[u/mrichter/AliRoot.git] / PYTHIA8 / pythia8170 / phpdoc / ProcessSelection.php

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<h2>Process Selection</h2>

There is no way PYTHIA could contain all processes of interest, 
neither in terms of potential physics topics nor in terms of
high-multiplicity final states. What exists is a reasonably
complete setup of all <i>2 -> 1</i> and <i>2 -> 2</i>
processes within the Standard Model, plus some examples of
processes beyond that, again for low multiplicities. Combined with 
the PYTHIA parton showers, this should be enough to get a flying 
start in the study of many physics scenarios. 
Other processes could be fed in via the 
<?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='LesHouchesAccord.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Les Houches Accord</a> 
or be implemented as a 
<?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='SemiInternalProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Semi-Internal Process</a>. 
In the latter case the existing processes would act as obvious 
templates. 

<p/>
By default all processes are switched off. You should switch on 
those you want to simulate. This may be done at two (occasionally 
three) levels, either for each individual process or for a group of 
processes. That is, a process is going to be generated either if its 
own flag or its group flag is on. There is no built-in construction 
to switch on a group and then switch off a few of its members.

<p/>
Each process is assigned an integer code. This code is not used in
the internal administration of events (so having the same code for
two completely different processes would not be a problem), but only 
intended to allow a simpler user separation of different processes. 
Also the process name is available, as a string.

<p/>
To ease navigation, the list of processes has been split into several
separate pages, by main topic. The classification is hopefully
intuitive, but by no means unambiguous. For instance, essentially 
all processes involve QCD, so the "QCD processes" are the ones that
only involve QCD. (And also that is not completely true, once one 
includes all that may happen in multiparton interactions.) On these 
separate pages also appear the settings that are completely local
to that particular process class, but not the ones that have a 
broader usage.

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='QCDProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>QCD Processes</a></h3>

QCD processes fall in two main categories: soft and hard. The soft ones
contain elastic, diffractive and "minimum-bias" events, together
covering the total cross section. Hard processea are the normal
<i>2 -> 2</i> ones, including charm and bottom production. 
<br/>Reserved code range: 101 - 199. 

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='ElectroweakProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Electroweak Processes</a></h3>

Prompt-photon, <i>gamma^*/Z^0</i> and <i>W^+-</i> production, 
plus a few processes with <i>t</i>-channel boson exchange.
<br/>Reserved code range: 201 - 299. 

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='OniaProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Onia Processes</a></h3>

Colour singlet and octet production of charmonium and bottomonium.
<br/>Reserved code range: 401 - 499 for charmonium and 
501 - 599 for bottomonium. 

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='TopProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Top Processes</a></h3>

Top production, singly or doubly.
<br/>Reserved code range: 601 - 699. 

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='FourthGenerationProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Fourth-Generation 
Processes</a></h3>

Production of hypothetical fourth-generation fermions.
<br/>Reserved code range: 801 - 899. 

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='HiggsProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Higgs Processes</a></h3>

Higgs production, within or beyond the Standard Model.
See section on Left-Right-Symmetry processes for doubly charged Higgses.
<br/>Reserved code range: 901 - 999 for a Standard Model Higgs 
and 1001 - 1199 for MSSM Higgses. 

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='SUSYProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>SUSY Processes</a></h3>

Production of supersymmetric particles, currently barely begun.
<br/>Reserved code range: 1001 - 2999. (Whereof 1001 - 1199
for Higgses; see above.) 

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='NewGaugeBosonProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>New-Gauge-Boson 
Processes</a></h3>

Production of new gauge bosons such as <i>Z'</i> and <i>W'</i>.
<br/>Reserved code range: 3001 - 3099. 

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='LeftRightSymmetryProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Left-Right-Symmetry 
Processes</a></h3>

Production of righthanded <i>Z_R</i> and <i>W_R</i> bosons and of
doubly charged Higgses.
<br/>Reserved code range: 3101 - 3199. 

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='LeptoquarkProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Leptoquark Processes</a></h3>

Production of a simple scalar leptoquark state.
<br/>Reserved code range: 3201 - 3299. 

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='CompositenessProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Compositeness Processes</a></h3>

Production of excited fermion states and contact-interaction modification
to interactions between fermions (excluding technicolor; see below). 
<br/>Reserved code range: 4001 - 4099. 

<h3>Technicolor Processes</h3>

Production of technicolor particles and modifications of QCD processes
by technicolor interactions. Does not exist yet. 
<br/>Reserved code range: 4101 - 4199. 

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='HiddenValleyProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Hidden Valley Processes</a></h3>
A scenario for the pair prodiction of new particles with couplings 
under a new gauge group, with invisible gauge bosons. Radiation of 
these gauge bosons is included in the standard final-state parton
shower.
<br/>Reserved code range: 4901 - 4999. 

<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
echo "<a href='ExtraDimensionalProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Extra-Dimensional 
Processes</a></h3>

A vast area, here represented by the production of a Randall-Sundrum
excited graviton state and a Kaluza-Klein gluon, a Kaluza-Klein tower
of <i>gamma/Z^0</i> excitations in one TeV^- sized extra dimension, 
several Large Extra Dimension processes, and a few related Unparticle 
processes.
<br/>Reserved code range: 5001 - 5099. 

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<!-- Copyright (C) 2012 Torbjorn Sjostrand -->
Commit	Line	Data
63ba5337	1	<html>
	2	<head>
	3	<title>Process Selection</title>
	4	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="pythia.css"/>
	5	<link rel="shortcut icon" href="pythia32.gif"/>
	6	</head>
	7	<body>
	8
	9	<script language=javascript type=text/javascript>
	10	function stopRKey(evt) {
	11	var evt = (evt) ? evt : ((event) ? event : null);
	12	var node = (evt.target) ? evt.target :((evt.srcElement) ? evt.srcElement : null);
	13	if ((evt.keyCode == 13) && (node.type=="text"))
	14	{return false;}
	15	}
	16
	17	document.onkeypress = stopRKey;
	18	</script>
	19	<?php
	20	if($_POST['saved'] == 1) {
	21	if($_POST['filepath'] != "files/") {
	22	echo "<font color='red'>SETTINGS SAVED TO FILE</font><br/><br/>"; }
	23	else {
	24	echo "<font color='red'>NO FILE SELECTED YET.. PLEASE DO SO </font><a href='SaveSettings.php'>HERE</a><br/><br/>"; }
	25	}
	26	?>
	27
	28	<form method='post' action='ProcessSelection.php'>
	29
	30	<h2>Process Selection</h2>
	31
	32	There is no way PYTHIA could contain all processes of interest,
	33	neither in terms of potential physics topics nor in terms of
	34	high-multiplicity final states. What exists is a reasonably
	35	complete setup of all <i>2 -> 1</i> and <i>2 -> 2</i>
	36	processes within the Standard Model, plus some examples of
	37	processes beyond that, again for low multiplicities. Combined with
	38	the PYTHIA parton showers, this should be enough to get a flying
	39	start in the study of many physics scenarios.
	40	Other processes could be fed in via the
	41	<?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
	42	echo "<a href='LesHouchesAccord.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Les Houches Accord</a>
	43	or be implemented as a
	44	<?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
	45	echo "<a href='SemiInternalProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Semi-Internal Process</a>.
	46	In the latter case the existing processes would act as obvious
	47	templates.
	48
	49	<p/>
	50	By default all processes are switched off. You should switch on
	51	those you want to simulate. This may be done at two (occasionally
	52	three) levels, either for each individual process or for a group of
	53	processes. That is, a process is going to be generated either if its
	54	own flag or its group flag is on. There is no built-in construction
	55	to switch on a group and then switch off a few of its members.
	56
	57	<p/>
	58	Each process is assigned an integer code. This code is not used in
	59	the internal administration of events (so having the same code for
	60	two completely different processes would not be a problem), but only
	61	intended to allow a simpler user separation of different processes.
	62	Also the process name is available, as a string.
	63
	64	<p/>
65	To ease navigation, the list of processes has been split into several
66	separate pages, by main topic. The classification is hopefully
67	intuitive, but by no means unambiguous. For instance, essentially
68	all processes involve QCD, so the "QCD processes" are the ones that
69	only involve QCD. (And also that is not completely true, once one
70	includes all that may happen in multiparton interactions.) On these
71	separate pages also appear the settings that are completely local
72	to that particular process class, but not the ones that have a
73	broader usage.
74
75	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
76	echo "<a href='QCDProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>QCD Processes</a></h3>
77
78	QCD processes fall in two main categories: soft and hard. The soft ones
79	contain elastic, diffractive and "minimum-bias" events, together
80	covering the total cross section. Hard processea are the normal
81	<i>2 -> 2</i> ones, including charm and bottom production.
82	<br/>Reserved code range: 101 - 199.
83
84	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
85	echo "<a href='ElectroweakProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Electroweak Processes</a></h3>
86
87	Prompt-photon, <i>gamma^*/Z^0</i> and <i>W^+-</i> production,
88	plus a few processes with <i>t</i>-channel boson exchange.
89	<br/>Reserved code range: 201 - 299.
90
91	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
92	echo "<a href='OniaProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Onia Processes</a></h3>
93
94	Colour singlet and octet production of charmonium and bottomonium.
95	<br/>Reserved code range: 401 - 499 for charmonium and
96	501 - 599 for bottomonium.
97
98	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
99	echo "<a href='TopProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Top Processes</a></h3>
100
101	Top production, singly or doubly.
102	<br/>Reserved code range: 601 - 699.
103
104	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
105	echo "<a href='FourthGenerationProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Fourth-Generation
106	Processes</a></h3>
107
108	Production of hypothetical fourth-generation fermions.
109	<br/>Reserved code range: 801 - 899.
110
111	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
112	echo "<a href='HiggsProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Higgs Processes</a></h3>
113
114	Higgs production, within or beyond the Standard Model.
115	See section on Left-Right-Symmetry processes for doubly charged Higgses.
116	<br/>Reserved code range: 901 - 999 for a Standard Model Higgs
117	and 1001 - 1199 for MSSM Higgses.
118
119	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
120	echo "<a href='SUSYProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>SUSY Processes</a></h3>
121
122	Production of supersymmetric particles, currently barely begun.
123	<br/>Reserved code range: 1001 - 2999. (Whereof 1001 - 1199
124	for Higgses; see above.)
125
126	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
127	echo "<a href='NewGaugeBosonProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>New-Gauge-Boson
128	Processes</a></h3>
129
130	Production of new gauge bosons such as <i>Z'</i> and <i>W'</i>.
131	<br/>Reserved code range: 3001 - 3099.
132
133	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
134	echo "<a href='LeftRightSymmetryProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Left-Right-Symmetry
135	Processes</a></h3>
136
137	Production of righthanded <i>Z_R</i> and <i>W_R</i> bosons and of
138	doubly charged Higgses.
139	<br/>Reserved code range: 3101 - 3199.
140
141	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
142	echo "<a href='LeptoquarkProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Leptoquark Processes</a></h3>
143
144	Production of a simple scalar leptoquark state.
145	<br/>Reserved code range: 3201 - 3299.
146
147	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
148	echo "<a href='CompositenessProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Compositeness Processes</a></h3>
149
150	Production of excited fermion states and contact-interaction modification
151	to interactions between fermions (excluding technicolor; see below).
152	<br/>Reserved code range: 4001 - 4099.
153
154	<h3>Technicolor Processes</h3>
155
156	Production of technicolor particles and modifications of QCD processes
157	by technicolor interactions. Does not exist yet.
158	<br/>Reserved code range: 4101 - 4199.
159
160	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
161	echo "<a href='HiddenValleyProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Hidden Valley Processes</a></h3>
162	A scenario for the pair prodiction of new particles with couplings
163	under a new gauge group, with invisible gauge bosons. Radiation of
164	these gauge bosons is included in the standard final-state parton
165	shower.
166	<br/>Reserved code range: 4901 - 4999.
167
168	<h3><?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
169	echo "<a href='ExtraDimensionalProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Extra-Dimensional
170	Processes</a></h3>
171
172	A vast area, here represented by the production of a Randall-Sundrum
173	excited graviton state and a Kaluza-Klein gluon, a Kaluza-Klein tower
174	of <i>gamma/Z^0</i> excitations in one TeV^- sized extra dimension,
175	several Large Extra Dimension processes, and a few related Unparticle
176	processes.
177	<br/>Reserved code range: 5001 - 5099.
178
179	</body>
180	</html>
181
182	<!-- Copyright (C) 2012 Torbjorn Sjostrand -->
183