/**************************************************************************
 * Copyright(c) 1998-1999, ALICE Experiment at CERN, All rights reserved. *
 *                                                                        *
 * Author: The ALICE Off-line Project.                                    *
 * Contributors are mentioned in the code where appropriate.              *
 *                                                                        *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its   *
 * documentation strictly for non-commercial purposes is hereby granted   *
 * without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all   *
 * copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice   *
 * appear in the supporting documentation. The authors make no claims     *
 * about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is          *
 * provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.                  *
 **************************************************************************/

// $Id: AliCollider.cxx,v 1.5 2003/02/03 13:19:44 nick Exp $

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Class AliCollider
// Pythia based universal physics event generator.
// This class is derived from TPythia6 and has some extensions to
// support also generation of nucleus-nucleus interactions and to allow
// investigation of the effect of detector resolving power.
// Furthermore, the produced event information is provided in a format
// using the AliEvent structure.
// For the produced AliTrack objects, the particle ID code is set to the
// Pythia KF value, which is compatible with the PDG identifier.
// This will allow a direct analysis of the produced data using the
// Ralice physics analysis tools.
//
// For further details concerning the produced output structure,
// see the docs of the memberfunctions SetVertexMode and SetResolution.
//
// Example job of minimum biased Pb+Pb interactions :
// --------------------------------------------------
// {
//  gSystem->Load("libEG");
//  gSystem->Load("libEGPythia6");
//  gSystem->Load("ralice");
//
//  AliCollider* gen=new AliCollider();
//
//  gen->SetOutputFile("test.root");
//  gen->SetVertexMode(3);    
//  gen->SetResolution(1e-4); // 1 micron vertex resolution
//
//  gen->SetRunNumber(1);
//
//  Int_t zp=82;
//  Int_t ap=208;
//  Int_t zt=82;
//  Int_t at=208;
//
//  gen->Init("fixt",zp,ap,zt,at,158);
//
//  Int_t nevents=5;
//
//  AliRandom rndm;
//  Float_t* rans=new Float_t[nevents];
//  rndm.Uniform(rans,nevents,2,ap+at);
//  Int_t npart;
//  for (Int_t i=0; i<nevents; i++)
//  {
//   npart=rans[i];
//   gen->MakeEvent(npart);
//
//   AliEvent* evt=gen->GetEvent();
//  
//   evt->List();
//  }
//
//  gen->EndRun();
// }
//
//
// Example job of a cosmic nu+p atmospheric interaction.
// -----------------------------------------------------
// {
//  gSystem->Load("libEG");
//  gSystem->Load("libEGPythia6");
//  gSystem->Load("ralice");
//
//  AliCollider* gen=new AliCollider();
//
//  gen->SetOutputFile("test.root");
//
//  gen->SetRunNumber(1);
//
//  gen->Init("fixt","nu_mu","p",1e11);
//
//  Int_t nevents=10;
//
//  for (Int_t i=0; i<nevents; i++)
//  {
//   gen->MakeEvent(0,1);
//
//   AliEvent* evt=gen->GetEvent();
//  
//   evt->Data();
//  }
//
//  gen->EndRun();
// }
//
//
//--- Author: Nick van Eijndhoven 22-nov-2002 Utrecht University
//- Modified: NvE $Date: 2003/02/03 13:19:44 $ Utrecht University
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include "AliCollider.h"
#include "Riostream.h"
 
ClassImp(AliCollider) // Class implementation to enable ROOT I/O
 
AliCollider::AliCollider() : TPythia6()
{
// Default constructor.
// All variables initialised to default values.
 fVertexmode=0;    // No vertex structure creation
 fResolution=1e-5; // Standard resolution is 0.1 micron
 fRunnum=0;
 fEventnum=0;
 fPrintfreq=1;

 fEvent=0;

 fFrame="none";
 fWin=0;

 fNucl=0;
 fZproj=0;
 fAproj=0;
 fZtarg=0;
 fAtarg=0;
 fFracpp=0;
 fFracnp=0;
 fFracpn=0;
 fFracnn=0;

 fOutFile=0;
 fOutTree=0;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
AliCollider::~AliCollider()
{
// Default destructor
 if (fEvent)
 {
  delete fEvent;
  fEvent=0;
 }
 if (fOutFile)
 {
  delete fOutFile;
  fOutFile=0;
 }
 if (fOutTree)
 {
  delete fOutTree;
  fOutTree=0;
 }
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void AliCollider::SetOutputFile(TString s)
{
// Create the output file containing all the data in ROOT output format.
 if (fOutFile)
 {
  delete fOutFile;
  fOutFile=0;
 }
 fOutFile=new TFile(s.Data(),"RECREATE","AliCollider data");

 if (fOutTree)
 {
  delete fOutTree;
  fOutTree=0;
 }
 fOutTree=new TTree("T","AliCollider event data");

 Int_t bsize=32000;
 Int_t split=0;
 fOutTree->Branch("Events","AliEvent",&fEvent,bsize,split);
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void AliCollider::SetVertexMode(Int_t mode)
{
// Set the mode of the vertex structure creation.
//
// By default all generated tracks will only appear in the AliEvent
// structure without any primary (and secondary) vertex structure.
// The user can build the vertex structure if he/she wants by means
// of the beginpoint location of each AliTrack.
//
// However, one can also let AliCollider automatically create
// the primary (and secondary) vertex structure(s).
// In this case the primary vertex is given Id=1 and all sec. vertices
// are given Id's 2,3,4,....
// All vertices are created as standalone entities in the AliEvent structure
// without any linking between the various vertices.
// For this automated process, the user-selected resolution
// (see SetResolution) is used to decide whether or not certain vertex
// locations can be resolved.
// In case no vertex creation is selected (i.e. the default mode=0),
// the value of the resolution is totally irrelevant.
//
// The user can also let AliCollider automatically connect the sec. vertices
// to the primary vertex (i.e. mode=3). This process will also automatically
// generate the tracks connecting the vertices.
// Note that the result of the mode=3 operation may be very sensitive to
// the resolution parameter. Therefore, no attempt is made to distinguish
// between secondary, tertiary etc... vertices. All sec. vertices are
// linked to the primary one.
//  
// Irrespective of the selected mode, all generated tracks can be obtained
// directly from the AliEvent structure.
// In case (sec.) vertex creation is selected, all generated vertices can
// also be obtained directly from the AliEvent structure. 
// These (sec.) vertices contain only the corresponding pointers to the various
// tracks which are stored in the AliEvent structure.
//
// Overview of vertex creation modes :
// -----------------------------------
// mode = 0 ==> No vertex structure will be created
//        1 ==> Only primary vertex structure will be created
//        2 ==> Unconnected primary and secondary vertices will be created
//        3 ==> Primary and secondary vertices will be created where all the
//              sec. vertices will be connected to the primary vertex.
//              Also the vertex connecting tracks will be automatically
//              generated. 
//
 if (mode<0 || mode >3)
 {
  cout << " *AliCollider::SetVertexMode* Invalid argument mode : " << mode << endl;
  fVertexmode=0;
 }
 else
 {
  fVertexmode=mode;
 }
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Int_t AliCollider::GetVertexMode()
{
// Provide the current mode for vertex structure creation.
 return fVertexmode;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void AliCollider::SetResolution(Double_t res)
{
// Set the resolution (in cm) for resolving (sec.) vertices.
// By default this resolution is set to 0.1 micron.
// Note : In case no vertex creation has been selected, the value of
//        the resolution is totally irrelevant.
 fResolution=fabs(res);
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Double_t AliCollider::GetResolution()
{
// Provide the current resolution (in cm) for resolving (sec.) vertices.
 return fResolution;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void AliCollider::SetRunNumber(Int_t run)
{
// Set the user defined run number.
// By default the run number is set to 0.
 fRunnum=run;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Int_t AliCollider::GetRunNumber()
{
// Provide the user defined run number.
 return fRunnum;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void AliCollider::SetPrintFreq(Int_t n)
{
// Set the print frequency for every 'n' events.
// By default the printfrequency is set to 1 (i.e. every event).
 fPrintfreq=n;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Int_t AliCollider::GetPrintFreq()
{
// Provide the user selected print frequency.
 return fPrintfreq;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void AliCollider::Init(char* frame,char* beam,char* target,Float_t win)
{
// Initialisation of the underlying Pythia generator package.
// This routine just invokes TPythia6::Initialize(...) and the arguments
// have the corresponding meaning.
// The event number is reset to 0.
 fEventnum=0;
 fNucl=0;
 fFrame=frame;
 fWin=win;
 Initialize(frame,beam,target,win);

 cout << " *AliCollider::Init* Standard Pythia initialisation." << endl;
 cout << " Beam particle : " << beam << " Target particle : " << target
      << " Frame = " << frame << " Energy = " << win
      << endl;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void AliCollider::Init(char* frame,Int_t zp,Int_t ap,Int_t zt,Int_t at,Float_t win)
{
// Initialisation of the underlying Pythia generator package for the generation
// of nucleus-nucleus interactions.
// In addition to the Pythia standard arguments 'frame' and 'win', the user
// can specify here (Z,A) values of the projectile and target nuclei.
//
// Note : The 'win' value denotes either the cms energy per nucleon-nucleon collision
//        (i.e. frame="cms") or the momentum per nucleon in all other cases.
//
// The event number is reset to 0.
 fEventnum=0;
 fNucl=1;
 fFrame=frame;
 fWin=win;
 fZproj=0;
 fAproj=0;
 fZtarg=0;
 fAtarg=0;
 fFracpp=0;
 fFracnp=0;
 fFracpn=0;
 fFracnn=0;

 if (ap<1 || at<1 || zp>ap || zt>at)
 {
  cout << " *AliCollider::Init* Invalid input value(s). Zproj = " << zp
       << " Aproj = " << ap << " Ztarg = " << zt << " Atarg = " << at << endl;
  return;
 }

 fZproj=zp;
 fAproj=ap;
 fZtarg=zt;
 fAtarg=at;

 cout << " *AliCollider::Init* Nucleus-Nucleus generator initialisation." << endl;
 cout << " Zproj = " << zp << " Aproj = " << ap << " Ztarg = " << zt << " Atarg = " << at
      << " Frame = " << frame << " Energy = " << win
      << endl;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void AliCollider::GetFractions(Float_t zp,Float_t ap,Float_t zt,Float_t at)
{
// Determine the fractions for the various N-N collision processes.
// The various processes are : p+p, n+p, p+n and n+n.
 if (zp<0) zp=0;
 if (zt<0) zt=0;

 fFracpp=0;
 fFracnp=0;
 fFracpn=0;
 fFracnn=0;

 if (ap>0 && at>0)
 {
  fFracpp=(zp/ap)*(zt/at);
  fFracnp=(1.-zp/ap)*(zt/at);
  fFracpn=(zp/ap)*(1.-zt/at);
  fFracnn=(1.-zp/ap)*(1.-zt/at);
 }
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void AliCollider::MakeEvent(Int_t npt,Int_t mlist,Int_t medit)
{
// Generate one event.
// In case of a nucleus-nucleus interaction, the argument 'npt' denotes
// the number of participant nucleons.
// In case of a standard Pythia run for 'elementary' particle interactions,
// the value of npt is totally irrelevant.
//
// The argument 'mlist' denotes the list mode used for Pylist().
// Note : mlist<0 suppresses the invokation of Pylist().
// By default, no listing is produced (i.e. mlist=-1).
//
// The argument 'medit' denotes the edit mode used for Pyedit().
// Note : medit<0 suppresses the invokation of Pyedit().
// By default, only 'stable' final particles are kept (i.e. medit=1). 
//
// In the case of a standard Pythia run concerning 'elementary' particle
// interactions, the projectile and target particle ID's for the created
// event structure are set to the corresponding Pythia KF codes.
// All the A and Z values are in that case set to zero.
// In case of a nucleus-nucleus interaction, the proper A and Z values for 
// the projectile and target particles are set in the event structure.
// However, in this case both particle ID's are set to zero.

 fEventnum++; 

 // Counters for the various (proj,targ) combinations : p+p, n+p, p+n and n+n
 Int_t ncols[4]={0,0,0,0};

 Int_t ncol=1;
 if (fNucl)
 {
  if (npt<1 || npt>(fAproj+fAtarg))
  {
   cout << " *AliCollider::MakeEvent* Invalid input value. npt = " << npt
        << " Aproj = " << fAproj << " Atarg = " << fAtarg << endl;
   return;
  }

  // Determine the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions
  ncol=npt/2;
  if (npt%2 && fRan.Uniform()>0.5) ncol+=1;

  // Determine the number of the various types of N+N interactions
  Int_t zp=fZproj;
  Int_t ap=fAproj;
  Int_t zt=fZtarg;
  Int_t at=fAtarg;
  Int_t maxa=2; // Indicator whether proj (1) or target (2) has maximal A left
  if (ap>at) maxa=1;
  Float_t* rans=new Float_t[ncol];
  fRan.Uniform(rans,ncol);
  Float_t rndm=0;
  for (Int_t i=0; i<ncol; i++)
  {
   GetFractions(zp,ap,zt,at);
   rndm=rans[i];
   if (rndm<=fFracpp) // p+p interaction
   {
    ncols[0]++;
    if (maxa==2)
    {
     at--;
     zt--;
    } 
    else
    {
     ap--;
     zp--;
    }
   }
   if (rndm>fFracpp && rndm<=(fFracpp+fFracnp)) // n+p interaction
   {
    ncols[1]++;
    if (maxa==2)
    {
     at--;
     zt--;
    } 
    else
    {
     ap--;
    }
   }
   if (rndm>(fFracpp+fFracnp) && rndm<=(fFracpp+fFracnp+fFracpn)) // p+n interaction
   {
    ncols[2]++;
    if (maxa==2)
    {
     at--;
    } 
    else
    {
     ap--;
     zp--;
    }
   }
   if (rndm>(fFracpp+fFracnp+fFracpn)) // n+n interaction
   {
    ncols[3]++; 
    if (maxa==2)
    {
     at--;
    } 
    else
    {
     ap--;
    }
   }
  }
  delete [] rans;
 }

  if (!(fEventnum%fPrintfreq))
  {
   cout << " *AliCollider::MakeEvent* Run : " << fRunnum << " Event : " << fEventnum
        << endl;
   if (fNucl)
   {
    cout << " npart = " << npt << " ncol = " << ncol 
         << " ncolpp = " << ncols[0] << " ncolnp = " << ncols[1]
         << " ncolpn = " << ncols[2] << " ncolnn = " << ncols[3] << endl;
   }
  }

 if (!fEvent)
 {
  fEvent=new AliEvent();
  fEvent->SetOwner();
 }

 fEvent->Reset();
 fEvent->SetRunNumber(fRunnum);
 fEvent->SetEventNumber(fEventnum);

 AliTrack t;
 Ali3Vector p;
 AliPosition r,rx;
 Float_t v[3];
 AliVertex vert;

 if (fVertexmode)
 {
  // Make sure the primary vertex gets correct location and Id=1
  v[0]=0;
  v[1]=0;
  v[2]=0;
  r.SetPosition(v,"car");
  v[0]=fResolution;
  v[1]=fResolution;
  v[2]=fResolution;
  r.SetPositionErrors(v,"car");

  vert.SetId(1);
  vert.SetTrackCopy(0);
  vert.SetVertexCopy(0);
  vert.SetPosition(r);
  fEvent->AddVertex(vert,0);
 }

 Int_t kf=0;
 Float_t charge=0,mass=0;

 Int_t ntypes=4;

 // Singular settings for a normal Pythia elementary particle interation 
 if (!fNucl)
 {
  ntypes=1;
  ncols[0]=1;
 }

 // Generate all the various collisions
 Int_t first=1; // Flag to indicate the first collision process
 Double_t pnucl;
 Int_t npart=0,ntk=0;
 Double_t dist=0;
 for (Int_t itype=0; itype<ntypes; itype++)
 {
  if (fNucl)
  {
   if (itype==0 && ncols[itype]) Initialize(fFrame,"p","p",fWin);
   if (itype==1 && ncols[itype]) Initialize(fFrame,"n","p",fWin);
   if (itype==2 && ncols[itype]) Initialize(fFrame,"p","n",fWin);
   if (itype==3 && ncols[itype]) Initialize(fFrame,"n","n",fWin);
  }
  for (Int_t jcol=0; jcol<ncols[itype]; jcol++)
  {
   GenerateEvent();

   if (first) // Store projectile and target information in the event structure
   {
    if (fNucl)
    {
     v[0]=GetP(1,1);
     v[1]=GetP(1,2);
     v[2]=GetP(1,3);
     pnucl=sqrt(v[0]*v[0]+v[1]*v[1]+v[2]*v[2]);
     fEvent->SetProjectile(fAproj,fZproj,pnucl);
     v[0]=GetP(2,1);
     v[1]=GetP(2,2);
     v[2]=GetP(2,3);
     pnucl=sqrt(v[0]*v[0]+v[1]*v[1]+v[2]*v[2]);
     fEvent->SetTarget(fAtarg,fZtarg,pnucl);
    }
    else
    {
     v[0]=GetP(1,1);
     v[1]=GetP(1,2);
     v[2]=GetP(1,3);
     pnucl=sqrt(v[0]*v[0]+v[1]*v[1]+v[2]*v[2]);
     kf=GetK(1,2);
     fEvent->SetProjectile(0,0,pnucl,kf);
     v[0]=GetP(2,1);
     v[1]=GetP(2,2);
     v[2]=GetP(2,3);
     pnucl=sqrt(v[0]*v[0]+v[1]*v[1]+v[2]*v[2]);
     kf=GetK(2,2);
     fEvent->SetTarget(0,0,pnucl,kf);
    }
    first=0;
   }

   if (medit >= 0) Pyedit(medit); // Define which particles are to be kept

   if (mlist >= 0) Pylist(mlist);

   npart=GetN();
   for (Int_t jpart=1; jpart<=npart; jpart++)
   {
    kf=GetK(jpart,2);
    charge=Pychge(kf)/3.;
    mass=GetP(jpart,5);

    // 3-momentum in GeV/c
    v[0]=GetP(jpart,1);
    v[1]=GetP(jpart,2);
    v[2]=GetP(jpart,3);
    p.SetVector(v,"car");

    // Production location in cm.
    v[0]=GetV(jpart,1)/10;
    v[1]=GetV(jpart,2)/10;
    v[2]=GetV(jpart,3)/10;
    r.SetPosition(v,"car");

    ntk++;

    t.Reset();
    t.SetId(ntk);
    t.SetParticleCode(kf);
    t.SetCharge(charge);
    t.SetMass(mass);
    t.Set3Momentum(p);
    t.SetBeginPoint(r);

    fEvent->AddTrack(t);

    // Build the vertex structures if requested
    if (fVertexmode)
    {
     // Check if track belongs within the resolution to an existing vertex
     Int_t add=0;  
     for (Int_t jv=1; jv<=fEvent->GetNvertices(); jv++)
     {
      AliVertex* vx=fEvent->GetVertex(jv);
      if (vx)
      {
       rx=vx->GetPosition();
       dist=rx.GetDistance(r);
       if (dist < fResolution)
       {
        AliTrack* tx=fEvent->GetIdTrack(ntk);
        if (tx)
        { 
         vx->AddTrack(tx);
         add=1;
        }
       }
      }
      if (add) break; // No need to look further for vertex candidates
     }

     // If track was not close enough to an existing vertex
     // a new secondary vertex is created      
     if (!add && fVertexmode>1)
     {
      AliTrack* tx=fEvent->GetIdTrack(ntk);
      if (tx)
      {
       v[0]=fResolution;
       v[1]=fResolution;
       v[2]=fResolution;
       r.SetPositionErrors(v,"car");
       vert.Reset();
       vert.SetTrackCopy(0);
       vert.SetVertexCopy(0);
       vert.SetId((fEvent->GetNvertices())+1);
       vert.SetPosition(r);
       vert.AddTrack(tx);
       fEvent->AddVertex(vert,0);
      } 
     }
    }
   } // End of loop over the produced particles for each collision
  } // End of loop over number of collisions for each type
 } // End of loop over collision types

 // Link sec. vertices to primary if requested
 // Note that also the connecting tracks are automatically created
 if (fVertexmode>2)
 {
  AliVertex* vp=fEvent->GetIdVertex(1); // Primary vertex
  if (vp)
  {
   for (Int_t i=2; i<=fEvent->GetNvertices(); i++)
   {
    AliVertex* vx=fEvent->GetVertex(i);
    if (vx)
    {
     if (vx->GetId() != 1) vp->AddVertex(vx);
    }
   }
  }
 }

 if (mlist && !(fEventnum%fPrintfreq)) cout << endl; // Create empty output line after the event
 if (fOutTree) fOutTree->Fill();
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
AliEvent* AliCollider::GetEvent()
{
// Provide pointer to the generated event structure.
 return fEvent;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void AliCollider::EndRun()
{
// Properly close the output file (if needed).
 if (fOutFile)
 {
  fOutFile->Write();
  fOutFile->Close();
  cout << " *AliCollider::EndRun* Output file correctly closed." << endl;
 }
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////