1 /**************************************************************************
2 * Copyright(c) 1998-1999, ALICE Experiment at CERN, All rights reserved. *
4 * Author: The ALICE Off-line Project. *
5 * Contributors are mentioned in the code where appropriate. *
7 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its *
8 * documentation strictly for non-commercial purposes is hereby granted *
9 * without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all *
10 * copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice *
11 * appear in the supporting documentation. The authors make no claims *
12 * about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is *
13 * provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. *
14 **************************************************************************/
18 //_________________________________________________________________________
19 // Base Class for EMCAL description:
20 // This class contains material definitions
21 // for the EMCAL - It does not place the detector in Alice
22 //*-- Author: Yves Schutz (SUBATECH)
24 //*-- Additional Contributions: Sahal Yacoob (LBNL/UCT)
26 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
28 // --- ROOT system ---
32 #include <TVirtualMC.h>
38 // --- Standard library ---
40 // --- AliRoot header files ---
44 #include "AliEMCALLoader.h"
45 #include "AliEMCALSDigitizer.h"
46 #include "AliEMCALDigitizer.h"
47 #include "AliEMCALDigit.h"
48 #include "AliAltroBuffer.h"
49 #include "AliRawReader.h"
50 #include "AliEMCALRawStream.h"
54 Double_t AliEMCAL::fgCapa = 1.; // 1pF
55 Int_t AliEMCAL::fgOrder = 2 ;
56 Double_t AliEMCAL::fgTimeMax = 2.56E-5 ; // each sample is over 100 ns fTimeMax/fTimeBins
57 Double_t AliEMCAL::fgTimePeak = 4.1E-6 ; // 4 micro seconds
58 Double_t AliEMCAL::fgTimeTrigger = 100E-9 ; // 100ns, just for a reference
59 // some digitization constants
60 Int_t AliEMCAL::fgThreshold = 1;
61 // 24*48=1152 towers per SM; divided up on 3 DDLs,
62 // each DDL with 12FEC *32towers or 12*32*2 channels (high&low gain)
63 Int_t AliEMCAL::fgChannelsPerDDL = 768; // 2*(1152/3 or 12*32)
65 //____________________________________________________________________________
73 fHighLowGainFactor(0.),
82 //____________________________________________________________________________
83 AliEMCAL::AliEMCAL(const char* name, const char* title)
84 : AliDetector(name,title),
90 fHighLowGainFactor(0.),
93 // ctor : title is used to identify the layout
98 //____________________________________________________________________________
104 //____________________________________________________________________________
105 void AliEMCAL::Init(void)
107 //initialize EMCAL values
109 fBirkC1 = 0.013/1.032;
110 fBirkC2 = 9.6e-6/(1.032 * 1.032);
112 fHighCharge = 8.2 ; // adjusted for a high gain range of 5.12 GeV (10 bits)
114 fHighLowGainFactor = 16. ; // adjusted for a low gain range of 82 GeV (10 bits)
115 fLowGainOffset = 1 ; // offset added to the module id to distinguish high and low gain data
118 //____________________________________________________________________________
119 AliDigitizer* AliEMCAL::CreateDigitizer(AliRunDigitizer* manager) const
121 //create and return the digitizer
122 return new AliEMCALDigitizer(manager);
125 //____________________________________________________________________________
126 void AliEMCAL::CreateMaterials()
128 // Definitions of materials to build EMCAL and associated tracking media.
129 // media number in idtmed are 1599 to 1698.
132 Float_t aAir[4]={12.0107,14.0067,15.9994,39.948};
133 Float_t zAir[4]={6.,7.,8.,18.};
134 Float_t wAir[4]={0.000124,0.755267,0.231781,0.012827};
135 Float_t dAir = 1.20479E-3;
136 AliMixture(0, "Air$", aAir, zAir, dAir, 4, wAir) ;
139 AliMaterial(1, "Pb$", 207.2, 82, 11.35, 0.56, 0., 0, 0) ;
142 // --- The polysterene scintillator (CH) ---
143 Float_t aP[2] = {12.011, 1.00794} ;
144 Float_t zP[2] = {6.0, 1.0} ;
145 Float_t wP[2] = {1.0, 1.0} ;
148 AliMixture(2, "Polystyrene$", aP, zP, dP, -2, wP) ;
151 AliMaterial(3, "Al$", 26.98, 13., 2.7, 8.9, 999., 0, 0) ;
152 // --- Absorption length is ignored ^
154 // 25-aug-04 by PAI - see PMD/AliPMDv0.cxx for STEEL definition
155 Float_t asteel[4] = { 55.847,51.9961,58.6934,28.0855 };
156 Float_t zsteel[4] = { 26.,24.,28.,14. };
157 Float_t wsteel[4] = { .715,.18,.1,.005 };
158 AliMixture(4, "STAINLESS STEEL$", asteel, zsteel, 7.88, 4, wsteel);
160 // DEFINITION OF THE TRACKING MEDIA
162 // for EMCAL: idtmed[1599->1698] equivalent to fIdtmed[0->100]
163 Int_t * idtmed = fIdtmed->GetArray() - 1599 ;
164 Int_t isxfld = gAlice->Field()->Integ() ;
165 Float_t sxmgmx = gAlice->Field()->Max() ;
167 // Air -> idtmed[1599]
168 AliMedium(0, "Air$", 0, 0,
169 isxfld, sxmgmx, 10.0, 1.0, 0.1, 0.1, 10.0, 0, 0) ;
171 // The Lead -> idtmed[1600]
173 AliMedium(1, "Lead$", 1, 0,
174 isxfld, sxmgmx, 10.0, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0, 0) ;
176 // The scintillator of the CPV made of Polystyrene scintillator -> idtmed[1601]
177 AliMedium(2, "Scintillator$", 2, 1,
178 isxfld, sxmgmx, 10.0, 0.001, 0.1, 0.001, 0.001, 0, 0) ;
180 // Various Aluminium parts made of Al -> idtmed[1602]
181 AliMedium(3, "Al$", 3, 0,
182 isxfld, sxmgmx, 10.0, 0.1, 0.1, 0.001, 0.001, 0, 0) ;
184 // 25-aug-04 by PAI : see PMD/AliPMDv0.cxx for STEEL definition -> idtmed[1603]
185 AliMedium(4, "S steel$", 4, 0,
186 isxfld, sxmgmx, 10.0, 0.1, 0.1, 0.001, 0.001, 0, 0) ;
188 // --- Set decent energy thresholds for gamma and electron tracking
190 // Tracking threshold for photons and electrons in Lead
191 Float_t cutgam=10.e-5; // 100 kev;
192 Float_t cutele=10.e-5; // 100 kev;
193 TString ntmp(GetTitle());
195 if(ntmp.Contains("10KEV")) {
196 cutele = cutgam = 1.e-5;
197 } else if(ntmp.Contains("50KEV")) {
198 cutele = cutgam = 5.e-5;
199 } else if(ntmp.Contains("100KEV")) {
200 cutele = cutgam = 1.e-4;
201 } else if(ntmp.Contains("200KEV")) {
202 cutele = cutgam = 2.e-4;
203 } else if(ntmp.Contains("500KEV")) {
204 cutele = cutgam = 5.e-4;
207 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1600],"CUTGAM", cutgam);
208 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1600],"CUTELE", cutele); // 1MEV -> 0.1MEV; 15-aug-05
209 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1600],"BCUTE", cutgam); // BCUTE and BCUTM start from GUTGUM
210 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1600],"BCUTM", cutgam); // BCUTE and BCUTM start from GUTGUM
211 // --- Generate explicitly delta rays in Lead ---
212 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1600], "LOSS",3.) ;
213 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1600], "DRAY",1.) ;
214 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1600], "DCUTE", cutele) ;
215 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1600], "DCUTM", cutele) ;
217 // --- in aluminium parts ---
218 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1602],"CUTGAM", cutgam) ;
219 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1602],"CUTELE", cutele) ;
220 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1602],"BCUTE", cutgam); // BCUTE and BCUTM start from GUTGUM
221 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1602],"BCUTM", cutgam); // BCUTE and BCUTM start from GUTGUM
222 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1602], "LOSS",3.) ;
223 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1602], "DRAY",1.) ;
224 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1602], "DCUTE", cutele) ;
225 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1602], "DCUTM", cutele) ;
227 // --- and finally thresholds for photons and electrons in the scintillator ---
228 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1601],"CUTGAM", cutgam) ;
229 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1601],"CUTELE", cutele) ;// 1MEV -> 0.1MEV; 15-aug-05
230 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1601],"BCUTE", cutgam); // BCUTE and BCUTM start from GUTGUM
231 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1601],"BCUTM", cutgam); // BCUTE and BCUTM start from GUTGUM
232 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1601], "LOSS",3.) ; // generate delta rays
233 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1601], "DRAY",1.) ;
234 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1601], "DCUTE", cutele) ;
235 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1601], "DCUTM", cutele) ;
238 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1603],"CUTGAM", cutgam);
239 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1603],"CUTELE", cutele);
240 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1603],"BCUTE", cutgam); // BCUTE and BCUTM start from GUTGUM
241 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1603],"BCUTM", cutgam); // BCUTE and BCUTM start from GUTGUM
242 // --- Generate explicitly delta rays
243 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1603], "LOSS",3.);
244 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1603], "DRAY",1.);
245 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1603], "DCUTE", cutele) ;
246 gMC->Gstpar(idtmed[1603], "DCUTM", cutele) ;
248 //set constants for Birk's Law implentation
251 fBirkC2 = 9.6e-6/(dP * dP);
255 //____________________________________________________________________________
256 void AliEMCAL::Digits2Raw()
258 // convert digits of the current event to raw data
259 AliEMCALLoader * loader = dynamic_cast<AliEMCALLoader*>(fLoader) ;
262 loader->LoadDigits("EMCAL");
264 TClonesArray* digits = loader->Digits() ;
267 Error("Digits2Raw", "no digits found !");
272 loader->LoadDigitizer();
273 AliEMCALDigitizer * digitizer = dynamic_cast<AliEMCALDigitizer *>(loader->Digitizer()) ;
276 AliAltroBuffer* buffer = NULL;
278 Int_t adcValuesLow[fgkTimeBins];
279 Int_t adcValuesHigh[fgkTimeBins];
281 // loop over digits (assume ordered digits)
282 for (Int_t iDigit = 0; iDigit < digits->GetEntries(); iDigit++) {
283 AliEMCALDigit* digit = dynamic_cast<AliEMCALDigit *>(digits->At(iDigit)) ;
284 if (digit->GetAmp() < fgThreshold)
286 Int_t iDDL = digit->GetId() / fgChannelsPerDDL ;
287 // for each DDL id is numbered from 1 to fgChannelsperDDL -1
288 Int_t idDDL = digit->GetId() - iDDL * ( fgChannelsPerDDL - 1 ) ;
290 if (iDDL != prevDDL) {
291 // write real header and close previous file
294 buffer->WriteDataHeader(kFALSE, kFALSE);
298 // open new file and write dummy header
299 TString fileName(AliDAQ::DdlFileName("EMCAL",iDDL));
300 buffer = new AliAltroBuffer(fileName.Data());
301 buffer->WriteDataHeader(kTRUE, kFALSE); //Dummy;
306 // out of time range signal (?)
307 if (digit->GetTimeR() > GetRawFormatTimeMax() ) {
308 buffer->FillBuffer(digit->GetAmp());
309 buffer->FillBuffer(GetRawFormatTimeBins() ); // time bin
310 buffer->FillBuffer(3); // bunch length
311 buffer->WriteTrailer(3, idDDL, 0, 0); // trailer
313 // calculate the time response function
315 Double_t energy = 0 ;
316 energy = digit->GetAmp() * digitizer->GetECAchannel() + digitizer->GetECApedestal() ;
318 Bool_t lowgain = RawSampledResponse(digit->GetTimeR(), energy, adcValuesHigh, adcValuesLow) ;
321 buffer->WriteChannel(iDDL, 0, fLowGainOffset,
322 GetRawFormatTimeBins(), adcValuesLow, fgThreshold);
324 buffer->WriteChannel(iDDL, 0, 0,
325 GetRawFormatTimeBins(), adcValuesHigh, fgThreshold);
330 // write real header and close last file
333 buffer->WriteDataHeader(kFALSE, kFALSE);
337 loader->UnloadDigits();
340 //____________________________________________________________________________
341 void AliEMCAL::Raw2Digits(AliRawReader* reader)
343 // convert raw data of the current event to digits
345 AliEMCALLoader * loader = dynamic_cast<AliEMCALLoader*>(fLoader) ;
348 loader->CleanDigits(); // start from scratch
349 loader->LoadDigits("EMCAL");
350 TClonesArray* digits = loader->Digits() ;
351 digits->Clear(); // yes, this is perhaps somewhat paranoid.. [clearing an extra time]
354 Error("Raw2Digits", "no digits found !");
358 Error("Raw2Digits", "no raw reader found !");
362 // and get the digitizer too
363 loader->LoadDigitizer();
364 AliEMCALDigitizer * digitizer = dynamic_cast<AliEMCALDigitizer *>(loader->Digitizer()) ;
366 // Use AliAltroRawStream to read the ALTRO format. No need to
367 // reinvent the wheel :-)
368 AliEMCALRawStream in(reader);
369 // Select EMCAL DDL's;
370 reader->Select("EMCAL");
372 // reading is from previously existing AliEMCALGetter.cxx
374 Bool_t first = kTRUE ;
376 TF1 * signalF = new TF1("signal", RawResponseFunction, 0, GetRawFormatTimeMax(), 4);
377 signalF->SetParNames("Charge", "Gain", "Amplitude", "TimeZero");
380 Bool_t lowGainFlag = kFALSE ;
385 Double_t energy = 0. ;
387 TGraph * gLowGain = new TGraph(GetRawFormatTimeBins()) ;
388 TGraph * gHighGain= new TGraph(GetRawFormatTimeBins()) ;
390 while ( in.Next() ) { // EMCAL entries loop
391 if ( in.IsNewId() ) {
393 FitRaw(lowGainFlag, gLowGain, gHighGain, signalF, energy, time) ;
395 if (time == 0. && energy == 0.) {
399 amp = static_cast<Int_t>( (energy - digitizer->GetECApedestal()) / digitizer->GetECAchannel() + 0.5 ) ;
403 new((*digits)[idigit]) AliEMCALDigit( -1, -1, id, amp, time) ;
407 for (index = 0; index < GetRawFormatTimeBins(); index++) {
408 gLowGain->SetPoint(index, index * GetRawFormatTimeMax() / GetRawFormatTimeBins(), 0) ;
409 gHighGain->SetPoint(index, index * GetRawFormatTimeMax() / GetRawFormatTimeBins(), 0) ;
414 if (in.GetModule() == GetRawFormatLowGainOffset() ) {
415 lowGainFlag = kTRUE ;
418 lowGainFlag = kFALSE ;
422 gLowGain->SetPoint(in.GetTime(),
423 in.GetTime()* GetRawFormatTimeMax() / GetRawFormatTimeBins(),
427 gHighGain->SetPoint(in.GetTime(),
428 in.GetTime() * GetRawFormatTimeMax() / GetRawFormatTimeBins(),
431 } // EMCAL entries loop
441 //____________________________________________________________________________
442 void AliEMCAL::FitRaw(Bool_t lowGainFlag, TGraph * gLowGain, TGraph * gHighGain, TF1* signalF, Double_t & energy, Double_t & time)
444 // Fits the raw signal time distribution; from AliEMCALGetter
446 const Int_t kNoiseThreshold = 0 ;
447 Double_t timezero1 = 0., timezero2 = 0., timemax = 0. ;
448 Double_t signal = 0., signalmax = 0. ;
452 timezero1 = timezero2 = signalmax = timemax = 0. ;
453 signalF->FixParameter(0, GetRawFormatLowCharge()) ;
454 signalF->FixParameter(1, GetRawFormatLowGain()) ;
456 for (index = 0; index < GetRawFormatTimeBins(); index++) {
457 gLowGain->GetPoint(index, time, signal) ;
458 if (signal > kNoiseThreshold && timezero1 == 0.)
460 if (signal <= kNoiseThreshold && timezero1 > 0. && timezero2 == 0.)
462 if (signal > signalmax) {
467 signalmax /= RawResponseFunctionMax(GetRawFormatLowCharge(),
468 GetRawFormatLowGain()) ;
469 if ( timezero1 + GetRawFormatTimePeak() < GetRawFormatTimeMax() * 0.4 ) { // else its noise
470 signalF->SetParameter(2, signalmax) ;
471 signalF->SetParameter(3, timezero1) ;
472 gLowGain->Fit(signalF, "QRON", "", 0., timezero2); //, "QRON") ;
473 energy = signalF->GetParameter(2) ;
474 time = signalF->GetMaximumX() - GetRawFormatTimePeak() - GetRawFormatTimeTrigger() ;
477 timezero1 = timezero2 = signalmax = timemax = 0. ;
478 signalF->FixParameter(0, GetRawFormatHighCharge()) ;
479 signalF->FixParameter(1, GetRawFormatHighGain()) ;
481 for (index = 0; index < GetRawFormatTimeBins(); index++) {
482 gHighGain->GetPoint(index, time, signal) ;
483 if (signal > kNoiseThreshold && timezero1 == 0.)
485 if (signal <= kNoiseThreshold && timezero1 > 0. && timezero2 == 0.)
487 if (signal > signalmax) {
492 signalmax /= RawResponseFunctionMax(GetRawFormatHighCharge(),
493 GetRawFormatHighGain()) ;;
494 if ( timezero1 + GetRawFormatTimePeak() < GetRawFormatTimeMax() * 0.4 ) { // else its noise
495 signalF->SetParameter(2, signalmax) ;
496 signalF->SetParameter(3, timezero1) ;
497 gHighGain->Fit(signalF, "QRON", "", 0., timezero2) ;
498 energy = signalF->GetParameter(2) ;
499 time = signalF->GetMaximumX() - GetRawFormatTimePeak() - GetRawFormatTimeTrigger() ;
506 //____________________________________________________________________________
507 void AliEMCAL::Hits2SDigits()
509 // create summable digits
512 AliEMCALSDigitizer emcalDigitizer(fLoader->GetRunLoader()->GetFileName().Data()) ;
513 emcalDigitizer.SetEventRange(0, -1) ; // do all the events
514 emcalDigitizer.ExecuteTask() ;
517 //____________________________________________________________________________
519 AliLoader* AliEMCAL::MakeLoader(const char* topfoldername)
521 //different behaviour than standard (singleton getter)
522 // --> to be discussed and made eventually coherent
523 fLoader = new AliEMCALLoader(GetName(),topfoldername);
527 //__________________________________________________________________
528 Double_t AliEMCAL::RawResponseFunction(Double_t *x, Double_t *par)
530 // Shape of the electronics raw reponse:
531 // It is a semi-gaussian, 2nd order Gamma function of the general form
532 // v(t) = n**n * Q * A**n / C *(t/tp)**n * exp(-n * t/tp) with
533 // tp : peaking time par[0]
534 // n : order of the function
535 // C : integrating capacitor in the preamplifier
536 // A : open loop gain of the preamplifier
537 // Q : the total APD charge to be measured Q = C * energy
540 Double_t xx = x[0] - ( fgTimeTrigger + par[3] ) ;
542 if (xx < 0 || xx > fgTimeMax)
545 Double_t fac = par[0] * TMath::Power(fgOrder, fgOrder) * TMath::Power(par[1], fgOrder) / fgCapa ;
546 signal = fac * par[2] * TMath::Power(xx / fgTimePeak, fgOrder) * TMath::Exp(-fgOrder * (xx / fgTimePeak)) ;
551 //__________________________________________________________________
552 Double_t AliEMCAL::RawResponseFunctionMax(Double_t charge, Double_t gain)
554 //compute the maximum of the raw response function and return
555 return ( charge * TMath::Power(fgOrder, fgOrder) * TMath::Power(gain, fgOrder)
556 / ( fgCapa * TMath::Exp(fgOrder) ) );
559 //__________________________________________________________________
560 Bool_t AliEMCAL::RawSampledResponse(
561 const Double_t dtime, const Double_t damp, Int_t * adcH, Int_t * adcL) const
563 // for a start time dtime and an amplitude damp given by digit,
564 // calculates the raw sampled response AliEMCAL::RawResponseFunction
566 const Int_t kRawSignalOverflow = 0x3FF ;
567 Bool_t lowGain = kFALSE ;
569 TF1 signalF("signal", RawResponseFunction, 0, GetRawFormatTimeMax(), 4);
571 for (Int_t iTime = 0; iTime < GetRawFormatTimeBins(); iTime++) {
572 signalF.SetParameter(0, GetRawFormatHighCharge() ) ;
573 signalF.SetParameter(1, GetRawFormatHighGain() ) ;
574 signalF.SetParameter(2, damp) ;
575 signalF.SetParameter(3, dtime) ;
576 Double_t time = iTime * GetRawFormatTimeMax() / GetRawFormatTimeBins() ;
577 Double_t signal = signalF.Eval(time) ;
578 if ( static_cast<Int_t>(signal+0.5) > kRawSignalOverflow ){ // larger than 10 bits
579 signal = kRawSignalOverflow ;
582 adcH[iTime] = static_cast<Int_t>(signal + 0.5) ;
584 signalF.SetParameter(0, GetRawFormatLowCharge() ) ;
585 signalF.SetParameter(1, GetRawFormatLowGain() ) ;
586 signal = signalF.Eval(time) ;
587 if ( static_cast<Int_t>(signal+0.5) > kRawSignalOverflow) // larger than 10 bits
588 signal = kRawSignalOverflow ;
589 adcL[iTime] = static_cast<Int_t>(0.5 + signal ) ;