1 /**************************************************************************
2 * Copyright(c) 1998-1999, ALICE Experiment at CERN, All rights reserved. *
4 * Author: The ALICE Off-line Project. *
5 * Contributors are mentioned in the code where appropriate. *
7 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its *
8 * documentation strictly for non-commercial purposes is hereby granted *
9 * without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all *
10 * copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice *
11 * appear in the supporting documentation. The authors make no claims *
12 * about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is *
13 * provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. *
14 **************************************************************************/
18 Revision 1.18 2000/05/08 16:17:27 cblume
21 Revision 1.17.2.1 2000/05/08 14:59:16 cblume
22 Made inline function non-virtual. Bug fix in setting sensitive chamber
24 Revision 1.17 2000/02/28 19:10:26 cblume
25 Include the new TRD classes
27 Revision 1.16.4.1 2000/02/28 18:04:35 cblume
28 Change to new hit version, introduce geometry class, and move digitization and clustering to AliTRDdigitizer/AliTRDclusterizerV1
30 Revision 1.16 1999/11/05 22:50:28 fca
31 Do not use Atan, removed from ROOT too
33 Revision 1.15 1999/11/02 17:20:19 fca
34 initialise nbytes before using it
36 Revision 1.14 1999/11/02 17:15:54 fca
37 Correct ansi scoping not accepted by HP compilers
39 Revision 1.13 1999/11/02 17:14:51 fca
40 Correct ansi scoping not accepted by HP compilers
42 Revision 1.12 1999/11/02 16:35:56 fca
43 New version of TRD introduced
45 Revision 1.11 1999/11/01 20:41:51 fca
46 Added protections against using the wrong version of FRAME
48 Revision 1.10 1999/09/29 09:24:35 fca
49 Introduction of the Copyright and cvs Log
53 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
55 // Transition Radiation Detector version 2 -- slow simulator //
59 <img src="picts/AliTRDfullClass.gif">
64 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
75 #include "AliTRDmatrix.h"
76 #include "AliTRDgeometry.h"
80 //_____________________________________________________________________________
81 AliTRDv1::AliTRDv1(const char *name, const char *title)
85 // Standard constructor for Transition Radiation Detector version 1
102 SetBufferSize(128000);
106 //_____________________________________________________________________________
107 AliTRDv1::~AliTRDv1()
110 if (fDeltaE) delete fDeltaE;
114 //_____________________________________________________________________________
115 void AliTRDv1::CreateGeometry()
118 // Create the GEANT geometry for the Transition Radiation Detector - Version 1
119 // This version covers the full azimuth.
122 // Check that FRAME is there otherwise we have no place where to put the TRD
123 AliModule* FRAME = gAlice->GetModule("FRAME");
126 // Define the chambers
127 AliTRD::CreateGeometry();
131 //_____________________________________________________________________________
132 void AliTRDv1::CreateMaterials()
135 // Create materials for the Transition Radiation Detector version 1
138 AliTRD::CreateMaterials();
142 //_____________________________________________________________________________
143 void AliTRDv1::Init()
146 // Initialise Transition Radiation Detector after geometry has been built.
151 printf(" Slow simulator\n\n");
154 printf(" Only plane %d is sensitive\n",fSensPlane);
155 if (fSensChamber >= 0)
156 printf(" Only chamber %d is sensitive\n",fSensChamber);
157 if (fSensSector >= 0) {
158 Int_t sens1 = fSensSector;
159 Int_t sens2 = fSensSector + fSensSectorRange;
160 sens2 -= ((Int_t) (sens2 / kNsect)) * kNsect;
161 printf(" Only sectors %d - %d are sensitive\n",sens1,sens2-1);
166 // First ionization potential (eV) for the gas mixture (90% Xe + 10% CO2)
167 const Float_t kPoti = 12.1;
168 // Maximum energy (50 keV);
169 const Float_t kEend = 50000.0;
170 // Ermilova distribution for the delta-ray spectrum
171 Float_t Poti = TMath::Log(kPoti);
172 Float_t Eend = TMath::Log(kEend);
173 fDeltaE = new TF1("deltae",Ermilova,Poti,Eend,0);
175 // Identifier of the sensitive volume (drift region)
176 fIdSens = gMC->VolId("UL05");
178 // Identifier of the TRD-driftchambers
179 fIdChamber1 = gMC->VolId("UCIO");
180 fIdChamber2 = gMC->VolId("UCIM");
181 fIdChamber3 = gMC->VolId("UCII");
183 for (Int_t i = 0; i < 80; i++) printf("*");
188 //_____________________________________________________________________________
189 void AliTRDv1::SetSensPlane(Int_t iplane)
192 // Defines the hit-sensitive plane (0-5)
195 if ((iplane < 0) || (iplane > 5)) {
196 printf("Wrong input value: %d\n",iplane);
197 printf("Use standard setting\n");
208 //_____________________________________________________________________________
209 void AliTRDv1::SetSensChamber(Int_t ichamber)
212 // Defines the hit-sensitive chamber (0-4)
215 if ((ichamber < 0) || (ichamber > 4)) {
216 printf("Wrong input value: %d\n",ichamber);
217 printf("Use standard setting\n");
224 fSensChamber = ichamber;
228 //_____________________________________________________________________________
229 void AliTRDv1::SetSensSector(Int_t isector)
232 // Defines the hit-sensitive sector (0-17)
235 SetSensSector(isector,1);
239 //_____________________________________________________________________________
240 void AliTRDv1::SetSensSector(Int_t isector, Int_t nsector)
243 // Defines a range of hit-sensitive sectors. The range is defined by
244 // <isector> (0-17) as the starting point and <nsector> as the number
245 // of sectors to be included.
248 if ((isector < 0) || (isector > 17)) {
249 printf("Wrong input value <isector>: %d\n",isector);
250 printf("Use standard setting\n");
252 fSensSectorRange = 0;
257 if ((nsector < 1) || (nsector > 18)) {
258 printf("Wrong input value <nsector>: %d\n",nsector);
259 printf("Use standard setting\n");
261 fSensSectorRange = 0;
267 fSensSector = isector;
268 fSensSectorRange = nsector;
272 //_____________________________________________________________________________
273 void AliTRDv1::StepManager()
276 // Slow simulator. Every charged track produces electron cluster as hits
277 // along its path across the drift volume. The step size is set acording
278 // to Bethe-Bloch. The energy distribution of the delta electrons follows
279 // a spectrum taken from Ermilova et al.
282 Int_t iIdSens, icSens;
283 Int_t iIdSpace, icSpace;
284 Int_t iIdChamber, icChamber;
300 Double_t betaGamma, pp;
302 TLorentzVector pos, mom;
303 TClonesArray &lhits = *fHits;
305 const Double_t kBig = 1.0E+12;
308 const Float_t kWion = 22.04;
309 // Maximum energy for e+ e- g for the step-size calculation
310 const Float_t kPTotMax = 0.002;
311 // Plateau value of the energy-loss for electron in xenon
312 // taken from: Allison + Comb, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. (1980), 30, 253
313 //const Double_t kPlateau = 1.70;
314 // the averaged value (26/3/99)
315 const Float_t kPlateau = 1.55;
316 // dN1/dx|min for the gas mixture (90% Xe + 10% CO2)
317 const Float_t kPrim = 48.0;
318 // First ionization potential (eV) for the gas mixture (90% Xe + 10% CO2)
319 const Float_t kPoti = 12.1;
322 const Int_t pdgElectron = 11;
324 // Set the maximum step size to a very large number for all
325 // neutral particles and those outside the driftvolume
326 gMC->SetMaxStep(kBig);
328 // Use only charged tracks
329 if (( gMC->TrackCharge() ) &&
330 (!gMC->IsTrackStop() ) &&
331 (!gMC->IsTrackDisappeared())) {
333 // Inside a sensitive volume?
334 iIdSens = gMC->CurrentVolID(icSens);
335 if (iIdSens == fIdSens) {
337 iIdSpace = gMC->CurrentVolOffID(4,icSpace );
338 iIdChamber = gMC->CurrentVolOffID(1,icChamber);
340 // Calculate the energy of the delta-electrons
341 eDelta = TMath::Exp(fDeltaE->GetRandom()) - kPoti;
342 eDelta = TMath::Max(eDelta,0.0);
344 // The number of secondary electrons created
345 qTot = (Double_t) ((Int_t) (eDelta / kWion) + 1);
347 // The hit coordinates and charge
348 gMC->TrackPosition(pos);
354 // The sector number (0 - 17)
355 // The numbering goes clockwise and starts at y = 0
356 Float_t phi = kRaddeg*TMath::ATan2(pos[0],pos[1]);
361 sec = ((Int_t) (phi / 20));
363 // The chamber number
369 if (iIdChamber == fIdChamber1)
370 cha = (hits[2] < 0 ? 0 : 4);
371 else if (iIdChamber == fIdChamber2)
372 cha = (hits[2] < 0 ? 1 : 3);
373 else if (iIdChamber == fIdChamber3)
377 // The numbering starts at the innermost plane
378 pla = icChamber - TMath::Nint((Float_t) (icChamber / 7)) * 6 - 1;
380 // Check on selected volumes
381 Int_t addthishit = 1;
383 if ((fSensPlane >= 0) && (pla != fSensPlane )) addthishit = 0;
384 if ((fSensChamber >= 0) && (cha != fSensChamber)) addthishit = 0;
385 if (fSensSector >= 0) {
386 Int_t sens1 = fSensSector;
387 Int_t sens2 = fSensSector + fSensSectorRange;
388 sens2 -= ((Int_t) (sens2 / kNsect)) * kNsect;
390 if ((sec < sens1) || (sec >= sens2)) addthishit = 0;
393 if ((sec < sens1) && (sec >= sens2)) addthishit = 0;
401 det[0] = fGeometry->GetDetector(pla,cha,sec);
402 new(lhits[fNhits++]) AliTRDhit(fIshunt
403 ,gAlice->CurrentTrack()
407 // The energy loss according to Bethe Bloch
408 gMC->TrackMomentum(mom);
410 iPdg = TMath::Abs(gMC->TrackPid());
411 if ( (iPdg != pdgElectron) ||
412 ((iPdg == pdgElectron) && (pTot < kPTotMax))) {
413 aMass = gMC->TrackMass();
414 betaGamma = pTot / aMass;
415 pp = kPrim * BetheBloch(betaGamma);
416 // Take charge > 1 into account
417 charge = gMC->TrackCharge();
418 if (TMath::Abs(charge) > 1) pp = pp * charge*charge;
420 // Electrons above 20 Mev/c are at the plateau
422 pp = kPrim * kPlateau;
425 // Calculate the maximum step size for the next tracking step
429 while ((random[0] == 1.) || (random[0] == 0.));
430 gMC->SetMaxStep( - TMath::Log(random[0]) / pp);
435 // set step size to maximal value
436 gMC->SetMaxStep(kBig);
445 //_____________________________________________________________________________
446 Double_t AliTRDv1::BetheBloch(Double_t bg)
449 // Parametrization of the Bethe-Bloch-curve
450 // The parametrization is the same as for the TPC and is taken from Lehrhaus.
453 // This parameters have been adjusted to averaged values from GEANT
454 const Double_t kP1 = 7.17960e-02;
455 const Double_t kP2 = 8.54196;
456 const Double_t kP3 = 1.38065e-06;
457 const Double_t kP4 = 5.30972;
458 const Double_t kP5 = 2.83798;
460 // This parameters have been adjusted to Xe-data found in:
461 // Allison & Cobb, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. (1980), 30, 253
462 //const Double_t kP1 = 0.76176E-1;
463 //const Double_t kP2 = 10.632;
464 //const Double_t kP3 = 3.17983E-6;
465 //const Double_t kP4 = 1.8631;
466 //const Double_t kP5 = 1.9479;
469 Double_t yy = bg / TMath::Sqrt(1. + bg*bg);
470 Double_t aa = TMath::Power(yy,kP4);
471 Double_t bb = TMath::Power((1./bg),kP5);
472 bb = TMath::Log(kP3 + bb);
473 return ((kP2 - aa - bb)*kP1 / aa);
480 //_____________________________________________________________________________
481 Double_t Ermilova(Double_t *x, Double_t *)
484 // Calculates the delta-ray energy distribution according to Ermilova.
485 // Logarithmic scale !
496 Float_t vxe[nV] = { 2.3026, 2.9957, 3.4012, 3.6889, 3.9120
497 , 4.0943, 4.2485, 4.3820, 4.4998, 4.6052
498 , 4.7005, 5.0752, 5.2983, 5.7038, 5.9915
499 , 6.2146, 6.5221, 6.9078, 7.3132, 7.6009
500 , 8.0064, 8.5172, 8.6995, 8.9872, 9.2103
501 , 9.4727, 9.9035,10.3735,10.5966,10.8198
504 Float_t vye[nV] = { 80.0 , 31.0 , 23.3 , 21.1 , 21.0
505 , 20.9 , 20.8 , 20.0 , 16.0 , 11.0
506 , 8.0 , 6.0 , 5.2 , 4.6 , 4.0
507 , 3.5 , 3.0 , 1.4 , 0.67 , 0.44
508 , 0.3 , 0.18 , 0.12 , 0.08 , 0.056
509 , 0.04 , 0.023, 0.015, 0.011, 0.01
518 dpos = energy - vxe[pos2++];
522 if (pos2 > nV) pos2 = nV;
525 // Differentiate between the sampling points
526 dnde = (vye[pos1] - vye[pos2]) / (vxe[pos2] - vxe[pos1]);