| | 42715 | f Fq(BLOCK)709 5149 y(DATA)52 b(LUDATA)46 b Fw(for)e(a)g(p)s(ermanen)m |
| | 42716 | (t)g(replacemen)m(t)h(of)f(the)h(particle)e(data.)78 |
| | 42717 | b(This)709 5258 y(option)31 b(is)h(in)m(tended)i(for)e(the)h(program)e |
| | 42718 | (author)h(only)-8 b(,)32 b(not)h(for)f(y)m(ou.)0 5366 |
| | 42719 | y Fq(LFN)52 b(:)216 b Fw(the)36 b(\014le)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(whic)m(h)h |
| | 42720 | (the)f(data)g(should)g(b)s(e)h(written)e(to)h(or)g(read)g(from.)50 |
| | 42721 | b(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(m)m(ust)472 5474 y(see)d(to)f(it)e(that)i(this)f |
| | 42722 | (\014le)g(is)h(prop)s(erly)f(op)s(ened)h(for)g(read)g(or)f(write)g |
| | 42723 | (\(since)h(the)g(de\014nition)472 5583 y(of)i(\014le)f(names)g(is)g |
| | 42724 | (mac)m(hine)g(dep)s(enden)m(t\).)1817 5953 y(262)p eop |
| | 42725 | %%Page: 263 269 |
| | 42726 | 263 268 bop 0 -110 825 9 v 0 115 9 225 v 79 30 a Fq(KK)52 |
| | 42727 | b(=)f(KLU\(I,J\))p 816 115 V 0 123 825 9 v 0 255 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)d |
| | 42728 | Fw(to)36 b(pro)m(vide)h(v)-5 b(arious)36 b(in)m(teger-v)-5 |
| | 42729 | b(alued)35 b(ev)m(en)m(t)k(data.)55 b(Note)37 b(that)f(man)m(y)h(of)f |
| | 42730 | (the)h(options)472 363 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)26 b(\(in)h(particular)f |
| | 42731 | Fq(I)p Fj(>)i Fw(0,)g Fq(J)p Fn(\025)h Fw(14\))e(whic)m(h)h(refer)g(to) |
| | 42732 | g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(history)d(will)f(not)i(w)m(ork)472 472 |
| | 42733 | y(after)35 b(a)g Fq(LUEDIT)i Fw(call.)49 b(F)-8 b(urther,)36 |
| | 42734 | b(the)g(options)e(14{18)g(dep)s(end)i(on)f(the)h(w)m(a)m(y)g(the)g(ev)m |
| | 42735 | (en)m(t)472 580 y(history)25 b(has)h(b)s(een)f(set)h(up,)h(so)e(with)g |
| | 42736 | (the)g(explosion)f(of)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(formats)g |
| | 42737 | (these)472 688 y(options)35 b(are)f(no)h(longer)f(as)h(safe)g(as)g |
| | 42738 | (they)g(ma)m(y)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een.)51 b(F)-8 b(or)34 |
| | 42739 | b(instance,)h(option)f(16)472 797 y(can)f(only)f(w)m(ork)i(if)k |
| | 42740 | Fq(MSTU\(16\)=2)p Fw(.)0 905 y Fq(I=0,)52 b(J=)g(:)c |
| | 42741 | Fw(prop)s(erties)32 b(referring)g(to)g(the)h(complete)f(ev)m(en)m(t.) |
| | 42742 | 236 1013 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b(N)p Fw(,)33 b(total)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er) |
| | 42743 | i(of)f(lines)f(in)h(ev)m(en)m(t)j(record.)236 1122 y |
| | 42744 | Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(total)28 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)g |
| | 42745 | (partons/particles)f(remaining)e(after)j(fragmen)m(tation)e(and)h(de-) |
| | 42746 | 709 1230 y(ca)m(y)-8 b(.)236 1338 y Fq(=)52 b(6)f(:)217 |
| | 42747 | b Fw(three)33 b(times)f(the)h(total)e(c)m(harge)i(of)f(remaining)e |
| | 42748 | (\(stable\))i(partons)h(and)g(particles.)0 1447 y Fq(I>0,)52 |
| | 42749 | b(J=)g(:)c Fw(prop)s(erties)32 b(referring)g(to)g(the)h(en)m(try)h(in)e |
| | 42750 | (line)f(no.)43 b Fq(I)33 b Fw(of)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record.)236 |
| | 42751 | 1555 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(-)h(5)f(:)d(K\(I,1\))53 b(-)e(K\(I,5\))p |
| | 42752 | Fw(,)35 b(i.e.)43 b(parton/particle)31 b(status)i(KS,)g(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 42753 | (our)g(co)s(de)g(KF)f(and)709 1663 y(origin/deca)m(y)f(pro)s |
| | 42754 | (duct/colour-\015o)m(w)h(information.)236 1772 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 42755 | b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(three)33 b(times)f(parton/particle)e(c)m(harge.)236 |
| | 42756 | 1880 y Fq(=)52 b(7)f(:)217 b Fw(1)37 b(for)h(a)g(remaining)d(en)m(try) |
| | 42757 | -8 b(,)41 b(0)d(for)f(a)h(deca)m(y)m(ed,)k(fragmen)m(ted)c(or)f(do)s |
| | 42758 | (cumen)m(tation)709 1988 y(en)m(try)-8 b(.)236 2097 y |
| | 42759 | Fq(=)52 b(8)f(:)217 b Fw(KF)32 b(co)s(de)g(\()p Fq(K\(I,2\))p |
| | 42760 | Fw(\))i(for)e(a)g(remaining)e(en)m(try)-8 b(,)34 b(0)e(for)g(a)g(deca)m |
| | 42761 | (y)m(ed,)j(fragmen)m(ted)d(or)709 2205 y(do)s(cumen)m(tation)f(en)m |
| | 42762 | (try)-8 b(.)236 2313 y Fq(=)52 b(9)f(:)217 b Fw(KF)39 |
| | 42763 | b(co)s(de)h(\()p Fq(K\(I,2\))p Fw(\))h(for)e(a)g(parton)g(\(i.e.)64 |
| | 42764 | b(not)39 b(colour)g(neutral)g(en)m(try\),)j(0)e(for)f(a)709 |
| | 42765 | 2422 y(particle.)236 2530 y Fq(=)52 b(10)g(:)165 b Fw(KF)23 |
| | 42766 | b(co)s(de)i(\()p Fq(K\(I,2\))p Fw(\))h(for)e(a)g(particle)f(\(i.e.)40 |
| | 42767 | b(colour)24 b(neutral)f(en)m(try\),)28 b(0)c(for)g(a)g(parton.)236 |
| | 42768 | 2638 y Fq(=)52 b(11)g(:)165 b Fw(compressed)34 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(co)s |
| | 42769 | (de)g(K)m(C.)236 2747 y Fq(=)52 b(12)g(:)165 b Fw(colour)32 |
| | 42770 | b(information)f(co)s(de,)j(i.e.)46 b(0)33 b(for)g(colour)g(neutral,)g |
| | 42771 | (1)g(for)g(colour)g(triplet,)f(-1)709 2855 y(for)g(an)m(titriplet)e |
| | 42772 | (and)j(2)f(for)g(o)s(ctet.)236 2963 y Fq(=)52 b(13)g(:)165 |
| | 42773 | b Fw(\015a)m(v)m(our)29 b(of)e(`hea)m(viest')i(quark)g(or)f(an)m |
| | 42774 | (tiquark)g(\(i.e.)42 b(with)27 b(largest)h(co)s(de\))g(in)f(hadron)709 |
| | 42775 | 3072 y(or)32 b(diquark)h(\(including)d(sign)i(for)g(an)m(tiquark\),)h |
| | 42776 | (0)f(else.)236 3180 y Fq(=)52 b(14)g(:)165 b Fw(generation)48 |
| | 42777 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)92 b(Beam)48 b(particles)g(or)g(virtual)f(exc)m |
| | 42778 | (hange)k(particles)c(are)709 3289 y(generation)31 b(0,)g(original)e |
| | 42779 | (jets/particles)i(generation)g(1)h(and)g(then)g(1)f(is)h(added)g(for) |
| | 42780 | 709 3397 y(eac)m(h)h(step)h(in)d(the)i(fragmen)m(tation/deca)m(y)f(c)m |
| | 42781 | (hain.)236 3505 y Fq(=)52 b(15)g(:)165 b Fw(line)35 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j |
| | 42782 | (of)e(ancestor,)j(i.e.)57 b(predecessor)39 b(in)d(\014rst)i(generation) |
| | 42783 | e(\(generation)709 3614 y(0)c(en)m(tries)h(are)g(disregarded\).)236 |
| | 42784 | 3722 y Fq(=)52 b(16)g(:)165 b Fw(rank)43 b(of)g(a)g(hadron)g(in)g(the)h |
| | 42785 | (jet)f(it)f(b)s(elongs)h(to.)76 b(Rank)43 b(denotes)i(the)e(ordering) |
| | 42786 | 709 3830 y(in)36 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(space,)h(with)d(hadrons)i(con)m |
| | 42787 | (taining)d(the)i(original)d(\015a)m(v)m(our)k(of)e(the)h(jet)709 |
| | 42788 | 3939 y(ha)m(ving)27 b(rank)i(1,)g(increasing)e(b)m(y)i(1)f(for)f(eac)m |
| | 42789 | (h)i(step)g(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)h(in)d(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(ordering.)41 |
| | 42790 | b(All)709 4047 y(deca)m(y)f(pro)s(ducts)g(inherit)d(the)i(rank)h(of)e |
| | 42791 | (their)g(paren)m(t.)63 b(Whereas)41 b(the)e(meaning)709 |
| | 42792 | 4155 y(of)29 b(a)g(\014rst-rank)i(hadron)e(in)g(a)h(quark)g(jet)g(is)f |
| | 42793 | (alw)m(a)m(ys)i(w)m(ell-de\014ned,)f(the)g(de\014nition)709 |
| | 42794 | 4264 y(of)k(higher)g(ranks)h(is)g(only)f(meaningful)e(for)i(indep)s |
| | 42795 | (enden)m(tly)i(fragmen)m(ting)d(quark)709 4372 y(jets.)44 |
| | 42796 | b(In)32 b(other)h(cases,)h(rank)f(refers)g(to)f(the)h(ordering)e(in)h |
| | 42797 | (the)h(actual)e(sim)m(ulation,)709 4480 y(whic)m(h)i(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 42798 | (of)f(little)e(in)m(terest.)236 4589 y Fq(=)52 b(17)g(:)165 |
| | 42799 | b Fw(generation)28 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(after)e(a)h(collapse)f(of)h(a)g |
| | 42800 | (jet)g(system)h(in)m(to)e(one)h(particle,)g(with)709 |
| | 42801 | 4697 y(0)d(for)h(an)g(en)m(try)h(not)f(coming)f(from)g(a)g(collapse,)i |
| | 42802 | (and)f(-1)f(for)h(en)m(try)h(with)f(unkno)m(wn)709 4805 |
| | 42803 | y(history)-8 b(.)48 b(A)35 b(particle)e(formed)h(in)g(a)g(collapse)f |
| | 42804 | (is)h(generation)g(1,)h(and)f(then)h(one)g(is)709 4914 |
| | 42805 | y(added)e(in)f(eac)m(h)h(deca)m(y)h(step.)236 5022 y |
| | 42806 | Fq(=)52 b(18)g(:)165 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)47 b(of)f(deca)m(y/fragmen)m |
| | 42807 | (tation)f(pro)s(ducts)j(\(only)d(de\014ned)j(in)e(a)g(collectiv)m(e)709 |
| | 42808 | 5130 y(sense)34 b(for)e(fragmen)m(tation\).)236 5239 |
| | 42809 | y Fq(=)52 b(19)g(:)165 b Fw(origin)30 b(of)i(colour)g(for)g(sho)m(w)m |
| | 42810 | (ering)h(parton,)g(0)f(else.)236 5347 y Fq(=)52 b(20)g(:)165 |
| | 42811 | b Fw(origin)30 b(of)i(an)m(ticolour)f(for)h(sho)m(w)m(ering)h(parton,)g |
| | 42812 | (0)f(else.)236 5455 y Fq(=)52 b(21)g(:)165 b Fw(p)s(osition)30 |
| | 42813 | b(of)j(colour)e(daugh)m(ter)i(for)f(sho)m(w)m(ering)i(parton,)e(0)g |
| | 42814 | (else.)236 5564 y Fq(=)52 b(22)g(:)165 b Fw(p)s(osition)30 |
| | 42815 | b(of)j(an)m(ticolour)d(daugh)m(ter)k(for)e(sho)m(w)m(ering)h(parton,)f |
| | 42816 | (0)h(else.)1817 5953 y(263)p eop |
| | 42817 | %%Page: 264 270 |
| | 42818 | 264 269 bop 0 -110 825 9 v 0 115 9 225 v 79 30 a Fq(PP)52 |
| | 42819 | b(=)f(PLU\(I,J\))p 816 115 V 0 123 825 9 v 0 255 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)d |
| | 42820 | Fw(to)g(pro)m(vide)h(v)-5 b(arious)47 b(real-v)-5 b(alued)47 |
| | 42821 | b(ev)m(en)m(t)j(data.)91 b(Note)49 b(that)f(some)g(of)g(the)h(options) |
| | 42822 | 472 363 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)23 b(\()p Fq(I)p Fj(>)28 |
| | 42823 | b Fw(0,)e Fq(J)p Fw(=)i(20{25\),)d(whic)m(h)h(are)f(primarily)d(in)m |
| | 42824 | (tended)j(for)g(studies)g(of)g(systems)472 472 y(in)34 |
| | 42825 | b(their)g(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)h(c.m.)49 b(frame,)33 b(requires)i(that)f(a) |
| | 42826 | g Fq(LUEXEC)i Fw(call)d(has)h(b)s(een)h(made)f(for)472 |
| | 42827 | 580 y(the)43 b(curren)m(t)g(initial)38 b(parton/particle)i |
| | 42828 | (con\014guration,)j(but)g(that)e(the)i(latest)e Fq(LUEXEC)472 |
| | 42829 | 688 y Fw(call)31 b(has)i(not)g(b)s(een)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)f(b)m(y)h(a)f |
| | 42830 | Fq(LUROBO)j Fw(one.)0 797 y Fq(I=0,)52 b(J=)g(:)c Fw(prop)s(erties)32 |
| | 42831 | b(referring)g(to)g(the)h(complete)f(ev)m(en)m(t.)236 |
| | 42832 | 905 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(-)h(4)f(:)d Fw(sum)32 b(of)g Fj(p)1111 |
| | 42833 | 920 y Fh(x)1155 905 y Fw(,)h Fj(p)1264 920 y Fh(y)1305 |
| | 42834 | 905 y Fw(,)g Fj(p)1414 920 y Fh(z)1486 905 y Fw(and)g |
| | 42835 | Fj(E)6 b Fw(,)32 b(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)34 b(for)e(the)h(stable)f |
| | 42836 | (remaining)f(en)m(tries.)236 1013 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 |
| | 42837 | b Fw(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31 b(mass)h(of)g(the)h(stable)g(remaining)d |
| | 42838 | (en)m(tries.)236 1122 y Fq(=)52 b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(sum)32 |
| | 42839 | b(of)g(electric)g(c)m(harge)h(of)g(the)g(stable)f(remaining)e(en)m |
| | 42840 | (tries.)0 1230 y Fq(I>0,)52 b(J=)g(:)c Fw(prop)s(erties)32 |
| | 42841 | b(referring)g(to)g(the)h(en)m(try)h(in)e(line)f(no.)43 |
| | 42842 | b Fq(I)33 b Fw(of)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record.)236 1338 |
| | 42843 | y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(-)h(5)f(:)d(P\(I,1\))53 b(-)e(P\(I,5\))p |
| | 42844 | Fw(,)34 b(i.e.)43 b(normally)31 b Fj(p)2200 1353 y Fh(x)2243 |
| | 42845 | 1338 y Fw(,)i Fj(p)2352 1353 y Fh(y)2393 1338 y Fw(,)g |
| | 42846 | Fj(p)2502 1353 y Fh(z)2542 1338 y Fw(,)f Fj(E)39 b Fw(and)33 |
| | 42847 | b Fj(m)g Fw(for)f(jet/particle.)236 1447 y Fq(=)52 b(6)f(:)217 |
| | 42848 | b Fw(electric)32 b(c)m(harge)h Fj(e)p Fw(.)236 1555 y |
| | 42849 | Fq(=)52 b(7)f(:)217 b Fw(squared)34 b(momen)m(tum)d Fn(j)p |
| | 42850 | Fo(p)p Fn(j)1700 1519 y Fl(2)1766 1555 y Fw(=)d Fj(p)1919 |
| | 42851 | 1519 y Fl(2)1919 1580 y Fh(x)1985 1555 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)2132 |
| | 42852 | 1519 y Fl(2)2132 1580 y Fh(y)2196 1555 y Fw(+)g Fj(p)2343 |
| | 42853 | 1519 y Fl(2)2343 1580 y Fh(z)2382 1555 y Fw(.)236 1676 |
| | 42854 | y Fq(=)52 b(8)f(:)217 b Fw(absolute)32 b(momen)m(tum)f |
| | 42855 | Fn(j)p Fo(p)p Fn(j)p Fw(.)236 1784 y Fq(=)52 b(9)f(:)217 |
| | 42856 | b Fw(squared)34 b(transv)m(erse)g(momen)m(tum)d Fj(p)2092 |
| | 42857 | 1748 y Fl(2)2092 1809 y Fk(?)2179 1784 y Fw(=)d Fj(p)2332 |
| | 42858 | 1748 y Fl(2)2332 1809 y Fh(x)2398 1784 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)2545 |
| | 42859 | 1748 y Fl(2)2545 1809 y Fh(y)2586 1784 y Fw(.)236 1892 |
| | 42860 | y Fq(=)52 b(10)g(:)165 b Fw(transv)m(erse)34 b(momen)m(tum)e |
| | 42861 | Fj(p)1732 1907 y Fk(?)1791 1892 y Fw(.)236 2001 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 42862 | b(11)g(:)165 b Fw(squared)34 b(transv)m(erse)g(mass)f |
| | 42863 | Fj(m)1856 1964 y Fl(2)1856 2025 y Fk(?)1943 2001 y Fw(=)27 |
| | 42864 | b Fj(m)2131 1964 y Fl(2)2193 2001 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)2340 |
| | 42865 | 1964 y Fl(2)2340 2025 y Fh(x)2406 2001 y Fw(+)g Fj(p)2553 |
| | 42866 | 1964 y Fl(2)2553 2025 y Fh(y)2595 2001 y Fw(.)236 2109 |
| | 42867 | y Fq(=)52 b(12)g(:)165 b Fw(transv)m(erse)34 b(mass)f |
| | 42868 | Fj(m)1495 2124 y Fk(?)1554 2109 y Fw(.)236 2217 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 42869 | b(13)g(-)f(14)h(:)47 b Fw(p)s(olar)31 b(angle)h Fj(\022)k |
| | 42870 | Fw(in)c(radians)g(\(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(0)e(and)h Fj(\031)t |
| | 42871 | Fw(\))f(or)h(degrees,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)236 |
| | 42872 | 2326 y Fq(=)52 b(15)g(-)f(16)h(:)47 b Fw(azim)m(uthal)30 |
| | 42873 | b(angle)g Fj(')h Fw(in)g(radians)f(\(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k |
| | 42874 | Fn(\000)p Fj(\031)h Fw(and)d Fj(\031)t Fw(\))f(or)g(degrees,)i(resp)s |
| | 42875 | (ec-)709 2434 y(tiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)236 2542 y Fq(=)52 b(17)g(:)165 |
| | 42876 | b Fw(true)33 b(rapidit)m(y)e Fj(y)g Fw(=)c(\(1)p Fj(=)p |
| | 42877 | Fw(2\))33 b(ln)o(\(\()p Fj(E)28 b Fw(+)22 b Fj(p)2125 |
| | 42878 | 2557 y Fh(z)2165 2542 y Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(E)28 |
| | 42879 | b Fn(\000)22 b Fj(p)2538 2557 y Fh(z)2578 2542 y Fw(\)\).)236 |
| | 42880 | 2651 y Fq(=)52 b(18)g(:)165 b Fw(rapidit)m(y)30 b Fj(y)1124 |
| | 42881 | 2666 y Fh(\031)1202 2651 y Fw(obtained)g(b)m(y)i(assuming)f(that)g(the) |
| | 42882 | g(particle)f(is)h(a)g(pion)f(when)i(calcu-)709 2759 y(lating)27 |
| | 42883 | b(the)j(energy)h Fj(E)6 b Fw(,)31 b(to)e(b)s(e)h(used)h(in)e(the)h |
| | 42884 | (form)m(ula)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)j(from)e(the)h(\(assumed)709 |
| | 42885 | 2867 y(kno)m(wn\))k(momen)m(tum)d Fo(p)p Fw(.)236 2976 |
| | 42886 | y Fq(=)52 b(19)g(:)165 b Fw(pseudorapidit)m(y)32 b Fj(\021)g |
| | 42887 | Fw(=)27 b(\(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2\))33 b(ln)o(\(\()p Fj(p)22 |
| | 42888 | b Fw(+)g Fj(p)2184 2991 y Fh(z)2224 2976 y Fw(\))p Fj(=)p |
| | 42889 | Fw(\()p Fj(p)f Fn(\000)i Fj(p)2568 2991 y Fh(z)2608 2976 |
| | 42890 | y Fw(\)\).)236 3084 y Fq(=)52 b(20)g(:)165 b Fw(momen)m(tum)31 |
| | 42891 | b(fraction)g Fj(x)1636 3099 y Fh(p)1704 3084 y Fw(=)d(2)p |
| | 42892 | Fn(j)p Fo(p)p Fn(j)p Fj(=W)14 b Fw(,)31 b(where)j Fj(W)46 |
| | 42893 | b Fw(is)32 b(the)h(total)e(energy)j(of)e(initial)709 |
| | 42894 | 3192 y(jet/particle)f(con\014guration.)236 3301 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 42895 | b(21)g(:)165 b Fj(x)764 3316 y Fl(F)842 3301 y Fw(=)27 |
| | 42896 | b(2)p Fj(p)1043 3316 y Fh(z)1083 3301 y Fj(=W)46 b Fw(\(F)-8 |
| | 42897 | b(eynman-)p Fj(x)32 b Fw(if)g(system)h(is)f(studied)h(in)f(the)h(c.m.) |
| | 42898 | 43 b(frame\).)236 3409 y Fq(=)52 b(22)g(:)165 b Fj(x)764 |
| | 42899 | 3424 y Fk(?)851 3409 y Fw(=)27 b(2)p Fj(p)1052 3424 y |
| | 42900 | Fk(?)1111 3409 y Fj(=W)14 b Fw(.)236 3517 y Fq(=)52 b(23)g(:)165 |
| | 42901 | b Fj(x)764 3532 y Fh(E)851 3517 y Fw(=)28 b(2)p Fj(E)6 |
| | 42902 | b(=W)14 b Fw(.)236 3626 y Fq(=)52 b(24)g(:)165 b Fj(z)754 |
| | 42903 | 3641 y Fl(+)841 3626 y Fw(=)27 b(\()p Fj(E)h Fw(+)22 |
| | 42904 | b Fj(p)1229 3641 y Fh(z)1269 3626 y Fw(\))p Fj(=W)14 |
| | 42905 | b Fw(.)236 3734 y Fq(=)52 b(25)g(:)165 b Fj(z)754 3749 |
| | 42906 | y Fk(\000)841 3734 y Fw(=)27 b(\()p Fj(E)h Fn(\000)23 |
| | 42907 | b Fj(p)1231 3749 y Fh(z)1271 3734 y Fw(\))p Fj(=W)14 |
| | 42908 | b Fw(.)0 4008 y Fp(14.4)136 b(The)44 b(General)i(Switc)l(hes)f(and)g(P) |
| | 42909 | l(arameters)0 4181 y Fw(The)38 b(common)f(blo)s(c)m(k)g |
| | 42910 | Fq(LUDAT1)i Fw(is,)g(next)f(to)f Fq(LUJETS)p Fw(,)i(the)f(one)g(a)f |
| | 42911 | Fm(Jetset)g Fw(user)h(is)f(most)g(lik)m(ely)g(to)0 4289 |
| | 42912 | y(access.)47 b(Here)34 b(one)f(ma)m(y)g(con)m(trol)g(in)f(detail)g |
| | 42913 | (what)h(the)h(program)e(is)g(to)h(do,)g(if)f(the)i(default)f(mo)s(de)f |
| | 42914 | (of)0 4397 y(op)s(eration)f(is)h(not)h(satisfactory)-8 |
| | 42915 | b(.)p 0 4542 2876 9 v 0 4766 9 225 v 79 4682 a Fq |
| | 42916 | (COMMON/LUDAT1/MSTU\(200\),)q(PARU)q(\(200)q(\),MS)q(TJ\()q(200\))q |
| | 42917 | (,PAR)q(J\(20)q(0\))p 2867 4766 V 0 4774 2876 9 v 0 4906 |
| | 42918 | a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)31 b(giv)m(e)h(access)i(to)d(a)h(n)m(um)m |
| | 42919 | (b)s(er)g(of)f(status)i(co)s(des)g(and)f(parameters)f(whic)m(h)i |
| | 42920 | (regulate)e(the)472 5015 y(p)s(erformance)39 b(of)f(the)i(program)d(as) |
| | 42921 | i(a)g(whole.)62 b(Here)40 b Fq(MSTU)g Fw(and)f Fq(PARU)g |
| | 42922 | Fw(are)g(related)g(to)472 5123 y(utilit)m(y)22 b(functions,)j(as)e(w)m |
| | 42923 | (ell)f(as)i(a)e(few)i(parameters)f(of)g(the)g(Standard)h(Mo)s(del,)g |
| | 42924 | (while)e Fq(MSTJ)472 5231 y Fw(and)34 b Fq(PARJ)g Fw(a\013ect)g(the)g |
| | 42925 | (underlying)e(ph)m(ysics)j(assumptions.)46 b(Some)33 |
| | 42926 | b(of)f(the)i(v)-5 b(ariables)32 b(in)472 5340 y Fq(LUDAT1)47 |
| | 42927 | b Fw(are)f(describ)s(ed)g(elsewhere,)k(and)45 b(are)h(therefore)g(here) |
| | 42928 | g(only)f(repro)s(duced)h(as)472 5448 y(references)30 |
| | 42929 | b(to)d(the)h(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)27 b(sections.)43 b(This)27 |
| | 42930 | b(in)g(particular)f(applies)g(to)h(man)m(y)h(coupling)472 |
| | 42931 | 5556 y(constan)m(ts)36 b(mainly)d(used)i(b)m(y)i Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 42932 | Fw(,)e(whic)m(h)h(are)e(found)h(just)g(after)f(this,)h(in)e(section)472 |
| | 42933 | 5665 y(14.5.)1817 5953 y(264)p eop |
| | 42934 | %%Page: 265 271 |
| | 42935 | 265 270 bop 0 -18 a Fq(MSTU\(1\),MSTU\(2\))55 b(:)48 |
| | 42936 | b Fw(\(D=0,0\))28 b(can)j(b)s(e)f(used)h(to)e(replace)h(the)g(ordinary) |
| | 42937 | f(lo)m(w)m(er)h(and)g(upp)s(er)h(limits)472 90 y(\(normally)39 |
| | 42938 | b(1)h(and)h Fq(N)p Fw(\))g(for)f(the)h(action)f(of)47 |
| | 42939 | b Fq(LUROBO)p Fw(,)c(and)e(most)f Fq(LUEDIT)i Fw(and)f |
| | 42940 | Fq(LULIST)472 198 y Fw(calls.)i(Are)33 b(reset)g(to)f(0)h(in)f(a)g |
| | 42941 | Fq(LUEXEC)i Fw(call.)0 307 y Fq(MSTU\(3\))53 b(:)48 b |
| | 42942 | Fw(\(D=0\))34 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)g(lines)f(with)h(extra)g |
| | 42943 | (information)d(added)k(after)f(line)f Fq(N)p Fw(.)h(Is)h(reset)g(to)472 |
| | 42944 | 415 y(0)d(in)f(a)g Fq(LUEXEC)i Fw(call,)d(or)h(in)g(an)g |
| | 42945 | Fq(LUEDIT)j Fw(call)30 b(when)k(particles)e(are)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)0 |
| | 42946 | 523 y Fq(MSTU\(4\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=4000\))c(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j(of)f |
| | 42947 | (lines)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)44 b(in)i(the)h(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)h |
| | 42948 | Fq(LUJETS)p Fw(.)i(Should)472 632 y(alw)m(a)m(ys)d(b)s(e)f(c)m(hanged)h |
| | 42949 | (if)d(the)i(dimensions)f(of)h(the)g Fq(K)g Fw(and)g Fq(P)g |
| | 42950 | Fw(arra)m(ys)g(are)g(c)m(hanged)h(b)m(y)472 740 y(the)38 |
| | 42951 | b(user,)h(but)e(should)g(otherwise)h(nev)m(er)g(b)s(e)f(touc)m(hed.)58 |
| | 42952 | b(Maxim)m(um)36 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(is)472 |
| | 42953 | 848 y(10000,)c(unless)h Fq(MSTU\(5\))i Fw(is)d(also)f(c)m(hanged.)0 |
| | 42954 | 957 y Fq(MSTU\(5\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=10000\))35 b(is)h(used)i(in)e |
| | 42955 | (building)f(up)i(the)g(sp)s(ecial)f(colour-\015o)m(w)g(information)e |
| | 42956 | (stored)472 1065 y(in)h Fq(K\(I,4\))h Fw(and)f Fq(K\(I,5\))i |
| | 42957 | Fw(for)d Fq(K\(I,3\)=)j Fw(3,)e(13)g(or)f(14.)51 b(The)36 |
| | 42958 | b(generic)f(form)e(for)i Fq(j=)g Fw(4)g(or)472 1173 y(5)e(is)472 |
| | 42959 | 1282 y Fq(K\(I,j\))p Fw(=)d(2)p Fn(\002)p Fq(MSTU\(5\))1367 |
| | 42960 | 1245 y Fl(2)1408 1282 y Fn(\002)p Fw(MCFR+)p Fq(MSTU\(5\))2213 |
| | 42961 | 1245 y Fl(2)2255 1282 y Fn(\002)p Fw(MCTO+)p Fq(MSTU\(5\))p |
| | 42962 | Fn(\002)p Fw(ICFR+ICTO,)472 1390 y(with)38 b(notation)f(as)h(in)f |
| | 42963 | (section)h(5.2.)60 b(One)38 b(should)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g |
| | 42964 | Fq(MSTU\(5\))p Fn(\025)p Fq(MSTU\(4\))p Fw(.)472 1498 |
| | 42965 | y(On)34 b(a)g(32)f(bit)g(mac)m(hine,)g(v)-5 b(alues)34 |
| | 42966 | b Fq(MSTU\(5\))p Fj(>)d Fw(20000)i(ma)m(y)g(lead)g(to)h(o)m(v)m |
| | 42967 | (er\015o)m(w)h(problems,)472 1607 y(and)e(should)g(b)s(e)f(a)m(v)m |
| | 42968 | (oided.)0 1715 y Fq(MSTU\(6\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=500\))38 |
| | 42969 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)g(K)m(C)g(co)s(des)h(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 42970 | b(ailable)38 b(in)h(the)h Fq(KCHG)p Fw(,)h Fq(PMAS)p |
| | 42971 | Fw(,)g Fq(MDCY)p Fw(,)g(and)f Fq(CHAF)472 1823 y Fw(arra)m(ys;)34 |
| | 42972 | b(should)e(b)s(e)h(c)m(hanged)h(if)d(these)j(dimensions)e(are)g(c)m |
| | 42973 | (hanged.)0 1932 y Fq(MSTU\(7\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2000\))40 |
| | 42974 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j(of)f(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannels)g(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 42975 | b(ailable)40 b(in)i(the)g Fq(MDME)p Fw(,)i Fq(BRAT)f |
| | 42976 | Fw(and)f Fq(KFDP)472 2040 y Fw(arra)m(ys;)34 b(should)e(b)s(e)h(c)m |
| | 42977 | (hanged)h(if)d(these)j(dimensions)e(are)g(c)m(hanged.)0 |
| | 42978 | 2148 y Fq(MSTU\(10\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))e(use)i(of)e |
| | 42979 | (parton/particle)f(masses)j(in)e(\014lling)f(routines)h(\()p |
| | 42980 | Fq(LU1ENT)p Fw(,)j Fq(LU2ENT)p Fw(,)472 2257 y Fq(LU3ENT)p |
| | 42981 | Fw(,)35 b Fq(LU4ENT)p Fw(\).)236 2365 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 42982 | b Fw(assume)33 b(the)g(mass)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(zero.)236 |
| | 42983 | 2473 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(k)m(eep)31 b(the)g(mass)f(v)-5 |
| | 42984 | b(alue)29 b(stored)i(in)e Fq(P\(I,5\))p Fw(,)j(whatev)m(er)g(it)d(is.) |
| | 42985 | 42 b(\(This)30 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(used)709 2582 y(e.g.)43 |
| | 42986 | b(to)33 b(describ)s(e)g(kinematics)e(with)i(o\013-mass-shell)d |
| | 42987 | (partons\).)236 2690 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(\014nd)33 |
| | 42988 | b(masses)g(according)f(to)g(mass)h(tables)f(as)h(usual.)0 |
| | 42989 | 2798 y Fq(MSTU\(11\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=6\))39 b(\014le)g(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 42990 | (er)h(to)f(whic)m(h)h(all)e(program)g(output)i(is)f(directed.)65 |
| | 42991 | b(It)40 b(is)f(y)m(our)i(re-)472 2907 y(sp)s(onsibilit)m(y)31 |
| | 42992 | b(to)h(see)i(to)e(it)g(that)g(the)h(corresp)s(onding)g(\014le)f(is)g |
| | 42993 | (also)g(op)s(ened)h(for)f(output.)0 3015 y Fq(MSTU\(12\))53 |
| | 42994 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))d(writing)g(of)h(title)f(page)h(\(v)m(ersion)h(n)m |
| | 42995 | (um)m(b)s(er)g(and)g(last)e(date)i(of)f(c)m(hange)h(for)472 |
| | 42996 | 3123 y Fm(Pythia)33 b Fw(and)g Fm(Jetset)p Fw(\))e(on)i(output)g |
| | 42997 | (\014le.)236 3232 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(not)32 b(done.)236 |
| | 42998 | 3340 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(title)30 b(page)j(is)f(written)g(at)g |
| | 42999 | (\014rst)h(o)s(ccasion,)f(at)g(whic)m(h)g(time)f Fq(MSTU\(12\))k |
| | 43000 | Fw(is)d(set)h(=0.)0 3448 y Fq(MSTU\(13\))53 b(:)48 b |
| | 43001 | Fw(\(D=1\))56 b(writing)f(of)i(information)c(on)k(v)-5 |
| | 43002 | b(ariable)56 b(v)-5 b(alues)56 b(c)m(hanged)i(b)m(y)g(a)f |
| | 43003 | Fq(LUGIVE)472 3557 y Fw(call.)236 3665 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 43004 | b Fw(no)32 b(information)e(is)i(pro)m(vided.)236 3774 |
| | 43005 | y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(information)29 b(is)j(written)h(to)f |
| | 43006 | (standard)h(output.)0 3882 y Fq(MSTU\(14\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 43007 | b Fw(\(D=0\))32 b(if)f(non-zero,)i(this)g(giv)m(es)g(the)g(maxim)m(um)e |
| | 43008 | (\015a)m(v)m(our)j(for)e(whic)m(h)h(a)g Fq(LULIST\(12\))472 |
| | 43009 | 3990 y Fw(call)c(will)e(giv)m(e)j(particle)e(data)i(on)g(p)s(ossible)f |
| | 43010 | (hadrons.)43 b(With)29 b Fq(MSTU\(14\)=5)k Fw(only)c(kno)m(wn)472 |
| | 43011 | 4099 y(hadrons,)h(i.e.)41 b(up)29 b(to)e(b)s(ottom,)h(are)g(listed.)41 |
| | 43012 | b(If)35 b Fq(=0)p Fw(,)30 b(only)d(separately)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)h |
| | 43013 | (particles)472 4207 y(are)k(listed)f(\(i.e.)43 b(either)32 |
| | 43014 | b(KF)p Fn(\024)c Fw(100)k(or)g(else)h(b)s(oth)f(KF)p |
| | 43015 | Fj(>)27 b Fw(100)32 b(and)g(K)m(C)p Fj(>)d Fw(100\).)0 |
| | 43016 | 4315 y Fq(MSTU\(15\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))32 b(selection)h(for)g(c)m |
| | 43017 | (haracters)h(used)h(in)d(particle)g(names)i(to)f(denote)h(an)f(an)m |
| | 43018 | (tipar-)472 4424 y(ticle;)f(app)s(ear)g(in)g Fq(LULIST)i |
| | 43019 | Fw(listings)d(or)h(other)h Fq(LUNAME)h Fw(applications.)236 |
| | 43020 | 4532 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)33 b(tilde)e(c)m(haracter)i(`)p |
| | 43021 | Fn(\030)p Fw('.)236 4640 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(the)33 |
| | 43022 | b(c)m(haracters)h(`bar'.)0 4749 y Fq(MSTU\(16\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 43023 | b Fw(\(D=1\))26 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)e(mother)h(p)s(oin)m(ters)g(for)g(the) |
| | 43024 | h(particles)e(pro)s(duced)i(b)m(y)g(a)f(fragmen)m(ting)472 |
| | 43025 | 4857 y(parton)33 b(system.)236 4965 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 43026 | b Fw(all)30 b(primary)g(particles)i(of)f(a)h(system)h(p)s(oin)m(t)e(to) |
| | 43027 | h(a)g(line)f(with)g(KF)h(=)g(92)f(or)h(93,)g(for)709 |
| | 43028 | 5074 y(string)k(or)h(indep)s(enden)m(t)i(fragmen)m(tation,)e(resp)s |
| | 43029 | (ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)39 b(or)e(to)g(a)g(line)f(with)h(KF)709 |
| | 43030 | 5182 y(=)f(91)h(if)e(a)i(jet)g(system)g(has)h(so)f(small)d(a)j(mass)g |
| | 43031 | (that)f(it)g(is)g(forced)i(to)e(deca)m(y)i(in)m(to)709 |
| | 43032 | 5290 y(one)31 b(or)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(particles.)42 b(The)33 |
| | 43033 | b(t)m(w)m(o)f(\(or)f(more\))f(sho)m(w)m(er)k(initiators)28 |
| | 43034 | b(of)j(a)h(sho)m(w)m(ering)709 5399 y(parton)41 b(system)h(p)s(oin)m(t) |
| | 43035 | f(to)g(a)g(line)f(with)h(KF)f(=)h(94.)70 b(The)42 b(en)m(tries)g(with)f |
| | 43036 | (KF)g(=)709 5507 y(91{94)e(in)h(their)g(turn)h(p)s(oin)m(t)f(bac)m(k)h |
| | 43037 | (to)g(the)g(predecessor)i(partons,)g(so)e(that)f(the)709 |
| | 43038 | 5615 y(KF)32 b(=)g(91{94)f(en)m(tries)j(form)d(a)h(part)h(of)f(the)h |
| | 43039 | (ev)m(en)m(t)h(history)f(prop)s(er.)1817 5953 y(265)p |
| | 43040 | eop |
| | 43041 | %%Page: 266 272 |
| | 43042 | 266 271 bop 236 -18 a Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(although)29 |
| | 43043 | b(the)h(lines)g(with)f(KF)h(=)g(91{94)f(are)h(presen)m(t,)i(and)f(con)m |
| | 43044 | (tain)e(the)i(correct)709 90 y(mother)44 b(and)g(daugh)m(ter)i(p)s(oin) |
| | 43045 | m(ters,)h(they)f(are)e(not)h(part)f(of)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(history) |
| | 43046 | 709 198 y(prop)s(er,)32 b(in)f(that)h(particles)f(pro)s(duced)i(in)e |
| | 43047 | (string)g(fragmen)m(tation)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(directly)709 |
| | 43048 | 307 y(to)26 b(either)g(of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(endp)s(oin)m(t)g(partons) |
| | 43049 | g(of)f(the)h(string)f(\(dep)s(ending)h(on)f(the)h(side)709 |
| | 43050 | 415 y(they)36 b(w)m(ere)i(generated)e(from\),)g(particles)f(pro)s |
| | 43051 | (duced)i(in)e(indep)s(enden)m(t)i(fragmen-)709 523 y(tation)28 |
| | 43052 | b(p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)i(the)g(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)h(parton)e(they)h(w)m(ere)h |
| | 43053 | (generated)f(from,)f(particles)709 632 y(in)d(small)e(mass)j(systems)h |
| | 43054 | (p)s(oin)m(t)e(to)g(either)h(endp)s(oin)m(t)g(parton,)g(and)g(sho)m(w)m |
| | 43055 | (er)i(initia-)709 740 y(tors)37 b(p)s(oin)m(t)f(to)h(the)g(original)d |
| | 43056 | (on-mass-shell)h(coun)m(terparts.)58 b(Also)37 b(the)g(daugher)709 |
| | 43057 | 848 y(p)s(oin)m(ters)c(b)m(ypass)i(the)f(KF)f(=)g(91{94)f(en)m(tries.) |
| | 43058 | 46 b(In)34 b(indep)s(enden)m(t)g(fragmen)m(tation,)709 |
| | 43059 | 957 y(a)h(parton)g(need)h(not)f(pro)s(duce)h(an)m(y)g(particles)e(at)h |
| | 43060 | (all,)f(and)h(then)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(daugh)m(ter)709 1065 |
| | 43061 | y(p)s(oin)m(ters)32 b(0.)236 1173 y Fo(Note)37 b(:)166 |
| | 43062 | b Fq(MSTU\(16\))30 b Fw(should)e(not)g(b)s(e)h(c)m(hanged)g(b)s(et)m(w) |
| | 43063 | m(een)i(the)d(generation)g(of)g(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(and)709 |
| | 43064 | 1282 y(the)40 b(translation)f(of)h(this)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record)f(with)f |
| | 43065 | (a)g Fq(LUHEPC)h Fw(call,)g(since)g(this)f(ma)m(y)709 |
| | 43066 | 1390 y(giv)m(e)32 b(an)h(erroneous)g(translation)e(of)h(the)h(ev)m(en)m |
| | 43067 | (t)h(history)-8 b(.)0 1498 y Fq(MSTU\(17\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 43068 | b Fw(\(D=0\))34 b(storage)g(option)g(for)g Fq(MSTU\(90\))j |
| | 43069 | Fw(and)e(asso)s(ciated)g(information)c(on)k Fj(z)40 b |
| | 43070 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues)472 1607 y(for)32 b(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)j(pro)s |
| | 43071 | (duction.)236 1715 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b(MSTU\(90\))41 |
| | 43072 | b Fw(is)e(reset)h(to)f(zero)h(at)f(eac)m(h)h Fq(LUEXEC)h |
| | 43073 | Fw(call.)61 b(This)40 b(is)f(the)g(appropriate)709 1823 |
| | 43074 | y(course)i(if)46 b Fq(LUEXEC)c Fw(is)d(only)h(called)f(once)i(p)s(er)f |
| | 43075 | (ev)m(en)m(t,)k(as)c(is)g(normally)e(the)j(case)709 1932 |
| | 43076 | y(when)33 b(y)m(ou)h(do)e(not)h(y)m(ourself)f(call)f |
| | 43077 | Fq(LUEXEC)p Fw(.)236 2040 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(y)m(ou)31 |
| | 43078 | b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)d(reset)i Fq(MSTU\(90\))h Fw(to)e(zero)g(y)m(ourself) |
| | 43079 | h(b)s(efore)f(eac)m(h)h(new)f(ev)m(en)m(t.)45 b(This)709 |
| | 43080 | 2148 y(is)23 b(the)i(appropriate)e(course)j(if)d(sev)m(eral)i |
| | 43081 | Fq(LUEXEC)g Fw(calls)e(ma)m(y)h(app)s(ear)g(for)g(one)h(ev)m(en)m(t,) |
| | 43082 | 709 2257 y(i.e.)43 b(if)31 b(y)m(ou)i(call)e Fq(LUEXEC)j |
| | 43083 | Fw(directly)-8 b(.)0 2365 y Fq(MSTU\(19\))53 b(:)48 b |
| | 43084 | Fw(\(D=0\))30 b(advisory)i(w)m(arning)f(for)g(unph)m(ysical)h(\015a)m |
| | 43085 | (v)m(our)g(setups)h(in)e Fq(LU2ENT)p Fw(,)i Fq(LU3ENT)g |
| | 43086 | Fw(or)472 2473 y Fq(LU4ENT)i Fw(calls.)236 2582 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 43087 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(y)m(es.)236 2690 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 43088 | b Fw(no;)32 b Fq(MSTU\(19\))j Fw(is)d(reset)i(to)e(0)g(in)g(suc)m(h)i |
| | 43089 | (a)e(call.)0 2798 y Fq(MSTU\(21\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))c(c)m(hec)m(k) |
| | 43090 | j(on)e(p)s(ossible)f(errors)h(during)f(program)g(execution.)81 |
| | 43091 | b(Ob)m(viously)45 b(no)472 2907 y(guaran)m(tee)35 b(is)f(giv)m(en)g |
| | 43092 | (that)g(all)e(errors)j(will)d(b)s(e)i(caugh)m(t,)i(but)e(some)g(of)g |
| | 43093 | (the)g(most)g(trivial)472 3015 y(user-caused)h(errors)e(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e) |
| | 43094 | h(found.)236 3123 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(errors)29 |
| | 43095 | b(do)h(not)f(cause)h(an)m(y)g(immediate)d(action,)i(rather)g(the)h |
| | 43096 | (program)e(will)f(try)j(to)709 3232 y(cop)s(e,)j(whic)m(h)g(ma)m(y)f |
| | 43097 | (mean)g(e.g.)44 b(that)32 b(it)g(runs)h(in)m(to)f(an)g(in\014nite)g(lo) |
| | 43098 | s(op.)236 3340 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(parton/particle)42 |
| | 43099 | b(con\014gurations)h(are)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)j(for)c(p)s(ossible)g |
| | 43100 | (errors.)77 b(In)45 b(case)709 3448 y(of)34 b(problem,)h(an)g(exit)g |
| | 43101 | (is)f(made)h(from)f(the)h(misb)s(eha)m(ving)f(subprogram,)i(but)f(the) |
| | 43102 | 709 3557 y(generation)23 b(of)h(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(is)d(con)m(tin)m |
| | 43103 | (ued)h(from)e(there)i(on.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)24 b(the)g(\014rst)h |
| | 43104 | Fq(MSTU\(22\))709 3665 y Fw(errors)33 b(a)f(a)g(message)h(is)f(prin)m |
| | 43105 | (ted;)h(after)f(that)h(no)f(messages)i(app)s(ear.)236 |
| | 43106 | 3774 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(parton/particle)31 b(con\014gurations)h |
| | 43107 | (are)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)i(for)d(p)s(ossible)g(errors.)44 |
| | 43108 | b(In)33 b(case)h(of)709 3882 y(problem,)41 b(an)g(exit)f(is)h(made)f |
| | 43109 | (from)f(the)i(misb)s(eha)m(ving)f(subprogram,)i(and)f(sub-)709 |
| | 43110 | 3990 y(sequen)m(tly)f(from)d Fq(LUEXEC)p Fw(.)i(Y)-8 |
| | 43111 | b(ou)39 b(ma)m(y)f(then)g(c)m(ho)s(ose)h(to)f(correct)h(the)g(error,)g |
| | 43112 | (and)709 4099 y(con)m(tin)m(ue)g(the)g(execution)g(b)m(y)h(another)e |
| | 43113 | Fq(LUEXEC)j Fw(call.)59 b(F)-8 b(or)38 b(the)h(\014rst)g |
| | 43114 | Fq(MSTU\(22\))709 4207 y Fw(errors)34 b(a)h(message)f(is)g(prin)m(ted,) |
| | 43115 | i(after)e(that)g(the)h(last)e(ev)m(en)m(t)k(is)d(prin)m(ted)g(and)h |
| | 43116 | (exe-)709 4315 y(cution)d(is)g(stopp)s(ed.)0 4424 y Fq(MSTU\(22\))53 |
| | 43117 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=10\))31 b(maxim)m(um)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j(of)g(errors)f |
| | 43118 | (that)h(are)f(prin)m(ted.)0 4532 y Fq(MSTU\(23\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 43119 | b Fw(\(I\))32 b(coun)m(t)i(of)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(errors)h(exp)s |
| | 43120 | (erienced)h(to)e(date.)0 4640 y Fq(MSTU\(24\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 43121 | b Fw(\(R\))31 b(t)m(yp)s(e)h(of)f(latest)g(error)h(exp)s(erienced;)h |
| | 43122 | (reason)f(that)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(w)m(as)g(not)e(generated)h(in)472 |
| | 43123 | 4749 y(full.)42 b(Is)33 b(reset)h(at)e(eac)m(h)i Fq(LUEXEC)g |
| | 43124 | Fw(call.)236 4857 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)32 b(error)h(exp)s |
| | 43125 | (erienced.)236 4965 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(ha)m(v)m(e)34 |
| | 43126 | b(reac)m(hed)g(end)f(of)f(or)g(are)h(writing)e(outside)h |
| | 43127 | Fq(LUJETS)i Fw(memory)-8 b(.)236 5074 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 43128 | b Fw(unkno)m(wn)38 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(co)s(de)g(or)f(unph)m(ysical)g |
| | 43129 | (com)m(bination)f(of)h(co)s(des;)j(ma)m(y)d(also)f(b)s(e)709 |
| | 43130 | 5182 y(caused)f(b)m(y)f(erroneous)h(string)d(connection)i(information.) |
| | 43131 | 236 5290 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(energy)33 b(or)g(mass)f(to)s(o)g |
| | 43132 | (small)e(or)i(unph)m(ysical)h(kinematical)d(v)-5 b(ariable)31 |
| | 43133 | b(setup.)236 5399 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(program)31 |
| | 43134 | b(is)h(caugh)m(t)h(in)f(an)g(in\014nite)g(lo)s(op.)236 |
| | 43135 | 5507 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(momen)m(tum,)35 b(energy)i(or)f(c)m |
| | 43136 | (harge)g(w)m(as)h(not)f(conserv)m(ed)i(\(ev)m(en)g(allo)m(wing)c(for)h |
| | 43137 | (ma-)709 5615 y(c)m(hine)k(precision)f(errors,)i(see)g |
| | 43138 | Fq(PARU\(11\))p Fw(\);)k(is)38 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)38 b(only)g(after)h |
| | 43139 | (ev)m(en)m(t)h(has)1817 5953 y(266)p eop |
| | 43140 | %%Page: 267 273 |
| | 43141 | 267 272 bop 709 -18 a Fw(b)s(een)29 b(generated)h(in)e(full,)g(and)i |
| | 43142 | (do)s(es)f(not)g(apply)g(when)h(indep)s(enden)m(t)g(fragmen)m(ta-)709 |
| | 43143 | 90 y(tion)h(without)h(momen)m(tum)f(conserv)-5 b(ation)33 |
| | 43144 | b(w)m(as)g(used.)236 198 y Fq(=)52 b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(error)36 |
| | 43145 | b(call)e(from)h(outside)h(the)h(fragmen)m(tation/deca)m(y)e(pac)m(k)-5 |
| | 43146 | b(age)37 b(\(e.g.)54 b(the)37 b(e)3618 162 y Fl(+)3677 |
| | 43147 | 198 y Fw(e)3720 162 y Fk(\000)709 307 y Fw(routines\).)236 |
| | 43148 | 415 y Fq(=)52 b(7)f(:)217 b Fw(inconsisten)m(t)29 b(particle)e(data)h |
| | 43149 | (input)g(in)g Fq(LUUPDA)i Fw(\()p Fq(MUPDA)52 b(=)g(2)p |
| | 43150 | Fw(\))29 b(or)f(other)g Fq(LUUPDA)p Fw(-)709 523 y(related)k(problem.) |
| | 43151 | 236 632 y Fq(=)52 b(8)f(:)217 b Fw(problems)31 b(in)h(more)g(p)s |
| | 43152 | (eripheral)g(service)h(routines.)236 740 y Fq(=)52 b(9)f(:)217 |
| | 43153 | b Fw(v)-5 b(arious)31 b(other)i(problems.)0 848 y Fq(MSTU\(25\))53 |
| | 43154 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(prin)m(ting)h(of)g(w)m(arning)g(messages.)236 |
| | 43155 | 957 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)32 b(w)m(arnings)h(are)f(written.)236 |
| | 43156 | 1065 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(\014rst)33 b Fq(MSTU\(26\))h |
| | 43157 | Fw(w)m(arnings)f(are)g(prin)m(ted,)f(thereafter)i(no)e(w)m(arnings)h |
| | 43158 | (app)s(ear.)0 1173 y Fq(MSTU\(26\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=10\))31 |
| | 43159 | b(maxim)m(um)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j(of)g(w)m(arnings)f(that)h(are)f(prin)m |
| | 43160 | (ted.)0 1282 y Fq(MSTU\(27\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(I\))32 |
| | 43161 | b(coun)m(t)i(of)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(w)m(arnings)h(exp)s(erienced)h |
| | 43162 | (to)e(date.)0 1390 y Fq(MSTU\(28\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(R\))31 |
| | 43163 | b(t)m(yp)s(e)h(of)f(latest)f(w)m(arning)h(giv)m(en,)h(with)f(co)s(des)h |
| | 43164 | (paralleling)c(those)k(for)e Fq(MSTU\(24\))p Fw(,)472 |
| | 43165 | 1498 y(but)j(of)f(a)h(less)g(serious)f(nature.)0 1607 |
| | 43166 | y Fq(MSTU\(31\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(I\))32 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)40 |
| | 43167 | b Fq(LUEXEC)34 b Fw(calls)d(in)h(presen)m(t)i(run.)0 |
| | 43168 | 1715 y Fq(MSTU\(32\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(I\))32 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)g |
| | 43169 | (en)m(tries)g(stored)g(with)f Fq(LUEDIT\(-1\))j Fw(call.)0 |
| | 43170 | 1823 y Fq(MSTU\(33\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(I\))38 b(if)f(set)i(1)f(b)s |
| | 43171 | (efore)h(a)f Fq(LUDBRB)i Fw(call,)e(the)g Fq(V)h Fw(v)m(ectors)h(\(in)d |
| | 43172 | (the)i(particle)e(range)h(to)g(b)s(e)472 1932 y(rotated/b)s(o)s |
| | 43173 | (osted\))32 b(are)f(set)i(0)e(b)s(efore)g(the)h(rotation/b)s(o)s(ost.) |
| | 43174 | 41 b Fq(MSTU\(33\))34 b Fw(is)d(set)h(bac)m(k)h(to)472 |
| | 43175 | 2040 y(0)g(in)f(the)h Fq(LUDBRB)h Fw(call.)41 b(Is)34 |
| | 43176 | b(inactiv)m(e)e(in)g(a)g Fq(LUROBO)i Fw(call.)0 2148 |
| | 43177 | y Fq(MSTU\(41\))53 b(-)f(MSTU\(63\))h(:)48 b Fw(switc)m(hes)34 |
| | 43178 | b(for)e(ev)m(en)m(t-analysis)h(routines,)g(see)h(section)e(15.4.)0 |
| | 43179 | 2257 y Fq(MSTU\(70\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))22 b(the)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er) |
| | 43180 | f(of)g(lines)g(consisting)f(only)h(of)g(equal)g(signs)g(\()p |
| | 43181 | Fq(======)p Fw(\))h(that)f(are)h(in-)472 2365 y(serted)k(in)e(the)h(ev) |
| | 43182 | m(en)m(t)h(listing)d(obtained)h(with)g Fq(LULIST\(1\))p |
| | 43183 | Fw(,)k Fq(LULIST\(2\))f Fw(or)d Fq(LULIST\(3\))p Fw(,)472 |
| | 43184 | 2473 y(so)35 b(as)g(to)f(distinguish)f(di\013eren)m(t)i(sections)g(of)g |
| | 43185 | (the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record)f(on)f(output.)50 b(A)m(t)35 |
| | 43186 | b(most)472 2582 y(10)i(suc)m(h)h(lines)e(can)h(b)s(e)g(inserted;)j(see) |
| | 43187 | e Fq(MSTU\(71\))53 b(-)f(MSTU\(80\))p Fw(.)58 b(Is)38 |
| | 43188 | b(reset)f(at)g Fq(LUEDIT)472 2690 y Fw(calls)32 b(with)g(argumen)m(ts)h |
| | 43189 | (0{5.)0 2798 y Fq(MSTU\(71\))53 b(-)f(MSTU\(80\))h(:)48 |
| | 43190 | b Fw(line)38 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)i(b)s(elo)m(w)f(whic)m(h)g(lines)g |
| | 43191 | (consisting)f(only)h(of)f(equal)i(signs)472 2907 y(\()p |
| | 43192 | Fq(======)p Fw(\))48 b(are)e(inserted)h(in)e(ev)m(en)m(t)j(listings.)82 |
| | 43193 | b(Only)46 b(the)g(\014rst)h Fq(MSTU\(70\))h Fw(of)d(the)i(10)472 |
| | 43194 | 3015 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)32 b(p)s(ositions)g(are)g(enabled.)0 |
| | 43195 | 3123 y Fq(MSTU\(90\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)34 |
| | 43196 | b(of)g(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)i(hadrons)e(\(i.e.)47 |
| | 43197 | b(hadrons)35 b(con)m(taining)e(c)m(harm)g(or)h(hea)m(vier)472 |
| | 43198 | 3232 y(\015a)m(v)m(ours\))29 b(pro)s(duced)f(in)e(curren)m(t)i(ev)m(en) |
| | 43199 | m(t,)i(for)d(whic)m(h)g(the)h(p)s(ositions)d(in)i(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i |
| | 43200 | (record)472 3340 y(are)34 b(stored)g(in)e Fq(MSTU\(91\))54 |
| | 43201 | b(-)d(MSTU\(98\))36 b Fw(and)d(the)h Fj(z)k Fw(v)-5 b(alues)33 |
| | 43202 | b(in)g(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)d(in)472 3448 y Fq(PARU\(91\))54 |
| | 43203 | b(-)d(PARU\(98\))p Fw(.)k(A)m(t)36 b(most)g(eigh)m(t)f(v)-5 |
| | 43204 | b(alues)36 b(will)d(b)s(e)j(stored)g(\(normally)e(this)h(is)472 |
| | 43205 | 3557 y(no)43 b(problem\).)72 b(No)42 b Fj(z)47 b Fw(v)-5 |
| | 43206 | b(alues)43 b(can)g(b)s(e)f(stored)h(for)f(those)i(hea)m(vy)g(hadrons)f |
| | 43207 | (pro)s(duced)472 3665 y(when)36 b(a)f(string)f(has)h(so)g(small)e(mass) |
| | 43208 | i(that)f(it)g(collapses)g(to)h(one)g(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(particles,)f(nor) |
| | 43209 | 472 3774 y(for)g(those)h(pro)s(duced)g(as)g(one)f(of)g(the)h(\014nal)e |
| | 43210 | (t)m(w)m(o)i(particles)e(in)h(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)d(of)i(a)472 |
| | 43211 | 3882 y(string.)59 b(If)44 b Fq(MSTU\(17\)=1)p Fw(,)e |
| | 43212 | Fq(MSTU\(90\))d Fw(should)f(b)s(e)g(reset)h(to)e(zero)h(b)m(y)g(y)m(ou) |
| | 43213 | h(b)s(efore)f(eac)m(h)472 3990 y(new)c(ev)m(en)m(t,)g(else)f(this)g(is) |
| | 43214 | f(done)h(automatically)-8 b(.)0 4099 y Fq(MSTU\(91\))53 |
| | 43215 | b(-)f(MSTU\(98\))h(:)48 b Fw(the)27 b(\014rst)g Fq(MSTU\(90\))i |
| | 43216 | Fw(p)s(ositions)d(will)e(b)s(e)k(\014lled)d(with)i(the)g(line)f(n)m(um) |
| | 43217 | m(b)s(ers)472 4207 y(of)44 b(the)g(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)h(hadrons)f |
| | 43218 | (pro)s(duced)h(in)e(the)h(curren)m(t)g(ev)m(en)m(t.)79 |
| | 43219 | b(See)44 b Fq(MSTU\(90\))472 4315 y Fw(for)38 b(additional)e(commen)m |
| | 43220 | (ts.)61 b(Note)38 b(that)g(the)h(information)c(is)j(corrupted)h(b)m(y)h |
| | 43221 | (calls)d(to)472 4424 y Fq(LUEDIT)e Fw(with)d(options)g(0{5)g(and)g |
| | 43222 | (21{23;)g(calls)f(with)h(options)g(11{15)g(w)m(ork,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m |
| | 43223 | (er.)0 4532 y Fq(MSTU\(101\))54 b(-)d(MSTU\(118\))j(:)47 |
| | 43224 | b Fw(switc)m(hes)35 b(related)d(to)g(couplings,)g(see)h(section)g |
| | 43225 | (14.5.)0 4640 y Fq(MSTU\(161\),)54 b(MSTU\(162\))g(:)47 |
| | 43226 | b Fw(information)29 b(used)34 b(b)m(y)g(ev)m(en)m(t-analysis)f |
| | 43227 | (routines,)g(see)g(section)g(15.4.)0 4749 y Fq(MSTU\(181\))54 |
| | 43228 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))32 b Fm(Jetset)g Fw(v)m(ersion)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)0 |
| | 43229 | 4857 y Fq(MSTU\(182\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))32 b Fm(Jetset)g |
| | 43230 | Fw(sub)m(v)m(ersion)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)0 4965 y Fq(MSTU\(183\))54 |
| | 43231 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(R\))32 b(last)g(y)m(ear)i(of)e(c)m(hange)h(for)f |
| | 43232 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)0 5074 y Fq(MSTU\(184\))54 b(:)47 b |
| | 43233 | Fw(\(R\))32 b(last)g(mon)m(th)g(of)g(c)m(hange)i(for)e |
| | 43234 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)0 5182 y Fq(MSTU\(185\))54 b(:)47 b |
| | 43235 | Fw(\(R\))32 b(last)g(da)m(y)h(of)g(c)m(hange)g(for)f |
| | 43236 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)0 5290 y Fq(MSTU\(186\))54 b(:)47 b |
| | 43237 | Fw(\(R\))35 b(earliest)g(sub)m(v)m(ersion)i(of)42 b Fm(Pythia)36 |
| | 43238 | b Fw(v)m(ersion)g(5)f(with)g(whic)m(h)h(this)g Fm(Jetset)e |
| | 43239 | Fw(sub-)472 5399 y(v)m(ersion)g(can)e(b)s(e)h(run.)0 |
| | 43240 | 5561 y Fq(PARU\(1\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(R\))32 b Fj(\031)f |
| | 43241 | Fn(\031)e Fw(3)p Fj(:)p Fw(1415927.)1817 5953 y(267)p |
| | 43242 | eop |
| | 43243 | %%Page: 268 274 |
| | 43244 | 268 273 bop 0 -18 a Fq(PARU\(2\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(R\))32 |
| | 43245 | b(2)p Fj(\031)f Fn(\031)d Fw(6)p Fj(:)p Fw(2831854.)0 |
| | 43246 | 90 y Fq(PARU\(3\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.1973\))30 b(con)m(v)m(ersion)k |
| | 43247 | (factor)e(for)g(GeV)2134 54 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2256 90 |
| | 43248 | y Fn(!)g Fw(fm)g(or)g(fm)2763 54 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2884 |
| | 43249 | 90 y Fn(!)g Fw(GeV.)0 198 y Fq(PARU\(4\))53 b(:)48 b |
| | 43250 | Fw(\(D=5.068\))31 b(con)m(v)m(ersion)i(factor)f(for)g(fm)g |
| | 43251 | Fn(!)g Fw(GeV)2361 162 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2488 198 y Fw(or)g(GeV)h |
| | 43252 | Fn(!)f Fw(fm)3077 162 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)3170 198 y Fw(.)0 |
| | 43253 | 307 y Fq(PARU\(5\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.3894\))30 b(con)m(v)m(ersion)k |
| | 43254 | (factor)e(for)g(GeV)2134 270 y Fk(\000)p Fl(2)2256 307 |
| | 43255 | y Fn(!)g Fw(m)m(b)h(or)f(m)m(b)2806 270 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2928 |
| | 43256 | 307 y Fn(!)g Fw(GeV)3253 270 y Fl(2)3292 307 y Fw(.)0 |
| | 43257 | 415 y Fq(PARU\(6\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2.568\))31 b(con)m(v)m(ersion)i |
| | 43258 | (factor)f(for)g(m)m(b)h Fn(!)f Fw(GeV)2383 379 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 43259 | Fl(2)2510 415 y Fw(or)g(GeV)2822 379 y Fl(2)2889 415 |
| | 43260 | y Fn(!)g Fw(m)m(b)3154 379 y Fk(\000)p Fl(1)3248 415 |
| | 43261 | y Fw(.)0 523 y Fq(PARU\(11\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.001\))31 |
| | 43262 | b(relativ)m(e)h(error,)h(i.e.)43 b(nonconserv)-5 b(ation)33 |
| | 43263 | b(of)f(momen)m(tum)f(and)i(energy)h(di-)472 632 y(vided)29 |
| | 43264 | b(b)m(y)g(total)e(energy)-8 b(,)30 b(that)e(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 43265 | (attributable)e(to)h(mac)m(hine)f(precision)h(problems)472 |
| | 43266 | 740 y(b)s(efore)33 b(a)f(ph)m(ysics)i(error)f(is)f(susp)s(ected)j |
| | 43267 | (\(see)e Fq(MSTU\(24\)=5)p Fw(\).)0 848 y Fq(PARU\(12\))53 |
| | 43268 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.09)32 b(GeV)1148 812 y Fl(2)1188 848 |
| | 43269 | y Fw(\))h(e\013ectiv)m(e)i(cut-o\013)e(in)g(squared)i(mass,)f(b)s(elo)m |
| | 43270 | (w)g(whic)m(h)g(partons)g(ma)m(y)472 957 y(b)s(e)48 b(recom)m(bined)f |
| | 43271 | (to)g(simplify)e(\(mac)m(hine)h(precision)h(limited\))d(kinematics)i |
| | 43272 | (of)h(string)472 1065 y(fragmen)m(tation.)0 1173 y Fq(PARU\(13\))53 |
| | 43273 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.01\))37 b(e\013ectiv)m(e)i(angular)e(cut-o\013)h(in)g |
| | 43274 | (radians)g(for)g(recom)m(bination)e(of)i(partons,)472 |
| | 43275 | 1282 y(used)c(in)e(conjunction)g(with)h Fq(PARU\(12\))p |
| | 43276 | Fw(.)0 1390 y Fq(PARU\(21\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(I\))37 b(con)m(tains)f |
| | 43277 | (the)i(total)d(energy)j Fj(W)50 b Fw(of)36 b(all)f(\014rst)i |
| | 43278 | (generation)f(jets/particles)g(after)h(a)472 1498 y Fq(LUEXEC)e |
| | 43279 | Fw(call;)30 b(to)j(b)s(e)f(used)i(b)m(y)g(the)f Fq(PLU)g |
| | 43280 | Fw(function)f(for)g Fq(I>0)p Fw(,)i Fq(J=)f Fw(20{25.)0 |
| | 43281 | 1607 y Fq(PARU\(41\))53 b(-)f(PARU\(63\))h(:)48 b Fw(parameters)32 |
| | 43282 | b(for)g(ev)m(en)m(t-analysis)i(routines,)e(see)i(section)f(15.4.)0 |
| | 43283 | 1715 y Fq(PARU\(91\))53 b(-)f(PARU\(98\))h(:)48 b Fw(the)36 |
| | 43284 | b(\014rst)g Fq(MSTU\(90\))i Fw(p)s(ositions)c(will)f(b)s(e)j(\014lled)f |
| | 43285 | (with)g(the)h(fragmen)m(ta-)472 1823 y(tion)44 b Fj(z)50 |
| | 43286 | b Fw(v)-5 b(alues)44 b(used)i(in)m(ternally)d(in)h(the)i(generation)e |
| | 43287 | (of)g(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)j(hadrons)e(|)472 1932 |
| | 43288 | y(ho)m(w)29 b(these)f(are)g(translated)f(in)m(to)g(the)h(actual)e |
| | 43289 | (energies)i(and)g(momen)m(ta)e(of)i(the)f(observ)m(ed)472 |
| | 43290 | 2040 y(hadrons)44 b(is)f(a)g(complicated)f(function)h(of)g(the)h |
| | 43291 | (string)e(con\014guration.)75 b(The)45 b(particle)472 |
| | 43292 | 2148 y(with)d Fj(z)k Fw(v)-5 b(alue)41 b(stored)h(in)f |
| | 43293 | Fq(PARU\(i\))i Fw(is)e(to)h(b)s(e)f(found)h(in)f(line)f |
| | 43294 | Fq(MSTU\(i\))k Fw(of)d(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)472 2257 y(record.)i(See)34 |
| | 43295 | b Fq(MSTU\(90\))h Fw(and)d Fq(MSTU\(91\))54 b(-)d(MSTU\(98\))35 |
| | 43296 | b Fw(for)d(additional)d(commen)m(ts.)0 2365 y Fq(PARU\(101\))54 |
| | 43297 | b(-)d(PARU\(195\))j(:)47 b Fw(v)-5 b(arious)44 b(coupling)e(constan)m |
| | 43298 | (ts)k(and)e(parameters)g(related)f(to)h(cou-)472 2473 |
| | 43299 | y(plings,)32 b(see)i(section)e(14.5.)0 2636 y Fq(MSTJ\(1\))53 |
| | 43300 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f(fragmen)m(tation)f(sc)m |
| | 43301 | (heme.)236 2744 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)32 b(jet)h(fragmen)m |
| | 43302 | (tation)d(at)j(all.)236 2853 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b |
| | 43303 | Fw(string)32 b(fragmen)m(tation)e(according)i(to)g(the)h(Lund)h(mo)s |
| | 43304 | (del.)236 2961 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(indep)s(enden)m(t)45 |
| | 43305 | b(fragmen)m(tation,)h(according)e(to)g(sp)s(eci\014cation)g(in)f |
| | 43306 | Fq(MSTJ\(2\))j Fw(and)709 3069 y Fq(MSTJ\(3\))p Fw(.)0 |
| | 43307 | 3178 y Fq(MSTJ\(2\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=3\))31 b(gluon)h(jet)g(fragmen)m |
| | 43308 | (tation)f(sc)m(heme)j(in)e(indep)s(enden)m(t)h(fragmen)m(tation.)236 |
| | 43309 | 3286 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(a)23 b(gluon)f(is)h(assumed)h(to)f |
| | 43310 | (fragmen)m(t)f(lik)m(e)h(a)g(random)g(d,)i(u)e(or)g(s)h(quark)g(or)f |
| | 43311 | (an)m(tiquark.)236 3394 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(as)46 |
| | 43312 | b Fq(=1)p Fw(,)51 b(but)c(longitudinal)c(\(see)k Fq(PARJ\(43\))p |
| | 43313 | Fw(,)53 b Fq(PARJ\(44\))48 b Fw(and)f Fq(PARJ\(59\))p |
| | 43314 | Fw(\))h(and)709 3503 y(transv)m(erse)40 b(\(see)g Fq(PARJ\(22\))p |
| | 43315 | Fw(\))g(momen)m(tum)d(prop)s(erties)h(of)g(quark)h(or)f(an)m(tiquark) |
| | 43316 | 709 3611 y(substituting)32 b(for)g(gluon)f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)f(separately) |
| | 43317 | h(sp)s(eci\014ed.)236 3719 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(a)46 |
| | 43318 | b(gluon)f(is)h(assumed)i(to)e(fragmen)m(t)g(lik)m(e)f(a)h(pair)g(of)g |
| | 43319 | (a)g(d,)k(u)d(or)f(s)h(quark)g(and)709 3828 y(its)35 |
| | 43320 | b(an)m(tiquark,)h(sharing)f(the)h(gluon)f(energy)h(according)f(to)g |
| | 43321 | (the)h(Altarelli-P)m(arisi)709 3936 y(splitting)30 b(function.)236 |
| | 43322 | 4044 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(as)46 b Fq(=3)p Fw(,)51 |
| | 43323 | b(but)c(longitudinal)c(\(see)k Fq(PARJ\(43\))p Fw(,)53 |
| | 43324 | b Fq(PARJ\(44\))48 b Fw(and)f Fq(PARJ\(59\))p Fw(\))h(and)709 |
| | 43325 | 4153 y(transv)m(erse)31 b(\(see)g Fq(PARJ\(22\))p Fw(\))h(momen)m(tum)c |
| | 43326 | (prop)s(erties)h(of)g(quark)i(and)e(an)m(tiquark)709 |
| | 43327 | 4261 y(substituting)j(for)g(gluon)f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)f(separately)h(sp)s |
| | 43328 | (eci\014ed.)0 4369 y Fq(MSTJ\(3\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))40 |
| | 43329 | b(energy)-8 b(,)44 b(momen)m(tum)c(and)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(conserv)-5 |
| | 43330 | b(ation)41 b(options)g(in)f(indep)s(enden)m(t)472 4478 |
| | 43331 | y(fragmen)m(tation.)i(Whenev)m(er)34 b(momen)m(tum)d(conserv)-5 |
| | 43332 | b(ation)32 b(is)f(describ)s(ed)i(b)s(elo)m(w,)f(energy)472 |
| | 43333 | 4586 y(and)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(conserv)-5 b(ation)32 |
| | 43334 | b(is)g(also)g(implicitly)c(assumed.)236 4694 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 43335 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)32 b(explicit)f(conserv)-5 b(ation)33 |
| | 43336 | b(of)f(an)m(y)h(kind.)236 4803 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 43337 | b Fw(particles)43 b(share)i(momen)m(tum)d(im)m(balance)h(comp)s |
| | 43338 | (ensation)g(according)g(to)h(their)709 4911 y(energy)g(\(roughly)f |
| | 43339 | (equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)43 b(to)g(b)s(o)s(osting)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(to)e |
| | 43340 | (c.m.)76 b(frame\).)e(This)44 b(is)709 5019 y(similar)29 |
| | 43341 | b(to)j(the)h(approac)m(h)g(in)f(the)h(Ali)e(et)i(al.)42 |
| | 43342 | b(program)31 b([Ali80)n(].)236 5128 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 43343 | b Fw(particles)43 b(share)i(momen)m(tum)d(im)m(balance)h(comp)s |
| | 43344 | (ensation)g(according)g(to)h(their)709 5236 y(longitudinal)29 |
| | 43345 | b(mass)j(with)g(resp)s(ect)i(to)e(the)h(im)m(balance)e(direction.)236 |
| | 43346 | 5344 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(particles)31 b(share)j(momen)m(tum)d |
| | 43347 | (im)m(balance)g(comp)s(ensation)g(equally)-8 b(.)236 |
| | 43348 | 5453 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(transv)m(erse)39 b(momen)m(ta)e(are)h |
| | 43349 | (comp)s(ensated)g(separately)g(within)e(eac)m(h)j(jet,)g(longi-)709 |
| | 43350 | 5561 y(tudinal)d(momen)m(ta)g(are)h(rescaled)i(so)e(that)h(ratio)d(of)j |
| | 43351 | (\014nal)e(jet)i(to)f(initial)d(parton)1817 5953 y(268)p |
| | 43352 | eop |
| | 43353 | %%Page: 269 275 |
| | 43354 | 269 274 bop 709 -18 a Fw(momen)m(tum)27 b(is)h(the)h(same)f(for)h(all)d |
| | 43355 | (the)j(jets)g(of)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t.)45 b(This)28 b(is)g(similar)e(to) |
| | 43356 | i(the)709 90 y(approac)m(h)33 b(in)e(the)i(Ho)m(y)m(er)h(et)f(al.)42 |
| | 43357 | b(program)32 b([Ho)m(y79].)236 198 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 |
| | 43358 | b Fw(only)32 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(is)f(explicitly)f(conserv)m(ed.)236 |
| | 43359 | 307 y Fq(=)52 b(6)f(-)h(10)g(:)47 b Fw(as)40 b Fq(=1)51 |
| | 43360 | b(-)h(5)p Fw(,)41 b(except)g(that)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(sev)m(eral)g |
| | 43361 | (colour)e(singlet)h(systems)h(that)f(fol-)709 415 y(lo)m(w)m(ed)33 |
| | 43362 | b(immediately)e(after)i(eac)m(h)h(other)g(in)f(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)j |
| | 43363 | (listing)31 b(\(e.g.)46 b(q)p 3361 362 52 4 v(q)q(q)p |
| | 43364 | 3464 362 V(q)q(\))33 b(w)m(ere)709 523 y(treated)j(as)h(one)g(single)e |
| | 43365 | (system,)k(whereas)e(here)h(they)f(are)f(treated)h(as)g(separate)709 |
| | 43366 | 632 y(systems.)236 740 y Fq(=)52 b(-1)g(:)165 b Fw(indep)s(enden)m(t)32 |
| | 43367 | b(fragmen)m(tation,)d(where)j(also)e(particles)g(mo)m(ving)g(bac)m(kw)m |
| | 43368 | (ards)j(with)709 848 y(resp)s(ect)f(to)g(the)f(jet)h(direction)e(are)i |
| | 43369 | (k)m(ept,)h(and)e(th)m(us)i(the)f(amoun)m(t)f(of)g(energy)h(and)709 |
| | 43370 | 957 y(momen)m(tum)f(mismatc)m(h)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)h(large.)0 |
| | 43371 | 1065 y Fq(MSTJ\(11\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=4\))22 b(c)m(hoice)h(of)g |
| | 43372 | (longitudinal)c(fragmen)m(tation)i(function,)k(i.e.)39 |
| | 43373 | b(ho)m(w)24 b(large)e(a)h(fraction)472 1173 y(of)33 b(the)g(energy)g(a) |
| | 43374 | m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b(a)i(newly-created)i(hadron)f(tak)m(es.)236 |
| | 43375 | 1282 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)28 b(Lund)h(symmetric)f(fragmen)m |
| | 43376 | (tation)e(function,)j(see)g Fq(PARJ\(41\))54 b(-)d(PARJ\(45\))p |
| | 43377 | Fw(.)236 1390 y Fq(=)h(2)f(:)217 b Fw(c)m(hoice)36 b(of)f(some)g |
| | 43378 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(forms)e(for)h(eac)m(h)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(separately) |
| | 43379 | -8 b(,)37 b(see)f Fq(PARJ\(51\))709 1498 y(-)51 b(PARJ\(59\))p |
| | 43380 | Fw(.)236 1607 y Fq(=)h(3)f(:)217 b Fw(h)m(ybrid)45 b(sc)m(heme,)k |
| | 43381 | (where)d(ligh)m(t)e(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i(are)f(treated)g(with)g |
| | 43382 | (symmetric)f(Lund)709 1715 y(\()p Fq(=1)p Fw(\),)33 b(but)g(c)m(harm)g |
| | 43383 | (and)f(hea)m(vier)i(can)f(b)s(e)g(separately)g(c)m(hosen,)h(e.g.)45 |
| | 43384 | b(according)32 b(to)709 1823 y(the)h(SLA)m(C)g(function)f(\()p |
| | 43385 | Fq(=2)p Fw(\).)236 1932 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(the)47 |
| | 43386 | b(Lund)h(symmetric)f(fragmen)m(tation)e(function)i(\()p |
| | 43387 | Fq(=1)p Fw(\),)k(for)c(hea)m(vy)i(endp)s(oin)m(t)709 |
| | 43388 | 2040 y(quarks)i(mo)s(di\014ed)f(according)g(to)g(the)h(Bo)m(wler)f |
| | 43389 | (\(Artru{Mennessier,)57 b(Morris\))709 2148 y(space{time)32 |
| | 43390 | b(picture)g(of)g(string)g(ev)m(olution,)g(see)i Fq(PARJ\(46\))p |
| | 43391 | Fw(.)236 2257 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(as)32 b Fq(=4)p |
| | 43392 | Fw(,)h(but)f(with)f(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)f(to)i(in)m(terp)s(olate)e(b)s |
| | 43393 | (et)m(w)m(een)35 b(Bo)m(wler)c(and)i(Lund)f(sep-)709 |
| | 43394 | 2365 y(arately)g(for)g(c,)h(b)f(and)h(t;)f(see)i Fq(PARJ\(46\))54 |
| | 43395 | b(-)d(PARJ\(48\))p Fw(.)0 2473 y Fq(MSTJ\(12\))i(:)48 |
| | 43396 | b Fw(\(D=2\))31 b(c)m(hoice)i(of)f(bary)m(on)i(pro)s(duction)e(mo)s |
| | 43397 | (del.)236 2582 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)32 b(bary)m(on-an)m |
| | 43398 | (tibary)m(on)g(pair)g(pro)s(duction)f(at)h(all;)f(initial)d(diquark)k |
| | 43399 | (treated)h(as)g(a)709 2690 y(unit.)236 2798 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 43400 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(diquark-an)m(tidiquark)31 b(pair)h(pro)s(duction)g |
| | 43401 | (allo)m(w)m(ed;)g(diquark)g(treated)h(as)g(a)f(unit.)236 |
| | 43402 | 2907 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(diquark-an)m(tidiquark)25 |
| | 43403 | b(pair)h(pro)s(duction)g(allo)m(w)m(ed,)h(with)f(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e |
| | 43404 | (for)i(diquark)709 3015 y(to)32 b(b)s(e)h(split)e(according)h(to)g(the) |
| | 43405 | h(`p)s(op)s(corn')g(sc)m(heme.)236 3123 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 |
| | 43406 | b Fw(as)31 b Fq(=2)p Fw(,)h(but)f(additionally)d(the)k(pro)s(duction)e |
| | 43407 | (of)h(\014rst)g(rank)h(bary)m(ons)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(sup-)709 |
| | 43408 | 3232 y(pressed)j(b)m(y)g(a)e(factor)g Fq(PARJ\(19\))p |
| | 43409 | Fw(.)0 3340 y Fq(MSTJ\(13\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))37 |
| | 43410 | b(generation)h(of)g(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum)c(for)h(endp)s(oin)m(t) |
| | 43411 | h(quark\(s\))g(of)g(single)472 3448 y(quark)34 b(jet)f(or)g(q)p |
| | 43412 | 1064 3396 V(q)g(jet)g(system)h(\(in)e(m)m(ultijet)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(no)e |
| | 43413 | (endp)s(oin)m(t)g(transv)m(erse)i(momen-)472 3557 y(tum)d(is)g(ev)m(er) |
| | 43414 | i(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(for\).)236 3665 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 43415 | b Fw(no)32 b(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum)c(for)h(endp)s(oin)m(t)h |
| | 43416 | (quarks.)236 3774 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(endp)s(oin)m(t)36 |
| | 43417 | b(quarks)j(obtain)d(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(ta)c(lik)m(e)i(ordinary)f |
| | 43418 | (q)p 3274 3721 V(q)i(pairs)e(pro-)709 3882 y(duced)31 |
| | 43419 | b(in)e(the)i(\014eld)e(\(see)i Fq(PARJ\(21\))p Fw(\);)i(for)d(2-jet)f |
| | 43420 | (systems)j(the)e(endp)s(oin)m(ts)h(obtain)709 3990 y(balancing)g |
| | 43421 | (transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(ta.)0 4099 y Fq(MSTJ\(14\))53 |
| | 43422 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))66 b(treatmen)m(t)g(of)h(a)f(colour-singlet)e(jet)j |
| | 43423 | (system)h(with)e(a)h(lo)m(w)f(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)472 |
| | 43424 | 4207 y(mass.)236 4315 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)36 |
| | 43425 | b(precautions)i(are)f(tak)m(en,)i(meaning)c(that)i(problems)f(ma)m(y)h |
| | 43426 | (o)s(ccur)g(in)f Fq(LUSTRF)709 4424 y Fw(\(or)c Fq(LUINDF)p |
| | 43427 | Fw(\))i(later)d(on.)236 4532 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b |
| | 43428 | Fw(small)42 b(jet)j(systems)h(are)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)h(collapse)e(in) |
| | 43429 | m(to)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(particles)f(or,)k(failing)709 4640 |
| | 43430 | y(that,)g(one)d(single)g(particle.)80 b(Normally)42 b(all)h(small)g |
| | 43431 | (systems)k(are)e(treated)h(this)709 4749 y(w)m(a)m(y)-8 |
| | 43432 | b(,)52 b(starting)46 b(with)h(the)h(smallest)d(one,)52 |
| | 43433 | b(but)47 b(some)g(systems)i(w)m(ould)e(require)709 4857 |
| | 43434 | y(more)26 b(w)m(ork)i(and)g(are)f(left)g(un)m(treated;)j(they)e |
| | 43435 | (include)f(diquark-an)m(tidiquark)f(pairs)709 4965 y(b)s(elo)m(w)32 |
| | 43436 | b(the)h(t)m(w)m(o-particle)f(threshold.)236 5074 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 43437 | b(-1)g(:)165 b Fw(sp)s(ecial)38 b(option)g(for)h Fq(LUPREP)i |
| | 43438 | Fw(calls,)f(where)g(no)f(precautions)h(are)f(tak)m(en)i(\(as)e(for)709 |
| | 43439 | 5182 y Fq(=0)p Fw(\),)34 b(but,)g(in)f(addition,)f(no)h(c)m(hec)m(ks)k |
| | 43440 | (are)c(made)g(on)h(the)g(presence)h(of)e(small-mass)709 |
| | 43441 | 5290 y(systems;)h(i.e.)43 b Fq(LUPREP)34 b Fw(only)e(rearranges)h |
| | 43442 | (colour)f(strings.)0 5399 y Fq(MSTJ\(15\))53 b(:)48 b |
| | 43443 | Fw(\(D=0\))31 b(pro)s(duction)h(probabilit)m(y)f(for)h(new)h(\015a)m(v) |
| | 43444 | m(ours.)236 5507 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(according)49 |
| | 43445 | b(to)g(standard)h(Lund)g(parametrization,)h(as)f(giv)m(en)f(b)m(y)j |
| | 43446 | Fq(PARJ\(1\))h(-)709 5615 y(PARJ\(20\))p Fw(.)1817 5953 |
| | 43447 | y(269)p eop |
| | 43448 | %%Page: 270 276 |
| | 43449 | 270 275 bop 236 -18 a Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(according)26 |
| | 43450 | b(to)h(probabilities)d(stored)k(in)e Fq(PARF\(201\))54 |
| | 43451 | b(-)e(PARF\(1960\))p Fw(;)31 b(note)d(that)709 90 y(no)g(default)f(v)-5 |
| | 43452 | b(alues)28 b(exist)g(here,)i(i.e.)41 b Fq(PARF)29 b Fw(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e) |
| | 43453 | g(set)h(b)m(y)g(y)m(ou.)42 b(The)29 b Fq(MSTJ\(12\))709 |
| | 43454 | 198 y Fw(switc)m(h)i(can)f(still)e(b)s(e)i(used)h(to)f(set)h(bary)m(on) |
| | 43455 | g(pro)s(duction)e(mo)s(de,)h(with)g(the)h(mo)s(di\014-)709 |
| | 43456 | 307 y(cation)c(that)g Fq(MSTJ\(12\)=2)j Fw(here)f(allo)m(ws)e(an)g |
| | 43457 | (arbitrary)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)g(mesons)g(to)f(b)s(e)709 |
| | 43458 | 415 y(pro)s(duced)32 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(a)e(bary)m(on)h(and)f(an)g |
| | 43459 | (an)m(tibary)m(on)g(\(since)h(the)g(probabilit)m(y)d(for)709 |
| | 43460 | 523 y(diquark)g Fn(!)g Fw(meson)g(+)g(new)h(diquark)f(is)g(assumed)h |
| | 43461 | (indep)s(enden)m(t)g(of)f(prehistory\).)0 632 y Fq(MSTJ\(21\))53 |
| | 43462 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))31 b(form)h(of)g(particle)f(deca)m(ys.)236 |
| | 43463 | 740 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(all)30 b(particle)h(deca)m(ys)k(are)d |
| | 43464 | (inhibited.)236 848 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(a)30 b(particle)f |
| | 43465 | (declared)i(unstable)g(in)f(the)h Fq(MDCY)g Fw(v)m(ector,)i(and)d(with) |
| | 43466 | h(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannels)709 957 y(de\014ned,)e(ma)m(y)e(deca)m(y)h |
| | 43467 | (within)e(the)h(region)f(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)i Fq(MSTJ\(22\))p |
| | 43468 | Fw(.)44 b(A)28 b(particle)f(ma)m(y)709 1065 y(deca)m(y)40 |
| | 43469 | b(in)m(to)e(jets,)k(whic)m(h)d(then)h(fragmen)m(t)f(further)g |
| | 43470 | (according)f(to)h(the)h Fq(MSTJ\(1\))709 1173 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 43471 | b(alue.)236 1282 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(as)44 b Fq(=1)p |
| | 43472 | Fw(,)49 b(except)d(that)e(a)g(q)p 1703 1229 52 4 v(q)i(jet)e(system)i |
| | 43473 | (pro)s(duced)f(in)f(a)h(deca)m(y)g(\(e.g.)80 b(of)44 |
| | 43474 | b(a)g(B)709 1390 y(meson\))31 b(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to) |
| | 43475 | g(fragmen)m(t)f(according)h(to)g(string)f(fragmen)m(tation,)709 |
| | 43476 | 1498 y(rather)c(than)g(according)g(to)g(the)g Fq(MSTJ\(1\))i |
| | 43477 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(\(this)g(means)g(that)g(momen)m(tum,)709 |
| | 43478 | 1607 y(energy)33 b(and)g(c)m(harge)g(are)g(conserv)m(ed)i(in)c(the)i |
| | 43479 | (deca)m(y\).)0 1715 y Fq(MSTJ\(22\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))21 |
| | 43480 | b(cut-o\013)h(on)g(deca)m(y)i(length)e(for)f(a)h(particle)f(that)h(is)g |
| | 43481 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)f(deca)m(y)j(according)472 1823 y(to)33 |
| | 43482 | b Fq(MSTJ\(21\))h Fw(and)f(the)g Fq(MDCY)h Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)236 |
| | 43483 | 1932 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(a)32 b(particle)f(declared)i(unstable)g |
| | 43484 | (is)f(also)f(forced)i(to)g(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)236 2040 y |
| | 43485 | Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(a)40 b(particle)f(is)h(deca)m(y)m(ed)i(only)e |
| | 43486 | (if)f(its)h(a)m(v)m(erage)h(prop)s(er)g(lifetime)c(is)j(smaller)e(than) |
| | 43487 | 709 2148 y Fq(PARJ\(71\))p Fw(.)236 2257 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 |
| | 43488 | b Fw(a)21 b(particle)g(is)h(deca)m(y)m(ed)i(only)d(if)g(the)i(deca)m(y) |
| | 43489 | g(v)m(ertex)h(is)d(within)g(a)h(distance)g Fq(PARJ\(72\))709 |
| | 43490 | 2365 y Fw(of)32 b(the)h(origin.)236 2473 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 |
| | 43491 | b Fw(a)22 b(particle)g(is)g(deca)m(y)m(ed)k(only)c(if)g(the)h(deca)m(y) |
| | 43492 | i(v)m(ertex)f(is)f(within)f(a)g(cylindrical)f(v)m(olume)709 |
| | 43493 | 2582 y(with)30 b(radius)g Fq(PARJ\(73\))i Fw(in)e(the)g |
| | 43494 | Fj(xy)t Fw(-plane)f(and)i(exten)m(t)h(to)e Fn(\006)p |
| | 43495 | Fq(PARJ\(74\))i Fw(in)e(the)h Fj(z)709 2690 y Fw(direction.)0 |
| | 43496 | 2798 y Fq(MSTJ\(23\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))23 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)f |
| | 43497 | (of)i(ha)m(ving)g(a)g(sho)m(w)m(er)i(ev)m(olving)d(from)g(a)h(q)p |
| | 43498 | 2828 2746 V(q)h(pair)f(created)h(as)f(deca)m(y)472 2907 |
| | 43499 | y(pro)s(ducts.)236 3015 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(nev)m(er.)236 |
| | 43500 | 3123 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(whenev)m(er)31 b(the)e(deca)m(y)i(c)m |
| | 43501 | (hannel)e(matrix-elemen)m(t)e(co)s(de)i(is)f Fq(MDME\(IDC,2\)=)k |
| | 43502 | Fw(4,)e(32,)709 3232 y(33,)c(44)f(or)g(46,)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(\014rst) |
| | 43503 | g(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(ducts)f(\(if)e(they)i(are)f(partons\))h(are)f(allo)m |
| | 43504 | (w)m(ed)709 3340 y(to)d(sho)m(w)m(er,)k(lik)m(e)c(a)g(colour-singlet)f |
| | 43505 | (subsystem,)26 b(with)c(maxim)m(um)e(virtualit)m(y)h(giv)m(en)709 |
| | 43506 | 3448 y(b)m(y)33 b(the)g(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31 b(mass)i(of)f(the)h |
| | 43507 | (pair.)0 3557 y Fq(MSTJ\(24\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))31 |
| | 43508 | b(particle)h(masses.)236 3665 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b |
| | 43509 | Fw(discrete)33 b(mass)f(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(are)f(used.)236 |
| | 43510 | 3774 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(particles)26 b(registered)h(as)g(ha)m |
| | 43511 | (ving)g(a)f(mass)h(width)g(in)f(the)h Fq(PMAS)h Fw(v)m(ector)g(are)f |
| | 43512 | (giv)m(en)g(a)709 3882 y(mass)c(according)g(to)g(a)h(truncated)g |
| | 43513 | (Breit{Wigner)e(shap)s(e,)k(linear)c(in)h Fj(m)p Fw(,)j(eq.)e(\(201\).) |
| | 43514 | 236 3990 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(as)46 b Fq(=1)p Fw(,)k(but)c(gauge) |
| | 43515 | g(b)s(osons)g(\(actually)f(all)f(particles)h(with)h Fn(j)p |
| | 43516 | Fw(KF)p Fn(j)j(\024)i Fw(100\))45 b(are)709 4099 y(distributed)i |
| | 43517 | (according)g(to)h(a)f(Breit{Wigner)g(quadratic)g(in)g |
| | 43518 | Fj(m)p Fw(,)52 b(as)c(obtained)709 4207 y(from)31 b(propagators.)236 |
| | 43519 | 4315 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(as)32 b Fq(=1)p Fw(,)i(but)e |
| | 43520 | (Breit{Wigner)g(shap)s(e)h(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(quadratic)f(in)g |
| | 43521 | Fj(m)p Fw(,)h(eq.)h(\(202\).)0 4424 y Fq(MSTJ\(25\))53 |
| | 43522 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))c(inclusion)g(of)h(the)g(W)1705 4387 |
| | 43523 | y Fk(\006)1810 4424 y Fw(propagator,)j(in)c(addition)g(to)h(the)h |
| | 43524 | (standard,)j(`in-)472 4532 y(\014nitely)35 b(hea)m(vy')h(w)m(eak)g |
| | 43525 | Fj(V)46 b Fn(\000)24 b Fj(A)35 b Fw(matrix)e(elemen)m(t,)j(in)e(the)h |
| | 43526 | (deca)m(y)h(of)f(a)g(t,)g(l)f(or)h(h)g(quark,)472 4640 |
| | 43527 | y(or)e Fj(\037)f Fw(lepton.)236 4749 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 43528 | b Fw(not)32 b(included.)236 4857 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 43529 | b Fw(included.)0 4965 y Fq(MSTJ\(26\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))31 |
| | 43530 | b(inclusion)g(of)i(B{)p 1504 4887 70 4 v(B)f(mixing)e(in)i(deca)m(ys.) |
| | 43531 | 236 5074 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no.)236 5182 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 43532 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(y)m(es,)37 b(with)e(mixing)e(parameters)i(giv)m(en)g |
| | 43533 | (b)m(y)j Fq(PARJ\(76\))f Fw(and)e Fq(PARJ\(77\))p Fw(.)53 |
| | 43534 | b(Mixing)709 5290 y(deca)m(ys)34 b(are)f(not)f(sp)s(ecially)f(mark)m |
| | 43535 | (ed.)236 5399 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(y)m(es,)36 b(as)f |
| | 43536 | Fq(=1)p Fw(,)h(but)f(a)f(B)g(\()p 1593 5321 V(B\))h(that)f(deca)m(ys)j |
| | 43537 | (as)d(a)p 2465 5321 V 35 w(B)g(\(B\))h(is)f(mark)m(ed)g(as)h |
| | 43538 | Fq(K\(I,1\)=12)709 5507 y Fw(rather)d(than)h(the)g(normal)e |
| | 43539 | Fq(K\(I,1\)=11)p Fw(.)0 5615 y Fq(MSTJ\(27\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 43540 | b Fw(\(D=2\))32 b(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)f(for)i(the)g(b)g(quark)h(to)f(dev) |
| | 43541 | m(elop)h(a)f(sho)m(w)m(er)i(in)d(the)i(deca)m(y)g(of)f(a)g(top)1817 |
| | 43542 | 5953 y(270)p eop |
| | 43543 | %%Page: 271 277 |
| | 43544 | 271 276 bop 472 -18 a Fw(hadron,)33 b(i.e.)43 b(T)28 |
| | 43545 | b Fn(!)g Fw(W)1325 -55 y Fl(+)1384 -18 y Fw(b)p 1438 |
| | 43546 | -71 52 4 v(q)q(,)k(where)p 1831 -71 V 34 w(q)h(is)f(a)h(sp)s(ectator)g |
| | 43547 | (quark.)236 90 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no,)32 b(i.e.)43 |
| | 43548 | b(b)33 b(jet)g(is)f(narro)m(w,)h(lo)m(w-m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)-8 |
| | 43549 | b(.)236 198 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)37 b(b)h(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed) |
| | 43550 | f(to)h(sho)m(w)m(er)i(and)e(the)h(W)h(momen)m(tum)d(\(in)g(the)i(rest)g |
| | 43551 | (frame)e(of)709 307 y(the)42 b(T\))h(is)e(reduced)j(acccordingly)-8 |
| | 43552 | b(.)72 b(The)43 b(W)g(is)f(therafter)g(assumed)h(to)f(deca)m(y)709 |
| | 43553 | 415 y(isotropically)-8 b(.)236 523 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 43554 | b Fw(the)38 b(b)h(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(sho)m(w)m(er,)j(as)e(in)e |
| | 43555 | Fq(=1)p Fw(,)k(but)e(the)f(W)i(deca)m(ys)g(anisotropically)-8 |
| | 43556 | b(,)709 632 y(with)34 b(the)i(same)f(p)s(olarization)c(as)36 |
| | 43557 | b(in)e(the)h(standard)h(w)m(eak)g(deca)m(y)g(of)f(option)f |
| | 43558 | Fq(=0)p Fw(.)709 740 y(In)f(principle)e(this)h(is)h(b)s(etter)g(than)f |
| | 43559 | (option)g Fq(=1)p Fw(,)h(but)g(in)f(practice)h(there)h(is)e(no)g(big) |
| | 43560 | 709 848 y(di\013erence.)0 957 y Fq(MSTJ\(28\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 43561 | b Fw(\(D=0\))30 b(call)f(to)i(an)g(external)g Fj(\034)43 |
| | 43562 | b Fw(deca)m(y)32 b(library)-8 b(.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(this)h(option)f |
| | 43563 | (to)g(b)s(e)i(meaningful,)472 1065 y(it)24 b(is)h(up)g(to)g(y)m(ou)h |
| | 43564 | (to)e(write)h(the)h(appropriate)e(in)m(terface)h(and)g(include)f(that)h |
| | 43565 | (in)g(the)g(routine)472 1173 y Fq(LUTAUD)p Fw(,)35 b(as)d(explained)h |
| | 43566 | (in)e(section)i(14.2.)236 1282 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 43567 | b Fw(not)32 b(done,)h(i.e.)43 b(the)33 b(in)m(ternal)f |
| | 43568 | Fq(LUDECY)i Fw(treatmen)m(t)e(is)g(used.)236 1390 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 43569 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(done)38 b(whenev)m(er)i(the)f Fj(\034)49 |
| | 43570 | b Fw(mother)37 b(particle)g(sp)s(ecies)i(can)f(b)s(e)g(iden)m |
| | 43571 | (ti\014ed,)h(else)f(the)709 1498 y(in)m(ternal)31 b Fq(LUDECY)j |
| | 43572 | Fw(treatmen)m(t)e(is)g(used.)44 b(Normally)30 b(the)j(mother)f |
| | 43573 | (particle)f(should)709 1607 y(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(b)s(e)g(iden)m(ti\014ed,)g |
| | 43574 | (but)g(it)f(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(for)g(a)h(user)g(to)g(remo)m(v)m(e)g(ev) |
| | 43575 | m(en)m(t)i(history)709 1715 y(information)24 b(or)k(to)f(add)h(extra)g |
| | 43576 | Fj(\034)11 b Fw('s)29 b(directly)e(to)h(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record,)h |
| | 43577 | (and)e(then)g(the)709 1823 y(mother)k(is)g(not)g(kno)m(wn.)236 |
| | 43578 | 1932 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(alw)m(a)m(ys)33 b(done.)0 |
| | 43579 | 2040 y Fq(MSTJ\(40\))53 b(-)f(MSTJ\(50\))h(:)48 b Fw(switc)m(hes)34 |
| | 43580 | b(for)e(time-lik)m(e)e(parton)i(sho)m(w)m(ers,)j(see)f(section)f(10.4.) |
| | 43581 | 0 2148 y Fq(MSTJ\(51\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))31 b(inclusion)g(of)i |
| | 43582 | (Bose{Einstein)f(e\013ects.)236 2257 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 43583 | b Fw(no)32 b(e\013ects)i(included.)236 2365 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 43584 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(e\013ects)44 b(included)f(according)g(to)f(an)h(exp)s |
| | 43585 | (onen)m(tial)g(parametrization)e Fj(C)3466 2380 y Fl(2)3505 |
| | 43586 | 2365 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)p Fw(\))46 b(=)709 2473 y(1+)p Fq(PARJ\(92\))p |
| | 43587 | Fn(\002)17 b Fw(exp)s(\()p Fn(\000)p Fj(Q=)p Fq(PARJ\(93\))p |
| | 43588 | Fw(\),)40 b(where)f Fj(C)2598 2488 y Fl(2)2637 2473 y |
| | 43589 | Fw(\()p Fj(Q)p Fw(\))e(represen)m(ts)j(the)d(ratio)f(of)709 |
| | 43590 | 2582 y(particle)28 b(pro)s(duction)g(at)h Fj(Q)h Fw(with)f |
| | 43591 | (Bose{Einstein)g(e\013ects)i(to)e(that)g(without,)g(and)709 |
| | 43592 | 2690 y(the)i(relativ)m(e)e(momen)m(tum)h Fj(Q)g Fw(is)g(de\014ned)i(b)m |
| | 43593 | (y)g Fj(Q)2478 2654 y Fl(2)2517 2690 y Fw(\()p Fj(p)2604 |
| | 43594 | 2705 y Fl(1)2644 2690 y Fj(;)17 b(p)2737 2705 y Fl(2)2776 |
| | 43595 | 2690 y Fw(\))28 b(=)f Fn(\000)p Fw(\()p Fj(p)3109 2705 |
| | 43596 | y Fl(1)3167 2690 y Fn(\000)18 b Fj(p)3311 2705 y Fl(2)3351 |
| | 43597 | 2690 y Fw(\))3389 2654 y Fl(2)3456 2690 y Fw(=)27 b(\()p |
| | 43598 | Fj(p)3646 2705 y Fl(1)3704 2690 y Fw(+)709 2798 y Fj(p)758 |
| | 43599 | 2813 y Fl(2)797 2798 y Fw(\))835 2762 y Fl(2)892 2798 |
| | 43600 | y Fn(\000)18 b Fw(4)p Fj(m)1121 2762 y Fl(2)1161 2798 |
| | 43601 | y Fw(.)42 b(P)m(articles)30 b(with)g(width)g(broader)h(than)f |
| | 43602 | Fq(PARJ\(91\))i Fw(are)f(assumed)g(to)709 2907 y(ha)m(v)m(e)j(time)d |
| | 43603 | (to)h(deca)m(y)i(b)s(efore)f(Bose{Einstein)f(e\013ects)i(are)f(to)f(b)s |
| | 43604 | (e)h(considered.)236 3015 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(e\013ects)62 |
| | 43605 | b(included)f(according)g(to)g(a)g(Gaussian)g(parametrization)e |
| | 43606 | Fj(C)3435 3030 y Fl(2)3474 3015 y Fw(\()p Fj(Q)p Fw(\))77 |
| | 43607 | b(=)709 3123 y(1+)p Fq(PARJ\(92\))p Fn(\002)17 b Fw(exp)s(\()p |
| | 43608 | Fn(\000)p Fw(\()p Fj(Q=)p Fq(PARJ\(93\))p Fw(\))2212 |
| | 43609 | 3087 y Fl(2)2253 3123 y Fw(\),)52 b(with)c(notation)e(and)i(commen)m |
| | 43610 | (ts)g(as)709 3232 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)0 3340 y Fq(MSTJ\(52\))53 |
| | 43611 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=3\))38 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(particle)g(sp)s(ecies)h |
| | 43612 | (for)g(whic)m(h)g(Bose{Einstein)g(correlations)e(are)472 |
| | 43613 | 3448 y(to)j(b)s(e)g(included,)i(ranged)e(along)f(the)h(c)m(hain)g |
| | 43614 | Fj(\031)2260 3412 y Fl(+)2319 3448 y Fw(,)i Fj(\031)2447 |
| | 43615 | 3412 y Fk(\000)2506 3448 y Fw(,)g Fj(\031)2634 3412 y |
| | 43616 | Fl(0)2673 3448 y Fw(,)g(K)2818 3412 y Fl(+)2877 3448 |
| | 43617 | y Fw(,)g(K)3022 3412 y Fk(\000)3081 3448 y Fw(,)g(K)3226 |
| | 43618 | 3412 y Fl(0)3226 3473 y(L)3274 3448 y Fw(,)g(K)3419 3412 |
| | 43619 | y Fl(0)3419 3473 y(S)3462 3448 y Fw(,)g Fj(\021)h Fw(and)472 |
| | 43620 | 3557 y Fj(\021)524 3521 y Fk(0)547 3557 y Fw(.)50 b(Default)33 |
| | 43621 | b(corresp)s(onds)j(to)e(including)f(all)f(pions)i(\()p |
| | 43622 | Fj(\031)2548 3521 y Fl(+)2607 3557 y Fw(,)h Fj(\031)2728 |
| | 43623 | 3521 y Fk(\000)2787 3557 y Fw(,)g Fj(\031)2908 3521 y |
| | 43624 | Fl(0)2947 3557 y Fw(\),)g(7)g(to)f(including)f(all)472 |
| | 43625 | 3665 y(Kaons)g(as)g(w)m(ell,)f(and)g(9)h(is)f(maxim)m(um.)0 |
| | 43626 | 3774 y Fq(MSTJ\(91\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(I\))38 b(\015ag)g(when)h |
| | 43627 | (generating)f(gluon)f(jet)h(with)g(options)f Fq(MSTJ\(2\)=)k |
| | 43628 | Fw(2)c(or)h(4)g(\(then)h Fq(=1)p Fw(,)472 3882 y(else)33 |
| | 43629 | b Fq(=0)p Fw(\).)0 3990 y Fq(MSTJ\(92\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(I\))41 |
| | 43630 | b(\015ag)f(that)g(a)h(q)p 1264 3937 V(q)g(or)f(gg)i(pair)d(or)i(a)f |
| | 43631 | (ggg)h(triplet)e(created)j(in)e Fq(LUDECY)i Fw(should)e(b)s(e)472 |
| | 43632 | 4099 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)f(sho)m(w)m(er,)44 b(is)39 |
| | 43633 | b(0)h(if)f(no)g(pair)g(or)h(triplet,)g(is)g(the)g(en)m(try)h(n)m(um)m |
| | 43634 | (b)s(er)f(of)g(the)g(\014rst)472 4207 y(parton)c(if)e(a)i(pair)e |
| | 43635 | (indeed)i(exists,)i(is)d(the)h(en)m(try)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)f(the)h |
| | 43636 | (\014rst)g(parton,)g(with)g(a)472 4315 y Fn(\000)d Fw(sign,)g(if)e(a)h |
| | 43637 | (triplet)f(indeed)i(exists.)0 4424 y Fq(MSTJ\(93\))53 |
| | 43638 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(I\))32 b(switc)m(h)i(for)e Fq(ULMASS)i |
| | 43639 | Fw(action.)43 b(Is)33 b(reset)g(to)g(0)f(in)g Fq(ULMASS)i |
| | 43640 | Fw(call.)236 4532 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(ordinary)32 |
| | 43641 | b(action.)236 4640 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(ligh)m(t)23 |
| | 43642 | b(\(d,)k(u,)f(s,)h(c,)g(b\))e(quark)h(masses)f(are)g(tak)m(en)h(from)e |
| | 43643 | Fq(PARF\(101\))54 b(-)d(PARF\(105\))709 4749 y Fw(rather)31 |
| | 43644 | b(than)h Fq(PMAS\(1,1\))54 b(-)d(PMAS\(5,1\))p Fw(.)46 |
| | 43645 | b(Diquark)31 b(masses)h(are)g(giv)m(en)g(as)g(sum)709 |
| | 43646 | 4857 y(of)g(quark)h(masses,)h(without)e(spin)g(splitting)f(term.)236 |
| | 43647 | 4965 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(as)39 b Fq(=1)p Fw(.)64 |
| | 43648 | b(Additionally)37 b(the)i(constan)m(t)i(terms)e Fq(PARF\(121\))i |
| | 43649 | Fw(and)f Fq(PARF\(122\))h Fw(are)709 5074 y(subtracted)34 |
| | 43650 | b(from)d(quark)i(and)g(diquark)g(masses,)g(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 43651 | b(.)0 5182 y Fq(MSTJ\(101\))54 b(-)d(MSTJ\(121\))j(:)47 |
| | 43652 | b Fw(switc)m(hes)35 b(for)d(e)1802 5146 y Fl(+)1861 5182 |
| | 43653 | y Fw(e)1904 5146 y Fk(\000)1996 5182 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)i(generation,)e |
| | 43654 | (see)i(section)f(6.3.)0 5344 y Fq(PARJ\(1\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 43655 | b Fw(\(D=0.10\))26 b(is)h Fn(P)8 b Fw(\(qq\))p Fj(=)p |
| | 43656 | Fn(P)g Fw(\(q\),)30 b(the)e(suppression)h(of)e(diquark-an)m(tidiquark)g |
| | 43657 | (pair)g(pro)s(duc-)472 5453 y(tion)32 b(in)g(the)h(colour)e(\014eld,)i |
| | 43658 | (compared)f(with)g(quark{an)m(tiquark)i(pro)s(duction.)0 |
| | 43659 | 5561 y Fq(PARJ\(2\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.30\))25 b(is)g |
| | 43660 | Fn(P)8 b Fw(\(s\))p Fj(=)p Fn(P)g Fw(\()p Fj(u)p Fw(\),)28 |
| | 43661 | b(the)f(suppression)h(of)e(s)g(quark)i(pair)d(pro)s(duction)g(in)h(the) |
| | 43662 | h(\014eld)1817 5953 y(271)p eop |
| | 43663 | %%Page: 272 278 |
| | 43664 | 272 277 bop 472 -18 a Fw(compared)33 b(with)f(u)h(or)f(d)h(pair)e(pro)s |
| | 43665 | (duction.)0 90 y Fq(PARJ\(3\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.4\))33 |
| | 43666 | b(is)h(\()p Fn(P)8 b Fw(\(us\))p Fj(=)p Fn(P)g Fw(\(ud\)\))p |
| | 43667 | Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fn(P)g Fw(\(s\))p Fj(=)p Fn(P)g Fw(\(d\)\),)37 |
| | 43668 | b(the)e(extra)g(suppression)h(of)e(strange)h(di-)472 |
| | 43669 | 198 y(quark)f(pro)s(duction)e(compared)g(with)g(the)h(normal)e |
| | 43670 | (suppression)j(of)e(strange)h(quarks.)0 307 y Fq(PARJ\(4\))53 |
| | 43671 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.05\))21 b(is)h(\(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(3\))p |
| | 43672 | Fn(P)8 b Fw(\(ud)1465 322 y Fl(1)1504 307 y Fw(\))p Fj(=)p |
| | 43673 | Fn(P)g Fw(\(ud)1814 322 y Fl(0)1854 307 y Fw(\),)25 b(the)d |
| | 43674 | (suppression)i(of)e(spin)g(1)h(diquarks)g(compared)472 |
| | 43675 | 415 y(with)33 b(spin)f(0)g(ones)i(\(excluding)e(the)h(factor)f(3)g |
| | 43676 | (coming)f(from)h(spin)g(coun)m(ting\).)0 523 y Fq(PARJ\(5\))53 |
| | 43677 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.5\))37 b(parameter)i(determining)e(relativ)m(e)h(o)s |
| | 43678 | (ccurence)j(of)d(bary)m(on)h(pro)s(duction)g(b)m(y)472 |
| | 43679 | 641 y Fj(B)5 b(M)p 655 563 80 4 v 10 w(B)49 b Fw(and)43 |
| | 43680 | b(b)m(y)g Fj(B)p 1202 563 V 5 w(B)48 b Fw(con\014gurations)42 |
| | 43681 | b(in)g(the)h(p)s(op)s(corn)f(bary)m(on)h(pro)s(duction)f(mo)s(del,)472 |
| | 43682 | 749 y(roughly)32 b Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(B)d(M)p 1125 671 |
| | 43683 | V 10 w(B)i Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fn(P)h Fw(\()p Fj(B)p |
| | 43684 | 1525 671 V 5 w(B)d Fw(\))22 b(+)g Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(B)d(M)p |
| | 43685 | 2060 671 V 10 w(B)i Fw(\)\))27 b(=)33 b Fq(PARJ\(5\))p |
| | 43686 | Fj(=)p Fw(\(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(5+)p Fq(PARJ\(5\))p Fw(\).)0 |
| | 43687 | 867 y Fq(PARJ\(6\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.5\))36 b(extra)i(suppression)h |
| | 43688 | (for)d(ha)m(ving)i(a)f(s)p 2278 814 39 4 v(s)h(pair)f(shared)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 43689 | (the)g Fj(B)43 b Fw(and)p 3498 789 80 4 v 37 w Fj(B)g |
| | 43690 | Fw(of)37 b(a)472 985 y Fj(B)5 b(M)p 655 907 V 10 w(B)39 |
| | 43691 | b Fw(situation.)0 1094 y Fq(PARJ\(7\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.5\))33 |
| | 43692 | b(extra)h(suppression)i(for)d(ha)m(ving)h(a)g(strange)g(meson)h |
| | 43693 | Fj(M)44 b Fw(in)34 b(a)g Fj(B)5 b(M)p 3384 1016 V 10 |
| | 43694 | w(B)40 b Fw(con\014g-)472 1202 y(uration.)0 1310 y Fq(PARJ\(11\))53 |
| | 43695 | b(-)f(PARJ\(17\))h(:)48 b Fw(parameters)32 b(that)h(determine)f(the)h |
| | 43696 | (spin)f(of)h(mesons.)236 1419 y Fq(PARJ\(11\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 43697 | b Fw(\(D=0.5\))h(is)g(the)h(probabilit)m(y)d(that)j(a)f(ligh)m(t)f |
| | 43698 | (meson)i(\(con)m(taining)e(u)i(and)f(d)709 1527 y(quarks)d(only\))f |
| | 43699 | (has)g(spin)h(1)f(\(with)f Fq(1-PARJ\(11\))k Fw(the)e(probabilit)m(y)d |
| | 43700 | (for)i(spin)g(0\))709 1635 y(when)33 b(formed)f(in)g(fragmen)m(tation.) |
| | 43701 | 236 1744 y Fq(PARJ\(12\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.6\))32 |
| | 43702 | b(is)g(the)h(probabilit)m(y)d(that)j(a)f(strange)h(meson)f(has)h(spin)g |
| | 43703 | (1.)236 1852 y Fq(PARJ\(13\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.75\))30 |
| | 43704 | b(is)h(the)h(probabilit)m(y)e(that)i(a)f(c)m(harm)g(or)g(hea)m(vier)i |
| | 43705 | (meson)e(has)h(spin)g(1.)236 1960 y Fq(PARJ\(14\))54 |
| | 43706 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.\))j(is)35 b(the)g(probabilit)m(y)e(that)i(a)g(spin)g |
| | 43707 | (=)g(0)f(meson)h(is)g(pro)s(duced)h(with)f(an)709 2069 |
| | 43708 | y(orbital)30 b(angular)h(momen)m(tum)g(1,)i(for)f(a)g(total)f(spin)i(=) |
| | 43709 | f(1.)236 2177 y Fq(PARJ\(15\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.\))j(is)35 |
| | 43710 | b(the)g(probabilit)m(y)e(that)i(a)g(spin)g(=)g(1)f(meson)h(is)g(pro)s |
| | 43711 | (duced)h(with)f(an)709 2285 y(orbital)30 b(angular)h(momen)m(tum)g(1,)i |
| | 43712 | (for)f(a)g(total)f(spin)i(=)f(0.)236 2394 y Fq(PARJ\(16\))54 |
| | 43713 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.\))j(is)35 b(the)g(probabilit)m(y)e(that)i(a)g(spin)g |
| | 43714 | (=)g(1)f(meson)h(is)g(pro)s(duced)h(with)f(an)709 2502 |
| | 43715 | y(orbital)30 b(angular)h(momen)m(tum)g(1,)i(for)f(a)g(total)f(spin)i(=) |
| | 43716 | f(1.)236 2610 y Fq(PARJ\(17\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.\))j(is)35 |
| | 43717 | b(the)g(probabilit)m(y)e(that)i(a)g(spin)g(=)g(1)f(meson)h(is)g(pro)s |
| | 43718 | (duced)h(with)f(an)709 2719 y(orbital)30 b(angular)h(momen)m(tum)g(1,)i |
| | 43719 | (for)f(a)g(total)f(spin)i(=)f(2.)236 2827 y Fo(Note)37 |
| | 43720 | b(:)166 b Fw(the)47 b(end)g(result)f(of)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)h(ab)s |
| | 43721 | (o)m(v)m(e)f(is)f(that,)k(with)c Fq(i)h Fw(=)f(11,)k(12)c(or)g(13,)709 |
| | 43722 | 2935 y(dep)s(ending)32 b(on)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(con)m(ten)m(t,)709 |
| | 43723 | 3044 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(S)34 b Fw(=)27 b(0)p Fj(;)17 |
| | 43724 | b(L)28 b Fw(=)f(0)p Fj(;)17 b(J)36 b Fw(=)28 b(0\))f(=)h(\(1)22 |
| | 43725 | b Fn(\000)g Fq(PARJ)p Fw(\()p Fq(i)p Fw(\))r(\))g Fn(\002)g |
| | 43726 | Fw(\(1)g Fn(\000)h Fq(PARJ)p Fw(\()p Fq(14)p Fw(\))q(\),)709 |
| | 43727 | 3152 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(S)34 b Fw(=)27 b(0)p Fj(;)17 |
| | 43728 | b(L)28 b Fw(=)f(1)p Fj(;)17 b(J)36 b Fw(=)28 b(1\))f(=)h(\(1)22 |
| | 43729 | b Fn(\000)g Fq(PARJ)p Fw(\()p Fq(i)p Fw(\))r(\))g Fn(\002)g |
| | 43730 | Fq(PARJ)p Fw(\()p Fq(14)p Fw(\))r(,)709 3260 y Fn(P)8 |
| | 43731 | b Fw(\()p Fj(S)34 b Fw(=)27 b(1)p Fj(;)17 b(L)28 b Fw(=)f(0)p |
| | 43732 | Fj(;)17 b(J)36 b Fw(=)28 b(1\))f(=)1658 3369 y Fq(PARJ)p |
| | 43733 | Fw(\()p Fq(i)p Fw(\))c Fn(\002)g Fw(\(1)f Fn(\000)h Fq(PARJ)p |
| | 43734 | Fw(\()p Fq(15)p Fw(\))g Fn(\000)g Fq(PARJ)p Fw(\()p Fq(16)p |
| | 43735 | Fw(\))g Fn(\000)g Fq(PARJ)p Fw(\()p Fq(17)p Fw(\))q(\),)709 |
| | 43736 | 3477 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(S)34 b Fw(=)27 b(1)p Fj(;)17 |
| | 43737 | b(L)28 b Fw(=)f(1)p Fj(;)17 b(J)36 b Fw(=)28 b(0\))f(=)h |
| | 43738 | Fq(PARJ)p Fw(\()p Fq(i)p Fw(\))23 b Fn(\002)g Fq(PARJ)p |
| | 43739 | Fw(\()p Fq(15)p Fw(\))q(,)709 3585 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p |
| | 43740 | Fj(S)34 b Fw(=)27 b(1)p Fj(;)17 b(L)28 b Fw(=)f(1)p Fj(;)17 |
| | 43741 | b(J)36 b Fw(=)28 b(1\))f(=)h Fq(PARJ)p Fw(\()p Fq(i)p |
| | 43742 | Fw(\))23 b Fn(\002)g Fq(PARJ)p Fw(\()p Fq(16)p Fw(\))q(,)709 |
| | 43743 | 3694 y Fn(P)8 b Fw(\()p Fj(S)34 b Fw(=)27 b(1)p Fj(;)17 |
| | 43744 | b(L)28 b Fw(=)f(1)p Fj(;)17 b(J)36 b Fw(=)28 b(2\))f(=)h |
| | 43745 | Fq(PARJ)p Fw(\()p Fq(i)p Fw(\))23 b Fn(\002)g Fq(PARJ)p |
| | 43746 | Fw(\()p Fq(17)p Fw(\))q(,)709 3802 y(where)39 b Fj(S)45 |
| | 43747 | b Fw(is)38 b(the)h(quark)g(`true')h(spin)e(and)h Fj(J)47 |
| | 43748 | b Fw(is)39 b(the)g(total)e(spin,)j(usually)e(called)709 |
| | 43749 | 3911 y(the)33 b(spin)f Fj(s)h Fw(of)f(the)h(meson.)0 |
| | 43750 | 4019 y Fq(PARJ\(18\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))39 b(is)22 |
| | 43751 | b(an)g(extra)h(suppression)h(factor)e(m)m(ultiplying)d(the)k(ordinary)f |
| | 43752 | Fo(SU\(6\))g Fw(w)m(eigh)m(t)472 4127 y(for)k(spin)g(3/2)g(bary)m(ons,) |
| | 43753 | i(and)f(hence)g(a)f(means)g(to)g(break)h Fo(SU\(6\))f |
| | 43754 | Fw(in)f(addition)g(to)h(the)g(dy-)472 4236 y(namic)c(breaking)g |
| | 43755 | (implied)e(b)m(y)k Fq(PARJ\(2\))p Fw(,)j Fq(PARJ\(3\))p |
| | 43756 | Fw(,)f Fq(PARJ\(4\))p Fw(,)h Fq(PARJ\(6\))d Fw(and)f |
| | 43757 | Fq(PARJ\(7\))p Fw(.)0 4344 y Fq(PARJ\(19\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 43758 | b Fw(\(D=1.\))105 b(extra)54 b(bary)m(on)g(suppression)h(factor,)j |
| | 43759 | (whic)m(h)c(m)m(ultiplies)c(the)k(ordinary)472 4452 y(diquark-an)m |
| | 43760 | (tidiquark)g(pro)s(duction)f(probabilit)m(y)g(for)g(the)i(breakup)g |
| | 43761 | (closest)g(to)f(the)472 4561 y(endp)s(oin)m(t)48 b(of)g(a)f(string,)k |
| | 43762 | (but)d(lea)m(v)m(es)h(other)f(breaks)h(una\013ected.)91 |
| | 43763 | b(Is)49 b(only)e(used)i(for)472 4669 y Fq(MSTJ\(12\)=3)p |
| | 43764 | Fw(.)0 4777 y Fq(PARJ\(21\))k(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.36)30 b(GeV\))h(corresp)s |
| | 43765 | (onds)i(to)e(the)g(width)g Fj(\033)36 b Fw(in)30 b(the)i(Gaussian)f |
| | 43766 | Fj(p)3145 4792 y Fh(x)3220 4777 y Fw(and)g Fj(p)3457 |
| | 43767 | 4792 y Fh(y)3530 4777 y Fw(trans-)472 4886 y(v)m(erse)52 |
| | 43768 | b(momen)m(tum)c(distributions)h(for)g(primary)f(hadrons.)96 |
| | 43769 | b(See)50 b(also)f Fq(PARJ\(22\))k(-)472 4994 y(PARJ\(24\))p |
| | 43770 | Fw(.)0 5102 y Fq(PARJ\(22\))g(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))56 b(relativ)m(e)36 |
| | 43771 | b(increase)i(in)e(transv)m(erse)k(momen)m(tum)35 b(in)i(a)f(gluon)h |
| | 43772 | (jet)g(generated)472 5211 y(with)c Fq(MSTJ\(2\)=)h Fw(2)f(or)f(4.)0 |
| | 43773 | 5319 y Fq(PARJ\(23\),)54 b(PARJ\(24\))f(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.01,)d(2.\))77 |
| | 43774 | b(a)44 b(fraction)f Fq(PARJ\(23\))j Fw(of)d(the)i(Gaussian)e(transv)m |
| | 43775 | (erse)472 5427 y(momen)m(tum)32 b(distribution)e(is)i(tak)m(en)i(to)e |
| | 43776 | (b)s(e)g(a)h(factor)f Fq(PARJ\(24\))i Fw(larger)e(than)g(input)g(in)472 |
| | 43777 | 5536 y Fq(PARJ\(21\))p Fw(.)67 b(This)39 b(giv)m(es)h(a)g(simple)e |
| | 43778 | (parametrization)e(of)j(non-Gaussian)g(tails)f(to)h(the)472 |
| | 43779 | 5644 y(Gaussian)32 b(shap)s(e)i(assumed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)1817 |
| | 43780 | 5953 y(272)p eop |
| | 43781 | %%Page: 273 279 |
| | 43782 | 273 278 bop 0 -18 a Fq(PARJ\(25\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))53 |
| | 43783 | b(extra)36 b(suppression)h(factor)f(for)f Fj(\021)40 |
| | 43784 | b Fw(pro)s(duction)35 b(in)g(fragmen)m(tation;)h(if)f(an)h |
| | 43785 | Fj(\021)472 90 y Fw(is)d(rejected)g(a)g(new)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(pair)d |
| | 43786 | (is)h(generated)i(and)e(a)h(new)g(hadron)g(formed.)0 |
| | 43787 | 198 y Fq(PARJ\(26\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.4\))28 b(extra)h(suppression)h |
| | 43788 | (factor)f(for)f Fj(\021)2179 162 y Fk(0)2231 198 y Fw(pro)s(duction)g |
| | 43789 | (in)h(fragmen)m(tation;)f(if)g(an)h Fj(\021)3757 162 |
| | 43790 | y Fk(0)472 307 y Fw(is)k(rejected)g(a)g(new)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(pair)d |
| | 43791 | (is)h(generated)i(and)e(a)h(new)g(hadron)g(formed.)0 |
| | 43792 | 415 y Fq(PARJ\(31\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.1)26 b(GeV\))h(giv)m(es)g(the) |
| | 43793 | h(remaining)c Fj(W)2095 430 y Fl(+)2181 415 y Fw(b)s(elo)m(w)j(whic)m |
| | 43794 | (h)h(the)f(generation)f(of)h(a)g(single)472 523 y(jet)e(is)f(stopp)s |
| | 43795 | (ed)h(\(it)f(is)f(c)m(hosen)k(smaller)22 b(than)i(a)h(pion)e(mass,)j |
| | 43796 | (so)f(that)f(no)h(hadrons)g(mo)m(ving)472 632 y(in)32 |
| | 43797 | b(the)h(forw)m(ard)g(direction)e(are)i(missed\).)0 740 |
| | 43798 | y Fq(PARJ\(32\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.)85 b(GeV\))47 b(is,)j(with)d |
| | 43799 | (quark)h(masses)f(added,)52 b(used)c(to)e(de\014ne)i(the)g(minim)m(um) |
| | 43800 | 472 848 y(allo)m(w)m(able)31 b(energy)j(of)e(a)g(colour-singlet)e(jet)j |
| | 43801 | (system.)0 957 y Fq(PARJ\(33\))53 b(-)f(PARJ\(34\))h(:)48 |
| | 43802 | b Fw(\(D=0.8)34 b(GeV,)h(1.5)g(GeV\))g(are,)h(together)g(with)e(quark)j |
| | 43803 | (masses,)f(used)472 1065 y(to)c(de\014ne)h(the)f(remaining)e(energy)j |
| | 43804 | (b)s(elo)m(w)f(whic)m(h)g(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)c(of)j(a)g(jet)g |
| | 43805 | (system)472 1173 y(is)k(stopp)s(ed)g(and)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(\014nal)e |
| | 43806 | (hadrons)h(formed.)53 b Fq(PARJ\(33\))38 b Fw(is)d(normally)f(used,)k |
| | 43807 | (except)472 1282 y(for)32 b Fq(MSTJ\(11\)=2)p Fw(,)k(when)d |
| | 43808 | Fq(PARJ\(34\))i Fw(is)d(used.)0 1390 y Fq(PARJ\(36\))53 |
| | 43809 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2.\))62 b(represen)m(ts)42 b(the)d(dep)s(endence)j(on)d |
| | 43810 | (the)g(mass)g(of)g(the)h(\014nal)e(quark)i(pair)e(for)472 |
| | 43811 | 1498 y(de\014ning)31 b(the)g(stopping)g(p)s(oin)m(t)e(of)i(the)g |
| | 43812 | (fragmen)m(tation.)41 b(Is)31 b(strongly)f(correlated)h(to)f(the)472 |
| | 43813 | 1607 y(c)m(hoice)j(of)39 b Fq(PARJ\(33\))54 b(-)d(PARJ\(35\))p |
| | 43814 | Fw(.)0 1715 y Fq(PARJ\(37\))i(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.2\))31 |
| | 43815 | b(relativ)m(e)h(width)h(of)f(the)h(smearing)e(of)h(the)h(stopping)f(p)s |
| | 43816 | (oin)m(t)g(energy)-8 b(.)0 1823 y Fq(PARJ\(38\))53 b(-)f(PARJ\(39\))h |
| | 43817 | (:)48 b Fw(\(D=2.5,)42 b(0.6\))e(refers)i(to)e(the)h(probabilit)m(y)e |
| | 43818 | (for)i(rev)m(erse)i(rapidit)m(y)c(or-)472 1932 y(dering)d(of)h(the)g |
| | 43819 | (\014nal)e(t)m(w)m(o)j(hadrons,)g(according)e(to)g(eq.)h(\(192\),)g |
| | 43820 | (where)h Fj(d)3220 1947 y Fl(0)3294 1932 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(38\))472 |
| | 43821 | 2040 y Fw(for)32 b Fq(MSTJ\(11\))p Fn(6)p Fw(=)e(2,)j(and)f |
| | 43822 | Fj(d)c Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(39\))34 b Fw(for)e Fq(MSTJ\(11\)=2)p |
| | 43823 | Fw(.)0 2148 y Fq(PARJ\(41\),)54 b(PARJ\(42\))f(:)48 b |
| | 43824 | Fw(\(D=0.3,)39 b(0.58)f(GeV)1858 2112 y Fk(\000)p Fl(2)1952 |
| | 43825 | 2148 y Fw(\))g(giv)m(e)h(the)g Fj(a)g Fw(and)f Fj(b)h |
| | 43826 | Fw(parameters)g(of)f(the)h(sym-)472 2257 y(metric)24 |
| | 43827 | b(Lund)i(fragmen)m(tation)d(function)h(for)h Fq(MSTJ\(11\)=)p |
| | 43828 | Fw(1,)j(4)d(and)g(5)g(\(and)g Fq(MSTJ\(11\)=3)472 2365 |
| | 43829 | y Fw(for)32 b(ordinary)g(hadrons\).)0 2473 y Fq(PARJ\(43\),)54 |
| | 43830 | b(PARJ\(44\))f(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.5,)41 b(0.9)f(GeV)1813 |
| | 43831 | 2437 y Fk(\000)p Fl(2)1907 2473 y Fw(\))g(giv)m(e)g(the)h |
| | 43832 | Fj(a)f Fw(and)h Fj(b)f Fw(parameters)h(as)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(for)472 |
| | 43833 | 2582 y(the)33 b(sp)s(ecial)f(case)i(of)e(a)g(gluon)f(jet)i(generated)g |
| | 43834 | (with)g(IF)f(and)h Fq(MSTJ\(2\)=)h Fw(2)f(or)f(4.)0 2690 |
| | 43835 | y Fq(PARJ\(45\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.5\))29 b(the)i(amoun)m(t)f(b)m(y)i |
| | 43836 | (whic)m(h)f(the)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)h Fj(a)f Fw(parameter)f(in)f(the)j |
| | 43837 | (Lund)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)472 2798 y(dep)s(enden)m(t)h(symmetric)d |
| | 43838 | (fragmen)m(tation)e(function)i(is)g(assumed)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(larger)e |
| | 43839 | (than)i(the)472 2907 y(normal)25 b Fj(a)h Fw(when)h(diquarks)g(are)f |
| | 43840 | (pro)s(duced.)43 b(More)26 b(sp)s(eci\014cally)-8 b(,)27 |
| | 43841 | b(referring)e(to)h(eq.)h(\(179\),)472 3015 y Fj(a)523 |
| | 43842 | 3030 y Fh(\013)601 3015 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(41\))g Fw(when)e(considering) |
| | 43843 | g(the)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(of)h(a)g(quark)i(and)f(=)f |
| | 43844 | Fq(PARJ\(41\))472 3123 y(+)52 b(PARJ\(45\))29 b Fw(for)e(the)h(fragmen) |
| | 43845 | m(tation)d(of)i(a)g(diquark,)h(with)f(corresp)s(onding)g(expression)472 |
| | 43846 | 3232 y(for)d Fj(a)664 3247 y Fh(\014)735 3232 y Fw(dep)s(ending)g(on)g |
| | 43847 | (whether)h(the)f(newly)h(created)f(ob)5 b(ject)25 b(is)e(a)h(quark)h |
| | 43848 | (or)e(diquark)h(\(for)472 3340 y(an)37 b(indep)s(enden)m(t)i(gluon)d |
| | 43849 | (jet)h(generated)h(with)f Fq(MSTJ\(2\)=)i Fw(2)e(or)f(4,)i(replace)f |
| | 43850 | Fq(PARJ\(41\))472 3448 y Fw(b)m(y)e Fq(PARJ\(43\))p Fw(\).)45 |
| | 43851 | b(In)32 b(the)h(p)s(op)s(corn)e(mo)s(del,)g(a)h(meson)g(created)g(in)f |
| | 43852 | (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(the)d(bary)m(on)472 3557 y(and)h(an)m(tibary)m(on)g |
| | 43853 | (has)g Fj(a)1378 3572 y Fh(\013)1455 3557 y Fw(=)27 b |
| | 43854 | Fj(a)1609 3572 y Fh(\014)1684 3557 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(41\))54 |
| | 43855 | b(+)d(PARJ\(45\))p Fw(.)0 3665 y Fq(PARJ\(46\))i(-)f(PARJ\(48\))h(:)48 |
| | 43856 | b Fw(\(D=3*1.\))59 b(mo)s(di\014cation)36 b(of)h(the)i(Lund)g |
| | 43857 | (symmetric)e(fragmen)m(tation)472 3774 y(for)f(hea)m(vy)h(endp)s(oin)m |
| | 43858 | (t)e(quarks)i(according)e(to)h(the)g(recip)s(e)f(b)m(y)i(Bo)m(wler,)f |
| | 43859 | (a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(when)472 3882 y Fq(MSTJ\(11\)=)j |
| | 43860 | Fw(4)c(or)h(5)f(is)g(selected.)46 b(The)34 b(shap)s(e)f(is)f(giv)m(en)h |
| | 43861 | (b)m(y)h(eq.)g(\(187\).)43 b(If)d Fq(MSTJ\(11\)=4)472 |
| | 43862 | 3990 y Fw(then)c Fj(r)741 4005 y Fl(Q)831 3990 y Fw(=)p |
| | 43863 | Fq(PARJ\(46\))g Fw(for)e(all)e(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)37 b(while)c(if)41 |
| | 43864 | b Fq(MSTJ\(11\)=5)c Fw(then)e Fj(r)3200 4005 y Fl(c)3266 |
| | 43865 | 3990 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(46\))p Fw(,)472 4099 y Fj(r)516 |
| | 43866 | 4114 y Fl(b)598 4099 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(47\))41 b Fw(and)e |
| | 43867 | Fj(r)1363 4114 y Fl(Q)1460 4099 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(48\))i |
| | 43868 | Fw(for)d(t)h(and)g(hea)m(vier.)62 b Fq(PARJ\(46\))54 |
| | 43869 | b(-)d(PARJ\(48\))472 4207 y Fw(th)m(us)33 b(pro)m(vide)f(a)f(p)s |
| | 43870 | (ossibilit)m(y)e(to)i(in)m(terp)s(olate)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)f |
| | 43871 | (`pure')g(Bo)m(wler)g(shap)s(e,)g Fj(r)f Fw(=)472 4315 |
| | 43872 | y(1,)44 b(and)d(the)h(normal)e(Lund)i(one,)i Fj(r)h Fw(=)d(0.)70 |
| | 43873 | b(The)43 b(additional)38 b(mo)s(di\014cations)h(made)i(in)472 |
| | 43874 | 4424 y Fq(PARJ\(43\))54 b(-)d(PARJ\(45\))35 b Fw(are)e(automatically)c |
| | 43875 | (tak)m(en)k(in)m(to)f(accoun)m(t,)i(if)d(necessary)-8 |
| | 43876 | b(.)0 4532 y Fq(PARJ\(51\))53 b(-)f(PARJ\(58\))h(:)48 |
| | 43877 | b Fw(\(D=3*0.77,)38 b Fn(\000)p Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(05,)h |
| | 43878 | Fn(\000)p Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(005,)g(3*)p Fn(\000)p Fw(0)p |
| | 43879 | Fj(:)p Fw(00001\))e(giv)m(e)h(a)g(c)m(hoice)g(of)g(four)472 |
| | 43880 | 4640 y(p)s(ossible)30 b(w)m(a)m(ys)i(to)e(parametrize)g(the)g(fragmen)m |
| | 43881 | (tation)f(function)h(for)f Fq(MSTJ\(11\)=2)k Fw(\(and)472 |
| | 43882 | 4749 y Fq(MSTJ\(11\)=3)43 b Fw(for)d(c)m(harm)h(and)f(hea)m(vier\).)68 |
| | 43883 | b(The)41 b(fragmen)m(tation)d(of)i(eac)m(h)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(KF)472 |
| | 43884 | 4857 y(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(c)m(hosen)i(separately;)h(for)d(a)f(diquark)h |
| | 43885 | (the)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(of)e(the)h(hea)m(viest)h(quark)g(is)472 |
| | 43886 | 4965 y(used.)45 b(With)32 b Fj(c)c Fw(=)p Fq(PARJ\(50+KF\))p |
| | 43887 | Fw(,)35 b(the)e(parametrizations)e(are:)472 5074 y(0)d |
| | 43888 | Fn(\024)g Fj(c)g Fn(\024)g Fw(1)k(:)44 b(Field-F)-8 b(eynman,)30 |
| | 43889 | b Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))28 b(=)g(1)21 b Fn(\000)i |
| | 43890 | Fj(c)f Fw(+)g(3)p Fj(c)p Fw(\(1)g Fn(\000)g Fj(z)t Fw(\))2711 |
| | 43891 | 5037 y Fl(2)2752 5074 y Fw(;)472 5182 y Fn(\000)p Fw(1)28 |
| | 43892 | b Fn(\024)h Fj(c)e(<)h Fw(0)k(:)43 b(SLA)m(C,)34 b Fj(f)11 |
| | 43893 | b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))28 b(=)g(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(\()p Fj(z)t |
| | 43894 | Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fw(1)p Fj(=z)27 b Fn(\000)22 b |
| | 43895 | Fw(\()p Fn(\000)p Fj(c)p Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(\(1)g Fn(\000)h |
| | 43896 | Fj(z)t Fw(\)\))2928 5146 y Fl(2)2968 5182 y Fw(\);)472 |
| | 43897 | 5290 y Fj(c)28 b(>)g Fw(1)k(:)43 b(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)34 |
| | 43898 | b(p)s(eak)m(ed)g(at)e Fj(z)g Fw(=)c(0,)k Fj(f)11 b Fw(\()p |
| | 43899 | Fj(z)t Fw(\))28 b(=)g(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(z)t Fw(\))2429 |
| | 43900 | 5254 y Fh(c)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2555 5290 y Fw(;)472 5399 |
| | 43901 | y Fj(c)28 b(<)g Fn(\000)p Fw(1)k(:)44 b(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)33 |
| | 43902 | b(p)s(eak)m(ed)h(at)e Fj(z)h Fw(=)27 b(1,)33 b Fj(f)11 |
| | 43903 | b Fw(\()p Fj(z)t Fw(\))28 b(=)f Fj(z)2260 5363 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 43904 | Fh(c)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2441 5399 y Fw(.)0 5507 y Fq(PARJ\(59\))53 |
| | 43905 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))144 b(replaces)68 b Fq(PARJ\(51\))53 |
| | 43906 | b(-)e(PARJ\(53\))69 b Fw(for)d(gluon)g(jet)g(generated)i(with)472 |
| | 43907 | 5615 y Fq(MSTJ\(2\)=)35 b Fw(2)d(or)h(4.)1817 5953 y(273)p |
| | 43908 | eop |
| | 43909 | %%Page: 274 280 |
| | 43910 | 274 279 bop 0 -18 a Fq(PARJ\(61\))53 b(-)f(PARJ\(63\))h(:)48 |
| | 43911 | b Fw(\(D=4.5,)d(0.7,)i(0.\))76 b(parametrizes)44 b(the)g(energy)h(dep)s |
| | 43912 | (endence)h(of)d(the)472 90 y(primary)34 b(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)e |
| | 43913 | (distribution)h(in)i(phase-space)h(deca)m(ys.)54 b(The)36 |
| | 43914 | b(former)e(t)m(w)m(o)i(cor-)472 198 y(resp)s(ond)43 b(to)e |
| | 43915 | Fj(c)1018 213 y Fl(1)1099 198 y Fw(and)g Fj(c)1339 213 |
| | 43916 | y Fl(2)1420 198 y Fw(of)g(eq.)i(\(209\),)g(while)d(the)i(latter)f(allo) |
| | 43917 | m(ws)f(a)h(further)h(additiv)m(e)472 307 y(term)32 b(in)g(the)h(m)m |
| | 43918 | (ultiplicit)m(y)c(sp)s(eci\014cally)j(for)g(onium)f(deca)m(ys.)0 |
| | 43919 | 415 y Fq(PARJ\(64\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(0.003)28 b(GeV\))h(minim)m(um)c |
| | 43920 | (kinetic)k(energy)h(in)e(deca)m(ys)j(\(safet)m(y)f(margin)d(for)h(n)m |
| | 43921 | (umerical)472 523 y(precision)k(errors\).)0 632 y Fq(PARJ\(65\))53 |
| | 43922 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.5)22 b(GeV\))h(mass)g(whic)m(h,)j(in)c(addition)g(to) |
| | 43923 | g(the)i(sp)s(ectator)f(quark)h(ordiquark)f(mass,)472 |
| | 43924 | 740 y(is)33 b(not)f(assumed)h(to)f(partak)m(e)i(in)e(the)h(w)m(eak)g |
| | 43925 | (deca)m(y)h(of)e(a)h(hea)m(vy)h(quark)f(in)f(a)g(hadron.)0 |
| | 43926 | 848 y Fq(PARJ\(66\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.5\))30 b(relativ)m(e)g |
| | 43927 | (probabilit)m(y)f(that)i(colour)f(is)g(rearranged)h(when)h(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 43928 | (singlets)e(are)472 957 y(to)i(b)s(e)g(formed)f(from)f(deca)m(y)k(pro)s |
| | 43929 | (ducts.)44 b(Only)31 b(applies)g(for)g Fq(MDME\(IDC,2\)=)k |
| | 43930 | Fw(11{30,)c(i.e.)472 1065 y(lo)m(w-mass)h(phase-space)i(deca)m(ys.)0 |
| | 43931 | 1173 y Fq(PARJ\(71\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=10)27 b(mm\))g(maxim)m(um)f(a)m |
| | 43932 | (v)m(erage)j(prop)s(er)g(lifetime)c(for)j(particles)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)h |
| | 43933 | (to)g(deca)m(y)472 1282 y(in)g(the)h Fq(MSTJ\(22\)=2)i |
| | 43934 | Fw(option.)41 b(With)28 b(the)h(default)e(v)-5 b(alue,)29 |
| | 43935 | b(K)2714 1245 y Fl(0)2714 1306 y(S)2757 1282 y Fw(,)h(\003,)f(\006)3008 |
| | 43936 | 1245 y Fk(\000)3067 1282 y Fw(,)g(\006)3193 1245 y Fl(+)3253 |
| | 43937 | 1282 y Fw(,)g(\004)3374 1245 y Fk(\000)3433 1282 y Fw(,)h(\004)3555 |
| | 43938 | 1245 y Fl(0)3622 1282 y Fw(and)472 1390 y(\012)542 1354 |
| | 43939 | y Fk(\000)640 1390 y Fw(are)38 b(stable)g(\(in)f(addition)g(to)g(those) |
| | 43940 | i(normally)d(tak)m(en)j(to)f(b)s(e)g(stable\),)h(but)g(c)m(harm)472 |
| | 43941 | 1498 y(and)33 b(b)s(ottom)e(do)i(still)d(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 43942 | b(.)0 1607 y Fq(PARJ\(72\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1000)22 |
| | 43943 | b(mm\))h(maxim)m(um)f(distance)i(from)f(the)h(origin)e(at)i(whic)m(h)g |
| | 43944 | (a)g(deca)m(y)i(is)d(allo)m(w)m(ed)472 1715 y(to)33 b(tak)m(e)g(place)f |
| | 43945 | (in)g(the)h Fq(MSTJ\(22\)=3)i Fw(option.)0 1823 y Fq(PARJ\(73\))53 |
| | 43946 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=100)37 b(mm\))g(maxim)m(um)e(cylindrical)h(distance)j |
| | 43947 | Fj(\032)f Fw(=)2699 1747 y Fn(p)p 2782 1747 306 4 v 76 |
| | 43948 | x Fj(x)2837 1795 y Fl(2)2899 1823 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(y)3049 |
| | 43949 | 1795 y Fl(2)3126 1823 y Fw(from)37 b(the)i(origin)472 |
| | 43950 | 1932 y(at)33 b(whic)m(h)g(a)f(deca)m(y)i(is)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(tak) |
| | 43951 | m(e)i(place)e(in)g(the)h Fq(MSTJ\(22\)=4)i Fw(option.)0 |
| | 43952 | 2040 y Fq(PARJ\(74\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1000)d(mm\))g(maxim)m(um)f(z)j |
| | 43953 | (distance)g(from)f(the)h(origin)d(at)i(whic)m(h)i(a)e(deca)m(y)i(is)472 |
| | 43954 | 2148 y(allo)m(w)m(ed)32 b(to)h(tak)m(e)g(place)f(in)g(the)h |
| | 43955 | Fq(MSTJ\(22\)=4)i Fw(option.)0 2277 y Fq(PARJ\(76\))53 |
| | 43956 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.7\))31 b(mixing)g(parameter)h Fj(x)1787 |
| | 43957 | 2292 y Fh(d)1855 2277 y Fw(=)c(\001)p Fj(M)5 b(=)p Fw(\000)33 |
| | 43958 | b(in)f(B)2465 2241 y Fl(0)2504 2277 y Fw({)p 2553 2199 |
| | 43959 | 70 4 v(B)2622 2219 y Fl(0)2694 2277 y Fw(system.)0 2412 |
| | 43960 | y Fq(PARJ\(77\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=10.\))42 b(mixing)31 |
| | 43961 | b(parameter)h Fj(x)1798 2427 y Fh(s)1863 2412 y Fw(=)27 |
| | 43962 | b(\001)p Fj(M)5 b(=)p Fw(\000)33 b(in)f(B)2472 2375 y |
| | 43963 | Fl(0)2472 2436 y Fh(s)2511 2412 y Fw({)p 2560 2334 V(B)2629 |
| | 43964 | 2353 y Fl(0)2629 2436 y Fh(s)2701 2412 y Fw(system.)0 |
| | 43965 | 2520 y Fq(PARJ\(81\))53 b(-)f(PARJ\(89\))h(:)48 b Fw(parameters)32 |
| | 43966 | b(for)g(time-lik)m(e)e(parton)j(sho)m(w)m(ers,)i(see)e(section)g(10.4.) |
| | 43967 | 0 2628 y Fq(PARJ\(91\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.020)35 b(GeV\))h(minim)m |
| | 43968 | (um)c(particle)j(width)h(in)g Fq(PMAS\(KC,2\))p Fw(,)j(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)e |
| | 43969 | (whic)m(h)g(par-)472 2737 y(ticle)h(deca)m(ys)i(are)e(assumed)h(to)f |
| | 43970 | (tak)m(e)h(place)f(b)s(efore)g(the)h(stage)g(where)g(Bose{Einstein)472 |
| | 43971 | 2845 y(e\013ects)34 b(are)f(in)m(tro)s(duced.)0 2953 |
| | 43972 | y Fq(PARJ\(92\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))e(nominal)31 |
| | 43973 | b(strength)k(of)e(Bose{Einstein)h(e\013ects)h(for)e Fj(Q)d |
| | 43974 | Fw(=)g(0,)j(see)i Fq(MSTJ\(51\))p Fw(.)472 3062 y(This)26 |
| | 43975 | b(parameter,)h(often)e(denoted)i Fj(\025)p Fw(,)g(expresses)h(the)e |
| | 43976 | (amoun)m(t)f(of)h(incoherence)g(in)f(parti-)472 3170 |
| | 43977 | y(cle)f(pro)s(duction.)39 b(Due)24 b(to)f(the)h(simpli\014ed)d(picture) |
| | 43978 | i(used)i(for)e(the)h(Bose{Einstein)f(e\013ects,)472 3278 |
| | 43979 | y(in)37 b(particular)f(for)h(e\013ects)i(from)d(three)i(nearb)m(y)h |
| | 43980 | (iden)m(tical)c(particles,)j(the)g(actual)f Fj(\025)g |
| | 43981 | Fw(of)472 3387 y(the)c(sim)m(ulated)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h |
| | 43982 | (larger)e(than)i(the)g(input)f(v)-5 b(alue.)0 3495 y |
| | 43983 | Fq(PARJ\(93\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.20)e(GeV\))h(size)h(of)e(the)i |
| | 43984 | (Bose{Einstein)f(e\013ect)i(region)d(in)h(terms)g(of)g(the)g |
| | 43985 | Fj(Q)472 3603 y Fw(v)-5 b(ariable,)54 b(see)e Fq(MSTJ\(51\))p |
| | 43986 | Fw(.)101 b(The)52 b(more)e(con)m(v)m(en)m(tional)h(measure,)56 |
| | 43987 | b(in)50 b(terms)h(of)f(the)472 3712 y(radius)56 b Fj(R)g |
| | 43988 | Fw(of)f(the)h(pro)s(duction)f(v)m(olume,)61 b(is)55 b(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y) |
| | 43989 | g Fj(R)68 b Fw(=)f(\026)-50 b Fj(h=)p Fq(PARJ\(93\))p |
| | 43990 | Fn(\031)69 b Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(2)472 3820 y(fm)p Fn(\002)p |
| | 43991 | Fw(GeV/)p Fq(PARJ\(93\))p Fw(=)p Fq(PARU\(3\))p Fw(/)p |
| | 43992 | Fq(PARJ\(93\))p Fw(.)0 3928 y Fq(PARJ\(121\))54 b(-)d(PARJ\(171\))j(:) |
| | 43993 | 47 b Fw(parameters)33 b(for)f(e)1923 3892 y Fl(+)1982 |
| | 43994 | 3928 y Fw(e)2025 3892 y Fk(\000)2117 3928 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)j |
| | 43995 | (generation,)d(see)h(section)g(6.3.)0 4202 y Fp(14.5)136 |
| | 43996 | b(Couplings)0 4375 y Fw(In)40 b(this)f(section)g(w)m(e)h(collect)f |
| | 43997 | (information)d(on)j(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(routines)f(for)f(running)h |
| | 43998 | Fj(\013)3130 4390 y Fl(s)3202 4375 y Fw(and)g Fj(\013)3460 |
| | 43999 | 4390 y Fl(em)3554 4375 y Fw(,)i(and)0 4483 y(on)h(other)f(couplings)g |
| | 44000 | (of)g(standard)h(and)g(non-standard)g(particles.)69 b(Although)41 |
| | 44001 | b(originally)d(b)s(egun)0 4592 y(for)46 b Fm(Jetset)f |
| | 44002 | Fw(applications,)j(this)e(section)h(has)g(rapidly)e(expanded)j(to)m(w)m |
| | 44003 | (ards)f(the)g(non-standard)0 4700 y(asp)s(ects,)38 b(and)d(is)g(th)m |
| | 44004 | (us)i(more)d(of)h(in)m(terest)i(for)d Fm(Pythia)i Fw(applications)e |
| | 44005 | (than)h(for)g Fm(Jetset)f Fw(itself.)51 b(It)0 4808 y(could)25 |
| | 44006 | b(therefore)g(equally)g(w)m(ell)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)g(put)g |
| | 44007 | (somewhere)g(else)f(in)f(this)h(man)m(ual.)40 b(A)25 |
| | 44008 | b(few)g(couplings)0 4917 y(indeed)33 b(app)s(ear)f(in)g(the)h |
| | 44009 | Fq(PARP)h Fw(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(see)i(section)f(9.3.)p |
| | 44010 | 0 5061 1030 9 v 0 5286 9 225 v 79 5201 a Fq(ALEM)52 b(=)g(ULALEM\(Q2\)) |
| | 44011 | p 1022 5286 V 0 5294 1030 9 v 0 5426 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c |
| | 44012 | Fw(to)35 b(calculate)g(the)i(running)e(electromagnetic)g(coupling)g |
| | 44013 | (constan)m(t)h Fj(\013)3105 5441 y Fl(em)3200 5426 y |
| | 44014 | Fw(.)54 b(Expressions)472 5534 y(used)29 b(are)f(describ)s(ed)h(in)e |
| | 44015 | (ref.)42 b([Kle89)n(].)g(See)29 b Fq(MSTU\(101\))p Fw(,)i |
| | 44016 | Fq(PARU\(101\))p Fw(,)g Fq(PARU\(103\))f Fw(and)472 5642 |
| | 44017 | y Fq(PARU\(104\))p Fw(.)1817 5953 y(274)p eop |
| | 44018 | %%Page: 275 281 |
| | 44019 | 275 280 bop 0 -18 a Fq(Q2)52 b(:)267 b Fw(the)33 b(momen)m(tum)f |
| | 44020 | (transfer)h(scale)f Fj(Q)1824 -55 y Fl(2)1896 -18 y Fw(at)h(whic)m(h)g |
| | 44021 | (to)f(ev)-5 b(aluate)32 b Fj(\013)2858 -3 y Fl(em)2952 |
| | 44022 | -18 y Fw(.)p 0 126 1030 9 v 0 351 9 225 v 79 266 a Fq(ALPS)52 |
| | 44023 | b(=)g(ULALPS\(Q2\))p 1022 351 V 0 359 1030 9 v 0 491 |
| | 44024 | a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)36 b(calculate)g(the)i(running)e(strong)h |
| | 44025 | (coupling)f(constan)m(t)i Fj(\013)2712 506 y Fl(s)2744 |
| | 44026 | 491 y Fw(.)57 b(The)38 b(\014rst-)f(and)g(second-)472 |
| | 44027 | 599 y(order)23 b(expressions)i(are)e(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)g(eqs.)i(\(27\))d |
| | 44028 | (and)h(\(32\).)39 b(See)24 b Fq(MSTU\(111\))54 b(-)d(MSTU\(118\))472 |
| | 44029 | 707 y Fw(and)33 b Fq(PARU\(111\))54 b(-)d(PARU\(118\))35 |
| | 44030 | b Fw(for)d(options.)0 816 y Fq(Q2)52 b(:)267 b Fw(the)33 |
| | 44031 | b(momen)m(tum)f(transfer)h(scale)f Fj(Q)1824 779 y Fl(2)1896 |
| | 44032 | 816 y Fw(at)h(whic)m(h)g(to)f(ev)-5 b(aluate)32 b Fj(\013)2858 |
| | 44033 | 831 y Fl(s)2890 816 y Fw(.)p 0 960 2876 9 v 0 1185 9 |
| | 44034 | 225 v 79 1100 a Fq(COMMON/LUDAT1/MSTU\(200\),)q(PARU)q(\(200)q(\),MS)q |
| | 44035 | (TJ\()q(200\))q(,PAR)q(J\(20)q(0\))p 2867 1185 V 0 1193 |
| | 44036 | 2876 9 v 0 1325 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)31 b(giv)m(e)h(access)i(to) |
| | 44037 | d(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(status)i(co)s(des)g(and)f(parameters)f |
| | 44038 | (whic)m(h)i(regulate)e(the)472 1433 y(p)s(erformance)j(of)g(the)h |
| | 44039 | (program)e(as)h(a)g(whole.)49 b(Here)35 b(only)f(those)h(related)e(to)h |
| | 44040 | (couplings)472 1541 y(are)f(describ)s(ed;)h(the)f(main)d(description)j |
| | 44041 | (is)f(found)g(in)g(section)h(14.4.)0 1704 y Fq(MSTU\(101\))54 |
| | 44042 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1\))32 b(pro)s(cedure)h(for)f Fj(\013)1582 |
| | 44043 | 1719 y Fl(em)1709 1704 y Fw(ev)-5 b(aluation)31 b(in)h(the)h |
| | 44044 | Fq(ULALEM)h Fw(function.)236 1812 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 44045 | b Fj(\013)771 1827 y Fl(em)898 1812 y Fw(is)32 b(tak)m(en)h(\014xed)h |
| | 44046 | (at)e(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 b Fq(PARU\(101\))p Fw(.)236 |
| | 44047 | 1920 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fj(\013)771 1935 y Fl(em)904 |
| | 44048 | 1920 y Fw(is)38 b(running)g(with)h(the)g Fj(Q)1857 1884 |
| | 44049 | y Fl(2)1936 1920 y Fw(scale,)h(taking)e(in)m(to)g(accoun)m(t)i |
| | 44050 | (corrections)f(from)709 2029 y(fermion)31 b(lo)s(ops)g(\(e,)i |
| | 44051 | Fj(\026)p Fw(,)f Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)33 b(d,)g(u,)g(s,)g(c,)g(b\).)236 |
| | 44052 | 2137 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fj(\013)771 2152 y Fl(em)904 |
| | 44053 | 2137 y Fw(is)38 b(\014xed,)j(but)e(with)f(separate)i(v)-5 |
| | 44054 | b(alues)38 b(at)h(lo)m(w)f(and)g(high)g Fj(Q)3182 2101 |
| | 44055 | y Fl(2)3222 2137 y Fw(.)62 b(F)-8 b(or)37 b Fj(Q)3568 |
| | 44056 | 2101 y Fl(2)3647 2137 y Fw(b)s(e-)709 2246 y(lo)m(w)e(\(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
| | 44057 | (e\))i Fq(PARU\(104\))h Fw(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)35 b Fq(PARU\(101\))k |
| | 44058 | Fw(\()p Fq(PARU\(103\))p Fw(\))f(is)d(used.)56 b(The)709 |
| | 44059 | 2354 y(former)45 b(v)-5 b(alue)45 b(is)h(then)g(in)m(tended)h(for)e |
| | 44060 | (real)g(photon)h(emission,)j(the)d(latter)f(for)709 2462 |
| | 44061 | y(electro)m(w)m(eak)34 b(ph)m(ysics,)g(e.g.)44 b(of)32 |
| | 44062 | b(the)h(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z)f(gauge)g(b)s(osons.)0 2571 y |
| | 44063 | Fq(MSTU\(111\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1\))c(order)i(of)f |
| | 44064 | Fj(\013)1382 2586 y Fl(s)1458 2571 y Fw(ev)-5 b(aluation)43 |
| | 44065 | b(in)g(the)i Fq(ULALPS)h Fw(function.)78 b(Is)45 b(o)m(v)m(erwritten)g |
| | 44066 | (in)472 2679 y Fq(LUEEVT)p Fw(,)39 b Fq(LUONIA)f Fw(or)e |
| | 44067 | Fq(PYINIT)i Fw(calls)e(with)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(desired)i(for)e |
| | 44068 | (the)h(pro)s(cess)h(under)472 2787 y(study)-8 b(.)236 |
| | 44069 | 2896 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fj(\013)771 2911 y Fl(s)835 |
| | 44070 | 2896 y Fw(is)32 b(\014xed)i(at)e(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 44071 | b Fq(PARU\(111\))p Fw(.)236 3004 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 44072 | b Fw(\014rst-order)32 b(running)h Fj(\013)1590 3019 y |
| | 44073 | Fl(s)1654 3004 y Fw(is)f(used.)236 3112 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 44074 | b Fw(second-order)33 b(running)f Fj(\013)1703 3127 y |
| | 44075 | Fl(s)1768 3112 y Fw(is)g(used.)0 3221 y Fq(MSTU\(112\))54 |
| | 44076 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=5\))32 b(the)i(nominal)c(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)k(of)e(\015a)m |
| | 44077 | (v)m(ours)j(assumed)e(in)g(the)g Fj(\013)3027 3236 y |
| | 44078 | Fl(s)3092 3221 y Fw(expression,)i(with)472 3329 y(resp)s(ect)f(to)f |
| | 44079 | (whic)m(h)g(\003)f(is)g(de\014ned.)0 3437 y Fq(MSTU\(113\))54 |
| | 44080 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=3\))27 b(minim)m(um)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)k(of)f(\015a)m(v) |
| | 44081 | m(ours)i(that)f(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)h(assumed)h(in)d Fj(\013)3255 |
| | 44082 | 3452 y Fl(s)3315 3437 y Fw(expression,)472 3546 y(see)34 |
| | 44083 | b Fq(MSTU\(112\))p Fw(.)0 3654 y Fq(MSTU\(114\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 44084 | b Fw(\(D=5\))25 b(maxim)m(um)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours) |
| | 44085 | j(that)d(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(assumed)h(in)e Fj(\013)3257 |
| | 44086 | 3669 y Fl(s)3315 3654 y Fw(expression,)472 3762 y(see)34 |
| | 44087 | b Fq(MSTU\(112\))p Fw(.)0 3871 y Fq(MSTU\(115\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 44088 | b Fw(\(D=0\))32 b(treatmen)m(t)g(of)g Fj(\013)1544 3886 |
| | 44089 | y Fl(s)1609 3871 y Fw(singularit)m(y)f(for)h Fj(Q)2318 |
| | 44090 | 3835 y Fl(2)2385 3871 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(0.)236 3979 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 44091 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(allo)m(w)31 b(it)g(to)h(div)m(erge)h(lik)m(e)f(1)p |
| | 44092 | Fj(=)17 b Fw(ln)o(\()p Fj(Q)2003 3943 y Fl(2)2042 3979 |
| | 44093 | y Fj(=)p Fw(\003)2159 3943 y Fl(2)2198 3979 y Fw(\).)236 |
| | 44094 | 4087 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(soften)33 b(the)g(div)m(ergence)h(to)e |
| | 44095 | (1)p Fj(=)17 b Fw(ln)n(\(1)22 b(+)g Fj(Q)2237 4051 y |
| | 44096 | Fl(2)2277 4087 y Fj(=)p Fw(\003)2394 4051 y Fl(2)2433 |
| | 44097 | 4087 y Fw(\).)236 4196 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(freeze)52 |
| | 44098 | b Fj(Q)1078 4160 y Fl(2)1169 4196 y Fw(ev)m(olution)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h |
| | 44099 | Fq(PARU\(114\))p Fw(,)59 b(i.e.)99 b(the)52 b(e\013ectiv)m(e)h(argumen) |
| | 44100 | m(t)e(is)709 4304 y(max)o(\()p Fj(Q)1005 4268 y Fl(2)1045 |
| | 44101 | 4304 y Fj(;)p Fq(PARU\(114\))p Fw(\).)0 4412 y Fq(MSTU\(118\))j(:)47 |
| | 44102 | b Fw(\(I\))33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i |
| | 44103 | Fj(n)1640 4427 y Fh(f)1718 4412 y Fw(found)f(and)f(used)i(in)e(latest)g |
| | 44104 | Fq(ULALPS)i Fw(call.)0 4575 y Fq(PARU\(101\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 44105 | b Fw(\(D=0.00729735=1/137.04\))20 b Fj(\013)1834 4590 |
| | 44106 | y Fl(em)1929 4575 y Fw(,)26 b(the)f(electromagnetic)e(\014ne)i |
| | 44107 | (structure)h(constan)m(t)472 4683 y(at)33 b(v)-5 b(anishing)31 |
| | 44108 | b(momen)m(tum)g(transfer.)0 4792 y Fq(PARU\(102\))54 |
| | 44109 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.232\))j(sin)1231 4752 y Fl(2)1270 4792 |
| | 44110 | y Fj(\022)1315 4807 y Fh(W)1396 4792 y Fw(,)57 b(the)52 |
| | 44111 | b(w)m(eak)h(mixing)d(angle)h(of)g(the)h(standard)g(electro)m(w)m(eak) |
| | 44112 | 472 4900 y(mo)s(del.)0 5008 y Fq(PARU\(103\))i(:)47 b |
| | 44113 | Fw(\(D=0.007764=1/128.8\))57 b(t)m(ypical)j Fj(\013)2072 |
| | 44114 | 5023 y Fl(em)2228 5008 y Fw(in)g(electro)m(w)m(eak)i(pro)s(cesses;)77 |
| | 44115 | b(used)62 b(for)472 5117 y Fj(Q)549 5080 y Fl(2)617 5117 |
| | 44116 | y Fj(>)p Fq(PARU\(104\))35 b Fw(in)c(the)i(option)f Fq(MSTU\(101\)=2)j |
| | 44117 | Fw(of)k Fq(ULALEM)p Fw(.)0 5225 y Fq(PARU\(104\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 44118 | b Fw(\(D=1)30 b(GeV)1072 5189 y Fl(2)1111 5225 y Fw(\))g(dividing)f |
| | 44119 | (line)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(`lo)m(w')d(and)h(`high')e |
| | 44120 | Fj(Q)2872 5189 y Fl(2)2943 5225 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)30 |
| | 44121 | b(in)g(the)h(option)472 5333 y Fq(MSTU\(101\)=2)36 b |
| | 44122 | Fw(of)j Fq(ULALEM)p Fw(.)0 5442 y Fq(PARU\(105\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 44123 | b Fw(\(D=1.16639E-5)30 b(GeV)1492 5405 y Fk(\000)p Fl(2)1587 |
| | 44124 | 5442 y Fw(\))i Fj(G)1734 5457 y Fl(F)1784 5442 y Fw(,)h(the)g(F)-8 |
| | 44125 | b(ermi)31 b(constan)m(t)i(of)f(w)m(eak)i(in)m(teractions.)0 |
| | 44126 | 5550 y Fq(PARU\(108\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(I\))33 b(the)g |
| | 44127 | Fj(\013)985 5565 y Fl(em)1112 5550 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
| | 44128 | b(obtained)g(in)f(the)i(latest)g(call)d(to)j(the)g Fq(ULALEM)h |
| | 44129 | Fw(function.)0 5658 y Fq(PARU\(111\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.20\))33 |
| | 44130 | b(\014x)i Fj(\013)1247 5673 y Fl(s)1313 5658 y Fw(v)-5 |
| | 44131 | b(alue)34 b(assumed)h(in)e Fq(ULALPS)j Fw(when)f Fq(MSTU\(111\)=0)j |
| | 44132 | Fw(\(and)c(also)f(in)1817 5953 y(275)p eop |
| | 44133 | %%Page: 276 282 |
| | 44134 | 276 281 bop 472 -18 a Fw(parton)33 b(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(when)e |
| | 44135 | Fj(\013)1462 -3 y Fl(s)1527 -18 y Fw(is)f(assumed)h(\014x)g(there\).)0 |
| | 44136 | 90 y Fq(PARU\(112\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.25)25 b(GeV\))i(\003)f(used)h |
| | 44137 | (in)f(running)g Fj(\013)2094 105 y Fl(s)2152 90 y Fw(expression)i(in)d |
| | 44138 | Fq(ULALPS)p Fw(.)k(Lik)m(e)d Fq(MSTU\(111\))p Fw(,)472 |
| | 44139 | 198 y(this)h(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(is)h(o)m(v)m(erwritten)h(b)m(y)f(the)h |
| | 44140 | (calling)c(ph)m(ysics)k(routines,)g(and)f(is)g(therefore)g(purely)472 |
| | 44141 | 307 y(nominal.)0 415 y Fq(PARU\(113\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.\))64 |
| | 44142 | b(the)40 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(thresholds,)h(for)d(the)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)h |
| | 44143 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours)j Fj(n)3608 |
| | 44144 | 430 y Fh(f)3693 415 y Fw(to)472 523 y(use)30 b(in)d(the)i |
| | 44145 | Fj(\013)972 538 y Fl(s)1032 523 y Fw(expression,)i(are)d(assumed)h(to)f |
| | 44146 | (sit)g(at)g Fj(Q)2510 487 y Fl(2)2578 523 y Fw(=)p Fq(PARU\(113\))p |
| | 44147 | Fn(\002)p Fj(m)3275 487 y Fl(2)3275 548 y(q)3319 523 |
| | 44148 | y Fw(,)h(where)h Fj(m)3738 538 y Fl(q)472 632 y Fw(is)j(the)g(quark)g |
| | 44149 | (mass.)43 b(Ma)m(y)34 b(b)s(e)f(o)m(v)m(erwritten)g(from)f(the)h |
| | 44150 | (calling)c(ph)m(ysics)35 b(routine.)0 740 y Fq(PARU\(114\))54 |
| | 44151 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=4)40 b(GeV)1082 704 y Fl(2)1121 740 y |
| | 44152 | Fw(\))g Fj(Q)1276 704 y Fl(2)1356 740 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)40 |
| | 44153 | b(b)s(elo)m(w)g(whic)m(h)h(the)g Fj(\013)2425 755 y Fl(s)2497 |
| | 44154 | 740 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(is)g(assumed)h(constan)m(t)g(for)472 |
| | 44155 | 848 y Fq(MSTU\(115\)=2)p Fw(.)0 957 y Fq(PARU\(115\))54 |
| | 44156 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=10.\))42 b(maxim)m(um)31 b Fj(\013)1523 |
| | 44157 | 972 y Fl(s)1587 957 y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(that)g Fq(ULALPS)i |
| | 44158 | Fw(will)d(ev)m(er)i(return;)h(is)e(used)h(as)g(a)f(last)472 |
| | 44159 | 1065 y(resort)h(to)g(a)m(v)m(oid)f(singularities.)0 1173 |
| | 44160 | y Fq(PARU\(117\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(I\))26 b(\003)f(v)-5 |
| | 44161 | b(alue)25 b(\(asso)s(ciated)g(with)h Fq(MSTU\(118\))i |
| | 44162 | Fw(e\013ectiv)m(e)e(\015a)m(v)m(ours\))h(obtained)e(in)g(latest)472 |
| | 44163 | 1282 y Fq(ULALPS)35 b Fw(call.)0 1390 y Fq(PARU\(118\))54 |
| | 44164 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(I\))33 b Fj(\013)817 1405 y Fl(s)881 1390 |
| | 44165 | y Fw(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(obtained)g(in)g(latest)g Fq(ULALPS)i |
| | 44166 | Fw(call.)0 1498 y Fq(PARU\(121\))54 b(-)d(PARU\(130\))j(:)47 |
| | 44167 | b Fw(couplings)36 b(of)h(a)g(new)h(Z)2126 1462 y Fk(0)p |
| | 44168 | Fl(0)2184 1498 y Fw(;)h(for)e(fermion)e(default)h(v)-5 |
| | 44169 | b(alues)37 b(are)g(giv)m(en)472 1607 y(b)m(y)32 b(the)e(Standard)g(Mo)s |
| | 44170 | (del)g(Z)1547 1571 y Fl(0)1616 1607 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)31 |
| | 44171 | b(assuming)e(sin)2473 1567 y Fl(2)2513 1607 y Fj(\022)2558 |
| | 44172 | 1622 y Fh(W)2666 1607 y Fw(=)f(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(23.)42 b(Note)30 |
| | 44173 | b(that)g(e.g.)43 b(the)472 1715 y(Z)532 1679 y Fk(0)p |
| | 44174 | Fl(0)627 1715 y Fw(width)36 b(con)m(tains)g(squared)i(couplings,)e(and) |
| | 44175 | g(th)m(us)i(dep)s(ends)g(quadratically)c(on)i(the)472 |
| | 44176 | 1823 y(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(b)s(elo)m(w.)236 1932 y Fq(PARU\(121\),)54 |
| | 44177 | b(PARU\(122\))g(:)47 b Fw(\(D=-0.693,-1.\))c(v)m(ector)35 |
| | 44178 | b(and)e(axial)e(couplings)i(of)f(do)m(wn)j(t)m(yp)s(e)709 |
| | 44179 | 2040 y(quarks)f(to)e(Z)1203 2004 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1261 2040 |
| | 44180 | y Fw(.)236 2148 y Fq(PARU\(123\),)54 b(PARU\(124\))g(:)47 |
| | 44181 | b Fw(\(D=0.387,1.\))105 b(v)m(ector)54 b(and)g(axial)d(couplings)i(of)g |
| | 44182 | (up)h(t)m(yp)s(e)709 2257 y(quarks)34 b(to)e(Z)1203 2221 |
| | 44183 | y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1261 2257 y Fw(.)236 2365 y Fq(PARU\(125\),)54 |
| | 44184 | b(PARU\(126\))g(:)47 b Fw(\(D=-0.08,-1.\))67 b(v)m(ector)42 |
| | 44185 | b(and)f(axial)e(couplings)h(of)h(leptons)g(to)709 2473 |
| | 44186 | y(Z)769 2437 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)827 2473 y Fw(.)236 2582 y |
| | 44187 | Fq(PARU\(127\),)54 b(PARU\(128\))g(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.,1.\))41 |
| | 44188 | b(v)m(ector)30 b(and)e(axial)f(couplings)g(of)h(neutrinos)g(to)g(Z)3694 |
| | 44189 | 2546 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)3752 2582 y Fw(.)236 2690 y Fq(PARU\(129\))54 |
| | 44190 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.\))56 b(the)38 b(coupling)d Fj(Z)1847 |
| | 44191 | 2654 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1941 2690 y Fn(!)g Fw(W)2177 2654 |
| | 44192 | y Fl(+)2236 2690 y Fw(W)2337 2654 y Fk(\000)2434 2690 |
| | 44193 | y Fw(is)h(tak)m(en)i(to)f(b)s(e)g Fq(PARU\(129\))p Fn(\002)p |
| | 44194 | Fw(\(the)709 2798 y(Standard)50 b(Mo)s(del)h(Z)1526 2762 |
| | 44195 | y Fl(0)1623 2798 y Fn(!)58 b Fw(W)1882 2762 y Fl(+)1942 |
| | 44196 | 2798 y Fw(W)2043 2762 y Fk(\000)2153 2798 y Fw(coupling\))p |
| | 44197 | Fn(\002)p Fw(\()p Fj(m)2750 2813 y Fl(W)2827 2798 y Fj(=m)2961 |
| | 44198 | 2813 y Fl(Z)3004 2794 y Fd(0)3031 2798 y Fw(\))3069 2762 |
| | 44199 | y Fl(2)3108 2798 y Fw(.)98 b(This)51 b(giv)m(es)g(a)709 |
| | 44200 | 2907 y(Z)769 2871 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)875 2907 y Fn(!)c Fw(W)1123 |
| | 44201 | 2871 y Fl(+)1183 2907 y Fw(W)1284 2871 y Fk(\000)1388 |
| | 44202 | 2907 y Fw(partial)42 b(width)i(that)g(increases)i(prop)s(ortionately)c |
| | 44203 | (to)i(the)h(Z)3721 2871 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)709 3015 y Fw(mass.)236 |
| | 44204 | 3123 y Fq(PARU\(130\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.\))i(in)34 |
| | 44205 | b(the)i(deca)m(y)g(c)m(hain)e(Z)2078 3087 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2168 |
| | 44206 | 3123 y Fn(!)d Fw(W)2400 3087 y Fl(+)2460 3123 y Fw(W)2561 |
| | 44207 | 3087 y Fk(\000)2652 3123 y Fn(!)g Fw(4)j(fermions,)h(the)g(angular)709 |
| | 44208 | 3232 y(distribution)d(in)h(the)i(W)g(deca)m(ys)h(is)e(supp)s(osed)h(to) |
| | 44209 | f(b)s(e)g(a)g(mixture,)g(with)g(fraction)709 3340 y Fq(1-PARU\(130\))25 |
| | 44210 | b Fw(corresp)s(onding)e(to)f(the)h(same)f(angular)g(distribution)e(b)s |
| | 44211 | (et)m(w)m(een)25 b(the)709 3448 y(four)38 b(\014nal)h(fermions)f(as)h |
| | 44212 | (in)f(Z)1848 3412 y Fl(0)1926 3448 y Fn(!)g Fw(W)2165 |
| | 44213 | 3412 y Fl(+)2225 3448 y Fw(W)2326 3412 y Fk(\000)2425 |
| | 44214 | 3448 y Fw(\(mixture)g(of)h(transv)m(erse)i(and)e(lon-)709 |
| | 44215 | 3557 y(gitudinal)31 b(W)q('s\),)36 b(and)e(fraction)f |
| | 44216 | Fq(PARU\(130\))j Fw(corresp)s(onding)e(to)g(H)3259 3521 |
| | 44217 | y Fl(0)3328 3557 y Fn(!)c Fw(W)3559 3521 y Fl(+)3619 |
| | 44218 | 3557 y Fw(W)3720 3521 y Fk(\000)709 3665 y Fw(the)j(same)f(w)m(a)m(y)i |
| | 44219 | (\(longitudinal)29 b(W)q('s\).)0 3774 y Fq(PARU\(131\))54 |
| | 44220 | b(-)d(PARU\(136\))j(:)47 b Fw(couplings)27 b(of)f(a)h(new)h(W)2127 |
| | 44221 | 3737 y Fk(0\006)2206 3774 y Fw(;)h(for)d(fermions)g(default)g(v)-5 |
| | 44222 | b(alues)27 b(are)g(giv)m(en)472 3882 y(b)m(y)46 b(the)e(Standard)h(Mo)s |
| | 44223 | (del)f(W)1645 3846 y Fk(\006)1748 3882 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues)45 |
| | 44224 | b(\(i.e.)78 b Fj(V)51 b Fn(\000)31 b Fj(A)p Fw(\).)79 |
| | 44225 | b(Note)44 b(that)g(e.g.)79 b(the)45 b(W)3701 3846 y Fk(0\006)472 |
| | 44226 | 3990 y Fw(width)22 b(con)m(tains)h(squared)g(couplings,)g(and)g(th)m |
| | 44227 | (us)g(dep)s(ends)h(quadratically)c(on)i(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)472 |
| | 44228 | 4099 y(b)s(elo)m(w.)236 4207 y Fq(PARU\(131\),)54 b(PARU\(132\))g(:)47 |
| | 44229 | b Fw(\(D=1.,-1.\))127 b(v)m(ector)62 b(and)g(axial)d(couplings)h(of)g |
| | 44230 | (a)h(quark{)709 4315 y(an)m(tiquark)23 b(pair)g(to)g(W)1544 |
| | 44231 | 4279 y Fk(0\006)1623 4315 y Fw(;)j(is)e(further)f(m)m(ultiplied)e(b)m |
| | 44232 | (y)j(the)g(ordinary)f(CKM)h(factors.)236 4424 y Fq(PARU\(133\),)54 |
| | 44233 | b(PARU\(134\))g(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.,-1.\))126 b(v)m(ector)61 |
| | 44234 | b(and)g(axial)d(couplings)i(of)f(a)h(lepton-)709 4532 |
| | 44235 | y(neutrino)32 b(pair)f(to)i(W)1520 4496 y Fk(0\006)1598 |
| | 44236 | 4532 y Fw(.)236 4640 y Fq(PARU\(135\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.\))59 |
| | 44237 | b(the)39 b(coupling)e(W)1880 4604 y Fk(0\006)1995 4640 |
| | 44238 | y Fn(!)g Fw(Z)2192 4604 y Fl(0)2231 4640 y Fw(W)2332 |
| | 44239 | 4604 y Fk(\006)2430 4640 y Fw(is)g(tak)m(en)i(to)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 44240 | Fq(PARU\(135\))p Fn(\002)p Fw(\(the)709 4749 y(Standard)48 |
| | 44241 | b(Mo)s(del)f(W)1561 4712 y Fk(\006)1674 4749 y Fn(!)53 |
| | 44242 | b Fw(Z)1887 4712 y Fl(0)1926 4749 y Fw(W)2027 4712 y |
| | 44243 | Fk(\006)2134 4749 y Fw(coupling\))p Fn(\002)p Fw(\()p |
| | 44244 | Fj(m)2731 4764 y Fl(W)2808 4749 y Fj(=m)2942 4764 y Fh(W)3019 |
| | 44245 | 4745 y Fd(0)3045 4749 y Fw(\))3083 4712 y Fl(2)3123 4749 |
| | 44246 | y Fw(.)89 b(This)48 b(giv)m(es)g(a)709 4857 y(W)810 4821 |
| | 44247 | y Fk(0\006)935 4857 y Fn(!)f Fw(Z)1142 4821 y Fl(0)1181 |
| | 44248 | 4857 y Fw(W)1282 4821 y Fk(\006)1385 4857 y Fw(partial)42 |
| | 44249 | b(width)h(that)h(increases)h(prop)s(ortionately)d(to)h(the)i(W)3756 |
| | 44250 | 4821 y Fk(0)709 4965 y Fw(mass.)236 5074 y Fq(PARU\(136\))54 |
| | 44251 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.\))i(in)34 b(the)i(deca)m(y)g(c)m(hain)e(W)2119 |
| | 44252 | 5037 y Fk(0\006)2230 5074 y Fn(!)d Fw(Z)2421 5037 y Fl(0)2460 |
| | 44253 | 5074 y Fw(W)2561 5037 y Fk(\006)2652 5074 y Fn(!)g Fw(4)j(fermions,)h |
| | 44254 | (the)g(angular)709 5182 y(distribution)23 b(in)h(the)h(W)q |
| | 44255 | Fj(=)p Fw(Z)g(deca)m(ys)i(is)d(supp)s(osed)j(to)d(b)s(e)i(a)e(mixture,) |
| | 44256 | i(with)f(fraction)709 5290 y Fq(1-PARU\(130\))48 b Fw(corresp)s(onding) |
| | 44257 | d(to)g(the)g(same)g(angular)f(distribution)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)709 |
| | 44258 | 5399 y(the)e(four)g(\014nal)f(fermions)g(as)i(in)e(W)2076 |
| | 44259 | 5363 y Fk(\006)2178 5399 y Fn(!)h Fw(Z)2379 5363 y Fl(0)2419 |
| | 44260 | 5399 y Fw(W)2520 5363 y Fk(\006)2620 5399 y Fw(\(mixture)f(of)h(transv) |
| | 44261 | m(erse)i(and)709 5507 y(longitudinal)e(W)q Fj(=)p Fw(Z's\),)48 |
| | 44262 | b(and)c(fraction)f Fq(PARU\(130\))k Fw(corresp)s(onding)e(to)f(H)3573 |
| | 44263 | 5471 y Fk(\006)3680 5507 y Fn(!)709 5615 y Fw(Z)769 5579 |
| | 44264 | y Fl(0)808 5615 y Fw(W)909 5579 y Fk(\006)1001 5615 y |
| | 44265 | Fw(the)33 b(same)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(\(longitudinal)29 b(W)q |
| | 44266 | Fj(=)p Fw(Z's\).)1817 5953 y(276)p eop |
| | 44267 | %%Page: 277 283 |
| | 44268 | 277 282 bop 0 -18 a Fq(PARU\(141\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=5.\))54 |
| | 44269 | b(tan)16 b Fj(\014)42 b Fw(parameter)36 b(of)f(a)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(Higgs)f |
| | 44270 | (doublet)g(scenario,)h(i.e.)54 b(the)36 b(ratio)f(of)472 |
| | 44271 | 90 y(v)-5 b(acuum)38 b(exp)s(ectation)g(v)-5 b(alues.)60 |
| | 44272 | b(This)38 b(a\013ects)h(mass)f(relations)f(and)h(couplings)f(in)g(the) |
| | 44273 | 472 198 y(Higgs)32 b(sector.)0 307 y Fq(PARU\(142\))54 |
| | 44274 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.\))56 b(the)38 b(Z)1203 270 y Fl(0)1278 |
| | 44275 | 307 y Fn(!)d Fw(H)1486 270 y Fl(+)1545 307 y Fw(H)1618 |
| | 44276 | 270 y Fk(\000)1714 307 y Fw(coupling)h(is)h(tak)m(en)h(to)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 44277 | Fq(PARU\(142\))p Fn(\002)p Fw(\(the)j(MSSM)472 415 y(Z)532 |
| | 44278 | 379 y Fl(0)599 415 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(H)799 379 y Fl(+)859 |
| | 44279 | 415 y Fw(H)932 379 y Fk(\000)1023 415 y Fw(coupling\).)0 |
| | 44280 | 523 y Fq(PARU\(143\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.\))52 b(the)37 |
| | 44281 | b(Z)1198 487 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1289 523 y Fn(!)c Fw(H)1495 |
| | 44282 | 487 y Fl(+)1554 523 y Fw(H)1627 487 y Fk(\000)1722 523 |
| | 44283 | y Fw(coupling)i(is)g(tak)m(en)i(to)e(b)s(e)h Fq(PARU\(143\))p |
| | 44284 | Fn(\002)p Fw(\(the)j(MSSM)472 632 y(Z)532 595 y Fl(0)599 |
| | 44285 | 632 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(H)799 595 y Fl(+)859 632 y Fw(H)932 |
| | 44286 | 595 y Fk(\000)1023 632 y Fw(coupling\).)0 740 y Fq(PARU\(145\))54 |
| | 44287 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.\))42 b(quadratically)28 b(m)m(ultiplicativ)m(e)e |
| | 44288 | (factor)k(in)f(the)h(Z)2769 704 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2855 740 |
| | 44289 | y Fn(!)d Fw(Z)3042 704 y Fl(0)3082 740 y Fw(H)3155 704 |
| | 44290 | y Fl(0)3224 740 y Fw(partial)h(width)472 848 y(in)k(left{righ)m |
| | 44291 | (t-symmetric)e(mo)s(dels,)h(exp)s(ected)k(to)d(b)s(e)h(unit)m(y)f |
| | 44292 | (\(see)i([Co)s(c91]\).)0 957 y Fq(PARU\(146\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 44293 | b Fw(\(D=1.\))h(sin\(2)p Fj(\013)q Fw(\))34 b(parameter,)g(en)m(ters)i |
| | 44294 | (quadratically)d(as)h(m)m(ultiplicativ)m(e)d(factor)j(in)472 |
| | 44295 | 1065 y(the)e(W)740 1029 y Fk(0\006)847 1065 y Fn(!)27 |
| | 44296 | b Fw(W)1075 1029 y Fk(\006)1135 1065 y Fw(H)1208 1029 |
| | 44297 | y Fl(0)1279 1065 y Fw(partial)i(width)i(in)f(left{righ)m(t-symmetric)f |
| | 44298 | (mo)s(dels)h(\(see)i([Co)s(c91]\).)0 1173 y Fq(PARU\(151\))54 |
| | 44299 | b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.\))74 b(m)m(ultiplicativ)m(e)40 b(factor)i(in)h(the)g |
| | 44300 | (L)2267 1188 y Fl(Q)2372 1173 y Fn(!)i Fw(q)p Fj(`)e |
| | 44301 | Fw(squared)i(Y)-8 b(uk)j(a)m(w)m(a)44 b(coupling,)472 |
| | 44302 | 1282 y(and)28 b(thereb)m(y)i(in)d(the)i(L)1339 1297 y |
| | 44303 | Fl(Q)1426 1282 y Fw(partial)c(width)j(and)g(the)g(q)p |
| | 44304 | Fj(`)h Fn(!)e Fw(L)2664 1297 y Fl(Q)2751 1282 y Fw(and)h(other)g(cross) |
| | 44305 | h(sections.)472 1390 y(Sp)s(eci\014cally)-8 b(,)37 b |
| | 44306 | Fj(\025)1063 1354 y Fl(2)1103 1390 y Fj(=)p Fw(\(4)p |
| | 44307 | Fj(\031)t Fw(\))e(=)p Fq(PARU\(151\))p Fn(\002)p Fj(\013)2045 |
| | 44308 | 1405 y Fl(em)2142 1390 y Fw(,)j(i.e.)56 b(it)37 b(corresp)s(onds)h(to)f |
| | 44309 | (the)g Fj(k)j Fw(factor)d(of)472 1498 y([Hew88)q(].)0 |
| | 44310 | 1607 y Fq(PARU\(153\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.\))52 b(anomalous)34 |
| | 44311 | b(magnetic)h(momen)m(t)g(of)g(the)h(W)2639 1571 y Fk(\006)2699 |
| | 44312 | 1607 y Fw(;)h Fj(\021)g Fw(=)c Fj(\024)25 b Fn(\000)f |
| | 44313 | Fw(1,)37 b(where)g Fj(\021)g Fw(=)c(0)472 1715 y(\()p |
| | 44314 | Fj(\024)28 b Fw(=)g(1\))k(is)g(the)h(Standard)g(Mo)s(del)f(v)-5 |
| | 44315 | b(alue.)0 1823 y Fq(PARU\(155\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1000.)42 |
| | 44316 | b(GeV\))33 b(comp)s(ositeness)f(scale)h(\003.)0 1932 |
| | 44317 | y Fq(PARU\(156\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(\(D=1.\))e(sign)32 b(of)h(in)m |
| | 44318 | (terference)h(term)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(standard)f(cross)g(section)f |
| | 44319 | (and)h(com-)472 2040 y(p)s(osite)f(term)f(\()p Fj(\021)k |
| | 44320 | Fw(parameter\);)c(should)g(b)s(e)h Fn(\006)p Fw(1.)0 |
| | 44321 | 2148 y Fq(PARU\(157\))54 b(-)d(PARU\(159\))j(:)47 b Fw(\(D=3*1.\))63 |
| | 44322 | b(strength)40 b(of)f Fo(SU\(2\))p Fw(,)i Fo(U\(1\))e |
| | 44323 | Fw(and)g Fo(SU\(3\))g Fw(couplings,)472 2257 y(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 44324 | b(,)34 b(in)e(an)g(excited)i(fermion)d(scenario;)h(cf.)44 |
| | 44325 | b Fj(f)11 b Fw(,)32 b Fj(f)2683 2221 y Fk(0)2739 2257 |
| | 44326 | y Fw(and)g Fj(f)2976 2272 y Fh(s)3046 2257 y Fw(of)g([Bau90].)0 |
| | 44327 | 2365 y Fq(PARU\(161\))54 b(-)d(PARU\(168\))j(:)47 b Fw(\(D=5*1.,3*0.\)) |
| | 44328 | 90 b(m)m(ultiplicativ)m(e)45 b(factors)k(that)f(can)h(b)s(e)g(used)h |
| | 44329 | (to)472 2473 y(mo)s(dify)43 b(the)i(default)f(couplings)f(of)h(the)h(H) |
| | 44330 | 2148 2437 y Fl(0)2232 2473 y Fw(particle)e(in)g Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 44331 | Fw(.)79 b(Note)45 b(that)f(the)472 2582 y(factors)24 |
| | 44332 | b(en)m(ter)i(quadratically)c(in)h(the)i(partial)c(widths.)41 |
| | 44333 | b(The)25 b(default)f(v)-5 b(alues)24 b(corresp)s(ond)472 |
| | 44334 | 2690 y(to)g(the)f(couplings)g(giv)m(en)h(in)e(the)i(minimal)c |
| | 44335 | (one-Higgs-doublet)h(Standard)j(Mo)s(del.)236 2798 y |
| | 44336 | Fq(PARU\(161\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(H)920 2762 y Fl(0)992 2798 |
| | 44337 | y Fw(coupling)32 b(to)g(do)m(wn)h(t)m(yp)s(e)h(quarks.)236 |
| | 44338 | 2907 y Fq(PARU\(162\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(H)920 2871 y Fl(0)992 |
| | 44339 | 2907 y Fw(coupling)32 b(to)g(up)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(quarks.)236 |
| | 44340 | 3015 y Fq(PARU\(163\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(H)920 2979 y Fl(0)992 |
| | 44341 | 3015 y Fw(coupling)32 b(to)g(leptons.)236 3123 y Fq(PARU\(164\))54 |
| | 44342 | b(:)47 b Fw(H)920 3087 y Fl(0)992 3123 y Fw(coupling)32 |
| | 44343 | b(to)g(Z)1562 3087 y Fl(0)1601 3123 y Fw(.)236 3232 y |
| | 44344 | Fq(PARU\(165\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(H)920 3196 y Fl(0)992 3232 |
| | 44345 | y Fw(coupling)32 b(to)g(W)1603 3196 y Fk(\006)1663 3232 |
| | 44346 | y Fw(.)236 3340 y Fq(PARU\(168\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(H)920 |
| | 44347 | 3304 y Fl(0)1015 3340 y Fw(coupling)54 b(to)h(H)1643 |
| | 44348 | 3304 y Fk(\006)1758 3340 y Fw(in)f Fj(\015)5 b(\015)72 |
| | 44349 | b Fn(!)66 b Fw(H)2312 3304 y Fl(0)2407 3340 y Fw(lo)s(ops,)60 |
| | 44350 | b(in)55 b(MSSM)h(sin\()p Fj(\014)43 b Fn(\000)38 b Fj(\013)q |
| | 44351 | Fw(\))g(+)709 3448 y(cos\(2)p Fj(\014)6 b Fw(\))17 b(sin)o(\()p |
| | 44352 | Fj(\014)28 b Fw(+)22 b Fj(\013)q Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(\(2)17 |
| | 44353 | b(cos)1763 3412 y Fl(2)1802 3448 y Fj(\022)1847 3463 |
| | 44354 | y Fh(W)1928 3448 y Fw(\).)0 3557 y Fq(PARU\(171\))54 |
| | 44355 | b(-)d(PARU\(178\))j(:)47 b Fw(\(D=7*1.,0.\))42 b(m)m(ultiplicativ)m(e) |
| | 44356 | 28 b(factors)j(that)g(can)g(b)s(e)h(used)g(to)f(mo)s(d-)472 |
| | 44357 | 3665 y(ify)i(the)h(default)f(couplings)g(of)g(the)h(H)1896 |
| | 44358 | 3629 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1988 3665 y Fw(particle)f(in)g Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 44359 | Fw(.)46 b(Note)34 b(that)f(the)h(factors)472 3774 y(en)m(ter)48 |
| | 44360 | b(quadratically)d(in)h(partial)f(widths.)87 b(The)47 |
| | 44361 | b(default)g(v)-5 b(alues)46 b(for)h Fq(PARU\(171\))53 |
| | 44362 | b(-)472 3882 y(PARU\(175\))33 b Fw(corresp)s(ond)e(to)f(the)g |
| | 44363 | (couplings)f(giv)m(en)i(to)e(H)2608 3846 y Fl(0)2678 |
| | 44364 | 3882 y Fw(in)g(the)i(minimal)26 b(one-Higgs-)472 3990 |
| | 44365 | y(doublet)h(Standard)f(Mo)s(del,)i(and)e(are)h(therefore)g(not)f |
| | 44366 | (realistic)f(in)h(a)g(t)m(w)m(o-Higgs-doublet)472 4099 |
| | 44367 | y(scenario.)42 b(The)27 b(default)f(v)-5 b(alues)26 b(should)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 44368 | (c)m(hanged)g(appropriately)e(b)m(y)i(y)m(ou.)42 b(Also)26 |
| | 44369 | b(the)472 4207 y(last)g(t)m(w)m(o)i(default)d(v)-5 b(alues)27 |
| | 44370 | b(should)f(b)s(e)h(c)m(hanged;)j(for)c(these)i(the)f(expressions)h(of)e |
| | 44371 | (the)h(min-)472 4315 y(imal)37 b(sup)s(ersymmetric)h(Standard)h(Mo)s |
| | 44372 | (del)g(\(MSSM\))h(are)e(giv)m(en)h(to)g(sho)m(w)h(parameter)472 |
| | 44373 | 4424 y(normalization.)236 4532 y Fq(PARU\(171\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 44374 | b Fw(H)920 4496 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1012 4532 y Fw(coupling)31 |
| | 44375 | b(to)h(do)m(wn)h(t)m(yp)s(e)h(quarks.)236 4640 y Fq(PARU\(172\))54 |
| | 44376 | b(:)47 b Fw(H)920 4604 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1012 4640 y Fw(coupling)31 |
| | 44377 | b(to)h(up)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(quarks.)236 4749 y Fq(PARU\(173\))54 |
| | 44378 | b(:)47 b Fw(H)920 4712 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1012 4749 y Fw(coupling)31 |
| | 44379 | b(to)h(leptons.)236 4857 y Fq(PARU\(174\))54 b(:)47 b |
| | 44380 | Fw(H)920 4821 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1012 4857 y Fw(coupling)31 |
| | 44381 | b(to)h(Z)1581 4821 y Fl(0)1620 4857 y Fw(.)236 4965 y |
| | 44382 | Fq(PARU\(175\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(H)920 4929 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1012 |
| | 44383 | 4965 y Fw(coupling)31 b(to)h Fj(W)1627 4929 y Fk(\006)1686 |
| | 44384 | 4965 y Fw(.)236 5074 y Fq(PARU\(176\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(H)920 |
| | 44385 | 5037 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1007 5074 y Fw(coupling)27 b(to)h(H)1581 |
| | 44386 | 5037 y Fl(0)1620 5074 y Fw(H)1693 5037 y Fl(0)1733 5074 |
| | 44387 | y Fw(,)h(in)e(MSSM)i(cos)q(\(2)p Fj(\013)q Fw(\))17 b(cos\()p |
| | 44388 | Fj(\014)h Fw(+)13 b Fj(\013)q Fw(\))g Fn(\000)g Fw(2)k(sin)o(\(2)p |
| | 44389 | Fj(\013)q Fw(\))g(sin)o(\()p Fj(\014)i Fw(+)709 5182 |
| | 44390 | y Fj(\013)q Fw(\).)236 5290 y Fq(PARU\(177\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 44391 | b Fw(H)920 5254 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1012 5290 y Fw(coupling)31 |
| | 44392 | b(to)h(A)1594 5254 y Fl(0)1634 5290 y Fw(A)1707 5254 |
| | 44393 | y Fl(0)1746 5290 y Fw(,)h(in)f(MSSM)h(cos)q(\(2)p Fj(\014)6 |
| | 44394 | b Fw(\))17 b(cos)o(\()p Fj(\014)28 b Fw(+)22 b Fj(\013)q |
| | 44395 | Fw(\).)236 5399 y Fq(PARU\(178\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(H)920 |
| | 44396 | 5363 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1031 5399 y Fw(coupling)k(to)g(H)1652 |
| | 44397 | 5363 y Fk(\006)1763 5399 y Fw(in)g Fj(\015)5 b(\015)66 |
| | 44398 | b Fn(!)60 b Fw(H)2302 5363 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2413 5399 y |
| | 44399 | Fw(lo)s(ops,)c(in)51 b(MSSM)i(cos\()p Fj(\014)41 b Fn(\000)36 |
| | 44400 | b Fj(\013)q Fw(\))f Fn(\000)709 5507 y Fw(cos\(2)p Fj(\014)6 |
| | 44401 | b Fw(\))17 b(cos\()p Fj(\014)27 b Fw(+)22 b Fj(\013)q |
| | 44402 | Fw(\))p Fj(=)p Fw(\(2)17 b(cos)1774 5471 y Fl(2)1813 |
| | 44403 | 5507 y Fj(\022)1858 5522 y Fh(W)1939 5507 y Fw(\).)0 |
| | 44404 | 5615 y Fq(PARU\(181\))54 b(-)d(PARU\(190\))j(:)47 b Fw |
| | 44405 | (\(D=3*1.,2*0.,2*1.,3*0.\))78 b(m)m(ultiplicativ)m(e)41 |
| | 44406 | b(factors)k(that)f(can)h(b)s(e)1817 5953 y(277)p eop |
| | 44407 | %%Page: 278 284 |
| | 44408 | 278 283 bop 472 -18 a Fw(used)48 b(to)e(mo)s(dify)f(the)i(default)f |
| | 44409 | (couplings)g(of)g(the)h(A)2531 -55 y Fl(0)2617 -18 y |
| | 44410 | Fw(particle)e(in)h(PYTHIA.)i(Note)472 90 y(that)37 b(the)g(factors)g |
| | 44411 | (en)m(ter)h(quadratically)d(in)i(partial)d(widths.)57 |
| | 44412 | b(The)38 b(default)e(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(for)472 198 y |
| | 44413 | Fq(PARU\(181\))54 b(-)e(PARU\(183\))34 b Fw(corresp)s(ond)e(to)f(the)h |
| | 44414 | (couplings)f(giv)m(en)g(to)h(H)3234 162 y Fl(0)3305 198 |
| | 44415 | y Fw(in)e(the)i(min-)472 307 y(imal)38 b(one-Higgs-doublet)h(Standard)i |
| | 44416 | (Mo)s(del,)h(and)e(are)h(therefore)g(not)f(realistic)f(in)h(a)472 |
| | 44417 | 415 y(t)m(w)m(o-Higgs-doublet)d(scenario.)61 b(The)39 |
| | 44418 | b(default)e(v)-5 b(alues)38 b(should)g(b)s(e)h(c)m(hanged)g(appropri-) |
| | 44419 | 472 523 y(ately)29 b(b)m(y)h(y)m(ou.)43 b Fq(PARU\(184\))31 |
| | 44420 | b Fw(and)e Fq(PARU\(185\))i Fw(should)e(b)s(e)g(v)-5 |
| | 44421 | b(anishing)28 b(at)g(the)h(tree)h(lev)m(el,)472 632 y(and)37 |
| | 44422 | b(are)f(so)h(set;)i(normalization)33 b(of)j(these)h(couplings)f(agrees) |
| | 44423 | h(with)f(what)h(is)e(used)j(for)472 740 y(H)c(and)f(H)842 |
| | 44424 | 704 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)900 740 y Fw(.)45 b(Also)33 b(the)g(other)h(default)e |
| | 44425 | (v)-5 b(alues)33 b(should)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged;)i(for)d(these)j(the)e |
| | 44426 | (ex-)472 848 y(pressions)h(of)f(the)h(Minimal)c(Sup)s(ersymmetric)i |
| | 44427 | (Standard)i(Mo)s(del)e(\(MSSM\))i(are)f(giv)m(en)472 |
| | 44428 | 957 y(to)g(sho)m(w)g(parameter)f(normalization.)236 1065 |
| | 44429 | y Fq(PARU\(181\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(A)920 1029 y Fl(0)992 |
| | 44430 | 1065 y Fw(coupling)32 b(to)g(do)m(wn)h(t)m(yp)s(e)h(quarks.)236 |
| | 44431 | 1173 y Fq(PARU\(182\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(A)920 1137 y Fl(0)992 |
| | 44432 | 1173 y Fw(coupling)32 b(to)g(up)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(quarks.)236 |
| | 44433 | 1282 y Fq(PARU\(183\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(A)920 1245 y Fl(0)992 |
| | 44434 | 1282 y Fw(coupling)32 b(to)g(leptons.)236 1390 y Fq(PARU\(184\))54 |
| | 44435 | b(:)47 b Fw(A)920 1354 y Fl(0)992 1390 y Fw(coupling)32 |
| | 44436 | b(to)g(Z)1562 1354 y Fl(0)1601 1390 y Fw(.)236 1498 y |
| | 44437 | Fq(PARU\(185\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(A)920 1462 y Fl(0)992 1498 |
| | 44438 | y Fw(coupling)32 b(to)g(W)1603 1462 y Fk(\006)1663 1498 |
| | 44439 | y Fw(.)236 1607 y Fq(PARU\(186\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(A)920 |
| | 44440 | 1571 y Fl(0)992 1607 y Fw(coupling)32 b(to)g(Z)1562 1571 |
| | 44441 | y Fl(0)1601 1607 y Fw(H)1674 1571 y Fl(0)1746 1607 y |
| | 44442 | Fw(\(or)g(Z)1963 1571 y Fk(\003)2035 1607 y Fw(to)g(A)2227 |
| | 44443 | 1571 y Fl(0)2267 1607 y Fw(H)2340 1571 y Fl(0)2379 1607 |
| | 44444 | y Fw(\),)h(in)e(MSSM)j(cos)q(\()p Fj(\014)27 b Fn(\000)c |
| | 44445 | Fj(\013)q Fw(\).)236 1715 y Fq(PARU\(187\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 44446 | b Fw(A)920 1679 y Fl(0)992 1715 y Fw(coupling)32 b(to)g(Z)1562 |
| | 44447 | 1679 y Fl(0)1601 1715 y Fw(H)1674 1679 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)1765 |
| | 44448 | 1715 y Fw(\(or)g(Z)1982 1679 y Fk(\003)2054 1715 y Fw(to)g(A)2246 |
| | 44449 | 1679 y Fl(0)2286 1715 y Fw(H)2359 1679 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2417 |
| | 44450 | 1715 y Fw(\),)h(in)f(MSSM)h(sin\()p Fj(\014)28 b Fn(\000)22 |
| | 44451 | b Fj(\013)q Fw(\).)236 1823 y Fq(PARU\(188\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 44452 | b Fw(As)34 b Fq(PARU\(186\))p Fw(,)h(but)d(coupling)g(to)g(Z)2261 |
| | 44453 | 1787 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2351 1823 y Fw(rather)h(than)g(Z)2932 |
| | 44454 | 1787 y Fl(0)2971 1823 y Fw(.)236 1932 y Fq(PARU\(189\))54 |
| | 44455 | b(:)47 b Fw(As)34 b Fq(PARU\(187\))p Fw(,)h(but)d(coupling)g(to)g(Z) |
| | 44456 | 2261 1896 y Fk(0)p Fl(0)2351 1932 y Fw(rather)h(than)g(Z)2932 |
| | 44457 | 1896 y Fl(0)2971 1932 y Fw(.)236 2040 y Fq(PARU\(190\))54 |
| | 44458 | b(:)47 b Fw(A)920 2004 y Fl(0)992 2040 y Fw(coupling)32 |
| | 44459 | b(to)g(H)1575 2004 y Fk(\006)1667 2040 y Fw(in)f Fj(\015)5 |
| | 44460 | b(\015)33 b Fn(!)27 b Fw(A)2120 2004 y Fl(0)2192 2040 |
| | 44461 | y Fw(lo)s(ops,)32 b(0)g(in)g(MSSM.)0 2148 y Fq(PARU\(191\))54 |
| | 44462 | b(-)d(PARU\(195\))j(:)47 b Fw(\(D=4*0.,1.\))42 b(m)m(ultiplicativ)m(e) |
| | 44463 | 28 b(factors)j(that)g(can)g(b)s(e)h(used)g(to)f(mo)s(d-)472 |
| | 44464 | 2257 y(ify)j(the)h(couplings)e(of)h(the)h(H)1571 2221 |
| | 44465 | y Fk(\006)1664 2257 y Fw(particle)e(in)g Fm(Pythia)p |
| | 44466 | Fw(.)49 b(Curren)m(tly)35 b(only)g Fq(PARU\(195\))i Fw(is)472 |
| | 44467 | 2365 y(in)32 b(use.)45 b(See)33 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(for)e(related)g |
| | 44468 | (commen)m(ts.)236 2473 y Fq(PARU\(195\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(H)920 |
| | 44469 | 2437 y Fk(\006)1012 2473 y Fw(coupling)31 b(to)i(W)1623 |
| | 44470 | 2437 y Fk(\006)1682 2473 y Fw(H)1755 2437 y Fl(0)1827 |
| | 44471 | 2473 y Fw(\(or)f(W)2085 2437 y Fk(\003\006)2213 2473 |
| | 44472 | y Fw(to)g(H)2405 2437 y Fk(\006)2464 2473 y Fw(H)2537 |
| | 44473 | 2437 y Fl(0)2577 2473 y Fw(\),)g(in)g(MSSM)i(cos\()p |
| | 44474 | Fj(\014)28 b Fn(\000)23 b Fj(\013)q Fw(\).)0 2747 y Fp(14.6)136 |
| | 44475 | b(F)-11 b(urther)44 b(P)l(arameters)j(and)d(P)l(article)j(Data)0 |
| | 44476 | 2920 y Fw(The)29 b(follo)m(wing)24 b(common)j(blo)s(c)m(ks)h(are)f(ma)m |
| | 44477 | (yb)s(e)h(of)f(a)g(more)g(p)s(eripheral)f(in)m(terest,)k(with)d(the)h |
| | 44478 | (exception)0 3028 y(of)g(the)i Fq(MDCY)g Fw(arra)m(y)-8 |
| | 44479 | b(,)29 b(whic)m(h)h(allo)m(ws)d(a)i(selectiv)m(e)g(inhibiting)d(of)j |
| | 44480 | (particle)e(deca)m(ys,)32 b(and)d(masses)g(of)g(not)0 |
| | 44481 | 3137 y(y)m(et)34 b(disco)m(v)m(ered)g(particles,)e(suc)m(h)i(as)f |
| | 44482 | Fq(PMAS\(6,1\))p Fw(,)i(the)e(top)f(quark)h(mass.)p 0 |
| | 44483 | 3281 3132 9 v 0 3506 9 225 v 79 3421 a Fq(COMMON/LUDAT2/KCHG\(500,3)q |
| | 44484 | (\),PM)q(AS\(5)q(00,4)q(\),P)q(ARF\()q(2000)q(\),VC)q(KM\()q(4,4\))p |
| | 44485 | 3123 3506 V 0 3514 3132 9 v 0 3646 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 |
| | 44486 | b Fw(to)35 b(giv)m(e)h(access)h(to)e(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(\015a)m |
| | 44487 | (v)m(our)i(treatmen)m(t)e(constan)m(ts)i(or)f(parameters)f(and)472 |
| | 44488 | 3754 y(particle/parton)j(data.)62 b(P)m(article)38 b(data)h(is)f |
| | 44489 | (stored)i(b)m(y)f(compressed)i(co)s(de)e(K)m(C)g(rather)472 |
| | 44490 | 3862 y(than)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(full)e(KF)h(co)s(de.)64 b(Y)-8 |
| | 44491 | b(ou)39 b(are)h(reminded)f(that)g(the)h(w)m(a)m(y)g(to)g(kno)m(w)g(the) |
| | 44492 | g(K)m(C)472 3971 y(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)h(to)f(use)h(the)g |
| | 44493 | Fq(LUCOMP)h Fw(function,)f(i.e.)43 b Fq(KC)51 b(=)h(LUCOMP\(KF\))p |
| | 44494 | Fw(.)0 4133 y Fq(KCHG\(KC,1\))i(:)47 b Fw(three)34 b(times)d |
| | 44495 | (particle/parton)g(c)m(harge)i(for)f(compressed)i(co)s(de)f(K)m(C.)0 |
| | 44496 | 4242 y Fq(KCHG\(KC,2\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(colour)32 b(information)d(for)k |
| | 44497 | (compressed)g(co)s(de)g(K)m(C.)236 4350 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 44498 | b Fw(colour-singlet)30 b(particle.)236 4458 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 44499 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(quark)33 b(or)f(an)m(tidiquark.)236 |
| | 44500 | 4567 y Fq(=)52 b(-1)g(:)165 b Fw(an)m(tiquark)32 b(or)h(diquark.)236 |
| | 44501 | 4675 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(gluon.)0 4783 y Fq(KCHG\(KC,3\))54 |
| | 44502 | b(:)47 b Fw(particle/an)m(tiparticle)30 b(distinction)g(for)i |
| | 44503 | (compressed)i(co)s(de)f(K)m(C.)236 4892 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 44504 | b Fw(the)33 b(particle)e(is)h(its)g(o)m(wn)h(an)m(tiparticle.)236 |
| | 44505 | 5000 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(a)32 b(noniden)m(tical)f(an)m |
| | 44506 | (tiparticle)g(exists.)0 5163 y Fq(PMAS\(KC,1\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 44507 | b Fw(particle/parton)31 b(mass)i Fj(m)g Fw(\(in)e(GeV\))i(for)f |
| | 44508 | (compressed)i(co)s(de)f(K)m(C.)0 5271 y Fq(PMAS\(KC,2\))54 |
| | 44509 | b(:)47 b Fw(the)34 b(total)d(width)i(\000)f(\(in)g(GeV\))h(of)g(an)f |
| | 44510 | (assumed)i(symmetric)e(Breit{Wigner)g(mass)472 5379 y(shap)s(e)i(for)e |
| | 44511 | (compressed)i(particle)d(co)s(de)i(K)m(C.)0 5488 y Fq(PMAS\(KC,3\))54 |
| | 44512 | b(:)47 b Fw(the)c(maxim)m(um)c(deviation)i(\(in)g(GeV\))g(from)g(the)h |
| | 44513 | Fq(PMAS\(KC,1\))i Fw(v)-5 b(alue)42 b(at)f(whic)m(h)472 |
| | 44514 | 5596 y(the)f(Breit{Wigner)d(shap)s(e)j(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(is)e |
| | 44515 | (truncated.)63 b(\(Is)40 b(used)g(in)e(particle)g(deca)m(ys,)k(but)1817 |
| | 44516 | 5953 y(278)p eop |
| | 44517 | %%Page: 279 285 |
| | 44518 | 279 284 bop 472 -18 a Fw(not)33 b(in)f(the)h Fm(Pythia)f |
| | 44519 | Fw(resonance)i(treatmen)m(t;)f(cf.)44 b(the)33 b Fq(CKIN)g |
| | 44520 | Fw(v)-5 b(ariables.\))0 90 y Fq(PMAS\(KC,4\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 44521 | b Fw(the)39 b(a)m(v)m(erage)g(lifetime)c Fj(\034)49 b |
| | 44522 | Fw(for)38 b(compressed)h(particle)e(co)s(de)h(K)m(C,)h(with)e |
| | 44523 | Fj(c\034)50 b Fw(in)37 b(mm,)472 198 y(i.e.)43 b Fj(\034)h |
| | 44524 | Fw(in)32 b(units)h(of)f(ab)s(out)g(3)p Fj(:)p Fw(33)21 |
| | 44525 | b Fn(\002)i Fw(10)1868 162 y Fk(\000)p Fl(12)2030 198 |
| | 44526 | y Fw(s.)0 361 y Fq(PARF\(1\))53 b(-)f(PARF\(60\))h(:)48 |
| | 44527 | b Fw(giv)m(e)24 b(a)g(parametrization)e(of)h(the)i(d)p |
| | 44528 | 2356 282 55 4 v(d)q({u)p 2514 308 V(u{s)p 2655 308 39 |
| | 44529 | 4 v(s)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(mixing)d(in)i(pro)s(duc-)472 |
| | 44530 | 469 y(tion)36 b(of)g(\015a)m(v)m(our-diagonal)e(mesons.)56 |
| | 44531 | b(Num)m(b)s(ers)37 b(are)g(stored)g(in)e(groups)i(of)f(10,)h(for)f(the) |
| | 44532 | 472 577 y(six)i(m)m(ultiplets)e(pseudoscalar,)k(v)m(ector,)h(axial)36 |
| | 44533 | b(v)m(ector)j(\()p Fj(S)k Fw(=)36 b(0\),)j(scalar,)g(axial)d(v)m(ector) |
| | 44534 | 472 686 y(\()p Fj(S)k Fw(=)33 b(1\))j(and)g(tensor,)h(in)e(this)h |
| | 44535 | (order;)i(see)f(section)f(12.1.2.)53 b(Within)34 b(eac)m(h)j(group,)g |
| | 44536 | (the)472 805 y(\014rst)30 b(t)m(w)m(o)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)g(determine)f |
| | 44537 | (the)h(fate)g(of)f(a)g(d)p 2281 726 55 4 v(d)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)h |
| | 44538 | (state,)g(the)f(second)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(that)472 913 y(of)d(a)g(u)p |
| | 44539 | 708 860 V(u)h(one,)g(the)g(next)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(that)f(of)g(an)g(s)p |
| | 44540 | 2027 860 39 4 v(s)h(one,)h(while)d(the)i(last)e(four)h(are)h(un)m |
| | 44541 | (used.)43 b(Call)472 1021 y(the)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)f(of)f(a)h(pair)e |
| | 44542 | Fj(p)1506 1036 y Fl(1)1584 1021 y Fw(and)i Fj(p)1829 |
| | 44543 | 1036 y Fl(2)1868 1021 y Fw(.)62 b(Then)40 b(the)f(probabilit)m(y)d(to)j |
| | 44544 | (pro)s(duce)g(the)g(state)472 1130 y(with)34 b(smallest)e(KF)h(co)s(de) |
| | 44545 | h(is)f(1)23 b Fn(\000)g Fj(p)1791 1145 y Fl(1)1831 1130 |
| | 44546 | y Fw(,)34 b(the)g(probabilit)m(y)d(for)i(the)i(middle)c(one)j(is)f |
| | 44547 | Fj(p)3528 1145 y Fl(1)3591 1130 y Fn(\000)23 b Fj(p)3740 |
| | 44548 | 1145 y Fl(2)472 1238 y Fw(and)28 b(the)g(probabilit)m(y)d(for)i(the)g |
| | 44549 | (one)h(with)f(largest)g(co)s(de)g(is)g Fj(p)2681 1253 |
| | 44550 | y Fl(2)2721 1238 y Fw(,)h(i.e.)41 b Fj(p)2991 1253 y |
| | 44551 | Fl(1)3058 1238 y Fw(is)27 b(the)g(probabilit)m(y)472 |
| | 44552 | 1346 y(to)33 b(pro)s(duce)g(either)f(of)g(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(`hea)m |
| | 44553 | (vier')f(ones.)0 1455 y Fq(PARF\(61\))53 b(-)f(PARF\(80\))h(:)48 |
| | 44554 | b Fw(giv)m(e)43 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)g Fo(SU\(6\))g Fw(w)m(eigh)m(ts)h |
| | 44555 | (for)e(the)h(pro)s(duction)f(of)h(a)f(spin)h(1/2)472 |
| | 44556 | 1563 y(or)38 b(spin)g(3/2)f(bary)m(on)h(from)f(a)g(giv)m(en)h |
| | 44557 | (diquark{quark)h(com)m(bination.)57 b(Should)38 b(not)f(b)s(e)472 |
| | 44558 | 1671 y(c)m(hanged.)0 1780 y Fq(PARF\(101\))54 b(-)d(PARF\(108\))j(:)47 |
| | 44559 | b Fw(\014rst)30 b(\014v)m(e)g(con)m(tain)f(d,)h(u,)f(s,)i(c)e(and)g(b)g |
| | 44560 | (constituen)m(t)h(masses,)g(as)g(to)e(b)s(e)472 1888 |
| | 44561 | y(used)35 b(in)e(mass)h(form)m(ulae,)e(and)i(should)f(not)h(b)s(e)f(c)m |
| | 44562 | (hanged.)48 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(t,)h(l)e(and)i(h)g(masses)g(the)472 |
| | 44563 | 1997 y(curren)m(t)g(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(stored)g(in)f Fq(PMAS\(6,1\))53 |
| | 44564 | b(-)f(PMAS\(8,1\))35 b Fw(are)d(copied)h(in.)0 2105 y |
| | 44565 | Fq(PARF\(111\),)54 b(PARF\(112\))g(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.0,)40 |
| | 44566 | b(0.11)e(GeV\))h(constan)m(t)g(terms)g(in)f(the)i(mass)f(form)m(ulae)e |
| | 44567 | (for)472 2213 y(hea)m(vy)c(mesons)e(and)g(bary)m(ons,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m |
| | 44568 | (ely)g(\(with)f(diquark)g(getting)e(2/3)i(of)f(bary)m(on\).)0 |
| | 44569 | 2322 y Fq(PARF\(113\),)54 b(PARF\(114\))g(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.16,0.048)h |
| | 44570 | (GeV\))h(factors)g(whic)m(h,)55 b(together)49 b(with)h(Clebsc)m(h-)472 |
| | 44571 | 2430 y(Gordan)24 b(co)s(e\016cien)m(ts)h(and)f(quark)g(constituen)m(t)h |
| | 44572 | (masses,)h(determine)e(the)g(mass)g(splitting)472 2538 |
| | 44573 | y(due)32 b(to)f(spin-spin)f(in)m(teractions)h(for)g(hea)m(vy)h(mesons)g |
| | 44574 | (and)f(bary)m(ons,)i(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)44 b(The)472 |
| | 44575 | 2647 y(latter)32 b(factor)g(is)g(also)g(used)i(for)e(the)h(splitting)d |
| | 44576 | (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)35 b(spin)d(0)g(and)h(spin)g(1)f(diquarks.)0 |
| | 44577 | 2755 y Fq(PARF\(115\))54 b(-)d(PARF\(118\))j(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.50,)30 |
| | 44578 | b(0.45,)g(0.55,)g(0.60)g(GeV\),)g(constan)m(t)h(mass)f(terms,)h(added) |
| | 44579 | 472 2863 y(to)24 b(the)h(constituen)m(t)f(masses,)j(to)d(get)g(the)g |
| | 44580 | (mass)g(of)g(hea)m(vy)i(mesons)e(with)g(orbital)e(angular)472 |
| | 44581 | 2972 y(momen)m(tum)30 b Fj(L)e Fw(=)f(1.)43 b(The)32 |
| | 44582 | b(four)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)i(are)e(for)h(pseudo)m(v)m(ector)i(mesons)e |
| | 44583 | (with)g(quark)472 3080 y(spin)46 b(0,)j(and)d(for)f(scalar,)k(pseudo)m |
| | 44584 | (v)m(ector)f(and)e(tensor)h(mesons)f(with)f(quark)i(spin)f(1,)472 |
| | 44585 | 3188 y(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)0 3297 y Fq(PARF\(121\),)54 |
| | 44586 | b(PARF\(122\))g(:)47 b Fw(\(D=0.1,)c(0.2)f(GeV\))f(constan)m(t)i |
| | 44587 | (terms,)h(whic)m(h)e(are)g(subtracted)h(for)472 3405 |
| | 44588 | y(quark)31 b(and)g(diquark)f(masses,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 44589 | b(,)32 b(in)d(de\014ning)h(the)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(phase)i(space)g(in)472 |
| | 44590 | 3513 y(particle)h(deca)m(ys)i(in)m(to)e(partons.)0 3622 |
| | 44591 | y Fq(PARF\(201\))54 b(-)d(PARF\(1960\))j(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1760*0\))29 |
| | 44592 | b(relativ)m(e)j(probabilities)d(for)i(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(pro)s(duction)e |
| | 44593 | (in)472 3730 y(the)i Fq(MSTJ\(15\)=1)j Fw(option;)31 |
| | 44594 | b(to)h(b)s(e)h(de\014ned)h(b)m(y)g(y)m(ou)f(b)s(efore)g(an)m(y)h |
| | 44595 | Fm(Jetset)e Fw(calls.)472 3838 y(The)i(index)f(in)f Fq(PARF)h |
| | 44596 | Fw(is)f(of)g(the)h(compressed)h(form)472 3947 y(120)22 |
| | 44597 | b(+)g(80)p Fn(\002)p Fw(KT)-8 b(AB1+25)p Fn(\002)p Fw(KT)g(ABS+KT)g |
| | 44598 | (AB3.)472 4055 y(Here)27 b(KT)-8 b(AB1)26 b(is)f(the)h(old)f(\015a)m(v) |
| | 44599 | m(our,)j(\014xed)f(b)m(y)g(preceding)f(fragmen)m(tation)e(history)-8 |
| | 44600 | b(,)27 b(while)472 4163 y(KT)-8 b(AB3)42 b(is)e(the)i(new)g(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 44601 | (our,)i(to)d(b)s(e)g(selected)h(according)f(to)g(the)g(relev)-5 |
| | 44602 | b(an)m(t)41 b(relativ)m(e)472 4272 y(probabilities)25 |
| | 44603 | b(\(except)k(for)e(the)h(v)m(ery)h(last)e(particle,)g(pro)s(duced)i |
| | 44604 | (when)f(joining)e(t)m(w)m(o)i(jets,)472 4380 y(where)41 |
| | 44605 | b(b)s(oth)e(KT)-8 b(AB1)40 b(and)g(KT)-8 b(AB3)39 b(are)h(kno)m(wn\).) |
| | 44606 | 65 b(Only)40 b(the)g(most)e(frequen)m(tly)j(ap-)472 4488 |
| | 44607 | y(p)s(earing)j(quarks/diquarks)j(are)d(de\014ned,)50 |
| | 44608 | b(according)44 b(to)g(the)h(co)s(de)g(1)k(=)f(d,)g(2)g(=)g(u,)472 |
| | 44609 | 4597 y(3)36 b(=)f(s,)k(4)c(=)h(c,)j(5)c(=)g(b,)k(6)c(=)h(t,)i(7)d(=)h |
| | 44610 | (dd)1995 4612 y Fl(1)2035 4597 y Fw(,)i(8)d(=)h(ud)2404 |
| | 44611 | 4612 y Fl(0)2444 4597 y Fw(,)i(9)d(=)h(ud)2813 4612 y |
| | 44612 | Fl(1)2853 4597 y Fw(,)i(10)d(=)h(uu)3271 4612 y Fl(1)3310 |
| | 44613 | 4597 y Fw(,)j(11)c(=)g(sd)3712 4612 y Fl(0)3752 4597 |
| | 44614 | y Fw(,)472 4705 y(12)28 b(=)f(sd)793 4720 y Fl(1)833 |
| | 44615 | 4705 y Fw(,)i(13)e(=)h(su)1210 4720 y Fl(0)1250 4705 |
| | 44616 | y Fw(,)g(14)g(=)f(su)1626 4720 y Fl(1)1666 4705 y Fw(,)i(15)e(=)h(ss) |
| | 44617 | 2027 4720 y Fl(1)2067 4705 y Fw(,)h(16)e(=)g(cd)2448 |
| | 44618 | 4720 y Fl(0)2488 4705 y Fw(,)i(17)e(=)h(cd)2870 4720 |
| | 44619 | y Fl(1)2910 4705 y Fw(,)g(18)g(=)f(cu)3291 4720 y Fl(0)3331 |
| | 44620 | 4705 y Fw(,)i(19)e(=)g(cu)3712 4720 y Fl(1)3752 4705 |
| | 44621 | y Fw(,)472 4813 y(20)44 b(=)f(cs)814 4828 y Fl(0)854 |
| | 44622 | 4813 y Fw(,)h(21)g(=)f(cs)1267 4828 y Fl(1)1307 4813 |
| | 44623 | y Fw(,)h(22)g(=)f(cc)1725 4828 y Fl(1)1765 4813 y Fw(.)72 |
| | 44624 | b(These)43 b(are)f(th)m(us)h(the)f(only)g(p)s(ossibilities)d(for)i(the) |
| | 44625 | 472 4922 y(new)35 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(to)f(b)s(e)g(pro)s(duced;)i(for)d |
| | 44626 | (an)h(o)s(ccasional)f(old)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(not)e(on)h(this)g(list,)f |
| | 44627 | (the)472 5030 y(ordinary)f(relativ)m(e)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)i(pro)s |
| | 44628 | (duction)e(probabilities)d(will)i(b)s(e)h(used.)472 5138 |
| | 44629 | y(Giv)m(en)37 b(the)h(initial)33 b(and)38 b(\014nal)e(\015a)m(v)m(our,) |
| | 44630 | j(the)f(in)m(termediate)e(hadron)h(that)g(is)g(pro)s(duced)472 |
| | 44631 | 5247 y(is)g(almost)e(\014xed.)58 b(\(Initial)34 b(and)j(\014nal)f |
| | 44632 | (diquark)h(here)h(corresp)s(onds)g(to)e(`p)s(op)s(corn')h(pro-)472 |
| | 44633 | 5355 y(duction)k(of)f(mesons)h(in)m(termediate)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(a)d |
| | 44634 | (bary)m(on)h(and)g(an)g(an)m(tibary)m(on\).)68 b(The)472 |
| | 44635 | 5463 y(additional)30 b(index)j(KT)-8 b(ABS)33 b(giv)m(es)g(the)g(spin)f |
| | 44636 | (t)m(yp)s(e)i(of)e(this)g(hadron,)h(with)472 5572 y(0)g(=)f |
| | 44637 | (pseudoscalar)h(meson)g(or)f(\003-lik)m(e)f(spin)i(1/2)e(bary)m(on,) |
| | 44638 | 1817 5953 y(279)p eop |
| | 44639 | %%Page: 280 286 |
| | 44640 | 280 285 bop 472 -18 a Fw(1)33 b(=)f(v)m(ector)i(meson)e(or)h(\006-lik)m |
| | 44641 | (e)e(spin)i(1/2)f(bary)m(on,)472 90 y(2)h(=)f(tensor)h(meson)g(or)f |
| | 44642 | (spin)h(3/2)e(bary)m(on.)472 198 y(\(Some)39 b(meson)g(m)m(ultiplets,)g |
| | 44643 | (not)g(frequen)m(tly)h(pro)s(duced,)i(are)d(not)g(accessible)h(b)m(y)g |
| | 44644 | (this)472 307 y(parametrization.\))472 415 y(Note)45 |
| | 44645 | b(that)f(some)g(com)m(binations)f(of)h(KT)-8 b(AB1,)47 |
| | 44646 | b(KT)-8 b(AB3)44 b(and)h(KT)-8 b(ABS)45 b(do)f(not)g(cor-)472 |
| | 44647 | 523 y(resp)s(ond)52 b(to)f(a)g(ph)m(ysical)g(particle)e(\(a)i(\003-lik) |
| | 44648 | m(e)e(bary)m(on)j(m)m(ust)f(con)m(tain)g(three)h(di\013er-)472 |
| | 44649 | 632 y(en)m(t)g(quark)g(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)57 b(a)51 b(\006-lik)m(e)f |
| | 44650 | (one)h(at)g(least)g(t)m(w)m(o\),)56 b(and)51 b(that)g(y)m(ou)h(m)m(ust) |
| | 44651 | f(see)h(to)472 740 y(it)44 b(that)h(the)g(corresp)s(onding)i |
| | 44652 | Fq(PARF)e Fw(en)m(tries)h(are)f(v)-5 b(anishing.)79 b(One)46 |
| | 44653 | b(additional)c(com-)472 848 y(plication)j(exist)i(when)h(KT)-8 |
| | 44654 | b(AB3)47 b(and)g(KT)-8 b(AB1)47 b(denote)h(the)g(same)e(\015a)m(v)m |
| | 44655 | (our)i(con)m(ten)m(t)472 957 y(\(normally)54 b(KT)-8 |
| | 44656 | b(AB3=KT)g(AB1,)62 b(but)56 b(for)g(diquarks)h(the)f(spin)g(freedom)g |
| | 44657 | (ma)m(y)g(giv)m(e)472 1065 y(KT)-8 b(AB3=KT)g(AB1)p Fn(\006)p |
| | 44658 | Fw(1\):)65 b(then)44 b(a)f(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(neutral)e(meson)h(is)g(to) |
| | 44659 | f(b)s(e)i(pro)s(duced,)i(and)472 1184 y(here)d(d)p 747 |
| | 44660 | 1105 55 4 v(d)q(,)h(u)p 927 1131 V(u)f(and)f(s)p 1261 |
| | 44661 | 1131 39 4 v(s)h(states)g(mix)e(\(hea)m(vier)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(states) |
| | 44662 | g(do)f(not,)j(and)d(these)h(are)472 1292 y(therefore)d(no)g(problem\).) |
| | 44663 | 62 b(F)-8 b(or)39 b(these)i(cases)f(the)g(ordinary)f(KT)-8 |
| | 44664 | b(AB3)39 b(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(giv)m(es)h(the)472 1401 y(total)35 |
| | 44665 | b(probabilit)m(y)g(to)h(pro)s(duce)i(either)e(of)g(the)h(mesons)g(p)s |
| | 44666 | (ossible,)g(while)f(KT)-8 b(AB3=23)472 1509 y(giv)m(es)35 |
| | 44667 | b(the)f(relativ)m(e)f(probabilit)m(y)f(to)h(pro)s(duce)i(the)f(ligh)m |
| | 44668 | (test)f(meson)h(state)g(\()p Fj(\031)3375 1473 y Fl(0)3414 |
| | 44669 | 1509 y Fw(,)g Fj(\032)3525 1473 y Fl(0)3565 1509 y Fw(,)g(a)3675 |
| | 44670 | 1473 y Fl(0)3675 1534 y(2)3714 1509 y Fw(\),)472 1617 |
| | 44671 | y(KT)-8 b(AB3=24)25 b(relativ)m(e)g(probabilit)m(y)e(for)i(the)h |
| | 44672 | (middle)d(meson)i(\()p Fj(\021)t Fw(,)i Fj(!)t Fw(,)f(f)3036 |
| | 44673 | 1581 y Fl(0)3029 1642 y(2)3075 1617 y Fw(\),)h(and)e(KT)-8 |
| | 44674 | b(AB3)26 b(=)472 1726 y(25)32 b(relativ)m(e)f(probabilit)m(y)f(for)h |
| | 44675 | (the)h(hea)m(viest)h(one)f(\()p Fj(\021)2403 1690 y Fk(0)2426 |
| | 44676 | 1726 y Fw(,)g Fj(\036)p Fw(,)g Fj(f)2661 1690 y Fk(0)p |
| | 44677 | Fl(0)2650 1750 y(2)2719 1726 y Fw(\).)43 b(Note)32 b(that,)g(for)f |
| | 44678 | (simplic-)472 1834 y(it)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(these)h(relativ)m(e)e |
| | 44679 | (probabilities)e(are)i(assumed)i(the)f(same)g(whether)h(initial)27 |
| | 44680 | b(and)32 b(\014nal)472 1942 y(diquark)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)f(same)f(spin) |
| | 44681 | g(or)g(not;)h(the)g(total)e(probabilit)m(y)f(ma)m(y)i(w)m(ell)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 44682 | (assumed)472 2051 y(di\013eren)m(t,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)472 |
| | 44683 | 2159 y(As)38 b(a)f(general)f(commen)m(t,)i(the)f(sum)g(of)43 |
| | 44684 | b Fq(PARF)38 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(for)g(a)f(giv)m(en)i(KT)-8 |
| | 44685 | b(AB1)37 b(need)h(not)472 2267 y(b)s(e)f(normalized)e(to)h(unit)m(y)-8 |
| | 44686 | b(,)37 b(but)g(rather)g(the)g(program)e(will)f(\014nd)j(the)g(sum)f(of) |
| | 44687 | h(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)472 2376 y(w)m(eigh)m(ts)30 b(and)e(normalize)e(to) |
| | 44688 | j(that.)41 b(The)30 b(same)e(go)s(es)h(for)e(the)i(KT)-8 |
| | 44689 | b(AB3=23{25)28 b(w)m(eigh)m(ts.)472 2484 y(This)40 b(mak)m(es)h(it)e |
| | 44690 | (straigh)m(tforw)m(ard)g(to)g(use)i(one)f(common)f(setup)i(of)46 |
| | 44691 | b Fq(PARF)41 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues)39 b(and)472 2592 y(still)31 |
| | 44692 | b(switc)m(h)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(di\013eren)m(t)d Fq(MSTJ\(12\))j |
| | 44693 | Fw(bary)m(on)e(pro)s(duction)f(mo)s(des.)0 2755 y Fq(VCKM\(I,J\))54 |
| | 44694 | b(:)47 b Fw(squared)36 b(matrix)d(elemen)m(ts)h(of)g(the)h(Cabibb)s |
| | 44695 | (o-Koba)m(y)m(ashi-Mask)-5 b(a)m(w)m(a)34 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(mix-)472 |
| | 44696 | 2863 y(ing)d(matrix.)236 2972 y Fq(I)52 b(:)319 b Fw(up)33 |
| | 44697 | b(t)m(yp)s(e)g(generation)f(index,)h(i.e.)43 b(1)27 b(=)h(u,)33 |
| | 44698 | b(2)27 b(=)h(c,)33 b(3)27 b(=)h(t)k(and)h(4)27 b(=)h(h.)236 |
| | 44699 | 3080 y Fq(J)52 b(:)319 b Fw(do)m(wn)33 b(t)m(yp)s(e)h(generation)d |
| | 44700 | (index,)i(i.e.)43 b(1)28 b(=)f(d,)33 b(2)28 b(=)f(s,)33 |
| | 44701 | b(3)28 b(=)f(b)33 b(and)g(4)27 b(=)h(l.)p 0 3224 3337 |
| | 44702 | 9 v 0 3449 9 225 v 79 3364 a Fq(COMMON/LUDAT3/MDCY\(500,3)q(\),MD)q |
| | 44703 | (ME\(2)q(000,)q(2\),)q(BRAT)q(\(200)q(0\),K)q(FDP)q(\(200)q(0,5\))p |
| | 44704 | 3329 3449 V 0 3457 3337 9 v 0 3589 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 |
| | 44705 | b Fw(to)k(giv)m(e)g(access)i(to)e(particle)f(deca)m(y)i(data)f(and)g |
| | 44706 | (parameters.)103 b(In)53 b(particular,)i(the)472 3697 |
| | 44707 | y Fq(MDCY\(KC,1\))44 b Fw(v)-5 b(ariables)41 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(used)i |
| | 44708 | (to)e(switc)m(h)h(on)g(or)f(o\013)g(the)g(deca)m(y)i(of)e(a)g(giv)m(en) |
| | 44709 | 472 3806 y(particle)36 b(sp)s(ecies,)k(and)e(the)f Fq(MDME\(IDC,1\))j |
| | 44710 | Fw(ones)f(to)e(switc)m(h)h(on)f(or)g(o\013)g(an)g(individual)472 |
| | 44711 | 3914 y(deca)m(y)f(c)m(hannel)g(of)e(a)g(particle.)49 |
| | 44712 | b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(quarks,)k(leptons)e(and)f(gauge)h(b)s(osons,)h(a)e(n)m |
| | 44713 | (um)m(b)s(er)472 4022 y(of)28 b(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannels)f(are)f |
| | 44714 | (included)g(that)g(are)g(not)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(for)h(on-mass-shell)e |
| | 44715 | (particles,)472 4131 y(see)35 b Fq(MDME\(IDC,2\)=102)p |
| | 44716 | Fw(.)49 b(These)35 b(c)m(hannels)f(are)f(not)g(curren)m(tly)h(used)g |
| | 44717 | (in)f Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)f(but)472 4239 y(instead)42 b(\014nd)g |
| | 44718 | (applications)e(in)h Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)70 b(P)m(article)41 |
| | 44719 | b(data)g(is)g(stored)i(b)m(y)f(compressed)472 4347 y(co)s(de)35 |
| | 44720 | b(K)m(C)f(rather)g(than)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(full)e(KF)h(co)s(de.)48 |
| | 44721 | b(Y)-8 b(ou)34 b(are)f(reminded)h(that)f(the)i(w)m(a)m(y)g(to)472 |
| | 44722 | 4456 y(kno)m(w)f(the)f(K)m(C)g(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)g(to)h(use)g(the)g |
| | 44723 | Fq(LUCOMP)h Fw(function,)e(i.e.)43 b Fq(KC)52 b(=)g(LUCOMP\(KF\))p |
| | 44724 | Fw(.)0 4618 y Fq(MDCY\(KC,1\))i(:)47 b Fw(switc)m(h)27 |
| | 44725 | b(to)f(tell)f(whether)i(a)f(particle)f(with)h(compressed)i(co)s(de)e(K) |
| | 44726 | m(C)h(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)472 4727 y(to)33 |
| | 44727 | b(deca)m(y)h(or)e(not.)236 4835 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 44728 | b Fw(the)33 b(particle)e(is)h(not)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)h(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 44729 | b(.)236 4943 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)29 b(particle)g(is)f(allo)m |
| | 44730 | (w)m(ed)h(to)g(deca)m(y)i(\(if)d(deca)m(y)j(information)26 |
| | 44731 | b(is)j(de\014ned)i(b)s(elo)m(w)e(for)709 5052 y(the)k(particle\).)0 |
| | 44732 | 5160 y Fq(MDCY\(KC,2\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(giv)m(es)32 b(the)f(en)m(try)h(p) |
| | 44733 | s(oin)m(t)e(in)m(to)g(the)h(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannel)f(table)f(for)h |
| | 44734 | (compressed)h(particle)472 5268 y(co)s(de)h(K)m(C.)h(Is)f(0)f(if)f(no)i |
| | 44735 | (deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannels)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)g(de\014ned.)0 |
| | 44736 | 5377 y Fq(MDCY\(KC,3\))54 b(:)47 b Fw(giv)m(es)36 b(the)g(total)d(n)m |
| | 44737 | (um)m(b)s(er)j(of)e(deca)m(y)j(c)m(hannels)f(de\014ned)h(for)d |
| | 44738 | (compressed)j(particle)472 5485 y(co)s(de)g(K)m(C,)f(indep)s(enden)m |
| | 44739 | (tly)h(of)e(whether)i(they)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)f(assigned)g(a)g |
| | 44740 | (non-v)-5 b(anishing)472 5593 y(branc)m(hing)55 b(ratio)e(or)h(not.)108 |
| | 44741 | b(Th)m(us)56 b(the)f(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannels)f(are)g(found)f(in)g(p)s |
| | 44742 | (ositions)1817 5953 y(280)p eop |
| | 44743 | %%Page: 281 287 |
| | 44744 | 281 286 bop 472 -18 a Fq(MDCY\(KC,2\))36 b Fw(to)c Fq |
| | 44745 | (MDCY\(KC,2\)+MDCY\(KC,3\)-1)p Fw(.)0 144 y Fq(MDME\(IDC,1\))54 |
| | 44746 | b(:)48 b Fw(on/o\013)38 b(switc)m(h)i(for)e(individual)e(deca)m(y)k(c)m |
| | 44747 | (hannel)g(IDC.)f(In)g(addition,)g(a)f(c)m(hannel)472 |
| | 44748 | 252 y(ma)m(y)45 b(b)s(e)f(left)g(selectiv)m(ely)h(op)s(en;)50 |
| | 44749 | b(this)45 b(has)f(some)h(sp)s(ecial)e(applications)g(in)g |
| | 44750 | Fm(Pythia)472 361 y Fw(whic)m(h)36 b(are)e(not)h(curren)m(tly)h(used)f |
| | 44751 | (in)f Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)49 b(E\013ectiv)m(e)36 b(branc)m(hing)f(ratios)f |
| | 44752 | (are)g(auto-)472 469 y(matically)42 b(recalculated)i(for)h(the)g(deca)m |
| | 44753 | (y)h(c)m(hannels)g(left)e(op)s(en.)80 b(Also)44 b(pro)s(cess)j(cross) |
| | 44754 | 472 577 y(sections)55 b(are)e(a\013ected;)65 b(see)55 |
| | 44755 | b(section)f(7.6.2.)106 b(If)53 b(a)h(particle)e(is)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)g |
| | 44756 | (to)g(deca)m(y)472 686 y(b)m(y)c(the)g Fq(MDCY\(KC,1\))h |
| | 44757 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue,)51 b(at)d(least)f(one)h(c)m(hannel)h(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g |
| | 44758 | (left)f(op)s(en)h(b)m(y)h(y)m(ou.)472 794 y(A)d(list)f(of)h(deca)m(y)h |
| | 44759 | (c)m(hannels)g(with)e(curren)m(t)j(IDC)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)g(ma)m(y)g(b) |
| | 44760 | s(e)g(obtained)g(with)472 902 y Fq(LULIST\(12\))p Fw(.)236 |
| | 44761 | 1011 y Fq(=)52 b(-1)g(:)165 b Fw(this)35 b(is)f(a)h(non-Standard)h(Mo)s |
| | 44762 | (del)e(deca)m(y)j(mo)s(de,)e(whic)m(h)h(b)m(y)g(default)f(is)g(assumed) |
| | 44763 | 709 1119 y(not)40 b(to)h(exist.)68 b(Normally)-8 b(,)41 |
| | 44764 | b(this)f(option)g(is)g(used)i(for)e(deca)m(ys)j(in)m(v)m(olving)d |
| | 44765 | (fourth)709 1227 y(generation)32 b(or)g(H)1378 1191 y |
| | 44766 | Fk(\006)1469 1227 y Fw(particles.)236 1336 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 44767 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(c)m(hannel)33 b(is)f(switc)m(hed)i(o\013.)236 |
| | 44768 | 1444 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(c)m(hannel)33 b(is)f(switc)m(hed)i(on.) |
| | 44769 | 236 1552 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(c)m(hannel)31 b(is)f(switc)m(hed)i |
| | 44770 | (on)f(for)f(a)h(particle)f(but)h(o\013)f(for)g(an)h(an)m(tiparticle.)41 |
| | 44771 | b(It)31 b(is)f(also)709 1661 y(on)i(for)g(a)g(particle)g(its)g(o)m(wn)h |
| | 44772 | (an)m(tiparticle,)e(i.e.)43 b(here)33 b(it)f(means)g(the)h(same)g(as)f |
| | 44773 | Fq(=1)p Fw(.)236 1769 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(c)m(hannel)35 |
| | 44774 | b(is)f(switc)m(hed)i(on)f(for)f(an)g(an)m(tiparticle)f(but)i(o\013)g |
| | 44775 | (for)f(a)g(particle.)49 b(It)35 b(is)f(o\013)709 1878 |
| | 44776 | y(for)e(a)g(particle)f(its)h(o)m(wn)i(an)m(tiparticle.)236 |
| | 44777 | 1986 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(in)40 b(the)h(pro)s(duction)f(of)h(a)f |
| | 44778 | (pair)g(of)h(equal)f(or)h(c)m(harge)g(conjugate)g(resonances)i(in)709 |
| | 44779 | 2094 y Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)e(sa)m(y)g(H)1372 2058 y Fl(0)1451 |
| | 44780 | 2094 y Fn(!)f Fw(W)1692 2058 y Fl(+)1751 2094 y Fw(W)1852 |
| | 44781 | 2058 y Fk(\000)1912 2094 y Fw(,)h(either)f(one)g(of)f(the)h(resonances) |
| | 44782 | i(is)d(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)709 2203 y(deca)m(y)48 b(according)e(to)h |
| | 44783 | (this)g(group)g(of)f(c)m(hannels,)52 b(but)47 b(not)g(b)s(oth.)86 |
| | 44784 | b(If)47 b(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)709 2311 y(particles)27 b(of)g(the)i(pair)e |
| | 44785 | (are)h(di\013eren)m(t,)h(the)f(c)m(hannel)h(is)e(on.)42 |
| | 44786 | b(Within)27 b Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)h(this)709 2419 y(option)j(only)h(means) |
| | 44787 | h(that)f(the)h(c)m(hannel)g(is)f(switc)m(hed)i(o\013.)236 |
| | 44788 | 2528 y Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(as)29 b Fq(=4)p Fw(,)h(but)f(an)g |
| | 44789 | (indep)s(enden)m(t)h(group)f(of)g(c)m(hannels,)h(suc)m(h)h(that)d(in)h |
| | 44790 | (a)f(pair)g(of)h(equal)709 2636 y(or)46 b(c)m(harge)h(conjugate)f |
| | 44791 | (resonances)i(the)f(deca)m(y)h(of)d(either)i(resonance)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s |
| | 44792 | (e)709 2744 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)31 b(indep)s(enden)m(tly)-8 |
| | 44793 | b(.)44 b(If)31 b(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(particles)e(in)g(the)i(pair)e(are)g |
| | 44794 | (di\013eren)m(t,)i(the)709 2853 y(c)m(hannel)h(is)g(o\013.)45 |
| | 44795 | b(Within)32 b Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)h(this)g(option)f(only)h(means)g(that)g |
| | 44796 | (the)h(c)m(hannel)709 2961 y(is)e(switc)m(hed)i(o\013.)236 |
| | 44797 | 3069 y Fo(W)-9 b(arning:)47 b Fw(the)31 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(v)-5 |
| | 44798 | b(alues)30 b(-1)g(and)h(0)g(ma)m(y)f(lo)s(ok)g(similar,)e(but)j(in)f |
| | 44799 | (fact)h(are)f(quite)h(di\013eren)m(t.)709 3178 y(In)g(neither)g(case)h |
| | 44800 | (the)g(c)m(hannel)f(so)g(set)h(is)f(generated,)h(but)f(in)g(the)g |
| | 44801 | (latter)f(case)i(the)709 3286 y(c)m(hannel)23 b(still)d(con)m(tributes) |
| | 44802 | k(to)e(the)h(total)f(width)g(of)g(a)h(resonance,)j(and)d(th)m(us)h |
| | 44803 | (a\013ects)709 3394 y(b)s(oth)29 b(sim)m(ulated)g(line)f(shap)s(e)i |
| | 44804 | (and)g(the)g(generated)h(cross)g(section)e(when)i Fm(Pythia)709 |
| | 44805 | 3503 y Fw(is)g(run.)43 b(The)33 b(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(0)g(is)g |
| | 44806 | (appropriate)g(to)g(a)g(c)m(hannel)h(w)m(e)h(assume)f(exists,)g(ev)m |
| | 44807 | (en)i(if)709 3611 y(w)m(e)i(are)f(not)g(curren)m(tly)h(sim)m(ulating)c |
| | 44808 | (it,)j(while)f(-1)g(should)h(b)s(e)h(used)g(for)f(c)m(hannels)709 |
| | 44809 | 3719 y(w)m(e)d(b)s(eliev)m(e)f(do)g(not)g(exist.)43 b(In)31 |
| | 44810 | b(particular,)f(y)m(ou)i(are)f(w)m(arned)h(un)m(wittingly)e(to)h(set) |
| | 44811 | 709 3828 y(fourth)i(generation)g(c)m(hannels)i(0)e(\(rather)h(than)g |
| | 44812 | (-1\),)f(since)h(b)m(y)h(no)m(w)f(the)g(supp)s(ort)709 |
| | 44813 | 3936 y(for)e(a)g(fourth)g(generation)g(is)g(small.)236 |
| | 44814 | 4044 y Fo(Remark:)54 b Fw(all)24 b(the)j(options)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(ma) |
| | 44815 | m(y)e(b)s(e)g(freely)h(mixed.)41 b(The)27 b(di\013erence,)h(for)e |
| | 44816 | (those)h(cases)709 4153 y(where)39 b(b)s(oth)e(mak)m(e)h(sense,)j(b)s |
| | 44817 | (et)m(w)m(een)f(using)d(v)-5 b(alues)38 b(2)f(and)h(3)g(and)f(using)h |
| | 44818 | (4)f(and)709 4261 y(5)k(is)h(that)g(the)g(latter)f(automatically)e |
| | 44819 | (include)i(c)m(harge)i(conjugate)f(states,)j(e.g.)709 |
| | 44820 | 4369 y(H)782 4333 y Fl(0)849 4369 y Fn(!)27 b Fw(W)1077 |
| | 44821 | 4333 y Fl(+)1137 4369 y Fw(W)1238 4333 y Fk(\000)1325 |
| | 44822 | 4369 y Fn(!)g Fw(e)1495 4333 y Fl(+)1555 4369 y Fj(\027)1603 |
| | 44823 | 4384 y Fh(e)1640 4369 y Fw(d)p 1694 4317 55 4 v(u)j(or)p |
| | 44824 | 1895 4290 V 30 w(d)q(ue)2047 4333 y Fk(\000)p 2106 4317 |
| | 44825 | V 2106 4369 a Fj(\027)2161 4384 y Fh(e)2198 4369 y Fw(,)g(but)h(the)f |
| | 44826 | (former)g(only)f(one)i(of)f(them.)42 b(In)709 4478 y(calculations)27 |
| | 44827 | b(of)i(the)g(join)m(t)g(branc)m(hing)g(ratio,)f(this)h(mak)m(es)h(a)f |
| | 44828 | (factor)g(2)g(di\013erence.)236 4586 y Fo(Example:)47 |
| | 44829 | b Fw(to)30 b(illustrate)f(the)j(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(options,)g(consider)h |
| | 44830 | (the)f(case)h(of)e(a)h(W)3117 4550 y Fl(+)3177 4586 y |
| | 44831 | Fw(W)3278 4550 y Fk(\000)3368 4586 y Fw(pair.)42 b(One)709 |
| | 44832 | 4694 y(migh)m(t)31 b(then)i(set)g(the)g(follo)m(wing)d(com)m(bination)h |
| | 44833 | (of)h(switc)m(hes)i(for)e(the)h(W)q(:)1817 5953 y(281)p |
| | 44834 | eop |
| | 44835 | %%Page: 282 288 |
| | 44836 | 282 287 bop 758 -30 a Fw(c)m(hannel)101 b(v)-5 b(alue)99 |
| | 44837 | b(commen)m(t)866 90 y(u)p 920 11 55 4 v(d)292 b(1)185 |
| | 44838 | b(allo)m(w)m(ed)32 b(for)g(W)2097 54 y Fl(+)2189 90 y |
| | 44839 | Fw(and)g(W)2479 54 y Fk(\000)2571 90 y Fw(in)g(an)m(y)i(com)m |
| | 44840 | (bination,)873 211 y(u)p 927 158 39 4 v(s)301 b(0)185 |
| | 44841 | b(nev)m(er)34 b(pro)s(duced)f(but)g(con)m(tributes)g(to)g(W)h(width,) |
| | 44842 | 871 331 y(c)p 914 252 55 4 v(d)298 b(2)185 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)32 |
| | 44843 | b(for)g(W)2097 295 y Fl(+)2189 331 y Fw(only)-8 b(,)879 |
| | 44844 | 451 y(c)p 922 398 39 4 v(s)306 b(3)185 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)32 |
| | 44845 | b(for)g(W)2097 415 y Fk(\000)2189 451 y Fw(only)-8 b(,)32 |
| | 44846 | b(i.e.)43 b(prop)s(erly)32 b(W)3081 415 y Fk(\000)3168 |
| | 44847 | 451 y Fn(!)p 3296 398 44 4 v 28 w Fw(cs,)874 572 y(t)p |
| | 44848 | 912 493 55 4 v(b)300 b(0)185 b(nev)m(er)34 b(pro)s(duced)f(but)g(con)m |
| | 44849 | (tributes)g(to)g(W)h(width)1500 692 y(if)d(the)i(c)m(hannel)g(is)f |
| | 44850 | (kinematically)e(allo)m(w)m(ed,)827 812 y Fj(\027)875 |
| | 44851 | 827 y Fl(e)910 812 y Fw(e)953 776 y Fl(+)1266 812 y Fw(4)185 |
| | 44852 | b(allo)m(w)m(ed)32 b(for)g(one)g(of)g(W)2386 776 y Fl(+)2479 |
| | 44853 | 812 y Fw(or)g(W)2699 776 y Fk(\000)2758 812 y Fw(,)h(but)g(not)f(b)s |
| | 44854 | (oth,)813 933 y Fj(\027)861 948 y Fh(\026)908 933 y Fj(\026)967 |
| | 44855 | 897 y Fl(+)1266 933 y Fw(4)185 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)32 b(for)g(one)g(of)g(W) |
| | 44856 | 2386 897 y Fl(+)2479 933 y Fw(or)g(W)2699 897 y Fk(\000)2758 |
| | 44857 | 933 y Fw(,)h(but)g(not)f(b)s(oth,)1500 1053 y(and)g(not)h(in)f(com)m |
| | 44858 | (bination)e(with)i Fj(\027)2802 1068 y Fl(e)2838 1053 |
| | 44859 | y Fw(e)2881 1017 y Fl(+)2940 1053 y Fw(,)818 1174 y Fj(\027)866 |
| | 44860 | 1189 y Fh(\034)909 1174 y Fj(\034)962 1137 y Fl(+)1266 |
| | 44861 | 1174 y Fw(5)185 b(allo)m(w)m(ed)32 b(for)g(the)h(other)f(W)q(,)h(but)g |
| | 44862 | (not)g(b)s(oth,)812 1294 y Fj(\027)860 1309 y Fh(\037)908 |
| | 44863 | 1294 y Fj(\037)969 1258 y Fk(\000)1227 1294 y Fn(\000)p |
| | 44864 | Fw(1)147 b(not)32 b(pro)s(duced)i(and)e(do)s(es)h(not)g(con)m(tribute)f |
| | 44865 | (to)h(W)h(width.)709 1421 y(A)43 b(W)926 1384 y Fl(+)986 |
| | 44866 | 1421 y Fw(W)1087 1384 y Fk(\000)1190 1421 y Fw(\014nal)f(state)i(u)p |
| | 44867 | 1721 1341 V(d)30 b(+)p 1911 1368 44 4 v 30 w(cs)44 b(is)f(allo)m(w)m |
| | 44868 | (ed,)i(but)f(not)f(its)g(c)m(harge)h(conjugate)p 709 |
| | 44869 | 1476 55 4 v 709 1529 a(ud)33 b(+)g(c)p 1002 1476 39 4 |
| | 44870 | v(s)q(,)52 b(since)d(the)g(latter)e(deca)m(y)j(mo)s(de)d(is)h(not)g |
| | 44871 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)g(for)g(a)g(W)3434 1493 y Fl(+)3494 1529 |
| | 44872 | y Fw(.)91 b(The)709 1637 y(com)m(bination)41 b Fj(\027)1323 |
| | 44873 | 1652 y Fl(e)1359 1637 y Fw(e)1402 1601 y Fl(+)1491 1637 |
| | 44874 | y Fw(+)35 b(\026)-54 b Fj(\027)1645 1652 y Fh(\034)1688 |
| | 44875 | 1637 y Fj(\034)1741 1601 y Fk(\000)1844 1637 y Fw(is)43 |
| | 44876 | b(allo)m(w)m(ed,)j(since)e(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(c)m(hannels)f(b)s(elong)f |
| | 44877 | (to)709 1746 y(di\013eren)m(t)38 b(groups,)h(but)g(not)e |
| | 44878 | Fj(\027)1858 1761 y Fl(e)1894 1746 y Fw(e)1937 1709 y |
| | 44879 | Fl(+)2022 1746 y Fw(+)32 b(\026)-55 b Fj(\027)2172 1761 |
| | 44880 | y Fh(\026)2219 1746 y Fj(\026)2278 1709 y Fk(\000)2336 |
| | 44881 | 1746 y Fw(,)40 b(where)f(b)s(oth)f(b)s(elong)f(to)g(the)i(same.)709 |
| | 44882 | 1868 y(Both)32 b(u)p 1005 1788 55 4 v(d)23 b(+)k(\026)-54 |
| | 44883 | b Fj(\027)1228 1883 y Fh(\034)1271 1868 y Fj(\034)1324 |
| | 44884 | 1831 y Fk(\000)1416 1868 y Fw(and)p 1606 1815 V 33 w(ud)22 |
| | 44885 | b(+)g Fj(\027)1882 1883 y Fh(\034)1926 1868 y Fj(\034)1979 |
| | 44886 | 1831 y Fl(+)2071 1868 y Fw(are)32 b(allo)m(w)m(ed,)g(since)h(there)h |
| | 44887 | (is)e(no)g(clash.)44 b(The)709 1976 y(full)25 b(ruleb)s(o)s(ok,)j(for)e |
| | 44888 | (this)h(case,)j(is)c(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)g(eq.)g(\(95\).)41 |
| | 44889 | b(A)28 b(term)e Fj(r)3097 1940 y Fl(2)3094 2001 y Fh(i)3164 |
| | 44890 | 1976 y Fw(means)h(c)m(hannel)709 2084 y Fj(i)39 b Fw(is)g(allo)m(w)m |
| | 44891 | (ed)g(for)f(W)1496 2048 y Fl(+)1595 2084 y Fw(and)h(W)1892 |
| | 44892 | 2048 y Fk(\000)1991 2084 y Fw(sim)m(ultaneously)-8 b(,)40 |
| | 44893 | b(a)f(term)g Fj(r)3053 2099 y Fh(i)3081 2084 y Fj(r)3125 |
| | 44894 | 2099 y Fh(j)3201 2084 y Fw(that)g(c)m(hannels)709 2193 |
| | 44895 | y Fj(i)e Fw(and)h Fj(j)43 b Fw(ma)m(y)37 b(b)s(e)h(com)m(bined,)g(and)g |
| | 44896 | (a)f(term)g(2)p Fj(r)2492 2208 y Fh(i)2520 2193 y Fj(r)2564 |
| | 44897 | 2208 y Fh(j)2638 2193 y Fw(that)g(c)m(hannels)h Fj(i)g |
| | 44898 | Fw(and)f Fj(j)44 b Fw(ma)m(y)709 2301 y(b)s(e)35 b(com)m(bined)f(t)m(w) |
| | 44899 | m(o)i(w)m(a)m(ys,)h(i.e.)49 b(that)35 b(also)f(a)g(c)m(harge)h |
| | 44900 | (conjugate)g(com)m(bination)e(is)709 2409 y(allo)m(w)m(ed.)0 |
| | 44901 | 2518 y Fq(MDME\(IDC,2\))54 b(:)48 b Fw(information)26 |
| | 44902 | b(on)j(sp)s(ecial)f(matrix-elemen)m(t)f(treatmen)m(t)i(for)f(deca)m(y)j |
| | 44903 | (c)m(hannel)e(IDC.)472 2626 y(In)43 b(addition)e(to)h(the)h(outline)f |
| | 44904 | (b)s(elo)m(w,)j(sp)s(ecial)c(rules)i(apply)f(for)g(the)h(order)g(in)f |
| | 44905 | (whic)m(h)472 2734 y(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(ducts)g(should)e(b)s(e)h(giv)m |
| | 44906 | (en,)i(so)d(that)h(matrix)e(elemen)m(ts)i(and)f(colour)g(\015o)m(w)h |
| | 44907 | (is)472 2843 y(prop)s(erly)34 b(treated.)49 b(One)35 |
| | 44908 | b(suc)m(h)g(example)f(is)g(the)g(w)m(eak)i(matrix)c(elemen)m(ts,)j |
| | 44909 | (whic)m(h)g(only)472 2951 y(will)j(b)s(e)j(correct)g(if)e(deca)m(y)i |
| | 44910 | (pro)s(ducts)g(are)f(giv)m(en)h(in)e(the)i(righ)m(t)e(order.)67 |
| | 44911 | b(The)41 b(program)472 3059 y(do)s(es)e(not)g(p)s(olice)e(this,)j(so)e |
| | 44912 | (if)g(y)m(ou)h(in)m(tro)s(duce)f(c)m(hannels)i(of)e(y)m(our)h(o)m(wn)g |
| | 44913 | (and)g(use)g(these)472 3168 y(co)s(des,)34 b(y)m(ou)f(should)g(b)s(e)f |
| | 44914 | (guided)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(existing)f(particle)f(data.)236 |
| | 44915 | 3276 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(no)43 b(sp)s(ecial)g(matrix-elemen)m(t) |
| | 44916 | e(treatmen)m(t;)50 b(partons)43 b(and)h(particles)f(are)h(copied)709 |
| | 44917 | 3384 y(directly)d(to)h(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(record,)h(with)c(momen)m |
| | 44918 | (tum)g(distributed)g(according)h(to)709 3493 y(phase)33 |
| | 44919 | b(space.)236 3601 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fj(!)35 b Fw(and)e |
| | 44920 | Fj(\036)f Fw(deca)m(ys)j(in)m(to)d(three)h(pions,)f(eq.)45 |
| | 44921 | b(\(205\).)236 3709 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fj(\031)768 |
| | 44922 | 3673 y Fl(0)840 3709 y Fw(or)32 b Fj(\021)k Fw(Dalitz)30 |
| | 44923 | b(deca)m(y)k(to)e Fj(\015)5 b Fw(e)1823 3673 y Fl(+)1883 |
| | 44924 | 3709 y Fw(e)1926 3673 y Fk(\000)1985 3709 y Fw(,)33 b(eq.)g(\(207\).) |
| | 44925 | 236 3818 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(used)52 b(for)f(v)m(ector)i(meson)f |
| | 44926 | (deca)m(ys)h(in)m(to)e(t)m(w)m(o)h(pseudoscalars,)58 |
| | 44927 | b(to)51 b(signal)f(non-)709 3926 y(isotropic)31 b(deca)m(y)j(angle)e |
| | 44928 | (according)f(to)i(eq.)44 b(\(206\),)32 b(where)i(relev)-5 |
| | 44929 | b(an)m(t.)236 4034 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(deca)m(y)41 |
| | 44930 | b(of)e(a)g(spin)g(1)g(onium)f(resonance)j(to)e(three)h(gluons)f(or)h |
| | 44931 | (to)f(a)g(photon)g(and)709 4143 y(t)m(w)m(o)e(gluons,)g(eq.)g(\(44\).) |
| | 44932 | 55 b(The)37 b(gluons)f(ma)m(y)h(subsequen)m(tly)i(dev)m(elop)e(a)f(sho) |
| | 44933 | m(w)m(er)j(if)709 4251 y Fq(MSTJ\(23\)=1)p Fw(.)236 4359 |
| | 44934 | y Fq(=)52 b(11)g(:)165 b Fw(phase-space)34 b(pro)s(duction)e(of)g |
| | 44935 | (hadrons)h(from)e(the)i(quarks)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)236 |
| | 44936 | 4468 y Fq(=)52 b(12)g(:)165 b Fw(as)32 b Fq(=11)p Fw(,)i(but)f(for)f |
| | 44937 | (onia)f(resonances,)j(with)f(the)g(option)e(of)h(mo)s(difying)e(the)j |
| | 44938 | (m)m(ulti-)709 4576 y(plicit)m(y)e(distribution)f(separately)-8 |
| | 44939 | b(.)236 4684 y Fq(=)52 b(13)g(:)165 b Fw(as)32 b Fq(=11)p |
| | 44940 | Fw(,)h(but)f(at)f(least)h(three)g(hadrons)h(to)e(b)s(e)h(pro)s(duced)h |
| | 44941 | (\(useful)f(when)h(the)f(t)m(w)m(o-)709 4793 y(b)s(o)s(dy)g(deca)m(ys)j |
| | 44942 | (are)d(giv)m(en)h(explicitly\).)236 4901 y Fq(=)52 b(14)g(:)165 |
| | 44943 | b Fw(as)32 b Fq(=11)p Fw(,)i(but)f(at)f(least)g(four)g(hadrons)h(to)g |
| | 44944 | (b)s(e)f(pro)s(duced.)236 5009 y Fq(=)52 b(15)g(:)165 |
| | 44945 | b Fw(as)32 b Fq(=11)p Fw(,)i(but)f(at)f(least)g(\014v)m(e)i(hadrons)f |
| | 44946 | (to)f(b)s(e)h(pro)s(duced.)236 5118 y Fq(=)52 b(22)g(-)f(30)h(:)47 |
| | 44947 | b Fw(phase-space)f(pro)s(duction)d(of)g(hadrons)i(from)d(the)j(quarks)g |
| | 44948 | (a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)44 b(with)709 5226 y(the)33 b(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)c |
| | 44949 | (\014xed)k(to)g(b)s(e)f Fq(MDME\(IDC,2\)-20)p Fw(,)37 |
| | 44950 | b(i.e.)43 b(2{10.)236 5335 y Fq(=)52 b(31)g(:)165 b Fw(t)m(w)m(o)22 |
| | 44951 | b(or)g(more)f(quarks)i(and)f(particles)f(are)h(distributed)f(according) |
| | 44952 | g(to)h(phase)g(space.)709 5443 y(If)46 b(three)i(or)e(more)g(pro)s |
| | 44953 | (ducts,)51 b(the)d(last)e(pro)s(duct)h(is)f(a)g(sp)s(ectator)i(quark,)j |
| | 44954 | (i.e.)709 5551 y(sitting)31 b(at)h(rest)h(with)f(resp)s(ect)i(to)e(the) |
| | 44955 | h(deca)m(ying)g(hadron.)236 5660 y Fq(=)52 b(32)g(:)165 |
| | 44956 | b Fw(a)45 b(q)p 854 5607 52 4 v(q)h(or)f(gg)h(pair,)h(distributed)e |
| | 44957 | (according)f(to)h(phase)h(space)g(\(in)f(angle\),)i(and)1817 |
| | 44958 | 5953 y(282)p eop |
| | 44959 | %%Page: 283 289 |
| | 44960 | 283 288 bop 709 -18 a Fw(allo)m(w)m(ed)32 b(to)g(dev)m(elop)h(a)f(sho)m |
| | 44961 | (w)m(er)j(if)j Fq(MSTJ\(23\)=1)p Fw(.)236 90 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 44962 | b(33)g(:)165 b Fw(a)32 b(triplet)f(q)p Fj(X)p 1228 37 |
| | 44963 | 52 4 v 8 w Fw(q,)i(where)h Fj(X)40 b Fw(is)32 b(either)g(a)g(gluon)g |
| | 44964 | (or)g(a)g(colour-singlet)e(particle;)h(the)709 198 y(\014nal)37 |
| | 44965 | b(particle)g(\()p 1327 145 V(q)q(\))h(is)g(assumed)h(to)f(sit)g(at)g |
| | 44966 | (rest)h(with)f(resp)s(ect)i(to)e(the)h(deca)m(ying)709 |
| | 44967 | 307 y(hadron,)h(and)e(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(\014rst)f(particles)e(\(q)i |
| | 44968 | (and)g Fj(X)8 b Fw(\))38 b(are)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(to)i(dev)m(elop)g(a) |
| | 44969 | 709 415 y(sho)m(w)m(er)34 b(if)k Fq(MSTJ\(23\)=1)p Fw(.)236 |
| | 44970 | 523 y Fq(=)52 b(41)g(:)165 b Fw(w)m(eak)46 b(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 44971 | b(,)50 b(where)d(particles)d(are)h(distributed)g(according)g(to)g |
| | 44972 | (phase)h(space,)709 632 y(m)m(ultiplied)31 b(b)m(y)36 |
| | 44973 | b(a)f(factor)g(from)e(the)j(exp)s(ected)h(shap)s(e)e(of)g(the)g(momen)m |
| | 44974 | (tum)f(sp)s(ec-)709 740 y(trum)e(of)g(the)h(direct)f(pro)s(duct)h(of)f |
| | 44975 | (the)h(w)m(eak)h(deca)m(y)g(\(the)f Fj(\027)2922 755 |
| | 44976 | y Fh(\034)2998 740 y Fw(in)e Fj(\034)44 b Fw(deca)m(y\).)236 |
| | 44977 | 848 y Fq(=)52 b(42)g(:)165 b Fw(w)m(eak)44 b(deca)m(y)g(matrix)d |
| | 44978 | (elemen)m(t)i(for)f(quarks)i(and)f(leptons.)74 b(Pro)s(ducts)44 |
| | 44979 | b(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)709 957 y(giv)m(en)30 b(either)h(in)e(terms)i(of)f |
| | 44980 | (quarks)i(or)e(hadrons,)h(or)g(leptons)f(for)g(some)g(c)m(hannels.)709 |
| | 44981 | 1065 y(If)47 b(the)g(sp)s(ectator)g(system)h(is)f(giv)m(en)g(in)f |
| | 44982 | (terms)h(of)g(quarks,)52 b(it)46 b(is)g(assumed)i(to)709 |
| | 44983 | 1173 y(collapse)38 b(in)m(to)h(one)g(particle)f(from)h(the)g(onset.)65 |
| | 44984 | b(If)39 b(the)h(virtual)e(W)j(deca)m(ys)g(in)m(to)709 |
| | 44985 | 1282 y(quarks,)31 b(these)f(quarks)g(are)f(con)m(v)m(erted)i(to)e |
| | 44986 | (particles,)g(according)f(to)h(phase)g(space)709 1390 |
| | 44987 | y(in)i(the)i(W)i(rest)e(frame,)f(as)g(in)g Fq(=11)p Fw(.)44 |
| | 44988 | b(Is)34 b(in)m(tended)f(for)f Fj(\034)11 b Fw(,)33 b(c)m(harm)f(and)h |
| | 44989 | (b)s(ottom.)236 1498 y Fq(=)52 b(43)g(:)165 b Fw(as)34 |
| | 44990 | b Fq(=42)p Fw(,)g(but)g(if)f(the)h(W)h(deca)m(ys)h(in)m(to)c(quarks,)k |
| | 44991 | (these)f(will)c(either)j(app)s(ear)f(as)h(jets)709 1607 |
| | 44992 | y(or,)e(for)g(small)e(masses,)k(collapse)d(in)m(to)h(a)g(one-)h(or)f(t) |
| | 44993 | m(w)m(o-b)s(o)s(dy)h(system.)236 1715 y Fq(=)52 b(44)g(:)165 |
| | 44994 | b Fw(w)m(eak)35 b(deca)m(y)h(matrix)d(elemen)m(t)h(for)g(quarks)h(and)g |
| | 44995 | (leptons,)g(where)g(the)g(sp)s(ectator)709 1823 y(system)h(ma)m(y)f |
| | 44996 | (collapse)f(in)m(to)h(one)g(particle)f(for)h(a)g(small)e(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 44997 | b(arian)m(t)34 b(mass.)52 b(If)35 b(the)709 1932 y(\014rst)26 |
| | 44998 | b(t)m(w)m(o)g(deca)m(y)i(pro)s(ducts)e(are)g(a)g(q)p |
| | 44999 | 2024 1879 V(q)2076 1896 y Fk(0)2125 1932 y Fw(pair,)g(they)h(ma)m(y)e |
| | 45000 | (dev)m(elop)i(a)e(parton)h(sho)m(w)m(er)709 2040 y(if)42 |
| | 45001 | b Fq(MSTJ\(23\)=1)p Fw(.)58 b(Is)37 b(in)m(tended)g(for)f(top)h(and)f |
| | 45002 | (b)s(ey)m(ond,)j(but)e(largely)e(sup)s(erseded)709 2148 |
| | 45003 | y(b)m(y)e(the)g(follo)m(wing)d(option.)236 2257 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 45004 | b(45)g(:)165 b Fw(w)m(eak)34 b(deca)m(y)h(q)30 b Fn(!)f |
| | 45005 | Fw(Wq)1586 2221 y Fk(0)1644 2257 y Fw(or)k Fj(`)c Fn(!)g |
| | 45006 | Fw(W)q Fj(\027)2112 2272 y Fh(`)2146 2257 y Fw(,)k(where)i(the)f(W)h |
| | 45007 | (is)e(registered)h(as)g(a)f(deca)m(y)709 2365 y(pro)s(duct)44 |
| | 45008 | b(and)g(subsequen)m(tly)j(treated)d(with)g Fq(MDME=46)p |
| | 45009 | Fw(.)79 b(T)-8 b(o)44 b(distinguish)f(from)709 2473 y(ordinary)34 |
| | 45010 | b(W)q('s)h(on)g(the)g(mass)f(shell,)h(co)s(de)g(KF=)30 |
| | 45011 | b Fn(\006)p Fw(89)35 b(is)f(used.)50 b(The)36 b(virtual)d(W)709 |
| | 45012 | 2582 y(mass)k(is)g(selected)i(according)e(to)g(the)h(standard)g(w)m |
| | 45013 | (eak)h(deca)m(y)g(matrix)d(elemen)m(t,)709 2690 y(times)g(the)h(W)h |
| | 45014 | (propagator)e(\(for)g Fq(MSTJ\(25\)=1)p Fw(\).)59 b(There)38 |
| | 45015 | b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(or)g(three)709 2798 y(deca)m(y)k(pro)s |
| | 45016 | (ducts;)k(if)38 b(a)i(third)f(this)h(is)f(a)h(sp)s(ectator)h(tak)m(en)f |
| | 45017 | (to)g(sit)g(at)f(rest.)67 b(The)709 2907 y(sp)s(ectator)32 |
| | 45018 | b(system)h(ma)m(y)f(collapse)f(in)m(to)h(one)g(particle.)42 |
| | 45019 | b(Is)33 b(in)m(tended)g(for)e(top)h(and)709 3015 y(b)s(ey)m(ond.)236 |
| | 45020 | 3123 y Fq(=)52 b(46)g(:)165 b Fw(W)23 b(\(KF)f(=)f(89\))h(deca)m(y)h |
| | 45021 | (in)m(to)f(q)p 1786 3071 V(q)1838 3087 y Fk(0)1883 3123 |
| | 45022 | y Fw(or)g Fj(`\027)2081 3138 y Fh(`)2136 3123 y Fw(according)f(to)h |
| | 45023 | (relativ)m(e)f(probabilities)e(giv)m(en)709 3232 y(b)m(y)24 |
| | 45024 | b(couplings)e(\(as)h(stored)h(in)e(the)h Fq(BRAT)i Fw(v)m(ector\))f |
| | 45025 | (times)e(a)h(dynamical)e(phase-space)709 3340 y(factor)41 |
| | 45026 | b(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(the)g(curren)m(t)g(W)h(mass.)70 |
| | 45027 | b(In)42 b(the)g(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)44 b(the)e(correct)g |
| | 45028 | Fj(V)50 b Fn(\000)28 b Fj(A)709 3448 y Fw(angular)k(distribution)f(is)i |
| | 45029 | (generated)h(if)e(the)i(W)h(origin)c(is)i(kno)m(wn)i(\(hea)m(vy)g |
| | 45030 | (quark)709 3557 y(or)29 b(lepton\).)42 b(This)31 b(is)e(therefore)i |
| | 45031 | (the)f(second)i(step)f(of)e(a)h(deca)m(y)h(with)f Fq(MDME=45)p |
| | 45032 | Fw(.)44 b(A)709 3665 y(q)p 760 3612 V(q)812 3629 y Fk(0)867 |
| | 45033 | 3665 y Fw(pair)32 b(ma)m(y)g(subsequen)m(tly)k(dev)m(elop)d(a)f(sho)m |
| | 45034 | (w)m(er)i(if)39 b Fq(MSTJ\(23\)=1)p Fw(.)236 3774 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 45035 | b(48)g(:)165 b Fw(as)32 b Fq(=42)p Fw(,)i(but)f(require)g(at)f(least)g |
| | 45036 | (three)h(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(ducts.)236 3882 y Fq(=)52 b(84)g(-)f(88)h(:) |
| | 45037 | 47 b Fw(map)38 b(the)g(deca)m(y)i(of)d(this)h(particle)f(on)m(to)h(the) |
| | 45038 | g(generic)g(c,)i(b,)g(t,)f(l)e(or)h(h)g(deca)m(y)709 |
| | 45039 | 3990 y(mo)s(des)32 b(de\014ned)i(for)e(K)m(C=84{88.)236 |
| | 45040 | 4099 y Fq(=)52 b(101)g(:)114 b Fw(this)36 b(is)h(not)f(a)h(prop)s(er)g |
| | 45041 | (deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannel,)g(but)f(only)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(considered)h(as)f |
| | 45042 | (a)g(con-)709 4207 y(tin)m(uation)29 b(line)g(for)h(the)g(deca)m(y)i |
| | 45043 | (pro)s(duct)f(listing)d(of)i(the)h(immediately)c(preceding)709 |
| | 45044 | 4315 y(c)m(hannel.)43 b(Since)31 b(the)h Fq(KFDP)g Fw(arra)m(y)f(can)h |
| | 45045 | (con)m(tain)e(\014v)m(e)j(deca)m(y)f(pro)s(ducts)g(p)s(er)f(c)m(han-) |
| | 45046 | 709 4424 y(nel,)h(with)h(this)f(co)s(de)h(it)f(is)g(p)s(ossible)h(to)f |
| | 45047 | (de\014ne)i(c)m(hannels)g(with)e(up)h(to)g(ten)g(deca)m(y)709 |
| | 45048 | 4532 y(pro)s(ducts.)52 b(It)36 b(is)f(not)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(ha)m |
| | 45049 | (v)m(e)h(sev)m(eral)g(con)m(tin)m(uation)f(lines)f(after)i(eac)m(h)709 |
| | 45050 | 4640 y(other.)236 4749 y Fq(=)52 b(102)g(:)114 b Fw(this)23 |
| | 45051 | b(is)g(not)g(a)h(prop)s(er)f(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannel)f(for)f(a)g(deca)m |
| | 45052 | (ying)h(particle)e(on)i(the)g(mass)f(shell)709 4857 y(\(or)29 |
| | 45053 | b(nearly)h(so\),)g(and)g(is)g(therefore)g(assigned)h(branc)m(hing)e |
| | 45054 | (ratio)g(0.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)29 b(a)h(particle)709 4965 |
| | 45055 | y(o\013)41 b(the)h(mass)g(shell,)h(this)f(deca)m(y)h(mo)s(de)e(is)g |
| | 45056 | (allo)m(w)m(ed,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)73 b(By)42 b(including)709 |
| | 45057 | 5074 y(this)36 b(c)m(hannel)h(among)e(the)i(others,)i(the)e(switc)m |
| | 45058 | (hes)h Fq(MDME\(IDC,1\))h Fw(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)f(used)709 |
| | 45059 | 5182 y(to)i(allo)m(w)f(or)i(forbid)e(these)j(c)m(hannels)g(in)e(hard)g |
| | 45060 | (pro)s(cesses,)43 b(with)38 b(cross)i(sections)709 5290 |
| | 45061 | y(to)31 b(b)s(e)g(calculated)g(separately)-8 b(.)43 b(As)32 |
| | 45062 | b(an)g(example,)f Fj(\015)i Fn(!)27 b Fw(u)p 2862 5237 |
| | 45063 | 55 4 v(u)32 b(is)f(not)g(p)s(ossible)g(for)g(a)709 5399 |
| | 45064 | y(massless)i(photon,)f(but)h(is)f(an)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(c)m(hannel)h(in) |
| | 45065 | e(e)2724 5363 y Fl(+)2784 5399 y Fw(e)2827 5363 y Fk(\000)2919 |
| | 45066 | 5399 y Fw(annihilation.)0 5561 y Fq(BRAT\(IDC\))54 b(:)47 |
| | 45067 | b Fw(giv)m(e)e(branc)m(hing)g(ratios)f(for)h(the)h(di\013eren)m(t)f |
| | 45068 | (deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannels.)82 b(In)45 b(principle,)i(the)1817 |
| | 45069 | 5953 y(283)p eop |
| | 45070 | %%Page: 284 290 |
| | 45071 | 284 289 bop 472 -18 a Fw(sum)40 b(of)f(branc)m(hing)h(ratios)e(for)h(a) |
| | 45072 | g(giv)m(en)h(particle)f(should)g(b)s(e)h(unit)m(y)-8 |
| | 45073 | b(.)64 b(Since)40 b(the)g(pro-)472 90 y(gram)h(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)j(has)e |
| | 45074 | (to)g(calculate)f(the)h(sum)g(of)f(branc)m(hing)h(ratios)f(left)g(op)s |
| | 45075 | (en)h(b)m(y)h(the)472 198 y Fq(MDME\(IDC,1\))32 b Fw(v)-5 |
| | 45076 | b(alues)29 b(and)g(normalize)d(to)j(that,)g(y)m(ou)g(need)h(not)f |
| | 45077 | (explicitly)e(ensure)j(this)472 307 y(normalization,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m |
| | 45078 | (er.)51 b(\(W)-8 b(arnings)34 b(are)g(prin)m(ted)h(in)e |
| | 45079 | Fq(LUUPDA\(2\))k Fw(calls)c(if)g(the)i(sum)472 415 y(is)27 |
| | 45080 | b(not)h(unit)m(y)-8 b(,)28 b(but)g(this)f(is)g(en)m(tirely)g(in)m |
| | 45081 | (tended)i(as)e(a)h(help)f(for)g(\014nding)g(user)h(mist)m(ypings.\))472 |
| | 45082 | 523 y(F)-8 b(or)32 b(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannels)g(with)e |
| | 45083 | Fq(MDME\(IDC,2\))p Fj(>)e Fw(80)i(the)h Fq(BRAT)h Fw(v)-5 |
| | 45084 | b(alues)32 b(are)h(dumm)m(y)-8 b(.)0 686 y Fq(KFDP\(IDC,J\))54 |
| | 45085 | b(:)48 b Fw(con)m(tain)33 b(the)h(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(ducts)g(in)e(the)h |
| | 45086 | (di\013eren)m(t)g(c)m(hannels,)h(with)f(\014v)m(e)h(p)s(ositions)472 |
| | 45087 | 794 y Fq(J=)d Fw(1{5)e(reserv)m(ed)j(for)d(eac)m(h)h(c)m(hannel)h(IDC.) |
| | 45088 | e(The)i(deca)m(y)g(pro)s(ducts)g(are)e(giv)m(en)h(follo)m(wing)472 |
| | 45089 | 902 y(the)26 b(standard)f(KF)f(co)s(de)h(for)f(jets)h(and)g(particles,) |
| | 45090 | h(with)e(0)h(for)f(trailing)d(empt)m(y)26 b(p)s(ositions.)472 |
| | 45091 | 1011 y(Note)32 b(that)f(the)g Fq(MDME\(IDC+1,2\)=101)36 |
| | 45092 | b Fw(option)30 b(allo)m(ws)g(y)m(ou)i(to)e(double)h(the)h(maxim)m(um) |
| | 45093 | 472 1119 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)f(deca)m(y)h(pro)s(duct)g(in)e(a)h(giv) |
| | 45094 | m(en)g(c)m(hannel)h(from)e(5)h(to)g(10,)g(with)f(the)i(\014v)m(e)g |
| | 45095 | (latter)472 1227 y(pro)s(ducts)g(stored)f Fq(KFDP\(IDC+1,J\))p |
| | 45096 | Fw(.)p 0 1372 1338 9 v 0 1730 9 359 v 79 1518 a Fq |
| | 45097 | (COMMON/LUDAT4/CHAF\(500\))79 1627 y(CHARACTER)54 b(CHAF*8)p |
| | 45098 | 1329 1730 V 0 1738 1338 9 v 0 1870 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 |
| | 45099 | b Fw(to)32 b(giv)m(e)h(access)h(to)e(c)m(haracter)h(t)m(yp)s(e)h(v)-5 |
| | 45100 | b(ariables.)0 2033 y Fq(CHAF)52 b(:)165 b Fw(particle)32 |
| | 45101 | b(names)g(\(excluding)h(c)m(harge\))g(according)f(to)g(K)m(C)h(co)s |
| | 45102 | (de.)0 2307 y Fp(14.7)136 b(Miscellaneous)46 b(Commen)l(ts)0 |
| | 45103 | 2479 y Fw(The)30 b(previous)g(sections)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(dealt)f(with)g |
| | 45104 | (the)g(subroutine)h(options)e(and)i(v)-5 b(ariables)27 |
| | 45105 | b(one)j(at)f(a)g(time.)0 2588 y(This)i(is)g(certainly)f(imp)s(ortan)m |
| | 45106 | (t,)f(but)j(for)e(a)h(full)e(use)j(of)f(the)g(capabilities)e(of)h(the)i |
| | 45107 | (program,)e(it)g(is)g(also)0 2696 y(necessary)39 b(to)d(understand)j |
| | 45108 | (ho)m(w)e(to)f(mak)m(e)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(pieces)h(w)m(ork)f(together.) |
| | 45109 | 56 b(This)37 b(is)f(something)0 2804 y(that)24 b(cannot)g(b)s(e)g |
| | 45110 | (explained)f(fully)g(in)g(a)h(man)m(ual,)g(but)g(m)m(ust)g(also)f(b)s |
| | 45111 | (e)h(learn)m(t)f(b)m(y)i(trial)d(and)i(error.)40 b(This)0 |
| | 45112 | 2913 y(section)28 b(con)m(tains)g(some)g(examples)h(of)e(relationships) |
| | 45113 | g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(subroutines,)g(common)d(blo)s(c)m(ks)h(and)0 |
| | 45114 | 3021 y(parameters.)58 b(It)38 b(also)f(con)m(tains)g(commen)m(ts)h(on)f |
| | 45115 | (issues)i(that)e(did)g(not)g(\014t)h(in)f(naturally)e(an)m(ywhere)0 |
| | 45116 | 3129 y(else,)e(but)g(still)d(migh)m(t)h(b)s(e)i(useful)f(to)h(ha)m(v)m |
| | 45117 | (e)h(on)e(record.)0 3377 y Fo(14.7.1)113 b(In)m(terfacing)36 |
| | 45118 | b(to)h(detector)g(sim)m(ulation)0 3550 y Fw(V)-8 b(ery)34 |
| | 45119 | b(often,)f(the)h(output)f(of)g(the)g(program)f(is)h(to)f(b)s(e)i(fed)f |
| | 45120 | (in)m(to)f(a)h(subsequen)m(t)j(detector)e(sim)m(ulation)0 |
| | 45121 | 3658 y(program.)89 b(It)49 b(therefore)g(b)s(ecomes)g(necessary)h(to)e |
| | 45122 | (set)h(up)g(an)f(in)m(terface)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)f |
| | 45123 | Fq(LUJETS)0 3766 y Fw(common)35 b(blo)s(c)m(k)h(and)g(the)h(detector)g |
| | 45124 | (mo)s(del.)53 b(Preferrably)36 b(this)g(should)h(b)s(e)f(done)h(via)e |
| | 45125 | (the)i Fq(HEPEVT)0 3875 y Fw(standard)c(common)f(blo)s(c)m(k,)h(see)h |
| | 45126 | (section)f(5.4,)f(but)h(sometimes)f(this)h(ma)m(y)f(not)h(b)s(e)g(con)m |
| | 45127 | (v)m(enien)m(t.)46 b(If)33 b(a)0 3983 y Fq(LUEDIT\(2\))24 |
| | 45128 | b Fw(call)c(is)i(made,)i(the)e(remaining)e(en)m(tries)i(exactly)g |
| | 45129 | (corresp)s(ond)h(to)f(those)g(an)g(ideal)f(detector)0 |
| | 45130 | 4091 y(could)35 b(see:)49 b(all)33 b(non-deca)m(y)m(ed)k(particles,)e |
| | 45131 | (with)g(the)g(exception)h(of)f(neutrinos.)51 b(The)36 |
| | 45132 | b(translation)d(of)0 4200 y(momen)m(ta)27 b(should)g(b)s(e)h(trivial)d |
| | 45133 | (\(if)i(need)i(b)s(e,)g(a)e Fq(LUROBO)j Fw(call)c(can)i(b)s(e)g(made)f |
| | 45134 | (to)h(rotate)f(the)h(`preferred')0 4308 y Fj(z)42 b Fw(direction)35 |
| | 45135 | b(to)i(whatev)m(er)i(is)d(the)h(longitudinal)d(direction)h(of)i(the)g |
| | 45136 | (detector\),)i(and)e(so)g(should)g(the)0 4416 y(translation)d(of)i |
| | 45137 | (particle)f(co)s(des.)55 b(In)36 b(particular,)f(if)g(the)i(detector)g |
| | 45138 | (sim)m(ulation)c(program)i(also)g(uses)0 4525 y(the)42 |
| | 45139 | b(standard)f(P)m(article)g(Data)f(Group)h(co)s(des,)j(no)d(con)m(v)m |
| | 45140 | (ersion)i(at)d(all)g(is)g(needed.)71 b(The)43 b(problem)0 |
| | 45141 | 4633 y(then)35 b(is)g(to)f(select)h(whic)m(h)g(particles)f(are)h(allo)m |
| | 45142 | (w)m(ed)f(to)g(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)37 b(and)e(ho)m(w)g(deca)m(y)h(v)m |
| | 45143 | (ertex)h(information)0 4742 y(should)32 b(b)s(e)h(used.)146 |
| | 45144 | 4850 y(Sev)m(eral)26 b(switc)m(hes)h(regulate)e(whic)m(h)g(particles)g |
| | 45145 | (are)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)42 b(First,)26 |
| | 45146 | b(the)g(master)f(switc)m(h)0 4958 y Fq(MSTJ\(21\))40 |
| | 45147 | b Fw(can)f(b)s(e)f(used)i(to)e(switc)m(h)h(on/o\013)e(all)f(deca)m(ys)k |
| | 45148 | (\(and)f(it)e(also)g(con)m(tains)h(a)g(c)m(hoice)h(of)f(ho)m(w)0 |
| | 45149 | 5067 y(fragmen)m(tation)c(should)j(b)s(e)f(in)m(terfaced\).)55 |
| | 45150 | b(Second,)38 b(a)e(particle)f(m)m(ust)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(deca)m(y)h(mo)s |
| | 45151 | (des)e(de\014ned)0 5175 y(for)g(it,)i(i.e.)56 b(the)37 |
| | 45152 | b(corresp)s(onding)i Fq(MDCY\(KC,2\))g Fw(and)e Fq(MDCY\(KC,3\))j |
| | 45153 | Fw(en)m(tries)e(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(non-zero)g(for)0 5283 |
| | 45154 | y(compressed)44 b(co)s(de)e Fq(KC)52 b(=)f(LUCOMP\(KF\))p |
| | 45155 | Fw(.)45 b(This)e(is)e(true)i(for)f(all)e(colour)h(neutral)g(particles)h |
| | 45156 | (except)0 5392 y(the)37 b(neutrinos,)h(the)f(photon,)h(the)g(proton)e |
| | 45157 | (and)h(the)g(neutron.)57 b(\(This)37 b(statemen)m(t)g(is)f(actually)g |
| | 45158 | (not)0 5500 y(fully)d(correct,)i(since)f(irrelev)-5 b(an)m(t)33 |
| | 45159 | b(`deca)m(y)i(mo)s(des')f(with)g Fq(MDME\(IDC,2\)=102)k |
| | 45160 | Fw(exist)c(in)f(some)h(cases.\))1817 5953 y(284)p eop |
| | 45161 | %%Page: 285 291 |
| | 45162 | 285 290 bop 0 -18 a Fw(Third,)36 b(the)g(individual)d(switc)m(h)k(in)d |
| | 45163 | Fq(MDCY\(KC,1\))39 b Fw(m)m(ust)c(b)s(e)h(on.)52 b(Of)36 |
| | 45164 | b(all)d(the)j(particles)f(with)g(deca)m(y)0 90 y(mo)s(des)d(de\014ned,) |
| | 45165 | i(only)e Fj(\026)937 54 y Fk(\006)996 90 y Fw(,)h Fj(\031)1115 |
| | 45166 | 54 y Fk(\006)1174 90 y Fw(,)f(K)1309 54 y Fk(\006)1401 |
| | 45167 | 90 y Fw(and)g(K)1666 54 y Fl(0)1666 114 y(L)1747 90 y |
| | 45168 | Fw(are)h(b)m(y)g(default)f(considered)h(stable.)146 198 |
| | 45169 | y(Finally)-8 b(,)39 b(if)46 b Fq(MSTJ\(22\))41 b Fw(do)s(es)f(not)g(ha) |
| | 45170 | m(v)m(e)h(its)e(default)g(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(1,)i(c)m(hec)m(ks)i(are)c |
| | 45171 | (also)g(made)g(on)h(the)0 307 y(lifetime)22 b(of)j(a)g(particle)f(b)s |
| | 45172 | (efore)i(it)e(is)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)g(deca)m(y)-8 b(.)42 |
| | 45173 | b(In)26 b(the)f(simplest)g(alternativ)m(e,)h Fq(MSTJ\(22\)=2)p |
| | 45174 | Fw(,)0 415 y(the)36 b(comparison)e(is)g(based)i(on)f(the)h(a)m(v)m |
| | 45175 | (erage)g(lifetime,)d(or)i(rather)g Fj(c\034)11 b Fw(,)36 |
| | 45176 | b(measured)g(in)e(mm.)50 b(Th)m(us)37 b(if)0 523 y(the)i(limit)c |
| | 45177 | Fq(PARJ\(71\))40 b Fw(is)e(\(the)h(default\))f(10)g(mm,)g(then)h(deca)m |
| | 45178 | (ys)i(of)d(K)2651 487 y Fl(0)2651 548 y(S)2694 523 y |
| | 45179 | Fw(,)i(\003,)g(\006)2966 487 y Fk(\000)3025 523 y Fw(,)g(\006)3162 |
| | 45180 | 487 y Fl(+)3221 523 y Fw(,)g(\004)3353 487 y Fk(\000)3413 |
| | 45181 | 523 y Fw(,)f(\004)3544 487 y Fl(0)3622 523 y Fw(and)0 |
| | 45182 | 632 y(\012)70 595 y Fk(\000)164 632 y Fw(are)34 b(all)f(switc)m(hed)i |
| | 45183 | (o\013,)g(but)f(c)m(harm)h(and)f(b)s(ottom)f(still)f(deca)m(y)-8 |
| | 45184 | b(.)50 b(No)34 b Fj(c\034)46 b Fw(v)-5 b(alues)35 b(b)s(elo)m(w)f(1)g |
| | 45185 | (micron)0 740 y(are)f(de\014ned.)47 b(With)33 b(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h |
| | 45186 | (options)f Fq(MSTJ\(22\)=)i Fw(3)e(or)g(4,)g(a)g(spherical)g(or)g |
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| | 45285 | %%Page: 286 292 |
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| | 45355 | b(alues)46 b(stored)h(in)f Fq(PARF)p Fw(.)h(F)-8 b(or)46 |
| | 45356 | b(the)0 3652 y(hea)m(vier)40 b(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g(top,)h(lo)m(w)e(and)g |
| | 45357 | (high,)i(the)e(curren)m(t)i Fq(PMAS)f Fw(v)-5 b(alues)39 |
| | 45358 | b(are)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(used.)65 b(F)-8 b(or)38 b(these)0 |
| | 45359 | 3761 y(\015a)m(v)m(ours,)44 b(the)c(only)g(individually)e(de\014ned)j |
| | 45360 | (hadrons)g(are)f(the)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(neutral)f Fj(\021)t |
| | 45361 | Fw(,)i(\002,)g(h)3400 3776 y Fl(1)3440 3761 y Fw(,)g |
| | 45362 | Fj(\037)3570 3776 y Fl(0)3610 3761 y Fw(,)g Fj(\037)3740 |
| | 45363 | 3776 y Fl(1)0 3869 y Fw(and)48 b Fj(\037)266 3884 y Fl(2)353 |
| | 45364 | 3869 y Fw(states.)91 b(A)48 b(complete)f(c)m(hange)i(of)e(top)h(mass)g |
| | 45365 | (in)f(the)h(program)f(th)m(us)i(requires)f(c)m(hang-)0 |
| | 45366 | 3977 y(ing)38 b Fq(PMAS\(6,1\))p Fw(,)k Fq(PMAS\(LUCOMP\(661\),1\))p |
| | 45367 | Fw(,)j Fq(PMAS\(LUCOMP\(663\),1\))p Fw(,)f Fq(PMAS\(LUCOMP\(665\),1\))p |
| | 45368 | Fw(,)0 4086 y Fq(PMAS\(LUCOMP\(10661\),1\))p Fw(,)32 |
| | 45369 | b Fq(PMAS\(LUCOMP\(10663\),1\))e Fw(and)25 b Fq |
| | 45370 | (PMAS\(LUCOMP\(20663\),1\))p Fw(.)46 b(Since)0 4194 y(the)40 |
| | 45371 | b(latter)f(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our-diagonal)f(states)j(are)e(not)h |
| | 45372 | (normally)d(pro)s(duced)j(in)f(fragmen)m(tation,)g(it)0 |
| | 45373 | 4302 y(w)m(ould)33 b(b)s(e)f(no)h(disaster)g(to)f(forget)g(c)m(hanging) |
| | 45374 | g(their)g(masses.)146 4411 y(Most)40 b(particles)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 45375 | (separately)f(de\014ned)h(deca)m(y)h(c)m(hannels.)63 |
| | 45376 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)43 b(there)d(are)e(so)h(man)m(y)0 |
| | 45377 | 4519 y(hea)m(vy-\015a)m(v)m(our)c(hadrons)e(with)f(common)f(deca)m(y)j |
| | 45378 | (desciptions,)e(that)h(a)f(few)h(`pseudoparticles')g(ha)m(v)m(e)0 |
| | 45379 | 4627 y(b)s(een)46 b(in)m(tro)s(duced)f(for)g(generic)g(deca)m(ys.)84 |
| | 45380 | b(The)46 b(most)e(frequen)m(tly)j(used)f(ones)g(are)f(84)g(for)g(c)m |
| | 45381 | (harm)0 4736 y(deca)m(ys,)27 b(85)22 b(for)g(b)s(ottom)f(deca)m(ys)j |
| | 45382 | (and)f(86)f(for)g(top)h(deca)m(ys.)42 b(Instead)23 b(of)g(a)f(long)f |
| | 45383 | (list)g(of)h(deca)m(y)i(c)m(hannels,)0 4844 y(sev)m(eral)41 |
| | 45384 | b(b)s(ottom)f(and)h(c)m(harm)f(bary)m(ons)i(and)f(all)d(top)j(hadrons)g |
| | 45385 | (therefore)h(only)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(one)f(`deca)m(y)0 4952 |
| | 45386 | y(c)m(hannel',)h(whic)m(h)e(is)f(the)h(instruction)e(to)h(mak)m(e)h |
| | 45387 | (use)g(of)f(the)h(deca)m(y)h(data)e(for)g(particle)f(84/85/86.)0 |
| | 45388 | 5061 y(The)33 b(sp)s(ectator)f(quark)h(of)e(the)h(generic)g(deca)m(y)h |
| | 45389 | (c)m(hannels)g(is)e(found)h(as)g(the)g(ligh)m(t)e(quark/diquark)j(of)0 |
| | 45390 | 5169 y(the)g(hadron)g(considered.)45 b(All)31 b(the)i(mesons)g(in)f |
| | 45391 | (the)h(b)s(ottom)e(and)i(c)m(harm)g(sectors)h(are)f(individually)0 |
| | 45392 | 5277 y(de\014ned,)j(as)e(are)h(the)f(\003)888 5292 y |
| | 45393 | Fl(c)957 5277 y Fw(and)h(\003)1217 5292 y Fl(b)1294 5277 |
| | 45394 | y Fw(states.)49 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(top)h(and)g(hea)m(vier)h(hadrons,)g |
| | 45395 | (the)g(deca)m(y)g(is)f(lik)m(ely)f(to)0 5386 y(b)s(e)e(so)f(fast)g |
| | 45396 | (that)g(no)h(hadrons)f(at)g(all)f(are)h(pro)s(duced,)i(but)e(if)f(they) |
| | 45397 | j(are,)f(the)f(generic)h(pseudoparticle)0 5494 y(approac)m(h)i(is)f(a)g |
| | 45398 | (go)s(o)s(d)g(appro)m(ximation.)146 5602 y(The)j(program)d(con)m(tains) |
| | 45399 | i(space)g(so)g(that)f(additional)e(new)j(particles)f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h |
| | 45400 | (in)m(tro)s(duced.)47 b(Al-)1817 5953 y(286)p eop |
| | 45401 | %%Page: 287 293 |
| | 45402 | 287 292 bop 0 -18 a Fw(though)33 b(not)h(completely)e(trivial,)f(this)i |
| | 45403 | (should)g(not)g(b)s(e)h(b)s(ey)m(ond)g(the)g(abilit)m(y)e(of)g(an)i |
| | 45404 | (ordinary)e(user.)0 90 y(Basically)-8 b(,)43 b(three)g(steps)h(are)f |
| | 45405 | (in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed.)73 b(First,)44 b(a)f(mec)m(hanism)e(of)h(pro)s |
| | 45406 | (duction)g(has)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(in)m(tro-)0 198 y(duced.)63 |
| | 45407 | b(This)39 b(pro)s(duction)f(ma)m(y)h(w)m(ell)f(tak)m(e)h(place)g(in)f |
| | 45408 | (another)g(program,)h(lik)m(e)f Fm(Pythia)h Fw(or)g(some)0 |
| | 45409 | 307 y(user-written)c(corresp)s(ondence,)j(where)e(matrix)d(elemen)m(ts) |
| | 45410 | i(are)g(used)h(to)f(select)g(the)g(hard)g(pro)s(cess.)0 |
| | 45411 | 415 y(In)c(this)g(case)g(the)g(new)h(particle)e(already)g(exists)i(in)e |
| | 45412 | (the)h Fq(LUJETS)h Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k)g(when)i Fm(Jetset)e |
| | 45413 | Fw(is)0 523 y(called.)40 b(A)26 b(new)h(particle,)g(meson,)g(bary)m(on) |
| | 45414 | g(or)f(glueball,)f(ma)m(y)h(also)f(b)s(e)h(a)g(part)g(of)g(the)g |
| | 45415 | (fragmen)m(tation)0 632 y(pro)s(cess,)42 b(in)d(whic)m(h)h(case)g |
| | 45416 | Fq(LUKFDI)h Fw(w)m(ould)f(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to)f(b)s(e)h(suitably)f(mo)s |
| | 45417 | (di\014ed.)62 b(The)41 b(particle)d(migh)m(t)0 740 y(also)d(app)s(ear)h |
| | 45418 | (as)g(a)f(deca)m(y)i(pro)s(duct)f(from)f(some)h(already)f(existing)g |
| | 45419 | (particle,)g(and)h(then)h(the)f(deca)m(y)0 848 y(data)28 |
| | 45420 | b(in)g Fq(/LUDAT3/)i Fw(w)m(ould)f(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(expanded;) |
| | 45421 | k(conceiv)-5 b(ably)28 b(also)g Fq(LUDECY)i Fw(w)m(ould)e(b)s(e)h |
| | 45422 | (a\013ected.)146 957 y(The)j(second)g(step)g(is)e(to)g(teac)m(h)i(to)e |
| | 45423 | (program)f(to)i(recognize)g(the)g(new)g(particle.)42 |
| | 45424 | b(If)31 b(a)f(KF)g(co)s(de)h(in)0 1065 y(the)h(range)f(41)g(to)g(80)f |
| | 45425 | (is)h(used,)i(this)e(is)g(automatically)c(tak)m(en)33 |
| | 45426 | b(care)e(of,)h(and)f(in)f(particular)g(the)i(com-)0 1173 |
| | 45427 | y(pressed)j(co)s(de)f(K)m(C)f(coincides)g(with)g(KF.)g(If)g(a)g(whole)g |
| | 45428 | (sequence)i(of)e(particles)f(is)h(to)g(b)s(e)g(in)m(tro)s(duced,)0 |
| | 45429 | 1282 y(with)39 b(KF)g(co)s(des)h(paralleling)c(that)j(of)f(ordinary)h |
| | 45430 | (mesons/bary)m(ons)i(\(a)e(sup)s(ersymmetric)g(`meson')0 |
| | 45431 | 1390 y(m)m(ultiplet,)f(made)h(of)g(a)g(squark)i(plus)e(an)g(an)m |
| | 45432 | (tiquark,)i(sa)m(y\),)h(then)e Fq(LUCOMP)h Fw(m)m(ust)e(b)s(e)h(mo)s |
| | 45433 | (di\014ed)e(to)0 1498 y(include)30 b(a)h(mapping)e(from)h(these)i(KF)e |
| | 45434 | (v)-5 b(alues)31 b(to)f(curren)m(tly)i(un)m(used)h(K)m(C)e(ones,)h(lik) |
| | 45435 | m(e)e(the)h(range)g(401)0 1607 y(-)j(500.)50 b(It)35 |
| | 45436 | b(is)g(the)g(presence)i(of)e(suc)m(h)h(a)f(mapping)e(that)i(the)g |
| | 45437 | (program)f(uses)i(to)e(accept)i(a)f(giv)m(en)g(KF)0 1715 |
| | 45438 | y(co)s(de)e(as)g(b)s(ona)f(\014de.)146 1823 y(The)h(third)f(and)g |
| | 45439 | (\014nal)f(step)i(is)e(to)h(de\014ne)h(the)f(prop)s(erties)g(of)g(this) |
| | 45440 | f(new)i(particle.)42 b(Th)m(us)34 b(particle)0 1932 y(c)m(harge)45 |
| | 45441 | b(information)c(m)m(ust)k(b)s(e)f(giv)m(en)h(in)f Fq(KCHG)p |
| | 45442 | Fw(,)h(mass,)j(width)c(and)g(lifetime)e(in)h Fq(PMAS)p |
| | 45443 | Fw(,)j(particle)0 2040 y(name)39 b(in)g Fq(CHAF)p Fw(,)i(and)f(deca)m |
| | 45444 | (y)h(data)e(in)g(the)h Fq(MDCY)p Fw(,)h Fq(MDME)p Fw(,)g |
| | 45445 | Fq(BRAT)f Fw(and)g Fq(KFDP)h Fw(arra)m(ys.)65 b(This)40 |
| | 45446 | b(pro)s(cess)0 2148 y(is)32 b(most)g(con)m(v)m(enien)m(tly)i(carried)e |
| | 45447 | (out)h(b)m(y)h(using)f Fq(LUUPDA\(1\))i Fw(to)e(pro)s(duce)g(a)f(table) |
| | 45448 | g(of)g(particle)g(data,)0 2257 y(whic)m(h)g(can)f(then)g(b)s(e)h(mo)s |
| | 45449 | (di\014ed,)e(and)h(afterw)m(ards)h(read)f(bac)m(k)h(in)e(with)h |
| | 45450 | Fq(LUUPDA\(2\))p Fw(.)45 b(Note)31 b(that)g(the)0 2365 |
| | 45451 | y(particle)g(data)h(is)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(in)m(tro)s(duced)f(for)g(the)h |
| | 45452 | (compressed)h(co)s(de)f(K)m(C,)g(not)g(for)f(KF)g(prop)s(er.)0 |
| | 45453 | 2638 y Fp(14.8)136 b(Examples)0 2811 y Fw(A)33 b(10)f(GeV)g(u)h(quark)g |
| | 45454 | (jet)g(going)e(out)i(along)e(the)i(+)p Fj(z)k Fw(axis)32 |
| | 45455 | b(is)g(generated)i(with)308 2998 y Fq(CALL)52 b |
| | 45456 | (LU1ENT\(0,2,10.,0.,0.\))0 3186 y Fw(Note)35 b(that)g(suc)m(h)h(a)f |
| | 45457 | (single)f(jet)h(is)f(not)h(required)g(to)g(conserv)m(e)i(energy)-8 |
| | 45458 | b(,)37 b(momen)m(tum)c(or)i(\015a)m(v)m(our.)51 b(In)0 |
| | 45459 | 3294 y(the)45 b(generation)f(sc)m(heme,)49 b(particles)44 |
| | 45460 | b(with)g(negativ)m(e)h Fj(p)2128 3309 y Fh(z)2213 3294 |
| | 45461 | y Fw(are)f(pro)s(duced)i(as)f(w)m(ell,)i(but)e(these)g(are)0 |
| | 45462 | 3403 y(automatically)c(rejected)46 b(unless)g Fq(MSTJ\(3\)=-1)p |
| | 45463 | Fw(.)82 b(While)44 b(frequen)m(tly)i(used)f(in)f(former)g(da)m(ys,)49 |
| | 45464 | b(the)0 3511 y(one-jet)32 b(generation)g(option)g(is)g(not)g(of)g(m)m |
| | 45465 | (uc)m(h)i(curren)m(t)f(in)m(terest.)146 3619 y(In)40 |
| | 45466 | b(e.g.)64 b(a)39 b(leptopro)s(duction)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(a)e(t)m(ypical)g |
| | 45467 | (situation)f(could)h(b)s(e)g(a)g(u)h(quark)g(going)e(out)h(in)0 |
| | 45468 | 3728 y(the)i(+)p Fj(z)k Fw(direction)39 b(and)h(a)h(ud)1151 |
| | 45469 | 3743 y Fl(0)1231 3728 y Fw(target)f(remnan)m(t)g(essen)m(tially)g(at)g |
| | 45470 | (rest.)67 b(\(Suc)m(h)42 b(a)e(pro)s(cess)i(can)e(b)s(e)0 |
| | 45471 | 3836 y(sim)m(ulated)30 b(b)m(y)k Fm(Pythia)p Fw(,)e(but)g(here)g(w)m(e) |
| | 45472 | h(illustrate)c(ho)m(w)j(to)f(do)h(part)f(of)g(it)g(y)m(ourself.\))43 |
| | 45473 | b(The)33 b(simplest)0 3944 y(pro)s(cedure)c(is)f(probably)g(to)g(treat) |
| | 45474 | h(the)g(pro)s(cess)g(in)f(the)h(c.m.)42 b(frame)27 b(and)i(b)s(o)s(ost) |
| | 45475 | f(it)f(to)h(the)h(lab)e(frame)0 4053 y(afterw)m(ards.)43 |
| | 45476 | b(Hence,)32 b(if)c(the)i(c.m.)43 b(energy)30 b(is)f(20)g(GeV)h(and)g |
| | 45477 | (the)g(b)s(o)s(ost)f Fj(\014)2725 4068 y Fh(z)2792 4053 |
| | 45478 | y Fw(=)f(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(996)h(\(corresp)s(onding)0 4161 |
| | 45479 | y(to)j Fj(x)174 4176 y Fh(B)263 4161 y Fw(=)c(0)p Fj(:)p |
| | 45480 | Fw(045\),)j(then)308 4348 y Fq(CALL)52 b(LU2ENT\(0,2,2101,20.\))308 |
| | 45481 | 4457 y(CALL)g(LUROBO\(0.,0.,0.,0.,0.996\))0 4644 y Fw(The)34 |
| | 45482 | b(jets)f(could)f(of)g(course)h(also)f(b)s(e)h(de\014ned)h(and)f(allo)m |
| | 45483 | (w)m(ed)e(to)i(fragmen)m(t)f(in)f(the)i(lab)f(frame)g(with)308 |
| | 45484 | 4832 y Fq(CALL)52 b(LU1ENT\(-1,2,223.15,0.,0.\))308 4940 |
| | 45485 | y(CALL)g(LU1ENT\(2,12,0.6837,3.1416)q(,0.\))308 5048 |
| | 45486 | y(CALL)g(LUEXEC)0 5236 y Fw(Note)40 b(here)h(that)f(the)g(target)g |
| | 45487 | (diquark)g(is)f(required)i(to)f(mo)m(v)m(e)g(in)f(the)i(bac)m(kw)m |
| | 45488 | (ards)h(direction)d(with)0 5344 y Fj(E)15 b Fn(\000)9 |
| | 45489 | b Fj(p)222 5359 y Fh(z)290 5344 y Fw(=)28 b Fj(m)479 |
| | 45490 | 5359 y Fl(p)522 5344 y Fw(\(1)9 b Fn(\000)g Fj(x)759 |
| | 45491 | 5359 y Fh(B)821 5344 y Fw(\))26 b(to)g(obtain)f(the)h(correct)h(in)m(v) |
| | 45492 | -5 b(arian)m(t)25 b(mass)h(for)g(the)g(system.)43 b(This)26 |
| | 45493 | b(is,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)0 5453 y(only)f(an)h(artefact)f(of)h(using)f |
| | 45494 | (a)g(\014xed)i(diquark)f(mass)g(to)f(represen)m(t)j(a)d(v)-5 |
| | 45495 | b(arying)26 b(target)h(remnan)m(t)f(mass,)0 5561 y(and)32 |
| | 45496 | b(is)f(of)f(no)i(imp)s(ortance)e(for)h(the)h(fragmen)m(tation.)41 |
| | 45497 | b(If)31 b(one)h(w)m(an)m(ts)h(a)e(nicer-lo)s(oking)e(ev)m(en)m(t)k |
| | 45498 | (record,)0 5669 y(it)f(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)g(use)h(the)g(follo)m |
| | 45499 | (wing)1817 5953 y(287)p eop |
| | 45500 | %%Page: 288 294 |
| | 45501 | 288 293 bop 308 -18 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LU1ENT\(-1,2,223.15,0.,0.\))308 |
| | 45502 | 90 y(MSTU\(10\)=1)308 198 y(P\(2,5\)=0.938*\(1.-0.045\))308 |
| | 45503 | 307 y(CALL)g(LU1ENT\(2,2101,0.,0.,0.\))308 415 y(MSTU\(10\)=2)308 |
| | 45504 | 523 y(CALL)g(LUEXEC)146 715 y Fw(A)33 b(30)f(GeV)h(u)p |
| | 45505 | 662 662 55 4 v(ug)h(ev)m(en)m(t)g(with)e Fj(E)1350 730 |
| | 45506 | y Fl(u)1421 715 y Fw(=)c(8)k(GeV)h(and)g Fj(E)p 2094 |
| | 45507 | 691 44 4 v 15 x Fl(u)2165 715 y Fw(=)27 b(14)32 b(GeV)h(is)f(sim)m |
| | 45508 | (ulated)f(with)308 906 y Fq(CALL)52 b(LU3ENT\(0,2,21,-2,30.,2.*8)q |
| | 45509 | (./30)q(.,2.)q(*14)q(./30)q(.\))0 1097 y Fw(The)31 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h |
| | 45510 | (will)c(b)s(e)i(giv)m(en)g(in)f(a)h(standard)g(orien)m(tation)f(with)g |
| | 45511 | (the)i(u)f(quark)h(along)d(the)j(+)p Fj(z)k Fw(axis)29 |
| | 45512 | b(and)0 1206 y(the)p 162 1153 55 4 v 27 w(u)d(in)g(the)g |
| | 45513 | Fn(\000)p Fj(z)t(;)17 b Fw(+)p Fj(x)28 b Fw(quadran)m(t.)42 |
| | 45514 | b(Note)26 b(that)g(the)h(\015a)m(v)m(ours)g(of)f(the)h(three)g(partons) |
| | 45515 | f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(b)s(e)g(giv)m(en)0 1314 y(in)38 b(the)h(order)f |
| | 45516 | (they)i(are)e(found)h(along)e(a)h(string,)h(if)f(string)f(fragmen)m |
| | 45517 | (tation)g(options)h(are)g(to)g(w)m(ork.)0 1422 y(Also)33 |
| | 45518 | b(note)g(that,)h(for)e(3-jet)h(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(and)d(particularly)e |
| | 45519 | (4-jet)i(ones,)h(not)f(all)e(setups)k(of)e(kinematical)0 |
| | 45520 | 1531 y(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b Fj(x)i Fw(lie)e(within)h(the)h |
| | 45521 | (kinematically)c(allo)m(w)m(ed)j(regions)g(of)g(phase)i(space.)146 |
| | 45522 | 1639 y(All)29 b(common)h(blo)s(c)m(k)h(v)-5 b(ariables)29 |
| | 45523 | b(can)j(ob)m(viously)e(b)s(e)h(c)m(hanged)h(b)m(y)g(including)d(the)j |
| | 45524 | (corresp)s(onding)0 1747 y(common)h(blo)s(c)m(k)i(in)f(the)i |
| | 45525 | (user-written)f(main)e(program.)49 b(Alternativ)m(ely)-8 |
| | 45526 | b(,)34 b(the)i(routine)e Fq(LUGIVE)i Fw(can)0 1856 y(b)s(e)f(used)h(to) |
| | 45527 | e(feed)h(in)f(v)-5 b(alues,)35 b(with)f(some)h(additional)d(c)m(hec)m |
| | 45528 | (ks)37 b(on)e(arra)m(y)f(b)s(ounds)i(then)f(p)s(erformed.)0 |
| | 45529 | 1964 y(A)e(call)308 2155 y Fq(CALL)52 b(LUGIVE\('MSTJ\(21\)=3;PMAS\(C)q |
| | 45530 | (663,)q(1\)=2)q(10.)q(;CHA)q(F\(40)q(1\)=f)q(unny)q(ino)q(;'//)256 |
| | 45531 | 2264 y(&'PMAS\(21,4\)='\))0 2455 y Fw(will)d(th)m(us)k(c)m(hange)g(the) |
| | 45532 | f(v)-5 b(alue)51 b(of)59 b Fq(MSTJ\(21\))53 b Fw(to)f(3,)k(the)c(v)-5 |
| | 45533 | b(alue)52 b(of)58 b Fq(PMAS\(LUCOMP\(663\),1\))e(=)0 |
| | 45534 | 2563 y(PMAS\(136,1\))38 b Fw(to)d(210.,)h(the)g(v)-5 |
| | 45535 | b(alue)34 b(of)42 b Fq(CHAF\(401\))c Fw(to)d('funn)m(yino',)h(and)g |
| | 45536 | (prin)m(t)f(the)h(curren)m(t)g(v)-5 b(alue)0 2672 y(of)42 |
| | 45537 | b Fq(PMAS\(21,4\))p Fw(.)57 b(Since)36 b(old)f(and)h(new)h(v)-5 |
| | 45538 | b(alues)35 b(of)h(parameters)g(c)m(hanged)h(are)f(written)g(to)f |
| | 45539 | (output,)0 2780 y(this)h(ma)m(y)g(o\013er)g(a)g(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)i |
| | 45540 | (w)m(a)m(y)g(of)e(do)s(cumen)m(ting)f(non-default)g(v)-5 |
| | 45541 | b(alues)37 b(used)g(in)f(a)g(giv)m(en)g(run.)0 2889 y(On)c(the)h(other) |
| | 45542 | f(hand,)g(if)f(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(c)m(hanged)i(bac)m(k)g(and) |
| | 45543 | g(forth)e(frequen)m(tly)-8 b(,)34 b(the)e(resulting)f(v)m(olu-)0 |
| | 45544 | 2997 y(minous)k(output)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(undesirable,)g(and)g(a)g |
| | 45545 | (direct)g(usage)g(of)g(the)g(common)f(blo)s(c)m(ks)h(is)f(then)i(to)0 |
| | 45546 | 3105 y(b)s(e)c(recommended)g(\(the)g(output)f(can)h(also)f(b)s(e)h |
| | 45547 | (switc)m(hed)g(o\013,)g(see)g Fq(MSTU\(13\))p Fw(\).)146 |
| | 45548 | 3214 y(A)28 b(general)g(rule)f(of)h(th)m(um)m(b)g(is)g(that)g(none)g |
| | 45549 | (of)g(the)g(ph)m(ysics)i(routines)e(\()p Fq(LUSTRF)p |
| | 45550 | Fw(,)h Fq(LUINDF)p Fw(,)h Fq(LUDECY)p Fw(,)0 3322 y(etc.\))77 |
| | 45551 | b(should)44 b(ev)m(er)h(b)s(e)f(called)f(directly)-8 |
| | 45552 | b(,)46 b(but)e(only)f(via)g Fq(LUEXEC)p Fw(.)i(This)f(routine)f(ma)m(y) |
| | 45553 | h(b)s(e)g(called)0 3430 y(rep)s(eatedly)24 b(for)f(one)g(single)f(ev)m |
| | 45554 | (en)m(t.)43 b(A)m(t)23 b(eac)m(h)i(call)c(only)i(those)h(en)m(tries)g |
| | 45555 | (that)f(are)h(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(to)h(fragmen)m(t)0 3539 |
| | 45556 | y(or)32 b(deca)m(y)-8 b(,)34 b(and)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(not)e(y)m(et)i(done)f |
| | 45557 | (so,)g(are)f(treated.)44 b(Th)m(us)308 3730 y Fq(CALL)52 |
| | 45558 | b(LU2ENT\(1,1,-1,20.\))415 b(!)51 b(fill)i(2)e(jets)i(without)g |
| | 45559 | (fragmenting)308 3838 y(MSTJ\(1\)=0)1130 b(!)51 b(inhibit)j(jet)e |
| | 45560 | (fragmentation)308 3947 y(MSTJ\(21\)=0)1079 b(!)51 b(inhibit)j |
| | 45561 | (particle)f(decay)308 4055 y(MDCY\(LUCOMP\(111\),1\)=0)518 |
| | 45562 | b(!)51 b(inhibit)j(pi0)e(decay)308 4163 y(CALL)g(LUEXEC)1027 |
| | 45563 | b(!)51 b(will)i(not)f(do)g(anything)308 4272 y(MSTJ\(1\)=1)1130 |
| | 45564 | b(!)308 4380 y(CALL)52 b(LUEXEC)1027 b(!)51 b(jets)i(will)f(fragment,)i |
| | 45565 | (but)e(no)g(decays)308 4488 y(MSTJ\(21\)=2)1079 b(!)308 |
| | 45566 | 4597 y(CALL)52 b(LUEXEC)1027 b(!)51 b(particles)j(decay,)f(except)g |
| | 45567 | (pi0)308 4705 y(CALL)f(LUEXEC)1027 b(!)51 b(nothing)j(new)e(can)g |
| | 45568 | (happen)308 4813 y(MDCY\(LUCOMP\(111\),1\)=1)518 b(!)308 |
| | 45569 | 4922 y(CALL)52 b(LUEXEC)1027 b(!)51 b(pi0:s)i(decay)146 |
| | 45570 | 5113 y Fw(A)39 b(partial)e(exception)i(to)f(the)h(rule)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
| | 45571 | (e)g(is)f Fq(LUSHOW)p Fw(.)j(Its)e(main)e(application)f(is)i(for)h(in)m |
| | 45572 | (ternal)0 5221 y(use)33 b(b)m(y)i Fq(LUEEVT)p Fw(,)f |
| | 45573 | Fq(LUDECY)p Fw(,)g(and)e Fq(PYEVNT)p Fw(,)i(but)f(it)e(can)h(also)g(b)s |
| | 45574 | (e)g(directly)g(called)f(b)m(y)i(y)m(ou.)44 b(Note)33 |
| | 45575 | b(that)0 5330 y(a)h(sp)s(ecial)e(format)h(for)g(storing)g(colour-\015o) |
| | 45576 | m(w)g(information)e(in)i Fq(K\(I,4\))i Fw(and)f Fq(K\(I,5\))i |
| | 45577 | Fw(m)m(ust)e(then)g(b)s(e)0 5438 y(used.)60 b(F)-8 b(or)37 |
| | 45578 | b(simple)g(cases,)j(the)f Fq(LU2ENT)g Fw(can)f(b)s(e)g(made)g(to)f(tak) |
| | 45579 | m(e)i(care)f(of)f(that)h(automatically)-8 b(,)36 b(b)m(y)0 |
| | 45580 | 5546 y(calling)30 b(with)i(the)h(\014rst)g(argumen)m(t)f(negativ)m(e.) |
| | 45581 | 1817 5953 y(288)p eop |
| | 45582 | %%Page: 289 295 |
| | 45583 | 289 294 bop 308 -18 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LU2ENT\(-1,1,-2,80.\))364 |
| | 45584 | b(!)51 b(store)i(d)f(ubar)g(with)g(colour)h(flow)308 |
| | 45585 | 90 y(CALL)f(LUSHOW\(1,2,80.\))568 b(!)51 b(shower)i(partons)308 |
| | 45586 | 198 y(CALL)f(LUEXEC)1027 b(!)51 b(subsequent)j(fragmentation/decay)0 |
| | 45587 | 382 y Fw(F)-8 b(or)32 b(more)g(complicated)f(con\014gurations,)h |
| | 45588 | Fq(LUJOIN)i Fw(should)e(b)s(e)h(used.)146 491 y(It)k(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys) |
| | 45589 | g(go)s(o)s(d)f(practice)h(to)g(list)e(one)i(or)g(a)g(few)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 45590 | (ts)i(during)e(a)f(run)i(to)e(c)m(hec)m(k)j(that)e(the)0 |
| | 45591 | 599 y(program)31 b(is)h(w)m(orking)h(as)g(in)m(tended.)44 |
| | 45592 | b(With)308 783 y Fq(CALL)52 b(LULIST\(1\))0 967 y Fw(all)40 |
| | 45593 | b(particles)i(will)e(b)s(e)i(listed)g(and)g(in)g(addition)e(total)h(c)m |
| | 45594 | (harge,)k(momen)m(tum)c(and)i(energy)g(of)f(sta-)0 1076 |
| | 45595 | y(ble)37 b(en)m(tries)h(will)d(b)s(e)i(giv)m(en.)58 b(F)-8 |
| | 45596 | b(or)36 b(string)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(these)k(quan)m(tities)e(should)g |
| | 45597 | (b)s(e)g(conserv)m(ed)0 1184 y(exactly)h(\(up)g(to)f(mac)m(hine)g |
| | 45598 | (precision)f(errors\),)k(and)d(the)h(same)f(go)s(es)h(when)g(running)f |
| | 45599 | (indep)s(enden)m(t)0 1292 y(fragmen)m(tation)e(with)h(one)h(of)f(the)i |
| | 45600 | (momen)m(tum)d(conserv)-5 b(ation)36 b(options.)56 b |
| | 45601 | Fq(LULIST\(1\))39 b Fw(giv)m(es)e(a)f(for-)0 1401 y(mat)29 |
| | 45602 | b(that)g(comfortably)f(\014ts)i(on)f(an)h(80)f(column)f(screen,)k(at)d |
| | 45603 | (the)h(price)g(of)f(not)g(giving)f(the)i(complete)0 1509 |
| | 45604 | y(story)-8 b(.)66 b(With)40 b Fq(LULIST\(2\))i Fw(a)e(more)f(extensiv)m |
| | 45605 | (e)j(listing)c(is)h(obtained,)j(and)e Fq(LULIST\(3\))i |
| | 45606 | Fw(also)d(giv)m(es)0 1617 y(v)m(ertex)e(information.)49 |
| | 45607 | b(F)-8 b(urther)35 b(options)g(are)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)33 |
| | 45608 | b(lik)m(e)i Fq(LULIST\(12\))p Fw(,)k(whic)m(h)c(giv)m(es)h(a)f(list)f |
| | 45609 | (of)0 1726 y(particle)d(data.)146 1834 y(An)39 b(ev)m(en)m(t,)k(as)c |
| | 45610 | (stored)g(in)g(the)g Fq(LUJETS)h Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m(k,)i(will)d(con) |
| | 45611 | m(tain)h(the)h(original)d(jets)j(and)0 1942 y(the)c(whole)f(deca)m(y)h |
| | 45612 | (c)m(hain,)g(i.e.)48 b(also)33 b(particles)g(whic)m(h)i(subsequen)m |
| | 45613 | (tly)i(deca)m(y)m(ed.)50 b(If)34 b(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ers)0 |
| | 45614 | 2051 y(are)29 b(used,)i(the)f(amoun)m(t)e(of)h(parton)g(information)d |
| | 45615 | (is)j(also)f(considerable:)41 b(\014rst)30 b(the)f(on-shell)f(partons)0 |
| | 45616 | 2159 y(b)s(efore)46 b(sho)m(w)m(ers)i(ha)m(v)m(e)f(b)s(een)f |
| | 45617 | (considered,)k(then)c(a)f Fq(K\(I,1\)=22)j Fw(line)d(with)g(total)f |
| | 45618 | (energy)j(of)e(the)0 2267 y(sho)m(w)m(ering)34 b(subsystem,)i(after)e |
| | 45619 | (that)f(the)h(complete)f(sho)m(w)m(er)j(history)d(tree-lik)m(e)g |
| | 45620 | (structure,)i(starting)0 2376 y(o\013)25 b(with)g(the)h(same)g(initial) |
| | 45621 | c(partons)j(\(no)m(w)i(o\013-shell\),)e(and)h(\014nally)e(the)i(end)g |
| | 45622 | (pro)s(ducts)h(of)e(the)h(sho)m(w)m(er)0 2484 y(rearranged)h(along)f |
| | 45623 | (the)h(string)f(directions.)41 b(This)28 b(detailed)e(record)h(is)f |
| | 45624 | (useful)i(in)e(man)m(y)h(connections,)0 2592 y(but)e(if)f(one)i(only)e |
| | 45625 | (w)m(an)m(ts)j(to)e(retain)f(the)h(\014nal)g(particles,)h(sup)s |
| | 45626 | (er\015uous)g(information)c(ma)m(y)j(b)s(e)h(remo)m(v)m(ed)0 |
| | 45627 | 2701 y(with)32 b Fq(LUEDIT)p Fw(.)i(Th)m(us)h(e.g.)308 |
| | 45628 | 2885 y Fq(CALL)52 b(LUEDIT\(2\))0 3069 y Fw(will)30 b(lea)m(v)m(e)j(y)m |
| | 45629 | (ou)h(with)e(the)h(\014nal)f(c)m(harged)h(and)g(neutral)f(particles,)g |
| | 45630 | (except)i(for)e(neutrinos.)146 3177 y(The)47 b(information)c(in)j |
| | 45631 | Fq(LUJETS)h Fw(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(used)h(directly)f(to)g(study)h(an)f(ev) |
| | 45632 | m(en)m(t.)86 b(Some)45 b(useful)0 3286 y(additional)25 |
| | 45633 | b(quan)m(tities)j(deriv)m(ed)h(from)e(these,)j(suc)m(h)f(as)f(c)m |
| | 45634 | (harge)h(and)f(rapidit)m(y)-8 b(,)28 b(ma)m(y)g(easily)f(b)s(e)h(found) |
| | 45635 | 0 3394 y(via)36 b(the)h Fq(KLU)h Fw(and)e Fq(PLU)i Fw(functions.)56 |
| | 45636 | b(Th)m(us)38 b(electric)e(c)m(harge)h Fq(=PLU\(I,6\))i |
| | 45637 | Fw(\(as)e(in)m(teger,)h(three)f(times)0 3502 y(c)m(harge)c |
| | 45638 | Fq(=KLU\(I,6\))p Fw(\))i(and)e(true)g(rapidit)m(y)e Fj(y)36 |
| | 45639 | b Fw(with)c(resp)s(ect)i(to)e(the)h Fj(z)k Fw(axis)c |
| | 45640 | Fq(=)51 b(PLU\(I,17\))p Fw(.)146 3611 y(A)36 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)e |
| | 45641 | (utilit)m(y)f(\()p Fq(MSTU)p Fw(,)j Fq(PARU)p Fw(\))g(and)f(ph)m(ysics) |
| | 45642 | i(\()p Fq(MSTJ)p Fw(,)f Fq(PARJ)p Fw(\))g(switc)m(hes)g(and)f |
| | 45643 | (parameters)0 3719 y(are)31 b(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)29 b(in)i(common)f |
| | 45644 | (blo)s(c)m(k)h Fq(LUDAT1)p Fw(.)45 b(All)30 b(of)h(these)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 45645 | (sensible)f(default)e(v)-5 b(alues.)43 b(P)m(article)0 |
| | 45646 | 3827 y(data)g(is)g(stored)g(in)g(common)f(blo)s(c)m(ks)h |
| | 45647 | Fq(LUDAT2)p Fw(,)48 b Fq(LUDAT3)c Fw(and)g Fq(LUDAT4)p |
| | 45648 | Fw(.)76 b(Note)44 b(that)f(the)g(data)g(in)0 3936 y(the)35 |
| | 45649 | b(arra)m(ys)g Fq(KCHG)p Fw(,)h Fq(PMAS)p Fw(,)g Fq(MDCY)g |
| | 45650 | Fw(and)e Fq(CHAF)i Fw(is)e(not)h(stored)g(b)m(y)h(KF)e(co)s(de,)h(but)g |
| | 45651 | (b)m(y)h(the)f(compressed)0 4044 y(co)s(de)f(K)m(C.)g(This)f(co)s(de)h |
| | 45652 | (is)f(not)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(learn)m(t)g(b)m(y)i(heart,)e(but)h(instead)f |
| | 45653 | (accessed)j(via)d(the)g(con)m(v)m(ersion)0 4152 y(function)f |
| | 45654 | Fq(LUCOMP)p Fw(,)i Fq(KC)52 b(=)g(LUCOMP\(KF\))p Fw(.)146 |
| | 45655 | 4261 y(In)40 b(the)g(particle)f(tables,)i(the)f(follo)m(wing)d |
| | 45656 | (particles)i(are)g(considered)i(stable:)57 b(the)41 b(photon,)g(e)3693 |
| | 45657 | 4225 y Fk(\006)3752 4261 y Fw(,)0 4369 y Fj(\026)59 4333 |
| | 45658 | y Fk(\006)118 4369 y Fw(,)30 b Fj(\031)234 4333 y Fk(\006)293 |
| | 45659 | 4369 y Fw(,)f(K)425 4333 y Fk(\006)484 4369 y Fw(,)h(K)617 |
| | 45660 | 4333 y Fl(0)617 4394 y(L)665 4369 y Fw(,)g(p,)p 833 4316 |
| | 45661 | 55 4 v 30 w(p,)g(n,)p 1055 4316 V 30 w(n)g(and)f(all)e(the)i |
| | 45662 | (neutrinos.)43 b(It)29 b(is,)g(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)k(alw)m(a)m(ys)c(p)s |
| | 45663 | (ossible)g(to)g(inhibit)0 4478 y(the)i(deca)m(y)g(of)f(an)m(y)h(giv)m |
| | 45664 | (en)f(particle)f(b)m(y)i(putting)e(the)i(corresp)s(onding)g |
| | 45665 | Fq(MDCY)g Fw(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(zero)g(or)g(negativ)m(e,)0 |
| | 45666 | 4586 y(e.g.)65 b Fq(MDCY\(LUCOMP\(310\),1\)=0)46 b Fw(mak)m(es)40 |
| | 45667 | b(K)1704 4550 y Fl(0)1704 4610 y(S)1787 4586 y Fw(and)g |
| | 45668 | Fq(MDCY\(LUCOMP\(3122\),1\)=0)46 b Fw(\003)39 b(stable.)65 |
| | 45669 | b(It)40 b(is)0 4694 y(also)30 b(p)s(ossible)h(to)g(select)g(stabilit)m |
| | 45670 | (y)f(based)i(on)f(the)h(a)m(v)m(erage)g(lifetime)c(\(see)k |
| | 45671 | Fq(MSTJ\(22\))p Fw(\),)i(or)c(based)j(on)0 4803 y(whether)j(the)f(deca) |
| | 45672 | m(y)h(tak)m(es)g(place)e(within)f(a)i(giv)m(en)f(spherical)g(or)g |
| | 45673 | (cylindrical)f(v)m(olume)g(around)i(the)0 4911 y(origin.)146 |
| | 45674 | 5019 y(The)47 b(Field-F)-8 b(eynman)44 b(jet)i(mo)s(del)e([Fie78)o(])i |
| | 45675 | (is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)44 b(in)h(the)h(program)f(b)m(y)i(c)m(hanging) |
| | 45676 | e(the)0 5128 y(follo)m(wing)k(v)-5 b(alues:)82 b Fq(MSTJ\(1\)=2)54 |
| | 45677 | b Fw(\(indep)s(enden)m(t)e(fragmen)m(tation\),)j Fq(MSTJ\(3\)=-1)f |
| | 45678 | Fw(\(retain)d(parti-)0 5236 y(cles)e(with)f Fj(p)488 |
| | 45679 | 5251 y Fh(z)582 5236 y Fj(<)55 b Fw(0;)h(is)48 b(not)g(mandatory\),)k |
| | 45680 | Fq(MSTJ\(11\)=2)f Fw(\(c)m(hoice)e(of)f(longitudinal)d(fragmen)m(ta-)0 |
| | 45681 | 5344 y(tion)38 b(function,)i(with)e(the)h Fj(a)g Fw(parameter)f(stored) |
| | 45682 | i(in)e Fq(PARJ\(51\))53 b(-)f(PARJ\(53\))p Fw(\),)42 |
| | 45683 | b Fq(MSTJ\(12\)=0)g Fw(\(no)0 5453 y(bary)m(on)29 b(pro)s(duction\),)f |
| | 45684 | Fq(MSTJ\(13\)=1)i Fw(\(giv)m(e)e(endp)s(oin)m(t)g(quarks)i |
| | 45685 | Fj(p)2414 5468 y Fk(?)2501 5453 y Fw(as)e(quarks)h(created)g(in)e(the)i |
| | 45686 | (\014eld\),)0 5561 y Fq(MSTJ\(24\)=0)k Fw(\(no)c(mass)h(broadening)g |
| | 45687 | (of)f(resonances\),)j Fq(PARJ\(2\)=0.5)h Fw(\(s)p Fj(=)p |
| | 45688 | Fw(u)d(ratio)f(for)g(the)i(pro)s(duc-)0 5669 y(tion)36 |
| | 45689 | b(of)h(new)i(q)p 578 5616 52 4 v(q)f(pairs\),)g Fq |
| | 45690 | (PARJ\(11\)=PARJ\(12\)=0.5)43 b Fw(\(probabilit)m(y)35 |
| | 45691 | b(for)i(mesons)h(to)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(spin)e(1\))1817 5953 |
| | 45692 | y(289)p eop |
| | 45693 | %%Page: 290 296 |
| | 45694 | 290 295 bop 0 -18 a Fw(and)32 b Fq(PARJ\(21\)=0.35)i |
| | 45695 | Fw(\(width)e(of)f(Gaussian)g(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum)d |
| | 45696 | (distribution\).)41 b(In)32 b(addition)0 90 y(only)c(d,)h(u)f(and)h(s)f |
| | 45697 | (single)g(quark)h(jets)g(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(generated)h(follo)m(wing)d |
| | 45698 | (the)i(FF)g(recip)s(e.)42 b(T)-8 b(o)s(da)m(y)29 b(the)f(FF)0 |
| | 45699 | 198 y(`standard)39 b(jet')g(concept)g(is)f(probably)g(dead)h(and)g |
| | 45700 | (buried,)h(so)e(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)f(should)f |
| | 45701 | (more)0 307 y(b)s(e)e(tak)m(en)h(as)f(an)g(example)g(of)f(the)h |
| | 45702 | (\015exibilit)m(y)f(of)g(the)h(program,)g(than)g(as)g(something)f(to)h |
| | 45703 | (apply)f(in)0 415 y(practice.)146 523 y(A)g(wide)h(range)f(of)f(indep)s |
| | 45704 | (enden)m(t)i(fragmen)m(tation)d(options)i(are)g(implemen)m(ted,)f(to)h |
| | 45705 | (b)s(e)g(accessed)0 632 y(with)30 b(the)h(master)f(switc)m(h)h |
| | 45706 | Fq(MSTJ\(1\)=2)p Fw(.)45 b(In)31 b(particular,)e(with)h |
| | 45707 | Fq(MSTJ\(2\)=1)j Fw(a)d(gluon)f(jet)i(is)f(assumed)0 |
| | 45708 | 740 y(to)35 b(fragmen)m(t)g(lik)m(e)f(a)h(random)g(d,)p |
| | 45709 | 1280 661 55 4 v 36 w(d,)h(u,)p 1515 687 V 37 w(u,)g(s)g(or)p |
| | 45710 | 1828 687 39 4 v 35 w(s)f(jet,)i(while)d(with)h Fq(MSTJ\(2\)=3)j |
| | 45711 | Fw(the)e(gluon)e(is)h(split)0 848 y(in)m(to)26 b(a)h(d)p |
| | 45712 | 322 769 55 4 v(d,)h(u)p 485 795 V(u)g(or)e(s)p 718 795 |
| | 45713 | 39 4 v(s)i(pair)e(of)g(jets)i(sharing)e(the)h(energy)h(according)f(to)f |
| | 45714 | (the)i(Altarelli-P)m(arisi)22 b(splitting)0 957 y(function.)43 |
| | 45715 | b(Whereas)32 b(energy)-8 b(,)33 b(momen)m(tum)d(and)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)h |
| | 45716 | (is)f(not)g(explicitly)f(conserv)m(ed)j(in)e(indep)s(en-)0 |
| | 45717 | 1065 y(den)m(t)43 b(fragmen)m(tation,)f(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g |
| | 45718 | (options)f(are)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)39 b(in)i Fq(MSTJ\(3\))j |
| | 45719 | Fw(to)d(ensure)j(this)d(`p)s(ost)0 1173 y(facto',)c(e.g.)54 |
| | 45720 | b Fq(MSTJ\(3\)=1)38 b Fw(will)c(b)s(o)s(ost)h(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(to)e |
| | 45721 | (ensure)h(momen)m(tum)e(conserv)-5 b(ation)36 b(and)g(then)0 |
| | 45722 | 1282 y(\(in)c(the)i(c.m.)45 b(frame\))32 b(rescale)i(momen)m(ta)e(b)m |
| | 45723 | (y)i(a)f(common)f(factor)g(to)h(obtain)f(energy)i(conserv)-5 |
| | 45724 | b(ation,)0 1390 y(whereas)28 b Fq(MSTJ\(3\)=4)h Fw(rather)e(uses)i(a)d |
| | 45725 | (metho)s(d)g(of)h(stretc)m(hing)g(the)g(jets)h(in)e(longitudinal)d |
| | 45726 | (momen)m(tum)0 1498 y(along)31 b(the)i(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)h(jet)f(axis)f |
| | 45727 | (to)g(k)m(eep)j(angles)d(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(jets)g(\014xed.)1817 |
| | 45728 | 5953 y(290)p eop |
| | 45729 | %%Page: 291 297 |
| | 45730 | 291 296 bop 0 -18 a Ft(15)161 b(Ev)l(en)l(t)52 b(Analysis)j(Routines)0 |
| | 45731 | 189 y Fw(T)-8 b(o)38 b(describ)s(e)g(the)h(complicated)d(geometries)h |
| | 45732 | (encoun)m(tered)j(in)d(m)m(ultihadronic)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)41 |
| | 45733 | b(a)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)0 297 y(of)28 b(ev)m(en)m(t)i(measures)f(ha)m(v)m |
| | 45734 | (e)h(b)s(een)f(in)m(tro)s(duced.)42 b(These)30 b(measures)g(are)e(in)m |
| | 45735 | (tended)h(to)f(pro)m(vide)h(a)f(global)0 405 y(view)33 |
| | 45736 | b(of)g(the)g(prop)s(erties)g(of)f(a)h(giv)m(en)g(ev)m(en)m(t,)h |
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| | 45738 | (en)m(t)0 514 y(is)e(condensed)j(in)m(to)d(one)h(or)f(a)h(few)g(n)m(um) |
| | 45739 | m(b)s(ers.)45 b(A)33 b(steady)h(stream)e(of)g(suc)m(h)j(measures)e(are) |
| | 45740 | g(prop)s(osed)0 622 y(for)h(di\013eren)m(t)h(purp)s(oses.)52 |
| | 45741 | b(Man)m(y)35 b(are)g(rather)g(sp)s(ecialized)f(or)g(nev)m(er)j(catc)m |
| | 45742 | (h)e(on,)h(but)f(a)f(few)h(b)s(ecome)0 730 y(standards,)f(and)e(are)h |
| | 45743 | (useful)g(to)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(easy)g(access)g(to.)43 b |
| | 45744 | Fm(Jetset)32 b Fw(therefore)h(con)m(tains)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)0 |
| | 45745 | 839 y(routines)k(that)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(called)f(for)h(an)m(y)g(ev)m(en)m |
| | 45746 | (t,)k(and)c(that)g(will)d(directly)j(access)i(the)e(ev)m(en)m(t)i |
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| | 45748 | 1055 y(In)g(the)f(presen)m(tation)h(b)s(elo)m(w,)f(measures)h(ha)m(v)m |
| | 45749 | (e)g(b)s(een)g(group)s(ed)f(in)g(three)g(kinds.)44 b(The)33 |
| | 45750 | b(\014rst)g(con-)0 1164 y(tains)22 b(simple)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(shap)s(e)g |
| | 45751 | (quan)m(tities,)g(suc)m(h)h(as)e(sphericit)m(y)g(and)g(thrust.)41 |
| | 45752 | b(The)24 b(second)g(is)e(jet)h(\014nding)0 1272 y(algorithms.)40 |
| | 45753 | b(The)30 b(third)f(is)g(a)g(mixed)f(bag)h(of)g(particle)f(m)m |
| | 45754 | (ultiplicities)d(and)30 b(comp)s(ositions,)e(factorial)0 |
| | 45755 | 1380 y(momen)m(ts)k(and)h(energy{energy)h(correlations,)e(put)g |
| | 45756 | (together)h(in)f(a)g(small)f(statistics)h(pac)m(k)-5 |
| | 45757 | b(age.)146 1489 y(None)49 b(of)e(the)i(measures)g(presen)m(ted)h(here)f |
| | 45758 | (are)f(Loren)m(tz)h(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t.)89 b(The)49 |
| | 45759 | b(analysis)e(will)f(b)s(e)0 1597 y(p)s(erformed)33 b(in)g(whatev)m(er)i |
| | 45760 | (frame)e(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(happ)s(ens)g(to)e(b)s(e)h(giv)m(en)g(in.) |
| | 45761 | 45 b(It)34 b(it)e(therefore)j(up)f(to)f(y)m(ou)0 1705 |
| | 45762 | y(to)h(decide)g(whether)h(the)g(frame)e(in)g(whic)m(h)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)i |
| | 45763 | (w)m(ere)f(generated)g(is)f(the)g(righ)m(t)f(one,)i(or)e(whether)0 |
| | 45764 | 1814 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(b)s(eforehand)e(should)f(b)s(e)g(b)s(o)s(osted,)h |
| | 45765 | (e.g.)46 b(to)33 b(the)h(c.m.)46 b(frame.)f(Y)-8 b(ou)33 |
| | 45766 | b(can)h(also)e(decide)i(whic)m(h)0 1922 y(particles)e(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m |
| | 45767 | (t)g(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a\013ected)f(b)m(y)g(the)g(analysis.)0 |
| | 45768 | 2192 y Fp(15.1)136 b(Ev)l(en)l(t)46 b(Shap)t(es)0 2365 |
| | 45769 | y Fw(In)40 b(this)f(section)g(w)m(e)h(study)h(general)d(ev)m(en)m(t)k |
| | 45770 | (shap)s(e)e(v)-5 b(ariables:)55 b(sphericit)m(y)-8 b(,)41 |
| | 45771 | b(thrust,)h(F)-8 b(o)m(x-W)g(olfram)0 2473 y(momen)m(ts,)52 |
| | 45772 | b(and)d(jet)g(masses.)92 b(These)51 b(measures)e(are)g(implemen)m(ted)e |
| | 45773 | (in)h(the)h(routines)g Fq(LUSPHE)p Fw(,)0 2582 y Fq(LUTHRU)p |
| | 45774 | Fw(,)34 b Fq(LUFOWO)g Fw(and)f Fq(LUJMAS)p Fw(,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 45775 | b(.)146 2690 y(Eac)m(h)48 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)d(assumed)i(c)m |
| | 45776 | (haracterized)g(b)m(y)f(the)h(particle)d(four-momen)m(tum)g(v)m(ectors) |
| | 45777 | j Fj(p)3623 2705 y Fh(i)3704 2690 y Fw(=)0 2799 y(\()p |
| | 45778 | Fo(p)100 2814 y Fh(i)128 2799 y Fj(;)17 b(E)244 2814 |
| | 45779 | y Fh(i)272 2799 y Fw(\),)33 b(with)f Fj(i)c Fw(=)g(1)p |
| | 45780 | Fj(;)17 b Fw(2)p Fj(;)g Fn(\001)g(\001)g(\001)d Fj(;)j(n)32 |
| | 45781 | b Fw(an)g(index)h(running)f(o)m(v)m(er)i(the)f(particles)f(of)g(the)h |
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| | 45783 | 3216 y Fw(The)34 b(sphericit)m(y)e(tensor)i(is)e(de\014ned)i(as)f |
| | 45784 | ([Bjo70)o(])1531 3562 y Fj(S)1597 3521 y Fh(\013\014)1717 |
| | 45785 | 3562 y Fw(=)1831 3335 y Fg(X)1879 3518 y Fh(i)1967 3418 |
| | 45786 | y Fj(p)2016 3377 y Fh(\013)2016 3443 y(i)2082 3418 y |
| | 45787 | Fj(p)2131 3371 y Fh(\014)2131 3441 y(i)p 1831 3539 348 |
| | 45788 | 4 v 1844 3557 a Fg(X)1892 3740 y Fh(i)1980 3640 y Fn(j)p |
| | 45789 | Fo(p)2070 3655 y Fh(i)2098 3640 y Fn(j)2126 3599 y Fl(2)2221 |
| | 45790 | 3562 y Fj(;)1309 b Fw(\(215\))0 3902 y(where)33 b Fj(\013)q(;)17 |
| | 45791 | b(\014)33 b Fw(=)28 b(1)p Fj(;)17 b Fw(2)p Fj(;)g Fw(3)31 |
| | 45792 | b(corresp)s(onds)i(to)f(the)h Fj(x)p Fw(,)f Fj(y)k Fw(and)c |
| | 45793 | Fj(z)37 b Fw(comp)s(onen)m(ts.)44 b(By)32 b(standard)h(diagonaliza-)0 |
| | 45794 | 4010 y(tion)k(of)h Fj(S)389 3974 y Fh(\013\014)520 4010 |
| | 45795 | y Fw(one)h(ma)m(y)f(\014nd)h(three)g(eigen)m(v)-5 b(alues)39 |
| | 45796 | b Fj(\025)1946 4025 y Fl(1)2023 4010 y Fn(\025)f Fj(\025)2195 |
| | 45797 | 4025 y Fl(2)2272 4010 y Fn(\025)g Fj(\025)2444 4025 y |
| | 45798 | Fl(3)2483 4010 y Fw(,)i(with)e Fj(\025)2835 4025 y Fl(1)2901 |
| | 45799 | 4010 y Fw(+)26 b Fj(\025)3060 4025 y Fl(2)3125 4010 y |
| | 45800 | Fw(+)g Fj(\025)3284 4025 y Fl(3)3361 4010 y Fw(=)38 b(1.)61 |
| | 45801 | b(The)0 4118 y(sphericit)m(y)33 b(of)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)f(then)g |
| | 45802 | (de\014ned)h(as)1524 4354 y Fj(S)g Fw(=)1731 4287 y(3)p |
| | 45803 | 1731 4331 49 4 v 1731 4422 a(2)1807 4354 y(\()p Fj(\025)1902 |
| | 45804 | 4369 y Fl(2)1963 4354 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(\025)2118 4369 y |
| | 45805 | Fl(3)2158 4354 y Fw(\))32 b Fj(;)1302 b Fw(\(216\))0 |
| | 45806 | 4586 y(so)33 b(that)g(0)c Fn(\024)g Fj(S)35 b Fn(\024)29 |
| | 45807 | b Fw(1.)45 b(Sphericit)m(y)33 b(is)g(essen)m(tially)g(a)g(measure)g(of) |
| | 45808 | g(the)g(summed)g Fj(p)3043 4550 y Fl(2)3043 4610 y Fk(?)3136 |
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| | 45810 | (a)f(2-jet)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(corresp)s(onds)g(to)f Fj(S)g |
| | 45811 | Fn(\031)28 b Fw(0)33 b(and)f(an)h(isotropic)e(ev)m(en)m(t)j(to)f |
| | 45812 | Fj(S)g Fn(\031)28 b Fw(1.)146 4803 y(The)39 b(aplanarit)m(y)e |
| | 45813 | Fj(A)p Fw(,)j(with)e(de\014nition)f Fj(A)g Fw(=)1864 |
| | 45814 | 4763 y Fl(3)p 1864 4779 36 4 v 1864 4837 a(2)1909 4803 |
| | 45815 | y Fj(\025)1966 4818 y Fl(3)2006 4803 y Fw(,)i(is)f(constrained)g(to)g |
| | 45816 | (the)h(range)f(0)f Fn(\024)g Fj(A)h Fn(\024)3707 4763 |
| | 45817 | y Fl(1)p 3707 4779 V 3707 4837 a(2)3752 4803 y Fw(.)0 |
| | 45818 | 4911 y(It)32 b(measures)i(the)e(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum)c(comp)s |
| | 45819 | (onen)m(t)h(out)g(of)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(plane:)43 |
| | 45820 | b(a)32 b(planar)g(ev)m(en)m(t)0 5019 y(has)h Fj(A)28 |
| | 45821 | b Fn(\031)g Fw(0)k(and)h(an)f(isotropic)g(one)g Fj(A)c |
| | 45822 | Fn(\031)1577 4980 y Fl(1)p 1577 4996 V 1577 5054 a(2)1623 |
| | 45823 | 5019 y Fw(.)146 5128 y(Eigen)m(v)m(ectors)d Fo(v)764 |
| | 45824 | 5143 y Fh(j)824 5128 y Fw(can)e(b)s(e)g(found)g(that)g(corresp)s(ond)h |
| | 45825 | (to)f(the)g(three)h(eigen)m(v)-5 b(alues)23 b Fj(\025)3129 |
| | 45826 | 5143 y Fh(j)3188 5128 y Fw(of)g(the)g(spheric-)0 5236 |
| | 45827 | y(it)m(y)36 b(tensor.)57 b(The)37 b Fo(v)757 5251 y Fl(1)833 |
| | 45828 | 5236 y Fw(one)g(is)f(called)g(the)h(sphericit)m(y)g(axis)f(\(or)g(ev)m |
| | 45829 | (en)m(t)j(axis,)e(if)f(it)f(is)i(clear)f(from)f(the)0 |
| | 45830 | 5344 y(con)m(text)e(that)e(sphericit)m(y)h(has)g(b)s(een)h(used\),)g |
| | 45831 | (while)e(the)h(sphericit)m(y)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(plane)e(is)g(spanned)i(b)m |
| | 45832 | (y)g Fo(v)3740 5359 y Fl(1)0 5453 y Fw(and)g Fo(v)249 |
| | 45833 | 5468 y Fl(2)288 5453 y Fw(.)146 5561 y(The)27 b(sphericit)m(y)e(tensor) |
| | 45834 | h(is)f(quadratic)g(in)g(particle)f(momen)m(ta.)39 b(This)26 |
| | 45835 | b(means)f(that)g(the)h(sphericit)m(y)0 5669 y(v)-5 b(alue)30 |
| | 45836 | b(is)g(c)m(hanged)h(if)e(one)i(particle)e(is)h(split)f(up)h(in)m(to)g |
| | 45837 | (t)m(w)m(o)h(collinear)d(ones)j(whic)m(h)g(share)g(the)g(original)1817 |
| | 45838 | 5953 y(291)p eop |
| | 45839 | %%Page: 292 298 |
| | 45840 | 292 297 bop 0 -18 a Fw(momen)m(tum.)41 b(Th)m(us)29 b(sphericit)m(y)g |
| | 45841 | (is)e(not)h(an)h(infrared)e(safe)h(quan)m(tit)m(y)h(in)f(QCD)g(p)s |
| | 45842 | (erturbation)f(theory)-8 b(.)0 90 y(A)33 b(useful)f(generalization)f |
| | 45843 | (of)h(the)h(sphericit)m(y)g(tensor)g(is)1342 455 y Fj(S)1408 |
| | 45844 | 413 y Fl(\()p Fh(r)r Fl(\))p Fh(\013\014)1616 455 y Fw(=)1730 |
| | 45845 | 227 y Fg(X)1778 410 y Fh(i)1866 311 y Fn(j)p Fo(p)1956 |
| | 45846 | 326 y Fh(i)1985 311 y Fn(j)2013 269 y Fh(r)r Fk(\000)p |
| | 45847 | Fl(2)2157 311 y Fj(p)2206 269 y Fh(\013)2206 335 y(i)2272 |
| | 45848 | 311 y Fj(p)2321 263 y Fh(\014)2321 333 y(i)p 1730 431 |
| | 45849 | 639 4 v 1889 450 a Fg(X)1937 632 y Fh(i)2025 533 y Fn(j)p |
| | 45850 | Fo(p)2115 548 y Fh(i)2144 533 y Fn(j)2172 492 y Fh(r)2411 |
| | 45851 | 455 y Fj(;)1119 b Fw(\(217\))0 817 y(where)41 b Fj(r)i |
| | 45852 | Fw(is)c(the)i(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)g(of)e(the)h(momen)m(tum)f(dep)s(endence.) |
| | 45853 | 68 b(While)39 b Fj(r)k Fw(=)d(2)g(th)m(us)h(corresp)s(onds)g(to)0 |
| | 45854 | 926 y(sphericit)m(y)-8 b(,)28 b Fj(r)j Fw(=)c(1)f(corresp)s(onds)i(to)f |
| | 45855 | (linear)e(measures)i(calculable)e(in)h(p)s(erturbation)g(theory)h([P)m |
| | 45856 | (ar78]:)1476 1363 y Fj(S)1542 1322 y Fl(\(1\))p Fh(\013\014)1752 |
| | 45857 | 1363 y Fw(=)1866 1136 y Fg(X)1914 1318 y Fh(i)2012 1152 |
| | 45858 | y Fj(p)2061 1111 y Fh(\013)2061 1176 y(i)2128 1152 y |
| | 45859 | Fj(p)2177 1105 y Fh(\014)2177 1175 y(i)p 2012 1196 212 |
| | 45860 | 4 v 2045 1288 a Fn(j)p Fo(p)2135 1303 y Fh(i)2163 1288 |
| | 45861 | y Fn(j)p 1866 1340 368 4 v 1909 1358 a Fg(X)1957 1541 |
| | 45862 | y Fh(i)2045 1441 y Fn(j)p Fo(p)2135 1456 y Fh(i)2163 |
| | 45863 | 1441 y Fn(j)2276 1363 y Fj(:)1254 b Fw(\(218\))146 1726 |
| | 45864 | y(Eigen)m(v)-5 b(alues)47 b(and)f(eigen)m(v)m(ectors)i(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g |
| | 45865 | (de\014ned)i(exactly)e(as)h(b)s(efore,)i(and)e(therefore)f(also)0 |
| | 45866 | 1834 y(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(ts)39 b(of)g Fj(S)45 b Fw(and)39 |
| | 45867 | b Fj(A)p Fw(.)64 b(These)41 b(ha)m(v)m(e)f(no)f(standard)h(names;)j(I)c |
| | 45868 | (tend)h(to)f(call)e(them)i(linearized)0 1943 y(sphericit)m(y)25 |
| | 45869 | b Fj(S)497 1958 y Fl(lin)603 1943 y Fw(and)g(linearized)d(aplanarit)m |
| | 45870 | (y)h Fj(A)1746 1958 y Fl(lin)1829 1943 y Fw(.)40 b(Quan)m(tities)24 |
| | 45871 | b(that)g(are)g(standard)h(in)e(the)i(literature)0 2051 |
| | 45872 | y(are)33 b(instead)f(the)h(com)m(binations)e([Ell81)n(])1224 |
| | 45873 | 2259 y Fj(C)90 b Fw(=)83 b(3\()p Fj(\025)1687 2274 y |
| | 45874 | Fl(1)1726 2259 y Fj(\025)1783 2274 y Fl(2)1845 2259 y |
| | 45875 | Fw(+)22 b Fj(\025)2000 2274 y Fl(1)2039 2259 y Fj(\025)2096 |
| | 45876 | 2274 y Fl(3)2157 2259 y Fw(+)g Fj(\025)2312 2274 y Fl(2)2352 |
| | 45877 | 2259 y Fj(\025)2409 2274 y Fl(3)2448 2259 y Fw(\))32 |
| | 45878 | b Fj(;)1012 b Fw(\(219\))1217 2392 y Fj(D)86 b Fw(=)d(27)p |
| | 45879 | Fj(\025)1698 2407 y Fl(1)1737 2392 y Fj(\025)1794 2407 |
| | 45880 | y Fl(2)1833 2392 y Fj(\025)1890 2407 y Fl(3)1962 2392 |
| | 45881 | y Fj(:)1568 b Fw(\(220\))0 2600 y(Eac)m(h)35 b(of)e(these)i(is)e |
| | 45882 | (constrained)h(to)g(b)s(e)g(in)f(the)h(range)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(0)f |
| | 45883 | (and)g(1.)47 b(T)m(ypically)-8 b(,)33 b Fj(C)41 b Fw(is)33 |
| | 45884 | b(used)i(to)0 2709 y(measure)h(the)h(3-jet)f(structure)h(and)f |
| | 45885 | Fj(D)j Fw(the)e(4-jet)e(one,)j(since)e Fj(C)43 b Fw(is)36 |
| | 45886 | b(v)-5 b(anishing)35 b(for)h(a)f(p)s(erfect)i(2-jet)0 |
| | 45887 | 2817 y(ev)m(en)m(t)44 b(and)f Fj(D)h Fw(is)e(v)-5 b(anishing)41 |
| | 45888 | b(for)h(a)g(planar)f(ev)m(en)m(t.)75 b(The)43 b Fj(C)49 |
| | 45889 | b Fw(measure)43 b(is)f(related)g(to)f(the)i(second)0 |
| | 45890 | 2925 y(F)-8 b(o)m(w-W)g(olfram)30 b(momen)m(t)i(\(see)h(b)s(elo)m(w\),) |
| | 45891 | g Fj(C)h Fw(=)28 b(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fj(H)1976 2940 y |
| | 45892 | Fl(2)2016 2925 y Fw(.)146 3034 y(Nonin)m(teger)38 b Fj(r)i |
| | 45893 | Fw(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(ma)m(y)g(also)f(b)s(e)i(used,)h(and)f(corresp)s |
| | 45894 | (onding)f(generalized)g(sphericit)m(y)g(and)0 3142 y(aplanarit)m(y)22 |
| | 45895 | b(measures)i(calculated.)39 b(While)22 b(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)i(argumen)m |
| | 45896 | (ts)f(fa)m(v)m(our)h Fj(r)31 b Fw(=)c(1,)e(w)m(e)f(kno)m(w)h(that)0 |
| | 45897 | 3250 y(the)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(`noise',)j(e.g.)41 b(from)25 |
| | 45898 | b(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum)c(\015uctuations,)j(is)e(prop)s |
| | 45899 | (ortionately)0 3359 y(larger)31 b(for)g(lo)m(w)g(momen)m(tum)g |
| | 45900 | (particles,)g(and)h(so)g Fj(r)e(>)e Fw(1)j(should)h(b)s(e)g(b)s(etter)g |
| | 45901 | (for)g(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)f(ev)m(en)m(t)0 3467 y(axis)42 |
| | 45902 | b(determinations.)70 b(The)43 b(use)g(of)f(to)s(o)f(large)g(an)h |
| | 45903 | Fj(r)j Fw(v)-5 b(alue,)44 b(on)e(the)g(other)g(hand,)j(puts)e(all)d |
| | 45904 | (the)0 3575 y(emphasis)29 b(on)f(a)h(few)g(high-momen)m(tum)d |
| | 45905 | (particles,)j(and)g(therefore)h(in)m(v)m(olv)m(es)f(a)g(loss)f(of)h |
| | 45906 | (information.)0 3684 y(It)d(should)f(then)h(come)f(as)h(no)f(surprise)h |
| | 45907 | (that)g(in)m(termediate)e Fj(r)k Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)27 |
| | 45908 | b(of)e(around)g(1.5,)i(giv)m(es)f(the)g(b)s(est)0 3792 |
| | 45909 | y(p)s(erformance)d(for)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(axis)e(determinations)e(in)h |
| | 45910 | (2-jet)h(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k(where)d(the)g(theoretical)d(meaning)h(of)0 |
| | 45911 | 3900 y(the)29 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(axis)e(is)g(w)m(ell-de\014ned.)42 |
| | 45912 | b(The)29 b(gain)e(in)h(accuracy)h(compared)f(with)g(the)h(more)e(con)m |
| | 45913 | (v)m(en)m(tional)0 4009 y(c)m(hoices)33 b Fj(r)e Fw(=)c(2)33 |
| | 45914 | b(or)f Fj(r)e Fw(=)e(1)k(is)g(rather)h(mo)s(dest,)f(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)0 |
| | 45915 | 4256 y Fo(15.1.2)113 b(Thrust)0 4429 y Fw(The)34 b(quan)m(tit)m(y)f |
| | 45916 | (thrust)g Fj(T)46 b Fw(is)32 b(de\014ned)i(b)m(y)g([Bra64)o(])1433 |
| | 45917 | 4797 y Fj(T)42 b Fw(=)27 b(max)1639 4861 y Fk(j)p Fa(n)p |
| | 45918 | Fk(j)p Fl(=1)1860 4570 y Fg(X)1908 4753 y Fh(i)1997 4653 |
| | 45919 | y Fn(j)p Fo(n)22 b Fn(\001)f Fo(p)2220 4668 y Fh(i)2249 |
| | 45920 | 4653 y Fn(j)p 1860 4774 417 4 v 1927 4792 a Fg(X)1975 |
| | 45921 | 4975 y Fh(i)2064 4875 y Fn(j)p Fo(p)2154 4890 y Fh(i)2182 |
| | 45922 | 4875 y Fn(j)2319 4797 y Fj(;)1211 b Fw(\(221\))0 5160 |
| | 45923 | y(and)43 b(the)g(thrust)g(axis)g Fo(v)949 5175 y Fl(1)1031 |
| | 45924 | 5160 y Fw(is)g(giv)m(en)f(b)m(y)i(the)f Fo(n)g Fw(v)m(ector)h(for)e |
| | 45925 | (whic)m(h)i(maxim)m(um)c(is)i(attained.)74 b(The)0 5268 |
| | 45926 | y(allo)m(w)m(ed)30 b(range)g(is)g(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2)d Fn(\024)h |
| | 45927 | Fj(T)42 b Fn(\024)28 b Fw(1,)j(with)f(a)g(2-jet)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i |
| | 45928 | (corresp)s(onding)e(to)g Fj(T)42 b Fn(\031)28 b Fw(1)i(and)h(an)f |
| | 45929 | (isotropic)0 5377 y(ev)m(en)m(t)k(to)f Fj(T)41 b Fn(\031)28 |
| | 45930 | b Fw(1)p Fj(=)p Fw(2.)146 5485 y(In)39 b(passing,)h(w)m(e)g(note)f |
| | 45931 | (that)f(this)g(is)g(not)h(the)g(only)f(de\014nition)f(found)i(in)f(the) |
| | 45932 | h(literature.)60 b(The)0 5593 y(de\014nitions)28 b(agree)g(for)g(ev)m |
| | 45933 | (en)m(ts)j(studied)d(in)g(the)h(c.m.)41 b(frame)28 b(and)g(where)i(all) |
| | 45934 | c(particles)h(are)i(detected.)1817 5953 y(292)p eop |
| | 45935 | %%Page: 293 299 |
| | 45936 | 293 298 bop 0 -18 a Fw(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)35 b(a)d(de\014nition)g(lik)m |
| | 45937 | (e)885 398 y Fj(T)41 b Fw(=)28 b(2)33 b(max)1172 462 |
| | 45938 | y Fk(j)p Fa(n)p Fk(j)p Fl(=1)1394 105 y Fg(\014)1394 |
| | 45939 | 154 y(\014)1394 204 y(\014)1394 254 y(\014)1394 304 y(\014)1421 |
| | 45940 | 171 y(X)1469 353 y Fh(i)1558 254 y Fj(\022)s Fw(\()p |
| | 45941 | Fo(n)22 b Fn(\001)g Fo(p)1840 269 y Fh(i)1869 254 y Fw(\))17 |
| | 45942 | b Fo(p)1986 269 y Fh(i)2014 105 y Fg(\014)2014 154 y(\014)2014 |
| | 45943 | 204 y(\014)2014 254 y(\014)2014 304 y(\014)p 1394 375 |
| | 45944 | 648 4 v 1576 393 a(X)1624 575 y Fh(i)1713 476 y Fn(j)p |
| | 45945 | Fo(p)1803 491 y Fh(i)1831 476 y Fn(j)2079 398 y Fw(=)27 |
| | 45946 | b(2)45 b(max)2264 458 y Fh(\022)2297 468 y Fe(i)2324 |
| | 45947 | 458 y Fl(=0)p Fh(;)p Fl(1)2512 105 y Fg(\014)2512 154 |
| | 45948 | y(\014)2512 204 y(\014)2512 254 y(\014)2512 304 y(\014)2540 |
| | 45949 | 171 y(X)2588 353 y Fh(i)2676 254 y Fj(\022)2721 269 y |
| | 45950 | Fh(i)2766 254 y Fo(p)2828 269 y Fh(i)2857 105 y Fg(\014)2857 |
| | 45951 | 154 y(\014)2857 204 y(\014)2857 254 y(\014)2857 304 y(\014)p |
| | 45952 | 2512 375 373 4 v 2557 393 a(X)2605 575 y Fh(i)2694 476 |
| | 45953 | y Fn(j)p Fo(p)2784 491 y Fh(i)2812 476 y Fn(j)3557 398 |
| | 45954 | y Fw(\(222\))0 762 y(\(where)37 b Fj(\022)s Fw(\()p Fj(x)p |
| | 45955 | Fw(\))f(is)f(the)h(step)h(function,)f Fj(\022)s Fw(\()p |
| | 45956 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))d(=)g(1)j(if)e Fj(x)f(>)g Fw(0,)k(else)e |
| | 45957 | Fj(\022)s Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))f(=)f(0\))i(giv)m(es)h(di\013eren)m(t)g |
| | 45958 | (results)0 871 y(than)d(the)h(one)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(if)e(e.g.)46 |
| | 45959 | b(only)33 b(c)m(harged)h(particles)e(are)i(detected.)47 |
| | 45960 | b(It)33 b(w)m(ould)h(ev)m(en)h(b)s(e)e(p)s(ossible)0 |
| | 45961 | 979 y(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)j Fj(T)43 b(>)30 b Fw(1;)k(to)g(a)m(v)m(oid)f |
| | 45962 | (suc)m(h)j(problems,)d(often)h(an)g(extra)g(\014ctitious)f(particle)f |
| | 45963 | (is)i(in)m(tro)s(duced)g(to)0 1087 y(balance)e(the)h(total)e(momen)m |
| | 45964 | (tum)g([Bra79].)146 1196 y(Eq.)j(\(221\))e(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)h(rewritten)f |
| | 45965 | (as)1449 1618 y Fj(T)42 b Fw(=)36 b(max)1651 1674 y Fh(\017)1680 |
| | 45966 | 1684 y Fe(i)1706 1674 y Fl(=)p Fk(\006)p Fl(1)1894 1324 |
| | 45967 | y Fg(\014)1894 1374 y(\014)1894 1424 y(\014)1894 1474 |
| | 45968 | y(\014)1894 1523 y(\014)1922 1391 y(X)1970 1573 y Fh(i)2058 |
| | 45969 | 1474 y Fj(\017)2097 1489 y Fh(i)2143 1474 y Fo(p)2205 |
| | 45970 | 1489 y Fh(i)2233 1324 y Fg(\014)2233 1374 y(\014)2233 |
| | 45971 | 1424 y(\014)2233 1474 y(\014)2233 1523 y(\014)p 1894 |
| | 45972 | 1594 367 4 v 1936 1613 a(X)1984 1795 y Fh(i)2073 1696 |
| | 45973 | y Fn(j)p Fo(p)2163 1711 y Fh(i)2191 1696 y Fn(j)2303 |
| | 45974 | 1618 y Fj(:)1227 b Fw(\(223\))0 1982 y(\(This)33 b(ma)m(y)f(also)g(b)s |
| | 45975 | (e)g(view)m(ed)i(as)f(applying)e(eq.)j(\(222\))e(to)g(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t) |
| | 45976 | j(with)d(2)p Fj(n)g Fw(particles,)g Fj(n)h Fw(carrying)0 |
| | 45977 | 2090 y(the)e(momen)m(ta)f Fo(p)652 2105 y Fh(i)711 2090 |
| | 45978 | y Fw(and)h Fj(n)h Fw(the)f(momen)m(ta)f Fn(\000)p Fo(p)1718 |
| | 45979 | 2105 y Fh(i)1747 2090 y Fw(,)h(th)m(us)h(automatically)27 |
| | 45980 | b(balancing)j(the)h(momen)m(tum.\))0 2198 y(T)-8 b(o)38 |
| | 45981 | b(\014nd)g(the)g(thrust)g(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(and)g(axis)h(this)f(w)m(a)m |
| | 45982 | (y)-8 b(,)40 b(2)1942 2162 y Fh(n)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)2116 |
| | 45983 | 2198 y Fw(di\013eren)m(t)e(p)s(ossibilities)d(w)m(ould)i(ha)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 45984 | (to)e(b)s(e)0 2307 y(tested.)44 b(The)32 b(reduction)f(b)m(y)h(a)f |
| | 45985 | (factor)f(of)h(2)f(comes)i(from)d Fj(T)45 b Fw(b)s(eing)30 |
| | 45986 | b(unc)m(hanged)j(when)f(all)d Fj(\017)3424 2322 y Fh(i)3480 |
| | 45987 | 2307 y Fn(!)e(\000)p Fj(\017)3723 2322 y Fh(i)3752 2307 |
| | 45988 | y Fw(.)0 2415 y(Therefore)37 b(this)e(approac)m(h)h(rapidly)f(b)s |
| | 45989 | (ecomes)h(prohibitiv)m(e.)51 b(Other)36 b(exact)h(metho)s(ds)e(exist,)i |
| | 45990 | (whic)m(h)0 2523 y(`only')32 b(require)h(ab)s(out)f(4)p |
| | 45991 | Fj(n)982 2487 y Fl(2)1054 2523 y Fw(com)m(binations)f(to)h(b)s(e)h |
| | 45992 | (tried.)146 2632 y(In)39 b(the)f(implemen)m(tation)d(in)i |
| | 45993 | Fm(Jetset)p Fw(,)i(a)e(faster)i(alternativ)m(e)e(metho)s(d)g(is)h |
| | 45994 | (used,)i(in)e(whic)m(h)g(the)0 2740 y(thrust)33 b(axis)g(is)f(iterated) |
| | 45995 | g(from)f(a)h(starting)g(direction)f Fo(n)2096 2704 y |
| | 45996 | Fl(\(0\))2224 2740 y Fw(according)h(to)1327 3099 y Fo(n)1389 |
| | 45997 | 3058 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(+1\))1599 3099 y Fw(=)1740 2872 |
| | 45998 | y Fg(X)1788 3054 y Fh(i)1876 2955 y Fj(\017)p Fw(\()p |
| | 45999 | Fo(n)2015 2913 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))2130 2955 y Fn(\001)21 |
| | 46000 | b Fo(p)2241 2970 y Fh(i)2270 2955 y Fw(\))c Fo(p)2387 |
| | 46001 | 2970 y Fh(i)p 1712 3075 731 4 v 1712 3085 a Fg(\014)1712 |
| | 46002 | 3135 y(\014)1712 3185 y(\014)1712 3235 y(\014)1712 3285 |
| | 46003 | y(\014)1740 3152 y(X)1788 3334 y Fh(i)1876 3235 y Fj(\017)p |
| | 46004 | Fw(\()p Fo(n)2015 3194 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))2130 3235 |
| | 46005 | y Fn(\001)k Fo(p)2241 3250 y Fh(i)2270 3235 y Fw(\))c |
| | 46006 | Fo(p)2387 3250 y Fh(i)2415 3085 y Fg(\014)2415 3135 y(\014)2415 |
| | 46007 | 3185 y(\014)2415 3235 y(\014)2415 3285 y(\014)3557 3099 |
| | 46008 | y Fw(\(224\))0 3521 y(\(where)36 b Fj(\017)p Fw(\()p |
| | 46009 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))c(=)f(1)j(for)h Fj(x)c(>)g Fw(0)k(and)g |
| | 46010 | Fj(\017)p Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))d(=)f Fn(\000)p Fw(1)k(for)f |
| | 46011 | Fj(x)e(<)f Fw(0\).)49 b(It)35 b(is)f(easy)i(to)e(sho)m(w)i(that)f(the)g |
| | 46012 | (related)0 3640 y(thrust)j(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(will)e(nev)m(er)k |
| | 46013 | (decrease,)h Fj(T)1498 3604 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(+1\))1716 |
| | 46014 | 3640 y Fn(\025)c Fj(T)1900 3604 y Fl(\()p Fh(j)t Fl(\))1991 |
| | 46015 | 3640 y Fw(.)58 b(In)38 b(fact,)h(the)e(metho)s(d)g(normally)e(con)m(v)m |
| | 46016 | (erges)0 3748 y(in)30 b(2{4)h(iterations.)41 b(Unfortunately)-8 |
| | 46017 | b(,)31 b(this)g(con)m(v)m(ergence)j(need)e(not)f(b)s(e)g(to)m(w)m(ards) |
| | 46018 | i(the)e(correct)h(thrust)0 3857 y(axis)d(but)g(is)f(o)s(ccasionally)f |
| | 46019 | (only)h(to)m(w)m(ards)i(a)e(lo)s(cal)f(maxim)m(um)f(of)i(the)i(thrust)f |
| | 46020 | (function)f([Bra79].)42 b(W)-8 b(e)0 3965 y(kno)m(w)39 |
| | 46021 | b(of)f(no)g(fo)s(olpro)s(of)d(w)m(a)m(y)k(around)f(this)g |
| | 46022 | (complication,)e(but)i(the)h(danger)f(of)g(an)g(error)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e) |
| | 46023 | 0 4073 y(lo)m(w)m(ered)33 b(if)e(sev)m(eral)i(di\013eren)m(t)f |
| | 46024 | (starting)f(axes)i Fo(n)1784 4037 y Fl(\(0\))1911 4073 |
| | 46025 | y Fw(are)f(tried)f(and)i(found)f(to)f(agree.)44 b(These)34 |
| | 46026 | b Fo(n)3523 4037 y Fl(\(0\))3649 4073 y Fw(are)0 4182 |
| | 46027 | y(suitably)c(constructed)j(from)d(the)h Fj(n)1348 4146 |
| | 46028 | y Fk(0)1403 4182 y Fw(\(b)m(y)g(default)g(4\))f(particles)h(with)f(the) |
| | 46029 | i(largest)e(momen)m(ta)g(in)g(the)0 4302 y(ev)m(en)m(t,)j(and)d(the)h |
| | 46030 | (2)685 4266 y Fh(n)728 4243 y Fd(0)750 4266 y Fk(\000)p |
| | 46031 | Fl(1)874 4302 y Fw(starting)e(directions)1678 4236 y |
| | 46032 | Fg(P)1766 4323 y Fh(i)1810 4302 y Fj(\017)1849 4317 y |
| | 46033 | Fh(i)1894 4302 y Fo(p)1956 4317 y Fh(i)2015 4302 y Fw(constructed)j |
| | 46034 | (from)d(these)i(are)g(tried)e(in)h(falling)0 4411 y(order)38 |
| | 46035 | b(of)f(the)h(corresp)s(onding)f(absolute)h(momen)m(tum)e(v)-5 |
| | 46036 | b(alues.)58 b(When)39 b(a)e(predetermined)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)0 |
| | 46037 | 4519 y(of)33 b(the)h(starting)f(axes)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(giv)m(en)f(con)m(v) |
| | 46038 | m(ergence)i(to)m(w)m(ards)f(the)f(same)f(\(b)s(est\))h(thrust)h(axis)e |
| | 46039 | (this)g(one)0 4627 y(is)f(accepted.)146 4736 y(In)37 |
| | 46040 | b(the)g(plane)f(p)s(erp)s(endicular)g(to)g(the)h(thrust)g(axis,)h(a)e |
| | 46041 | (ma)5 b(jor)35 b([MAR79])i(axis)f(and)h(v)-5 b(alue)36 |
| | 46042 | b(ma)m(y)0 4844 y(b)s(e)d(de\014ned)h(in)e(just)h(the)g(same)f(fashion) |
| | 46043 | g(as)h(thrust,)g(i.e.)1272 5202 y Fj(M)1366 5217 y Fh(a)1436 |
| | 46044 | 5202 y Fw(=)156 b(max)1540 5266 y Fk(j)p Fa(n)p Fk(j)p |
| | 46045 | Fl(=1)p Fh(;)10 b Fa(n)p Fk(\001)p Fa(v)1853 5275 y Ff(1)1888 |
| | 46046 | 5266 y Fl(=0)2021 4975 y Fg(X)2069 5158 y Fh(i)2158 5058 |
| | 46047 | y Fn(j)p Fo(n)22 b Fn(\001)g Fo(p)2382 5073 y Fh(i)2410 |
| | 46048 | 5058 y Fn(j)p 2021 5179 417 4 v 2088 5197 a Fg(X)2136 |
| | 46049 | 5380 y Fh(i)2225 5280 y Fn(j)p Fo(p)2315 5295 y Fh(i)2343 |
| | 46050 | 5280 y Fn(j)2480 5202 y Fj(:)1050 b Fw(\(225\))0 5561 |
| | 46051 | y(In)38 b(a)f(plane)g(more)g(e\016cien)m(t)h(metho)s(ds)f(can)h(b)s(e)g |
| | 46052 | (used)g(to)f(\014nd)h(an)g(axis)f(than)h(in)e(three)i(dimensions)0 |
| | 46053 | 5669 y([W)-8 b(u79],)40 b(but)e(for)g(simplicit)m(y)d(w)m(e)k(use)g |
| | 46054 | (the)g(same)f(metho)s(d)f(as)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)61 b(Finally)-8 |
| | 46055 | b(,)36 b(a)i(third)g(axis,)h(the)1817 5953 y(293)p eop |
| | 46056 | %%Page: 294 300 |
| | 46057 | 294 299 bop 0 -18 a Fw(minor)30 b(axis,)j(is)e(de\014ned)j(p)s(erp)s |
| | 46058 | (endicular)d(to)h(the)h(thrust)f(and)h(ma)5 b(jor)31 |
| | 46059 | b(ones,)i(and)f(a)g(minor)e(v)-5 b(alue)32 b Fj(M)3751 |
| | 46060 | -3 y Fh(i)0 90 y Fw(is)f(calculated)g(just)i(as)f(thrust)g(and)g(ma)5 |
| | 46061 | b(jor.)43 b(The)33 b(di\013erence)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(ma)5 |
| | 46062 | b(jor)31 b(and)h(minor)e(is)i(called)0 198 y(oblateness,)h |
| | 46063 | Fj(O)e Fw(=)d Fj(M)798 213 y Fh(a)862 198 y Fn(\000)23 |
| | 46064 | b Fj(M)1056 213 y Fh(i)1084 198 y Fw(.)44 b(The)34 b(upp)s(er)f(limit)c |
| | 46065 | (on)k(oblateness)g(dep)s(ends)i(on)d(the)i(thrust)f(v)-5 |
| | 46066 | b(alue)32 b(in)0 307 y(a)j(not)h(so)g(simple)e(w)m(a)m(y)-8 |
| | 46067 | b(.)54 b(In)36 b(general)f Fj(O)g Fn(\031)f Fw(0)h(corresp)s(onds)i(to) |
| | 46068 | e(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(symmetrical)33 b(around)j(the)0 |
| | 46069 | 415 y(thrust)d(axis)g(and)f(high)g Fj(O)j Fw(to)d(a)g(planar)g(ev)m(en) |
| | 46070 | m(t.)146 523 y(As)f(in)f(the)h(case)g(of)f(sphericit)m(y)-8 |
| | 46071 | b(,)31 b(a)f(generalization)e(to)i(arbitrary)f(momen)m(tum)g(dep)s |
| | 46072 | (endence)k(ma)m(y)0 632 y(easily)42 b(b)s(e)g(obtained,)i(here)f(b)m(y) |
| | 46073 | h(replacing)d(the)i Fo(p)1895 647 y Fh(i)1965 632 y Fw(in)f(the)h(form) |
| | 46074 | m(ulae)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(b)m(y)h Fn(j)p Fo(p)3199 647 |
| | 46075 | y Fh(i)3227 632 y Fn(j)3255 595 y Fh(r)r Fk(\000)p Fl(1)3399 |
| | 46076 | 632 y Fo(p)3461 647 y Fh(i)3490 632 y Fw(.)72 b(This)0 |
| | 46077 | 740 y(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)30 b(is)j(included,)f(although)f(so)i(far)f(it) |
| | 46078 | g(has)h(not)f(found)h(an)m(y)g(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)f(use.)0 |
| | 46079 | 988 y Fo(15.1.3)113 b(F)-9 b(o)m(x-W)g(olfram)36 b(momen)m(ts)0 |
| | 46080 | 1160 y Fw(The)e(F)-8 b(o)m(x-W)g(olfram)29 b(momen)m(ts)k |
| | 46081 | Fj(H)1281 1175 y Fh(l)1306 1160 y Fw(,)g Fj(l)d Fw(=)d(0)p |
| | 46082 | Fj(;)17 b Fw(1)p Fj(;)g Fw(2)p Fj(;)g(:)g(:)g(:)n Fw(,)33 |
| | 46083 | b(are)g(de\014ned)h(b)m(y)f([F)-8 b(o)m(x79])1287 1435 |
| | 46084 | y Fj(H)1368 1450 y Fh(l)1422 1435 y Fw(=)1525 1352 y |
| | 46085 | Fg(X)1547 1535 y Fh(i;j)1672 1368 y Fn(j)p Fo(p)1762 |
| | 46086 | 1383 y Fh(i)1790 1368 y Fn(j)17 b(j)p Fo(p)1925 1383 |
| | 46087 | y Fh(j)1961 1368 y Fn(j)p 1672 1412 317 4 v 1749 1504 |
| | 46088 | a Fj(E)1827 1469 y Fl(2)1821 1527 y(vis)2015 1435 y Fj(P)2078 |
| | 46089 | 1450 y Fh(l)2104 1435 y Fw(\(cos)g Fj(\022)2334 1450 |
| | 46090 | y Fh(ij)2395 1435 y Fw(\))32 b Fj(;)1065 b Fw(\(226\))0 |
| | 46091 | 1733 y(where)36 b Fj(\022)329 1748 y Fh(ij)424 1733 y |
| | 46092 | Fw(is)e(the)g(op)s(ening)g(angle)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(hadrons)f |
| | 46093 | Fj(i)f Fw(and)h Fj(j)40 b Fw(and)34 b Fj(E)2669 1748 |
| | 46094 | y Fl(vis)2793 1733 y Fw(the)h(total)d(visible)h(energy)0 |
| | 46095 | 1841 y(of)42 b(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t.)74 b(Note)43 b(that)f(also)f(auto)s |
| | 46096 | (correlations,)i Fj(i)i Fw(=)f Fj(j)6 b Fw(,)45 b(are)d(included.)73 |
| | 46097 | b(The)43 b Fj(P)3272 1856 y Fh(l)3298 1841 y Fw(\()p |
| | 46098 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))g(are)f(the)0 1950 y(Legendre)34 b(p)s(olynomials,)1204 |
| | 46099 | 2158 y Fj(P)1267 2173 y Fl(0)1306 2158 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p |
| | 46100 | Fw(\))83 b(=)g(1)33 b Fj(;)1204 2291 y(P)1267 2306 y |
| | 46101 | Fl(1)1306 2291 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))83 b(=)g Fj(x)33 |
| | 46102 | b(;)1204 2481 y(P)1267 2496 y Fl(2)1306 2481 y Fw(\()p |
| | 46103 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))83 b(=)1689 2413 y(1)p 1689 2457 49 4 v |
| | 46104 | 1689 2549 a(2)1765 2481 y(\(3)p Fj(x)1907 2439 y Fl(2)1968 |
| | 46105 | 2481 y Fn(\000)23 b Fw(1\))32 b Fj(;)1204 2714 y(P)1267 |
| | 46106 | 2729 y Fl(3)1306 2714 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))83 b(=)1689 |
| | 46107 | 2646 y(1)p 1689 2690 V 1689 2782 a(2)1765 2714 y(\(5)p |
| | 46108 | Fj(x)1907 2673 y Fl(3)1968 2714 y Fn(\000)23 b Fw(3)p |
| | 46109 | Fj(x)p Fw(\))33 b Fj(;)1204 2947 y(P)1267 2962 y Fl(4)1306 |
| | 46110 | 2947 y Fw(\()p Fj(x)p Fw(\))83 b(=)1689 2879 y(1)p 1689 |
| | 46111 | 2924 V 1689 3015 a(8)1765 2947 y(\(35)p Fj(x)1956 2906 |
| | 46112 | y Fl(4)2017 2947 y Fn(\000)23 b Fw(30)p Fj(x)2270 2906 |
| | 46113 | y Fl(2)2331 2947 y Fw(+)f(3\))33 b Fj(:)981 b Fw(\(227\))0 |
| | 46114 | 3192 y(T)-8 b(o)25 b(the)h(exten)m(t)h(that)e(particle)f(masses)i(ma)m |
| | 46115 | (y)f(b)s(e)g(neglected,)i Fj(H)2310 3207 y Fl(0)2377 |
| | 46116 | 3192 y Fn(\021)i Fw(1.)40 b(It)26 b(is)e(customary)i(to)f(normalize)0 |
| | 46117 | 3301 y(the)32 b(results)h(to)f Fj(H)677 3316 y Fl(0)716 |
| | 46118 | 3301 y Fw(,)g(i.e.)43 b(to)32 b(giv)m(e)g Fj(H)1343 3316 |
| | 46119 | y Fh(l)q Fl(0)1431 3301 y Fw(=)c Fj(H)1616 3316 y Fh(l)1642 |
| | 46120 | 3301 y Fj(=H)1772 3316 y Fl(0)1811 3301 y Fw(.)43 b(If)32 |
| | 46121 | b(momen)m(tum)f(is)g(balanced)h(then)h Fj(H)3296 3316 |
| | 46122 | y Fl(1)3363 3301 y Fn(\021)28 b Fw(0.)43 b(2-jet)0 3409 |
| | 46123 | y(ev)m(en)m(ts)35 b(tend)e(to)f(giv)m(e)h Fj(H)919 3424 |
| | 46124 | y Fh(l)972 3409 y Fn(\031)c Fw(1)j(for)g Fj(l)j Fw(ev)m(en)f(and)e |
| | 46125 | Fn(\031)d Fw(0)j(for)g Fj(l)j Fw(o)s(dd.)0 3657 y Fo(15.1.4)113 |
| | 46126 | b(Jet)36 b(masses)0 3829 y Fw(The)29 b(particles)e(of)h(an)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 46127 | (t)j(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(divided)g(in)m(to)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(classes.)42 |
| | 46128 | b(F)-8 b(or)28 b(eac)m(h)g(class)h(a)e(squared)j(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 46129 | b(ari-)0 3938 y(an)m(t)33 b(mass)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(calculated,)f |
| | 46130 | Fj(M)1348 3902 y Fl(2)1338 3962 y(1)1422 3938 y Fw(and)h |
| | 46131 | Fj(M)1716 3902 y Fl(2)1706 3962 y(2)1756 3938 y Fw(.)45 |
| | 46132 | b(If)33 b(the)g(assignmen)m(t)g(of)f(particles)h(is)f(adjusted)i(suc)m |
| | 46133 | (h)0 4046 y(that)e(the)g(sum)g Fj(M)688 4010 y Fl(2)678 |
| | 46134 | 4071 y(1)750 4046 y Fw(+)21 b Fj(M)951 4010 y Fl(2)941 |
| | 46135 | 4071 y(2)1023 4046 y Fw(is)32 b(minimized,)d(the)j(t)m(w)m(o)h(masses)g |
| | 46136 | (th)m(us)g(obtained)f(are)g(called)f(hea)m(vy)i(and)0 |
| | 46137 | 4154 y(ligh)m(t)f(jet)i(mass,)g Fj(M)733 4169 y Fl(H)824 |
| | 46138 | 4154 y Fw(and)f Fj(M)1108 4169 y Fl(L)1157 4154 y Fw(.)47 |
| | 46139 | b(It)33 b(has)h(b)s(een)h(sho)m(wn)g(that)e(these)i(quan)m(tities)e |
| | 46140 | (are)h(w)m(ell)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(ed)i(in)0 4263 y(p)s(erturbation)28 |
| | 46141 | b(theory)i([Cla79)o(].)43 b(In)30 b(e)1401 4227 y Fl(+)1460 |
| | 46142 | 4263 y Fw(e)1503 4227 y Fk(\000)1592 4263 y Fw(annihilation,)c(the)k |
| | 46143 | (hea)m(vy)h(jet)e(mass)g(obtains)g(a)g(con)m(tribu-)0 |
| | 46144 | 4371 y(tion)e(from)g(q)p 473 4318 52 4 v(q)q(g)i(3-jet)e(ev)m(en)m(ts,) |
| | 46145 | 32 b(whereas)d(the)g(ligh)m(t)d(mass)i(is)g(non-v)-5 |
| | 46146 | b(anishing)26 b(only)i(when)h(4-jet)e(ev)m(en)m(ts)0 |
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| | 46148 | b(frame)32 b(of)g(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(one)f(has)g(the)g(limits)c(0)f |
| | 46149 | Fn(\024)g Fj(M)3154 4443 y Fl(2)3144 4504 y(H)3229 4479 |
| | 46150 | y Fn(\024)g Fj(E)3412 4443 y Fl(2)3406 4504 y(cm)3501 |
| | 46151 | 4479 y Fj(=)p Fw(3.)146 4588 y(In)i(general,)f(the)g(sub)s(division)f |
| | 46152 | (of)h(particles)f(tends)i(to)f(b)s(e)g(in)m(to)f(t)m(w)m(o)i |
| | 46153 | (hemispheres,)h(separated)f(b)m(y)0 4696 y(a)k(plane)g(p)s(erp)s |
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| | 46155 | b(with)f(thrust,)i(it)e(is)g(time-consuming)e(to)i(\014nd)h(the)0 |
| | 46156 | 4804 y(exact)g(solution.)47 b(Di\013eren)m(t)33 b(appro)m(ximate)g |
| | 46157 | (strategies)i(ma)m(y)e(therefore)i(b)s(e)f(used.)50 b(In)34 |
| | 46158 | b(the)h(program,)0 4913 y(the)i(sphericit)m(y)f(axis)g(is)g(used)h(to)f |
| | 46159 | (p)s(erform)f(a)h(fast)g(sub)s(division)f(in)m(to)g(t)m(w)m(o)i |
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| | 46161 | (preliminary)d(jets.)42 b(Thereafter)27 b(one)g(particle)e(at)i(a)f |
| | 46162 | (time)f(is)h(tested)i(to)e(determine)g(whether)0 5130 |
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| | 46164 | 5130 y Fw(+)26 b Fj(M)760 5093 y Fl(2)750 5154 y(2)837 |
| | 46165 | 5130 y Fw(w)m(ould)38 b(b)s(e)g(decreased)h(if)e(that)g(particle)f(w)m |
| | 46166 | (ere)j(to)e(b)s(e)h(assigned)g(to)f(the)h(other)0 5238 |
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| | 46170 | (is,)j(i.e.)62 b(the)39 b(sphericit)m(y)g(axis)g(giv)m(es)g(a)f(go)s(o) |
| | 46171 | s(d)g(separation.)0 5455 y(This)28 b(is)g(not)g(a)g(full)e(guaran)m |
| | 46172 | (tee,)k(since)e(the)h(program)d(migh)m(t)h(get)h(stuc)m(k)i(in)d(a)h |
| | 46173 | (lo)s(cal)e(mimim)m(um)e(whic)m(h)0 5563 y(is)32 b(not)h(the)g(global)d |
| | 46174 | (one.)1817 5953 y(294)p eop |
| | 46175 | %%Page: 295 301 |
| | 46176 | 295 300 bop 0 -18 a Fp(15.2)136 b(Cluster)45 b(Finding)0 |
| | 46177 | 154 y Fw(Global)22 b(ev)m(en)m(t)k(measures,)h(lik)m(e)d(sphericit)m(y) |
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| | 46179 | (jet)f(axes)0 263 y(for)36 b(bac)m(k-to-bac)m(k)i(2-jet)f(ev)m(en)m |
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| | 46181 | e(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(with)e(three)0 371 y(or)e(more)f(jets,)i(or)f(with)f |
| | 46182 | (t)m(w)m(o)i(\(main\))d(jets)j(whic)m(h)f(are)g(not)g(bac)m(k-to-bac)m |
| | 46183 | (k,)i(cluster)e(algorithms)d(are)0 479 y(customarily)e(used.)44 |
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| | 46186 | 588 y(of)c(clusters.)43 b(Eac)m(h)27 b(cluster)h(has)f(a)f(w)m |
| | 46187 | (ell-de\014ned)h(direction,)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)h(a)f(suitably)f(w)m |
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| | 46189 | (particle)f(directions.)146 804 y(The)39 b(cluster)f(algorithms)d |
| | 46190 | (traditionally)f(used)k(in)f(e)2115 768 y Fl(+)2174 804 |
| | 46191 | y Fw(e)2217 768 y Fk(\000)2314 804 y Fw(and)h(in)f(pp)h(ph)m(ysics)h |
| | 46192 | (di\013er)e(in)g(sev)m(eral)0 913 y(resp)s(ects.)75 b(The)44 |
| | 46193 | b(former)e(tend)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(spherically)e(symmetric,)k(i.e.)73 |
| | 46194 | b(ha)m(v)m(e)44 b(no)e(preferred)i(axis)e(in)0 1021 y(space,)j(and)c |
| | 46195 | (normally)e(all)g(particles)i(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(b)s(e)g(assigned)h(to)f |
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| | 46198 | (of)f(v)-5 b(ariables)37 b(related)h(to)g(this)g(c)m(hoice,)i(suc)m(h)0 |
| | 46199 | 1238 y(as)k(rapidit)m(y)e(and)i(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum;)i |
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| | 46205 | (related)h(to)f(an)m(y)h(hard)f(pro)s(cesses,)k(and)d(therefore)g(only) |
| | 46206 | 0 1671 y(pro)m(vide)k(an)g(un)m(w)m(an)m(ted)h(noise)f(to)f(man)m(y)h |
| | 46207 | (studies.)43 b(\(Of)30 b(course,)h(also)e(hard)h(pro)s(cesses)h(ma)m(y) |
| | 46208 | f(pro)s(duce)0 1779 y(particles)f(at)h(lo)m(w)g(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m |
| | 46209 | (ta,)d(but)i(at)e(a)h(rate)g(m)m(uc)m(h)h(less)f(than)g(that)g(from)f |
| | 46210 | (soft)h(or)g(semi-)0 1888 y(hard)36 b(pro)s(cesses.\))56 |
| | 46211 | b(F)-8 b(urther,)37 b(the)g(kinematics)e(of)g(hard)h(pro)s(cesses)j |
| | 46212 | (is,)d(to)g(a)g(go)s(o)s(d)f(appro)m(ximation,)0 1996 |
| | 46213 | y(factorized)27 b(in)m(to)f(the)i(hard)f(subpro)s(cess)i(itself,)e |
| | 46214 | (whic)m(h)h(is)e(b)s(o)s(ost)h(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)26 |
| | 46215 | b(in)g(rapidit)m(y)-8 b(,)27 b(and)g(parton-)0 2104 y(distribution)k |
| | 46216 | (e\013ects,)j(whic)m(h)f(determine)f(the)h(o)m(v)m(erall)f(p)s(osition) |
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| | 46221 | 2429 y(In)c(standard)g(e)714 2393 y Fl(+)773 2429 y Fw(e)816 |
| | 46222 | 2393 y Fk(\000)906 2429 y Fw(annihilation)c(ev)m(en)m(ts,)33 |
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| | 46224 | b(frame)0 2538 y(tends)29 b(to)f(b)s(e)g(almost)e(at)i(rest,)h(and)g |
| | 46225 | (the)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(axis)e(is)f(just)h(ab)s(out)g(randomly)f |
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| | 46229 | y Fw(.)41 b(All)26 b(particle)g(pro)s(duction)0 2754 |
| | 46230 | y(is)k(initiated)e(b)m(y)j(and)f(related)g(to)g(the)h(hard)f(subpro)s |
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| | 46236 | (o)m(v)m(e)h(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(required.)53 b(2)p Fj(\015)40 |
| | 46237 | b Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)e(in)d(e)3618 3043 y Fl(+)3677 3079 |
| | 46238 | y Fw(e)3720 3043 y Fk(\000)0 3188 y Fw(ma)m(y)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f |
| | 46239 | (structure)h(with)f(`b)s(eam)f(jets')i(and)f(`hard)g(scattering')g |
| | 46240 | (jets,)i(for)d(whic)m(h)i(the)f(pp)h(t)m(yp)s(e)0 3296 |
| | 46241 | y(algorithms)d(migh)m(t)i(b)s(e)h(w)m(ell)f(suited.)59 |
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| | 46244 | h(studied,)g(in)f(its)g(o)m(wn)h(rest)g(frame,)f(with)g(e)2418 |
| | 46245 | 3368 y Fl(+)2478 3404 y Fw(e)2521 3368 y Fk(\000)2613 |
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| | 46251 | 3730 y(particle)c(t)m(yp)s(es,)47 b(or)c(ev)m(en)h(of)e(mass)h(and)g(c) |
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| | 46253 | (more)e(so-)0 3838 y(phisticated)f(clustering)f(algorithms)e(can)k(b)s |
| | 46254 | (e)f(used.)70 b(The)42 b(pro)s(cedure)g(then)g(also)e(b)s(ecomes)h |
| | 46255 | (more)0 3946 y(detector-dep)s(enden)m(t,)35 b(and)e(therefore)g(less)g |
| | 46256 | (suitable)e(for)h(general)g(usage.)146 4055 y Fm(Jetset)e |
| | 46257 | Fw(con)m(tains)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(cluster)f(\014nding)f(routines.)43 |
| | 46258 | b Fq(LUCLUS)32 b Fw(is)f(of)f(the)i(e)2874 4018 y Fl(+)2933 |
| | 46259 | 4055 y Fw(e)2976 4018 y Fk(\000)3066 4055 y Fw(t)m(yp)s(e)g(and)f |
| | 46260 | Fq(LUCELL)0 4163 y Fw(of)h(the)h(pp)g(one.)44 b(Eac)m(h)33 |
| | 46261 | b(of)f(them)h(allo)m(ws)e(some)i(v)-5 b(ariations)30 |
| | 46262 | b(of)i(the)h(basic)g(sc)m(heme.)0 4411 y Fo(15.2.1)113 |
| | 46263 | b(Cluster)36 b(\014nding)i(in)e(an)i Fw(e)1496 4374 y |
| | 46264 | Fl(+)1556 4411 y Fw(e)1599 4374 y Fk(\000)1696 4411 y |
| | 46265 | Fo(t)m(yp)s(e)f(of)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)0 4583 y Fw(The)27 |
| | 46266 | b(usage)g(of)e(cluster)i(algorithms)c(for)j(e)1529 4547 |
| | 46267 | y Fl(+)1588 4583 y Fw(e)1631 4547 y Fk(\000)1716 4583 |
| | 46268 | y Fw(applications)e(started)j(in)e(the)i(late)e(1970's.)41 |
| | 46269 | b(A)26 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)0 4692 y(of)34 b(di\013eren)m(t)h(approac)m |
| | 46270 | (hes)h(w)m(ere)f(prop)s(osed)g([Bab80].)50 b(Of)34 b(these,)i(w)m(e)g |
| | 46271 | (will)c(here)j(only)f(discuss)i(those)0 4800 y(based)44 |
| | 46272 | b(on)f(binary)g(joining.)74 b(In)43 b(this)g(kind)g(of)g(approac)m(h,)j |
| | 46273 | (initially)39 b(eac)m(h)45 b(\014nal-state)d(particle)g(is)0 |
| | 46274 | 4908 y(considered)h(to)e(b)s(e)h(a)f(cluster.)71 b(Using)41 |
| | 46275 | b(some)h(distance)g(measure,)i(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)g(nearest)h(clusters)f |
| | 46276 | (are)0 5017 y(found.)69 b(If)42 b(their)e(distance)i(is)e(smaller)g |
| | 46277 | (than)h(some)g(cut-o\013)g(v)-5 b(alue,)42 b(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 46278 | (clusters)g(are)f(joined)0 5125 y(in)m(to)33 b(one.)48 |
| | 46279 | b(In)34 b(this)f(new)i(con\014guration,)e(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)f(clusters)h |
| | 46280 | (that)e(are)h(no)m(w)h(nearest)g(are)e(found)h(and)0 |
| | 46281 | 5233 y(joined,)42 b(and)f(so)h(on)e(un)m(til)g(all)f(clusters)i(are)g |
| | 46282 | (separated)h(b)m(y)g(a)f(distance)g(larger)e(than)i(the)h(cut-o\013.)0 |
| | 46283 | 5342 y(The)34 b(clusters)f(remaining)e(at)h(the)i(end)f(are)g(often)g |
| | 46284 | (also)f(called)g(jets.)45 b(Note)33 b(that,)f(in)g(this)h(approac)m(h,) |
| | 46285 | 0 5450 y(eac)m(h)c(single)e(particle)g(b)s(elongs)g(to)h(exactly)h(one) |
| | 46286 | f(cluster.)42 b(Also)28 b(note)g(that)g(the)g(resulting)f(jet)h |
| | 46287 | (picture)0 5558 y(explicitly)c(dep)s(ends)j(on)f(the)g(cut-o\013)g(v)-5 |
| | 46288 | b(alue)25 b(used.)43 b(Normally)23 b(the)j(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g |
| | 46289 | (clusters)g(is)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)1817 5953 y(295)p |
| | 46290 | eop |
| | 46291 | %%Page: 296 302 |
| | 46292 | 296 301 bop 0 -18 a Fw(v)-5 b(ary)32 b(from)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(to)e(ev)m |
| | 46293 | (en)m(t,)i(but)e(o)s(ccasionally)e(it)h(is)g(more)h(useful)g(to)g(ha)m |
| | 46294 | (v)m(e)h(the)f(cluster)h(algorithm)0 90 y(\014nd)g(a)f(predetermined)h |
| | 46295 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(jets)h(\(lik)m(e)f(3\).)146 198 |
| | 46296 | y(The)40 b(ob)m(vious)e(c)m(hoice)h(for)e(a)h(distance)h(measure)g(is)e |
| | 46297 | (to)h(use)i(squared)f(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)37 b(mass,)j(i.e.)60 |
| | 46298 | b(for)0 307 y(t)m(w)m(o)33 b(clusters)h Fj(i)e Fw(and)h |
| | 46299 | Fj(j)39 b Fw(to)32 b(de\014ne)i(the)f(distance)g(to)f(b)s(e)1226 |
| | 46300 | 488 y Fj(m)1311 447 y Fl(2)1311 513 y Fh(ij)1399 488 |
| | 46301 | y Fw(=)c(\()p Fj(E)1613 503 y Fh(i)1663 488 y Fw(+)22 |
| | 46302 | b Fj(E)1833 503 y Fh(j)1870 488 y Fw(\))1908 447 y Fl(2)1970 |
| | 46303 | 488 y Fn(\000)g Fw(\()p Fo(p)2169 503 y Fh(i)2220 488 |
| | 46304 | y Fw(+)g Fo(p)2380 503 y Fh(j)2417 488 y Fw(\))2455 447 |
| | 46305 | y Fl(2)2527 488 y Fj(:)1003 b Fw(\(228\))0 682 y(\(Equiv)-5 |
| | 46306 | b(alen)m(tly)d(,)32 b(one)g(could)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(used)f(the)g(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 46307 | b(arian)m(t)31 b(mass)h(as)h(measure)g(rather)f(than)g(its)g(square;)0 |
| | 46308 | 790 y(this)i(is)g(just)h(a)f(matter)g(of)g(con)m(v)m(enience.\))51 |
| | 46309 | b(In)35 b(fact,)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(p)s(eople)g(\(including)f |
| | 46310 | (the)i(author\))0 899 y(tried)29 b(this)g(measure)h(long)f(ago)g(and)g |
| | 46311 | (ga)m(v)m(e)i(up)f(on)f(it,)g(since)i(it)d(turns)i(out)g(to)f(ha)m(v)m |
| | 46312 | (e)i(sev)m(ere)h(instabilit)m(y)0 1007 y(problems.)61 |
| | 46313 | b(The)40 b(reason)f(is)f(w)m(ell)g(understo)s(o)s(d:)56 |
| | 46314 | b(in)38 b(general,)h(particles)f(tend)h(to)g(cluster)g(closer)f(in)0 |
| | 46315 | 1115 y(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)30 b(mass)h(in)g(the)h(region)e(of)h |
| | 46316 | (small)e(momen)m(ta.)42 b(The)32 b(clustering)f(pro)s(cess)h(therefore) |
| | 46317 | g(tends)h(to)0 1224 y(start)28 b(in)f(the)h(cen)m(ter)i(of)d(the)h(ev)m |
| | 46318 | (en)m(t,)j(and)d(only)g(subsequen)m(tly)i(spread)f(out)m(w)m(ards)g(to) |
| | 46319 | f(encompass)g(also)0 1332 y(the)35 b(fast)g(particles.)49 |
| | 46320 | b(Rather)35 b(than)f(clustering)g(slo)m(w)h(particles)f(around)h(the)g |
| | 46321 | (fast)g(ones)g(\(where)h(the)0 1440 y(latter)h(na)-11 |
| | 46322 | b(\177)-38 b(\020v)m(ely)39 b(should)f(b)s(est)h(represen)m(t)h(the)f |
| | 46323 | (jet)g(directions\),)g(the)g(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)37 |
| | 46324 | b(mass)h(measure)h(will)0 1549 y(tend)33 b(to)f(cluster)h(fast)g |
| | 46325 | (particles)f(around)g(the)h(slo)m(w)g(ones.)146 1657 |
| | 46326 | y(Another)g(instabilit)m(y)d(ma)m(y)j(b)s(e)g(seen)g(b)m(y)h |
| | 46327 | (considering)e(the)h(clustering)f(in)f(a)i(simple)e(2-jet)h(ev)m(en)m |
| | 46328 | (t.)0 1765 y(By)27 b(the)g(time)e(that)h(clustering)g(has)g(reac)m(hed) |
| | 46329 | i(the)f(lev)m(el)f(of)g(three)h(clusters,)h(the)f(`b)s(est')g(the)g |
| | 46330 | (clustering)0 1874 y(algorithm)36 b(can)j(p)s(ossibly)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i |
| | 46331 | (ac)m(hiev)m(ed,)i(in)c(terms)h(of)f(\014nding)h(three)g(lo)m(w-mass)f |
| | 46332 | (clusters,)j(is)e(to)0 1982 y(ha)m(v)m(e)45 b(one)e(fast)g(cluster)h |
| | 46333 | (around)f(eac)m(h)h(jet,)i(plus)d(a)g(third)g(slo)m(w)g(cluster)h(in)e |
| | 46334 | (the)i(middle.)73 b(In)44 b(the)0 2090 y(last)f(step)h(this)f(third)g |
| | 46335 | (cluster)h(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)h(joined)f(with)g(one)h(of)f(the)h(fast)f |
| | 46336 | (ones,)k(to)d(pro)s(duce)g(t)m(w)m(o)0 2199 y(\014nal)29 |
| | 46337 | b(asymmetric)f(clusters:)42 b(one)30 b(cluster)g(w)m(ould)f(con)m(tain) |
| | 46338 | g(all)e(the)j(slo)m(w)f(particles,)g(also)g(those)h(that)0 |
| | 46339 | 2307 y(visually)h(lo)s(ok)h(lik)m(e)g(b)s(elonging)f(to)h(the)h(opp)s |
| | 46340 | (osite)f(jet.)44 b(A)33 b(simple)e(binary)i(joining)d(pro)s(cess,)k |
| | 46341 | (with)f(no)0 2415 y(p)s(ossiblit)m(y)e(to)i(reassign)f(particles)g(b)s |
| | 46342 | (et)m(w)m(een)j(clusters,)e(is)f(therefore)h(not)g(lik)m(ely)e(to)h(b)s |
| | 46343 | (e)h(optimal.)146 2524 y(The)46 b(solution)d(adopted)h(b)m(y)i(the)e |
| | 46344 | (author)g([Sj\177)-49 b(o83])44 b(is)g(to)g(reject)h(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 46345 | b(arian)m(t)43 b(mass)i(as)f(distance)0 2632 y(measure.)d(Instead)25 |
| | 46346 | b(a)f(jet)g(is)f(de\014ned)j(as)e(a)f(collection)f(of)i(particles)f |
| | 46347 | (whic)m(h)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)d(limited)e(transv)m(erse)0 |
| | 46348 | 2741 y(momen)m(tum)28 b(with)h(resp)s(ect)h(to)f(a)g(common)f(jet)h |
| | 46349 | (axis,)h(and)g(hence)g(also)f(with)g(resp)s(ect)h(to)f(eac)m(h)h |
| | 46350 | (other.)0 2849 y(This)47 b(picture)g(is)f(clearly)g(inspired)g(b)m(y)i |
| | 46351 | (the)f(standard)g(fragmen)m(tation)e(picture,)51 b(e.g.)86 |
| | 46352 | b(in)46 b(string)0 2957 y(fragmen)m(tation.)41 b(A)32 |
| | 46353 | b(distance)g(measure)f Fj(d)1579 2972 y Fh(ij)1671 2957 |
| | 46354 | y Fw(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(t)m(w)m(o)e(particles)e(\(or)h(clusters\))i |
| | 46355 | (with)e(momen)m(ta)0 3066 y Fo(p)62 3081 y Fh(i)132 3066 |
| | 46356 | y Fw(and)42 b Fo(p)393 3081 y Fh(j)472 3066 y Fw(should)f(th)m(us)i |
| | 46357 | (not)f(dep)s(end)h(critically)c(on)i(the)h(longitudinal)d(momen)m(ta)h |
| | 46358 | (but)i(only)g(on)0 3174 y(the)37 b(relativ)m(e)e(transv)m(erse)j(momen) |
| | 46359 | m(tum.)53 b(A)36 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(suc)m(h)i(measures)f(w)m(ere) |
| | 46360 | g(tried,)f(and)h(the)f(one)0 3282 y(ev)m(en)m(tually)d(selected)h(is) |
| | 46361 | 481 3533 y Fj(d)532 3492 y Fl(2)532 3558 y Fh(ij)619 |
| | 46362 | 3533 y Fw(=)733 3466 y(1)p 733 3510 49 4 v 733 3602 a(2)808 |
| | 46363 | 3533 y(\()p Fn(j)p Fo(p)936 3548 y Fh(i)964 3533 y Fn(j)17 |
| | 46364 | b(j)p Fo(p)1099 3548 y Fh(j)1135 3533 y Fn(j)22 b(\000)h |
| | 46365 | Fo(p)1347 3548 y Fh(i)1397 3533 y Fn(\001)f Fo(p)1509 |
| | 46366 | 3548 y Fh(j)1546 3533 y Fw(\))1687 3466 y(4)17 b Fn(j)p |
| | 46367 | Fo(p)1843 3481 y Fh(i)1870 3466 y Fn(j)g(j)p Fo(p)2005 |
| | 46368 | 3481 y Fh(j)2041 3466 y Fn(j)p 1610 3510 536 4 v 1610 |
| | 46369 | 3602 a Fw(\()p Fn(j)p Fo(p)1738 3617 y Fh(i)1766 3602 |
| | 46370 | y Fn(j)22 b Fw(+)g Fn(j)p Fo(p)2004 3617 y Fh(j)2041 |
| | 46371 | 3602 y Fn(j)p Fw(\))2107 3573 y Fl(2)2183 3533 y Fw(=)2297 |
| | 46372 | 3466 y(4)17 b Fn(j)p Fo(p)2453 3481 y Fh(i)2480 3466 |
| | 46373 | y Fn(j)2508 3430 y Fl(2)2564 3466 y Fn(j)p Fo(p)2654 |
| | 46374 | 3481 y Fh(j)2690 3466 y Fn(j)2718 3430 y Fl(2)2791 3466 |
| | 46375 | y Fw(sin)2911 3426 y Fl(2)2950 3466 y Fw(\()p Fj(\022)3033 |
| | 46376 | 3481 y Fh(ij)3094 3466 y Fj(=)p Fw(2\))p 2297 3510 933 |
| | 46377 | 4 v 2495 3602 a(\()p Fn(j)p Fo(p)2623 3617 y Fh(i)2651 |
| | 46378 | 3602 y Fn(j)22 b Fw(+)g Fn(j)p Fo(p)2889 3617 y Fh(j)2926 |
| | 46379 | 3602 y Fn(j)p Fw(\))2992 3573 y Fl(2)3272 3533 y Fj(:)258 |
| | 46380 | b Fw(\(229\))146 3786 y(F)-8 b(or)36 b(small)d(relativ)m(e)j(angle)f |
| | 46381 | Fj(\022)1237 3801 y Fh(ij)1298 3786 y Fw(,)i(where)g(2)17 |
| | 46382 | b(sin)o(\()p Fj(\022)1915 3801 y Fh(ij)1976 3786 y Fj(=)p |
| | 46383 | Fw(2\))33 b Fn(\031)h Fw(sin)17 b Fj(\022)2438 3801 y |
| | 46384 | Fh(ij)2535 3786 y Fw(and)36 b(cos)17 b Fj(\022)2920 3801 |
| | 46385 | y Fh(ij)3015 3786 y Fn(\031)34 b Fw(1,)i(this)g(measure)0 |
| | 46386 | 3894 y(reduces)e(to)1545 4044 y Fj(d)1596 4059 y Fh(ij)1684 |
| | 46387 | 4044 y Fn(\031)1799 3977 y(j)p Fo(p)1889 3992 y Fh(i)1939 |
| | 46388 | 3977 y Fn(\002)23 b Fo(p)2101 3992 y Fh(j)2137 3977 y |
| | 46389 | Fn(j)p 1799 4021 367 4 v 1800 4113 a(j)p Fo(p)1890 4128 |
| | 46390 | y Fh(i)1940 4113 y Fw(+)f Fo(p)2100 4128 y Fh(j)2137 |
| | 46391 | 4113 y Fn(j)2208 4044 y Fj(;)1322 b Fw(\(230\))0 4261 |
| | 46392 | y(where)41 b(`)p Fn(\002)p Fw(')g(represen)m(ts)h(the)f(cross)g(pro)s |
| | 46393 | (duct.)66 b(W)-8 b(e)40 b(therefore)h(see)g(that)f Fj(d)2803 |
| | 46394 | 4276 y Fh(ij)2903 4261 y Fw(in)f(this)h(limit)d(has)j(the)0 |
| | 46395 | 4369 y(simple)27 b(ph)m(ysical)h(in)m(terpretation)g(as)h(the)g(transv) |
| | 46396 | m(erse)h(momen)m(tum)d(of)h(either)h(particle)e(with)h(resp)s(ect)0 |
| | 46397 | 4478 y(to)35 b(the)g(direction)f(giv)m(en)h(b)m(y)g(the)h(sum)f(of)f |
| | 46398 | (the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(particle)d(momen)m(ta.)50 b(Unlik)m(e)34 |
| | 46399 | b(the)h(appro)m(ximate)0 4586 y(expression,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)g |
| | 46400 | Fj(d)952 4601 y Fh(ij)1046 4586 y Fw(do)s(es)f(not)e(v)-5 |
| | 46401 | b(anish)34 b(for)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(bac)m(k-to-bac)m(k)g(particles,)e(but)h |
| | 46402 | (is)g(here)g(more)0 4694 y(related)e(to)g(the)h(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 46403 | b(arian)m(t)32 b(mass)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(them.)146 |
| | 46404 | 4803 y(The)29 b(basic)e(sc)m(heme)h(is)f(of)g(the)h(binary)f(joining)e |
| | 46405 | (t)m(yp)s(e,)k(i.e.)42 b(initially)23 b(eac)m(h)28 b(particle)e(is)h |
| | 46406 | (assumed)h(to)0 4911 y(b)s(e)33 b(a)g(cluster)h(b)m(y)g(itself.)43 |
| | 46407 | b(Then)35 b(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)h(clusters)g(with)f(smallest)e(relativ)m(e) |
| | 46408 | i(distance)g Fj(d)3282 4926 y Fh(ij)3375 4911 y Fw(are)g(found)0 |
| | 46409 | 5019 y(and,)i(if)f Fj(d)362 5034 y Fh(ij)453 5019 y Fj(<)d(d)611 |
| | 46410 | 5034 y Fl(join)730 5019 y Fw(,)36 b(with)e Fj(d)1068 |
| | 46411 | 5034 y Fl(join)1222 5019 y Fw(some)g(predetermined)h(distance,)h(the)f |
| | 46412 | (t)m(w)m(o)g(clusters)g(are)g(joined)f(to)0 5128 y(one,)i(i.e.)49 |
| | 46413 | b(their)34 b(momen)m(ta)g(are)g(added)i(v)m(ectorially)d(to)h(giv)m(e)h |
| | 46414 | (the)g(momen)m(tum)e(of)h(the)h(new)h(cluster.)0 5236 |
| | 46415 | y(This)46 b(is)f(rep)s(eated)h(un)m(til)f(the)h(distance)g(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 46416 | (een)h(an)m(y)g(t)m(w)m(o)f(clusters)g(is)g Fj(>)j(d)3014 |
| | 46417 | 5251 y Fl(join)3134 5236 y Fw(.)82 b(The)47 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)0 |
| | 46418 | 5344 y(and)41 b(momen)m(ta)e(of)h(these)i(\014nal)e(clusters)i(then)f |
| | 46419 | (represen)m(t)i(our)d(reconstruction)h(of)f(the)i(initial)36 |
| | 46420 | b(jet)0 5453 y(con\014guration,)c(and)g(eac)m(h)i(particle)d(is)h |
| | 46421 | (assigned)h(to)f(one)h(of)f(the)h(clusters.)146 5561 |
| | 46422 | y(T)-8 b(o)27 b(mak)m(e)g(this)f(sc)m(heme)i(w)m(ork)-5 |
| | 46423 | b(able,)28 b(t)m(w)m(o)f(further)g(ingredien)m(ts)f(are)h(necessary)-8 |
| | 46424 | b(,)30 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)44 b(Firstly)-8 b(,)0 5669 |
| | 46425 | y(after)46 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(clusters)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)g(joined,)j |
| | 46426 | (some)c(particles)f(b)s(elonging)f(to)i(the)h(new)g(cluster)g(ma)m(y) |
| | 46427 | 1817 5953 y(296)p eop |
| | 46428 | %%Page: 297 303 |
| | 46429 | 297 302 bop 0 -18 a Fw(actually)33 b(b)s(e)h(closer)g(to)g(another)g |
| | 46430 | (cluster.)48 b(Hence,)36 b(after)e(eac)m(h)h(joining,)e(all)f |
| | 46431 | (particles)h(in)g(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t)0 90 y(are)g(reassigned)h(to)f(the) |
| | 46432 | h(closest)f(of)g(the)h(clusters.)52 b(F)-8 b(or)35 b(particle)f |
| | 46433 | Fj(i)p Fw(,)i(this)f(means)g(that)g(the)h(distance)0 |
| | 46434 | 198 y Fj(d)51 213 y Fh(ij)138 198 y Fw(to)26 b(all)f(clusters)i |
| | 46435 | Fj(j)32 b Fw(in)26 b(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(has)e(to)f(b)s(e)h(ev)-5 |
| | 46436 | b(aluated)26 b(and)h(compared.)41 b(After)27 b(all)d(particles)i(ha)m |
| | 46437 | (v)m(e)0 307 y(b)s(een)41 b(considered,)h(and)e(only)f(then,)k(are)d |
| | 46438 | (cluster)g(momen)m(ta)e(recalculated)i(to)f(tak)m(e)i(in)m(to)e(accoun) |
| | 46439 | m(t)0 415 y(an)m(y)34 b(reassignmen)m(ts.)47 b(T)-8 b(o)34 |
| | 46440 | b(sa)m(v)m(e)h(time,)d(the)i(assignmen)m(t)f(pro)s(cedure)i(is)e(not)g |
| | 46441 | (iterated)g(un)m(til)f(a)i(stable)0 523 y(con\014guration)47 |
| | 46442 | b(is)h(reac)m(hed,)53 b(but,)f(since)d(all)d(particles)h(are)h |
| | 46443 | (reassigned)h(at)e(eac)m(h)i(step,)k(suc)m(h)d(an)0 632 |
| | 46444 | y(iteration)33 b(is)i(e\013ectiv)m(ely)h(taking)f(place)g(in)f |
| | 46445 | (parallel)f(with)i(the)h(cluster)g(joining.)49 b(Only)35 |
| | 46446 | b(at)g(the)h(v)m(ery)0 740 y(end,)41 b(when)e(all)e Fj(d)672 |
| | 46447 | 755 y Fh(ij)770 740 y Fj(>)g(d)934 755 y Fl(join)1054 |
| | 46448 | 740 y Fw(,)j(is)e(the)h(reassignmen)m(t)f(pro)s(cedure)i(iterated)e(to) |
| | 46449 | g(con)m(v)m(ergence)j(|)d(still)0 848 y(with)30 b(the)g(p)s(ossibilit)m |
| | 46450 | (y)f(to)g(con)m(tin)m(ue)i(the)g(cluster)f(joining)e(if)h(some)h |
| | 46451 | Fj(d)2530 863 y Fh(ij)2621 848 y Fw(should)g(drop)g(b)s(elo)m(w)g |
| | 46452 | Fj(d)3478 863 y Fl(join)3628 848 y Fw(due)0 957 y(to)i(the)h |
| | 46453 | (reassignmen)m(t.)146 1065 y(Occasionally)-8 b(,)35 b(it)g(ma)m(y)g(o)s |
| | 46454 | (ccur)h(that)g(the)g(reassignmen)m(t)g(step)g(leads)g(to)f(an)h(empt)m |
| | 46455 | (y)g(cluster,)h(i.e.)0 1173 y(one)k(to)g(whic)m(h)h(no)f(particles)f |
| | 46456 | (are)h(assigned.)69 b(Since)41 b(suc)m(h)i(a)e(cluster)g(has)h(a)e |
| | 46457 | (distance)i Fj(d)3383 1188 y Fh(ij)3485 1173 y Fw(=)g(0)f(to)0 |
| | 46458 | 1282 y(an)m(y)h(other)g(cluster,)i(it)d(is)g(automatically)d(remo)m(v)m |
| | 46459 | (ed)k(in)f(the)h(next)g(cluster)g(joining.)68 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)46 |
| | 46460 | b(it)0 1390 y(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)g(run)g(the)h(program)e(in)h(a)g |
| | 46461 | (mo)s(de)g(where)h(a)g(minim)m(um)c(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j(of)g(jets)h(is)f |
| | 46462 | (to)g(b)s(e)0 1498 y(reconstructed.)58 b(If)37 b(this)f(minim)m(um)e |
| | 46463 | (is)i(reac)m(hed)i(with)f(one)g(cluster)g(empt)m(y)-8 |
| | 46464 | b(,)38 b(the)g(particle)d(is)h(found)0 1607 y(whic)m(h)43 |
| | 46465 | b(has)f(largest)g(distance)g(to)g(the)h(cluster)f(it)f(b)s(elongs)h |
| | 46466 | (to.)72 b(That)42 b(cluster)h(is)f(then)g(split)f(in)m(to)0 |
| | 46467 | 1715 y(t)m(w)m(o,)46 b(namely)c(the)h(large-distance)e(particle)g(and)i |
| | 46468 | (a)f(remainder.)73 b(Thereafter)43 b(the)g(reassignmen)m(t)0 |
| | 46469 | 1823 y(pro)s(cedure)34 b(is)e(con)m(tin)m(ued)h(as)g(b)s(efore.)146 |
| | 46470 | 1932 y(Secondly)-8 b(,)45 b(the)d(large)f(m)m(ultiplicities)c(normally) |
| | 46471 | i(encoun)m(tered)44 b(means)e(that,)i(if)c(eac)m(h)j(particle)0 |
| | 46472 | 2040 y(initially)26 b(is)j(to)h(b)s(e)g(treated)h(as)f(a)g(separate)h |
| | 46473 | (cluster,)g(the)f(program)f(will)e(b)s(ecome)j(v)m(ery)i(slo)m(w.)43 |
| | 46474 | b(There-)0 2148 y(fore)34 b(a)g(smaller)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)g |
| | 46475 | (clusters,)h(for)f(a)g(normal)e(e)2075 2112 y Fl(+)2134 |
| | 46476 | 2148 y Fw(e)2177 2112 y Fk(\000)2271 2148 y Fw(ev)m(en)m(t)k(t)m |
| | 46477 | (ypically)d(8{12,)g(is)h(constructed)0 2257 y(as)g(a)g(starting)f(p)s |
| | 46478 | (oin)m(t)g(for)g(the)i(iteration)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)j(as)f(follo)m(ws.) |
| | 46479 | 47 b(The)34 b(particle)f(with)h(the)g(highest)g(mo-)0 |
| | 46480 | 2365 y(men)m(tum)g(is)g(found,)h(and)f(thereafter)h(all)e(particles)g |
| | 46481 | (within)h(a)g(distance)g Fj(d)2778 2380 y Fh(ij)2869 |
| | 46482 | 2365 y Fj(<)d(d)3027 2380 y Fl(init)3171 2365 y Fw(from)i(it,)h(where)0 |
| | 46483 | 2473 y Fj(d)51 2488 y Fl(init)209 2473 y Fn(\034)48 b |
| | 46484 | Fj(d)408 2488 y Fl(join)527 2473 y Fw(.)80 b(T)-8 b(ogether)45 |
| | 46485 | b(these)h(are)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)e(to)i(form)e(a)h(single)g(cluster.)80 |
| | 46486 | b(F)-8 b(or)44 b(the)h(remaining)0 2582 y(particles,)40 |
| | 46487 | b(not)g(assigned)f(to)g(this)g(cluster,)j(the)d(pro)s(cedure)i(is)e |
| | 46488 | (iterated,)h(un)m(til)e(all)g(particles)g(ha)m(v)m(e)0 |
| | 46489 | 2690 y(b)s(een)k(used)g(up.)70 b(P)m(articles)41 b(in)g(the)g(cen)m |
| | 46490 | (tral)h(momen)m(tum)d(region,)k Fn(j)p Fo(p)p Fn(j)f |
| | 46491 | Fj(<)g Fw(2)p Fj(d)2944 2705 y Fl(init)3095 2690 y Fw(are)f(treated)h |
| | 46492 | (sep-)0 2798 y(arately;)47 b(if)42 b(their)g(v)m(ectorial)g(momen)m |
| | 46493 | (tum)f(sum)h(is)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(2)p Fj(d)2352 2813 |
| | 46494 | y Fl(init)2504 2798 y Fw(they)h(are)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)g(to)h(form)e(one)0 |
| | 46495 | 2907 y(cluster,)34 b(otherwise)g(they)g(are)g(left)e(unassigned)i(in)f |
| | 46496 | (the)h(initial)29 b(con\014guration.)46 b(The)34 b(v)-5 |
| | 46497 | b(alue)33 b(of)g Fj(d)3643 2922 y Fl(init)3752 2907 y |
| | 46498 | Fw(,)0 3015 y(as)40 b(long)e(as)i(reasonably)f(small,)g(has)h(no)g(ph)m |
| | 46499 | (ysical)f(imp)s(ortance,)h(in)f(that)g(the)h(same)f(\014nal)g(cluster)0 |
| | 46500 | 3123 y(con\014guration)29 b(will)e(b)s(e)j(found)g(as)f(if)g(eac)m(h)h |
| | 46501 | (particle)f(initially)c(is)k(assumed)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(a)f(cluster)h(b)m |
| | 46502 | (y)h(itself:)0 3232 y(the)d(particles)f(clustered)h(at)g(this)f(step)h |
| | 46503 | (are)g(so)g(nearb)m(y)h(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)g(that)f(they)g(almost)e |
| | 46504 | (inevitably)g(m)m(ust)0 3340 y(en)m(ter)32 b(the)g(same)f(jet;)h |
| | 46505 | (additionally)27 b(the)32 b(reassignmen)m(t)f(pro)s(cedure)h(allo)m(ws) |
| | 46506 | e(an)m(y)i(p)s(ossible)f(`mistak)m(e')0 3448 y(to)h(b)s(e)h(corrected)h |
| | 46507 | (in)e(later)f(steps)j(of)e(the)h(iteration.)146 3557 |
| | 46508 | y(Th)m(us)43 b(the)f(jet)f(reconstruction)h(dep)s(ends)h(on)e(one)g |
| | 46509 | (single)g(parameter,)i Fj(d)2933 3572 y Fl(join)3052 |
| | 46510 | 3557 y Fw(,)h(with)d(a)g(clearcut)0 3665 y(ph)m(ysical)34 |
| | 46511 | b(meaning)f(of)h(a)g(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum)d(`jet-resolution)g(p) |
| | 46512 | s(o)m(w)m(er'.)49 b(Neglecting)34 b(smearing)0 3774 y(from)45 |
| | 46513 | b(fragmen)m(tation,)k Fj(d)969 3789 y Fh(ij)1076 3774 |
| | 46514 | y Fw(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(t)m(w)m(o)e(clusters)h(of)e(equal)g(energy)i |
| | 46515 | (corresp)s(onds)g(to)f(half)e(the)0 3882 y(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 46516 | b(arian)m(t)23 b(mass)i(of)f(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(original)21 |
| | 46517 | b(partons.)41 b(If)25 b(one)g(only)f(wishes)i(to)e(reconstruct)j(w)m |
| | 46518 | (ell)d(separated)0 3990 y(jets,)32 b(a)g(large)e Fj(d)577 |
| | 46519 | 4005 y Fl(join)728 3990 y Fw(should)h(b)s(e)h(c)m(hosen,)h(while)e(a)g |
| | 46520 | (small)e Fj(d)2145 4005 y Fl(join)2296 3990 y Fw(w)m(ould)j(allo)m(w)e |
| | 46521 | (the)i(separation)e(of)h(close)0 4099 y(jets,)40 b(at)d(the)h(cost)g |
| | 46522 | (of)f(sometimes)g(arti\014cially)d(dividing)i(a)h(single)g(jet)h(in)m |
| | 46523 | (to)f(t)m(w)m(o.)59 b(In)38 b(particular,)f(b)0 4207 |
| | 46524 | y(quark)26 b(jets)h(ma)m(y)e(here)h(b)s(e)g(a)g(n)m(uisance.)42 |
| | 46525 | b(The)26 b(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(of)g Fj(d)2076 4222 y Fl(join)2221 |
| | 46526 | 4207 y Fw(to)h(use)g(for)f(a)h(\014xed)h(jet-resolution)d(p)s(o)m(w)m |
| | 46527 | (er)0 4315 y(in)33 b(principle)g(should)h(b)s(e)g(indep)s(enden)m(t)h |
| | 46528 | (of)e(the)i(c.m.)47 b(energy)35 b(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)j(although)32 |
| | 46529 | b(fragmen)m(tation)0 4424 y(e\013ects)g(ma)m(y)e(giv)m(e)g(a)g(con)m |
| | 46530 | (tamination)e(of)h(spurious)i(extra)g(jets)f(that)g(increases)i(slo)m |
| | 46531 | (wly)d(with)h Fj(E)3538 4439 y Fl(cm)3663 4424 y Fw(for)0 |
| | 46532 | 4532 y(\014xed)36 b Fj(d)289 4547 y Fl(join)408 4532 |
| | 46533 | y Fw(.)50 b(Therefore)36 b(a)f Fj(d)1064 4547 y Fl(join)1215 |
| | 46534 | 4532 y Fw(=)c(2)p Fj(:)p Fw(5)j(GeV)h(w)m(as)g(acceptable)h(at)e |
| | 46535 | (PETRA/PEP)-8 b(,)37 b(while)c(3{4)i(GeV)0 4640 y(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(b)s |
| | 46536 | (etter)g(for)f(applications)f(at)h(LEP)h(and)g(b)s(ey)m(ond.)146 |
| | 46537 | 4749 y(This)j(completes)f(the)h(description)f(of)g(the)g(main)f(option) |
| | 46538 | g(of)h(the)h Fq(LUCLUS)h Fw(routine.)51 b(V)-8 b(ariations)0 |
| | 46539 | 4857 y(are)26 b(p)s(ossible.)41 b(One)27 b(suc)m(h)h(is)e(to)g(skip)g |
| | 46540 | (the)h(reassignmen)m(t)g(step,)h(i.e.)41 b(to)26 b(mak)m(e)h(use)g |
| | 46541 | (only)f(of)g(the)h(simple)0 4965 y(binary)h(joining)e(pro)s(cedure,)k |
| | 46542 | (without)e(an)m(y)g(p)s(ossibilit)m(y)e(to)i(reassign)g(particles)g(b)s |
| | 46543 | (et)m(w)m(een)i(jets.)42 b(\(This)0 5074 y(option)31 |
| | 46544 | b(is)h(included)h(mainly)d(as)j(a)f(reference,)i(to)e(c)m(hec)m(k)j(ho) |
| | 46545 | m(w)e(imp)s(ortan)m(t)e(reassignmen)m(t)i(really)e(is.\))0 |
| | 46546 | 5182 y(The)39 b(other)g(main)e(alternativ)m(e)g(is)h(to)g(replace)g |
| | 46547 | (the)h(distance)g(measure)g(used)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(with)f(the)h(one)0 |
| | 46548 | 5290 y(used)34 b(in)e(the)h(JADE)f(algorithm)e([JAD86)o(].)146 |
| | 46549 | 5399 y(The)36 b(JADE)g(cluster)f(algorithm)d(is)j(an)g(attempt)f(to)h |
| | 46550 | (sa)m(v)m(e)i(the)e(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)34 b(mass)h(measure.)52 |
| | 46551 | b(The)1817 5953 y(297)p eop |
| | 46552 | %%Page: 298 304 |
| | 46553 | 298 303 bop 0 -18 a Fw(distance)33 b(measure)g(is)f(de\014ned)i(to)e(b) |
| | 46554 | s(e)1352 201 y Fj(y)1400 216 y Fh(ij)1487 201 y Fw(=)1601 |
| | 46555 | 134 y(2)p Fj(E)1722 149 y Fh(i)1750 134 y Fj(E)1822 149 |
| | 46556 | y Fh(j)1859 134 y Fw(\(1)22 b Fn(\000)g Fw(cos)17 b Fj(\022)2259 |
| | 46557 | 149 y Fh(ij)2320 134 y Fw(\))p 1601 178 758 4 v 1899 |
| | 46558 | 269 a Fj(E)1977 235 y Fl(2)1971 293 y(vis)2401 201 y |
| | 46559 | Fj(:)1129 b Fw(\(231\))0 449 y(Here)38 b Fj(E)307 464 |
| | 46560 | y Fl(vis)433 449 y Fw(is)e(the)i(total)d(visible)h(energy)i(of)e(the)i |
| | 46561 | (ev)m(en)m(t.)58 b(The)38 b(usage)g(of)e Fj(E)2832 413 |
| | 46562 | y Fl(2)2826 474 y(vis)2952 449 y Fw(in)h(the)g(denominator)0 |
| | 46563 | 558 y(rather)e(than)f Fj(E)602 522 y Fl(2)596 582 y(cm)726 |
| | 46564 | 558 y Fw(tends)h(to)g(mak)m(e)g(the)g(measure)g(less)g(sensitiv)m(e)g |
| | 46565 | (to)g(detector)g(acceptance)h(correc-)0 666 y(tions;)31 |
| | 46566 | b(in)f(addition)f(the)j(dimensionless)e(nature)h(of)g |
| | 46567 | Fj(y)1999 681 y Fh(ij)2090 666 y Fw(mak)m(es)h(it)d(w)m(ell)i(suited)g |
| | 46568 | (for)f(a)h(comparison)f(of)0 774 y(results)k(at)f(di\013eren)m(t)g |
| | 46569 | (c.m.)46 b(energies.)g(F)-8 b(or)33 b(the)g(subsequen)m(t)k |
| | 46570 | (discussions,)d(this)f(normalization)d(will)0 883 y(b)s(e)j(irrelev)-5 |
| | 46571 | b(an)m(t,)31 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)146 991 y(The)g Fj(y)392 |
| | 46572 | 1006 y Fh(ij)481 991 y Fw(measure)f(is)f(v)m(ery)i(closely)e(related)g |
| | 46573 | (to)g(the)h(squared)h(mass)e(distance)h(measure:)42 b(the)30 |
| | 46574 | b(t)m(w)m(o)0 1099 y(coincide)g(\(up)h(to)f(the)h(di\013erence)g(in)f |
| | 46575 | (normalization\))d(if)j Fj(m)2205 1114 y Fh(i)2261 1099 |
| | 46576 | y Fw(=)d Fj(m)2449 1114 y Fh(j)2514 1099 y Fw(=)g(0.)43 |
| | 46577 | b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33 b(consider)e(a)g(pair)0 1208 y(of)d(particles)f |
| | 46578 | (or)i(clusters)g(with)f(non-v)-5 b(anishing)27 b(individual)e(masses)30 |
| | 46579 | b(and)e(a)g(\014xed)i(pair)d(mass.)42 b(Then,)0 1316 |
| | 46580 | y(the)d(larger)f(the)h(net)h(momen)m(tum)d(of)i(the)g(pair,)h(the)f |
| | 46581 | (smaller)e(the)i Fj(y)2591 1331 y Fh(ij)2690 1316 y Fw(measure.)63 |
| | 46582 | b(This)39 b(somewhat)0 1425 y(tends)h(to)e(fa)m(v)m(our)h(clustering)f |
| | 46583 | (of)g(fast)g(particles,)i(and)e(mak)m(es)h(the)g(algorithm)d(less)j |
| | 46584 | (unstable)f(than)0 1533 y(the)33 b(one)g(based)g(on)g(true)g(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 46585 | b(arian)m(t)31 b(mass.)146 1641 y(The)i(successes)h(of)d(the)h(JADE)f |
| | 46586 | (algorithm)d(are)j(w)m(ell)g(kno)m(wn:)44 b(one)31 b(obtains)g(a)g(v)m |
| | 46587 | (ery)i(go)s(o)s(d)d(agree-)0 1750 y(men)m(t)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)e |
| | 46588 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(partons)h(generated)h(on)e(the)i(matrix-elemen) |
| | 46589 | m(t)c(\(or)i(parton-sho)m(w)m(er\))0 1858 y(lev)m(el)k(and)h(the)g(n)m |
| | 46590 | (um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(clusters)h(reconstructed)h(from)e(the)g(hadrons,)i |
| | 46591 | (suc)m(h)g(that)e(QCD)g(asp)s(ects)0 1966 y(lik)m(e)26 |
| | 46592 | b(the)h(running)f(of)h Fj(\013)860 1981 y Fl(s)918 1966 |
| | 46593 | y Fw(can)g(b)s(e)g(studied)g(with)g(a)f(minimal)d(dep)s(endence)29 |
| | 46594 | b(on)d(fragmen)m(tation)f(e\013ects.)0 2075 y(Of)33 b(course,)j(the)e |
| | 46595 | (insensitivit)m(y)f(to)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(e\013ects)j(dep)s(ends)g |
| | 46596 | (on)f(the)g(c)m(hoice)g(of)g(fragmen)m(ta-)0 2183 y(tion)f(mo)s(del.)46 |
| | 46597 | b(F)-8 b(ragmen)m(tation)32 b(e\013ects)j(are)f(small)d(in)j(the)g |
| | 46598 | (string)f(mo)s(del,)g(but)h(not)g(in)f(indep)s(enden)m(t)0 |
| | 46599 | 2291 y(fragmen)m(tation)41 b(scenarios.)73 b(Although)42 |
| | 46600 | b(indep)s(enden)m(t)h(fragmen)m(tation)e(in)g(itself)h(is)g(not)g |
| | 46601 | (credible,)0 2400 y(this)32 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(seen)i(as)f(a)f(signal)f |
| | 46602 | (for)h(caution.)146 2508 y(One)g(should)g(note)g(that)g(the)g(JADE)g |
| | 46603 | (measure)g(still)d(su\013ers)k(from)e(some)g(of)h(the)g(diseases)h(of)e |
| | 46604 | (the)0 2616 y(simple)26 b(mass)i(measure)g(\(without)f(reassignmen)m |
| | 46605 | (ts\),)j(namely)d(that)g(particles)g(whic)m(h)i(go)e(in)g(opp)s(osite)0 |
| | 46606 | 2725 y(directions)g(ma)m(y)g(w)m(ell)g(b)s(e)h(joined)f(in)m(to)g(the)h |
| | 46607 | (same)f(cluster.)42 b(Therefore,)30 b(while)d(the)h(JADE)g(algorithm)0 |
| | 46608 | 2833 y(is)35 b(a)g(go)s(o)s(d)g(w)m(a)m(y)h(to)f(\014nd)i(the)e(n)m(um) |
| | 46609 | m(b)s(er)h(of)f(jets,)i(it)e(is)g(inferior)e(to)i(the)h(standard)g |
| | 46610 | Fj(d)3100 2848 y Fh(ij)3196 2833 y Fw(measure)g(for)f(a)0 |
| | 46611 | 2941 y(determination)30 b(of)g(jet)i(directions)f(and)g(energies)h |
| | 46612 | ([Bet92].)43 b(The)33 b Fj(d)2503 2956 y Fh(ij)2594 2941 |
| | 46613 | y Fw(measure)f(also)f(giv)m(es)h(narro)m(w)m(er)0 3050 |
| | 46614 | y(jets,)h(whic)m(h)g(agree)g(b)s(etter)g(with)f(the)h(visual)f |
| | 46615 | (impression)f(of)h(jet)h(structure.)146 3158 y(Recen)m(tly)-8 |
| | 46616 | b(,)43 b(the)e(`Durham)f(algorithm')d(has)k(b)s(een)g(in)m(tro)s(duced) |
| | 46617 | f([Cat91],)j(whic)m(h)e(w)m(orks)g(as)g(the)0 3266 y(JADE)33 |
| | 46618 | b(one)f(but)h(with)g(a)f(distance)h(measure)1196 3497 |
| | 46619 | y(~)-56 b Fj(y)1237 3512 y Fh(ij)1325 3497 y Fw(=)1439 |
| | 46620 | 3423 y(2)17 b(min)n(\()p Fj(E)1783 3387 y Fl(2)1777 3447 |
| | 46621 | y Fh(i)1822 3423 y Fj(;)g(E)1944 3387 y Fl(2)1938 3447 |
| | 46622 | y Fh(j)1983 3423 y Fw(\)\(1)22 b Fn(\000)h Fw(cos)17 |
| | 46623 | b Fj(\022)2422 3438 y Fh(ij)2483 3423 y Fw(\))p 1439 |
| | 46624 | 3474 1083 4 v 1895 3565 a Fj(E)1973 3536 y Fl(2)1967 |
| | 46625 | 3590 y Fh(cm)2563 3497 y Fj(:)967 b Fw(\(232\))0 3737 |
| | 46626 | y(Lik)m(e)37 b(the)h Fj(d)441 3752 y Fh(ij)538 3737 y |
| | 46627 | Fw(measure,)h(this)d(is)h(a)g(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum,)e(but)44 |
| | 46628 | b(~)-56 b Fj(y)2576 3752 y Fh(ij)2673 3737 y Fw(has)38 |
| | 46629 | b(the)f(geometrical)e(in)m(ter-)0 3845 y(pretation)30 |
| | 46630 | b(as)h(the)g(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum)d(of)g(the)i(softer)f |
| | 46631 | (particle)e(with)i(resp)s(ect)h(to)e(the)i(direction)0 |
| | 46632 | 3953 y(of)38 b(the)h(harder)g(one,)h(while)e Fj(d)1131 |
| | 46633 | 3968 y Fh(ij)1229 3953 y Fw(is)g(the)h(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum)c |
| | 46634 | (of)h(either)g(particle)f(with)h(resp)s(ect)0 4062 y(to)33 |
| | 46635 | b(the)g(common)f(direction)g(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)g(the)f(momen)m(tum)f(v)m |
| | 46636 | (ector)i(sum.)46 b(The)34 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(de\014nitions)e(agree)0 |
| | 46637 | 4170 y(when)k(one)g(cluster)f(is)g(m)m(uc)m(h)h(softer)f(than)g(the)h |
| | 46638 | (other,)g(so)g(the)f(soft)g(gluon)g(exp)s(onen)m(tiation)f(pro)m(v)m |
| | 46639 | (en)0 4278 y(for)e(the)h(Durham)e(measure)i(also)f(holds)g(for)g(the)h |
| | 46640 | Fj(d)1899 4293 y Fh(ij)1992 4278 y Fw(one.)146 4387 y(The)25 |
| | 46641 | b(main)e(di\013erence)i(therefore)g(is)e(that)h(the)h(standard)g |
| | 46642 | Fq(LUCLUS)h Fw(option)d(allo)m(ws)g(reassignmen)m(ts,)0 |
| | 46643 | 4495 y(while)46 b(the)g(Durham)g(algorithm)d(do)s(es)k(not.)85 |
| | 46644 | b(The)47 b(latter)f(is)g(therefore)h(more)f(easily)f(calculable)0 |
| | 46645 | 4603 y(on)d(the)g(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)f(parton)h(lev)m(el.)70 |
| | 46646 | b(This)42 b(p)s(oin)m(t)e(is)i(sometimes)e(o)m(v)m(erstressed,)47 |
| | 46647 | b(and)42 b(one)g(could)0 4712 y(giv)m(e)i(coun)m(terexamples)h(wh)m(y)g |
| | 46648 | (reassignmen)m(ts)g(in)e(fact)g(ma)m(y)h(bring)f(b)s(etter)h(agreemen)m |
| | 46649 | (t)h(with)e(the)0 4820 y(underlying)e(p)s(erturbativ)m(e)g(lev)m(el.)70 |
| | 46650 | b(In)41 b(particular,)h(without)f(reassignmen)m(ts,)j(one)e(will)d(mak) |
| | 46651 | m(e)i(the)0 4928 y(recom)m(bination)f(that)i(seems)h(the)g(`b)s(est')f |
| | 46652 | (in)g(the)g(curren)m(t)h(step,)j(ev)m(en)d(when)h(that)d(forces)i(y)m |
| | 46653 | (ou)g(to)0 5037 y(mak)m(e)29 b(`w)m(orse')h(c)m(hoices)f(in)f |
| | 46654 | (subsequen)m(t)k(steps.)44 b(With)28 b(reassignmen)m(ts,)i(it)d(is)i(p) |
| | 46655 | s(ossible)e(to)i(correct)g(for)0 5145 y(mistak)m(es)k(due)g(to)f(the)h |
| | 46656 | (to)s(o)f(lo)s(cal)e(sensitivit)m(y)j(of)f(a)g(simple)f(binary)h |
| | 46657 | (joining)f(sc)m(heme.)0 5388 y Fo(15.2.2)113 b(Cluster)36 |
| | 46658 | b(\014nding)i(in)e(a)i Fw(pp)g Fo(t)m(yp)s(e)f(of)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)0 |
| | 46659 | 5561 y Fw(The)d Fq(LUCELL)h Fw(cluster)e(\014nding)g(routines)g(is)g |
| | 46660 | (of)g(the)h(kind)f(pioneered)g(b)m(y)i(UA1)e([UA183)o(],)h(and)g(com-)0 |
| | 46661 | 5669 y(monly)c(used)i(in)f(pp)g(ph)m(ysics.)45 b(It)33 |
| | 46662 | b(is)e(based)i(on)g(a)e(c)m(hoice)i(of)f(pseudorapidit)m(y)g |
| | 46663 | Fj(\021)t Fw(,)g(azim)m(uthal)e(angle)i Fj(')1817 5953 |
| | 46664 | y Fw(298)p eop |
| | 46665 | %%Page: 299 305 |
| | 46666 | 299 304 bop 0 -18 a Fw(and)28 b(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m(tum)c |
| | 46667 | Fj(p)1200 -3 y Fk(?)1287 -18 y Fw(as)h(the)h(fundamen)m(tal)f(co)s |
| | 46668 | (ordinates.)41 b(This)29 b(c)m(hoice)f(is)g(discussed)i(in)0 |
| | 46669 | 90 y(the)e(in)m(tro)s(duction)e(to)i(cluster)f(\014nding)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
| | 46670 | (e,)h(with)e(the)h(pro)m(viso)g(that)f(the)i(theoretically)c(preferred) |
| | 46671 | 0 198 y(true)44 b(rapidit)m(y)g(has)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(replaced)g(b)m(y)h |
| | 46672 | (pseudorapidit)m(y)-8 b(,)48 b(to)43 b(mak)m(e)i(con)m(tact)f(with)g |
| | 46673 | (the)g(real-life)0 307 y(detector)33 b(co)s(ordinate)f(system.)146 |
| | 46674 | 415 y(A)i(\014x)h(detector)g(grid)e(is)h(assumed,)h(with)f(the)g |
| | 46675 | (pseudorapidit)m(y)g(range)h Fn(j)p Fj(\021)t Fn(j)29 |
| | 46676 | b Fj(<)h(\021)3111 430 y Fl(max)3281 415 y Fw(and)k(the)g(full)0 |
| | 46677 | 523 y(azim)m(uthal)j(range)j(eac)m(h)g(divided)f(in)m(to)g(a)g(n)m(um)m |
| | 46678 | (b)s(er)h(of)f(equally)g(large)f(bins,)j(giving)d(a)h(rectangular)0 |
| | 46679 | 632 y(grid.)i(The)30 b(particles)e(of)h(an)f(ev)m(en)m(t)j(impinge)c |
| | 46680 | (on)i(this)f(detector)i(grid.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)28 b(eac)m(h)i(cell)e(in)g |
| | 46681 | (\()p Fj(\021)t Fw(,)p Fj(')p Fw(\))g(space,)0 740 y(the)41 |
| | 46682 | b(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum)d(whic)m(h)h(en)m(ters)i(that)e(cell)e |
| | 46683 | (is)i(summed)g(up)g(to)g(giv)m(e)f(a)h(total)e(cell)h |
| | 46684 | Fj(E)3720 755 y Fk(?)0 848 y Fw(\015o)m(w.)146 957 y(Clearly)d(the)h |
| | 46685 | (mo)s(del)e(remains)g(v)m(ery)j(primitiv)m(e)d(in)g(a)i(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 46686 | (er)g(of)f(resp)s(ects,)j(compared)e(with)f(a)0 1065 |
| | 46687 | y(real)42 b(detector.)74 b(There)43 b(is)f(no)h(magnetic)e(\014eld)h |
| | 46688 | (allo)m(w)m(ed)g(for,)j(i.e.)72 b(also)42 b(c)m(harged)h(particles)f |
| | 46689 | (mo)m(v)m(e)0 1173 y(in)35 b(straigh)m(t)g(trac)m(ks.)54 |
| | 46690 | b(The)36 b(dimensions)f(of)g(the)h(detector)h(are)e(not)h(sp)s |
| | 46691 | (eci\014ed;)i(hence)f(the)f(p)s(ositions)0 1282 y(of)e(the)g(primary)f |
| | 46692 | (v)m(ertex)j(and)f(an)m(y)g(secondary)g(v)m(ertices)h(are)e(neglected)h |
| | 46693 | (when)g(determining)e(whic)m(h)0 1390 y(cell)g(a)h(particle)f(b)s |
| | 46694 | (elongs)g(to.)48 b(The)35 b(rest)g(mass)f(of)g(particles)f(is)h(not)g |
| | 46695 | (tak)m(en)h(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t,)j(i.e.)47 b(what)0 |
| | 46696 | 1516 y(is)38 b(used)i(is)f(really)e Fj(p)761 1531 y Fk(?)859 |
| | 46697 | 1516 y Fw(=)973 1424 y Fg(q)p 1056 1424 304 4 v 92 x |
| | 46698 | Fj(p)1105 1488 y Fl(2)1105 1541 y Fh(x)1171 1516 y Fw(+)22 |
| | 46699 | b Fj(p)1318 1488 y Fl(2)1318 1541 y Fh(y)1359 1516 y |
| | 46700 | Fw(,)41 b(while)d(in)g(a)g(real)g(detector)i(some)f(particles)f(w)m |
| | 46701 | (ould)h(deca)m(y)h(or)0 1648 y(annihilate,)30 b(and)j(then)g(dep)s |
| | 46702 | (osit)f(additional)e(amoun)m(ts)j(of)f(energy)-8 b(.)146 |
| | 46703 | 1756 y(T)g(o)33 b(tak)m(e)h(in)m(to)e(accoun)m(t)i(the)f(energy)h |
| | 46704 | (resolution)e(of)g(the)h(detector,)h(it)e(is)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)g |
| | 46705 | (smear)h(the)0 1865 y Fj(E)72 1880 y Fk(?)170 1865 y |
| | 46706 | Fw(con)m(ten)m(ts,)43 b(bin)c(b)m(y)h(bin.)63 b(This)39 |
| | 46707 | b(is)g(done)g(according)g(to)g(a)g(Gaussian,)h(with)f(a)g(width)g |
| | 46708 | (assumed)0 1973 y(prop)s(ortional)32 b(to)h(the)853 1896 |
| | 46709 | y Fn(p)p 936 1896 132 4 v 77 x Fj(E)1008 1988 y Fk(?)1102 |
| | 46710 | 1973 y Fw(of)g(the)i(bin.)48 b(The)35 b(Gaussian)f(is)g(cut)g(o\013)g |
| | 46711 | (at)g(zero)h(and)f(at)g(some)g(prede-)0 2081 y(termined)f(m)m(ultiple)f |
| | 46712 | (of)h(the)h(unsmeared)h Fj(E)1640 2096 y Fk(?)1699 2081 |
| | 46713 | y Fw(,)f(b)m(y)h(default)e(t)m(wice)i(it.)46 b(Alternativ)m(ely)-8 |
| | 46714 | b(,)33 b(the)i(smearing)0 2190 y(ma)m(y)40 b(b)s(e)h(p)s(erformed)f(in) |
| | 46715 | g Fj(E)46 b Fw(rather)41 b(than)f(in)g Fj(E)1804 2205 |
| | 46716 | y Fk(?)1863 2190 y Fw(.)67 b(T)-8 b(o)41 b(\014nd)g(the)g |
| | 46717 | Fj(E)6 b Fw(,)42 b(it)e(is)g(assumed)h(that)f(the)h(full)0 |
| | 46718 | 2298 y(energy)f(of)f(a)g(cell)f(is)g(situated)h(at)g(its)g(cen)m(ter,)j |
| | 46719 | (so)d(that)g(one)h(can)f(translate)g(bac)m(k)h(and)f(forth)g(with)0 |
| | 46720 | 2406 y Fj(E)34 b Fw(=)27 b Fj(E)281 2421 y Fk(?)357 2406 |
| | 46721 | y Fw(cosh)18 b Fj(\021)607 2421 y Fl(cen)n(ter)797 2406 |
| | 46722 | y Fw(.)146 2515 y(The)36 b(cell)e(with)g(largest)h Fj(E)1139 |
| | 46723 | 2530 y Fk(?)1233 2515 y Fw(is)f(tak)m(en)i(as)f(a)g(jet)g(initiator)c |
| | 46724 | (if)j(its)g Fj(E)2636 2530 y Fk(?)2730 2515 y Fw(is)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 46725 | (some)e(threshold.)0 2623 y(A)41 b(candidate)h(jet)f(is)g(de\014ned)i |
| | 46726 | (to)e(consist)g(of)g(all)f(cells)g(whic)m(h)i(are)f(within)g(some)g |
| | 46727 | (giv)m(en)g(radius)g Fj(R)0 2731 y Fw(in)d(the)i(\()p |
| | 46728 | Fj(\021)t Fw(,)p Fj(')p Fw(\))e(plane,)i(i.e.)63 b(whic)m(h)39 |
| | 46729 | b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(\()p Fj(\021)30 b Fn(\000)d Fj(\021)1819 |
| | 46730 | 2746 y Fl(initiator)2075 2731 y Fw(\))2113 2695 y Fl(2)2179 |
| | 46731 | 2731 y Fw(+)f(\()p Fj(')g Fn(\000)h Fj(')2577 2746 y |
| | 46732 | Fl(initiator)2832 2731 y Fw(\))2870 2695 y Fl(2)2948 |
| | 46733 | 2731 y Fj(<)39 b(R)3138 2695 y Fl(2)3177 2731 y Fw(.)63 |
| | 46734 | b(Co)s(ordinates)0 2840 y(are)39 b(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(giv)m(en)g(with)f |
| | 46735 | (resp)s(ect)i(to)f(the)g(cen)m(ter)h(of)e(the)i(cell.)60 |
| | 46736 | b(If)39 b(the)g(summed)g Fj(E)3175 2855 y Fk(?)3273 2840 |
| | 46737 | y Fw(of)f(the)h(jet)g(is)0 2948 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)30 b(the)h(required)f |
| | 46738 | (minim)m(um)c(jet)k(energy)-8 b(,)31 b(the)f(candidate)f(jet)h(is)f |
| | 46739 | (accepted,)j(and)e(all)d(its)i(cells)g(are)0 3056 y(remo)m(v)m(ed)41 |
| | 46740 | b(from)d(further)i(consideration.)64 b(If)40 b(not,)i(the)e(candidate)f |
| | 46741 | (is)h(rejected.)66 b(The)40 b(sequence)j(is)0 3165 y(no)m(w)34 |
| | 46742 | b(rep)s(eated)f(with)g(the)g(remaining)e(cell)h(of)h(highest)f |
| | 46743 | Fj(E)2143 3180 y Fk(?)2203 3165 y Fw(,)h(and)g(so)g(on)g(un)m(til)f(no) |
| | 46744 | h(single)f(cell)g(ful\014lls)0 3273 y(the)h(jet)g(initiator)c |
| | 46745 | (condition.)146 3381 y(The)43 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)f(jets)i |
| | 46746 | (reconstruced)g(can)f(th)m(us)h(v)-5 b(ary)42 b(from)e(none)j(to)e(a)g |
| | 46747 | (maxim)m(um)f(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y)0 3490 y(purely)35 b(geometrical)d |
| | 46748 | (considerations,)i(i.e.)49 b(ho)m(w)35 b(man)m(y)f(circles)g(of)g |
| | 46749 | (radius)g Fj(R)i Fw(are)e(needed)i(to)e(co)m(v)m(er)0 |
| | 46750 | 3598 y(the)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(\()p Fj(\021)t Fw(,)p Fj(')p |
| | 46751 | Fw(\))g(plane.)43 b(Normally)30 b(only)i(a)g(fraction)g(of)g(the)h |
| | 46752 | (particles)f(are)g(assigned)h(to)f(jets.)146 3706 y(One)27 |
| | 46753 | b(could)f(consider)h(to)f(iterate)g(the)g(jet)h(assignmen)m(t)f(pro)s |
| | 46754 | (cess,)j(using)d(the)h Fj(E)3030 3721 y Fk(?)3089 3706 |
| | 46755 | y Fw(-w)m(eigh)m(ted)g(cen)m(ter)0 3815 y(of)g(a)g(jet)g(to)g(dra)m(w)g |
| | 46756 | (a)g(new)h(cirle)e(of)h(radius)g Fj(R)q Fw(.)42 b(In)27 |
| | 46757 | b(the)h(curren)m(t)g(algorithm)c(there)k(is)f(no)g(suc)m(h)h(iteration) |
| | 46758 | 0 3923 y(step.)68 b(F)-8 b(or)39 b(an)i(ideal)e(jet)h(assignmen)m(t)g |
| | 46759 | (it)g(w)m(ould)g(also)f(b)s(e)i(necessary)i(to)d(impro)m(v)m(e)g(the)h |
| | 46760 | (treatmen)m(t)0 4031 y(when)34 b(t)m(w)m(o)f(jet)g(circles)f(partially) |
| | 46761 | e(o)m(v)m(erlap.)146 4140 y(A)35 b(\014nal)f(tec)m(hnical)g(note.)50 |
| | 46762 | b(A)35 b(natural)e(implemen)m(tation)f(of)i(a)g(cell)g(\014nding)g |
| | 46763 | (algorithm)d(is)k(based)0 4248 y(on)g(ha)m(ving)f(a)h(t)m(w)m |
| | 46764 | (o-dimensional)d(arra)m(y)j(of)f Fj(E)1703 4263 y Fk(?)1797 |
| | 46765 | 4248 y Fw(v)-5 b(alues,)35 b(with)g(dimensions)f(to)g(matc)m(h)h(the)g |
| | 46766 | (detector)0 4356 y(grid.)42 b(V)-8 b(ery)34 b(often)e(most)g(of)g(the)h |
| | 46767 | (cells)f(w)m(ould)g(then)h(b)s(e)g(empt)m(y)-8 b(,)33 |
| | 46768 | b(in)e(particular)g(for)h(lo)m(w-m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)0 |
| | 46769 | 4465 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(in)c(\014ne-grained)h(calorimeters.)41 |
| | 46770 | b(Our)32 b(implemen)m(tation)c(is)i(somewhat)i(at)m(ypical,)e(since)i |
| | 46771 | (cells)0 4573 y(are)39 b(only)f(reserv)m(ed)j(space)f(\(con)m(ten)m(ts) |
| | 46772 | h(and)d(p)s(osition\))f(when)j(they)g(are)f(sho)m(wn)h(to)e(b)s(e)h |
| | 46773 | (non-empt)m(y)-8 b(.)0 4682 y(This)34 b(means)f(that)h(all)d(non-empt)m |
| | 46774 | (y)j(cells)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(lo)s(op)s(ed)f(o)m(v)m(er)h(to)g |
| | 46775 | (\014nd)g(whic)m(h)g(are)g(within)e(the)0 4790 y(required)e(distance)g |
| | 46776 | Fj(R)h Fw(of)e(a)g(p)s(oten)m(tial)f(jet)i(initiator.)39 |
| | 46777 | b(The)31 b(algorithm)26 b(is)j(therefore)i(faster)e(than)h(the)0 |
| | 46778 | 4898 y(ordinary)i(kind)g(if)g(the)h(a)m(v)m(erage)g(cell)f(o)s |
| | 46779 | (ccupancy)i(is)e(lo)m(w,)g(but)h(slo)m(w)m(er)g(if)e(it)h(is)g(high.)0 |
| | 46780 | 5172 y Fp(15.3)136 b(Ev)l(en)l(t)46 b(Statistics)0 5344 |
| | 46781 | y Fw(All)27 b(the)j(ev)m(en)m(t-analysis)g(routines)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 46782 | (are)f(de\014ned)i(on)e(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t-b)m(y-ev)m(en)m(t)k(basis.)42 |
| | 46783 | b(Once)30 b(found,)0 5453 y(the)39 b(quan)m(tities)f(are)g(ab)s(out)g |
| | 46784 | (equally)g(often)g(used)h(to)f(de\014ne)i(inclusiv)m(e)e(distributions) |
| | 46785 | f(as)h(to)g(select)0 5561 y(sp)s(eci\014c)g(classes)g(of)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 46786 | (ts)j(for)d(con)m(tin)m(ued)h(study)-8 b(.)59 b(F)-8 |
| | 46787 | b(or)36 b(instance,)j(the)f(thrust)g(routine)e(migh)m(t)g(b)s(e)0 |
| | 46788 | 5669 y(used)j(either)e(to)h(\014nd)g(the)g(inclusiv)m(e)f |
| | 46789 | Fj(T)51 b Fw(distribution)36 b(or)h(to)g(select)i(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(with)d |
| | 46790 | Fj(T)50 b(<)36 b Fw(0)p Fj(:)p Fw(9.)58 b(Other)1817 |
| | 46791 | 5953 y(299)p eop |
| | 46792 | %%Page: 300 306 |
| | 46793 | 300 305 bop 0 -18 a Fw(measures,)42 b(although)d(still)e(de\014ned)k |
| | 46794 | (for)e(the)h(individual)d(ev)m(en)m(t,)44 b(only)39 b(mak)m(e)h(sense)h |
| | 46795 | (to)e(discuss)i(in)0 90 y(terms)e(of)g(a)m(v)m(erages)i(o)m(v)m(er)g |
| | 46796 | (man)m(y)f(ev)m(en)m(ts.)66 b(A)40 b(small)d(set)j(of)f(suc)m(h)i |
| | 46797 | (measures)f(is)f(found)h(in)f Fq(LUTABU)p Fw(.)0 198 |
| | 46798 | y(This)c(routine)f(has)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(called)g(once)h(after)f(eac)m(h)h |
| | 46799 | (ev)m(en)m(t)i(to)d(accum)m(ulate)g(statistics,)h(and)f(once)h(in)0 |
| | 46800 | 307 y(the)d(end)f(to)g(prin)m(t)g(the)g(\014nal)g(tables.)42 |
| | 46801 | b(Of)31 b(course,)i(among)c(the)j(w)m(ealth)f(of)g(p)s(ossibilities)d |
| | 46802 | (imaginable,)0 415 y(the)g(ones)g(collected)f(here)h(are)f(only)g(a)g |
| | 46803 | (small)e(sample,)j(selected)g(b)s(ecause)h(the)f(author)f(at)g(some)g |
| | 46804 | (p)s(oin)m(t)0 523 y(has)33 b(found)g(a)f(use)h(for)g(them)f(himself.)0 |
| | 46805 | 770 y Fo(15.3.1)113 b(Multiplicities)0 943 y Fw(Three)25 |
| | 46806 | b(options)f(are)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)21 b(to)j(collect)f(information)e |
| | 46807 | (on)i(m)m(ultiplicities)d(in)j(ev)m(en)m(ts.)43 b(One)25 |
| | 46808 | b(giv)m(es)f(the)0 1051 y(\015a)m(v)m(our)f(con)m(ten)m(t)h(of)e(the)h |
| | 46809 | (\014nal)f(state)h(in)e(hard)i(in)m(teraction)e(pro)s(cesses,)27 |
| | 46810 | b(e.g.)40 b(the)23 b(relativ)m(e)f(comp)s(osition)0 1160 |
| | 46811 | y(of)43 b(d)p 176 1080 55 4 v(d)p Fj(=)p Fw(u)p 333 1107 |
| | 46812 | V(u)q Fj(=)p Fw(s)p 475 1107 39 4 v(s)p Fj(=)p Fw(c)p |
| | 46813 | 605 1107 44 4 v(c)q Fj(=)p Fw(b)p 752 1080 55 4 v(b)g(in)g(e)1017 |
| | 46814 | 1123 y Fl(+)1077 1160 y Fw(e)1120 1123 y Fk(\000)1222 |
| | 46815 | 1160 y Fw(annihilation)d(ev)m(en)m(ts.)79 b(Additionally)40 |
| | 46816 | b(it)j(giv)m(es)h(the)g(total)e(parton)0 1268 y(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)28 |
| | 46817 | b(distribution)h(at)i(the)h(end)g(of)f(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ering.)44 |
| | 46818 | b(Another)32 b(giv)m(es)g(the)g(inclusiv)m(e)f(rate)0 |
| | 46819 | 1376 y(of)38 b(all)e(the)j(di\013eren)m(t)f(particles)f(pro)s(duced)i |
| | 46820 | (in)f(ev)m(en)m(ts,)k(either)c(as)g(in)m(termediate)f(resonances)j(or)e |
| | 46821 | (as)0 1485 y(\014nal-state)22 b(particles.)39 b(The)24 |
| | 46822 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(is)f(sub)s(divided)h(in)m(to)f(particles)f(pro)s |
| | 46823 | (duced)j(from)d(fragmen)m(tation)0 1593 y(\(primary)31 |
| | 46824 | b(particles\))h(and)h(those)g(pro)s(duced)g(in)f(deca)m(ys)i |
| | 46825 | (\(secondary)g(particles\).)146 1701 y(The)39 b(third)d(option)g |
| | 46826 | (tabulates)h(the)h(rate)f(of)g(exclusiv)m(e)h(\014nal)f(states,)i |
| | 46827 | (after)e(all)e(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(deca)m(ys)0 1810 y(ha)m(v)m(e)j(o)s |
| | 46828 | (ccurred.)61 b(Since)39 b(only)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(with)e(up)h(to)f(8)g |
| | 46829 | (\014nal-state)g(particles)f(are)i(analyzed,)h(this)e(is)0 |
| | 46830 | 1918 y(clearly)d(not)h(in)m(tended)h(for)e(the)h(study)i(of)d(complete) |
| | 46831 | h(high-energy)f(ev)m(en)m(ts.)56 b(Rather)36 b(the)h(main)d(ap-)0 |
| | 46832 | 2026 y(plication)26 b(is)i(for)f(an)i(analysis)e(of)h(the)h(deca)m(y)g |
| | 46833 | (mo)s(des)f(of)g(a)g(single)g(particle.)40 b(F)-8 b(or)28 |
| | 46834 | b(instance,)h(the)g(deca)m(y)0 2135 y(data)h(for)h(D)f(mesons)h(is)g |
| | 46835 | (giv)m(en)g(in)f(terms)h(of)f(c)m(hannels)i(that)e(also)g(con)m(tain)h |
| | 46836 | (unstable)g(particles,)f(suc)m(h)0 2243 y(as)35 b Fj(\032)g |
| | 46837 | Fw(and)g Fj(\021)t Fw(,)f(whic)m(h)i(deca)m(y)g(further.)50 |
| | 46838 | b(Therefore)36 b(a)e(giv)m(en)h(\014nal)f(state)h(ma)m(y)f(receiv)m(e)i |
| | 46839 | (con)m(tributions)0 2351 y(from)31 b(sev)m(eral)j(tabulated)e(deca)m(y) |
| | 46840 | i(c)m(hannels;)f(e.g.)44 b(K)p Fj(\031)t(\031)36 b Fw(from)31 |
| | 46841 | b(K)2403 2315 y Fk(\003)2443 2351 y Fj(\031)36 b Fw(and)d(K)p |
| | 46842 | Fj(\032)p Fw(,)f(and)h(so)g(on.)0 2598 y Fo(15.3.2)113 |
| | 46843 | b(Energy-Energy)37 b(Correlation)0 2771 y Fw(The)d(Energy-Energy)g |
| | 46844 | (Correlation)d(is)h(de\014ned)i(b)m(y)f([Bas78])1216 |
| | 46845 | 3034 y(EEC)q(\()p Fj(\022)s Fw(\))28 b(=)1674 2951 y |
| | 46846 | Fg(X)1679 3134 y Fh(i<j)1821 2967 y Fw(2)p Fj(E)1942 |
| | 46847 | 2982 y Fh(i)1970 2967 y Fj(E)2042 2982 y Fh(j)p 1821 |
| | 46848 | 3011 258 4 v 1869 3103 a Fj(E)1947 3068 y Fl(2)1941 3126 |
| | 46849 | y(vis)2105 3034 y Fj(\016)t Fw(\()p Fj(\022)d Fn(\000)e |
| | 46850 | Fj(\022)2405 3049 y Fh(ij)2466 3034 y Fw(\))33 b Fj(;)993 |
| | 46851 | b Fw(\(233\))0 3327 y(and)33 b(its)f(Asymmetry)h(b)m(y)1116 |
| | 46852 | 3530 y(EECA)q(\()p Fj(\022)s Fw(\))28 b(=)f(EEC)q(\()p |
| | 46853 | Fj(\031)f Fn(\000)d Fj(\022)s Fw(\))f Fn(\000)h Fw(EEC)q(\()p |
| | 46854 | Fj(\022)s Fw(\))33 b Fj(:)893 b Fw(\(234\))0 3733 y(Here)43 |
| | 46855 | b Fj(\022)285 3748 y Fh(ij)389 3733 y Fw(is)f(the)h(op)s(ening)f(angle) |
| | 46856 | f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(the)e(t)m(w)m(o)g(particles)f Fj(i)h |
| | 46857 | Fw(and)f Fj(j)6 b Fw(,)45 b(with)d(energies)h Fj(E)3551 |
| | 46858 | 3748 y Fh(i)3622 3733 y Fw(and)0 3841 y Fj(E)72 3856 |
| | 46859 | y Fh(j)109 3841 y Fw(.)72 b(In)42 b(principle,)h(normalization)38 |
| | 46860 | b(should)k(b)s(e)h(to)e Fj(E)2068 3856 y Fl(cm)2163 3841 |
| | 46861 | y Fw(,)j(but)f(if)e(not)h(all)e(particles)h(are)h(detected)0 |
| | 46862 | 3949 y(it)f(is)h(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)i(to)e(normalize)e(to)i(the)g |
| | 46863 | (total)f(visible)g(energy)i Fj(E)2543 3964 y Fl(vis)2632 |
| | 46864 | 3949 y Fw(.)73 b(T)-8 b(aking)42 b(in)m(to)f(accoun)m(t)i(the)0 |
| | 46865 | 4058 y(auto)s(correlation)e(term)i Fj(i)k Fw(=)g Fj(j)6 |
| | 46866 | b Fw(,)46 b(the)e(total)e(EEC)j(in)e(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(then)g(is)e |
| | 46867 | (unit)m(y)-8 b(.)77 b(The)44 b Fj(\016)k Fw(function)0 |
| | 46868 | 4166 y(p)s(eak)34 b(is)g(smeared)g(out)f(b)m(y)i(the)f(\014nite)g(bin)f |
| | 46869 | (width)g(\001)p Fj(\022)38 b Fw(in)33 b(the)h(histogram,)e(i.e.,)i(it)f |
| | 46870 | (is)g(replaced)h(b)m(y)h(a)0 4275 y(con)m(tribution)c(1)p |
| | 46871 | Fj(=)p Fw(\001)p Fj(\022)36 b Fw(to)c(the)h(bin)f(whic)m(h)h(con)m |
| | 46872 | (tains)g Fj(\022)1977 4290 y Fh(ij)2038 4275 y Fw(.)146 |
| | 46873 | 4383 y(The)28 b(form)m(ulae)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(refer)f(to)g(an)g |
| | 46874 | (individual)d(ev)m(en)m(t,)30 b(and)d(are)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(a)m(v)m |
| | 46875 | (eraged)h(o)m(v)m(er)g(all)d(ev)m(en)m(ts)0 4491 y(to)32 |
| | 46876 | b(suppress)j(statistical)c(\015uctuations,)h(and)h(obtain)e(smo)s(oth)h |
| | 46877 | (functions)h(of)f Fj(\022)s Fw(.)0 4738 y Fo(15.3.3)113 |
| | 46878 | b(F)-9 b(actorial)35 b(momen)m(ts)0 4911 y Fw(F)-8 b(actorial)30 |
| | 46879 | b(momen)m(ts)h(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)f(used)i(to)e(searc)m(h)h(for)f(in)m |
| | 46880 | (termittency)g(in)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)i([Bia86)o(].)43 b(The)34 |
| | 46881 | b(whole)0 5019 y(\014eld)i(has)h(b)s(een)h(m)m(uc)m(h)f(studied)g(in)f |
| | 46882 | (recen)m(t)i(y)m(ears,)h(and)d(a)h(host)f(of)h(di\013eren)m(t)f |
| | 46883 | (measures)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)0 5128 y(prop)s(osed.)44 |
| | 46884 | b(W)-8 b(e)33 b(only)f(implemen)m(t)f(one)i(of)f(the)h(original)c |
| | 46885 | (prescriptions.)146 5236 y(T)-8 b(o)25 b(calculate)f(the)h(factorial)e |
| | 46886 | (momen)m(ts,)j(the)f(full)e(rapidit)m(y)h(\(or)h(pseudorapidit)m(y\))g |
| | 46887 | (and)g(azim)m(uthal)0 5344 y(ranges)40 b(are)g(sub)s(divided)g(in)m(to) |
| | 46888 | f(bins)h(of)g(successiv)m(ely)i(smaller)c(size,)k(and)e(the)g(m)m |
| | 46889 | (ultiplicit)m(y)c(distri-)0 5453 y(butions)f(in)g(bins)g(is)g(studied.) |
| | 46890 | 53 b(The)36 b(program)e(calculates)h(pseudorapidit)m(y)h(with)f(resp)s |
| | 46891 | (ect)i(to)e(the)h Fj(z)0 5561 y Fw(axis;)h(if)d(desired,)j(one)f(could) |
| | 46892 | f(\014rst)h(\014nd)f(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(axis,)f(e.g.)52 |
| | 46893 | b(the)36 b(sphericit)m(y)g(or)f(thrust)h(axis,)g(and)0 |
| | 46894 | 5669 y(subsequen)m(tly)f(rotate)d(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(to)d(align)f |
| | 46895 | (this)h(axis)g(with)g(the)h Fj(z)38 b Fw(direction.)1817 |
| | 46896 | 5953 y(300)p eop |
| | 46897 | %%Page: 301 307 |
| | 46898 | 301 306 bop 146 -18 a Fw(The)33 b(full)c(rapidit)m(y)i(range)g |
| | 46899 | Fn(j)p Fj(y)t Fn(j)26 b Fj(<)i(y)1433 -3 y Fl(max)1599 |
| | 46900 | -18 y Fw(\(or)j(pseudorapidit)m(y)g(range)h Fn(j)p Fj(\021)t |
| | 46901 | Fn(j)27 b Fj(<)g(\021)2966 -3 y Fl(max)3102 -18 y Fw(\))k(and)h(azim)m |
| | 46902 | (uthal)0 90 y(range)48 b(0)53 b Fj(<)g(')g(<)g Fw(2)p |
| | 46903 | Fj(\031)e Fw(are)d(sub)s(divided)g(in)m(to)f Fj(m)1898 |
| | 46904 | 105 y Fh(y)1987 90 y Fw(and)h Fj(m)2277 105 y Fh(')2375 |
| | 46905 | 90 y Fw(equally)f(large)f(bins.)89 b(In)48 b(fact,)j(the)0 |
| | 46906 | 198 y(whole)37 b(analysis)f(is)h(p)s(erformed)f(thrice:)52 |
| | 46907 | b(once)38 b(with)e Fj(m)2086 213 y Fh(')2172 198 y Fw(=)f(1)i(and)g |
| | 46908 | (the)g Fj(y)j Fw(\(or)d Fj(\021)t Fw(\))f(range)h(gradually)0 |
| | 46909 | 307 y(divided)h(in)m(to)f(1,)j(2,)f(4,)h(8,)f(16,)h(32,)f(64,)g(128,)g |
| | 46910 | (256)f(and)g(512)g(bins,)h(once)g(with)f Fj(m)3067 322 |
| | 46911 | y Fh(y)3146 307 y Fw(=)g(1)g(and)g(the)h Fj(')0 415 y |
| | 46912 | Fw(range)32 b(sub)s(divided)h(as)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(and)e(\014nally)f |
| | 46913 | (once)i(with)f Fj(m)2195 430 y Fh(y)2265 415 y Fw(=)27 |
| | 46914 | b Fj(m)2453 430 y Fh(')2536 415 y Fw(according)32 b(to)g(the)h(same)f |
| | 46915 | (binary)0 523 y(sequence.)46 b(Giv)m(en)33 b(the)g(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)c |
| | 46916 | Fj(n)1474 538 y Fh(j)1543 523 y Fw(in)j(bin)g Fj(j)6 |
| | 46917 | b Fw(,)32 b(the)h Fj(i)p Fw(:th)g(factorial)d(momen)m(t)i(is)g |
| | 46918 | (de\014ned)i(b)m(y)886 801 y Fj(F)949 816 y Fh(i)1005 |
| | 46919 | 801 y Fw(=)27 b(\()p Fj(m)1231 816 y Fh(y)1273 801 y |
| | 46920 | Fj(m)1358 816 y Fh(')1408 801 y Fw(\))1446 760 y Fh(i)p |
| | 46921 | Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1598 718 y Fg(X)1642 900 y Fh(j)1744 734 |
| | 46922 | y Fj(n)1802 749 y Fh(j)1839 734 y Fw(\()p Fj(n)1935 749 |
| | 46923 | y Fh(j)1994 734 y Fn(\000)c Fw(1\))17 b Fn(\001)g(\001)g(\001)d |
| | 46924 | Fw(\()p Fj(n)2426 749 y Fh(j)2485 734 y Fn(\000)22 b |
| | 46925 | Fj(i)h Fw(+)f(1\))p 1744 778 1080 4 v 1799 869 a Fj(n)p |
| | 46926 | Fw(\()p Fj(n)h Fn(\000)f Fw(1\))17 b Fn(\001)g(\001)g(\001)d |
| | 46927 | Fw(\()p Fj(n)23 b Fn(\000)f Fj(i)h Fw(+)f(1\))2867 801 |
| | 46928 | y Fj(:)663 b Fw(\(235\))0 1104 y(Here)38 b Fj(n)e Fw(=)440 |
| | 46929 | 1038 y Fg(P)528 1125 y Fh(j)581 1104 y Fj(n)639 1119 |
| | 46930 | y Fh(j)713 1104 y Fw(is)h(the)g(total)f(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)e(of)i(the)i |
| | 46931 | (ev)m(en)m(t)h(within)d(the)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)e Fj(y)41 |
| | 46932 | b Fw(\(or)c Fj(\021)t Fw(\))f(limits.)0 1213 y(The)i(calculation)c(is)i |
| | 46933 | (p)s(erformed)g(for)h(the)g(second)h(through)e(the)i(\014fth)e(momen)m |
| | 46934 | (ts,)i(i.e.)55 b Fj(F)3367 1228 y Fl(2)3444 1213 y Fw(through)0 |
| | 46935 | 1321 y Fj(F)63 1336 y Fl(5)103 1321 y Fw(.)146 1429 y(The)29 |
| | 46936 | b Fj(F)405 1444 y Fh(i)460 1429 y Fw(as)f(giv)m(en)g(here)g(are)f |
| | 46937 | (de\014ned)i(for)e(the)h(individual)c(ev)m(en)m(t,)31 |
| | 46938 | b(and)c(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(a)m(v)m(eraged)g(o)m(v)m(er)0 |
| | 46939 | 1538 y(man)m(y)41 b(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(to)e(giv)m(e)g(a)g(reasonably)g(smo) |
| | 46940 | s(oth)f(b)s(eha)m(viour.)69 b(If)41 b(particle)f(pro)s(duction)h(is)f |
| | 46941 | (uniform)0 1646 y(and)30 b(uncorrelated)h(according)e(to)h(P)m |
| | 46942 | (oissonian)g(statistics,)g(one)h(exp)s(ects)h Fn(h)p |
| | 46943 | Fj(F)2839 1661 y Fh(i)2867 1646 y Fn(i)27 b(\021)h Fw(1)i(for)g(all)e |
| | 46944 | (momen)m(ts)0 1754 y(and)33 b(all)e(bin)h(sizes.)45 b(If,)33 |
| | 46945 | b(on)g(the)g(other)g(hand,)h(particles)e(are)g(lo)s(cally)f(clustered,) |
| | 46946 | j(factorial)c(momen)m(ts)0 1863 y(should)g(increase)g(when)h(bins)e |
| | 46947 | (are)h(made)f(smaller,)f(do)m(wn)j(to)e(the)i(c)m(haracteristic)e |
| | 46948 | (dimensions)g(of)g(the)0 1971 y(clustering.)0 2245 y |
| | 46949 | Fp(15.4)136 b(Routines)46 b(and)e(Common)i(Blo)t(c)l(k)e(V)-11 |
| | 46950 | b(ariables)0 2418 y Fw(The)27 b(six)g(routines)f Fq(LUSPHE)p |
| | 46951 | Fw(,)j Fq(LUTHRU)p Fw(,)f Fq(LUCLUS)p Fw(,)g Fq(LUCELL)p |
| | 46952 | Fw(,)g Fq(LUJMAS)g Fw(and)f Fq(LUFOWO)h Fw(giv)m(e)e(y)m(ou)h(the)g(p)s |
| | 46953 | (ossi-)0 2526 y(bilit)m(y)20 b(to)i(\014nd)h(some)f(global)e(ev)m(en)m |
| | 46954 | (t)k(shap)s(e)f(prop)s(erties.)40 b(The)23 b(routine)f |
| | 46955 | Fq(LUTABU)i Fw(p)s(erforms)e(a)g(statistical)0 2634 y(analysis)37 |
| | 46956 | b(of)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(di\013eren)m(t)g(quan)m(tities)h(lik) |
| | 46957 | m(e)e(particle)g(con)m(ten)m(t,)k(factorial)35 b(momen)m(ts)i(and)0 |
| | 46958 | 2743 y(the)c(energy{energy)h(correlation.)146 2851 y(Note)29 |
| | 46959 | b(that,)g(b)m(y)g(default,)f(all)e(remaining)g(partons/particles)h |
| | 46960 | (except)j(neutrinos)e(are)g(used)i(in)d(the)0 2959 y(analysis.)52 |
| | 46961 | b(Neutrinos)36 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(included)f(with)g Fq(MSTU\(41\)=1)p |
| | 46962 | Fw(.)56 b(Also)35 b(note)h(that)g(axes)h(determined)0 |
| | 46963 | 3068 y(are)g(stored)g(in)f Fq(LUJETS)p Fw(,)i(but)f(are)f(not)h(prop)s |
| | 46964 | (er)f(four-v)m(ectors)i(and,)f(as)g(a)f(general)g(rule)g(\(with)h(some) |
| | 46965 | 0 3176 y(exceptions\),)d(should)e(therefore)h(not)g(b)s(e)g(rotated)f |
| | 46966 | (or)g(b)s(o)s(osted.)p 0 3326 1184 9 v 0 3551 9 225 v |
| | 46967 | 79 3466 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUSPHE\(SPH,APL\))p 1175 3551 |
| | 46968 | V 0 3559 1184 9 v 0 3691 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)35 |
| | 46969 | b(diagonalize)f(the)i(momen)m(tum)f(tensor,)i(i.e.)54 |
| | 46970 | b(\014nd)36 b(the)h(eigen)m(v)-5 b(alues)36 b Fj(\025)3235 |
| | 46971 | 3706 y Fl(1)3307 3691 y Fj(>)e(\025)3474 3706 y Fl(2)3547 |
| | 46972 | 3691 y Fj(>)f(\025)3713 3706 y Fl(3)3752 3691 y Fw(,)472 |
| | 46973 | 3799 y(with)g(sum)f(unit)m(y)-8 b(,)33 b(and)f(the)h(corresp)s(onding)g |
| | 46974 | (eigen)m(v)m(ectors.)472 3907 y(Momen)m(tum)40 b(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)h(dep)s |
| | 46975 | (endence)h(is)e(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)i Fq(PARU\(41\))p Fw(;)k(default)39 |
| | 46976 | b(corresp)s(onds)j(to)472 4016 y(sphericit)m(y)-8 b(,)40 |
| | 46977 | b Fq(PARU\(41\)=1.)62 b Fw(giv)m(es)38 b(measures)g(linear)e(in)h |
| | 46978 | (momen)m(ta.)58 b(Whic)m(h)38 b(particles)472 4124 y(\(or)33 |
| | 46979 | b(partons\))f(are)h(used)h(in)d(the)i(analysis)f(is)g(determined)h(b)m |
| | 46980 | (y)g(the)g Fq(MSTU\(41\))i Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)0 4232 y Fq(SPH)52 |
| | 46981 | b(:)482 4193 y Fl(3)p 482 4209 36 4 v 482 4267 a(2)528 |
| | 46982 | 4232 y Fw(\()p Fj(\025)623 4247 y Fl(2)684 4232 y Fw(+)22 |
| | 46983 | b Fj(\025)839 4247 y Fl(3)878 4232 y Fw(\),)33 b(i.e.)43 |
| | 46984 | b(sphericit)m(y)33 b(\(for)f Fq(PARU\(41\)=2.)p Fw(\).)236 |
| | 46985 | 4341 y Fq(=)52 b(-1.)103 b(:)63 b Fw(analysis)38 b(not)g(p)s(erformed)g |
| | 46986 | (b)s(ecause)i(ev)m(en)m(t)h(con)m(tained)d(less)h(than)g(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 46987 | (particles)709 4449 y(\(or)34 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(exactly)g(bac)m(k-to-bac)m |
| | 46988 | (k)g(particles,)g(in)f(whic)m(h)h(case)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(transv)m |
| | 46989 | (erse)709 4557 y(directions)d(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)h(unde\014ned\).)0 |
| | 46990 | 4666 y Fq(APL)52 b(:)482 4626 y Fl(3)p 482 4642 V 482 |
| | 46991 | 4700 a(2)528 4666 y Fj(\025)585 4681 y Fl(3)624 4666 |
| | 46992 | y Fw(,)33 b(i.e.)43 b(aplanarit)m(y)31 b(\(for)h Fq(PARU\(41\)=2.)p |
| | 46993 | Fw(\).)236 4774 y Fq(=)52 b(-1.)103 b(:)63 b Fw(as)32 |
| | 46994 | b Fq(SPH=-1.)p Fw(.)0 4882 y Fo(Remark:)53 b Fw(the)45 |
| | 46995 | b(lines)d Fq(N+1)j Fw(through)f Fq(N+3)g Fw(\()p Fq(N-2)g |
| | 46996 | Fw(through)g Fq(N)g Fw(for)f Fq(MSTU\(43\)=2)p Fw(\))j(in)d |
| | 46997 | Fq(LUJETS)j Fw(will,)472 4991 y(after)33 b(a)f(call,)f(con)m(tain)h |
| | 46998 | (the)h(follo)m(wing)d(information:)472 5099 y Fq(K\(N+i,1\))54 |
| | 46999 | b(=)33 b Fw(31;)472 5207 y Fq(K\(N+i,2\))54 b(=)33 b |
| | 47000 | Fw(95;)472 5316 y Fq(K\(N+i,3\))54 b(:)43 b Fj(i)p Fw(,)33 |
| | 47001 | b(the)g(axis)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)g Fj(i)28 b Fw(=)f(1)p |
| | 47002 | Fj(;)17 b Fw(2)p Fj(;)g Fw(3;)472 5424 y Fq(K\(N+i,4\),)54 |
| | 47003 | b(K\(N+i,5\))f(=)33 b Fw(0;)472 5532 y Fq(P\(N+i,1\))54 |
| | 47004 | b(-)d(P\(N+i,3\))j(:)43 b Fw(the)33 b Fj(i)p Fw('th)g(eigen)m(v)m |
| | 47005 | (ector,)h Fj(x)p Fw(,)f Fj(y)j Fw(and)d Fj(z)k Fw(comp)s(onen)m(ts;)472 |
| | 47006 | 5641 y Fq(P\(N+i,4\))54 b(:)43 b Fj(\025)1085 5656 y |
| | 47007 | Fh(i)1114 5641 y Fw(,)32 b(the)h Fj(i)p Fw('th)g(eigen)m(v)-5 |
| | 47008 | b(alue;)1817 5953 y(301)p eop |
| | 47009 | %%Page: 302 308 |
| | 47010 | 302 307 bop 472 -18 a Fq(P\(N+i,5\))54 b(=)33 b Fw(0;)472 |
| | 47011 | 90 y Fq(V\(N+i,1\))54 b(-)d(V\(N+i,5\))j(=)33 b Fw(0.)472 |
| | 47012 | 198 y(Also,)g(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(particles)f(used)j(in)e(the) |
| | 47013 | h(analysis)f(is)g(giv)m(en)h(in)e Fq(MSTU\(62\))p Fw(.)p |
| | 47014 | 0 343 1184 9 v 0 567 9 225 v 79 483 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUTHRU\(THR,OBL\))p |
| | 47015 | 1175 567 V 0 575 1184 9 v 0 707 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)42 |
| | 47016 | b(\014nd)i(the)f(thrust,)k(ma)5 b(jor)41 b(and)j(minor)d(axes)j(and)f |
| | 47017 | (corresp)s(onding)g(pro)5 b(jected)44 b(mo-)472 816 y(men)m(tum)38 |
| | 47018 | b(quan)m(tities,)h(in)e(particular)f(thrust)i(and)g(oblateness.)60 |
| | 47019 | b(The)39 b(p)s(erformance)e(of)472 924 y(the)d(program)f(is)g |
| | 47020 | (a\013ected)h(b)m(y)i Fq(MSTU\(44\))p Fw(,)g Fq(MSTU\(45\))p |
| | 47021 | Fw(,)g Fq(PARU\(42\))f Fw(and)f Fq(PARU\(48\))p Fw(.)48 |
| | 47022 | b(In)472 1032 y(particular,)30 b Fq(PARU\(42\))i Fw(giv)m(es)f(the)f |
| | 47023 | (momen)m(tum)f(dep)s(endence,)34 b(with)c(the)g(default)g(v)-5 |
| | 47024 | b(alue)472 1141 y Fq(=1.)42 b Fw(corresp)s(onding)25 |
| | 47025 | b(to)f(linear)f(dep)s(endence.)43 b(Whic)m(h)25 b(particles)f(\(or)h |
| | 47026 | (partons\))g(are)f(used)472 1249 y(in)32 b(the)h(analysis)f(is)g |
| | 47027 | (determined)h(b)m(y)g(the)g Fq(MSTU\(41\))i Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)0 |
| | 47028 | 1357 y Fq(THR)52 b(:)216 b Fw(thrust)34 b(\(for)e Fq(PARU\(42\)=1.)p |
| | 47029 | Fw(\).)236 1466 y Fq(=)52 b(-1.)103 b(:)63 b Fw(analysis)32 |
| | 47030 | b(not)g(p)s(erformed)g(b)s(ecause)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(con)m(tained)f(less)g |
| | 47031 | (than)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(particles.)236 1574 y Fq(=)52 b(-2.)103 |
| | 47032 | b(:)63 b Fw(remaining)21 b(space)j(in)e Fq(LUJETS)j Fw(\(partly)e(used) |
| | 47033 | h(as)g(w)m(orking)f(area\))g(not)g(large)f(enough)709 |
| | 47034 | 1682 y(to)32 b(allo)m(w)f(analysis.)0 1791 y Fq(OBL)52 |
| | 47035 | b(:)216 b Fw(oblateness)34 b(\(for)e Fq(PARU\(42\)=1.)p |
| | 47036 | Fw(\).)236 1899 y Fq(=)52 b(-1.,)g(-2.)103 b(:)48 b Fw(as)33 |
| | 47037 | b(for)f Fq(THR)p Fw(.)0 2007 y Fo(Remark:)53 b Fw(the)45 |
| | 47038 | b(lines)d Fq(N+1)j Fw(through)f Fq(N+3)g Fw(\()p Fq(N-2)g |
| | 47039 | Fw(through)g Fq(N)g Fw(for)f Fq(MSTU\(43\)=2)p Fw(\))j(in)d |
| | 47040 | Fq(LUJETS)j Fw(will,)472 2116 y(after)33 b(a)f(call,)f(con)m(tain)h |
| | 47041 | (the)h(follo)m(wing)d(information:)472 2224 y Fq(K\(N+i,1\))54 |
| | 47042 | b(=)33 b Fw(31;)472 2332 y Fq(K\(N+i,2\))54 b(=)33 b |
| | 47043 | Fw(96;)472 2441 y Fq(K\(N+i,3\))54 b(:)43 b Fj(i)p Fw(,)33 |
| | 47044 | b(the)g(axis)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)g Fj(i)28 b Fw(=)f(1)p |
| | 47045 | Fj(;)17 b Fw(2)p Fj(;)g Fw(3;)472 2549 y Fq(K\(N+i,4\),)54 |
| | 47046 | b(K\(N+i,5\))f(=)33 b Fw(0;)472 2657 y Fq(P\(N+i,1\))54 |
| | 47047 | b(-)d(P\(N+i,3\))j(:)g Fw(the)38 b(thrust,)i(ma)5 b(jor)36 |
| | 47048 | b(and)i(minor)e(axis,)j(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)40 |
| | 47049 | b(for)472 2766 y Fj(i)28 b Fw(=)g(1)p Fj(;)17 b Fw(2)32 |
| | 47050 | b(and)g(3;)472 2874 y Fq(P\(N+i,4\))54 b(:)43 b Fw(corresp)s(onding)33 |
| | 47051 | b(thrust,)g(ma)5 b(jor)32 b(and)g(minor)f(v)-5 b(alue;)472 |
| | 47052 | 2982 y Fq(P\(N+i,5\))54 b(=)33 b Fw(0;)472 3091 y Fq(V\(N+i,1\))54 |
| | 47053 | b(-)d(V\(N+i,5\))j(=)33 b Fw(0.)472 3199 y(Also,)g(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 47054 | (er)g(of)f(particles)f(used)j(in)e(the)h(analysis)f(is)g(giv)m(en)h(in) |
| | 47055 | e Fq(MSTU\(62\))p Fw(.)p 0 3343 1030 9 v 0 3563 9 220 |
| | 47056 | v 79 3483 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUCLUS\(NJET\))p 1022 3563 V |
| | 47057 | 0 3571 1030 9 v 0 3703 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)c(reconstruct)i(an)e |
| | 47058 | (arbitrary)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(jets)h(using)f(a)g(cluster)h |
| | 47059 | (analysis)f(metho)s(d)472 3811 y(based)34 b(on)e(particle)g(momen)m |
| | 47060 | (ta.)472 3919 y(Three)40 b(di\013eren)m(t)e(distance)g(measures)h(are)f |
| | 47061 | (a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)37 b(see)i(section)f(15.2.)59 b(The)39 |
| | 47062 | b(c)m(hoice)472 4028 y(is)c(con)m(trolled)f(b)m(y)k Fq(MSTU\(46\))p |
| | 47063 | Fw(.)53 b(The)36 b(distance)g(scale)f Fj(d)2529 4043 |
| | 47064 | y Fl(join)2648 4028 y Fw(,)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(whic)m(h)g(t)m(w)m(o)g |
| | 47065 | (clusters)472 4136 y(ma)m(y)j(not)f(b)s(e)h(joined,)h(is)e(normally)e |
| | 47066 | (giv)m(en)j(b)m(y)i Fq(PARU\(44\))p Fw(.)63 b(In)39 b(general,)h |
| | 47067 | Fj(d)3304 4151 y Fl(join)3462 4136 y Fw(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)472 |
| | 47068 | 4244 y(v)-5 b(aried)31 b(to)g(describ)s(e)g(di\013eren)m(t)g |
| | 47069 | (`jet-resolution)f(p)s(o)m(w)m(ers';)j(the)f(default)e(v)-5 |
| | 47070 | b(alue,)31 b(2.5)f(GeV,)472 4353 y(is)h(fairly)f(w)m(ell)g(suited)h |
| | 47071 | (for)g(e)1496 4317 y Fl(+)1555 4353 y Fw(e)1598 4317 |
| | 47072 | y Fk(\000)1689 4353 y Fw(ph)m(ysics)i(at)e(30{40)f(GeV.)h(With)f(the)i |
| | 47073 | (alternativ)m(e)f(mass)472 4461 y(distance)h(measure,)f |
| | 47074 | Fq(PARU\(44\))i Fw(can)e(b)s(e)g(used)h(to)e(set)i(the)f(absolute)g |
| | 47075 | (maxim)m(um)d(cluster)472 4569 y(mass,)j(or)f Fq(PARU\(45\))i |
| | 47076 | Fw(to)d(set)i(the)f(scaled)h(one,)g(i.e.)42 b(in)29 b |
| | 47077 | Fj(y)i Fw(=)c Fj(m)2760 4533 y Fl(2)2800 4569 y Fj(=E)2927 |
| | 47078 | 4533 y Fl(2)2921 4594 y(cm)3015 4569 y Fw(,)k(where)g |
| | 47079 | Fj(E)3424 4584 y Fl(cm)3549 4569 y Fw(is)e(the)472 4678 |
| | 47080 | y(total)i(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)32 b(mass)g(of)g(the)h(particles)f(b)s |
| | 47081 | (eing)g(considered.)472 4786 y(It)47 b(is)e(p)s(ossible)g(to)h(con)m |
| | 47082 | (tin)m(ue)h(the)f(cluster)g(searc)m(h)i(from)c(the)j(con\014guration)e |
| | 47083 | (already)472 4894 y(found,)57 b(with)51 b(a)g(new)i(higher)e |
| | 47084 | Fj(d)1726 4909 y Fl(join)1897 4894 y Fw(scale,)56 b(b)m(y)c(selecting)h |
| | 47085 | Fq(MSTU\(48\))g Fw(prop)s(erly)-8 b(.)100 b(In)472 5003 |
| | 47086 | y Fq(MSTU\(47\))32 b Fw(one)e(can)g(also)e(require)i(a)f(minim)m(um)e |
| | 47087 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)g(jets)i(to)e(b)s(e)g(reconstructed;)472 |
| | 47088 | 5111 y(com)m(bined)k(with)g(an)g(arti\014cially)c(large)j |
| | 47089 | Fj(d)2021 5126 y Fl(join)2174 5111 y Fw(this)g(can)i(b)s(e)f(used)h(to) |
| | 47090 | e(reconstruct)j(a)e(pre-)472 5219 y(determined)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f |
| | 47091 | (jets.)472 5328 y(Whic)m(h)46 b(particles)e(\(or)g(partons\))h(are)g |
| | 47092 | (used)h(in)e(the)h(analysis)f(is)h(determined)f(b)m(y)i(the)472 |
| | 47093 | 5436 y Fq(MSTU\(41\))62 b Fw(v)-5 b(alue,)67 b(whereas)61 |
| | 47094 | b(assumptions)f(ab)s(out)g(particle)e(masses)j(is)e(giv)m(en)i(b)m(y) |
| | 47095 | 472 5544 y Fq(MSTU\(42\))p Fw(.)h(The)38 b(parameters)g |
| | 47096 | Fq(PARU\(43\))i Fw(and)e Fq(PARU\(48\))i Fw(regulate)d(more)g(tec)m |
| | 47097 | (hnical)472 5653 y(details)27 b(\(for)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)k(at)d(high)g |
| | 47098 | (energies)h(and)f(large)f(m)m(ultiplicities,)e(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)31 |
| | 47099 | b(the)d(c)m(hoice)1817 5953 y(302)p eop |
| | 47100 | %%Page: 303 309 |
| | 47101 | 303 308 bop 472 -18 a Fw(of)44 b(a)f(larger)g Fq(PARU\(43\))j |
| | 47102 | Fw(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(necessary)i(to)e(obtain)e(reasonable)i |
| | 47103 | (reconstruction)472 90 y(times\).)0 198 y Fq(NJET)52 |
| | 47104 | b(:)165 b Fw(the)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(clusters)g(reconstructed.) |
| | 47105 | 236 307 y Fq(=)52 b(-1)g(:)165 b Fw(analysis)25 b(not)h(p)s(erformed)g |
| | 47106 | (b)s(ecause)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(con)m(tained)e(less)h(than)f |
| | 47107 | Fq(MSTU\(47\))i Fw(\(nor-)709 415 y(mally)e(1\))i(particles,)h(or)f |
| | 47108 | (analysis)g(failed)e(to)j(reconstruct)g(the)g(requested)i(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 47109 | (er)709 523 y(of)h(jets.)236 632 y Fq(=)52 b(-2)g(:)165 |
| | 47110 | b Fw(remaining)21 b(space)j(in)e Fq(LUJETS)j Fw(\(partly)e(used)h(as)g |
| | 47111 | (w)m(orking)f(area\))g(not)g(large)f(enough)709 740 y(to)32 |
| | 47112 | b(allo)m(w)f(analysis.)0 848 y Fo(Remark:)53 b Fw(if)g(the)i(analysis)e |
| | 47113 | (do)s(es)i(not)f(fail,)j(further)e(information)c(is)i(found)i(in)e |
| | 47114 | Fq(MSTU\(61\))g(-)472 957 y(MSTU\(63\))43 b Fw(and)d |
| | 47115 | Fq(PARU\(61\))53 b(-)f(PARU\(63\))p Fw(.)68 b(In)41 b(particular,)f |
| | 47116 | Fq(PARU\(61\))j Fw(con)m(tains)d(the)472 1065 y(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 47117 | b(arian)m(t)35 b(mass)i(for)f(the)g(system)i(analyzed,)f(i.e.)54 |
| | 47118 | b(the)37 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(used)h(in)d(determining)472 |
| | 47119 | 1173 y(the)j(denominator)e(of)g Fj(y)j Fw(=)c Fj(m)1617 |
| | 47120 | 1137 y Fl(2)1657 1173 y Fj(=E)1784 1137 y Fl(2)1778 1198 |
| | 47121 | y(cm)1873 1173 y Fw(.)57 b Fq(PARU\(62\))39 b Fw(giv)m(es)f(the)f |
| | 47122 | (generalized)g(thrust,)i(i.e.)472 1282 y(the)34 b(sum)f(of)g |
| | 47123 | (\(absolute)g(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(of)7 b(\))32 b(cluster)i(momen)m(ta)e |
| | 47124 | (divided)h(b)m(y)h(the)f(sum)g(of)g(parti-)472 1390 y(cle)38 |
| | 47125 | b(momen)m(ta)f(\(roughly)h(the)g(same)g(as)g(m)m(ulticit)m(y\).)59 |
| | 47126 | b Fq(PARU\(63\))40 b Fw(giv)m(es)e(the)h(minim)m(um)472 |
| | 47127 | 1498 y(distance)31 b Fj(d)e Fw(\(in)g Fj(p)1128 1513 |
| | 47128 | y Fk(?)1217 1498 y Fw(or)g Fj(m)p Fw(\))h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(t)m(w)m(o) |
| | 47129 | e(clusters)h(in)e(the)h(\014nal)f(cluster)h(con\014guration,)472 |
| | 47130 | 1607 y(0)j(in)f(case)h(of)f(only)g(one)h(cluster.)472 |
| | 47131 | 1715 y(F)-8 b(urther,)34 b(the)g(lines)e Fq(N+1)j Fw(through)e |
| | 47132 | Fq(N+NJET)i Fw(\()p Fq(N-NJET+1)g Fw(through)f Fq(N)f |
| | 47133 | Fw(for)g Fq(MSTU\(43\)=2)p Fw(\))472 1823 y(in)f Fq(LUJETS)i |
| | 47134 | Fw(will,)d(after)h(a)g(call,)f(con)m(tain)h(the)h(follo)m(wing)d |
| | 47135 | (information:)472 1932 y Fq(K\(N+i,1\))54 b(=)33 b Fw(31;)472 |
| | 47136 | 2040 y Fq(K\(N+i,2\))54 b(=)33 b Fw(97;)472 2148 y Fq(K\(N+i,3\))54 |
| | 47137 | b(:)43 b Fj(i)p Fw(,)32 b(the)g(jet)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)g(with)f(the)h |
| | 47138 | (jets)g(arranged)g(in)f(falling)d(order)k(of)f(abso-)472 |
| | 47139 | 2257 y(lute)i(momen)m(tum;)472 2365 y Fq(K\(N+i,4\))54 |
| | 47140 | b(:)43 b Fw(the)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(particles)e(assigned)i(to)f |
| | 47141 | (jet)h Fj(i)p Fw(;)472 2473 y Fq(K\(N+i,5\))54 b(=)33 |
| | 47142 | b Fw(0;)472 2582 y Fq(P\(N+i,1\))54 b(-)d(P\(N+i,5\))j(:)43 |
| | 47143 | b Fw(momen)m(tum,)32 b(energy)h(and)g(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31 |
| | 47144 | b(mass)i(of)f(jet)g Fj(i)p Fw(;)472 2690 y Fq(V\(N+i,1\))54 |
| | 47145 | b(-)d(V\(N+i,5\))j(=)33 b Fw(0.)472 2798 y(Also,)g(for)g(a)g(particle)e |
| | 47146 | (whic)m(h)j(w)m(as)g(used)g(in)f(the)g(analysis,)g Fq(K\(I,4\))p |
| | 47147 | Fw(=)d Fj(i)p Fw(,)k(where)g Fq(I)f Fw(is)g(the)472 2907 |
| | 47148 | y(particle)40 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(and)g Fj(i)f Fw(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 47149 | (er)g(of)e(the)i(jet)f(it)g(has)g(b)s(en)h(assigned)g(to.)69 |
| | 47150 | b(Unde-)472 3015 y(ca)m(y)m(ed)37 b(particles)d(not)g(used)i(then)g(ha) |
| | 47151 | m(v)m(e)g Fq(K\(I,4\)=0)p Fw(.)52 b(An)35 b(exception)g(is)g(made)f |
| | 47152 | (for)g(lines)472 3123 y(with)28 b Fq(K\(I,1\)=3)i Fw(\(whic)m(h)e(an)m |
| | 47153 | (yho)m(w)h(are)f(not)g(normally)d(in)m(teresting)j(for)f(cluster)h |
| | 47154 | (searc)m(h\),)472 3232 y(where)34 b(the)f(colour-\015o)m(w)f |
| | 47155 | (information)e(stored)j(in)f Fq(K\(I,4\))i Fw(is)e(left)f(in)m(tact.)p |
| | 47156 | 0 3371 1030 9 v 0 3590 9 220 v 79 3511 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUCELL\(NJET\))p |
| | 47157 | 1022 3590 V 0 3598 1030 9 v 0 3730 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c |
| | 47158 | Fw(to)36 b(pro)m(vide)g(a)g(simpler)e(cluster)j(routine)e(more)h(in)f |
| | 47159 | (line)g(with)g(what)i(is)e(curren)m(tly)i(used)472 3838 |
| | 47160 | y(in)32 b(the)h(study)h(of)e(high-)p Fj(p)1401 3853 y |
| | 47161 | Fk(?)1491 3838 y Fw(collider)f(ev)m(en)m(ts.)472 3946 |
| | 47162 | y(A)42 b(detector)g(is)f(assumed)h(to)f(stretc)m(h)h(in)f |
| | 47163 | (pseudorapidit)m(y)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j Fq(-PARU\(51\))f |
| | 47164 | Fw(and)472 4055 y Fq(+PARU\(51\))j Fw(and)d(b)s(e)h(segmen)m(ted)g(in)f |
| | 47165 | Fq(MSTU\(51\))i Fw(equally)e(large)f Fj(\021)k Fw(\(pseudorapidit)m |
| | 47166 | (y\))472 4163 y(bins)37 b(and)f Fq(MSTU\(52\))j Fj(')d |
| | 47167 | Fw(\(azim)m(uthal\))f(bins.)55 b(T)-8 b(ransv)m(erse)39 |
| | 47168 | b(energy)e Fj(E)3089 4178 y Fk(?)3185 4163 y Fw(for)f(undeca)m(y)m(ed) |
| | 47169 | 472 4271 y(en)m(tries)46 b(are)g(summed)f(up)g(in)g(eac)m(h)h(bin.)81 |
| | 47170 | b(F)-8 b(or)45 b Fq(MSTU\(53\))i Fw(non-zero,)i(the)d(energy)g(is)472 |
| | 47171 | 4380 y(smeared)41 b(b)m(y)g(calorimetric)c(resolution)i(e\013ects,)k |
| | 47172 | (cell)c(b)m(y)i(cell.)64 b(This)41 b(is)e(done)i(accord-)472 |
| | 47173 | 4488 y(ing)35 b(to)h(a)g(Gaussian)f(distribution;)h(if)42 |
| | 47174 | b Fq(MSTU\(53\)=1)d Fw(the)d(standard)h(deviation)e(for)g(the)472 |
| | 47175 | 4597 y Fj(E)544 4612 y Fk(?)649 4597 y Fw(is)46 b Fq(PARU\(55\))p |
| | 47176 | Fn(\002)1246 4520 y(p)p 1331 4520 132 4 v 1331 4597 a |
| | 47177 | Fj(E)1403 4612 y Fk(?)1463 4597 y Fw(,)j(if)i Fq(MSTU\(53\)=2)e |
| | 47178 | Fw(the)d(standard)g(deviation)f(for)g(the)h Fj(E)52 b |
| | 47179 | Fw(is)472 4716 y Fq(PARU\(55\))p Fn(\002)957 4632 y(p)p |
| | 47180 | 1043 4632 79 4 v 1043 4716 a Fj(E)6 b Fw(,)30 b Fj(E)1250 |
| | 47181 | 4731 y Fk(?)1338 4716 y Fw(and)f Fj(E)35 b Fw(expressed)d(in)c(GeV.)h |
| | 47182 | (The)g(Gaussian)g(is)f(cut)i(o\013)e(at)h(0)f(and)472 |
| | 47183 | 4824 y(at)39 b(a)g(factor)g Fq(PARU\(56\))i Fw(times)e(the)h(correct)f |
| | 47184 | Fj(E)2267 4839 y Fk(?)2366 4824 y Fw(or)g Fj(E)6 b Fw(.)63 |
| | 47185 | b(Cells)39 b(with)g(an)g Fj(E)3349 4839 y Fk(?)3448 4824 |
| | 47186 | y Fw(b)s(elo)m(w)g(a)472 4933 y(giv)m(en)c(threshold)g |
| | 47187 | Fq(PARU\(58\))h Fw(are)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)g(from)e(further)i |
| | 47188 | (consideration;)g(b)m(y)g(default)472 5041 y Fq(PARU\(58\)=0.)47 |
| | 47189 | b Fw(and)32 b(th)m(us)i(all)c(cells)i(are)h(k)m(ept.)472 |
| | 47190 | 5149 y(All)38 b(bins)i(with)f Fj(E)1154 5164 y Fk(?)1253 |
| | 47191 | 5149 y Fj(>)p Fq(PARU\(52\))j Fw(are)d(tak)m(en)i(to)e(b)s(e)h(p)s |
| | 47192 | (ossible)f(initiators)e(of)i(jets,)j(and)472 5258 y(are)37 |
| | 47193 | b(tried)f(in)g(falling)d Fj(E)1365 5273 y Fk(?)1461 5258 |
| | 47194 | y Fw(sequence)39 b(to)d(c)m(hec)m(k)j(whether)f(the)f(total)e |
| | 47195 | Fj(E)3118 5273 y Fk(?)3214 5258 y Fw(summed)h(o)m(v)m(er)472 |
| | 47196 | 5392 y(cells)k(no)h(more)f(distan)m(t)g(than)g Fq(PARU\(54\))j |
| | 47197 | Fw(in)2232 5292 y Fg(q)p 2315 5292 629 4 v 100 x Fw(\(\001)p |
| | 47198 | Fj(\021)t Fw(\))2524 5363 y Fl(2)2585 5392 y Fw(+)22 |
| | 47199 | b(\(\001)p Fj(')p Fw(\))2904 5363 y Fl(2)2984 5392 y |
| | 47200 | Fw(exceeds)43 b Fq(PARU\(53\))p Fw(.)472 5516 y(If)c(so,)i(these)g |
| | 47201 | (cells)d(de\014ne)i(one)f(jet,)i(and)e(are)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(from)e |
| | 47202 | (further)h(consideration.)472 5624 y(Con)m(trary)29 b(to)f |
| | 47203 | Fq(LUCLUS)p Fw(,)i(not)e(all)f(particles)g(need)i(b)s(e)g(assigned)f |
| | 47204 | (to)g(jets.)43 b(Whic)m(h)28 b(particles)1817 5953 y(303)p |
| | 47205 | eop |
| | 47206 | %%Page: 304 310 |
| | 47207 | 304 309 bop 472 -18 a Fw(\(or)33 b(partons\))f(are)h(used)h(in)d(the)i |
| | 47208 | (analysis)f(is)g(determined)h(b)m(y)g(the)g Fq(MSTU\(41\))i |
| | 47209 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)0 90 y Fq(NJET)52 b(:)165 b Fw(the)33 |
| | 47210 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(jets)g(reconstructed)h(\(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)h |
| | 47211 | (0\).)236 198 y Fq(=)52 b(-2)g(:)165 b Fw(remaining)21 |
| | 47212 | b(space)j(in)e Fq(LUJETS)j Fw(\(partly)e(used)h(as)g(w)m(orking)f |
| | 47213 | (area\))g(not)g(large)f(enough)709 307 y(to)32 b(allo)m(w)f(analysis.)0 |
| | 47214 | 415 y Fo(Remark:)53 b Fw(the)28 b(lines)d Fq(N+1)j Fw(through)e |
| | 47215 | Fq(N+NJET)j Fw(\()p Fq(N-NJET+1)f Fw(through)f Fq(N)g |
| | 47216 | Fw(for)f Fq(MSTU\(43\)=2)p Fw(\))j(in)d Fq(LUJETS)472 |
| | 47217 | 523 y Fw(will,)31 b(after)h(a)g(call,)f(con)m(tain)h(the)h(follo)m |
| | 47218 | (wing)d(information:)472 632 y Fq(K\(N+i,1\))54 b(=)33 |
| | 47219 | b Fw(31;)472 740 y Fq(K\(N+i,2\))54 b(=)33 b Fw(98;)472 |
| | 47220 | 848 y Fq(K\(N+i,3\))54 b(:)43 b Fj(i)p Fw(,)33 b(the)g(jet)g(n)m(um)m |
| | 47221 | (b)s(er,)g(with)f(the)h(jets)g(arranged)g(in)f(falling)d(order)k(in)e |
| | 47222 | Fj(E)3643 863 y Fk(?)3703 848 y Fw(;)472 957 y Fq(K\(N+i,4\))54 |
| | 47223 | b(:)43 b Fw(the)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(particles)e(assigned)i(to)f |
| | 47224 | (jet)h Fj(i)p Fw(;)472 1065 y Fq(K\(N+i,5\))54 b(=)33 |
| | 47225 | b Fw(0;)472 1173 y Fq(V\(N+i,1\))54 b(-)d(V\(N+i,5\))j(=)33 |
| | 47226 | b Fw(0.)472 1282 y(F)-8 b(urther,)33 b(for)f Fq(MSTU\(54\)=1)472 |
| | 47227 | 1390 y(P\(N+i,1\),)54 b(P\(N+i,2\))f(=)38 b Fw(p)s(osition)d(in)i |
| | 47228 | Fj(\021)j Fw(and)e Fj(')f Fw(of)f(the)i(cen)m(ter)g(of)f(the)h(jet)f |
| | 47229 | (initiator)472 1498 y(cell,)32 b(i.e.)43 b(geometrical)30 |
| | 47230 | b(cen)m(ter)k(of)e(jet;)472 1607 y Fq(P\(N+i,3\),)54 |
| | 47231 | b(P\(N+i,4\))f(=)34 b Fw(p)s(osition)d(in)i Fj(\021)k |
| | 47232 | Fw(and)c Fj(')g Fw(of)g(the)h Fj(E)2743 1622 y Fk(?)2802 |
| | 47233 | 1607 y Fw(-w)m(eigh)m(ted)g(cen)m(ter)g(of)f(the)472 |
| | 47234 | 1715 y(jet,)g(i.e.)43 b(the)33 b(cen)m(ter)h(of)e(gra)m(vit)m(y)h(of)f |
| | 47235 | (the)h(jet;)472 1823 y Fq(P\(N+i,5\))54 b(=)33 b Fw(sum)f |
| | 47236 | Fj(E)1296 1838 y Fk(?)1388 1823 y Fw(of)g(the)h(jet;)472 |
| | 47237 | 1932 y(while)f(for)g Fq(MSTU\(54\)=2)472 2040 y(P\(N+i,1\))54 |
| | 47238 | b(-)d(P\(N+i,5\))j(:)80 b Fw(the)52 b(jet)f(momen)m(tum)e(v)m(ector,)57 |
| | 47239 | b(constructed)52 b(from)e(the)472 2148 y(summed)33 b |
| | 47240 | Fj(E)930 2163 y Fk(?)1022 2148 y Fw(and)f(the)h Fj(\021)j |
| | 47241 | Fw(and)d Fj(')g Fw(of)f(the)h Fj(E)2101 2163 y Fk(?)2160 |
| | 47242 | 2148 y Fw(-w)m(eigh)m(ted)g(cen)m(ter)h(of)e(the)h(jet)g(as)472 |
| | 47243 | 2257 y(\()p Fj(p)559 2272 y Fh(x)603 2257 y Fj(;)17 b(p)696 |
| | 47244 | 2272 y Fh(y)737 2257 y Fj(;)g(p)830 2272 y Fh(z)870 2257 |
| | 47245 | y Fj(;)g(E)6 b(;)17 b(m)p Fw(\))27 b(=)h Fj(E)1362 2272 |
| | 47246 | y Fk(?)1421 2257 y Fw(\(cos)17 b Fj(';)g Fw(sin)f Fj(';)h |
| | 47247 | Fw(sinh)f Fj(\021)t(;)h Fw(cosh)g Fj(\021)t(;)g Fw(0\);)472 |
| | 47248 | 2365 y(and)33 b(for)f Fq(MSTU\(54\)=3)472 2473 y(P\(N+i,1\))54 |
| | 47249 | b(-)d(P\(N+i,5\))j(:)66 b Fw(the)45 b(jet)f(momen)m(tum)f(v)m(ector,)48 |
| | 47250 | b(constructed)d(b)m(y)g(adding)472 2582 y(v)m(ectorially)24 |
| | 47251 | b(the)h(momen)m(tum)e(of)h(eac)m(h)i(cell)d(assigned)i(to)g(the)g(jet,) |
| | 47252 | h(assuming)e(that)g(all)f(the)472 2690 y Fj(E)544 2705 |
| | 47253 | y Fk(?)635 2690 y Fw(w)m(as)31 b(dep)s(osited)h(at)e(the)h(cen)m(ter)i |
| | 47254 | (of)d(the)h(cell,)g(and)g(with)f(the)h(jet)g(mass)g(in)f |
| | 47255 | Fq(P\(N+i,5\))472 2798 y Fw(calculated)i(from)f(the)i(summed)g |
| | 47256 | Fj(E)38 b Fw(and)33 b Fo(p)g Fw(as)g Fj(m)2317 2762 y |
| | 47257 | Fl(2)2384 2798 y Fw(=)28 b Fj(E)2566 2762 y Fl(2)2627 |
| | 47258 | 2798 y Fn(\000)23 b Fj(p)2776 2762 y Fl(2)2776 2823 y |
| | 47259 | Fh(x)2842 2798 y Fn(\000)f Fj(p)2990 2762 y Fl(2)2990 |
| | 47260 | 2823 y Fh(y)3054 2798 y Fn(\000)h Fj(p)3203 2762 y Fl(2)3203 |
| | 47261 | 2823 y Fh(z)3242 2798 y Fw(.)472 2907 y(Also,)39 b(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 47262 | (er)g(of)g(particles)f(used)i(in)e(the)h(analysis)f(is)g(giv)m(en)h(in) |
| | 47263 | f Fq(MSTU\(62\))p Fw(,)k(and)472 3015 y(the)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g |
| | 47264 | (cells)e(hit)h(in)g Fq(MSTU\(63\))p Fw(.)p 0 3148 1184 |
| | 47265 | 9 v 0 3373 9 225 v 79 3288 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUJMAS\(PMH,PML\))p |
| | 47266 | 1175 3373 V 0 3381 1184 9 v 0 3513 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c |
| | 47267 | Fw(to)f(reconstruct)h(high)f(and)g(lo)m(w)g(jet)g(mass)h(of)e(an)i(ev)m |
| | 47268 | (en)m(t.)89 b(A)47 b(simpli\014ed)f(algorithm)472 3621 |
| | 47269 | y(is)41 b(used,)i(wherein)f(a)e(preliminary)e(division)h(of)h(the)h(ev) |
| | 47270 | m(en)m(t)h(in)m(to)e(t)m(w)m(o)h(hemispheres)h(is)472 |
| | 47271 | 3730 y(done)37 b(transv)m(ersely)h(to)f(the)f(sphericit)m(y)h(axis.)55 |
| | 47272 | b(Then)38 b(one)e(particle)f(at)h(a)g(time)g(is)f(reas-)472 |
| | 47273 | 3838 y(signed)h(to)g(the)g(other)g(hemisphere)h(if)d(that)i(reduces)i |
| | 47274 | (the)e(sum)g(of)f(squares)j(of)d(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)472 |
| | 47275 | 3946 y(jet)i(masses,)i Fj(m)1063 3910 y Fl(2)1063 3971 |
| | 47276 | y(H)1147 3946 y Fw(+)26 b Fj(m)1334 3910 y Fl(2)1334 |
| | 47277 | 3971 y(L)1382 3946 y Fw(.)62 b(The)39 b(pro)s(cedure)h(is)e(stopp)s(ed) |
| | 47278 | h(when)h(no)e(further)h(signi\014can)m(t)472 4055 y(c)m(hange)34 |
| | 47279 | b(\(see)g Fq(PARU\(48\))p Fw(\))h(is)d(obtained.)44 b(Often,)33 |
| | 47280 | b(the)g(original)d(assignmen)m(t)i(is)h(retained)472 |
| | 47281 | 4163 y(as)41 b(it)f(is.)68 b(Whic)m(h)41 b(particles)f(\(or)h |
| | 47282 | (partons\))g(used)h(in)e(the)h(analysis)f(is)h(determined)g(b)m(y)472 |
| | 47283 | 4271 y(the)h Fq(MSTU\(41\))h Fw(v)-5 b(alue,)42 b(whereas)h |
| | 47284 | (assumptions)d(ab)s(out)h(particle)e(masses)j(is)f(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)472 |
| | 47285 | 4380 y Fq(MSTU\(42\))p Fw(.)0 4488 y Fq(PMH)52 b(:)216 |
| | 47286 | b Fw(hea)m(vy)35 b(jet)d(mass)h(\(in)e(GeV\).)236 4597 |
| | 47287 | y Fq(=)52 b(-2.)103 b(:)63 b Fw(remaining)21 b(space)j(in)e |
| | 47288 | Fq(LUJETS)j Fw(\(partly)e(used)h(as)g(w)m(orking)f(area\))g(not)g |
| | 47289 | (large)f(enough)709 4705 y(to)32 b(allo)m(w)f(analysis.)0 |
| | 47290 | 4813 y Fq(PML)52 b(:)216 b Fw(ligh)m(t)31 b(jet)i(mass)g(\(in)e(GeV\).) |
| | 47291 | 236 4922 y Fq(=)52 b(-2.)103 b(:)63 b Fw(as)32 b(for)g |
| | 47292 | Fq(PMH=-2.)p Fw(.)0 5030 y Fo(Remark:)53 b Fw(After)33 |
| | 47293 | b(a)f(successful)j(call,)c Fq(MSTU\(62\))j Fw(con)m(tains)f(the)g(n)m |
| | 47294 | (um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(particles)g(used)h(in)f(the)472 5138 |
| | 47295 | y(analysis,)f(and)h Fq(PARU\(61\))h Fw(the)f(in)m(v)-5 |
| | 47296 | b(arian)m(t)29 b(mass)j(of)e(the)i(system)g(analyzed.)43 |
| | 47297 | b(The)32 b(latter)472 5247 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(is)g(helpful)e(in)h |
| | 47298 | (constructing)h(scaled)f(jet)h(masses.)p 0 5391 1594 |
| | 47299 | 9 v 0 5616 9 225 v 79 5531 a Fq(CALL)52 b(LUFOWO\(H10,H20,H30,H40\))p |
| | 47300 | 1585 5616 V 0 5624 1594 9 v 1817 5953 a Fw(304)p eop |
| | 47301 | %%Page: 305 311 |
| | 47302 | 305 310 bop 0 -18 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)32 b(do)h(an)f(ev)m(en)m |
| | 47303 | (t)j(analysis)d(in)f(terms)i(of)f(the)h(F)-8 b(o)m(x-W)g(olfram)30 |
| | 47304 | b(momen)m(ts.)43 b(The)34 b(momen)m(ts)472 90 y Fj(H)553 |
| | 47305 | 105 y Fh(i)608 90 y Fw(are)27 b(normalized)d(to)i(the)h(lo)m(w)m(est)g |
| | 47306 | (one,)i Fj(H)2102 105 y Fl(0)2141 90 y Fw(.)41 b(Whic)m(h)27 |
| | 47307 | b(particles)f(\(or)g(partons\))h(are)f(used)472 198 y(in)32 |
| | 47308 | b(the)h(analysis)f(is)g(determined)h(b)m(y)g(the)g Fq(MSTU\(41\))i |
| | 47309 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)0 307 y Fq(H10)52 b(:)216 b Fj(H)553 |
| | 47310 | 322 y Fl(1)593 307 y Fj(=H)723 322 y Fl(0)762 307 y Fw(.)43 |
| | 47311 | b(Is)33 b(=)28 b(0)k(if)g(momen)m(tum)f(is)h(balanced.)0 |
| | 47312 | 415 y Fq(H20)52 b(:)216 b Fj(H)553 430 y Fl(2)593 415 |
| | 47313 | y Fj(=H)723 430 y Fl(0)762 415 y Fw(.)0 523 y Fq(H30)52 |
| | 47314 | b(:)216 b Fj(H)553 538 y Fl(3)593 523 y Fj(=H)723 538 |
| | 47315 | y Fl(0)762 523 y Fw(.)0 632 y Fq(H40)52 b(:)216 b Fj(H)553 |
| | 47316 | 647 y Fl(4)593 632 y Fj(=H)723 647 y Fl(0)762 632 y Fw(.)0 |
| | 47317 | 740 y Fo(Remark:)53 b Fw(the)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(particles)e |
| | 47318 | (used)j(in)e(the)h(analysis)f(is)g(giv)m(en)h(in)e Fq(MSTU\(62\))p |
| | 47319 | Fw(.)p 0 884 1082 9 v 0 1103 9 220 v 79 1024 a Fq(CALL)52 |
| | 47320 | b(LUTABU\(MTABU\))p 1073 1103 V 0 1111 1082 9 v 0 1243 |
| | 47321 | a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)c Fw(to)36 b(pro)m(vide)h(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f |
| | 47322 | (ev)m(en)m(t-analysis)h(options)f(whic)m(h)h(can)g(b)s(e)g(b)s(e)f |
| | 47323 | (used)i(on)f(eac)m(h)472 1352 y(new)k(ev)m(en)m(t,)i(with)d(accum)m |
| | 47324 | (ulated)f(statistics)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(written)h(out)g(on)f(request.)67 |
| | 47325 | b(When)472 1460 y(errors)39 b(are)f(quoted,)i(these)f(refer)f(to)g(the) |
| | 47326 | g(uncertain)m(t)m(y)h(in)e(the)h(a)m(v)m(erage)h(v)-5 |
| | 47327 | b(alue)38 b(for)f(the)472 1568 y(ev)m(en)m(t)k(sample)c(as)h(a)g |
| | 47328 | (whole,)i(rather)e(than)g(to)g(the)h(spread)g(of)f(the)g(individual)e |
| | 47329 | (ev)m(en)m(ts,)472 1677 y(i.e.)87 b(errors)48 b(decrease)h(lik)m(e)d |
| | 47330 | (one)h(o)m(v)m(er)i(the)e(square)h(ro)s(ot)f(of)f(the)i(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 47331 | (er)f(of)g(ev)m(en)m(ts)472 1785 y(analyzed.)86 b(F)-8 |
| | 47332 | b(or)46 b(a)g(correct)h(use)g(of)53 b Fq(LUTABU)p Fw(,)48 |
| | 47333 | b(it)e(is)g(not)g(p)s(ermissible)f(to)h(freely)h(mix)472 |
| | 47334 | 1893 y(generation)f(and)h(analysis)f(of)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(classes)i |
| | 47335 | (of)e(ev)m(en)m(ts,)52 b(since)47 b(only)f(one)h(set)g(of)472 |
| | 47336 | 2002 y(statistics)35 b(coun)m(ters)i(exists.)53 b(A)35 |
| | 47337 | b(single)f(run)i(ma)m(y)f(still)e(con)m(tain)i(sequen)m(tial)h |
| | 47338 | (`subruns',)472 2110 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(whic)m(h)f(statistics)e(is)g |
| | 47339 | (reset.)46 b(Whenev)m(er)35 b(an)e(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)f(analyzed,)g(the)g |
| | 47340 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)472 2219 y(of)g(particles/partons)e(used)j(is)e(giv)m |
| | 47341 | (en)h(in)f Fq(MSTU\(62\))p Fw(.)0 2327 y Fq(MTABU)53 |
| | 47342 | b(:)113 b Fw(determines)47 b(whic)m(h)f(action)g(is)f(to)h(b)s(e)h(tak) |
| | 47343 | m(en.)85 b(Generally)-8 b(,)48 b(a)e(last)g(digit)e(equal)i(to)g(0)472 |
| | 47344 | 2435 y(indicates)40 b(that)f(the)h(statistics)g(coun)m(ters)h(for)e |
| | 47345 | (this)g(option)g(is)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(reset;)45 b(since)40 |
| | 47346 | b(the)472 2544 y(coun)m(ters)c(are)e(reset)h(\(b)m(y)h |
| | 47347 | Fq(DATA)f Fw(statemen)m(ts\))g(at)e(the)h(b)s(eginning)f(of)g(a)h(run,) |
| | 47348 | h(this)e(is)h(not)472 2652 y(used)i(normally)-8 b(.)45 |
| | 47349 | b(Last)34 b(digit)e(1)i(leads)f(to)h(an)g(analysis)f(of)h(curren)m(t)h |
| | 47350 | (ev)m(en)m(t)h(with)d(resp)s(ect)472 2760 y(to)i(the)f(desired)i(prop)s |
| | 47351 | (erties.)49 b(Note)34 b(that)h(the)f(resulting)g(action)g(ma)m(y)g(dep) |
| | 47352 | s(end)h(on)g(ho)m(w)472 2869 y(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(generated)f(has)f(b) |
| | 47353 | s(een)h(rotated,)f(b)s(o)s(osted)h(or)e(edited)h(b)s(efore)h(this)e |
| | 47354 | (call.)47 b(The)472 2977 y(statistics)38 b(accum)m(ulated)f(is)g |
| | 47355 | (output)h(in)f(tabular)g(form)f(with)i(last)f(digit)f(2,)i(while)f(it)g |
| | 47356 | (is)472 3085 y(dump)s(ed)e(in)f(the)h Fq(LUJETS)h Fw(common)e(blo)s(c)m |
| | 47357 | (k)g(for)h(last)e(digit)g(3.)50 b(The)35 b(latter)f(option)g(ma)m(y)472 |
| | 47358 | 3194 y(b)s(e)f(useful)g(for)f(in)m(terfacing)f(to)h(graphics)h(output.) |
| | 47359 | 236 3302 y Fq(=)52 b(10)g(:)165 b Fw(statistics)32 b(on)g(parton)h(m)m |
| | 47360 | (ultiplicit)m(y)c(is)j(reset.)236 3410 y Fq(=)52 b(11)g(:)165 |
| | 47361 | b Fw(the)35 b(parton)g(con)m(ten)m(t)h(of)e(the)h(curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en) |
| | 47362 | m(t)h(is)e(analyzed,)g(classi\014ed)g(according)709 3519 |
| | 47363 | y(to)23 b(the)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(con)m(ten)m(t)g(of)f(the)g(hard)g(in) |
| | 47364 | m(teraction)f(and)h(the)g(total)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j(of)e(par-)709 |
| | 47365 | 3627 y(tons.)41 b(The)25 b(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(con)m(ten)m(t)g(is)f |
| | 47366 | (assumed)h(giv)m(en)f(in)f Fq(MSTU\(161\))k Fw(and)d |
| | 47367 | Fq(MSTU\(162\))p Fw(;)709 3735 y(these)33 b(are)g(automatically)c(set)k |
| | 47368 | (e.g.)44 b(in)32 b Fq(LUEEVT)i Fw(and)f Fq(PYEVNT)h Fw(calls.)236 |
| | 47369 | 3844 y Fq(=)52 b(12)g(:)165 b Fw(giv)m(es)33 b(a)f(table)g(on)g(parton) |
| | 47370 | h(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)c(distribution.)236 3952 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 47371 | b(13)g(:)165 b Fw(stores)38 b(the)f(parton)g(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)d |
| | 47372 | (distribution)h(of)i(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(in)c Fq(/LUJETS/)p |
| | 47373 | Fw(,)41 b(using)709 4060 y(the)33 b(follo)m(wing)d(format:)709 |
| | 47374 | 4169 y Fq(N)51 b(=)33 b Fw(total)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)f(di\013eren)m |
| | 47375 | (t)h(c)m(hannels)g(found;)709 4277 y Fq(K\(I,1\))53 b(=)32 |
| | 47376 | b Fw(32;)709 4385 y Fq(K\(I,2\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(99;)709 |
| | 47377 | 4494 y Fq(K\(I,3\),)53 b(K\(I,4\))g(=)32 b Fw(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(\015a)m |
| | 47378 | (v)m(ours)g(of)e(the)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(con)m(ten)m(t;)709 |
| | 47379 | 4602 y Fq(K\(I,5\))53 b(=)37 b Fw(total)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)f(ev)m |
| | 47380 | (en)m(ts)k(found)c(with)h(\015a)m(v)m(our)h(con)m(ten)m(t)g(of)43 |
| | 47381 | b Fq(K\(I,3\))709 4710 y Fw(and)32 b Fq(K\(I,4\))p Fw(;)709 |
| | 47382 | 4819 y Fq(P\(I,1\))53 b(-)e(P\(I,5\))i(=)23 b Fw(relativ)m(e)g |
| | 47383 | (probabilit)m(y)e(to)i(\014nd)h(giv)m(en)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(con)m(ten) |
| | 47384 | m(t)g(and)709 4927 y(a)32 b(total)f(of)h(1,)g(2,)h(3,)f(4)h(or)f(5)g |
| | 47385 | (partons,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely;)709 5035 y Fq(V\(I,1\))53 |
| | 47386 | b(-)e(V\(I,5\))i(=)23 b Fw(relativ)m(e)g(probabilit)m(y)e(to)i(\014nd)h |
| | 47387 | (giv)m(en)g(\015a)m(v)m(our)g(con)m(ten)m(t)g(and)709 |
| | 47388 | 5144 y(a)32 b(total)f(of)h(6{7,)g(8{10,)g(11{15,)f(16{25)h(or)g(ab)s(o) |
| | 47389 | m(v)m(e)h(25)f(partons,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)709 |
| | 47390 | 5252 y(In)33 b(addition,)d Fq(MSTU\(3\)=1)35 b Fw(and)709 |
| | 47391 | 5360 y Fq(K\(N+1,1\))53 b(=)33 b Fw(32;)709 5469 y Fq(K\(N+1,2\))53 |
| | 47392 | b(=)33 b Fw(99;)709 5577 y Fq(K\(N+1,5\))53 b(=)33 b |
| | 47393 | Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(analyzed.)1817 |
| | 47394 | 5953 y(305)p eop |
| | 47395 | %%Page: 306 312 |
| | 47396 | 306 311 bop 236 -18 a Fq(=)52 b(20)g(:)165 b Fw(statistics)32 |
| | 47397 | b(on)g(particle)f(con)m(ten)m(t)j(is)e(reset.)236 90 |
| | 47398 | y Fq(=)52 b(21)g(:)165 b Fw(the)48 b(particle/parton)e(con)m(ten)m(t)j |
| | 47399 | (of)f(the)g(curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(is)d(analyzed,)52 |
| | 47400 | b(also)47 b(for)709 198 y(particles)30 b(whic)m(h)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g |
| | 47401 | (subsequen)m(tly)i(deca)m(y)m(ed)g(and)d(partons)g(whic)m(h)h(ha)m(v)m |
| | 47402 | (e)h(frag-)709 307 y(men)m(ted)43 b(\(unless)h(this)f(has)h(b)s(een)f |
| | 47403 | (made)g(imp)s(ossible)e(b)m(y)j(a)f(preceding)i Fq(LUEDIT)709 |
| | 47404 | 415 y Fw(call\).)86 b(P)m(articles)47 b(are)h(sub)s(divided)f(in)m(to)g |
| | 47405 | (primary)f(and)i(secondary)h(ones,)j(the)709 523 y(main)40 |
| | 47406 | b(principle)h(b)s(eing)h(that)g(primary)f(particles)g(are)h(those)h |
| | 47407 | (pro)s(duced)h(in)d(the)709 632 y(fragmen)m(tation)26 |
| | 47408 | b(of)h(a)g(string,)i(while)d(secondary)k(come)d(from)g(deca)m(y)i(of)e |
| | 47409 | (other)h(par-)709 740 y(ticles.)42 b(Since)31 b(particles)f(\(top,)i |
| | 47410 | (sa)m(y\),)g(ma)m(y)f(deca)m(y)i(in)m(to)d(partons,)i(the)f |
| | 47411 | (distinction)709 848 y(is)h(not)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(unique.)236 |
| | 47412 | 957 y Fq(=)52 b(22)g(:)165 b Fw(giv)m(es)33 b(a)f(table)g(of)g |
| | 47413 | (particle)f(con)m(ten)m(t)j(in)e(ev)m(en)m(ts.)236 1065 |
| | 47414 | y Fq(=)52 b(23)g(:)165 b Fw(stores)28 b(particle)f(con)m(ten)m(t)i(in)e |
| | 47415 | (ev)m(en)m(ts)k(in)c Fq(/LUJETS/)p Fw(,)k(using)c(the)i(follo)m(wing)c |
| | 47416 | (format:)709 1173 y Fq(N)51 b(=)33 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f |
| | 47417 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(particle)e(sp)s(ecies)j(found;)709 |
| | 47418 | 1282 y Fq(K\(I,1\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(32;)709 1390 y Fq(K\(I,2\))53 |
| | 47419 | b(=)32 b Fw(99;)709 1498 y Fq(K\(I,3\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(particle)g(KF)g |
| | 47420 | (co)s(de;)709 1607 y Fq(K\(I,5\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(total)f(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 47421 | (er)i(of)f(particles)g(and)h(an)m(tiparticles)e(of)h(this)g(sp)s |
| | 47422 | (ecies;)709 1715 y Fq(P\(I,1\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(a)m(v)m(erage)i(n)m(um)m |
| | 47423 | (b)s(er)f(of)f(primary)f(particles)h(p)s(er)h(ev)m(en)m(t;)709 |
| | 47424 | 1823 y Fq(P\(I,2\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(a)m(v)m(erage)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of) |
| | 47425 | f(secondary)i(particles)e(p)s(er)g(ev)m(en)m(t;)709 1932 |
| | 47426 | y Fq(P\(I,3\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(a)m(v)m(erage)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)f |
| | 47427 | (primary)f(an)m(tiparticles)g(p)s(er)i(ev)m(en)m(t;)709 |
| | 47428 | 2040 y Fq(P\(I,4\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(a)m(v)m(erage)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of) |
| | 47429 | f(secondary)i(an)m(tiparticles)d(p)s(er)i(ev)m(en)m(t;)709 |
| | 47430 | 2148 y Fq(P\(I,5\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(a)m(v)m(erage)i(total)d(n)m(um)m(b)s |
| | 47431 | (er)i(of)f(particles)g(or)g(an)m(tiparticles)f(p)s(er)i(ev)m(en)m(t.) |
| | 47432 | 709 2257 y(In)g(addition,)d Fq(MSTU\(3\)=1)35 b Fw(and)709 |
| | 47433 | 2365 y Fq(K\(N+1,1\))53 b(=)33 b Fw(32;)709 2473 y Fq(K\(N+1,2\))53 |
| | 47434 | b(=)33 b Fw(99;)709 2582 y Fq(K\(N+1,5\))53 b(=)33 b |
| | 47435 | Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(analyzed;)709 |
| | 47436 | 2690 y Fq(P\(N+1,1\))53 b(=)33 b Fw(a)m(v)m(erage)g(primary)f(m)m |
| | 47437 | (ultiplicit)m(y)d(p)s(er)j(ev)m(en)m(t;)709 2798 y Fq(P\(N+1,2\))53 |
| | 47438 | b(=)33 b Fw(a)m(v)m(erage)g(\014nal)f(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)d(p)s(er)k(ev) |
| | 47439 | m(en)m(t;)709 2907 y Fq(P\(N+1,3\))53 b(=)33 b Fw(a)m(v)m(erage)g(c)m |
| | 47440 | (harged)h(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)29 b(p)s(er)j(ev)m(en)m(t.)236 |
| | 47441 | 3015 y Fq(=)52 b(30)g(:)165 b Fw(statistics)32 b(on)g(factorial)e |
| | 47442 | (momen)m(ts)i(is)h(reset.)236 3123 y Fq(=)52 b(31)g(:)165 |
| | 47443 | b Fw(analyzes)24 b(the)f(factorial)e(momen)m(ts)i(of)g(the)h(m)m |
| | 47444 | (ultiplicit)m(y)c(distribution)i(in)g(di\013eren)m(t)709 |
| | 47445 | 3232 y(bins)37 b(of)g(rapidit)m(y)g(and)h(azim)m(uth.)58 |
| | 47446 | b(Whic)m(h)38 b(particles)f(\(or)g(partons\))h(are)f(used)i(in)709 |
| | 47447 | 3340 y(the)27 b(analysis)g(is)g(determined)g(b)m(y)i(the)e |
| | 47448 | Fq(MSTU\(41\))j Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)41 b(The)28 b(selection)f(b)s(et)m(w)m |
| | 47449 | (een)709 3448 y(usage)43 b(of)f(true)h(rapidit)m(y)-8 |
| | 47450 | b(,)45 b(pion)d(rapidit)m(y)f(or)i(pseudorapidit)m(y)g(is)f(regulated)h |
| | 47451 | (b)m(y)709 3557 y Fq(MSTU\(42\))p Fw(.)h(The)31 b Fj(z)j |
| | 47452 | Fw(axis)29 b(is)g(assumed)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(axis;)f(if)f |
| | 47453 | (this)g(is)g(not)g(desirable)709 3665 y(\014nd)46 b(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i |
| | 47454 | (axis)e(e.g.)84 b(with)46 b Fq(LUSPHE)h Fw(or)f Fq(LUTHRU)i |
| | 47455 | Fw(and)e(use)h Fq(LUEDIT\(31\))p Fw(.)709 3774 y(Maxim)m(um)29 |
| | 47456 | b(\(pion-,)i(pseudo-\))g(rapidit)m(y)-8 b(,)31 b(whic)m(h)g(sets)h(the) |
| | 47457 | g(limit)27 b(for)k(the)h(rapidit)m(y)709 3882 y(plateau)g(or)g(the)h |
| | 47458 | (exp)s(erimen)m(tal)e(acceptance,)k(is)d(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)j |
| | 47459 | Fq(PARU\(57\))p Fw(.)236 3990 y Fq(=)52 b(32)g(:)165 |
| | 47460 | b Fw(prin)m(ts)29 b(a)h(table)f(of)g(the)h(\014rst)g(four)g(factorial)d |
| | 47461 | (momen)m(ts)i(for)g(v)-5 b(arious)29 b(bins)h(of)f(pseu-)709 |
| | 47462 | 4099 y(dorapidit)m(y)34 b(and)h(azim)m(uth.)51 b(The)36 |
| | 47463 | b(momen)m(ts)f(are)g(prop)s(erly)g(normalized)e(so)j(that)709 |
| | 47464 | 4207 y(they)f(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)h(unit)m(y)g(\(up)f(to)h(statistical)d |
| | 47465 | (\015uctuations\))i(for)g(uniform)f(and)i(un-)709 4315 |
| | 47466 | y(correlated)d(particle)f(pro)s(duction)h(according)g(to)g(P)m |
| | 47467 | (oissonian)g(statistics,)g(but)h(in-)709 4424 y(creasing)i(for)f |
| | 47468 | (decreasing)i(bin)f(size)g(in)f(case)i(of)f(`in)m(termitten)m(t')f(b)s |
| | 47469 | (eha)m(viour.)52 b(The)709 4532 y(error)34 b(on)h(the)h(a)m(v)m(erage)f |
| | 47470 | (v)-5 b(alue)35 b(is)f(based)i(on)f(the)g(actual)f(statistical)f |
| | 47471 | (sample)h(\(i.e.)709 4640 y(do)s(es)g(not)f(use)i(an)m(y)f(assumptions) |
| | 47472 | g(on)f(the)i(distribution)c(to)j(relate)f(errors)h(to)f(the)709 |
| | 47473 | 4749 y(a)m(v)m(erage)h(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(of)g(higher)g(momen)m(ts\).)46 |
| | 47474 | b(Note)34 b(that)f(for)g(small)e(bin)i(sizes,)h(where)709 |
| | 47475 | 4857 y(the)c(a)m(v)m(erage)g(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)c(is)j(small)e(and)j |
| | 47476 | (the)g(factorial)d(momen)m(t)i(therefore)h(only)709 4965 |
| | 47477 | y(v)m(ery)d(rarely)e(is)g(non-v)-5 b(anishing,)25 b(momen)m(t)g(v)-5 |
| | 47478 | b(alues)26 b(ma)m(y)f(\015uctuate)h(wildly)e(and)i(the)709 |
| | 47479 | 5074 y(errors)33 b(giv)m(en)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(to)s(o)g(lo)m(w.)236 |
| | 47480 | 5182 y Fq(=)52 b(33)g(:)165 b Fw(stores)33 b(the)g(factorial)d(momen)m |
| | 47481 | (ts)i(in)g Fq(/LUJETS/)p Fw(,)j(using)d(the)h(format:)709 |
| | 47482 | 5290 y Fq(N)51 b(=)23 b Fw(30,)h(with)e Fq(I)51 b(=)h |
| | 47483 | Fj(i)28 b Fw(=)g(1{10)21 b(corresp)s(onding)h(to)g(results)h(for)f |
| | 47484 | (slicing)f(the)i(rapidit)m(y)709 5399 y(range)39 b(in)g(2)1151 |
| | 47485 | 5363 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(1)1308 5399 y Fw(bins,)i Fq(I)52 |
| | 47486 | b(=)f Fj(i)40 b Fw(=)f(11{20)f(to)h(slicing)f(the)i(azim)m(uth)e(in)h |
| | 47487 | (2)3386 5363 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(11)3578 5399 y Fw(bins,)709 |
| | 47488 | 5507 y(and)g Fq(I)51 b(=)h Fj(i)39 b Fw(=)g(21{30)f(to)g(slicing)g(b)s |
| | 47489 | (oth)g(rapidit)m(y)h(and)g(azim)m(uth,)h(eac)m(h)g(in)e(2)3626 |
| | 47490 | 5471 y Fh(i)p Fk(\000)p Fl(21)709 5615 y Fw(bins;)1817 |
| | 47491 | 5953 y(306)p eop |
| | 47492 | %%Page: 307 313 |
| | 47493 | 307 312 bop 709 -18 a Fq(K\(I,1\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(32;)709 |
| | 47494 | 90 y Fq(K\(I,2\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(99;)709 198 y Fq(K\(I,3\))53 |
| | 47495 | b(=)32 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(bins)h(in)f(rapidit)m(y;)709 |
| | 47496 | 307 y Fq(K\(I,4\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(bins)h(in)f |
| | 47497 | (azim)m(uth;)709 415 y Fq(P\(I,1\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(rapidit)m(y)g(bin)g |
| | 47498 | (size;)709 523 y Fq(P\(I,2\))53 b(-)e(P\(I,5\))i(=)41 |
| | 47499 | b Fn(h)p Fj(F)1723 538 y Fl(2)1763 523 y Fn(i)p Fw({)p |
| | 47500 | Fn(h)p Fj(F)1953 538 y Fl(5)1992 523 y Fn(i)p Fw(,)i(i.e.)69 |
| | 47501 | b(mean)41 b(of)g(second,)j(third,)f(fourth)e(and)709 |
| | 47502 | 632 y(\014fth)32 b(factorial)e(momen)m(t;)709 740 y Fq(V\(I,1\))53 |
| | 47503 | b(=)32 b Fw(azim)m(uthal)f(bin)h(size;)709 848 y Fq(V\(I,2\))53 |
| | 47504 | b(-)e(V\(I,5\))i(=)33 b Fw(statistical)d(errors)j(on)g |
| | 47505 | Fn(h)p Fj(F)2573 863 y Fl(2)2612 848 y Fn(i)p Fw({)p |
| | 47506 | Fn(h)p Fj(F)2802 863 y Fl(5)2841 848 y Fn(i)p Fw(.)709 |
| | 47507 | 957 y(In)g(addition,)d Fq(MSTU\(3\))54 b(=)32 b Fw(1)h(and)709 |
| | 47508 | 1065 y Fq(K\(31,1\))53 b(=)33 b Fw(32;)709 1173 y Fq(K\(31,2\))53 |
| | 47509 | b(=)33 b Fw(99;)709 1282 y Fq(K\(31,5\))53 b(=)33 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er) |
| | 47510 | g(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(analyzed.)236 1390 y Fq(=)52 b(40)g(:)165 |
| | 47511 | b Fw(statistics)32 b(on)g(energy{energy)j(correlation)30 |
| | 47512 | b(is)j(reset.)236 1498 y Fq(=)52 b(41)g(:)165 b Fw(the)51 |
| | 47513 | b(energy{energy)j(correlation)49 b(EEC)j(of)f(the)h(curren)m(t)g(ev)m |
| | 47514 | (en)m(t)h(is)e(analyzed.)709 1607 y(Whic)m(h)40 b(particles)f(\(or)g |
| | 47515 | (partons\))h(are)g(used)h(in)d(the)j(analysis)e(is)g(determined)h(b)m |
| | 47516 | (y)709 1715 y(the)32 b Fq(MSTU\(41\))i Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)43 |
| | 47517 | b(Ev)m(en)m(ts)34 b(are)e(assumed)h(giv)m(en)f(in)f(their)g(c.m.)43 |
| | 47518 | b(frame.)g(The)709 1823 y(w)m(eigh)m(t)d(assigned)g(to)f(a)g(pair)g |
| | 47519 | Fj(i)g Fw(and)h Fj(j)46 b Fw(is)39 b(2)p Fj(E)2421 1838 |
| | 47520 | y Fh(i)2449 1823 y Fj(E)2521 1838 y Fh(j)2558 1823 y |
| | 47521 | Fj(=E)2685 1787 y Fl(2)2679 1848 y(vis)2768 1823 y Fw(,)i(where)g |
| | 47522 | Fj(E)3197 1838 y Fl(vis)3325 1823 y Fw(is)f(the)g(sum)709 |
| | 47523 | 1932 y(of)45 b(energies)h(of)f(all)e(analyzed)j(particles)f(in)f(the)i |
| | 47524 | (ev)m(en)m(t.)85 b(Energies)46 b(are)f(deter-)709 2040 |
| | 47525 | y(mined)36 b(from)h(the)h(momen)m(ta)f(of)g(particles,)h(with)g(mass)f |
| | 47526 | (determined)h(according)709 2148 y(to)g(the)i Fq(MSTU\(42\))h |
| | 47527 | Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)62 b(Statistics)38 b(is)h(accum)m(ulated)f(for)h(the)g |
| | 47528 | (relativ)m(e)f(angle)709 2257 y Fj(\022)754 2272 y Fh(ij)815 |
| | 47529 | 2257 y Fw(,)32 b(ranging)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(0)e(and)h(180)f(degrees,) |
| | 47530 | i(sub)s(divided)f(in)m(to)f(50)g(bins.)236 2365 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 47531 | b(42)g(:)165 b Fw(prin)m(ts)35 b(a)g(table)f(of)h(the)h(energy{energy)h |
| | 47532 | (correlation)c(EEC)k(and)e(its)f(asymmetry)709 2473 y(EECA)q(,)42 |
| | 47533 | b(with)d(errors.)66 b(The)41 b(de\014nition)e(of)g(errors)h(is)g(not)f |
| | 47534 | (unique.)66 b(In)40 b(our)g(ap-)709 2582 y(proac)m(h)33 |
| | 47535 | b(eac)m(h)i(ev)m(en)m(t)g(is)e(view)m(ed)h(as)f(one)h(observ)-5 |
| | 47536 | b(ation,)33 b(i.e.)45 b(an)33 b(EEC)i(and)e(EECA)709 |
| | 47537 | 2690 y(distribution)i(is)i(obtained)g(b)m(y)h(summing)e(o)m(v)m(er)i |
| | 47538 | (all)d(particle)i(pairs)f(of)h(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t,)709 |
| | 47539 | 2798 y(and)24 b(then)i(the)f(a)m(v)m(erage)g(and)g(spread)g(of)f(this)g |
| | 47540 | (ev)m(en)m(t-distribution)h(is)f(calculated)f(in)709 |
| | 47541 | 2907 y(the)h(standard)g(fashion.)40 b(The)24 b(quoted)h(error)e(is)g |
| | 47542 | (therefore)i(in)m(v)m(ersely)f(prop)s(ortional)709 3015 |
| | 47543 | y(to)34 b(the)h(square)h(ro)s(ot)e(of)h(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g |
| | 47544 | (ev)m(en)m(ts.)52 b(It)35 b(could)f(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)e(p)s(ossible) |
| | 47545 | 709 3123 y(to)k(view)i(eac)m(h)f(single)f(particle)g(pair)g(as)h(one)g |
| | 47546 | (observ)-5 b(ation,)42 b(whic)m(h)e(w)m(ould)g(ha)m(v)m(e)709 |
| | 47547 | 3232 y(giv)m(en)34 b(somewhat)f(lo)m(w)m(er)h(errors,)h(but)f(then)g |
| | 47548 | (one)g(w)m(ould)g(also)f(b)s(e)h(forced)g(to)f(do)h(a)709 |
| | 47549 | 3340 y(complicated)25 b(correction)i(pro)s(cedure)g(to)g(accoun)m(t)h |
| | 47550 | (for)e(the)h(pairs)g(in)f(an)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(not)709 |
| | 47551 | 3448 y(b)s(eing)40 b(uncorrelated)g(\(t)m(w)m(o)i(hard)e(jets)i |
| | 47552 | (separated)f(b)m(y)h(a)e(giv)m(en)h(angle)f(t)m(ypically)709 |
| | 47553 | 3557 y(corresp)s(onds)g(to)e(sev)m(eral)h(pairs)f(at)g(ab)s(out)g(that) |
| | 47554 | g(angle\).)61 b(Note,)40 b(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(that)709 |
| | 47555 | 3665 y(in)35 b(our)i(approac)m(h)g(the)f(squared)i(error)f(on)f(an)g |
| | 47556 | (EECA)i(bin)e(is)g(smaller)f(than)h(the)709 3774 y(sum)j(of)g(the)h |
| | 47557 | (squares)h(of)e(the)h(errors)f(on)h(the)g(corresp)s(onding)f(EEC)i |
| | 47558 | (bins)e(\(as)g(it)709 3882 y(should)29 b(b)s(e\).)43 |
| | 47559 | b(Also)29 b(note)g(that)h(it)e(is)h(not)h(p)s(ossible)f(to)g(com)m |
| | 47560 | (bine)g(the)h(errors)g(of)f(t)m(w)m(o)709 3990 y(nearb)m(y)39 |
| | 47561 | b(bins)f(b)m(y)h(hand)f(from)f(the)h(information)d(giv)m(en,)40 |
| | 47562 | b(since)e(nearb)m(y)i(bins)d(are)709 4099 y(correlated)32 |
| | 47563 | b(\(again)f(a)h(trivial)e(consequence)36 b(of)c(the)h(presence)i(of)d |
| | 47564 | (jets\).)236 4207 y Fq(=)52 b(43)g(:)165 b Fw(stores)33 |
| | 47565 | b(the)g(EEC)h(and)f(EECA)g(in)f Fq(/LUJETS/)p Fw(,)j(using)d(the)h |
| | 47566 | (format:)709 4315 y Fq(N)51 b(=)33 b Fw(25;)709 4424 |
| | 47567 | y Fq(K\(I,1\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(32;)709 4532 y Fq(K\(I,2\))53 |
| | 47568 | b(=)32 b Fw(99;)709 4640 y Fq(P\(I,1\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(EEC)i(for)e |
| | 47569 | (angles)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j Fq(I-1)e Fw(and)g Fq(I)p |
| | 47570 | Fw(,)g(in)f(units)g(of)g(3)p Fj(:)p Fw(6)3287 4604 y |
| | 47571 | Fk(\016)3326 4640 y Fw(;)709 4749 y Fq(P\(I,2\))53 b(=)32 |
| | 47572 | b Fw(EEC)i(for)e(angles)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j Fq(50-I)e |
| | 47573 | Fw(and)g Fq(51-I)p Fw(,)h(in)e(units)g(of)g(3)p Fj(:)p |
| | 47574 | Fw(6)3492 4712 y Fk(\016)3531 4749 y Fw(;)709 4857 y |
| | 47575 | Fq(P\(I,3\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(EECA)i(for)e(angles)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j |
| | 47576 | Fq(I-1)e Fw(and)g Fq(I)p Fw(,)g(in)f(units)g(of)g(3)p |
| | 47577 | Fj(:)p Fw(6)3360 4821 y Fk(\016)3399 4857 y Fw(;)709 |
| | 47578 | 4965 y Fq(P\(I,4\),)53 b(P\(I,5\))g(:)46 b Fw(lo)m(w)m(er)34 |
| | 47579 | b(and)g(upp)s(er)g(edge)h(of)e(angular)g(range)g(of)h(bin)f |
| | 47580 | Fq(I)p Fw(,)h(ex-)709 5074 y(pressed)g(in)e(radians;)709 |
| | 47581 | 5182 y Fq(V\(I,1\))53 b(-)e(V\(I,3\))i(:)79 b Fw(errors)50 |
| | 47582 | b(on)h(the)f(EEC)h(and)g(EECA)g(v)-5 b(alues)50 b(stored)h(in)709 |
| | 47583 | 5290 y Fq(P\(I,1\))i(-)e(P\(I,3\))34 b Fw(\(see)g Fq(=42)f |
| | 47584 | Fw(for)f(commen)m(ts\);)709 5399 y Fq(V\(I,4\),)53 b(V\(I,5\))g(:)46 |
| | 47585 | b Fw(lo)m(w)m(er)34 b(and)g(upp)s(er)g(edge)h(of)e(angular)g(range)g |
| | 47586 | (of)h(bin)f Fq(I)p Fw(,)h(ex-)709 5507 y(pressed)g(in)e(degrees.)709 |
| | 47587 | 5615 y(In)h(addition,)82 b Fq(MSTU\(3\)=1)35 b Fw(and)1817 |
| | 47588 | 5953 y(307)p eop |
| | 47589 | %%Page: 308 314 |
| | 47590 | 308 313 bop 709 -18 a Fq(K\(26,1\))53 b(=)33 b Fw(32;)709 |
| | 47591 | 90 y Fq(K\(26,2\))53 b(=)33 b Fw(99;)709 198 y Fq(K\(26,5\))53 |
| | 47592 | b(=)33 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(analyzed.)236 |
| | 47593 | 307 y Fq(=)52 b(50)g(:)165 b Fw(statistics)32 b(on)g(complete)g |
| | 47594 | (\014nal)g(states)h(is)f(reset.)236 415 y Fq(=)52 b(51)g(:)165 |
| | 47595 | b Fw(analyzes)25 b(the)h(particle)e(con)m(ten)m(t)j(of)e(the)g(\014nal) |
| | 47596 | g(state)h(of)e(the)i(curren)m(t)h(ev)m(en)m(t)g(record.)709 |
| | 47597 | 523 y(During)g(the)h(course)i(of)e(the)g(run,)i(statistics)e(is)g(th)m |
| | 47598 | (us)h(accum)m(ulated)f(on)g(ho)m(w)h(often)709 632 y(di\013eren)m(t)k |
| | 47599 | (\014nal)g(states)h(app)s(ear.)46 b(Only)33 b(\014nal)g(states)h(with)f |
| | 47600 | (up)h(to)f(8)g(particles)f(are)709 740 y(analyzed,)42 |
| | 47601 | b(and)e(there)h(is)e(only)h(reserv)m(ed)i(space)f(for)f(up)g(to)g(200)f |
| | 47602 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(\014nal)709 848 y(states.)64 b(Most)39 |
| | 47603 | b(high)g(energy)h(ev)m(en)m(ts)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(m)m(ultiplicities)35 |
| | 47604 | b(far)j(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(8,)h(so)e(the)709 957 y(main)30 |
| | 47605 | b(use)k(for)e(this)g(to)s(ol)e(is)i(to)g(study)i(the)f(e\013ectiv)m(e)g |
| | 47606 | (branc)m(hing)g(ratios)e(obtained)709 1065 y(with)47 |
| | 47607 | b(a)g(giv)m(en)h(deca)m(y)h(mo)s(del)d(for)h(e.g.)89 |
| | 47608 | b(c)m(harm)47 b(or)g(b)s(ottom)f(hadrons.)89 b(Then)709 |
| | 47609 | 1173 y Fq(LU1ENT)34 b Fw(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)h(used)h(to)e(generate)i(one)f |
| | 47610 | (deca)m(ying)g(particle)e(at)i(a)f(time,)f(with)i(a)709 |
| | 47611 | 1282 y(subsequen)m(t)h(analysis)d(b)m(y)j Fq(LUTABU)p |
| | 47612 | Fw(.)g(Dep)s(ending)d(on)g(at)h(what)g(lev)m(el)f(this)g(studied)709 |
| | 47613 | 1390 y(is)h(to)g(b)s(e)h(carried)f(out,)g(some)h(particle)e(deca)m(ys)k |
| | 47614 | (ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)h(switc)m(hed)h(o\013,)e(lik)m(e)g Fj(\031)3637 |
| | 47615 | 1354 y Fl(0)3676 1390 y Fw(.)236 1498 y Fq(=)52 b(52)g(:)165 |
| | 47616 | b Fw(giv)m(es)39 b(a)g(list)f(of)g(the)i(\(at)f(most)f(200\))h(c)m |
| | 47617 | (hannels)h(with)e(up)i(to)f(8)f(particles)h(in)f(the)709 |
| | 47618 | 1607 y(\014nal)28 b(state,)j(with)e(their)g(relativ)m(e)g(branc)m(hing) |
| | 47619 | h(ratio.)41 b(The)30 b(ordering)f(is)g(according)709 |
| | 47620 | 1715 y(to)39 b(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)-8 b(,)38 b(and)i(within)f(eac)m(h)i |
| | 47621 | (m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)36 b(according)k(to)f(an)h(ascending)709 |
| | 47622 | 1823 y(order)c(of)h(KF)f(co)s(des.)56 b(The)38 b(KF)e(co)s(des)i(of)e |
| | 47623 | (the)h(particles)f(b)s(elonging)f(to)h(a)g(giv)m(en)709 |
| | 47624 | 1932 y(c)m(hannel)d(are)f(giv)m(en)h(in)f(descending)h(order.)236 |
| | 47625 | 2040 y Fq(=)52 b(53)g(:)165 b Fw(stores)30 b(the)g(\014nal)f(states)i |
| | 47626 | (and)f(branc)m(hing)g(ratios)e(found)i(in)f Fq(/LUJETS/)p |
| | 47627 | Fw(,)k(using)c(the)709 2148 y(format:)709 2257 y Fq(N)51 |
| | 47628 | b(=)33 b Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(di\013eren)m(t)h(explicit)e(\014nal) |
| | 47629 | h(states)h(found)g(\(at)f(most)g(200\);)709 2365 y Fq(K\(I,1\))53 |
| | 47630 | b(=)32 b Fw(32;)709 2473 y Fq(K\(I,2\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(99;)709 |
| | 47631 | 2582 y Fq(K\(I,5\))53 b(=)32 b Fw(m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)d(of)j(giv)m(en)h |
| | 47632 | (\014nal)f(state,)h(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(1)d(and)h |
| | 47633 | (8;)709 2690 y Fq(P\(I,1\))53 b(-)e(P\(I,5\),)i(V\(I,1\))g(-)f |
| | 47634 | (V\(I,3\))g(:)65 b Fw(the)43 b(KF)f(co)s(des)i(of)f(the)g(up)g(to)g(8) |
| | 47635 | 709 2798 y(particles)28 b(of)g(the)i(giv)m(en)f(\014nal)f(state,)i(con) |
| | 47636 | m(v)m(erted)h(to)d(real)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers,)j(with)e(trailing)709 |
| | 47637 | 2907 y(zero)s(es)k(for)f(p)s(ositions)f(not)i(used;)709 |
| | 47638 | 3015 y Fq(V\(I,5\))53 b(:)43 b Fw(e\013ectiv)m(e)34 b(branc)m(hing)e |
| | 47639 | (ratio)f(for)h(the)h(giv)m(en)g(\014nal)f(state.)709 |
| | 47640 | 3123 y(In)h(addition,)d Fq(MSTU\(3\)=1)35 b Fw(and)709 |
| | 47641 | 3232 y Fq(K\(N+1,1\))53 b(=)33 b Fw(32;)709 3340 y Fq(K\(N+1,2\))53 |
| | 47642 | b(=)33 b Fw(99;)709 3448 y Fq(K\(N+1,5\))53 b(=)33 b |
| | 47643 | Fw(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(analyzed;)709 |
| | 47644 | 3557 y Fq(V\(N+1,5\))53 b(=)41 b Fw(summed)g(branc)m(hing)f(ratio)g |
| | 47645 | (for)g(\014nals)g(states)i(not)f(giv)m(en)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)709 |
| | 47646 | 3665 y(either)d(b)s(ecause)i(they)g(con)m(tained)e(more)g(than)h(8)f |
| | 47647 | (particles)g(or)h(b)s(ecause)h(all)c(200)709 3774 y(c)m(hannels)d(ha)m |
| | 47648 | (v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(used)h(up.)p 0 3918 2876 9 v 0 4143 |
| | 47649 | 9 225 v 79 4058 a Fq(COMMON/LUDAT1/MSTU\(200\),)q(PARU)q(\(200)q(\),MS) |
| | 47650 | q(TJ\()q(200\))q(,PAR)q(J\(20)q(0\))p 2867 4143 V 0 4151 |
| | 47651 | 2876 9 v 0 4283 a Fo(Purp)s(ose:)48 b Fw(to)31 b(giv)m(e)h(access)i(to) |
| | 47652 | d(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(status)i(co)s(des)g(and)f(parameters)f |
| | 47653 | (whic)m(h)i(regulate)e(the)472 4391 y(p)s(erformance)k(of)42 |
| | 47654 | b Fm(Jetset)p Fw(.)50 b(Most)36 b(parameters)f(are)g(describ)s(ed)h(in) |
| | 47655 | e(section)i(14.4;)g(here)472 4499 y(only)d(those)g(related)f(to)g(the)h |
| | 47656 | (ev)m(en)m(t-analysis)g(routines)g(are)g(describ)s(ed.)0 |
| | 47657 | 4662 y Fq(MSTU\(41\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))25 b(partons/particles)g |
| | 47658 | (used)i(in)e(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t-analysis)f(routines)g |
| | 47659 | Fq(LUSPHE)p Fw(,)i Fq(LUTHRU)p Fw(,)472 4770 y Fq(LUCLUS)p |
| | 47660 | Fw(,)35 b Fq(LUCELL)p Fw(,)f Fq(LUJMAS)p Fw(,)g Fq(LUFOWO)g |
| | 47661 | Fw(and)f Fq(LUTABU)h Fw(\()p Fq(LUTABU\(11\))h Fw(excepted\).)236 |
| | 47662 | 4878 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(all)30 b(partons/particles)i(that)g(ha) |
| | 47663 | m(v)m(e)i(not)f(fragmen)m(ted/deca)m(y)m(ed.)236 4987 |
| | 47664 | y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(ditto,)31 b(with)h(the)h(exception)h(of)e |
| | 47665 | (neutrinos)g(and)h(unkno)m(wn)h(particles.)236 5095 y |
| | 47666 | Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(only)32 b(c)m(harged,)h(stable)g(particles,)e |
| | 47667 | (plus)i(an)m(y)g(partons)g(still)d(not)j(fragmen)m(ted.)0 |
| | 47668 | 5203 y Fq(MSTU\(42\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))31 b(assumed)j(particle)d |
| | 47669 | (masses,)i(used)h(in)d(calculating)g(energies)h Fj(E)3235 |
| | 47670 | 5167 y Fl(2)3303 5203 y Fw(=)27 b Fo(p)3468 5167 y Fl(2)3530 |
| | 47671 | 5203 y Fw(+)22 b Fj(m)3713 5167 y Fl(2)3752 5203 y Fw(,)472 |
| | 47672 | 5312 y(as)45 b(subsequen)m(tly)h(used)g(in)d Fq(LUCLUS)p |
| | 47673 | Fw(,)j Fq(LUJMAS)f Fw(and)f Fq(LUTABU)i Fw(\(in)d(the)i(latter)e(also)g |
| | 47674 | (for)472 5420 y(pseudorapidit)m(y)-8 b(,)33 b(pion)f(rapidit)m(y)f(or)i |
| | 47675 | (true)g(rapidit)m(y)e(selection\).)236 5528 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 47676 | b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(all)30 b(particles)i(are)g(assumed)i(massless.)236 |
| | 47677 | 5637 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(all)37 b(particles,)j(except)g(the)g |
| | 47678 | (photon,)h(are)e(assumed)h(to)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(the)e(c)m(harged)h(pion) |
| | 47679 | 1817 5953 y(308)p eop |
| | 47680 | %%Page: 309 315 |
| | 47681 | 309 314 bop 709 -18 a Fw(mass.)236 90 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 47682 | b Fw(the)33 b(true)g(masses)g(are)g(used.)0 198 y Fq(MSTU\(43\))53 |
| | 47683 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))41 b(storing)h(of)g(ev)m(en)m(t-analysis)h |
| | 47684 | (information)c(\(mainly)h(jet)i(axes\),)k(in)c Fq(LUSPHE)p |
| | 47685 | Fw(,)472 307 y Fq(LUTHRU)p Fw(,)35 b Fq(LUCLUS)f Fw(and)e |
| | 47686 | Fq(LUCELL)p Fw(.)236 415 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(stored)24 |
| | 47687 | b(after)f(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(prop)s(er,)f(in)e(p)s(ositions)f |
| | 47688 | Fq(N+1)j Fw(through)e Fq(N+MSTU\(3\))p Fw(.)43 b(If)24 |
| | 47689 | b(sev-)709 523 y(eral)31 b(of)h(the)g(routines)g(are)g(used)i(in)d |
| | 47690 | (succession,)j(all)c(but)i(the)h(latest)f(information)709 |
| | 47691 | 632 y(is)g(o)m(v)m(erwritten.)236 740 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 |
| | 47692 | b Fw(stored)34 b(with)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(prop)s(er,)e(i.e.)47 |
| | 47693 | b(at)34 b(the)g(end)g(of)g(the)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i(listing,)c(with)h |
| | 47694 | Fq(N)709 848 y Fw(up)s(dated)e(accordingly)-8 b(.)41 |
| | 47695 | b(If)31 b(sev)m(eral)g(of)f(the)h(routines)f(are)h(used)g(in)f |
| | 47696 | (succession,)j(all)709 957 y(the)g(axes)g(determined)g(are)f(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 47697 | b(ailable.)0 1065 y Fq(MSTU\(44\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=4\))36 |
| | 47698 | b(is)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)f(the)h(fastest)h(\(i.e.)55 |
| | 47699 | b(with)36 b(largest)g(momen)m(tum\))f(particles)472 1173 |
| | 47700 | y(used)g(to)d(construct)j(the)e(\(at)g(most\))f(10)h(most)f(promising)f |
| | 47701 | (starting)h(con\014gurations)h(for)472 1282 y(the)g(thrust)h(axis)e |
| | 47702 | (determination.)0 1390 y Fq(MSTU\(45\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2\))34 |
| | 47703 | b(is)h(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(starting)g |
| | 47704 | (con\014gurations)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)h(whic)m(h)g(ha)m(v)m(e)472 |
| | 47705 | 1498 y(to)45 b(con)m(v)m(erge)h(to)f(the)g(same)g(\(b)s(est\))g(v)-5 |
| | 47706 | b(alue)44 b(b)s(efore)h(this)f(is)h(accepted)h(as)f(the)g(correct)472 |
| | 47707 | 1607 y(thrust)34 b(axis.)0 1715 y Fq(MSTU\(46\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 47708 | b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(distance)i(measure)g(used)h(for)e(the)h(joining)d(of) |
| | 47709 | j(clusters)g(in)f Fq(LUCLUS)p Fw(.)236 1823 y Fq(=)52 |
| | 47710 | b(1)f(:)217 b Fj(d)760 1838 y Fh(ij)820 1823 y Fw(,)53 |
| | 47711 | b(i.e.)91 b(appro)m(ximately)47 b(relativ)m(e)h(transv)m(erse)j(momen)m |
| | 47712 | (tum.)90 b(An)m(ytime)49 b(t)m(w)m(o)709 1932 y(clusters)d(ha)m(v)m(e)h |
| | 47713 | (b)s(een)g(joined,)i(particles)c(are)g(reassigned)i(to)e(the)h(cluster) |
| | 47714 | h(they)709 2040 y(no)m(w)33 b(are)f(closest)h(to.)44 |
| | 47715 | b(The)33 b(distance)g(cut-o\013)f Fj(d)2479 2055 y Fl(join)2631 |
| | 47716 | 2040 y Fw(is)g(stored)i(in)d Fq(PARU\(44\))p Fw(.)236 |
| | 47717 | 2148 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(distance)29 b(measure)h(as)f(in)f |
| | 47718 | Fq(=1)p Fw(,)j(but)e(particles)f(are)i(nev)m(er)g(reassigned)g(to)f |
| | 47719 | (new)h(jets.)236 2257 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(JADE)33 |
| | 47720 | b(distance)g(measure)h Fj(y)1815 2272 y Fh(ij)1875 2257 |
| | 47721 | y Fw(,)f(but)h(with)e(dimensions)h(to)f(corresp)s(ond)i(appro)m(x-)709 |
| | 47722 | 2365 y(imately)j(to)h(total)g(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)38 |
| | 47723 | b(mass.)63 b(P)m(articles)38 b(ma)m(y)h(nev)m(er)i(b)s(e)e(reassigned)h |
| | 47724 | (b)s(e-)709 2473 y(t)m(w)m(een)34 b(clusters.)44 b(The)34 |
| | 47725 | b(distance)f(cut-o\013)f Fj(m)2348 2488 y Fl(min)2503 |
| | 47726 | 2473 y Fw(is)g(stored)h(in)f Fq(PARU\(44\))p Fw(.)236 |
| | 47727 | 2582 y Fq(=)52 b(4)f(:)217 b Fw(as)24 b Fq(=3)p Fw(,)j(but)d(a)g |
| | 47728 | (scaled)h(JADE)f(distance)h Fj(y)2207 2597 y Fh(ij)2291 |
| | 47729 | 2582 y Fw(is)f(used)h(instead)g(of)e Fj(m)3111 2597 y |
| | 47730 | Fh(ij)3172 2582 y Fw(.)41 b(The)25 b(distance)709 2690 |
| | 47731 | y(cut-o\013)32 b Fj(y)1063 2705 y Fl(min)1217 2690 y |
| | 47732 | Fw(is)g(stored)h(in)f Fq(PARU\(45\))p Fw(.)236 2798 y |
| | 47733 | Fq(=)52 b(5)f(:)217 b Fw(Durham)43 b(distance)h(measure)52 |
| | 47734 | b(~)-56 b Fj(y)1935 2813 y Fh(ij)1995 2798 y Fw(,)47 |
| | 47735 | b(but)e(with)f(dimensions)f(to)h(corresp)s(ond)h(ap-)709 |
| | 47736 | 2907 y(pro)m(ximately)26 b(to)h(transv)m(erse)i(momen)m(tum.)40 |
| | 47737 | b(P)m(articles)27 b(ma)m(y)g(nev)m(er)i(b)s(e)f(reassigned)709 |
| | 47738 | 3015 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)34 b(clusters.)45 b(The)33 b(distance)g |
| | 47739 | (cut-o\013)f Fj(p)2412 3030 y Fk(?)p Fl(min)2621 3015 |
| | 47740 | y Fw(is)g(stored)i(in)d Fq(PARU\(44\))p Fw(.)236 3123 |
| | 47741 | y Fq(=)52 b(6)f(:)217 b Fw(as)43 b Fq(=5)p Fw(,)k(but)d(a)f(scaled)h |
| | 47742 | (Durham)e(distance)50 b(~)-55 b Fj(y)2429 3138 y Fh(ij)2532 |
| | 47743 | 3123 y Fw(is)43 b(used)i(instead)e(of)g Fj(p)3393 3138 |
| | 47744 | y Fk(?)p Fh(ij)3508 3123 y Fw(.)77 b(The)709 3232 y(distance)33 |
| | 47745 | b(cut-o\013)38 b(~)-55 b Fj(y)1443 3247 y Fl(min)1597 |
| | 47746 | 3232 y Fw(is)32 b(stored)h(in)f Fq(PARU\(45\))p Fw(.)0 |
| | 47747 | 3340 y Fq(MSTU\(47\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1\))31 b(the)i(minim)m(um)d(n)m |
| | 47748 | (um)m(b)s(er)j(of)f(clusters)h(to)f(b)s(e)h(reconstructed)i(b)m(y)f |
| | 47749 | Fq(LUCLUS)p Fw(.)0 3448 y Fq(MSTU\(48\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))31 |
| | 47750 | b(mo)s(de)h(of)g(op)s(eration)g(of)g(the)h Fq(LUCLUS)h |
| | 47751 | Fw(routine.)236 3557 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 b Fw(the)33 |
| | 47752 | b(cluster)g(searc)m(h)g(is)g(started)g(from)e(scratc)m(h.)236 |
| | 47753 | 3665 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)26 b(clusters)h(obtained)e(in)h(a)f |
| | 47754 | (previous)i(cluster)f(searc)m(h)i(on)e(the)g(same)g(ev)m(en)m(t)i |
| | 47755 | (\(with)709 3774 y Fq(MSTU\(48\)=0)p Fw(\))k(are)e(to)g(b)s(e)g(tak)m |
| | 47756 | (en)g(as)h(the)f(starting)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(for)g(subsequen)m(t)k |
| | 47757 | (cluster)709 3882 y(joining.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(this)h(call)f(to)h(ha) |
| | 47758 | m(v)m(e)i(an)m(y)f(e\013ect,)h(the)f(joining)d(scale)j(in)e |
| | 47759 | Fq(PARU\(44\))k Fw(or)709 3990 y Fq(PARU\(45\))27 b Fw(m)m(ust)f(ha)m |
| | 47760 | (v)m(e)g(b)s(een)g(c)m(hanged.)43 b(If)25 b(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(record) |
| | 47761 | f(has)g(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed)709 4099 y(after)g(the)h(last)f |
| | 47762 | Fq(LUCLUS)i Fw(call,)e(or)g(if)g(an)m(y)h(other)g(cluster)g(searc)m(h)h |
| | 47763 | (parameter)e(setting)709 4207 y(has)33 b(b)s(een)g(c)m(hanged,)h(the)f |
| | 47764 | (subsequen)m(t)i(result)e(is)f(unpredictable.)0 4315 |
| | 47765 | y Fq(MSTU\(51\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=25\))36 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)g |
| | 47766 | (pseudorapidit)m(y)f(bins)h(that)g(the)g(range)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j |
| | 47767 | Fq(-PARU\(51\))472 4424 y Fw(and)33 b Fq(+PARU\(51\))i |
| | 47768 | Fw(is)d(divided)g(in)m(to)g(to)g(de\014ne)i(cell)e(size)g(for)g |
| | 47769 | Fq(LUCELL)p Fw(.)0 4532 y Fq(MSTU\(52\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=24\))31 |
| | 47770 | b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)i(of)f(azim)m(uthal)f(bins,)h(used)i(to)e(de\014ne)i |
| | 47771 | (the)f(cell)f(size)g(for)g Fq(LUCELL)p Fw(.)0 4640 y |
| | 47772 | Fq(MSTU\(53\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0\))22 b(smearing)h(of)g(correct)h |
| | 47773 | (energy)-8 b(,)27 b(imp)s(osed)22 b(cell-b)m(y-cell)g(in)h |
| | 47774 | Fq(LUCELL)p Fw(,)i(to)e(sim)m(ulate)472 4749 y(calorimeter)31 |
| | 47775 | b(resolution)g(e\013ects.)236 4857 y Fq(=)52 b(0)f(:)217 |
| | 47776 | b Fw(no)32 b(smearing.)236 4965 y Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 |
| | 47777 | b Fw(the)36 b(transv)m(erse)i(energy)e(in)f(a)h(cell,)f |
| | 47778 | Fj(E)2137 4980 y Fk(?)2196 4965 y Fw(,)i(is)e(smeared)h(according)f(to) |
| | 47779 | h(a)f(Gaussian)709 5074 y(distribution)25 b(with)i(standard)g |
| | 47780 | (deviation)f Fq(PARU\(55\))p Fn(\002)2758 4997 y(p)p |
| | 47781 | 2844 4997 132 4 v 2844 5074 a Fj(E)2916 5089 y Fk(?)2975 |
| | 47782 | 5074 y Fw(,)i(where)g Fj(E)3378 5089 y Fk(?)3465 5074 |
| | 47783 | y Fw(is)e(giv)m(en)709 5182 y(in)c(GeV.)h(The)g(Gaussian)f(is)h(cut)g |
| | 47784 | (o\013)f(so)h(that)g(0)k Fj(<)h(E)2594 5197 y Fk(?)p |
| | 47785 | Fl(smeared)2932 5182 y Fj(<)p Fq(PARU\(56\))p Fn(\002)p |
| | 47786 | Fj(E)3565 5197 y Fk(?)p Fl(true)3752 5182 y Fw(.)236 |
| | 47787 | 5290 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(as)34 b Fq(=1)p Fw(,)h(but)f(it)f(is)g |
| | 47788 | (the)i(energy)g Fj(E)40 b Fw(rather)34 b(than)g(the)g(transv)m(erse)i |
| | 47789 | (energy)g Fj(E)3508 5305 y Fk(?)3601 5290 y Fw(that)709 |
| | 47790 | 5399 y(is)c(smeared.)0 5507 y Fq(MSTU\(54\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 47791 | b Fw(\(D=1\))33 b(form)g(for)h(presen)m(tation)h(of)f(information)d(ab) |
| | 47792 | s(out)j(reconstructed)i(clusters)f(in)472 5615 y Fq(LUCELL)p |
| | 47793 | Fw(,)g(as)d(stored)i(in)d Fq(LUJETS)k Fw(according)d(to)g(the)h |
| | 47794 | Fq(MSTU\(43\))h Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)1817 5953 y(309)p eop |
| | 47795 | %%Page: 310 316 |
| | 47796 | 310 315 bop 236 -18 a Fq(=)52 b(1)f(:)217 b Fw(the)31 |
| | 47797 | b Fq(P)g Fw(v)m(ector)g(in)f(eac)m(h)i(line)d(con)m(tains)i |
| | 47798 | Fj(\021)j Fw(and)d Fj(')g Fw(for)f(the)h(geometric)e(origin)g(of)h(the) |
| | 47799 | 709 90 y(jet,)i Fj(\021)37 b Fw(and)32 b Fj(')h Fw(for)f(the)h(w)m |
| | 47800 | (eigh)m(ted)g(cen)m(ter)h(of)e(the)h(jet,)g(and)g(jet)f |
| | 47801 | Fj(E)3118 105 y Fk(?)3177 90 y Fw(,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
| | 47802 | b(.)236 198 y Fq(=)52 b(2)f(:)217 b Fw(the)30 b Fq(P)g |
| | 47803 | Fw(v)m(ector)h(in)d(eac)m(h)j(line)e(con)m(tains)g(a)h(massless)g |
| | 47804 | (four-v)m(ector)g(giving)e(the)i(direc-)709 307 y(tion)h(of)h(the)h |
| | 47805 | (jet,)g(obtained)f(as)709 415 y(\()p Fj(p)796 430 y Fh(x)839 |
| | 47806 | 415 y Fj(;)17 b(p)932 430 y Fh(y)974 415 y Fj(;)g(p)1067 |
| | 47807 | 430 y Fh(z)1106 415 y Fj(;)g(E)6 b(;)17 b(m)p Fw(\))27 |
| | 47808 | b(=)h Fj(E)1598 430 y Fk(?)1657 415 y Fw(\(cos)17 b Fj(';)g |
| | 47809 | Fw(sin)f Fj(';)h Fw(sinh)f Fj(\021)t(;)h Fw(cosh)g Fj(\021)t(;)g |
| | 47810 | Fw(0\),)709 523 y(where)41 b Fj(\021)i Fw(and)d Fj(')f |
| | 47811 | Fw(giv)m(e)h(the)g(w)m(eigh)m(ted)g(cen)m(ter)h(of)f(a)f(jet)h(and)f |
| | 47812 | Fj(E)3108 538 y Fk(?)3207 523 y Fw(its)g(transv)m(erse)709 |
| | 47813 | 632 y(energy)-8 b(.)236 740 y Fq(=)52 b(3)f(:)217 b Fw(the)47 |
| | 47814 | b Fq(P)g Fw(v)m(ector)h(in)e(eac)m(h)h(line)f(con)m(tains)g(a)h(massiv) |
| | 47815 | m(e)g(four-v)m(ector,)j(obtained)d(b)m(y)709 848 y(adding)27 |
| | 47816 | b(the)i(massless)f(four-v)m(ectors)h(of)f(all)e(cells)h(that)h(form)f |
| | 47817 | (part)h(of)g(the)g(jet,)h(and)709 957 y(calculating)g(the)j(jet)g(mass) |
| | 47818 | g(from)f Fj(m)2065 920 y Fl(2)2132 957 y Fw(=)d Fj(E)2314 |
| | 47819 | 920 y Fl(2)2374 957 y Fn(\000)21 b Fj(p)2521 920 y Fl(2)2521 |
| | 47820 | 981 y Fh(x)2585 957 y Fn(\000)g Fj(p)2732 920 y Fl(2)2732 |
| | 47821 | 981 y Fh(y)2794 957 y Fn(\000)g Fj(p)2941 920 y Fl(2)2941 |
| | 47822 | 981 y Fh(z)2981 957 y Fw(.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(eac)m(h)i(cell,)e(the) |
| | 47823 | 709 1065 y(total)h Fj(E)1015 1080 y Fk(?)1109 1065 y |
| | 47824 | Fw(is)i(summed)g(up,)h(and)g(then)g(translated)f(in)m(to)f(a)h |
| | 47825 | (massless)h(four-v)m(ector)709 1173 y(assuming)c(that)i(all)d(the)j |
| | 47826 | Fj(E)1719 1188 y Fk(?)1811 1173 y Fw(w)m(as)h(dep)s(osited)e(in)g(the)h |
| | 47827 | (cen)m(ter)h(of)e(the)h(cell.)0 1282 y Fq(MSTU\(61\))53 |
| | 47828 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(I\))27 b(\014rst)h(en)m(try)h(for)e(storage)g(of)g(ev)m |
| | 47829 | (en)m(t-analysis)h(information)d(in)h(last)h(ev)m(en)m(t)i(analyzed)472 |
| | 47830 | 1390 y(with)k Fq(LUSPHE)p Fw(,)h Fq(LUTHRU)p Fw(,)g Fq(LUCLUS)g |
| | 47831 | Fw(or)e Fq(LUCELL)p Fw(.)0 1498 y Fq(MSTU\(62\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 47832 | b Fw(\(R\))27 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(particles/partons)f(used)j(in)d |
| | 47833 | (the)i(last)f(ev)m(en)m(t)i(analysis)e(with)g Fq(LUSPHE)p |
| | 47834 | Fw(,)472 1607 y Fq(LUTHRU)p Fw(,)35 b Fq(LUCLUS)p Fw(,)f |
| | 47835 | Fq(LUCELL)p Fw(,)g Fq(LUJMAS)p Fw(,)g Fq(LUFOWO)g Fw(or)f |
| | 47836 | Fq(LUTABU)p Fw(.)0 1715 y Fq(MSTU\(63\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(R\))26 |
| | 47837 | b(in)g(a)h Fq(LUCLUS)h Fw(call,)e(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g |
| | 47838 | (preclusters)h(constructed)g(in)e(order)h(to)f(sp)s(eed)472 |
| | 47839 | 1823 y(up)34 b(analysis)f(\(should)h(b)s(e)g(equal)f(to)g |
| | 47840 | Fq(MSTU\(62\))j Fw(if)j Fq(PARU\(43\)=0.)p Fw(\).)50 |
| | 47841 | b(In)34 b(a)f Fq(LUCELL)i Fw(call,)472 1932 y(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g |
| | 47842 | (of)g(cells)e(hit.)0 2040 y Fq(MSTU\(161\),)54 b(MSTU\(162\))g(:)47 |
| | 47843 | b Fw(hard)30 b(\015a)m(v)m(ours)h(in)m(v)m(olv)m(ed)f(in)f(curren)m(t)h |
| | 47844 | (ev)m(en)m(t,)i(as)e(used)h(in)e(an)g(analysis)472 2148 |
| | 47845 | y(with)41 b Fq(LUTABU\(11\))p Fw(.)70 b(Either)40 b(or)h(b)s(oth)f(ma)m |
| | 47846 | (y)h(b)s(e)f(set)i(0,)g(to)e(indicate)g(the)h(presence)i(of)472 |
| | 47847 | 2257 y(one)32 b(or)g(none)g(hard)f(\015a)m(v)m(ours)i(in)e(ev)m(en)m |
| | 47848 | (t.)45 b(Is)32 b(normally)e(set)i(b)m(y)g(high-lev)m(el)e(routines,)i |
| | 47849 | (lik)m(e)472 2365 y Fq(LUEEVT)j Fw(or)d Fq(PYEVNT)p Fw(,)i(but)f(can)g |
| | 47850 | (also)e(b)s(e)i(set)g(b)m(y)h(y)m(ou.)0 2528 y Fq(PARU\(41\))53 |
| | 47851 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2.\))e(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)35 b(of)e(momen)m(tum-dep)s |
| | 47852 | (endence)i(in)e Fq(LUSPHE)p Fw(,)i(default)f(corresp)s(onds)h(to)472 |
| | 47853 | 2636 y(sphericit)m(y)-8 b(,)33 b Fq(=1.)44 b Fw(to)33 |
| | 47854 | b(linear)e(ev)m(en)m(t)j(measures.)0 2744 y Fq(PARU\(42\))53 |
| | 47855 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))e(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)35 b(of)e(momen)m(tum-dep)s |
| | 47856 | (endence)i(in)e Fq(LUTHRU)p Fw(,)i(default)f(corresp)s(onds)h(to)472 |
| | 47857 | 2853 y(thrust.)0 2961 y Fq(PARU\(43\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.25)g(GeV\))h |
| | 47858 | (maxim)m(um)e(distance)j Fj(d)2171 2976 y Fl(init)2329 |
| | 47859 | 2961 y Fw(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(in)f Fq(LUCLUS)j Fw(when)g(forming)472 |
| | 47860 | 3069 y(starting)44 b(clusters)h(used)h(to)e(sp)s(eed)i(up)f |
| | 47861 | (reconstruction.)79 b(The)46 b(meaning)d(of)h(the)h(pa-)472 |
| | 47862 | 3178 y(rameter)f(is)g(in)g Fj(p)1132 3193 y Fk(?)1235 |
| | 47863 | 3178 y Fw(for)g Fq(MSTU\(46\))p Fn(\024)50 b Fw(2)45 |
| | 47864 | b(and)f(in)g Fj(m)g Fw(for)g Fq(MSTU\(46\))p Fn(\025)50 |
| | 47865 | b Fw(3.)79 b(If)51 b Fq(=0.)p Fw(,)e(no)472 3286 y(preclustering)34 |
| | 47866 | b(is)g(obtained.)48 b(If)34 b(c)m(hosen)i(to)s(o)d(large,)h(more)f |
| | 47867 | (joining)f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)h(generated)472 3394 y(at)28 |
| | 47868 | b(this)h(stage)f(than)h(is)f(desirable.)41 b(The)29 b(main)e |
| | 47869 | (application)f(is)i(at)g(high)f(energies,)j(where)472 |
| | 47870 | 3503 y(some)24 b(sp)s(eedup)i(is)e(imp)s(erativ)m(e,)g(and)g(the)h |
| | 47871 | (small)d(details)h(are)h(not)g(so)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)f(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y) |
| | 47872 | -8 b(.)0 3611 y Fq(PARU\(44\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2.5)30 |
| | 47873 | b(GeV\))h(maxim)m(um)e(distance)j Fj(d)2050 3626 y Fl(join)2169 |
| | 47874 | 3611 y Fw(,)g(b)s(elo)m(w)f(whic)m(h)g(it)g(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(to)g |
| | 47875 | (join)f(t)m(w)m(o)472 3719 y(clusters)35 b(in)m(to)d(one)i(in)e |
| | 47876 | Fq(LUCLUS)p Fw(.)j(Is)f(used)h(for)e Fq(MSTU\(46\))p |
| | 47877 | Fn(\024)e Fw(3)j(and)f Fq(=5)p Fw(,)h(i.e.)46 b(b)s(oth)33 |
| | 47878 | b(for)g Fj(p)3721 3734 y Fk(?)472 3828 y Fw(and)g(mass)g(distance)g |
| | 47879 | (measure.)0 3936 y Fq(PARU\(45\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.05\))32 |
| | 47880 | b(maxim)m(um)f(distance)j Fj(y)1878 3951 y Fl(join)2027 |
| | 47881 | 3936 y Fw(=)29 b Fj(m)2217 3900 y Fl(2)2257 3936 y Fj(=E)2384 |
| | 47882 | 3900 y Fl(2)2378 3961 y(vis)2501 3936 y Fw(or)k(ditto)f(with)i |
| | 47883 | Fj(m)3169 3900 y Fl(2)3238 3936 y Fn(!)29 b Fj(p)3416 |
| | 47884 | 3900 y Fl(2)3416 3961 y Fk(?)3475 3936 y Fw(,)34 b(b)s(elo)m(w)472 |
| | 47885 | 4044 y(whic)m(h)41 b(it)d(is)i(allo)m(w)m(ed)f(to)g(join)f(t)m(w)m(o)j |
| | 47886 | (clusters)f(in)m(to)f(one)h(in)f Fq(LUCLUS)i Fw(for)f |
| | 47887 | Fq(MSTU\(46\)=4,)472 4153 y(=6)p Fw(.)0 4261 y Fq(PARU\(48\))53 |
| | 47888 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.0001\))20 b(con)m(v)m(ergence)25 b(criterion)20 |
| | 47889 | b(for)i(thrust)g(\(in)f Fq(LUTHRU)p Fw(\))j(or)d(generalized)h(thrust) |
| | 47890 | 472 4369 y(\(in)36 b Fq(LUCLUS)p Fw(\),)h(or)f(relativ)m(e)g(c)m(hange) |
| | 47891 | h(of)e Fj(m)2035 4333 y Fl(2)2035 4394 y(H)2117 4369 |
| | 47892 | y Fw(+)25 b Fj(m)2303 4333 y Fl(2)2303 4394 y(L)2387 |
| | 47893 | 4369 y Fw(\(in)36 b Fq(LUJMAS)p Fw(\),)h(i.e.)54 b(when)37 |
| | 47894 | b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)472 4478 y(c)m(hanges)26 b(b)m(y)f(less)f(than)g |
| | 47895 | (this)f(amoun)m(t)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(t)m(w)m(o)e(iterations)f(the)h |
| | 47896 | (pro)s(cess)h(is)f(stopp)s(ed.)0 4586 y Fq(PARU\(51\))53 |
| | 47897 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2.5\))h(de\014nes)j(maxim)m(um)c(absolute)j |
| | 47898 | (pseudorapidit)m(y)f(used)i(for)e(detector)h(as-)472 |
| | 47899 | 4694 y(sumed)33 b(in)f Fq(LUCELL)p Fw(.)0 4803 y Fq(PARU\(52\))53 |
| | 47900 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.5)36 b(GeV\))h(giv)m(es)g(minim)m(um)d |
| | 47901 | Fj(E)1934 4818 y Fk(?)2030 4803 y Fw(for)j(a)f(cell)g(to)h(b)s(e)g |
| | 47902 | (considered)h(as)f(a)g(p)s(oten)m(tial)472 4911 y(jet)c(initiator)c(b)m |
| | 47903 | (y)35 b Fq(LUCELL)p Fw(.)0 5019 y Fq(PARU\(53\))53 b(:)48 |
| | 47904 | b Fw(\(D=7.0)e(GeV\))i(giv)m(es)g(minim)m(um)c(summed)j |
| | 47905 | Fj(E)2376 5034 y Fk(?)2483 5019 y Fw(for)g(a)g(collection)f(of)h(cells) |
| | 47906 | g(to)g(b)s(e)472 5128 y(accepted)34 b(as)f(a)g(jet.)0 |
| | 47907 | 5262 y Fq(PARU\(54\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=1.\))86 b(giv)m(es)48 |
| | 47908 | b(the)g(maxim)m(um)c(distance)k(in)e Fj(R)54 b Fw(=)2635 |
| | 47909 | 5162 y Fg(q)p 2718 5162 629 4 v 100 x Fw(\(\001)p Fj(\021)t |
| | 47910 | Fw(\))2927 5233 y Fl(2)2988 5262 y Fw(+)22 b(\(\001)p |
| | 47911 | Fj(')p Fw(\))3307 5233 y Fl(2)3394 5262 y Fw(from)46 |
| | 47912 | b(cell)472 5386 y(initiator)30 b(when)k(grouping)d(cells)h(to)g(c)m |
| | 47913 | (hec)m(k)j(whether)f(they)f(qualify)f(as)h(a)f(jet.)0 |
| | 47914 | 5494 y Fq(PARU\(55\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.5\))e(when)i(smearing)e(the)h |
| | 47915 | (transv)m(erse)j(energy)e(\(or)f(energy)-8 b(,)51 b(see)d |
| | 47916 | Fq(MSTU\(53\))p Fw(\))472 5612 y(in)37 b Fq(LUCELL)p |
| | 47917 | Fw(,)i(the)e(calorimeter)e(cell)h(resolution)g(is)h(tak)m(en)h(to)f(b)s |
| | 47918 | (e)g Fq(PARU\(55\))p Fn(\002)3401 5535 y(p)p 3487 5535 |
| | 47919 | 132 4 v 3487 5612 a Fj(E)3559 5627 y Fk(?)3655 5612 y |
| | 47920 | Fw(\(or)1817 5953 y(310)p eop |
| | 47921 | %%Page: 311 317 |
| | 47922 | 311 316 bop 472 -18 a Fq(PARU\(55\))p Fn(\002)957 -102 |
| | 47923 | y(p)p 1043 -102 79 4 v 1043 -18 a Fj(E)6 b Fw(\))33 b(for)f |
| | 47924 | Fj(E)1413 -3 y Fk(?)1504 -18 y Fw(\(or)h Fj(E)6 b Fw(\))32 |
| | 47925 | b(in)g(GeV.)0 90 y Fq(PARU\(56\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=2.\))55 |
| | 47926 | b(maxim)m(um)35 b(factor)h(of)h(up)m(w)m(ard)h(\015uctuation)f(in)f |
| | 47927 | (transv)m(erse)j(energy)f(or)e(en-)472 198 y(ergy)46 |
| | 47928 | b(in)e(a)h(giv)m(en)g(cell)f(when)i(calorimeter)d(resolution)h(is)h |
| | 47929 | (included)g(in)f Fq(LUCELL)i Fw(\(see)472 307 y Fq(MSTU\(53\))p |
| | 47930 | Fw(\).)0 415 y Fq(PARU\(57\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=3.2\))35 |
| | 47931 | b(maxim)m(um)g(rapidit)m(y)g(\(or)i(pseudorapidit)m(y)f(or)h(pion)f |
| | 47932 | (rapidit)m(y)-8 b(,)36 b(dep)s(ending)472 523 y(on)d |
| | 47933 | Fq(MSTU\(42\))p Fw(\))i(used)e(in)f(the)h(factorial)d(momen)m(ts)i |
| | 47934 | (analysis)g(in)g Fq(LUTABU)p Fw(.)0 632 y Fq(PARU\(58\))53 |
| | 47935 | b(:)48 b Fw(\(D=0.)87 b(GeV\))47 b(in)g(a)g Fq(LUCELL)i |
| | 47936 | Fw(call,)g(cells)e(with)g(a)g(transv)m(erse)j(energy)e |
| | 47937 | Fj(E)3429 647 y Fk(?)3536 632 y Fw(b)s(elo)m(w)472 740 |
| | 47938 | y Fq(PARP\(58\))39 b Fw(are)d(remo)m(v)m(ed)g(from)f(further)i |
| | 47939 | (consideration.)52 b(This)37 b(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)i(used)g(to)f(rep-)472 |
| | 47940 | 848 y(resen)m(t)c(a)e(threshold)h(in)e(an)h(actual)g(calorimeter,)f(or) |
| | 47941 | g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)f(c)m(hosen)i(just)f(to)f(sp)s(eed)h(up)472 |
| | 47942 | 957 y(the)i(algorithm)d(in)i(a)g(high-m)m(ultiplicit)m(y)c(en)m |
| | 47943 | (vironmen)m(t..)0 1065 y Fq(PARU\(61\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(I\))43 |
| | 47944 | b(in)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)42 b(mass)i Fj(W)57 b Fw(of)43 |
| | 47945 | b(a)g(system)i(analyzed)e(with)h Fq(LUCLUS)h Fw(or)e |
| | 47946 | Fq(LUJMAS)p Fw(,)i(with)472 1173 y(energies)34 b(calculated)d |
| | 47947 | (according)h(to)g(the)h Fq(MSTU\(42\))i Fw(v)-5 b(alue.)0 |
| | 47948 | 1282 y Fq(PARU\(62\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(R\))32 b(the)i(generalized)e |
| | 47949 | (thrust)h(obtained)g(after)f(a)h(successful)h Fq(LUCLUS)h |
| | 47950 | Fw(call,)c(i.e.)44 b(ratio)472 1390 y(of)33 b(summed)f(cluster)h(momen) |
| | 47951 | m(ta)e(and)i(summed)f(particle)f(momen)m(ta.)0 1498 y |
| | 47952 | Fq(PARU\(63\))53 b(:)48 b Fw(\(R\))29 b(the)h(minim)m(um)c(distance)k |
| | 47953 | Fj(d)f Fw(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(t)m(w)m(o)g(clusters)f(in)e(the)i(\014nal) |
| | 47954 | f(cluster)h(con\014g-)472 1607 y(uration)i(after)g(a)g(successful)j |
| | 47955 | Fq(LUCLUS)f Fw(call;)d(is)h(0)g(if)g(only)g(one)h(cluster)f(left.)1817 |
| | 47956 | 5953 y(311)p eop |
| | 47957 | %%Page: 312 318 |
| | 47958 | 312 317 bop 0 -18 a Ft(16)161 b(Summary)52 b(and)i(Outlo)t(ok)0 |
| | 47959 | 189 y Fw(A)22 b(complete)f(description)h(of)f(the)h Fm(Pythia/Jetset)g |
| | 47960 | Fw(programs)f(w)m(ould)g(ha)m(v)m(e)j(to)d(co)m(v)m(er)j(four)d(asp)s |
| | 47961 | (ects:)119 302 y(1.)49 b(the)33 b(basic)f(philosoph)m(y)h(and)f |
| | 47962 | (principles)g(underlying)g(the)h(programs;)119 419 y(2.)49 |
| | 47963 | b(the)28 b(detailed)f(ph)m(ysics)j(scenarios)e(implemen)m(ted,)f(with)h |
| | 47964 | (all)e(the)i(necessary)i(compromises)d(and)244 528 y(appro)m |
| | 47965 | (ximations;)119 646 y(3.)49 b(the)24 b(structure)g(of)f(the)h(implemen) |
| | 47966 | m(tation,)e(including)g(program)g(\015o)m(w,)k(in)m(ternal)c(v)-5 |
| | 47967 | b(ariable)21 b(names)244 754 y(and)33 b(programming)c(tric)m(ks;)k(and) |
| | 47968 | 119 872 y(4.)49 b(the)33 b(man)m(ual,)e(whic)m(h)i(describ)s(es)h(ho)m |
| | 47969 | (w)f(to)f(use)i(the)f(programs.)0 985 y(Of)25 b(these)h(asp)s(ects,)i |
| | 47970 | (the)e(\014rst)f(has)h(b)s(een)g(dealt)e(with)h(in)f(reasonable)h |
| | 47971 | (detail.)40 b(The)26 b(second)g(is)f(unev)m(enly)0 1093 |
| | 47972 | y(co)m(v)m(ered:)45 b(in)31 b(depth)h(for)f(asp)s(ects)i(whic)m(h)f |
| | 47973 | (are)g(not)f(discussed)i(an)m(ywhere)h(else,)e(more)f(summarily)e(for)0 |
| | 47974 | 1201 y(areas)e(where)h(separate)g(up-to-date)e(pap)s(ers)i(already)f |
| | 47975 | (exist.)41 b(The)28 b(third)f(is)f(not)h(included)f(at)h(all,)f(but)0 |
| | 47976 | 1310 y(`left)33 b(as)i(an)f(exercise')i(for)d(the)i(reader,)g(to)f |
| | 47977 | (\014gure)h(out)f(from)f(the)h(co)s(de)h(itself.)47 b(The)35 |
| | 47978 | b(fourth,)g(\014nally)-8 b(,)0 1418 y(should)41 b(b)s(e)f(largely)g(co) |
| | 47979 | m(v)m(ered,)k(although)c(man)m(y)h(further)g(commen)m(ts)f(could)g(ha)m |
| | 47980 | (v)m(e)i(b)s(een)g(made,)g(in)0 1526 y(particular)32 |
| | 47981 | b(ab)s(out)i(the)g(in)m(terpla)m(y)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(di\013eren)m(t) |
| | 47982 | e(parts)h(of)e(the)i(programs.)47 b(Still,)32 b(in)h(the)i(end,)0 |
| | 47983 | 1635 y(no)d(man)m(ual,)g(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er)j(complete,)d(can)g |
| | 47984 | (substitute)i(for)e(`hands)h(on')g(exp)s(erience.)146 |
| | 47985 | 1743 y(The)40 b Fm(Pythia/Jetset)d Fw(programs)h(are)h(con)m(tin)m |
| | 47986 | (uously)f(b)s(eing)g(dev)m(elop)s(ed.)62 b(W)-8 b(e)39 |
| | 47987 | b(are)g(a)m(w)m(are)g(of)0 1851 y(man)m(y)33 b(shortcomings,)e(whic)m |
| | 47988 | (h)j(hop)s(efully)d(will)f(b)s(e)j(addressed)h(in)e(the)h(future,)g |
| | 47989 | (suc)m(h)h(as:)145 1965 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(p)s(olarization)23 |
| | 47990 | b(e\013ects)29 b(should)e(b)s(e)g(included)f(in)g(more)h(places,)h(in)e |
| | 47991 | (particular)f(for)i Fj(\034)38 b Fw(pro)s(duction)244 |
| | 47992 | 2073 y(and)33 b(deca)m(y;)145 2191 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(the)33 |
| | 47993 | b(photopro)s(duction)f(and)g Fj(\015)5 b(\015)g Fw(-ph)m(ysics)34 |
| | 47994 | b(scenarios)f(should)f(b)s(e)h(expanded;)145 2308 y Fn(\017)49 |
| | 47995 | b Fw(man)m(y)32 b(pro)s(cesses)j(of)d(in)m(terest)h(are)g(missing;)e |
| | 47996 | (and)145 2426 y Fn(\017)49 b Fw(mass)23 b(relations)f(and)i(couplings)e |
| | 47997 | (need)j(to)e(b)s(e)g(included)g(b)s(ey)m(ond)i(the)f(Born)f(lev)m(el)g |
| | 47998 | (in)g(the)g(MSSM)244 2535 y(t)m(w)m(o)33 b(Higgs)f(doublet)g(scenario.) |
| | 47999 | 0 2648 y(This)d(list)e(could)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)g(made)e(m)m(uc)m |
| | 48000 | (h)h(longer)f(\(I)h(almost)e(certainly)g(missed)i(y)m(our)g(top)g |
| | 48001 | (priorit)m(y\).)0 2756 y(One)23 b(other)h(asp)s(ect)g(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e) |
| | 48002 | g(to)g(pro)m(vide)g(more)g(and)g(longer)f(examples)h(of)g(w)m(orking)g |
| | 48003 | (main)e(programs)0 2864 y(for)32 b(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(standard) |
| | 48004 | h(applications.)146 2973 y(Apart)j(from)f(these)i(ph)m(ysics)h(asp)s |
| | 48005 | (ects,)g(one)e(ma)m(y)g(also)f(w)m(orry)i(ab)s(out)e(the)i(programming) |
| | 48006 | c(ones.)0 3081 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(instance,)h(for)f(historical)e |
| | 48007 | (reasons,)k(single)d(precision)h(real)f(is)h(used)i(almost)d(ev)m |
| | 48008 | (erywhere.)46 b(With)0 3189 y(the)31 b(push)g(to)f(higher)g(energies,)h |
| | 48009 | (this)f(is)g(b)s(ecoming)f(more)g(and)h(more)g(of)g(a)g(problem,)f(so)i |
| | 48010 | (it)e(w)m(ould)h(b)s(e)0 3298 y(logical)f(to)k(mo)m(v)m(e)g(to)f |
| | 48011 | (double)g(precision)g(throughout.)146 3406 y(One)c(should)e(also)g |
| | 48012 | (note)i(that)e(the)i Fm(Jetset)d Fw(and)i Fm(Pythia)h |
| | 48013 | Fw(programs)e(these)i(da)m(ys)g(are)f(b)s(ecoming)0 3514 |
| | 48014 | y(so)45 b(in)m(tert)m(wined,)i(that)d(it)g(w)m(ould)g(mak)m(e)h(sense)h |
| | 48015 | (to)e(join)f(them)h(in)m(to)g(one)g(single)g(program.)77 |
| | 48016 | b(This)0 3623 y(w)m(ould)35 b(e.g.)52 b(mean)35 b(that)g(the)h(curren)m |
| | 48017 | (t)h(e)1518 3587 y Fl(+)1577 3623 y Fw(e)1620 3587 y |
| | 48018 | Fk(\000)1715 3623 y Fw(generation)d(routines)i(of)41 |
| | 48019 | b Fm(Jetset)35 b Fw(are)g(made)g(part)g(of)0 3731 y(the)30 |
| | 48020 | b(generic)f Fm(Pythia)g Fw(pro)s(cess)i(generation)d(mac)m(hinery)h(|)g |
| | 48021 | (this)g(is)f(particular)g(a\013ects)i(the)f(matrix-)0 |
| | 48022 | 3839 y(elemen)m(t)i(options,)h(since)g(e)1009 3803 y |
| | 48023 | Fl(+)1068 3839 y Fw(e)1111 3803 y Fk(\000)1202 3839 y |
| | 48024 | Fw(ev)m(en)m(ts)i(with)d(parton)g(sho)m(w)m(ers)j(already)d(are)g(a)m |
| | 48025 | (v)-5 b(ailable)29 b(in)i Fm(Pythia)p Fw(.)0 3948 y(A)37 |
| | 48026 | b(join)m(t)e(pro)s(duct)i(w)m(ould)f(lik)m(ely)g(adopt)g(the)h(name)f |
| | 48027 | Fm(Pythia)p Fw(:)51 b(although)36 b Fm(Jetset)f Fw(is)h(the)h(older)f |
| | 48028 | (of)0 4056 y(the)29 b(t)m(w)m(o)f(programs,)h(it)e(has)h(a)g(less)g(w)m |
| | 48029 | (ell)g(dev)m(elop)s(ed)h(iden)m(tit)m(y)f(of)f(its)h(o)m(wn.)43 |
| | 48030 | b(\(It)28 b(is)f(also)h(often)g(referred)0 4164 y(to)h(as)g(`Lund',)i |
| | 48031 | (whic)m(h)f(to)s(da)m(y)f(is)g(more)f(confusing)h(than)g(it)g(w)m(as)h |
| | 48032 | (in)e(the)i(early)f(da)m(ys.\))43 b(In)30 b(the)f(pro)s(cess)0 |
| | 48033 | 4273 y(of)g(joining)e(the)j(programs,)g(one)f(w)m(ould)h(probably)f |
| | 48034 | (also)g(remo)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(of)f(options)g(that)g(are) |
| | 48035 | h(no)0 4381 y(longer)i(used.)146 4489 y(Another)41 b(p)s(ossible)f(c)m |
| | 48036 | (hange)i(on)e(longer)g(time)f(scales)i(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(an)f(in)m |
| | 48037 | (tro)s(duction)f(of)h(F)-8 b(ortran)0 4598 y(90)35 b(programming)d |
| | 48038 | (elemen)m(ts.)51 b(In)35 b(particular,)g(deriv)m(ed)h(data)e(t)m(yp)s |
| | 48039 | (es)j(could)d(b)s(e)i(used)g(to)f(de\014ne)h(the)0 4706 |
| | 48040 | y(ev)m(en)m(t)j(record)f(as)g(a)g(one-dimensional)c(arra)m(y)-8 |
| | 48041 | b(,)39 b(where)g(eac)m(h)g(elemen)m(t)e(represen)m(ts)j(a)d(particle,)h |
| | 48042 | (with)0 4815 y(in)m(teger)32 b(and)h(real)f(comp)s(onen)m(ts)h(to)f |
| | 48043 | (giv)m(e)h(\015a)m(v)m(our,)g(history)-8 b(,)33 b(momen)m(tum)e(and)h |
| | 48044 | (pro)s(duction)g(v)m(ertex.)146 4923 y(No)h(timetable)e(is)h(set)i(up)f |
| | 48045 | (for)f(future)h(c)m(hanges.)46 b(After)33 b(all,)d(this)j(is)f(not)h(a) |
| | 48046 | f(professionally)g(main-)0 5031 y(tained)44 b(soft)m(w)m(are)i(pro)s |
| | 48047 | (duct,)i(but)c(part)h(of)f(a)g(one-man)g(ph)m(ysics)i(researc)m(h)g |
| | 48048 | (pro)5 b(ject.)80 b(V)-8 b(ery)45 b(often,)0 5140 y(dev)m(elopmen)m(ts) |
| | 48049 | 38 b(of)e(the)g(programs)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(come)e(ab)s(out)g(as)g(a)g |
| | 48050 | (direct)h(resp)s(onse)g(to)g(the)f(ev)m(olution)g(of)0 |
| | 48051 | 5248 y(the)31 b(ph)m(ysics)h(stage,)g(i.e.)42 b(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)30 |
| | 48052 | b(results)h(and)f(studies)i(for)e(future)h(accelerators.)43 |
| | 48053 | b(Hop)s(efully)-8 b(,)0 5356 y(the)33 b(program)e(will)f(k)m(eep)35 |
| | 48054 | b(on)d(ev)m(olving)g(in)g(step)i(with)e(the)h(new)g(c)m(hallenges)g(op) |
| | 48055 | s(ening)f(up.)1817 5953 y(312)p eop |
| | 48056 | %%Page: 313 319 |
| | 48057 | 313 318 bop 0 -18 a Ft(References)0 189 y Fw([Abb87])187 |
| | 48058 | b(A.)27 b(Abbasabadi)f(and)g(W.)h(Repk)m(o,)h(Ph)m(ys.)g(Lett.)f |
| | 48059 | Fo(B199)f Fw(\(1987\))f(286;)i(Ph)m(ys.)i(Rev.)e Fo(D37)520 |
| | 48060 | 297 y Fw(\(1988\))32 b(2668;)520 405 y(W.)h(Repk)m(o)g(and)g(G.L.)f |
| | 48061 | (Kane,)h(priv)-5 b(ate)32 b(comm)m(unication)0 597 y([AFS87])177 |
| | 48062 | b(AFS)33 b(Collab)s(oration,)c(T.)1516 579 y(\027)1516 |
| | 48063 | 597 y(Ak)m(esson)35 b(et)d(al.,)g(Z.)g(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(C34)d |
| | 48064 | Fw(\(1987\))g(163;)520 705 y(UA2)h(Collab)s(oration,)c(J.)k(Alitti)c |
| | 48065 | (et)k(al.,)f(Ph)m(ys.)i(Lett.)f Fo(B268)f Fw(\(1991\))g(145;)520 |
| | 48066 | 813 y(L.)h(Keeble)f(\(CDF)h(Collab)s(oration\),)c |
| | 48067 | (FERMILAB-CONF-92-161-E)h(\(1992\))0 1005 y([ALE92])168 |
| | 48068 | b(ALEPH)34 b(Collab)s(oration,)29 b(D.)j(Buskulic)g(et)h(al.,)f(Ph)m |
| | 48069 | (ys.)i(Lett.)f Fo(B292)f Fw(\(1992\))g(210)0 1196 y([Ali80])239 |
| | 48070 | b(A.)39 b(Ali,)f(J.G.)h(K\177)-49 b(orner,)40 b(G.)e(Kramer)g(and)g(J.) |
| | 48071 | h(Willro)s(dt,)e(Nucl.)i(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(B168)f Fw(\(1980\))520 |
| | 48072 | 1304 y(409;)520 1413 y(A.)h(Ali,)h(E.)f(Pietarinen,)h(G.)f(Kramer)f |
| | 48073 | (and)h(J.)h(Willro)s(dt,)e(Ph)m(ys.)j(Lett.)e Fo(B93)g |
| | 48074 | Fw(\(1980\))520 1521 y(155)0 1712 y([Ali80a])190 b(A.)31 |
| | 48075 | b(Ali,)f(J.G.)h(K\177)-49 b(orner,)31 b(Z.)g(Kunszt,)h(E.)f |
| | 48076 | (Pietarinen,)g(G.)g(Kramer,)f(G.)h(Sc)m(hierholz)f(and)520 |
| | 48077 | 1821 y(J.)j(Willro)s(dt,)d(Nucl.)i(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(B167)f |
| | 48078 | Fw(\(1980\))e(454)0 2012 y([Ali82])239 b(A.)33 b(Ali,)e(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48079 | (Lett.)f Fo(B110)f Fw(\(1982\))g(67;)520 2120 y(A.)47 |
| | 48080 | b(Ali)d(and)i(F.)g(Barreiro,)j(Ph)m(ys.)f(Lett.)e Fo(B118)g |
| | 48081 | Fw(\(1982\))f(155;)53 b(Nucl.)46 b(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(B236)520 |
| | 48082 | 2229 y Fw(\(1984\))32 b(269)0 2420 y([Ali88])239 b(A.)23 |
| | 48083 | b(Ali)f(et)h(al.,)h(in)e(`Pro)s(ceedings)i(of)e(the)i(HERA)f(W)-8 |
| | 48084 | b(orkshop',)26 b(ed.)e(R.D.)e(P)m(eccei)i(\(DESY,)520 |
| | 48085 | 2528 y(Ham)m(burg,)32 b(1988\),)g(V)-8 b(ol.)31 b(1,)i(p.)g(395;)520 |
| | 48086 | 2637 y(M.)g(Bilenky)f(and)h(G.)f(d'Agostini,)g(priv)-5 |
| | 48087 | b(ate)32 b(comm)m(unication)e(\(1991\))0 2828 y([Alt77])229 |
| | 48088 | b(G.)32 b(Altarelli)d(and)k(G.)f(P)m(arisi,)g(Nucl.)g(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48089 | Fo(B126)d Fw(\(1977\))f(298)0 3020 y([Alt78])229 b(G.)32 |
| | 48090 | b(Altarelli)d(and)k(G.)f(Martinelli,)e(Ph)m(ys.)k(Lett.)f |
| | 48091 | Fo(76B)f Fw(\(1978\))g(89)0 3211 y([Alt89])229 b(G.)32 |
| | 48092 | b(Altarelli,)d(B.)k(Mele)g(and)g(M.)g(Ruiz-Altaba,)d(Z.)i(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48093 | Fo(C45)d Fw(\(1989\))g(109)0 3402 y([Ama80])164 b(D.)31 |
| | 48094 | b(Amati,)e(A.)i(Bassetto,)h(M.)g(Ciafaloni,)c(G.)j(Marc)m(hesini)g(and) |
| | 48095 | g(G.)f(V)-8 b(eneziano,)32 b(Nucl.)520 3511 y(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48096 | Fo(B173)d Fw(\(1980\))f(429;)520 3619 y(G.)h(Curci,)h(W.)g(F)-8 |
| | 48097 | b(urmanski)31 b(and)i(R.)f(P)m(etronzio,)h(Nucl.)f(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48098 | Fo(B175)d Fw(\(1980\))g(27)0 3810 y([And79])187 b(B.)33 |
| | 48099 | b(Andersson,)h(G.)e(Gustafson)h(and)g(C.)g(P)m(eterson,)h(Z.)e(Ph)m |
| | 48100 | (ys.)j Fo(C1)d Fw(\(1979\))g(105;)520 3919 y(B.)h(Andersson)h(and)f(G.) |
| | 48101 | f(Gustafson,)h(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(C3)f Fw(\(1980\))e(22;)520 |
| | 48102 | 4027 y(B.)40 b(Andersson,)k(G.)39 b(Gustafson)i(and)f(T.)g(Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48103 | b(ostrand,)42 b(Z.)e(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(C6)e Fw(\(1980\))f(235;)k(Z.)520 |
| | 48104 | 4135 y(Ph)m(ys.)35 b Fo(C12)d Fw(\(1982\))g(49)0 4327 |
| | 48105 | y([And80])187 b(B.)33 b(Andersson,)h(G.)e(Gustafson)h(and)g(T.)g |
| | 48106 | (Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Ph)m(ys.)h(Lett.)f Fo(B94)f |
| | 48107 | Fw(\(1980\))g(211)0 4518 y([And81])187 b(B.)49 b(Andersson,)54 |
| | 48108 | b(G.)48 b(Gustafson,)k(I.)d(Holgersson)f(and)h(O.)f(M)-12 |
| | 48109 | b(\027)-61 b(ansson,)53 b(Nucl.)c(Ph)m(ys.)520 4626 y |
| | 48110 | Fo(B178)32 b Fw(\(1981\))g(242)0 4818 y([And81a])138 |
| | 48111 | b(B.)44 b(Andersson,)49 b(G.)44 b(Gustafson,)j(G.)d(Ingelman)f(and)i |
| | 48112 | (T.)f(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)48 b(Z.)43 b(Ph)m(ys.)k Fo(C9)520 |
| | 48113 | 4926 y Fw(\(1981\))32 b(233)0 5118 y([And82])187 b(B.)33 |
| | 48114 | b(Andersson,)h(G.)e(Gustafson)h(and)g(T.)g(Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48115 | b(ostrand,)33 b(Nucl.)f(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B197)d Fw(\(1982\))f(45)0 |
| | 48116 | 5309 y([And82a])138 b(B.)33 b(Andersson)h(and)f(G.)f(Gustafson,)h(LU)f |
| | 48117 | (TP)i(82-5)d(\(1982\))0 5500 y([And83])187 b(B.)37 b(Andersson,)j(G.)d |
| | 48118 | (Gustafson,)h(G.)f(Ingelman)e(and)i(T.)h(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)38 |
| | 48119 | b(Ph)m(ys.)h(Rep.)e Fo(97)520 5609 y Fw(\(1983\))32 b(31)1817 |
| | 48120 | 5953 y(313)p eop |
| | 48121 | %%Page: 314 320 |
| | 48122 | 314 319 bop 0 -18 a Fw([And83a])138 b(B.)33 b(Andersson,)h(G.)e |
| | 48123 | (Gustafson)h(and)g(B.)f(S\177)-49 b(oderb)s(erg,)33 b(Z.)g(Ph)m(ys.)h |
| | 48124 | Fo(C20)f Fw(\(1983\))e(317)0 171 y([And85])187 b(B.)29 |
| | 48125 | b(Andersson,)i(G.)d(Gustafson)h(and)g(T.)g(Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48126 | b(ostrand,)30 b(Ph)m(ysica)g(Scripta)e Fo(32)h Fw(\(1985\))e(574)0 |
| | 48127 | 361 y([Ans90])203 b(F.)28 b(Anselmo)f(et)h(al.,)g(in)f(`Large)h(Hadron) |
| | 48128 | g(Collider)e(W)-8 b(orkshop',)30 b(eds.)f(G.)f(Jarlsk)m(og)f(and)520 |
| | 48129 | 469 y(D.)32 b(Rein,)g(CERN)i(90-10)d(\(Genev)-5 b(a,1990\),)32 |
| | 48130 | b(V)-8 b(ol.)31 b(I)s(I,)i(p.)g(130)0 659 y([App92])187 |
| | 48131 | b(T.)33 b(App)s(elquist)g(and)f(G.)g(T)-8 b(rian)m(taph)m(yllou,)32 |
| | 48132 | b(Ph)m(ys.)i(P)m(ev.)g(Lett.)f Fo(69)g Fw(\(1992\))e(2750)0 |
| | 48133 | 848 y([Art74])219 b(X.)33 b(Artru)g(and)f(G.)g(Mennessier,)j(Nucl.)d |
| | 48134 | (Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B70)d Fw(\(1974\))f(93)0 1038 y([Art83])219 |
| | 48135 | b(X.)33 b(Artru,)g(Ph)m(ys.)h(Rep.)f Fo(97)g Fw(\(1983\))e(147)0 |
| | 48136 | 1227 y([Bab80])196 b(J.B.)33 b(Bab)s(co)s(c)m(k)g(and)g(R.E.)g(Cutk)m |
| | 48137 | (osky)-8 b(,)35 b(Nucl.)d(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B176)d Fw(\(1980\))g(113;)520 |
| | 48138 | 1336 y(J.)h(Dorfan,)e(Z.)i(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(C7)f Fw(\(1981\))e(349;)520 |
| | 48139 | 1444 y(H.J.)i(Daum,)e(H.)i(Mey)m(er)i(and)d(J.)h(B)s(\177)-51 |
| | 48140 | b(urger,)32 b(Z.)g(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(C8)d Fw(\(1981\))g(167;)520 |
| | 48141 | 1552 y(K.)h(Lanius,)f(H.E.)h(Rolo\013)e(and)i(H.)f(Sc)m(hiller,)g(Z.)g |
| | 48142 | (Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(C8)f Fw(\(1981\))e(251;)520 1661 y(M.C.)j(Go)s(ddard,)e |
| | 48143 | (Rutherford)g(preprin)m(t)h(RL-81-069)d(\(1981\);)520 |
| | 48144 | 1769 y(A.)j(B\177)-49 b(ac)m(k)m(er,)34 b(Z.)e(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48145 | Fo(C12)d Fw(\(1982\))g(161)0 1959 y([Bag82])201 b(J.A.)33 |
| | 48146 | b(Bagger)f(and)h(J.F.)f(Gunion,)g(Ph)m(ys.)j(Rev.)e Fo(D25)f |
| | 48147 | Fw(\(1982\))g(2287)0 2148 y([Bai83])222 b(R.)33 b(Baier)e(and)i(R.)f(R) |
| | 48148 | s(\177)-51 b(uc)m(kl,)32 b(Z.)g(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(C19)d Fw(\(1983\))g(251)0 |
| | 48149 | 2338 y([Bar88])212 b(R.M.)33 b(Barnett,)g(H.E.)g(Hab)s(er)g(and)f(D.E.) |
| | 48150 | h(Sop)s(er,)g(Nucl.)f(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B306)d Fw(\(1988\))f(697)0 |
| | 48151 | 2527 y([Bar90])212 b(T.L.)33 b(Barklo)m(w,)g(SLA)m(C-PUB-5364)f |
| | 48152 | (\(1990\))0 2717 y([Bar90a])163 b(V.Barger,)41 b(K.)f(Cheung,)i(T.)e |
| | 48153 | (Han)f(and)h(R.J.N.)f(Phillips,)g(Ph)m(ys.)i(Rev.)f Fo(D42)g |
| | 48154 | Fw(\(1990\))520 2825 y(3052)0 3015 y([Bar94])212 b(D.)29 |
| | 48155 | b(Bardin,)g(M.)h(Bilenky)-8 b(,)29 b(D.)g(Lehner,)i(A.)e(Olc)m(hevski)h |
| | 48156 | (and)f(T.)h(Riemann,)f(Nucl.)g(Ph)m(ys)520 3123 y Fo(B)p |
| | 48157 | Fw(,)j(Pro)s(c.)h(Suppl.)g Fo(37B)f Fw(\(1994\))f(148;)520 |
| | 48158 | 3232 y(D.)h(Bardin,)g(priv)-5 b(ate)32 b(comm)m(unication)0 |
| | 48159 | 3421 y([Bas78])212 b(C.)33 b(Basham,)f(L.)h(Bro)m(wn,)g(S.)g(Ellis)e |
| | 48160 | (and)h(S.)h(Lo)m(v)m(e,)h(Ph)m(ys.)g(Rev.)g(Lett.)e Fo(41)h |
| | 48161 | Fw(\(1978\))e(1585)0 3611 y([Bas83])212 b(A.)33 b(Bassetto,)g(M.)g |
| | 48162 | (Ciafaloni)d(and)j(G,)f(Marc)m(hesini,)h(Ph)m(ys.)h(Rep.)f |
| | 48163 | Fo(100)g Fw(\(1983\))e(202)0 3800 y([Bau90])196 b(U.)33 |
| | 48164 | b(Baur,)g(M.)g(Spira)e(and)i(P)-8 b(.)33 b(M.)g(Zerw)m(as,)g(Ph)m(ys.)i |
| | 48165 | (Rev.)e Fo(D42)f Fw(\(1990\))g(815)0 3990 y([Bee96])213 |
| | 48166 | b(W.)29 b(Beenakk)m(er)h(et)f(al.,)f(in)f(`Ph)m(ysics)j(at)e(LEP2',)i |
| | 48167 | (eds.)g(G.)d(Altarelli,)f(T.)j(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand)28 |
| | 48168 | b(and)520 4098 y(F.)k(Zwirner,)h(CERN)g(96-01)e(\(Genev)-5 |
| | 48169 | b(a,)33 b(1996\),)f(V)-8 b(ol.)31 b(1,)h(p.)h(79)0 4288 |
| | 48170 | y([Ben84])202 b(H.-U.)33 b(Bengtsson,)h(Computer)e(Ph)m(ysics)i(Comm)m |
| | 48171 | (un.)f Fo(31)f Fw(\(1984\))g(323)0 4478 y([Ben84a])153 |
| | 48172 | b(H.-U.)33 b(Bengtsson)g(and)g(G.)f(Ingelman,)g(LU)g(TP)i(84-3,)d |
| | 48173 | (Ref.TH.3820-CERN)i(\(1984\))0 4667 y([Ben85])202 b(H.-U.)41 |
| | 48174 | b(Bengtsson)h(and)f(G.)g(Ingelman,)h(Computer)f(Ph)m(ysics)h(Comm)m |
| | 48175 | (un.)f Fo(34)g Fw(\(1985\))520 4775 y(251)0 4965 y([Ben85a])153 |
| | 48176 | b(H.-U.)39 b(Bengtsson,)j(W.-S.)d(Hou,)i(A.)e(Soni)g(and)g(D.H.)f |
| | 48177 | (Stork,)k(Ph)m(ys.)e(Rev.)g(Lett.)f Fo(55)520 5073 y |
| | 48178 | Fw(\(1985\))32 b(2762)0 5263 y([Ben87])202 b(H.-U.)40 |
| | 48179 | b(Bengtsson)i(and)e(T.)h(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)43 b(Computer)d(Ph)m |
| | 48180 | (ysics)i(Comm)m(un.)e Fo(46)h Fw(\(1987\))520 5371 y(43)0 |
| | 48181 | 5561 y([Ben87a])153 b(M.)39 b(Bengtsson)h(and)f(T.)g(Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48182 | b(ostrand,)41 b(Ph)m(ys.)f(Lett.)f Fo(B185)f Fw(\(1987\))g(435;)j |
| | 48183 | (Nucl.)e(Ph)m(ys.)520 5669 y Fo(B289)32 b Fw(\(1987\))g(810)1817 |
| | 48184 | 5953 y(314)p eop |
| | 48185 | %%Page: 315 321 |
| | 48186 | 315 320 bop 0 -18 a Fw([Ben87b])148 b(M.)33 b(C.)g(Ben)m(to)g(and)g(C.) |
| | 48187 | g(H.)g(Llew)m(ellyn)f(Smith,)f(Nucl.)h(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B289)d |
| | 48188 | Fw(\(1987\))g(36)0 173 y([Ben88])202 b(M.)33 b(Bengtsson)h(and)f(T.)g |
| | 48189 | (Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(C37)f |
| | 48190 | Fw(\(1988\))e(465)0 364 y([Ber81])218 b(E.L.)33 b(Berger)g(and)g(D.)f |
| | 48191 | (Jones,)h(Ph)m(ys.)i(Rev.)e Fo(D23)g Fw(\(1981\))e(1521)0 |
| | 48192 | 556 y([Ber82])218 b(F.A.)37 b(Berends,)k(R.)c(Kleiss)g(and)g(S.)h |
| | 48193 | (Jadac)m(h,)h(Nucl.)e(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B202)d Fw(\(1982\))f(63;)j(Com-)520 |
| | 48194 | 664 y(puter)33 b(Ph)m(ysics)i(Comm)m(un.)d Fo(29)g Fw(\(1983\))g(185)0 |
| | 48195 | 855 y([Ber84])218 b(E.)33 b(L.)g(Berger,)g(E.)g(Braaten)f(and)h(R.)f |
| | 48196 | (D.)h(Field,)e(Nucl.)h(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(B239)f Fw(\(1984\))e(52)0 |
| | 48197 | 1047 y([Ber85])218 b(F.A.)33 b(Berends)h(and)e(R.)h(Kleiss,)f(Nucl.)g |
| | 48198 | (Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B260)d Fw(\(1985\))f(32)0 1238 y([Ber85a])169 |
| | 48199 | b(L.)33 b(Bergstr\177)-49 b(om)32 b(and)g(G.)h(Hulth,)f(Nucl.)g(Ph)m |
| | 48200 | (ys.)j Fo(B259)d Fw(\(1985\))f(137)0 1429 y([Ber89])218 |
| | 48201 | b(F.A.)33 b(Berends)i(et)f(al.,)e(in)h(`Z)f(Ph)m(ysics)j(at)e(LEP)h |
| | 48202 | (1',)g(eds.)g(G.)f(Altarelli,)d(R.)j(Kleiss)f(and)520 |
| | 48203 | 1538 y(C.)h(V)-8 b(erzegnassi,)34 b(CERN)f(89-08)e(\(Genev)-5 |
| | 48204 | b(a,)33 b(1989\),)f(V)-8 b(ol.)31 b(1,)h(p.)h(89)0 1729 |
| | 48205 | y([Bet89])218 b(S.)33 b(Bethk)m(e,)h(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)h |
| | 48206 | Fo(C43)e Fw(\(1989\))g(331)0 1920 y([Bet92])218 b(S.)27 |
| | 48207 | b(Bethk)m(e,)i(Z.)d(Kunszt,)i(D.E.)f(Sop)s(er)f(and)h(W.J.)f(Stirling,) |
| | 48208 | f(Nucl.)h(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B370)d Fw(\(1992\))520 2029 y(310)0 |
| | 48209 | 2220 y([Bia86])222 b(A.)33 b(Bia )-27 b(las)31 b(and)h(R.)h(P)m(esc)m |
| | 48210 | (hanski,)i(Nucl.)d(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B273)d Fw(\(1986\))f(703)0 |
| | 48211 | 2412 y([Bjo70])220 b(J.D.)32 b(Bjork)m(en)i(and)f(S.J.)g(Bro)s(dsky)-8 |
| | 48212 | b(,)33 b(Ph)m(ys.)i(Rev.)e Fo(D1)f Fw(\(1970\))g(1416)0 |
| | 48213 | 2603 y([Bot93])212 b(J.)33 b(Botts)g(et)f(al.,)g(Ph)m(ys.)i(Lett.)f |
| | 48214 | Fo(B304)g Fw(\(1993\))e(159)0 2794 y([Bo)m(w81])183 b(M.G.)33 |
| | 48215 | b(Bo)m(wler,)f(Z.)h(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(C11)f Fw(\(1981\))e(169)0 |
| | 48216 | 2986 y([Bra64])212 b(S.)46 b(Brandt,)j(Ch.)e(P)m(eyrou,)j(R.)c(Sosno)m |
| | 48217 | (wski)h(and)f(A.)g(W)-8 b(roblewski,)49 b(Ph)m(ys.)e(Lett.)f |
| | 48218 | Fo(12)520 3094 y Fw(\(1964\))32 b(57;)520 3202 y(E.)h(F)-8 |
| | 48219 | b(ahri,)31 b(Ph)m(ys.)k(Rev.)e(Lett.)g Fo(39)f Fw(\(1977\))g(1587)0 |
| | 48220 | 3394 y([Bra79])212 b(S.)33 b(Brandt)g(and)f(H.D.)h(Dahmen,)f(Z.)g(Ph)m |
| | 48221 | (ys.)i Fo(C1)f Fw(\(1979\))e(61)0 3585 y([Bru89])207 |
| | 48222 | b(R.)33 b(Brun)f(et)h(al.,)f(GEANT)h(3,)f(CERN)i(rep)s(ort)e |
| | 48223 | (DD/EE/84-1)f(\(1989\))0 3776 y([Bru93])207 b(P)-8 b(.)33 |
| | 48224 | b(Bruni)f(and)h(G.)f(Ingelman,)f(in)h(preparation)0 3968 |
| | 48225 | y([Cah84])195 b(R.N.)33 b(Cahn)g(and)g(S.)f(Da)m(wson,)h(Ph)m(ys.)i |
| | 48226 | (Lett.)e Fo(136B)f Fw(\(1984\))g(196;)520 4076 y(R.N.)h(Cahn,)g(Nucl.)f |
| | 48227 | (Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B255)d Fw(\(1985\))g(341;)520 4184 y(G.)g(Altarelli,)d |
| | 48228 | (B.)k(Mele)g(and)g(F.)f(Pitolli,)d(Nucl.)j(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48229 | Fo(B287)d Fw(\(1987\))g(205)0 4376 y([Cat91])211 b(S.)27 |
| | 48230 | b(Catani,)g(Y)-8 b(u.)26 b(L.)h(Dokshitzer,)g(M.)g(Olsson,)h(G.)e(T)-8 |
| | 48231 | b(urno)s(c)m(k)27 b(and)g(B.R.)f(W)-8 b(ebb)s(er,)29 |
| | 48232 | b(Ph)m(ys.)520 4484 y(Lett.)k Fo(B269)f Fw(\(1991\))g(432)0 |
| | 48233 | 4676 y([Chi90])216 b(P)-8 b(.)36 b(Chiapp)s(etta)g(and)g(M.)g(P)m |
| | 48234 | (errottet,)i(in)d(`Large)h(Hadron)g(Collider)e(W)-8 b(orkshop',)37 |
| | 48235 | b(eds.)520 4784 y(G.)32 b(Jarlsk)m(og)h(and)f(D.)g(Rein,)g(CERN)i |
| | 48236 | (90-10)d(\(Genev)-5 b(a,)33 b(1990\),)e(V)-8 b(ol.)32 |
| | 48237 | b(I)s(I,)g(p.)h(806)0 4975 y([Cha85])195 b(M.)33 b(Chano)m(witz)g(and)g |
| | 48238 | (M.K.)g(Gaillard,)c(Nucl.)j(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B261)d Fw(\(1985\))g(379)0 |
| | 48239 | 5167 y([Che75])201 b(M.-S.)33 b(Chen)h(and)e(P)-8 b(.)33 |
| | 48240 | b(Zerw)m(as,)h(Ph)m(ys.)g(Rev.)f Fo(D12)g Fw(\(1975\))e(187;)520 |
| | 48241 | 5275 y(P)-8 b(.)33 b(Zerw)m(as,)h(priv)-5 b(ate)31 b(comm)m(unication)g |
| | 48242 | (\(1991\))0 5466 y([Ch)m(u55])193 b(A.E.)33 b(Ch)m(udak)m(o)m(v,)i |
| | 48243 | (Izv.)f(Ak)-5 b(ad.)33 b(Nauk)g(SSSR,)g(Ser.)g(Fiz.)f |
| | 48244 | Fo(19)g Fw(\(1955\))g(650)1817 5953 y(315)p eop |
| | 48245 | %%Page: 316 322 |
| | 48246 | 316 321 bop 0 -18 a Fw([Cia87])221 b(M.)33 b(Ciafaloni,)d(Nucl.)i(Ph)m |
| | 48247 | (ys.)j Fo(B296)d Fw(\(1987\))f(249;)520 90 y(S.)i(Catani,)f(F.)g |
| | 48248 | (Fiorani)e(and)j(G.)f(Marc)m(hesini,)h(Nucl.)f(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48249 | Fo(B336)d Fw(\(1990\))f(18;)520 198 y(G.)h(Marc)m(hesini)h(and)g(B.R.)f |
| | 48250 | (W)-8 b(ebb)s(er,)34 b(Nucl.)e(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B349)d Fw(\(1991\))f(617)0 |
| | 48251 | 388 y([Cla79])221 b(L.)33 b(Cla)m(v)m(elli,)d(Ph)m(ys.)35 |
| | 48252 | b(Lett.)e Fo(B85)f Fw(\(1979\))f(111;)520 496 y(A.V.)i(Smilga,)d(Nucl.) |
| | 48253 | i(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B161)d Fw(\(1979\))g(449;)520 604 y(L.)h(Cla)m(v)m |
| | 48254 | (elli)d(and)j(D.)f(Wyler,)h(Ph)m(ys.)h(Lett.)f Fo(103B)f |
| | 48255 | Fw(\(1981\))g(383)0 794 y([Co)s(c91])203 b(D.)23 b(Co)s(colicc)m(hio,)g |
| | 48256 | (F.)g(F)-8 b(eruglio,)23 b(G.L.)f(F)-8 b(ogli)21 b(and)i(J.)g(T)-8 |
| | 48257 | b(erron,)26 b(Ph)m(ys.)e(Lett.)g Fo(B255)f Fw(\(1991\))520 |
| | 48258 | 902 y(599;)520 1011 y(F.)32 b(F)-8 b(eruglio,)31 b(priv)-5 |
| | 48259 | b(ate)32 b(comm)m(unication)e(\(1990\))0 1200 y([Com77])167 |
| | 48260 | b(B.L.)33 b(Com)m(bridge,)f(J.)h(Kripfganz)e(and)i(J.)g(Ranft,)f(Ph)m |
| | 48261 | (ys.)i(Lett.)f Fo(70B)f Fw(\(1977\))g(234;)520 1309 y(R.)h(Cutler)f |
| | 48262 | (and)h(D.)f(Siv)m(ers,)h(Ph)m(ys.)i(Rev.)e Fo(D17)f Fw(\(1978\))g(196)0 |
| | 48263 | 1498 y([Com79])167 b(B.L.)33 b(Com)m(bridge,)f(Nucl.)g(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48264 | Fo(B151)d Fw(\(1979\))g(429)0 1688 y([Con71])195 b(V.)33 |
| | 48265 | b(Constan)m(tini,)f(B.)h(de)g(T)-8 b(ollis)30 b(and)j(G.)f(Pistoni,)f |
| | 48266 | (Nuo)m(v)m(o)j(Cim.)d Fo(2A)i Fw(\(1971\))e(733)0 1877 |
| | 48267 | y([Dan82])190 b(D.)39 b(Danc)m(k)-5 b(aert,)40 b(P)-8 |
| | 48268 | b(.)39 b(De)g(Causmaec)m(k)m(er,)k(R.)38 b(Gastmans,)i(W.)f(T)-8 |
| | 48269 | b(ro)s(ost)39 b(and)g(T.T.)h(W)-8 b(u,)520 1986 y(Ph)m(ys.)35 |
| | 48270 | b(Lett.)d Fo(B114)h Fw(\(1982\))e(203)0 2175 y([DeR75])178 |
| | 48271 | b(A.)33 b(De)f(R)s(\023)-51 b(ujula,)31 b(H.)h(Georgi)f(and)i(S.L)g |
| | 48272 | (Glasho)m(w,)f(Ph)m(ys.)j(Rev.)e Fo(D12)f Fw(\(1975\))g(147)0 |
| | 48273 | 2365 y([Dic86])222 b(D.A.)33 b(Dicus)f(and)g(S.S.D.)h(Willen)m(bro)s(c) |
| | 48274 | m(k,)f(Ph)m(ys.)i(Rev.)f Fo(D34)g Fw(\(1986\))e(155)0 |
| | 48275 | 2555 y([Dic88])222 b(D.A.)33 b(Dicus)f(and)g(S.S.D.)h(Willen)m(bro)s(c) |
| | 48276 | m(k,)f(Ph)m(ys.)i(Rev.)f Fo(D37)g Fw(\(1988\))e(1801)0 |
| | 48277 | 2744 y([Din79])211 b(M.)33 b(Dine)f(and)h(J.)f(Sapirstein,)g(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48278 | (Rev.)e(Lett.)g Fo(43)f Fw(\(1979\))g(668;)520 2852 y(K.G.)g(Chet)m |
| | 48279 | (yrkin)i(et)f(al.,)f(Ph)m(ys.)i(Lett.)f Fo(B85)f Fw(\(1979\))g(277;)520 |
| | 48280 | 2961 y(W.)h(Celmaster)f(and)h(R.J.)f(Gonsalv)m(es,)i(Ph)m(ys.)g(Rev.)f |
| | 48281 | (Lett.)g Fo(44)g Fw(\(1980\))e(560)0 3150 y([Dob91])190 |
| | 48282 | b(A.)33 b(Dobado,)f(M.J.)h(Herrero)g(and)g(J.)f(T)-8 |
| | 48283 | b(erron,)33 b(Z.)g(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(C50)f Fw(\(1991\))e(205,)h |
| | 48284 | Fi(ibid.)g Fw(465)0 3340 y([Dok89])193 b(Y)-8 b(u.L.)41 |
| | 48285 | b(Dokshitzer,)h(V.A.)f(Khoze)f(and)h(S.I.)f(T)-8 b(ro)m(y)m(an,)44 |
| | 48286 | b(in)39 b(`P)m(erturbativ)m(e)j(QCD',)e(ed.)520 3448 |
| | 48287 | y(A.H.)33 b(Mueller)f(\(W)-8 b(orld)32 b(Scien)m(ti\014c,)g(Singap)s |
| | 48288 | (ore,)g(1989\),)g(p.)g(241)0 3638 y([Dok92])193 b(Y)-8 |
| | 48289 | b(u.L.)43 b(Dokshitzer,)i(V.A.)d(Khoze)h(and)g(T.)g(Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48290 | b(ostrand,)45 b(Ph)m(ys.)f(Lett.)e Fo(B274)h Fw(\(1992\))520 |
| | 48291 | 3746 y(116)0 3936 y([Don92])190 b(A.)33 b(Donnac)m(hie)f(and)h(P)-8 |
| | 48292 | b(.V.)33 b(Landsho\013,)g(Ph)m(ys.)h(Lett.)f Fo(B296)g |
| | 48293 | Fw(\(1992\))e(227)0 4125 y([Dre85])212 b(M.)33 b(Drees)g(and)g(K.)f |
| | 48294 | (Grassie,)h(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(C28)f Fw(\(1985\))e(451)0 |
| | 48295 | 4315 y([Dre89])212 b(M.)33 b(Drees,)g(J.)g(Ellis)e(and)h(D.)h(Zepp)s |
| | 48296 | (enfeld,)f(Ph)m(ys.)j(Lett.)d Fo(B223)h Fw(\(1989\))e(454)0 |
| | 48297 | 4505 y([Dre91])212 b(M.)33 b(Drees)g(and)g(C.S.)g(Kim,)e(Z.)h(Ph)m(ys.) |
| | 48298 | j Fo(C53)d Fw(\(1991\))g(673.)0 4694 y([Duk82])188 b(D.W.)33 |
| | 48299 | b(Duk)m(e)g(and)g(J.F.)f(Ow)m(ens,)i(Ph)m(ys.)h(Rev.)e |
| | 48300 | Fo(D26)g Fw(\(1982\))e(1600)0 4884 y([Dun86])185 b(M.J.)33 |
| | 48301 | b(Duncan,)g(G.L.)f(Kane)h(and)g(W.W.)g(Repk)m(o,)g(Nucl.)g(Ph)m(ys.)h |
| | 48302 | Fo(B272)f Fw(\(1986\))e(517)0 5073 y([Eic84])231 b(E.)35 |
| | 48303 | b(Eic)m(h)m(ten,)g(I.)g(Hinc)m(hli\013e,)e(K.)h(Lane)g(and)h(C.)f |
| | 48304 | (Quigg,)f(Rev.)i(Mo)s(d.)f(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(56)f Fw(\(1984\))520 |
| | 48305 | 5182 y(579;)d(Rev.)h(Mo)s(d.)g(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(58)f Fw(\(1985\))f(1065)0 |
| | 48306 | 5371 y([Eij90])244 b(B.)46 b(v)-5 b(an)46 b(Eijk)g(and)g(R.)g(Kleiss,)j |
| | 48307 | (in)c(`Large)h(Hadron)g(Collider)d(W)-8 b(orkshop',)51 |
| | 48308 | b(eds.)c(G.)520 5480 y(Jarlsk)m(og)32 b(and)h(D.)f(Rein,)g(CERN)i |
| | 48309 | (90-10)d(\(Genev)-5 b(a,)32 b(1990\),)g(V)-8 b(ol.)32 |
| | 48310 | b(I)s(I,)g(p.)h(183)0 5669 y([Ell76])246 b(J.)33 b(Ellis,)e(M.K.)i |
| | 48311 | (Gaillard)c(and)j(G.G.)g(Ross,)h(Nucl.)g(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(B111)e |
| | 48312 | Fw(\(1976\))g(253)1817 5953 y(316)p eop |
| | 48313 | %%Page: 317 323 |
| | 48314 | 317 322 bop 0 -18 a Fw([Ell79])246 b(J.)33 b(Ellis)e(and)h(I.)h |
| | 48315 | (Karliner,)e(Nucl.)h(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B148)d Fw(\(1979\))f(141)0 |
| | 48316 | 173 y([Ell81])246 b(R.K.)33 b(Ellis,)d(D.A.)j(Ross)g(and)f(A.E.)i(T)-8 |
| | 48317 | b(errano,)32 b(Nucl.)h(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(B178)f Fw(\(1981\))e(421)0 |
| | 48318 | 364 y([Ell86])246 b(R.K.)33 b(Ellis)d(and)j(J.C.)g(Sexton,)h(Nucl.)e |
| | 48319 | (Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(B269)f Fw(\(1986\))e(445)0 556 y([Ell88])246 |
| | 48320 | b(R.K.)35 b(Ellis,)g(I.)h(Hinc)m(hli\013e,)f(M.)h(Soldate)f(and)g(J.J.) |
| | 48321 | h(v)-5 b(an)36 b(der)g(Bij,)f(Nucl.)g(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B297)520 |
| | 48322 | 664 y Fw(\(1988\))32 b(221)0 855 y([F)-8 b(ab82])209 |
| | 48323 | b(K.)32 b(F)-8 b(abricius,)31 b(G.)h(Kramer,)g(G.)g(Sc)m(hierholz)g |
| | 48324 | (and)g(I.)h(Sc)m(hmitt,)e(Z.)h(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(C11)f Fw(\(1982\))520 |
| | 48325 | 964 y(315)0 1155 y([F)-8 b(ad90])209 b(V.)33 b(F)-8 b(adin,)31 |
| | 48326 | b(V.)i(Khoze)g(and)g(T.)g(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)i |
| | 48327 | Fo(C48)f Fw(\(1990\))e(613)0 1346 y([Fie78])233 b(R.D.)32 |
| | 48328 | b(Field)f(and)i(R.P)-8 b(.)33 b(F)-8 b(eynman,)32 b(Nucl.)g(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48329 | Fo(B136)d Fw(\(1978\))g(1)0 1538 y([F)-8 b(on81])209 |
| | 48330 | b(M.)33 b(F)-8 b(on)m(tannaz,)33 b(B.)f(Pire)h(and)f(D.)h(Sc)m(hi\013,) |
| | 48331 | f(Z.)g(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(C11)d Fw(\(1981\))g(211)0 1729 y([F)-8 |
| | 48332 | b(o)m(x79])215 b(G.C.)33 b(F)-8 b(o)m(x)32 b(and)h(S.)g(W)-8 |
| | 48333 | b(olfram,)30 b(Nucl.)j(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(B149)e Fw(\(1979\))g(413)0 |
| | 48334 | 1920 y([Gab86])188 b(E.)33 b(Gabrielli,)c(Mo)s(d.)k(Ph)m(ys.)h(Lett.)f |
| | 48335 | Fo(A1)f Fw(\(1986\))g(465)0 2112 y([Gae80])199 b(K.J.F.)33 |
| | 48336 | b(Gaemers)f(and)h(J.A.M.)g(V)-8 b(ermaseren,)33 b(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48337 | Fo(C7)d Fw(\(1980\))g(81)0 2303 y([Gas87])204 b(R.)33 |
| | 48338 | b(Gastmans,)f(W.)g(T)-8 b(ro)s(ost)33 b(and)g(T.T.)g(W)-8 |
| | 48339 | b(u,)33 b(Ph)m(ys.)i(Lett.)d Fo(B184)h Fw(\(1987\))e(257)0 |
| | 48340 | 2495 y([Glo88])214 b(E.W.N.)34 b(Glo)m(v)m(er,)e(A.D.)g(Martin)g(and)h |
| | 48341 | (W.J.)g(Stirling,)d(Z.)i(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(C38)d Fw(\(1988\))g(473)0 |
| | 48342 | 2686 y([Glu92])209 b(M.)33 b(Gl)s(\177)-51 b(uc)m(k,)32 |
| | 48343 | b(E.)h(Rey)m(a)g(and)g(A.)f(V)-8 b(ogt,)32 b(Z.)h(Ph)m(ys.)h |
| | 48344 | Fo(C53)f Fw(\(1992\))e(127)0 2877 y([Glu92a])160 b(M.)33 |
| | 48345 | b(Gl)s(\177)-51 b(uc)m(k,)32 b(E.)h(Rey)m(a)g(and)g(A.)f(V)-8 |
| | 48346 | b(ogt,)32 b(Z.)h(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(C53)f Fw(\(1992\))e(651)0 |
| | 48347 | 3069 y([Got82])204 b(T.D.)33 b(Gottsc)m(halk,)f(Ph)m(ys.)j(Lett.)e |
| | 48348 | Fo(B109)f Fw(\(1982\))f(331;)520 3177 y(T.D.)41 b(Gottsc)m(halk)f(and)h |
| | 48349 | (M.P)-8 b(.)42 b(Shatz,)h(Ph)m(ys.)f(Lett.)f Fo(B150)f |
| | 48350 | Fw(\(1985\))g(451,)i(CAL)-8 b(T-68-)520 3285 y(1172)32 |
| | 48351 | b(\(1984\))0 3477 y([Got86])204 b(T.D.)33 b(Gottsc)m(halk,)f(Nucl.)h |
| | 48352 | (Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(B277)e Fw(\(1986\))g(700)0 3668 y([Gri72])225 |
| | 48353 | b(V.N.)33 b(Grib)s(o)m(v)f(and)g(L.N.)h(Lipato)m(v,)f(So)m(v.)i(J.)e |
| | 48354 | (Nucl.)h(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(15)f Fw(\(1972\))e(438,)h Fi(ibid.)g |
| | 48355 | Fw(75;)520 3776 y(Y)-8 b(u.)33 b(L.)g(Dokshitzer,)f(So)m(v.)i(J.)e(Ph)m |
| | 48356 | (ys.)j(JETP)f Fo(46)e Fw(\(1977\))g(641)0 3968 y([Gri83])225 |
| | 48357 | b(L.V.)33 b(Grib)s(o)m(v,)f(E.M.)h(Levin)g(and)f(M.G.)h(Ryskin,)g(Ph)m |
| | 48358 | (ys.)i(Rep.)e Fo(100)f Fw(\(1983\))g(1)0 4159 y([Gro81])204 |
| | 48359 | b(T.R.)33 b(Grose)g(and)f(K.O.)h(Mik)-5 b(aelian,)30 |
| | 48360 | b(Ph)m(ys.)35 b(Rev.)e Fo(D23)f Fw(\(1981\))g(123)0 4351 |
| | 48361 | y([G)s(\177)-51 b(ul93])208 b(St.)23 b(G)s(\177)-51 b(ullenstern,)22 |
| | 48362 | b(P)-8 b(.)23 b(G\023)-49 b(ornic)m(ki,)23 b(L.)f(Mankiewicz)h(and)f |
| | 48363 | (A.)g(Sc)m(h\177)-49 b(afer,)26 b(Nucl.)c(Ph)m(ys.)i |
| | 48364 | Fo(A560)520 4459 y Fw(\(1993\))32 b(494)0 4650 y([Gun86])183 |
| | 48365 | b(J.F.)33 b(Gunion)e(and)i(Z.)f(Kunszt,)i(Ph)m(ys.)g(Rev.)f |
| | 48366 | Fo(D33)g Fw(\(1986\))e(665;)520 4759 y(errata)h(as)h(priv)-5 |
| | 48367 | b(ate)32 b(comm)m(unication)e(from)i(the)h(authors)0 |
| | 48368 | 4950 y([Gun87])183 b(J.F.)38 b(Gunion,)g(H.E.)h(Hab)s(er,)g(F.E.)f(P)m |
| | 48369 | (aige,)h(W.-K.)f(T)-8 b(ung)38 b(and)g(S.S.D.)g(Willen)m(bro)s(c)m(k,) |
| | 48370 | 520 5058 y(Nucl.)33 b(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(B294)e Fw(\(1987\))g(621)0 |
| | 48371 | 5250 y([Gun90])183 b(J.F.)27 b(Gunion,)f(H.E.)i(Hab)s(er,)f(G.)g(Kane)f |
| | 48372 | (and)h(S.)g(Da)m(wson,)h(The)f(Higgs)f(Hun)m(ter's)i(Guide)520 |
| | 48373 | 5358 y(\(Addison-W)-8 b(esley)g(,)33 b(1990\);)520 5466 |
| | 48374 | y(A.)g(Djouadi,)e(priv)-5 b(ate)32 b(comm)m(unication)e(\(1991\))0 |
| | 48375 | 5658 y([Gus82])199 b(G.)32 b(Gustafson,)h(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48376 | Fo(C15)d Fw(\(1982\))g(155)1817 5953 y(317)p eop |
| | 48377 | %%Page: 318 324 |
| | 48378 | 318 323 bop 0 -18 a Fw([Gut84])199 b(F.)32 b(Gutbro)s(d,)h(G.)f(Kramer) |
| | 48379 | f(and)i(G.)f(Sc)m(hierholz,)h(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(C21)f |
| | 48380 | Fw(\(1984\))e(235)0 173 y([Gut87])199 b(F.)29 b(Gutbro)s(d,)g(G.)f |
| | 48381 | (Kramer,)h(G.)f(Rudolph)g(and)h(G.)f(Sc)m(hierholz,)i(Z.)e(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48382 | Fo(C35)e Fw(\(1987\))520 281 y(543)0 473 y([Hag91])197 |
| | 48383 | b(K.)41 b(Hagiw)m(ara,)i(H.)e(Iw)m(asaki,)j(A.)d(Miy)m(amoto,)i(H.)e |
| | 48384 | (Mura)m(y)m(ama)g(and)h(D.)e(Zepp)s(enfeld,)520 581 y(Nucl.)33 |
| | 48385 | b(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(B365)e Fw(\(1991\))g(544)0 772 y([Hal78])218 |
| | 48386 | b(F.)32 b(Halzen)h(and)g(D.)f(M.)h(Scott,)f(Ph)m(ys.)j(Rev.)e |
| | 48387 | Fo(D18)g Fw(\(1978\))e(3378)0 964 y([Her)p Fm(bc)p Fw(])195 |
| | 48388 | b(Hero)s(dotus)33 b(of)f(Halicarnassus,)h(`The)g(Histories')f(\(circa)g |
| | 48389 | (430)g Fm(bc)p Fw(\),)520 1072 y(translation)37 b(to)h(English)g(e.g.)h |
| | 48390 | (b)m(y)h(A.)f(de)g(S)m(\023)-46 b(elincourt)38 b(\(1954\),)h(a)m(v)-5 |
| | 48391 | b(ailable)36 b(in)i(P)m(enguin)520 1180 y(Classics)0 |
| | 48392 | 1372 y([HER92])157 b(`Ph)m(ysics)35 b(at)d(HERA',)i(eds.)g(W)f(Buc)m |
| | 48393 | (hm)s(\177)-51 b(uller)31 b(and)i(G.)f(Ingelman)g(\(DESY,)h(Ham)m |
| | 48394 | (burg,)520 1480 y(1992\),)f(V)-8 b(ol.)31 b(3)0 1671 |
| | 48395 | y([Hew88])182 b(J.L.)34 b(Hew)m(ett)h(and)e(S.)h(P)m(akv)-5 |
| | 48396 | b(asa,)34 b(Ph)m(ys.)i(Rev.)e Fo(D37)f Fw(\(1988\))g(3165,)f(and)i |
| | 48397 | (priv)-5 b(ate)33 b(com-)520 1780 y(m)m(unication)e(from)g(the)i |
| | 48398 | (authors)0 1971 y([Ho)m(y79])198 b(P)-8 b(.)31 b(Ho)m(y)m(er,)i(P)-8 |
| | 48399 | b(.)31 b(Osland,)g(H.G.)g(Sander,)h(T.F.)f(W)-8 b(alsh)31 |
| | 48400 | b(and)g(P)-8 b(.M.)32 b(Zerw)m(as,)g(Nucl.)f(Ph)m(ys.)520 |
| | 48401 | 2079 y Fo(B161)h Fw(\(1979\))g(349)0 2271 y([Ing80])230 |
| | 48402 | b(G.)32 b(Ingelman)g(and)g(T.)h(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 |
| | 48403 | b(LUTP)h(80-12)d(\(1980\);)520 2379 y(G.)41 b(Ingelman,)h(in)e(`Ph)m |
| | 48404 | (ysics)j(at)d(HERA',)i(eds.)g(W.)f(Buc)m(hm)s(\177)-51 |
| | 48405 | b(uller)39 b(and)i(G.)g(Ingelman)520 2488 y(\(DESY,)33 |
| | 48406 | b(Ham)m(burg,)f(1992\),)g(V)-8 b(ol.)31 b(3,)i(p.)f(1366)0 |
| | 48407 | 2679 y([Ing85])230 b(G.)32 b(Ingelman)g(and)g(P)-8 b(.E.)34 |
| | 48408 | b(Sc)m(hlein,)e(Ph)m(ys.)j(Lett.)d Fo(152B)h Fw(\(1985\))e(256)0 |
| | 48409 | 2870 y([Ing87])230 b(G.)32 b(Ingelman,)g(Computer)g(Ph)m(ysics)j(Comm)m |
| | 48410 | (un.)d Fo(46)g Fw(\(1987\))g(217)0 3062 y([Ing87a])181 |
| | 48411 | b(G.)32 b(Ingelman)g(and)g(A.)h(W)-8 b(eigend,)33 b(Computer)f(Ph)m |
| | 48412 | (ysics)j(Comm)m(un.)d Fo(46)g Fw(\(1987\))g(241)0 3253 |
| | 48413 | y([Ing87b])176 b(G.)30 b(Ingelman)g(et)g(al.,)g(in)g(`Pro)s(ceedings)h |
| | 48414 | (of)f(the)h(HERA)g(W)-8 b(orkshop',)32 b(ed.)f(R.D.)f(P)m(eccei)520 |
| | 48415 | 3361 y(\(DESY,)j(Ham)m(burg,)f(1988\),)g(V)-8 b(ol.)31 |
| | 48416 | b(1,)i(p.)f(3)0 3553 y([Ing88])230 b(G.)32 b(Ingelman)g(and)g(G.A.)h |
| | 48417 | (Sc)m(h)m(uler,)g(Z.)g(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(C40)e Fw(\(1988\))g(299;)520 |
| | 48418 | 3661 y(G.)39 b(Ingelman)g(and)g(G.A.)h(Sc)m(h)m(uler,)i(in)d(`Ph)m |
| | 48419 | (ysics)i(at)e(HERA',)h(eds.)h(W.)e(Buc)m(hm)s(\177)-51 |
| | 48420 | b(uller)520 3769 y(and)33 b(G.)f(Ingelman)f(\(DESY,)i(Ham)m(burg,)f |
| | 48421 | (1992\),)g(V)-8 b(ol.)31 b(3,)i(p.)g(1346)0 3961 y([Iof78])254 |
| | 48422 | b(B.L.)33 b(Io\013e,)g(Ph)m(ys.)h(Lett.)f Fo(78B)f Fw(\(1978\))g(277)0 |
| | 48423 | 4152 y([JAD86])170 b(JADE)33 b(Collab)s(oration,)c(W.)k(Bartel)f(et)g |
| | 48424 | (al.,)g(Z.)g(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(C33)d Fw(\(1986\))g(23;)520 |
| | 48425 | 4260 y(S.)h(Bethk)m(e,)h(Habilitation)29 b(thesis,)k(LBL)g(50-208)d |
| | 48426 | (\(1987\))0 4452 y([JAD88])170 b(JADE)33 b(Collab)s(oration,)c(S.)k |
| | 48427 | (Bethk)m(e)h(et)f(al.,)e(Ph)m(ys.)k(Lett.)e Fo(B213)f |
| | 48428 | Fw(\(1988\))f(235;)520 4560 y(T)-8 b(ASSO)31 b(Collab)s(oration,)c(W.)k |
| | 48429 | (Braunsc)m(h)m(w)m(eig)h(et)e(al.,)g(Ph)m(ys.)i(Lett.)e |
| | 48430 | Fo(214B)g Fw(\(1988\))f(286)0 4752 y([Jam80])187 b(F.)32 |
| | 48431 | b(James,)h(Rep.)g(Prog.)f(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(43)e Fw(\(1980\))e(1145)0 |
| | 48432 | 4943 y([Jam90])187 b(F.)32 b(James,)h(Computer)g(Ph)m(ysics)h(Comm)m |
| | 48433 | (un.)e Fo(60)h Fw(\(1990\))e(329)0 5134 y([Jer81])237 |
| | 48434 | b(J.)33 b(Jers\023)-49 b(ak,)34 b(E.)f(Laermann)f(and)g(P)-8 |
| | 48435 | b(.M.)34 b(Zerw)m(as,)f(Ph)m(ys.)i(Rev.)e Fo(D25)f Fw(\(1982\))g(1218)0 |
| | 48436 | 5326 y([Jun97])210 b(H.)33 b(Jung,)g(priv)-5 b(ate)32 |
| | 48437 | b(comm)m(unication;)520 5434 y(H.)h(Kharraziha,)e(priv)-5 |
| | 48438 | b(ate)32 b(comm)m(unication)0 5625 y([Kat83])205 b(M.)33 |
| | 48439 | b(Katuy)m(a,)g(Ph)m(ys.)i(Lett.)d Fo(124B)h Fw(\(1983\))e(421)1817 |
| | 48440 | 5953 y(318)p eop |
| | 48441 | %%Page: 319 325 |
| | 48442 | 319 324 bop 0 -18 a Fw([Kho96])189 b(V.A.)33 b(Khoze)g(and)g(T.)g |
| | 48443 | (Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(C70)f |
| | 48444 | Fw(\(1996\))f(625.)0 173 y([Kle89])221 b(R.)46 b(Kleiss)e(et)i(al.,)i |
| | 48445 | (in)d(`Z)g(ph)m(ysics)i(at)f(LEP)g(1',)j(eds.)d(G.)g(Altarelli,)f(R.)g |
| | 48446 | (Kleiss)g(and)520 281 y(C.)33 b(V)-8 b(erzegnassi,)34 |
| | 48447 | b(CERN)f(89-08)e(\(Genev)-5 b(a,)33 b(1989\),)f(V)-8 |
| | 48448 | b(ol.)31 b(3,)h(p.)h(143)0 473 y([Kni89])210 b(B.A.)33 |
| | 48449 | b(Kniehl)e(and)i(J.H.)g(K)s(\177)-51 b(uhn,)32 b(Ph)m(ys.)i(Lett.)f |
| | 48450 | Fo(B224)g Fw(\(1989\))e(229)0 664 y([Kno93])189 b(I.G.)41 |
| | 48451 | b(Kno)m(wles)h(and)g(S.D.)f(Protop)s(op)s(escu,)j(in)d(`W)-8 |
| | 48452 | b(orkshop)42 b(on)f(Ph)m(ysics)i(at)e(Curren)m(t)520 |
| | 48453 | 772 y(Accelerators)c(and)f(Sup)s(ercolliders',)g(eds.)h(J.L.)f(Hew)m |
| | 48454 | (ett,)i(A.R.)e(White)g(and)g(D.)g(Zep-)520 881 y(p)s(enfeld,)d |
| | 48455 | (ANL-HEP-CP-93-92)e(\(Argonne,)i(1993\),)f(p.)h(651)0 |
| | 48456 | 1072 y([Kol78])215 b(K.)33 b(Koller)d(and)j(T.F.)g(W)-8 |
| | 48457 | b(alsh,)32 b(Nucl.)g(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B140)d Fw(\(1978\))g(449)0 |
| | 48458 | 1263 y([K\177)-49 b(or85])205 b(J.G.)33 b(K\177)-49 b(orner)32 |
| | 48459 | b(and)h(G.)f(Sc)m(h)m(uler,)h(Z.)g(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(C26)f |
| | 48460 | Fw(\(1985\))e(559)0 1455 y([Kra88])205 b(G.)23 b(Kramer)f(and)h(B.)g |
| | 48461 | (Lamp)s(e,)h(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(C39)e Fw(\(1988\))f(101;)j(F)-8 |
| | 48462 | b(ortsc)m(hr.)24 b(Ph)m(ys.)h Fo(37)e Fw(\(1989\))520 |
| | 48463 | 1563 y(161)0 1754 y([Krz72])211 b(A.)33 b(Krzywic)m(ki)g(and)f(B.)h(P)m |
| | 48464 | (etersson,)i(Ph)m(ys.)f(Rev.)g Fo(D6)e Fw(\(1972\))g(924;)520 |
| | 48465 | 1863 y(J.)h(Fink)m(elstein)f(and)g(R.D.)g(P)m(eccei,)i(Ph)m(ys.)h(Rev.) |
| | 48466 | e Fo(D6)f Fw(\(1972\))g(2606;)520 1971 y(F.)g(Niederma)m(y)m(er,)i |
| | 48467 | (Nucl.)e(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(B79)f Fw(\(1974\))e(355;)520 2079 |
| | 48468 | y(A.)i(Casher,)h(J.)e(Kogut)g(and)h(L.)g(Susskind,)h(Ph)m(ys.)g(Rev.)f |
| | 48469 | Fo(D10)g Fw(\(1974\))e(732)0 2271 y([K)s(\177)-51 b(uh89])183 |
| | 48470 | b(J.H.)33 b(K)s(\177)-51 b(uhn)32 b(et)g(al.,)g(in)f(`Z)h(Ph)m(ysics)i |
| | 48471 | (at)e(LEP)h(1',)f(eds.)i(G.)e(Altarelli,)d(R.)j(Kleiss)g(and)g(C.)520 |
| | 48472 | 2379 y(V)-8 b(erzegnassi,)34 b(CERN)f(89-08)e(\(Genev)-5 |
| | 48473 | b(a,)33 b(1989\),)e(V)-8 b(ol.)32 b(1,)g(p.)h(267)0 2571 |
| | 48474 | y([Kun81])184 b(Z.)32 b(Kunszt,)i(Ph)m(ys.)g(Lett.)f |
| | 48475 | Fo(B99)f Fw(\(1981\))g(429;)g(Ph)m(ys.)i(Lett.)f Fo(B107)f |
| | 48476 | Fw(\(1981\))g(123)0 2762 y([Kun84])184 b(Z.)32 b(Kunszt,)i(Nucl.)e(Ph)m |
| | 48477 | (ys.)j Fo(B247)d Fw(\(1984\))g(339)0 2953 y([Kun87])184 |
| | 48478 | b(Z.)35 b(Kunszt)i(et)f(al.,)f(in)g(`Pro)s(ceedings)h(of)f(the)h(W)-8 |
| | 48479 | b(orkshop)36 b(on)g(Ph)m(ysics)h(at)e(F)-8 b(uture)36 |
| | 48480 | b(Ac-)520 3062 y(celerators',)g(ed.)f(J.H.)g(Mulv)m(ey)-8 |
| | 48481 | b(,)36 b(CERN)g(87-08)d(\(1987\),)h(V)-8 b(ol.)34 b(I,)h(p.)g(123,)f |
| | 48482 | (and)h(priv)-5 b(ate)520 3170 y(comm)m(unication)0 3361 |
| | 48483 | y([Lae80])215 b(E.)23 b(Laermann,)i(K.H.)e(Streng)g(and)g(P)-8 |
| | 48484 | b(.M.)23 b(Zerw)m(as,)j(Z.)c(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(C3)e Fw(\(1980\))f(289;)j |
| | 48485 | (Erratum)520 3470 y(Z.)32 b(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(C52)d Fw(\(1991\))g(352)0 |
| | 48486 | 3661 y([Lan91])204 b(K.)33 b(Lane,)g(priv)-5 b(ate)31 |
| | 48487 | b(comm)m(unication)g(\(1991\))0 3852 y([LEP90])175 b(OP)-8 |
| | 48488 | b(AL)33 b(Collab)s(oration,)c(M.Z.)k(Akra)m(wy)h(et)f(al.,)e(Z.)h(Ph)m |
| | 48489 | (ys)j Fo(C47)d Fw(\(1990\))g(505;)520 3961 y(L3)g(Collab)s(oration,)e |
| | 48490 | (B.)i(Adev)-5 b(a)33 b(et)g(al.,)f(Z.)g(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(C55)f |
| | 48491 | Fw(\(1992\))e(39;)520 4069 y(ALEPH)j(Collab)s(oration,)29 |
| | 48492 | b(D.)j(Buskulic)g(et)h(al.,)f(Z.)g(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(C55)f |
| | 48493 | Fw(\(1992\))f(209)0 4260 y([Lev90])213 b(E.M.)34 b(Levin)e(and)h(M.G.)g |
| | 48494 | (Ryskin,)g(Ph)m(ys.)h(Rep.)f Fo(189)g Fw(\(1990\))e(267)0 |
| | 48495 | 4452 y([L\177)-49 b(or89])220 b(B.)33 b(L\177)-49 b(orstad,)33 |
| | 48496 | b(In)m(t.)g(J.)f(of)h(Mo)s(d.)f(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(A4)d Fw(\(1989\))f(2861)0 |
| | 48497 | 4643 y([Lus91])215 b(M.)33 b(Lusignoli)d(and)j(M.)g(Masetti,)g(Z.)f(Ph) |
| | 48498 | m(ysik)i Fo(C51)e Fw(\(1991\))g(549)0 4835 y([Mag89])181 |
| | 48499 | b(N.)47 b(Magn)m(ussen,)53 b(Ph.D.)47 b(Thesis,)k(Univ)m(ersit)m(y)d |
| | 48500 | (of)e(W)-8 b(upp)s(ertal)46 b(WUB-DI)h(88-4)e(and)520 |
| | 48501 | 4943 y(DESY)33 b(F22-89-01)d(\(1989\);)520 5051 y(G.)i(Kramer)g(and)h |
| | 48502 | (N.)f(Magn)m(ussen,)j(Z.)d(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(C49)d Fw(\(1991\))g(301)0 |
| | 48503 | 5243 y([MAR79])134 b(MARK)33 b(J)f(Collab)s(oration,)e(D.P)-8 |
| | 48504 | b(.)32 b(Barb)s(er)h(et)f(al.,)g(Ph)m(ys.)i(Rev.)g(Lett.)e |
| | 48505 | Fo(43)h Fw(\(1979\))f(830)0 5434 y([Mar88])192 b(G.)32 |
| | 48506 | b(Marc)m(hesini)h(and)g(B.R.)f(W)-8 b(ebb)s(er,)34 b(Nucl.)e(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48507 | Fo(B310)d Fw(\(1988\))f(571;)520 5542 y(G.)25 b(Marc)m(hesini,)i(B.R.)f |
| | 48508 | (W)-8 b(ebb)s(er,)28 b(M.H.)e(Seymour,)h(G.)e(Abbiendi,)i(L.)e(Stanco)h |
| | 48509 | (and)g(I.G.)520 5651 y(Kno)m(wles,)33 b(Computer)g(Ph)m(ysics)h(Comm)m |
| | 48510 | (un.)e Fo(67)h Fw(\(1992\))e(465)1817 5953 y(319)p eop |
| | 48511 | %%Page: 320 326 |
| | 48512 | 320 325 bop 0 -18 a Fw([Mar90])192 b(G.)32 b(Marsaglia,)f(A.)i(Zaman)e |
| | 48513 | (and)i(W.-W.)f(Tsang,)i(Stat.)e(Prob.)h(Lett.)g Fo(9)f |
| | 48514 | Fw(\(1990\))g(35)0 173 y([Mon79])176 b(I.)33 b(Mon)m(tv)-5 |
| | 48515 | b(a)m(y)d(,)34 b(Ph)m(ys.)g(Lett.)f Fo(B84)f Fw(\(1979\))g(331)0 |
| | 48516 | 364 y([Mor89])192 b(D.A.)33 b(Morris,)f(Nucl.)g(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48517 | Fo(B313)d Fw(\(1989\))f(634)0 556 y([Mue81])182 b(A.H.)33 |
| | 48518 | b(Mueller,)f(Ph)m(ys.)j(Lett.)d Fo(104B)h Fw(\(1981\))e(161;)520 |
| | 48519 | 664 y(B.I.)i(Ermolaev,)f(V.S.)h(F)-8 b(adin,)31 b(JETP)j(Lett.)f |
| | 48520 | Fo(33)f Fw(\(1981\))g(269)0 855 y([Nil87])239 b(B.)26 |
| | 48521 | b(Nilsson-Almqvist)e(and)i(E.)h(Stenlund,)h(Computer)e(Ph)m(ysics)i |
| | 48522 | (Comm)m(un.)d Fo(43)i Fw(\(1987\))520 964 y(387;)520 |
| | 48523 | 1072 y(H.)33 b(Pi,)f(Computer)h(Ph)m(ysics)h(Comm)m(un.)e |
| | 48524 | Fo(71)h Fw(\(1992\))e(173)0 1263 y([Ols80])226 b(H.A.)33 |
| | 48525 | b(Olsen,)g(P)-8 b(.)33 b(Osland)f(and)g(I.)h(\037v)m(erb\034,)h(Nucl.)e |
| | 48526 | (Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(B171)d Fw(\(1980\))f(209)0 1455 y([OP)-8 |
| | 48527 | b(A91])161 b(OP)-8 b(AL)33 b(Collab)s(oration,)c(M.Z.)k(Akra)m(wy)h(et) |
| | 48528 | f(al.,)e(Z.)h(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(C49)d Fw(\(1991\))g(375)0 |
| | 48529 | 1646 y([OP)-8 b(A92])161 b(OP)-8 b(AL)33 b(Collab)s(oration,)c(P)-8 |
| | 48530 | b(.D.)33 b(Acton)f(et)h(al.,)f(Ph)m(ys.)i(Lett.)f Fo(B276)f |
| | 48531 | Fw(\(1992\))g(547)0 1837 y([Ow)m(e84])182 b(J.F.)33 b(Ow)m(ens,)h(Ph)m |
| | 48532 | (ys.)g(Rev.)g Fo(D30)e Fw(\(1984\))g(943)0 2029 y([P)m(ar78])218 |
| | 48533 | b(G.)32 b(P)m(arisi,)g(Ph)m(ys.)i(Lett.)f Fo(74B)f Fw(\(1978\))g(65;) |
| | 48534 | 520 2137 y(J.F.)h(Donogh)m(ue,)f(F.E.)h(Lo)m(w)g(and)g(S.Y.)g(Pi,)f(Ph) |
| | 48535 | m(ys.)i(Rev.)g Fo(D20)e Fw(\(1979\))g(2759)0 2329 y([PDG86])150 |
| | 48536 | b(P)m(article)32 b(Data)f(Group,)i(M.)g(Aguilar-Benitez)d(et)j(al.,)e |
| | 48537 | (Ph)m(ys.)k(Lett.)e Fo(B170)f Fw(\(1986\))f(1)0 2520 |
| | 48538 | y([PDG88])150 b(P)m(article)32 b(Data)f(Group,)i(G.)f(P)-8 |
| | 48539 | b(.)33 b(Y)-8 b(ost)32 b(et)h(al.,)f(Ph)m(ys.)i(Lett.)f |
| | 48540 | Fo(B204)f Fw(\(1988\))g(1)0 2711 y([PDG92])150 b(P)m(article)32 |
| | 48541 | b(Data)f(Group,)i(K.)f(Hik)-5 b(asa)32 b(et)h(al.,)e(Ph)m(ys.)k(Rev.)e |
| | 48542 | Fo(D45)g Fw(\(1992\))e(S1)0 2903 y([P)m(et83])224 b(C.)34 |
| | 48543 | b(P)m(eterson,)h(D.)e(Sc)m(hlatter,)g(I.)g(Sc)m(hmitt)g(and)g(P)-8 |
| | 48544 | b(.)33 b(Zerw)m(as,)i(Ph)m(ys.)g(Rev.)e Fo(D27)h Fw(\(1983\))520 |
| | 48545 | 3011 y(105)0 3202 y([P)m(et88])224 b(U.)33 b(P)m(ettersson,)i(LU)d(TP)i |
| | 48546 | (88-5)d(\(1988\);)520 3311 y(L.)i(L\177)-49 b(onn)m(blad)32 |
| | 48547 | b(and)h(U.)f(P)m(ettersson,)j(LU)e(TP)g(88-15)e(\(1988\);)520 |
| | 48548 | 3419 y(L.)i(L\177)-49 b(onn)m(blad,)32 b(Computer)h(Ph)m(ysics)h(Comm)m |
| | 48549 | (un.)e Fo(71)h Fw(\(1992\))e(15)0 3610 y([Plo93])225 |
| | 48550 | b(H.)33 b(Plotho)m(w-Besc)m(h,)h(Computer)e(Ph)m(ysics)j(Comm)m(un.)d |
| | 48551 | Fo(75)g Fw(\(1993\))g(396)0 3802 y([Sam91])183 b(M.A.)39 |
| | 48552 | b(Sam)m(uel,)g(G.)g(Li,)g(N.)f(Sinha,)i(R.)e(Sinha)g(and)g(M.K.)h |
| | 48553 | (Sundaresan,)i(Ph)m(ys.)g(Rev.)520 3910 y(Lett.)33 b |
| | 48554 | Fo(67)g Fw(\(1991\))e(9;)h(ERRA)-8 b(TUM)34 b Fi(ibid.)e |
| | 48555 | Fw(2920)0 4101 y([Sc)m(h80])220 b(G.)32 b(Sc)m(hierholz)h(and)f(D.H.)h |
| | 48556 | (Sc)m(hiller,)e(DESY)i(80/88)e(\(1980\);)520 4210 y(J.G.)i(K\177)-49 |
| | 48557 | b(orner)32 b(and)h(D.H.)f(Sc)m(hiller,)f(DESY)i(81-043)e(\(1981\);)520 |
| | 48558 | 4318 y(K.)i(Koller,)d(D.H.)j(Sc)m(hiller)e(and)h(D.)h(W\177)-49 |
| | 48559 | b(ahner,)33 b(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)j Fo(C12)d Fw(\(1982\))g(273)0 |
| | 48560 | 4510 y([Sc)m(h92])220 b(G.A.)34 b(Sc)m(h)m(uler)i(and)e(J.)h(T)-8 |
| | 48561 | b(erron,)35 b(in)f(`Ph)m(ysics)i(at)f(HERA',)g(eds.)g(W.)g(Buc)m(hm)s |
| | 48562 | (\177)-51 b(uller)32 b(and)520 4618 y(G.)g(Ingelman)g(\(DESY,)g(Ham)m |
| | 48563 | (burg,)h(1992\),)e(V)-8 b(ol.)32 b(1,)g(p.)h(599)0 4809 |
| | 48564 | y([Sc)m(h93])220 b(G.A.)33 b(Sc)m(h)m(uler)g(and)g(T.)g(Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48565 | b(ostrand,)33 b(Ph)m(ys.)h(Lett.)f Fo(B300)f Fw(\(1993\))g(169)0 |
| | 48566 | 5001 y([Sc)m(h93a])171 b(G.A.)33 b(Sc)m(h)m(uler)g(and)g(T.)g(Sj\177) |
| | 48567 | -49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Nucl.)f(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(B407)f Fw(\(1993\))e(539)0 |
| | 48568 | 5192 y([Sc)m(h94])220 b(G.A.)33 b(Sc)m(h)m(uler)g(and)g(T.)g(Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48569 | b(ostrand,)33 b(Ph)m(ys.)h(Rev.)f Fo(D49)g Fw(\(1994\))e(2257)0 |
| | 48570 | 5383 y([Sc)m(h94a])171 b(G.A.)38 b(Sc)m(h)m(uler)g(and)g(T.)h(Sj\177) |
| | 48571 | -49 b(ostrand,)39 b(in)e(`W)-8 b(orkshop)39 b(on)f(Tw)m(o-Photon)g(Ph)m |
| | 48572 | (ysics)i(from)520 5492 y(D)m(APHNE)45 b(to)g(LEP200)f(and)h(Bey)m |
| | 48573 | (ond',)k(eds.)c(F.)f(Kapusta)h(and)f(J.)h(P)m(arisi)e(\(W)-8 |
| | 48574 | b(orld)520 5600 y(Scien)m(ti\014c,)33 b(Singap)s(ore,)e(1994\),)h(p.)h |
| | 48575 | (163)1817 5953 y(320)p eop |
| | 48576 | %%Page: 321 327 |
| | 48577 | 321 326 bop 0 -18 a Fw([Sc)m(h95])220 b(G.A.)33 b(Sc)m(h)m(uler)g(and)g |
| | 48578 | (T.)g(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(C68)f |
| | 48579 | Fw(\(1995\))e(607.)0 172 y([Sc)m(h97])220 b(G.A.)33 b(Sc)m(h)m(uler)g |
| | 48580 | (and)g(T.)g(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)i |
| | 48581 | Fo(C73)f Fw(\(1997\))e(677.)0 363 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o78])235 |
| | 48582 | b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(B.)g(S\177)-49 b(oderb)s(erg,)33 |
| | 48583 | b(LU)f(TP)i(78-18)d(\(1978\))0 554 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o79])235 |
| | 48584 | b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(LU)g(TP)g(79-8)e(\(1979\))0 |
| | 48585 | 745 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o80])235 b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 |
| | 48586 | b(LU)g(TP)g(80-3)e(\(1980\))0 935 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o82])235 |
| | 48587 | b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Computer)g(Ph)m(ysics)h(Comm)m |
| | 48588 | (un.)e Fo(27)h Fw(\(1982\))e(243)0 1126 y([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48589 | b(o83])235 b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Computer)g(Ph)m(ysics)h |
| | 48590 | (Comm)m(un.)e Fo(28)h Fw(\(1983\))e(229)0 1317 y([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48591 | b(o84])235 b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Nucl.)g(Ph)m(ys.)h |
| | 48592 | Fo(B248)e Fw(\(1984\))g(469)0 1508 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o84a])186 |
| | 48593 | b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Z.)f(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48594 | Fo(C26)d Fw(\(1984\))g(93;)520 1616 y(M.)h(Bengtsson,)h(T.)f(Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48595 | b(ostrand)33 b(and)g(M.)g(v)-5 b(an)32 b(Zijl,)e(Ph)m(ys.)35 |
| | 48596 | b(Lett.)e Fo(B179)f Fw(\(1986\))f(164)0 1807 y([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48597 | b(o85])235 b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Ph)m(ys.)i(Lett.)d |
| | 48598 | Fo(157B)h Fw(\(1985\))e(321;)520 1915 y(M.)i(Bengtsson,)h(T.)f(Sj\177) |
| | 48599 | -49 b(ostrand)33 b(and)g(M.)g(v)-5 b(an)32 b(Zijl,)e(Z.)j(Ph)m(ys.)h |
| | 48600 | Fo(C32)f Fw(\(1986\))e(67)0 2106 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o86])235 |
| | 48601 | b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Computer)g(Ph)m(ysics)h(Comm)m |
| | 48602 | (un.)e Fo(39)h Fw(\(1986\))e(347)0 2297 y([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48603 | b(o87])235 b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand)33 b(and)g(M.)g(Bengtsson,)h |
| | 48604 | (Computer)e(Ph)m(ysics)j(Comm)m(un.)d Fo(43)g Fw(\(1987\))g(367)0 |
| | 48605 | 2487 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o87a])186 b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand)33 |
| | 48606 | b(and)g(M.)g(v)-5 b(an)32 b(Zijl,)e(Ph)m(ys.)35 b(Rev.)e |
| | 48607 | Fo(D36)g Fw(\(1987\))e(2019)0 2678 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o88])235 |
| | 48608 | b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(In)m(t.)g(J.)g(Mo)s(d.)g(Ph)m(ys.) |
| | 48609 | h Fo(A3)e Fw(\(1988\))g(751)0 2869 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o89])235 |
| | 48610 | b(T.)37 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand)36 b(et)g(al.,)g(in)f(`Z)g(ph)m(ysics)j |
| | 48611 | (at)d(LEP)i(1',)g(eds.)g(G.)e(Altarelli,)e(R.)j(Kleiss)f(and)520 |
| | 48612 | 2977 y(C.)e(V)-8 b(erzegnassi,)34 b(CERN)f(89-08)e(\(Genev)-5 |
| | 48613 | b(a,)33 b(1989\),)f(V)-8 b(ol.)31 b(3,)h(p.)h(143)0 3168 |
| | 48614 | y([Sj\177)-49 b(o92])235 b(T.)37 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)37 |
| | 48615 | b(in)f(`1991)f(CERN)i(Sc)m(ho)s(ol)e(of)h(Computing',)g(ed.)h(C.)g(V)-8 |
| | 48616 | b(erk)m(erk,)39 b(CERN)520 3276 y(92-02)31 b(\(Genev)-5 |
| | 48617 | b(a,)33 b(1992\),)f(p.)h(227)0 3467 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o92a])186 |
| | 48618 | b(T.)35 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand)35 b(and)g(P)-8 b(.M.)36 |
| | 48619 | b(Zerw)m(as,)g(in)e(`e)2064 3431 y Fl(+)2123 3467 y Fw(e)2166 |
| | 48620 | 3431 y Fk(\000)2261 3467 y Fw(Collisions)e(at)i(500)g(GeV:)h(The)h(Ph)m |
| | 48621 | (ysics)520 3576 y(P)m(oten)m(tial',)c(ed)h(P)-8 b(.M.)33 |
| | 48622 | b(Zerw)m(as,)h(DESY)f(92-123)e(\(Ham)m(burg,)h(1992\),)f(P)m(art)i(A,)g |
| | 48623 | (p.)g(463;)520 3684 y(T.)c(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)29 b(in)f(`Pro)s |
| | 48624 | (ceedings)h(of)e(the)i(1992)e(W)-8 b(orkshops)30 b(on)e(High-Energy)g |
| | 48625 | (Ph)m(ysics)520 3792 y(with)44 b(Colliding)e(Beams',)47 |
| | 48626 | b(ed.)e(J.)g(Rogers,)j(SLA)m(C)d(Rep)s(ort-428)e(\(Stanford,)k(1993\),) |
| | 48627 | 520 3901 y(V)-8 b(ol.)32 b(2,)g(p.)h(445;)520 4009 y(V.A.)g(Khoze)g |
| | 48628 | (and)g(T.)g(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(Ph)m(ys.)h(Lett.)f |
| | 48629 | Fo(B328)f Fw(\(1994\))g(466)0 4200 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o92b])181 |
| | 48630 | b(T.)44 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)45 b(in)e(`Ph)m(ysics)h(at)f(HERA',)g |
| | 48631 | (eds.)h(W)f(Buc)m(hm)s(\177)-51 b(uller)41 b(and)i(G.)g(Ingelman)520 |
| | 48632 | 4308 y(\(DESY,)33 b(Ham)m(burg,)f(1992\),)g(V)-8 b(ol.)31 |
| | 48633 | b(3,)i(p.)f(1405)0 4499 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o92c])192 b(T.)59 |
| | 48634 | b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)66 b(in)58 b(`W)-8 b(orkshop)60 |
| | 48635 | b(on)e(Photon)h(Radiation)d(from)i(Quarks',)66 b(ed.)59 |
| | 48636 | b(S.)520 4607 y(Cart)m(wrigh)m(t,)33 b(CERN)g(92-04)e(\(Genev)-5 |
| | 48637 | b(a,)33 b(1992\),)f(p.)h(89)f(and)g(p.)h(103)0 4798 y([Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48638 | b(o92d])181 b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 b(ostrand,)33 b(CERN-TH.6488/92)f |
| | 48639 | (\(1992\))0 4989 y([Sj\177)-49 b(o94])235 b(T.)33 b(Sj\177)-49 |
| | 48640 | b(ostrand,)33 b(Computer)g(Ph)m(ysics)h(Comm)m(un.)e |
| | 48641 | Fo(82)h Fw(\(1994\))e(74)0 5179 y([Ste81])233 b(P)-8 |
| | 48642 | b(.M.)34 b(Stev)m(enson,)g(Ph)m(ys.)h(Rev.)e Fo(D23)g |
| | 48643 | Fw(\(1981\))e(2916)0 5370 y([Sud56])206 b(V.V.)33 b(Sudak)m(o)m(v,)h |
| | 48644 | (Zh.E.T.F.)g Fo(30)e Fw(\(1956\))g(87)g(\(So)m(v.)h(Ph)m(ys.)i(J.E.T.P) |
| | 48645 | -8 b(.)34 b Fo(30)e Fw(\(1956\))g(65\))0 5561 y([UA183])173 |
| | 48646 | b(UA1)33 b(Collab)s(oration,)c(G.)j(Arnison)g(et)h(al.,)f(Ph)m(ys.)i |
| | 48647 | (Lett.)f Fo(123B)f Fw(\(1983\))g(115;)520 5669 y(UA1)h(Collab)s |
| | 48648 | (oration,)c(C.)k(Alba)5 b(jar)32 b(et)g(al.,)g(Nucl.)g(Ph)m(ys.)j |
| | 48649 | Fo(B309)d Fw(\(1988\))g(405)1817 5953 y(321)p eop |
| | 48650 | %%Page: 322 328 |
| | 48651 | 322 327 bop 0 -18 a Fw([V)-8 b(er81])222 b(J.A.M.)46 |
| | 48652 | b(V)-8 b(ermaseren,)49 b(K.J.F.)c(Gaemers)g(and)g(S.J.)h(Oldham,)h |
| | 48653 | (Nucl.)e(Ph)m(ys.)i Fo(B187)520 90 y Fw(\(1981\))32 b(301)0 |
| | 48654 | 281 y([W)-8 b(eb86])179 b(B.R.)33 b(W)-8 b(ebb)s(er,)33 |
| | 48655 | b(Ann.)g(Rev.)h(Nucl.)e(P)m(art.)h(Sci.)f Fo(36)h Fw(\(1986\))e(253)0 |
| | 48656 | 473 y([W)-8 b(u79])222 b(S.L.)33 b(W)-8 b(u)33 b(and)g(G.)f(Zob)s |
| | 48657 | (ernig,)f(Z.)h(Ph)m(ys..)j Fo(C2)d Fw(\(1979\))g(107)0 |
| | 48658 | 664 y([W)-8 b(ud86])168 b(J.)33 b(W)-8 b(udk)j(a,)33 |
| | 48659 | b(Ph)m(ys.)h(Lett.)f Fo(167B)f Fw(\(1986\))g(337)0 855 |
| | 48660 | y([Za)5 b(j87])224 b(W.A.)33 b(Za)5 b(jc,)33 b(Ph)m(ys.)h(Rev.)f |
| | 48661 | Fo(D35)g Fw(\(1987\))e(3396)0 1047 y([Zh)m(u83])203 b(R.-y)-8 |
| | 48662 | b(.)25 b(Zh)m(u,)j(Ph.)e(D.)f(Thesis)h(\(M.I.T.\),)i(MIT-LNS)e(Rep)s |
| | 48663 | (ort)f(RX-1033)f(\(1983\);)j(Caltec)m(h)520 1155 y(Rep)s(ort)g(CAL)-8 |
| | 48664 | b(T-68-1306;)27 b(in)f(Pro)s(ceedings)i(of)e(the)h(1984)f(DPF)h |
| | 48665 | (conference,)j(San)m(ta)d(F)-8 b(e,)520 1263 y(p.)33 |
| | 48666 | b(229;)f(in)g(Pro)s(ceedings)h(of)f(1985)g(DPF)g(conference,)i(Oregon,) |
| | 48667 | e(p.)h(552)1817 5953 y(322)p eop |
| | 48668 | %%Page: 323 329 |
| | 48669 | 323 328 bop 0 -18 a Ft(Index)53 b(of)h(Subprograms)d(and)j(Common)d |
| | 48670 | (Blo)t(c)l(k)j(V)-13 b(ariables)0 189 y Fw(This)30 b(index)g(is)f(not)h |
| | 48671 | (in)m(tended)h(to)e(b)s(e)h(complete,)g(but)g(giv)m(es)g(the)h(page)e |
| | 48672 | (where)j(the)e(main)e(description)0 297 y(b)s(egins)22 |
| | 48673 | b(of)g(a)g(subroutine,)j(function,)f(blo)s(c)m(k)f(data,)h(common)d |
| | 48674 | (blo)s(c)m(k,)j(v)-5 b(ariable)21 b(or)h(arra)m(y)-8 |
| | 48675 | b(.)40 b(F)-8 b(or)22 b(common)0 405 y(blo)s(c)m(k)34 |
| | 48676 | b(v)-5 b(ariables)34 b(also)f(the)i(name)f(of)h(the)g(common)e(blo)s(c) |
| | 48677 | m(k)h(is)g(giv)m(en.)50 b(When)35 b(some)g(comp)s(onen)m(ts)g(of)0 |
| | 48678 | 514 y(an)h(arra)m(y)g(are)h(describ)s(ed)g(in)e(a)h(separate)h(place,)g |
| | 48679 | (a)f(sp)s(ecial)f(reference)j(\(inden)m(ted)f(with)e(resp)s(ect)j(to)0 |
| | 48680 | 622 y(the)33 b(main)e(one\))i(is)f(giv)m(en)g(for)g(these)i(comp)s |
| | 48681 | (onen)m(ts.)0 784 y Fq(BRAT)g Fw(in)d Fq(LUDAT3)850 b |
| | 48682 | Fw(283)0 893 y Fq(CHAF)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(LUDAT4)850 b Fw(284)0 |
| | 48683 | 1001 y Fq(CKIN)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYSUBS)850 b Fw(145)0 |
| | 48684 | 1109 y Fq(COEF)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT2)850 b Fw(185)0 |
| | 48685 | 1218 y Fq(DXSEC)34 b Fw(in)e Fq(PYINT9)798 b Fw(188)0 |
| | 48686 | 1326 y Fq(HEPEVT)34 b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)601 b(64)0 |
| | 48687 | 1434 y Fq(ICOL)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT2)850 b Fw(186)0 |
| | 48688 | 1543 y Fq(IFUP)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYUPPR)850 b Fw(172)0 |
| | 48689 | 1651 y Fq(ISET)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT2)850 b Fw(185)0 |
| | 48690 | 1759 y Fq(ISIG)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT3)850 b Fw(186)0 |
| | 48691 | 1868 y Fq(K)33 b Fw(in)f Fq(LUJETS)1052 b Fw(59)0 1976 |
| | 48692 | y Fq(KCHG)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(LUDAT2)850 b Fw(278)0 2085 |
| | 48693 | y Fq(KFDP)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(LUDAT3)850 b Fw(284)0 2193 |
| | 48694 | y Fq(KFIN)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYSUBS)850 b Fw(145)0 2301 |
| | 48695 | y Fq(KFPR)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT2)850 b Fw(185)0 2410 |
| | 48696 | y Fq(KLU)33 b Fw(function)971 b(263)0 2518 y Fq(KUP)33 |
| | 48697 | b Fw(in)f Fq(PYUPPR)901 b Fw(171)0 2626 y Fq(LU1ENT)34 |
| | 48698 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(254)0 2735 y Fq(LU2ENT)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 |
| | 48699 | b(254)0 2843 y Fq(LU3ENT)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(255)0 |
| | 48700 | 2951 y Fq(LU4ENT)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(255)0 3060 |
| | 48701 | y Fq(LUBOEI)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(257)0 3168 y Fq(LUCELL)34 |
| | 48702 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(303)0 3276 y Fq(LUCHGE)34 b Fw(function)817 |
| | 48703 | b(257)0 3385 y Fq(LUCLUS)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(302)0 |
| | 48704 | 3493 y Fq(LUCOMP)34 b Fw(function)817 b(257)0 3601 y |
| | 48705 | Fq(LUDAT1)34 b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(264)0 3710 |
| | 48706 | y Fq(LUDAT2)34 b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(278)0 |
| | 48707 | 3818 y Fq(LUDAT3)34 b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(280)0 |
| | 48708 | 3926 y Fq(LUDAT4)34 b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(284)0 |
| | 48709 | 4035 y Fq(LUDATA)34 b Fw(blo)s(c)m(k)f(data)719 b(258)0 |
| | 48710 | 4143 y Fq(LUDATR)34 b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)601 b(50)0 |
| | 48711 | 4251 y Fq(LUDBRB)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(259)0 4360 |
| | 48712 | y Fq(LUDECY)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(257)0 4468 y Fq(LUEDIT)34 |
| | 48713 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(259)0 4576 y Fq(LUEEVT)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 |
| | 48714 | b(79)0 4685 y Fq(LUERRM)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(258)0 |
| | 48715 | 4793 y Fq(LUEXEC)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(257)0 4901 |
| | 48716 | y Fq(LUFOWO)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(304)0 5010 y Fq(LUGIVE)34 |
| | 48717 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(256)0 5118 y Fq(LUHEPC)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 |
| | 48718 | b(66)0 5226 y Fq(LUINDF)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(257)0 |
| | 48719 | 5335 y Fq(LUJETS)34 b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)601 b(59)0 |
| | 48720 | 5443 y Fq(LUJMAS)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(304)0 5551 |
| | 48721 | y Fq(LUJOIN)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(255)2126 784 y Fq(LUKFDI)34 |
| | 48722 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(257)2126 893 y Fq(LULIST)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 |
| | 48723 | b(261)2126 1001 y Fq(LULOGO)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(258)2126 |
| | 48724 | 1109 y Fq(LUNAME)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(257)2126 1218 |
| | 48725 | y Fq(LUONIA)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 b(80)2126 1326 y Fq(LUPREP)34 |
| | 48726 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(257)2126 1434 y Fq(LUPTDI)34 b |
| | 48727 | Fw(subroutine)717 b(257)2126 1543 y Fq(LURADK)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 |
| | 48728 | b(79)2126 1651 y Fq(LUROBO)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(259)2126 |
| | 48729 | 1759 y Fq(LUSHOW)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(206)2126 1868 |
| | 48730 | y Fq(LUSPHE)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(301)2126 1976 y |
| | 48731 | Fq(LUSTRF)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(257)2126 2085 y Fq(LUTABU)34 |
| | 48732 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(305)2126 2193 y Fq(LUTAUD)34 b |
| | 48733 | Fw(subroutine)717 b(258)2126 2301 y Fq(LUTEST)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 |
| | 48734 | b(33)2126 2410 y Fq(LUTHRU)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(302)2126 |
| | 48735 | 2518 y Fq(LUUPDA)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(262)2126 2626 |
| | 48736 | y Fq(LUX3JT)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 b(80)2126 2735 y Fq(LUX4JT)34 |
| | 48737 | b Fw(subroutine)766 b(80)2126 2843 y Fq(LUXDIF)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 |
| | 48738 | b(80)2126 2951 y Fq(LUXJET)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 b(80)2126 |
| | 48739 | 3060 y Fq(LUXKFL)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 b(79)2126 3168 |
| | 48740 | y Fq(LUXTOT)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 b(79)2126 3276 y Fq(LUZDIS)34 |
| | 48741 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(257)2126 3385 y Fq(MDCY)34 b Fw(in)d |
| | 48742 | Fq(LUDAT3)850 b Fw(280)2126 3493 y Fq(MDME)34 b Fw(in)d |
| | 48743 | Fq(LUDAT3)850 b Fw(281)2126 3601 y Fq(MINT)34 b Fw(in)d |
| | 48744 | Fq(PYINT1)850 b Fw(178)2126 3710 y Fq(MRLU)34 b Fw(in)d |
| | 48745 | Fq(LUDATR)899 b Fw(50)2126 3818 y Fq(MSEL)34 b Fw(in)d |
| | 48746 | Fq(PYSUBS)850 b Fw(144)2126 3926 y Fq(MSTI)34 b Fw(in)d |
| | 48747 | Fq(PYPARS)850 b Fw(165)2126 4035 y Fq(MSTJ)34 b Fw(in)d |
| | 48748 | Fq(LUDAT1)p Fw(,)k(main)575 b(268)2224 4143 y Fq(MSTJ\(40\))53 |
| | 48749 | b(-)e(MSTJ\(50\))438 b Fw(207)2224 4251 y Fq(MSTJ\(101\))53 |
| | 48750 | b(-)f(MSTJ\(121\))384 b Fw(80)2126 4360 y Fq(MSTP)34 |
| | 48751 | b Fw(in)d Fq(PYPARS)p Fw(,)k(main)575 b(149)2224 4468 |
| | 48752 | y Fq(MSTP\(22\))1001 b Fw(210)2224 4576 y Fq(MSTP\(61\))53 |
| | 48753 | b(-)e(MSTP\(71\))438 b Fw(210)2224 4685 y Fq(MSTP\(81\))53 |
| | 48754 | b(-)e(MSTP\(94\))438 b Fw(224)2224 4793 y Fq(MSTP\(131\))53 |
| | 48755 | b(-)f(MSTP\(134\))335 b Fw(226)2126 4901 y Fq(MSTU)34 |
| | 48756 | b Fw(in)d Fq(LUDAT1)p Fw(,)k(main)575 b(265)2224 5010 |
| | 48757 | y Fq(MSTU\(41\))53 b(-)e(MSTU\(63\))438 b Fw(308)2224 |
| | 48758 | 5118 y Fq(MSTU\(101\))53 b(-)f(MSTU\(118\))335 b Fw(275)2224 |
| | 48759 | 5226 y Fq(MSTU\(161\))53 b(-)f(MSTU\(162\))335 b Fw(310)2126 |
| | 48760 | 5335 y Fq(MSUB)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYSUBS)850 b Fw(145)2126 |
| | 48761 | 5443 y Fq(N)33 b Fw(in)f Fq(LUJETS)1052 b Fw(59)2126 |
| | 48762 | 5551 y Fq(NFUP)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYUPPR)850 b Fw(172)1817 |
| | 48763 | 5953 y(323)p eop |
| | 48764 | %%Page: 324 330 |
| | 48765 | 324 329 bop 0 -18 a Fq(NGEN)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT5)850 |
| | 48766 | b Fw(187)0 90 y Fq(NUP)33 b Fw(in)f Fq(PYUPPR)901 b Fw(171)0 |
| | 48767 | 198 y Fq(P)33 b Fw(in)f Fq(LUJETS)1052 b Fw(60)0 307 |
| | 48768 | y Fq(PARF)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(LUDAT2)850 b Fw(279)0 415 y |
| | 48769 | Fq(PARI)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYPARS)850 b Fw(166)0 523 y Fq(PARJ)34 |
| | 48770 | b Fw(in)d Fq(LUDAT1)p Fw(,)k(main)575 b(271)98 632 y |
| | 48771 | Fq(PARJ\(81\))53 b(-)e(PARJ\(89\))438 b Fw(209)98 740 |
| | 48772 | y Fq(PARJ\(121\))53 b(-)f(PARJ\(171\))384 b Fw(83)0 848 |
| | 48773 | y Fq(PARP)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYPARS)p Fw(,)k(main)575 b(162)98 |
| | 48774 | 957 y Fq(PARP\(61\))53 b(-)e(PARP\(72\))438 b Fw(211)98 |
| | 48775 | 1065 y Fq(PARP\(81\))53 b(-)e(PARP\(100\))387 b Fw(227)98 |
| | 48776 | 1173 y Fq(PARP\(131\))950 b Fw(228)0 1282 y Fq(PARU)34 |
| | 48777 | b Fw(in)d Fq(LUDAT1)p Fw(,)k(main)575 b(267)98 1390 y |
| | 48778 | Fq(PARU\(41\))53 b(-)e(PARU\(63\))438 b Fw(310)98 1498 |
| | 48779 | y Fq(PARU\(101\))53 b(-)f(PARU\(195\))335 b Fw(275)0 |
| | 48780 | 1607 y Fq(PLU)33 b Fw(function)971 b(264)0 1715 y Fq(PMAS)34 |
| | 48781 | b Fw(in)d Fq(LUDAT2)850 b Fw(278)0 1823 y Fq(PROC)34 |
| | 48782 | b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT6)850 b Fw(187)0 1932 y Fq(PUP)33 b |
| | 48783 | Fw(in)f Fq(PYUPPR)901 b Fw(171)0 2040 y Fq(PYCTQ2)34 |
| | 48784 | b Fw(function)817 b(178)0 2148 y Fq(PYDATA)34 b Fw(blo)s(c)m(k)f(data) |
| | 48785 | 719 b(178)0 2257 y Fq(PYDIFF)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)0 |
| | 48786 | 2365 y Fq(PYDOCU)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)0 2473 |
| | 48787 | y Fq(PYEVNT)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(140)0 2582 y Fq(PYEVWT)34 |
| | 48788 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(142)0 2690 y Fq(PYFRAM)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 |
| | 48789 | b(141)0 2798 y Fq(PYGANO)34 b Fw(function)817 b(177)0 |
| | 48790 | 2907 y Fq(PYGBEH)34 b Fw(function)817 b(177)0 3015 y |
| | 48791 | Fq(PYGDIR)34 b Fw(function)817 b(177)0 3123 y Fq(PYGAMM)34 |
| | 48792 | b Fw(function)817 b(178)0 3232 y Fq(PYGGAM)34 b Fw(function)817 |
| | 48793 | b(177)0 3340 y Fq(PYGVMD)34 b Fw(function)817 b(177)0 |
| | 48794 | 3448 y Fq(PYHFTH)34 b Fw(function)817 b(178)0 3557 y |
| | 48795 | Fq(PYI3AU)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(178)0 3665 y Fq(PYINBM)34 |
| | 48796 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(176)0 3774 y Fq(PYINIT)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 |
| | 48797 | b(139)0 3882 y Fq(PYINKI)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(176)0 |
| | 48798 | 3990 y Fq(PYINPR)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(176)0 4099 |
| | 48799 | y Fq(PYINRE)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(176)0 4207 y Fq(PYINT1)34 |
| | 48800 | b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(178)0 4315 y Fq(PYINT2)34 |
| | 48801 | b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(184)0 4424 y Fq(PYINT3)34 |
| | 48802 | b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(186)0 4532 y Fq(PYINT4)34 |
| | 48803 | b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(186)0 4640 y Fq(PYINT5)34 |
| | 48804 | b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(187)0 4749 y Fq(PYINT6)34 |
| | 48805 | b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(187)0 4857 y Fq(PYINT7)34 |
| | 48806 | b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(187)0 4965 y Fq(PYINT8)34 |
| | 48807 | b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(188)0 5074 y Fq(PYINT9)34 |
| | 48808 | b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(188)0 5182 y Fq(PYKCUT)34 |
| | 48809 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(141)0 5290 y Fq(PYKLIM)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 |
| | 48810 | b(177)0 5399 y Fq(PYKMAP)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)0 |
| | 48811 | 5507 y Fq(PYMAXI)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(176)0 5615 |
| | 48812 | y Fq(PYMULT)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)2126 -18 y Fq(PYOFSH)34 |
| | 48813 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)2126 90 y Fq(PYPARS)34 b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c) |
| | 48814 | m(k)346 b(148,)32 b(164)2126 198 y Fq(PYPILE)i Fw(subroutine)717 |
| | 48815 | b(176)2126 307 y Fq(PYQQBH)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(178)2126 |
| | 48816 | 415 y Fq(PYRAND)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)2126 523 |
| | 48817 | y Fq(PYREMN)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)2126 632 y Fq(PYRESD)34 |
| | 48818 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)2126 740 y Fq(PYSAVE)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 |
| | 48819 | b(176)2126 848 y Fq(PYSCAT)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)2126 |
| | 48820 | 957 y Fq(PYSIGH)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)2126 1065 |
| | 48821 | y Fq(PYSPEN)34 b Fw(function)817 b(178)2126 1173 y Fq(PYSPLI)34 |
| | 48822 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(178)2126 1282 y Fq(PYSSPA)34 b |
| | 48823 | Fw(subroutine)717 b(207)2126 1390 y Fq(PYSTAT)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 |
| | 48824 | b(141)2126 1498 y Fq(PYSTEL)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)2126 |
| | 48825 | 1607 y Fq(PYSTFL)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)2126 1715 |
| | 48826 | y Fq(PYSTFU)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)2126 1823 y |
| | 48827 | Fq(PYSTGA)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)2126 1932 y Fq(PYSTPI)34 |
| | 48828 | b Fw(subroutine)717 b(178)2126 2040 y Fq(PYSTPR)34 b |
| | 48829 | Fw(subroutine)717 b(178)2126 2148 y Fq(PYSUBS)34 b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c) |
| | 48830 | m(k)552 b(144)2126 2257 y Fq(PYTEST)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 |
| | 48831 | b(33)2126 2365 y Fq(PYUPEV)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(169)2126 |
| | 48832 | 2473 y Fq(PYUPIN)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(169)2126 2582 |
| | 48833 | y Fq(PYUPPR)34 b Fw(common)d(blo)s(c)m(k)552 b(171)2126 |
| | 48834 | 2690 y Fq(PYWAUX)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(178)2126 2798 |
| | 48835 | y Fq(PYWIDT)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(177)2126 2907 y |
| | 48836 | Fq(PYXTOT)34 b Fw(subroutine)717 b(176)2126 3015 y Fq(Q2UP)34 |
| | 48837 | b Fw(in)d Fq(PYUPPR)850 b Fw(172)2126 3123 y Fq(RLU)33 |
| | 48838 | b Fw(function)1020 b(49)2126 3232 y Fq(RLUGET)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 |
| | 48839 | b(49)2126 3340 y Fq(RLUSET)34 b Fw(subroutine)766 b(50)2126 |
| | 48840 | 3448 y Fq(RRLU)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(LUDATR)899 b Fw(51)2126 |
| | 48841 | 3557 y Fq(SIGH)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT3)850 b Fw(186)2126 |
| | 48842 | 3665 y Fq(SIGT)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT7)850 b Fw(188)2126 |
| | 48843 | 3774 y Fq(ULALEM)34 b Fw(function)817 b(274)2126 3882 |
| | 48844 | y Fq(ULALPS)34 b Fw(function)817 b(275)2126 3990 y Fq(ULANGL)34 |
| | 48845 | b Fw(function)817 b(258)2126 4099 y Fq(ULMASS)34 b Fw(function)817 |
| | 48846 | b(257)2126 4207 y Fq(V)33 b Fw(in)f Fq(LUJETS)1052 b |
| | 48847 | Fw(60)2126 4315 y Fq(VCKM)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(LUDAT2)850 |
| | 48848 | b Fw(280)2126 4424 y Fq(VINT)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT1)850 |
| | 48849 | b Fw(181)2126 4532 y Fq(WIDE)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT4)850 |
| | 48850 | b Fw(186)2126 4640 y Fq(WIDP)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT4)850 |
| | 48851 | b Fw(186)2126 4749 y Fq(WIDS)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT4)850 |
| | 48852 | b Fw(186)2126 4857 y Fq(XPANH)34 b Fw(in)e Fq(PYINT8)798 |
| | 48853 | b Fw(188)2126 4965 y Fq(XPANL)34 b Fw(in)e Fq(PYINT8)798 |
| | 48854 | b Fw(188)2126 5074 y Fq(XPBEH)34 b Fw(in)e Fq(PYINT8)798 |
| | 48855 | b Fw(188)2126 5182 y Fq(XPDIR)34 b Fw(in)e Fq(PYINT8)798 |
| | 48856 | b Fw(188)2126 5290 y Fq(XPVMD)34 b Fw(in)e Fq(PYINT8)798 |
| | 48857 | b Fw(188)2126 5399 y Fq(XSEC)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT5)850 |
| | 48858 | b Fw(187)2126 5507 y Fq(XSFX)34 b Fw(in)d Fq(PYINT3)850 |
| | 48859 | b Fw(186)1817 5953 y(324)p eop |
| | 48860 | %%Trailer |
| | 48861 | end |
| | 48862 | userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if |
| | 48863 | %%EOF |
git://git.uio.no / u / mrichter / AliRoot.git / blame_incremental