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3<title>SUSY Les Houches Accord</title>
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29
30<h2>SUSY Les Houches Accord</h2>
31
32The PYTHIA 8 program does not contain an internal spectrum calculator
33(a.k.a. RGE package) to provide supersymmetric couplings, mixing angles,
34masses and branching ratios. Thus the SUSY Les Houches Accord (SLHA)
35[<a href="Bibliography.php" target="page">Ska04</a>][<a href="Bibliography.php" target="page">All08</a>] is the only way of
36inputting SUSY models, and SUSY processes (see
37the <?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
38echo "<a href='SUSYProcesses.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>SUSYProcesses</a> page)
39cannot be run unless such an input has taken place.
40
41<p/>
42The SLHA input format can also be extended for use with more general BSM
43models, beyond SUSY. Information specific to how to use the SLHA
44interface for generic BSM models is collected below,
45under <a href="#generic">Using SLHA for generic BSM Models</a>, with
46more elaborate explanations and examples in [<a href="Bibliography.php" target="page">Des11</a>].
47
48<p/>
49Most of the SUSY implementation in PYTHIA 8 is compatible with both the
50SLHA1 [<a href="Bibliography.php" target="page">Ska04</a>] and SLHA2 [<a href="Bibliography.php" target="page">All08</a>]
51conventions (with some limitations for the NMSSM
52in the latter case). Internally, PYTHIA 8 uses the
53SLHA2 conventions and translates SLHA1 input to these when necessary.
54See the section on SUSY Processes and [<a href="Bibliography.php" target="page">Des11</a>] for more
55information. Note that PYTHIA assumes that a spectrum is either fully SHLA1
56or fully SLHA2 compliant. Mixing of the two standards is discouraged, as
57this can lead to ambiguities and inconsistencies.
58
59<p/>
60When reading LHEF files, Pythia automatically looks for SLHA information
61between <code>&lt;slha&gt;...&lt;/slha&gt;</code> tags in the header of such
62files. When running Pythia without LHEF input (or if reading an LHEF
63file that does not contain SLHA information in the header), a separate
64file containing SLHA information may be specified using
65<code>SLHA:file</code> (see below).
66
67<p/>
68Normally the LHEF would be in uncompressed format, and thus human-readable
69if opened in a text editor. A possibility to read gzipped files has
70been added, based on the Boost and zlib libraries, which therefore
71have to be linked appropriately in order for this option to work.
72See the <code>README</code> file in the main directory for details
73on how to do this.
74
75<p/>
76Finally, the SLHA input capability can of course also be used to input
77SLHA-formatted <code>MASS</code> and <code>DECAY</code> tables for
78other particles, such as the Higgs boson, furnishing a less
79sophisticated but more universal complement to the
80standard PYTHIA 8-specific methods for inputting such information (for the
81latter, see the section on <?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
82echo "<a href='ParticleData.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>Particle Data</a>
83and the <?php $filepath = $_GET["filepath"];
84echo "<a href='ParticleDataScheme.php?filepath=".$filepath."' target='page'>";?>scheme</a> to modify it). This
85may at times not be desirable, so a few options can be used to curb the right
86of SLHA to overwrite particle data.
87Conversely, it is sometimes useful to allow the user to modify
88eg a mass parameter relative to its value in the SLHA spectrum.
89This is normally not permitted (the SLHA spectrum is normally self-consistent
90and should not be modified), but an option for allowing it is provided.
91
92<p/>
93The reading-in of information from SLHA or LHEF files is handled by the
94<code>SusyLesHouches</code> class, while the subsequent calculation of
95derived quantities of direct application to SUSY processes is done in the
96<code>CoupSUSY</code>, <code>SigmaSUSY</code>,
97and <code>SUSYResonanceWidths</code> classes.
98
99<h3>SLHA Switches and Parameters</h3>
100
101<p/><code>mode&nbsp; </code><strong> SLHA:readFrom &nbsp;</strong>
102 (<code>default = <strong>1</strong></code>; <code>minimum = 0</code>; <code>maximum = 2</code>)<br/>
103Controls from where SLHA information is read.
104<br/><code>option </code><strong> 0</strong> : is not read at all. Useful when SUSY is not simulated
105and normal particle properties should not be overwritten.
106<br/><code>option </code><strong> 1</strong> : read in from the <code>&lt;slha&gt;...&lt;/slha&gt;</code>
107block of a LHEF, if such a file is read during initialization, and else
108from the <code>SLHA:file</code> below.
109<br/><code>option </code><strong> 2</strong> : read in from the <code>SLHA:file</code> below.
110
111
112<br/><br/><table><tr><td><strong>SLHA:file </td><td></td><td> <input type="text" name="1" value="void" size="20"/> &nbsp;&nbsp;(<code>default = <strong>void</strong></code>)</td></tr></table>
113Name of an SLHA (or LHEF) file containing the SUSY/BSM model definition,
114spectra, and (optionally) decay tables. Default <code>void</code>
115signals that no such file has been assigned.
116
117
118<br/><br/><strong>SLHA:keepSM</strong> <input type="radio" name="2" value="on" checked="checked"><strong>On</strong>
119<input type="radio" name="2" value="off"><strong>Off</strong>
120 &nbsp;&nbsp;(<code>default = <strong>on</strong></code>)<br/>
121Some programs write SLHA output also for SM particles where normally
122one would not want to have masses and decay modes changed unwittingly.
123Therefore, by default, known SM particles are ignored in SLHA files.
124To be more specific, particle data for identity codes in the ranges
1251 - 24 and 81 - 999,999 are ignored. Notably this includes <i>Z^0</i>,
126<i>W^+-</i> and <i>t</i>. The SM Higgs is modified by the SLHA input,
127as is other codes in the range 25 - 80 and 1,000,000 - . If you
128switch off this flag then also SM particles are modified by SLHA input.
129
130
131<br/><br/><table><tr><td><strong>SLHA:minMassSM </td><td></td><td> <input type="text" name="3" value="100.0" size="20"/> &nbsp;&nbsp;(<code>default = <strong>100.0</strong></code>)</td></tr></table>
132This parameter provides an alternative possibility to ignore SLHA input
133for all particles with identity codes below 1,000,000 (which mainly
134means SM particle, but also includes e.g. the Higgs bosons in
135two-Higgs-doublet scenarios) whose default masses in PYTHIA lie below
136some threshold value, given by this parameter. The default value of
137100.0 allows SLHA input to modify the top quark, but not, e.g., the
138<i>Z^0</i> and <i>W^+-</i> bosons.
139
140
141<br/><br/><strong>SLHA:allowUserOverride</strong> <input type="radio" name="4" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
142<input type="radio" name="4" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
143 &nbsp;&nbsp;(<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
144Flag to set whether the user is allowed to modify the parameters read
145from an SLHA spectrum. Is normally kept <code>off</code> to preserve the
146internal self-consistency of SLHA spectra. If this flag is switched
147<code>on</code>, the mass values read from the SLHA block MASS are
148allowed to be modified by the user, using PYTHIA's standard
149<code>readString</code> and related methods.
150
151
152<h3>SLHA DECAY Tables</h3>
153
154<br/><br/><strong>SLHA:useDecayTable</strong> <input type="radio" name="5" value="on" checked="checked"><strong>On</strong>
155<input type="radio" name="5" value="off"><strong>Off</strong>
156 &nbsp;&nbsp;(<code>default = <strong>on</strong></code>)<br/>
157Switch to choose whether to read in SLHA <code>DECAY</code> tables or not.
158If this switch is set to off, PYTHIA will ignore any decay tables found
159in the SLHA file, and all decay widths will be calculated internally by
160PYTHIA. If switched on, SLHA decay tables will be read in, and will
161then supersede PYTHIA's internal calculations, with PYTHIA only
162computing the decays for particles for which no SLHA decay table is
163found. (To set a particle stable, you may either omit an SLHA
164<code>DECAY</code> table for it and then
165use PYTHIA's internal <code>id:MayDecay</code> switch for that
166particle, or you may include an SLHA <code>DECAY</code> table for it,
167with the width set explicitly to zero.)
168
169
170<br/><br/><table><tr><td><strong>SLHA:minDecayDeltaM </td><td></td><td> <input type="text" name="6" value="1.0" size="20"/> &nbsp;&nbsp;(<code>default = <strong>1.0</strong></code>)</td></tr></table>
171This parameter sets the smallest allowed mass difference (in GeV,
172between the mass of the mother and the sum of the daughter masses)
173for a decay mode in a DECAY table to be switched on inside PYTHIA. The
174default is to require at least 1 GeV of open phase space, but this can
175be reduced (at the user's risk) for instance to be able to treat
176decays in models with very small mass splittings.
177
178
179<h3>Internal SLHA Variables</h3>
180
181<p/><code>mode&nbsp; </code><strong> SLHA:verbose &nbsp;</strong>
182 (<code>default = <strong>1</strong></code>; <code>minimum = 0</code>; <code>maximum = 3</code>)<br/>
183Controls amount of text output written by the SLHA interface, with a
184value of 0 corresponding to the most quiet mode.
185
186
187The following variables are used internally by PYTHIA as local copies
188of SLHA information. User changes will generally have no effect, since
189these variables will be reset by the SLHA reader during initialization.
190
191<br/><br/><strong>SLHA:NMSSM</strong> <input type="radio" name="7" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
192<input type="radio" name="7" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
193 &nbsp;&nbsp;(<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
194Corresponds to SLHA block MODSEL entry 3.
195
196
197<a name="generic"></a>
198<h2>Using SLHA for generic BSM Models</h2>
199
200</p>
201Using the <code>QNUMBERS</code> extension [<a href="Bibliography.php" target="page">Alw07</a>], the SLHA
202can also be used to define new particles, with arbitrary quantum
203numbers. This already serves as a useful way to introduce new
204particles and can be combined with <code>MASS</code> and
205<code>DECAY</code> tables in the usual
206way, to generate isotropically distributed decays or even chains of
207such decays. (If you want something better than isotropic, sorry, you'll
208have to do some actual work ...)
209</p>
210
211</p>
212A more advanced further option is to make use of the possibility
213in the SLHA to include user-defined blocks with arbitrary
214names and contents. Obviously, standalone
215PYTHIA 8 does not know what to do with such information. However, it
216does not throw it away either, but instead stores the contents of user
217blocks as strings, which can be read back later, with the user
218having full control over the format used to read the individual entries.
219</p>
220
221<p>
222The contents of both standard and user-defined SLHA blocks can be accessed
223in any class inheriting from PYTHIA 8's <code>SigmaProcess</code>
224class (i.e., in particular, from any semi-internal process written by
225a user), through its SLHA pointer, <code>slhaPtr</code>, by using the
226following methods:
227<a name="method1"></a>
228<p/><strong> &nbsp;</strong> <br/>
229 bool slhaPtr->getEntry(string blockName, double& val);
230
231<strong> &nbsp;</strong> <br/>
232 bool slhaPtr->getEntry(string blockName, int indx, double& val);
233
234<strong> &nbsp;</strong> <br/>
235 bool slhaPtr->getEntry(string blockName, int indx, int jndx, double& val);
236
237<strong> &nbsp;</strong> <br/>
238 bool slhaPtr->getEntry(string blockName, int indx, int jndx, int
239 kndx, double& val);
240
241</p>
242
243<p>
244This particular example assumes that the user wants to read the
245entries (without index, indexed, matrix-indexed, or 3-tensor-indexed,
246respectively) in the user-defined block <code>blockName</code>,
247and that it should be interpreted as
248a <code>double</code>. The last argument is templated, and hence if
249anything other than a <code>double</code> is desired to be read, the
250user has only to give the last argument a different type.
251If anything went wrong (i.e., the block doesn't
252exist, or it doesn't have an entry with that index, or that entry
253can't be read as a double), the method returns false; true
254otherwise. This effectively allows to input completely arbitrary
255parameters using the SLHA machinery, with the user having full control
256over names and conventions. Of course, it is then the user's
257responsibility to ensure complete consistency between the names and
258conventions used in the SLHA input, and those assumed in any
259user-written semi-internal process code.
260</p>
261
262<p>
263Note that PYTHIA 8 always initializes at least
264the SLHA blocks MASS and SMINPUTS, starting from its internal
265SM parameters and particle data table values (updated to take into
266account user modifications). These blocks can therefore be accessed
267using the <code>slhaPtr->getEntry()</code> methods even in the absence
268of SLHA input.
269Note: in the SMINPUTS block, PYTHIA outputs physically correct
270(i.e., measured) values of <i>GF</i>, <i>m_Z</i>, and
271<i>alpha_EM(m_Z)</i>. However, if one attempts to compute, e.g.,
272the W mass, at one loop from these quantities, a value of 79 GeV results,
273with a corresponding value for the weak mixing angle. We advise to
274instead take the physically measured W mass from block MASS, and
275recompute the EW parameters as best suited for the application at hand.
276</p>
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286<?php
287
288if($_POST["saved"] == 1)
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293if($_POST["1"] != "void")
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315$data = "SLHA:useDecayTable = ".$_POST["5"]."\n";
316fwrite($handle,$data);
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318if($_POST["6"] != "1.0")
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326fwrite($handle,$data);
327}
328fclose($handle);
329}
330
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