1 /**************************************************************************
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4 * Author: The ALICE Off-line Project. *
5 * Contributors are mentioned in the code where appropriate. *
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16 /* $Id: AliUnfolding.cxx 31168 2009-02-23 15:18:45Z jgrosseo $ */
18 // This class allows 1-dimensional unfolding.
19 // Methods that are implemented are chi2 minimization and bayesian unfolding.
21 // Author: Jan.Fiete.Grosse-Oetringhaus@cern.ch
23 #include "AliUnfolding.h"
26 #include <TVirtualFitter.h>
31 #include "Riostream.h"
34 using namespace std; //required for resolving the 'cout' symbol
36 TMatrixD* AliUnfolding::fgCorrelationMatrix = 0;
37 TMatrixD* AliUnfolding::fgCorrelationMatrixSquared = 0;
38 TMatrixD* AliUnfolding::fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix = 0;
39 TVectorD* AliUnfolding::fgCurrentESDVector = 0;
40 TVectorD* AliUnfolding::fgEntropyAPriori = 0;
41 TVectorD* AliUnfolding::fgEfficiency = 0;
43 TAxis* AliUnfolding::fgUnfoldedAxis = 0;
44 TAxis* AliUnfolding::fgMeasuredAxis = 0;
46 TF1* AliUnfolding::fgFitFunction = 0;
48 AliUnfolding::MethodType AliUnfolding::fgMethodType = AliUnfolding::kInvalid;
49 Int_t AliUnfolding::fgMaxInput = -1; // bins in measured histogram
50 Int_t AliUnfolding::fgMaxParams = -1; // bins in unfolded histogram = number of fit params
51 Float_t AliUnfolding::fgOverflowBinLimit = -1;
53 AliUnfolding::RegularizationType AliUnfolding::fgRegularizationType = AliUnfolding::kPol1;
54 Float_t AliUnfolding::fgRegularizationWeight = 10000;
55 Int_t AliUnfolding::fgSkipBinsBegin = 0;
56 Float_t AliUnfolding::fgMinuitStepSize = 0.1; // (usually not needed to be changed) step size in minimization
57 Float_t AliUnfolding::fgMinuitPrecision = 1e-6; // minuit precision
58 Bool_t AliUnfolding::fgMinimumInitialValue = kFALSE; // set all initial values at least to the smallest value among the initial values
59 Float_t AliUnfolding::fgMinimumInitialValueFix = -1;
60 Bool_t AliUnfolding::fgNormalizeInput = kFALSE; // normalize input spectrum
61 Float_t AliUnfolding::fgNotFoundEvents = 0;
62 Bool_t AliUnfolding::fgSkipBin0InChi2 = kFALSE;
64 Float_t AliUnfolding::fgBayesianSmoothing = 1; // smoothing parameter (0 = no smoothing)
65 Int_t AliUnfolding::fgBayesianIterations = 10; // number of iterations in Bayesian method
67 Bool_t AliUnfolding::fgDebug = kFALSE;
69 Int_t AliUnfolding::fgCallCount = 0;
71 Int_t AliUnfolding::fgPowern = 5;
73 Double_t AliUnfolding::fChi2FromFit = 0.;
74 Double_t AliUnfolding::fPenaltyVal = 0.;
75 Double_t AliUnfolding::fAvgResidual = 0.;
77 Int_t AliUnfolding::fgPrintChi2Details = 0;
79 TCanvas *AliUnfolding::fgCanvas = 0;
80 TH1 *AliUnfolding::fghUnfolded = 0;
81 TH2 *AliUnfolding::fghCorrelation = 0;
82 TH1 *AliUnfolding::fghEfficiency = 0;
83 TH1 *AliUnfolding::fghMeasured = 0;
85 ClassImp(AliUnfolding)
87 //____________________________________________________________________
88 void AliUnfolding::SetUnfoldingMethod(MethodType methodType)
90 // set unfolding method
91 fgMethodType = methodType;
96 case kInvalid: name = "INVALID"; break;
97 case kChi2Minimization: name = "Chi2 Minimization"; break;
98 case kBayesian: name = "Bayesian unfolding"; break;
99 case kFunction: name = "Functional fit"; break;
101 Printf("AliUnfolding::SetUnfoldingMethod: %s enabled.", name);
104 //____________________________________________________________________
105 void AliUnfolding::SetCreateOverflowBin(Float_t overflowBinLimit)
107 // enable the creation of a overflow bin that includes all statistics below the given limit
109 fgOverflowBinLimit = overflowBinLimit;
111 Printf("AliUnfolding::SetCreateOverflowBin: overflow bin limit set to %f", overflowBinLimit);
114 //____________________________________________________________________
115 void AliUnfolding::SetSkipBinsBegin(Int_t nBins)
117 // set number of skipped bins in regularization
119 fgSkipBinsBegin = nBins;
121 Printf("AliUnfolding::SetSkipBinsBegin: skipping %d bins at the beginning of the spectrum in the regularization.", fgSkipBinsBegin);
124 //____________________________________________________________________
125 void AliUnfolding::SetNbins(Int_t nMeasured, Int_t nUnfolded)
127 // set number of bins in the input (measured) distribution and in the unfolded distribution
128 fgMaxInput = nMeasured;
129 fgMaxParams = nUnfolded;
131 if (fgCorrelationMatrix)
133 delete fgCorrelationMatrix;
134 fgCorrelationMatrix = 0;
136 if (fgCorrelationMatrixSquared)
138 fgCorrelationMatrixSquared = 0;
139 delete fgCorrelationMatrixSquared;
141 if (fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)
143 delete fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix;
144 fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix = 0;
146 if (fgCurrentESDVector)
148 delete fgCurrentESDVector;
149 fgCurrentESDVector = 0;
151 if (fgEntropyAPriori)
153 delete fgEntropyAPriori;
154 fgEntropyAPriori = 0;
163 delete fgUnfoldedAxis;
168 delete fgMeasuredAxis;
172 Printf("AliUnfolding::SetNbins: Set %d measured bins and %d unfolded bins", nMeasured, nUnfolded);
175 //____________________________________________________________________
176 void AliUnfolding::SetChi2Regularization(RegularizationType type, Float_t weight)
179 // sets the parameters for chi2 minimization
182 fgRegularizationType = type;
183 fgRegularizationWeight = weight;
185 Printf("AliUnfolding::SetChi2Regularization --> Regularization set to %d with weight %f", (Int_t) type, weight);
188 //____________________________________________________________________
189 void AliUnfolding::SetBayesianParameters(Float_t smoothing, Int_t nIterations)
192 // sets the parameters for Bayesian unfolding
195 fgBayesianSmoothing = smoothing;
196 fgBayesianIterations = nIterations;
198 Printf("AliUnfolding::SetBayesianParameters --> Paramaters set to %d iterations with smoothing %f", fgBayesianIterations, fgBayesianSmoothing);
201 //____________________________________________________________________
202 void AliUnfolding::SetFunction(TF1* function)
204 // set function for unfolding with a fit function
206 fgFitFunction = function;
208 Printf("AliUnfolding::SetFunction: Set fit function with %d parameters.", function->GetNpar());
211 //____________________________________________________________________
212 Int_t AliUnfolding::Unfold(TH2* correlation, TH1* efficiency, TH1* measured, TH1* initialConditions, TH1* result, Bool_t check)
214 // unfolds with unfolding method fgMethodType
217 // correlation: response matrix as measured vs. generated
218 // efficiency: (optional) efficiency that is applied on the unfolded spectrum, i.e. it has to be in unfolded variables. If 0 no efficiency is applied.
219 // measured: the measured spectrum
220 // initialConditions: (optional) initial conditions for the unfolding. if 0 the measured spectrum is used as initial conditions.
221 // result: target for the unfolded result
222 // check: depends on the unfolding method, see comments in specific functions
224 // return code: see UnfoldWithMinuit/UnfoldWithBayesian/UnfoldWithFunction
226 if (fgMaxInput == -1)
228 Printf("AliUnfolding::Unfold: WARNING. Number of measured bins not set with SetNbins. Using number of bins in measured distribution");
229 fgMaxInput = measured->GetNbinsX();
231 if (fgMaxParams == -1)
233 Printf("AliUnfolding::Unfold: WARNING. Number of unfolded bins not set with SetNbins. Using number of bins in measured distribution");
234 fgMaxParams = measured->GetNbinsX();
237 if (fgOverflowBinLimit > 0)
238 CreateOverflowBin(correlation, measured);
240 switch (fgMethodType)
244 Printf("AliUnfolding::Unfold: ERROR: Unfolding method not set. Use SetUnfoldingMethod. Exiting...");
247 case kChi2Minimization:
248 return UnfoldWithMinuit(correlation, efficiency, measured, initialConditions, result, check);
250 return UnfoldWithBayesian(correlation, efficiency, measured, initialConditions, result);
252 return UnfoldWithFunction(correlation, efficiency, measured, initialConditions, result);
260 //____________________________________________________________________
261 void AliUnfolding::SetStaticVariables(TH2* correlation, TH1* measured, TH1* efficiency)
263 // fill static variables needed for minuit fit
265 if (!fgCorrelationMatrix)
266 fgCorrelationMatrix = new TMatrixD(fgMaxInput, fgMaxParams);
267 if (!fgCorrelationMatrixSquared)
268 fgCorrelationMatrixSquared = new TMatrixD(fgMaxInput, fgMaxParams);
269 if (!fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)
270 fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix = new TMatrixD(fgMaxInput, fgMaxInput);
271 if (!fgCurrentESDVector)
272 fgCurrentESDVector = new TVectorD(fgMaxInput);
273 if (!fgEntropyAPriori)
274 fgEntropyAPriori = new TVectorD(fgMaxParams);
276 fgEfficiency = new TVectorD(fgMaxParams);
278 delete fgUnfoldedAxis;
279 fgUnfoldedAxis = new TAxis(*(correlation->GetXaxis()));
281 delete fgMeasuredAxis;
282 fgMeasuredAxis = new TAxis(*(correlation->GetYaxis()));
284 fgCorrelationMatrix->Zero();
285 fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix->Zero();
286 fgCurrentESDVector->Zero();
287 fgEntropyAPriori->Zero();
289 // normalize correction for given nPart
290 for (Int_t i=1; i<=correlation->GetNbinsX(); ++i)
292 Double_t sum = correlation->Integral(i, i, 1, correlation->GetNbinsY());
295 Float_t maxValue = 0;
297 for (Int_t j=1; j<=correlation->GetNbinsY(); ++j)
299 // find most probably value
300 if (maxValue < correlation->GetBinContent(i, j))
302 maxValue = correlation->GetBinContent(i, j);
307 correlation->SetBinContent(i, j, correlation->GetBinContent(i, j) / sum);// * correlation->GetXaxis()->GetBinWidth(i));
308 correlation->SetBinError(i, j, correlation->GetBinError(i, j) / sum);
310 if (i <= fgMaxParams && j <= fgMaxInput)
312 (*fgCorrelationMatrix)(j-1, i-1) = correlation->GetBinContent(i, j);
313 (*fgCorrelationMatrixSquared)(j-1, i-1) = correlation->GetBinContent(i, j) * correlation->GetBinContent(i, j);
317 //printf("MPV for Ntrue = %f is %f\n", fCurrentCorrelation->GetXaxis()->GetBinCenter(i), fCurrentCorrelation->GetYaxis()->GetBinCenter(maxBin));
321 Float_t smallestError = 1;
322 if (fgNormalizeInput)
324 Float_t sumMeasured = measured->Integral();
325 measured->Scale(1.0 / sumMeasured);
326 smallestError /= sumMeasured;
329 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxInput; ++i)
331 (*fgCurrentESDVector)[i] = measured->GetBinContent(i+1);
332 if (measured->GetBinError(i+1) > 0)
334 (*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)(i, i) = (Double_t) 1e-6 / measured->GetBinError(i+1) / measured->GetBinError(i+1);
336 else // in this case put error of 1, otherwise 0 bins are not added to the chi2...
337 (*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)(i, i) = (Double_t) 1e-6 / smallestError / smallestError;
339 if ((*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)(i, i) > 1e7)
340 (*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)(i, i) = 0;
341 //Printf("%d, %e", i, (*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)(i, i));
344 // efficiency is expected to match bin width of result
345 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
347 (*fgEfficiency)(i) = efficiency->GetBinContent(i+1);
350 if (correlation->GetNbinsX() != fgMaxParams || correlation->GetNbinsY() != fgMaxInput)
351 cout << "Response histo has incorrect dimensions; expect (" << fgMaxParams << ", " << fgMaxInput << "), got (" << correlation->GetNbinsX() << ", " << correlation->GetNbinsY() << ")" << endl;
355 //____________________________________________________________________
356 Int_t AliUnfolding::UnfoldWithMinuit(TH2* correlation, TH1* efficiency, TH1* measured, TH1* initialConditions, TH1* result, Bool_t check)
359 // implementation of unfolding (internal function)
361 // unfolds <measured> using response from <correlation> and effiency <efficiency>
362 // output is in <result>
363 // <initialConditions> set the initial values for the minimization, if 0 <measured> is used
364 // negative values in initialConditions mean that the given parameter is fixed to the absolute of the value
365 // if <check> is true no unfolding is made, instead only the chi2 without unfolding is printed
367 // returns minuit status (0 = success), (-1 when check was set)
370 SetStaticVariables(correlation, measured, efficiency);
372 // Initialize TMinuit via generic fitter interface
373 Int_t params = fgMaxParams;
374 if (fgNotFoundEvents > 0)
377 TVirtualFitter *minuit = TVirtualFitter::Fitter(0, params);
378 Double_t arglist[100];
379 // minuit->SetDefaultFitter("Minuit2");
381 // disable any output (-1), unfortuantly we do not see warnings anymore then. Have to find another way...
383 minuit->ExecuteCommand("SET PRINT", arglist, 1);
385 // however, enable warnings
386 //minuit->ExecuteCommand("SET WAR", arglist, 0);
388 // set minimization function
389 minuit->SetFCN(Chi2Function);
392 minuit->SetPrecision(fgMinuitPrecision);
394 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; i++)
395 (*fgEntropyAPriori)[i] = 1;
397 // set initial conditions as a-priori distribution for MRX regularization
399 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; i++)
400 if (initialConditions && initialConditions->GetBinContent(i+1) > 0)
401 (*fgEntropyAPriori)[i] = initialConditions->GetBinContent(i+1);
404 if (!initialConditions) {
405 initialConditions = measured;
407 Printf("AliUnfolding::UnfoldWithMinuit: Using different initial conditions...");
408 //new TCanvas; initialConditions->DrawCopy();
409 if (fgNormalizeInput)
410 initialConditions->Scale(1.0 / initialConditions->Integral());
413 // extract minimum value from initial conditions (if we set a value to 0 it will stay 0)
414 Float_t minValue = 1e35;
415 if (fgMinimumInitialValueFix < 0)
417 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
419 Int_t bin = initialConditions->GetXaxis()->FindBin(result->GetXaxis()->GetBinCenter(i+1));
420 if (initialConditions->GetBinContent(bin) > 0)
421 minValue = TMath::Min(minValue, (Float_t) initialConditions->GetBinContent(bin));
425 minValue = fgMinimumInitialValueFix;
427 Double_t* results = new Double_t[fgMaxParams+1];
428 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
430 Int_t bin = initialConditions->GetXaxis()->FindBin(result->GetXaxis()->GetBinCenter(i+1));
431 results[i] = initialConditions->GetBinContent(bin);
437 results[i] = -results[i];
440 if (!fix && fgMinimumInitialValue && results[i] < minValue)
441 results[i] = minValue;
443 // minuit sees squared values to prevent it from going negative...
444 results[i] = TMath::Sqrt(results[i]);
446 minuit->SetParameter(i, Form("param%d", i), results[i], (fix) ? 0 : fgMinuitStepSize, 0, 0);
448 if (fgNotFoundEvents > 0)
450 results[fgMaxParams] = efficiency->GetBinContent(1);
451 minuit->SetParameter(fgMaxParams, "vtx0", results[fgMaxParams], fgMinuitStepSize / 100, 0.01, 0.80);
456 Chi2Function(dummy, 0, chi2, results, 0);
457 printf("AliUnfolding::UnfoldWithMinuit: Chi2 of initial parameters is = %f\n", chi2);
466 // first param is number of iterations, second is precision....
469 // minuit->ExecuteCommand("SET PRINT", arglist, 3);
470 // minuit->ExecuteCommand("SCAN", arglist, 0);
471 Int_t status = minuit->ExecuteCommand("MIGRAD", arglist, 1);
472 Printf("AliUnfolding::UnfoldWithMinuit: MINUIT status is %d", status);
473 //printf("!!!!!!!!!!!!!! MIGRAD finished: Starting MINOS !!!!!!!!!!!!!!");
474 //minuit->ExecuteCommand("MINOS", arglist, 0);
476 if (fgNotFoundEvents > 0)
478 results[fgMaxParams] = minuit->GetParameter(fgMaxParams);
479 Printf("Efficiency for bin 0 changed from %f to %f", efficiency->GetBinContent(1), results[fgMaxParams]);
480 efficiency->SetBinContent(1, results[fgMaxParams]);
483 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
485 results[i] = minuit->GetParameter(i);
486 Double_t value = results[i] * results[i];
487 // error is : (relError) * (value) = (minuit->GetParError(i) / minuit->GetParameter(i)) * (minuit->GetParameter(i) * minuit->GetParameter(i))
489 if (TMath::IsNaN(minuit->GetParError(i)))
490 Printf("WARNING: Parameter %d error is nan", i);
492 error = minuit->GetParError(i) * results[i];
496 //printf("value before efficiency correction: %f\n",value);
497 if (efficiency->GetBinContent(i+1) > 0)
499 value /= efficiency->GetBinContent(i+1);
500 error /= efficiency->GetBinContent(i+1);
508 //printf("value after efficiency correction: %f +/- %f\n",value,error);
509 result->SetBinContent(i+1, value);
510 result->SetBinError(i+1, error);
514 Chi2Function(dummy, 0, chi2, results, 0);
515 Printf("AliUnfolding::UnfoldWithMinuit: Chi2 of final parameters is = %f", chi2);
522 //____________________________________________________________________
523 Int_t AliUnfolding::UnfoldWithBayesian(TH2* correlation, TH1* aEfficiency, TH1* measured, TH1* initialConditions, TH1* aResult)
526 // unfolds a spectrum using the Bayesian method
529 if (measured->Integral() <= 0)
531 Printf("AliUnfolding::UnfoldWithBayesian: ERROR: The measured spectrum is empty");
535 const Int_t kStartBin = 0;
537 Int_t kMaxM = fgMaxInput; //<= fCurrentCorrelation->GetNbinsY(); // max measured axis
538 Int_t kMaxT = fgMaxParams; //<= fCurrentCorrelation->GetNbinsX(); // max true axis
540 // convergence limit: kMaxT * 0.001^2 = kMaxT * 1e-6 (e.g. 250 bins --> 2.5 e-4)
541 const Double_t kConvergenceLimit = kMaxT * 1e-6;
543 // store information in arrays, to increase processing speed (~ factor 5)
544 Double_t* measuredCopy = new Double_t[kMaxM];
545 Double_t* measuredError = new Double_t[kMaxM];
546 Double_t* prior = new Double_t[kMaxT];
547 Double_t* result = new Double_t[kMaxT];
548 Double_t* efficiency = new Double_t[kMaxT];
549 Double_t* binWidths = new Double_t[kMaxT];
551 Double_t** response = new Double_t*[kMaxT];
552 Double_t** inverseResponse = new Double_t*[kMaxT];
553 for (Int_t i=0; i<kMaxT; i++)
555 response[i] = new Double_t[kMaxM];
556 inverseResponse[i] = new Double_t[kMaxM];
560 Float_t measuredIntegral = measured->Integral();
561 for (Int_t m=0; m<kMaxM; m++)
563 measuredCopy[m] = measured->GetBinContent(m+1) / measuredIntegral;
564 measuredError[m] = measured->GetBinError(m+1) / measuredIntegral;
566 for (Int_t t=0; t<kMaxT; t++)
568 response[t][m] = correlation->GetBinContent(t+1, m+1);
569 inverseResponse[t][m] = 0;
573 for (Int_t t=0; t<kMaxT; t++)
577 efficiency[t] = aEfficiency->GetBinContent(t+1);
582 prior[t] = measuredCopy[t];
584 binWidths[t] = aResult->GetXaxis()->GetBinWidth(t+1);
587 // pick prior distribution
588 if (initialConditions)
590 printf("Using different starting conditions...\n");
592 Float_t inputDistIntegral = initialConditions->Integral();
593 for (Int_t i=0; i<kMaxT; i++)
594 prior[i] = initialConditions->GetBinContent(i+1) / inputDistIntegral;
597 //TH1F* convergence = new TH1F("convergence", "convergence", 200, 0.5, 200.5);
601 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgBayesianIterations || fgBayesianIterations < 0; i++)
604 Printf("AliUnfolding::UnfoldWithBayesian: iteration %i", i);
606 // calculate IR from Bayes theorem
607 // IR_ji = R_ij * prior_i / sum_k(R_kj * prior_k)
609 Double_t chi2Measured = 0;
610 for (Int_t m=0; m<kMaxM; m++)
613 for (Int_t t = kStartBin; t<kMaxT; t++)
614 norm += response[t][m] * prior[t];
616 // calc. chi2: (measured - response * prior) / error
617 if (measuredError[m] > 0)
619 Double_t value = (measuredCopy[m] - norm) / measuredError[m];
620 chi2Measured += value * value;
625 for (Int_t t = kStartBin; t<kMaxT; t++)
626 inverseResponse[t][m] = response[t][m] * prior[t] / norm;
630 for (Int_t t = kStartBin; t<kMaxT; t++)
631 inverseResponse[t][m] = 0;
634 //Printf("chi2Measured of the last prior is %e", chi2Measured);
636 for (Int_t t = kStartBin; t<kMaxT; t++)
639 for (Int_t m=0; m<kMaxM; m++)
640 value += inverseResponse[t][m] * measuredCopy[m];
642 if (efficiency[t] > 0)
643 result[t] = value / efficiency[t];
649 // draw intermediate result
650 for (Int_t t=0; t<kMaxT; t++)
652 aResult->SetBinContent(t+1, result[t]);
654 aResult->SetMarkerStyle(24+i);
655 aResult->SetMarkerColor(2);
656 aResult->DrawCopy((i == 0) ? "P" : "PSAME");
659 Double_t chi2LastIter = 0;
660 // regularization (simple smoothing)
661 for (Int_t t=kStartBin; t<kMaxT; t++)
663 Float_t newValue = 0;
665 // 0 bin excluded from smoothing
666 if (t > kStartBin+2 && t<kMaxT-1)
668 Float_t average = (result[t-1] / binWidths[t-1] + result[t] / binWidths[t] + result[t+1] / binWidths[t+1]) / 3 * binWidths[t];
670 // weight the average with the regularization parameter
671 newValue = (1 - fgBayesianSmoothing) * result[t] + fgBayesianSmoothing * average;
674 newValue = result[t];
676 // calculate chi2 (change from last iteration)
679 Double_t diff = (prior[t] - newValue) / prior[t];
680 chi2LastIter += diff * diff;
685 //printf("Chi2 of %d iteration = %e\n", i, chi2LastIter);
686 //convergence->Fill(i+1, chi2LastIter);
688 if (fgBayesianIterations < 0 && chi2LastIter < kConvergenceLimit)
690 Printf("AliUnfolding::UnfoldWithBayesian: Stopped Bayesian unfolding after %d iterations at chi2(change since last iteration) of %e; chi2Measured of the last prior is %e", i, chi2LastIter, chi2Measured);
693 } // end of iterations
695 //new TCanvas; convergence->DrawCopy(); gPad->SetLogy();
696 //delete convergence;
699 if (!fgNormalizeInput)
700 factor = measuredIntegral;
701 for (Int_t t=0; t<kMaxT; t++)
702 aResult->SetBinContent(t+1, result[t] * factor);
704 delete[] measuredCopy;
705 delete[] measuredError;
711 for (Int_t i=0; i<kMaxT; i++)
713 delete[] response[i];
714 delete[] inverseResponse[i];
717 delete[] inverseResponse;
722 // Calculate the covariance matrix, all arguments are taken from NIM,A362,487-498,1995
724 /*printf("Calculating covariance matrix. This may take some time...\n");
726 // check if this is the right one...
727 TH1* sumHist = GetMultiplicityMC(inputRange, eventType)->ProjectionY("sumHist", 1, GetMultiplicityMC(inputRange, eventType)->GetNbinsX());
729 Int_t xBins = hInverseResponseBayes->GetNbinsX();
730 Int_t yBins = hInverseResponseBayes->GetNbinsY();
732 // calculate "unfolding matrix" Mij
733 Float_t matrixM[251][251];
734 for (Int_t i=1; i<=xBins; i++)
736 for (Int_t j=1; j<=yBins; j++)
738 if (fCurrentEfficiency->GetBinContent(i) > 0)
739 matrixM[i-1][j-1] = hInverseResponseBayes->GetBinContent(i, j) / fCurrentEfficiency->GetBinContent(i);
741 matrixM[i-1][j-1] = 0;
745 Float_t* vectorn = new Float_t[yBins];
746 for (Int_t j=1; j<=yBins; j++)
747 vectorn[j-1] = fCurrentESD->GetBinContent(j);
749 // first part of covariance matrix, depends on input distribution n(E)
750 Float_t cov1[251][251];
752 Float_t nEvents = fCurrentESD->Integral(); // N
757 for (Int_t k=0; k<xBins; k++)
759 printf("In Cov1: %d\n", k);
760 for (Int_t l=0; l<yBins; l++)
764 // sum_j Mkj Mlj n(Ej) * (1 - n(Ej) / N)
765 for (Int_t j=0; j<yBins; j++)
766 cov1[k][l] += matrixM[k][j] * matrixM[l][j] * vectorn[j]
767 * (1.0 - vectorn[j] / nEvents);
769 // - sum_i,j (i != j) Mki Mlj n(Ei) n(Ej) / N
770 for (Int_t i=0; i<yBins; i++)
771 for (Int_t j=0; j<yBins; j++)
775 cov1[k][l] -= matrixM[k][i] * matrixM[l][j] * vectorn[i]
776 * vectorn[j] / nEvents;
781 printf("Cov1 finished\n");
783 TH2F* cov = (TH2F*) hInverseResponseBayes->Clone("cov");
786 for (Int_t i=1; i<=xBins; i++)
787 for (Int_t j=1; j<=yBins; j++)
788 cov->SetBinContent(i, j, cov1[i-1][j-1]);
793 // second part of covariance matrix, depends on response matrix
794 Float_t cov2[251][251];
796 // Cov[P(Er|Cu), P(Es|Cu)] term
797 Float_t covTerm[100][100][100];
798 for (Int_t r=0; r<yBins; r++)
799 for (Int_t u=0; u<xBins; u++)
800 for (Int_t s=0; s<yBins; s++)
803 covTerm[r][u][s] = 1.0 / sumHist->GetBinContent(u+1) * hResponse->GetBinContent(u+1, r+1)
804 * (1.0 - hResponse->GetBinContent(u+1, r+1));
806 covTerm[r][u][s] = - 1.0 / sumHist->GetBinContent(u+1) * hResponse->GetBinContent(u+1, r+1)
807 * hResponse->GetBinContent(u+1, s+1);
810 for (Int_t k=0; k<xBins; k++)
811 for (Int_t l=0; l<yBins; l++)
814 printf("In Cov2: %d %d\n", k, l);
815 for (Int_t i=0; i<yBins; i++)
816 for (Int_t j=0; j<yBins; j++)
818 //printf("In Cov2: %d %d %d %d\n", k, l, i, j);
819 // calculate Cov(Mki, Mlj) = sum{ru},{su} ...
821 for (Int_t r=0; r<yBins; r++)
822 for (Int_t u=0; u<xBins; u++)
823 for (Int_t s=0; s<yBins; s++)
825 if (hResponse->GetBinContent(u+1, r+1) == 0 || hResponse->GetBinContent(u+1, s+1) == 0
826 || hResponse->GetBinContent(u+1, i+1) == 0)
829 tmpCov += BayesCovarianceDerivate(matrixM, hResponse, fCurrentEfficiency, k, i, r, u)
830 * BayesCovarianceDerivate(matrixM, hResponse, fCurrentEfficiency, l, j, s, u)
834 cov2[k][l] += fCurrentESD->GetBinContent(i+1) * fCurrentESD->GetBinContent(j+1) * tmpCov;
838 printf("Cov2 finished\n");
840 for (Int_t i=1; i<=xBins; i++)
841 for (Int_t j=1; j<=yBins; j++)
842 cov->SetBinContent(i, j, cov1[i-1][j-1] + cov2[i-1][j-1]);
848 //____________________________________________________________________
849 Double_t AliUnfolding::RegularizationPol0(TVectorD& params)
851 // homogenity term for minuit fitting
852 // pure function of the parameters
853 // prefers constant function (pol0)
855 // Does not take into account efficiency
858 for (Int_t i=1+fgSkipBinsBegin; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
860 Double_t right = params[i] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1);
861 Double_t left = params[i-1] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i);
865 Double_t diff = (right - left);
866 chi2 += diff * diff / left / ((fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i)) / 2);
873 //____________________________________________________________________
874 Double_t AliUnfolding::RegularizationPol1(TVectorD& params)
876 // homogenity term for minuit fitting
877 // pure function of the parameters
878 // prefers linear function (pol1)
880 // Does not take into account efficiency
883 for (Int_t i=2+fgSkipBinsBegin; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
885 if (params[i-1] == 0)
888 Double_t right = params[i] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1);
889 Double_t middle = params[i-1] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i);
890 Double_t left = params[i-2] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1);
892 Double_t der1 = (right - middle) / ((fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i)) / 2);
893 Double_t der2 = (middle - left) / ((fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1)) / 2);
895 //Double_t diff = (der1 - der2) / middle;
896 //chi2 += diff * diff;
897 chi2 += (der1 - der2) * (der1 - der2) / middle * fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i);
903 //____________________________________________________________________
904 Double_t AliUnfolding::RegularizationLog(TVectorD& params)
906 // homogenity term for minuit fitting
907 // pure function of the parameters
908 // prefers logarithmic function (log)
910 // Does not take into account efficiency
914 for (Int_t i=2+fgSkipBinsBegin; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
916 if (params[i-1] == 0 || params[i] == 0 || params[i-2] == 0)
919 Double_t right = log(params[i] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1));
920 Double_t middle = log(params[i-1] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i));
921 Double_t left = log(params[i-2] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1));
923 Double_t der1 = (right - middle) / ((fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i)) / 2);
924 Double_t der2 = (middle - left) / ((fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1)) / 2);
926 //Double_t error = 1. / params[i] + 4. / params[i-1] + 1. / params[i-2];
928 //if (fgCallCount == 0)
929 // Printf("%d %f %f", i, (der1 - der2) * (der1 - der2), error);
930 chi2 += (der1 - der2) * (der1 - der2);// / error;
936 //____________________________________________________________________
937 Double_t AliUnfolding::RegularizationTotalCurvature(TVectorD& params)
939 // homogenity term for minuit fitting
940 // pure function of the parameters
941 // minimizes the total curvature (from Unfolding Methods In High-Energy Physics Experiments,
942 // V. Blobel (Hamburg U.) . DESY 84/118, Dec 1984. 40pp.
944 // Does not take into account efficiency
948 for (Int_t i=2+fgSkipBinsBegin; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
950 Double_t right = params[i];
951 Double_t middle = params[i-1];
952 Double_t left = params[i-2];
954 Double_t der1 = (right - middle);
955 Double_t der2 = (middle - left);
957 Double_t diff = (der1 - der2);
965 //____________________________________________________________________
966 Double_t AliUnfolding::RegularizationEntropy(TVectorD& params)
968 // homogenity term for minuit fitting
969 // pure function of the parameters
970 // calculates entropy, from
971 // The method of reduced cross-entropy (M. Schmelling 1993)
973 // Does not take into account efficiency
975 Double_t paramSum = 0;
977 for (Int_t i=fgSkipBinsBegin; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
978 paramSum += params[i];
981 for (Int_t i=fgSkipBinsBegin; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
983 Double_t tmp = params[i] / paramSum;
984 //Double_t tmp = params[i];
985 if (tmp > 0 && (*fgEntropyAPriori)[i] > 0)
987 chi2 += tmp * TMath::Log(tmp / (*fgEntropyAPriori)[i]);
996 //____________________________________________________________________
997 Double_t AliUnfolding::RegularizationRatio(TVectorD& params)
999 // homogenity term for minuit fitting
1000 // pure function of the parameters
1002 // Does not take into account efficiency
1006 for (Int_t i=5+fgSkipBinsBegin; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
1008 if (params[i-1] == 0 || params[i] == 0)
1011 Double_t right = params[i] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1);
1012 Double_t middle = params[i-1] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i);
1013 Double_t left = params[i-2] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1);
1014 Double_t left2 = params[i-3] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-2);
1015 Double_t left3 = params[i-4] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-3);
1016 Double_t left4 = params[i-5] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-4);
1018 //Double_t diff = left / middle - middle / right;
1019 //Double_t diff = 2 * left / middle - middle / right - left2 / left;
1020 Double_t diff = 4 * left2 / left - middle / right - left / middle - left3 / left2 - left4 / left3;
1022 chi2 += diff * diff;// / middle;
1028 //____________________________________________________________________
1029 Double_t AliUnfolding::RegularizationPowerLaw(TVectorD& params)
1031 // homogenity term for minuit fitting
1032 // pure function of the parameters
1033 // prefers power law with n = -5
1035 // Does not take into account efficiency
1039 Double_t right = 0.;
1040 Double_t middle = 0.;
1043 for (Int_t i=2+fgSkipBinsBegin; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
1045 if (params[i] < 1e-8 || params[i-1] < 1e-8 || params[i-2] < 1e-8)
1048 if (fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1) < 1e-8 || fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i) < 1e-8 || fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1) < 1e-8)
1051 middle = TMath::Power(params[i-1] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i),fgPowern);
1054 right = TMath::Power(params[i] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i),fgPowern)/middle;
1056 left = TMath::Power(params[i-2] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1),fgPowern)/middle;
1060 Double_t der1 = (right - middle) / ((fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i)) / 2);
1061 Double_t der2 = (middle - left) / ((fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-2)) / 2);
1063 chi2 += (der1 - der2) * (der1 - der2)/ ( fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i)/2. + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-2)/2.)/( fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i)/2. + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-2)/2.);// / error;
1064 // printf("i: %d chi2 = %f\n",i,chi2);
1072 //____________________________________________________________________
1073 Double_t AliUnfolding::RegularizationLogLog(TVectorD& params)
1075 // homogenity term for minuit fitting
1076 // pure function of the parameters
1077 // prefers a powerlaw (linear on a log-log scale)
1079 // The calculation takes into account the efficiencies
1083 for (Int_t i=2+fgSkipBinsBegin; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
1085 if (params[i-1] == 0 || params[i] == 0 || params[i-2] == 0)
1087 if ((*fgEfficiency)(i-1) == 0 || (*fgEfficiency)(i) == 0 || (*fgEfficiency)(i-2) == 0)
1091 Double_t right = log(params[i] / (*fgEfficiency)(i) / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i));
1092 Double_t middle = log(params[i-1] / (*fgEfficiency)(i-1) / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1));
1093 Double_t left = log(params[i-2] / (*fgEfficiency)(i-2) / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-2));
1095 Double_t der1 = (right - middle) / ( log(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i+1)) - log(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i)) );
1096 Double_t der2 = (middle - left) /( log(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i)) - log(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i-1)) );
1098 double tmp = (log(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i+1)) - log(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i-1)))/2.;
1099 Double_t dder = (der1-der2) / tmp;
1101 chi2 += dder * dder;
1109 //____________________________________________________________________
1110 void AliUnfolding::Chi2Function(Int_t&, Double_t*, Double_t& chi2, Double_t *params, Int_t)
1113 // fit function for minuit
1114 // does: (m - Ad)W(m - Ad) where m = measured, A correlation matrix, d = guess, W = covariance matrix
1117 // TODO use static members for the variables here to speed up processing (no construction/deconstruction)
1120 TVectorD paramsVector(fgMaxParams);
1121 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
1122 paramsVector[i] = params[i] * params[i];
1124 // calculate penalty factor
1125 Double_t penaltyVal = 0;
1127 switch (fgRegularizationType)
1130 case kPol0: penaltyVal = RegularizationPol0(paramsVector); break;
1131 case kPol1: penaltyVal = RegularizationPol1(paramsVector); break;
1132 case kCurvature: penaltyVal = RegularizationTotalCurvature(paramsVector); break;
1133 case kEntropy: penaltyVal = RegularizationEntropy(paramsVector); break;
1134 case kLog: penaltyVal = RegularizationLog(paramsVector); break;
1135 case kRatio: penaltyVal = RegularizationRatio(paramsVector); break;
1136 case kPowerLaw: penaltyVal = RegularizationPowerLaw(paramsVector); break;
1137 case kLogLog: penaltyVal = RegularizationLogLog(paramsVector); break;
1140 penaltyVal *= fgRegularizationWeight; //beta*PU
1143 TVectorD measGuessVector(fgMaxInput);
1144 measGuessVector = (*fgCorrelationMatrix) * paramsVector;
1147 measGuessVector -= (*fgCurrentESDVector);
1150 // new error calcuation using error on the guess
1153 TVectorD errorGuessVector(fgMaxInput);
1154 //errorGuessVector = (*fgCorrelationMatrixSquared) * paramsVector;
1155 errorGuessVector = (*fgCorrelationMatrix) * paramsVector;
1157 Double_t chi2FromFit = 0;
1158 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxInput; ++i)
1161 if (errorGuessVector(i) > 0)
1162 error = errorGuessVector(i);
1163 chi2FromFit += measGuessVector(i) * measGuessVector(i) / error;
1167 // old error calcuation using the error on the measured
1168 TVectorD copy(measGuessVector);
1171 // this step can be optimized because currently only the diagonal elements of fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix are used
1172 // normal way is like this:
1173 // measGuessVector *= (*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix);
1174 // optimized way like this:
1175 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxInput; ++i)
1176 measGuessVector[i] *= (*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)(i, i);
1179 if (fgSkipBin0InChi2)
1180 measGuessVector[0] = 0;
1182 // (Ad - m) W (Ad - m)
1183 // the factor 1e6 prevents that a very small number (measGuessVector[i]) is multiplied with a very
1184 // big number ((*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)(i, i)) (see UnfoldWithMinuit)
1185 Double_t chi2FromFit = measGuessVector * copy * 1e6;
1188 Double_t notFoundEventsConstraint = 0;
1189 Double_t currentNotFoundEvents = 0;
1190 Double_t errorNotFoundEvents = 0;
1192 if (fgNotFoundEvents > 0)
1194 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
1196 Double_t eff = (1.0 / (*fgEfficiency)(i) - 1);
1198 eff = (1.0 / params[fgMaxParams] - 1);
1199 currentNotFoundEvents += eff * paramsVector(i);
1200 errorNotFoundEvents += eff * eff * paramsVector(i); // error due to guess (paramsVector)
1202 errorNotFoundEvents += (eff * 0.03) * (eff * 0.03) * paramsVector(i) * paramsVector(i); // error on eff
1203 // if ((fgCallCount % 10000) == 0)
1204 //Printf("%d %f %f %f", i, (*fgEfficiency)(i), paramsVector(i), currentNotFoundEvents);
1206 errorNotFoundEvents += fgNotFoundEvents;
1207 // TODO add error on background, background estimate
1209 notFoundEventsConstraint = (currentNotFoundEvents - fgNotFoundEvents) * (currentNotFoundEvents - fgNotFoundEvents) / errorNotFoundEvents;
1214 Float_t currentMult = 0;
1215 // try to match dn/deta
1216 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
1218 avg += paramsVector(i) * currentMult;
1219 sum += paramsVector(i);
1220 currentMult += fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i);
1223 Float_t chi2Avg = 0; //(avg - 3.73) * (avg - 3.73) * 100;
1225 chi2 = chi2FromFit + penaltyVal + notFoundEventsConstraint + chi2Avg;
1227 if ((fgCallCount++ % 1000) == 0)
1230 Printf("AliUnfolding::Chi2Function: Iteration %d (ev %d %d +- %f) (%f) (%f): %f %f %f %f --> %f", fgCallCount-1, (Int_t) fgNotFoundEvents, (Int_t) currentNotFoundEvents, TMath::Sqrt(errorNotFoundEvents), params[fgMaxParams-1], avg, chi2FromFit, penaltyVal, notFoundEventsConstraint, chi2Avg, chi2);
1232 //for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxInput; ++i)
1233 // Printf("%d: %f", i, measGuessVector(i) * copy(i) * 1e6);
1236 fChi2FromFit = chi2FromFit;
1237 fPenaltyVal = penaltyVal;
1240 //____________________________________________________________________
1241 void AliUnfolding::MakePads() {
1242 TPad *presult = new TPad("presult","result",0,0.4,1,1);
1243 presult->SetNumber(1);
1246 TPad *pres = new TPad("pres","residuals",0,0.2,1,0.4);
1249 TPad *ppen = new TPad("ppen","penalty",0,0.0,1,0.2);
1254 //____________________________________________________________________
1255 void AliUnfolding::DrawResults(TH2* correlation, TH1* efficiency, TH1* measured, TH1* initialConditions, TCanvas *canv, Int_t reuseHists,TH1 *unfolded)
1257 // Draw histograms of
1258 // - Result folded with response
1259 // - Penalty factors
1260 // - Chisquare contributions
1261 // (Useful for debugging/sanity checks and the interactive unfolder)
1263 // If a canvas pointer is given (canv != 0), it will be used for all
1264 // plots; 3 pads are made if needed.
1267 Int_t blankCanvas = 0;
1268 TVirtualPad *presult = 0;
1269 TVirtualPad *pres = 0;
1270 TVirtualPad *ppen = 0;
1274 presult = canv->GetPad(1);
1275 pres = canv->GetPad(2);
1276 ppen = canv->GetPad(3);
1277 if (presult == 0 || pres == 0 || ppen == 0) {
1281 presult = canv->GetPad(1);
1282 pres = canv->GetPad(2);
1283 ppen = canv->GetPad(3);
1287 presult = new TCanvas;
1293 if (fgMaxInput == -1)
1295 Printf("AliUnfolding::Unfold: WARNING. Number of measured bins not set with SetNbins. Using number of bins in measured distribution");
1296 fgMaxInput = measured->GetNbinsX();
1298 if (fgMaxParams == -1)
1300 Printf("AliUnfolding::Unfold: WARNING. Number of unfolded bins not set with SetNbins. Using number of bins in measured distribution");
1301 fgMaxParams = initialConditions->GetNbinsX();
1304 if (fgOverflowBinLimit > 0)
1305 CreateOverflowBin(correlation, measured);
1307 // Uses Minuit methods
1309 SetStaticVariables(correlation, measured, efficiency);
1311 Double_t* params = new Double_t[fgMaxParams+1];
1312 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
1314 params[i] = initialConditions->GetBinContent(i+1) * efficiency->GetBinContent(i+1);
1316 Bool_t fix = kFALSE;
1320 params[i] = -params[i];
1322 params[i]=TMath::Sqrt(params[i]);
1324 //cout << "params[" << i << "] " << params[i] << endl;
1331 //fgPrintChi2Details = kTRUE;
1332 fgCallCount = 0; // To make sure that Chi2Function prints the components
1333 Chi2Function(dummy, 0, chi2, params, 0);
1336 TH1 *meas2 = (TH1*)measured->Clone();
1337 meas2->SetLineColor(1);
1338 meas2->SetLineWidth(2);
1339 meas2->SetMarkerColor(meas2->GetLineColor());
1340 meas2->SetMarkerStyle(20);
1341 Float_t scale = unfolded->GetXaxis()->GetBinWidth(1)/meas2->GetXaxis()->GetBinWidth(1);
1342 meas2->Scale(scale);
1346 meas2->DrawCopy("same");
1347 //meas2->GetXaxis()->SetLimits(0,fgMaxInput);
1348 meas2->SetBit(kCannotPick);
1349 DrawGuess(params, presult, pres, ppen, reuseHists,unfolded);
1351 //____________________________________________________________________
1352 void AliUnfolding::RedrawInteractive() {
1354 // Helper function for interactive unfolding
1356 DrawResults(fghCorrelation,fghEfficiency,fghMeasured,fghUnfolded,fgCanvas,1,fghUnfolded);
1358 //____________________________________________________________________
1359 void AliUnfolding::InteractiveUnfold(TH2* correlation, TH1* efficiency, TH1* measured, TH1* initialConditions)
1362 // Function to do interactive unfolding
1363 // A canvas is drawn with the unfolding result
1364 // Change the histogram with your mouse and all histograms
1365 // will be updated automatically
1367 fgCanvas = new TCanvas("UnfoldingCanvas","Interactive unfolding",500,800);
1373 delete fghUnfolded; fghUnfolded = 0;
1376 gROOT->SetEditHistograms(kTRUE);
1378 fghUnfolded = new TH1F("AluUnfoldingfghUnfolded","Unfolded result (Interactive unfolder",efficiency->GetNbinsX(),efficiency->GetXaxis()->GetXmin(),efficiency->GetXaxis()->GetXmax());
1379 fghUnfolded->SetLineColor(2);
1380 fghUnfolded->SetMarkerColor(2);
1381 fghUnfolded->SetLineWidth(2);
1383 fghCorrelation = correlation;
1384 fghEfficiency = efficiency;
1385 fghMeasured = measured;
1387 UnfoldWithMinuit(correlation,efficiency,measured,initialConditions,fghUnfolded,kFALSE);
1390 fghUnfolded->Draw();
1391 DrawResults(correlation,efficiency,measured,fghUnfolded,fgCanvas,kFALSE,fghUnfolded);
1393 TExec *execRedraw = new TExec("redraw","AliUnfolding::RedrawInteractive()");
1394 fghUnfolded->GetListOfFunctions()->Add(execRedraw);
1396 //____________________________________________________________________
1397 void AliUnfolding::DrawGuess(Double_t *params, TVirtualPad *pfolded, TVirtualPad *pres, TVirtualPad *ppen, Int_t reuseHists,TH1* unfolded)
1400 // draws residuals of solution suggested by params and effect of regularization
1404 pfolded = new TCanvas;
1411 TVectorD paramsVector(fgMaxParams);
1412 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
1413 paramsVector[i] = params[i] * params[i];
1416 TVectorD measGuessVector(fgMaxInput);
1417 measGuessVector = (*fgCorrelationMatrix) * paramsVector;
1421 folded = dynamic_cast<TH1*>(gROOT->FindObject("__hfolded"));
1422 if (!reuseHists || folded == 0) {
1423 if (fgMeasuredAxis->GetXbins()->GetArray()) // variable bins
1424 folded = new TH1F("__hfolded","Folded histo from AliUnfolding",fgMeasuredAxis->GetNbins(),fgMeasuredAxis->GetXbins()->GetArray());
1426 folded = new TH1F("__hfolded","Folded histo from AliUnfolding",fgMeasuredAxis->GetNbins(),fgMeasuredAxis->GetXmin(),fgMeasuredAxis->GetXmax());
1429 folded->SetBit(kCannotPick);
1430 folded->SetLineColor(4);
1431 folded->SetLineWidth(2);
1433 for (Int_t ibin =0; ibin < fgMaxInput; ibin++)
1434 folded->SetBinContent(ibin+1, measGuessVector[ibin]);
1436 Float_t scale = unfolded->GetXaxis()->GetBinWidth(1)/folded->GetXaxis()->GetBinWidth(1);
1437 folded->Scale(scale);
1441 folded->Draw("same");
1444 measGuessVector -= (*fgCurrentESDVector);
1446 TVectorD copy(measGuessVector);
1449 // this step can be optimized because currently only the diagonal elements of fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix are used
1450 // normal way is like this:
1451 // measGuessVector *= (*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix);
1452 // optimized way like this:
1453 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxInput; ++i)
1454 measGuessVector[i] *= (*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)(i, i);
1456 // (Ad - m) W (Ad - m)
1457 // the factor 1e6 prevents that a very small number (measGuessVector[i]) is multiplied with a very
1458 // big number ((*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)(i, i)) (see ApplyMinuitFit)
1459 //Double_t chi2FromFit = measGuessVector * copy * 1e6;
1462 // Double_t pTarray[fgMaxParams+1];
1463 // for(int i=0; i<fgMaxParams; i++) {
1464 // pTarray[i] = fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i)-0.5*fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i);
1466 // pTarray[fgMaxParams] = fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(fgMaxParams-1)+0.5*fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(fgMaxParams-1);
1467 // TH1* residuals = new TH1F("residuals", "residuals", fgMaxParams,pTarray);
1468 // TH1* residuals = new TH1F("residuals", "residuals", fgMaxInput, -0.5, fgMaxInput - 0.5);
1469 // for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxInput; ++i)
1470 // residuals->SetBinContent(i+1, measGuessVector(i) * copy(i) * 1e6);7
1471 TH1* residuals = GetResidualsPlot(params);
1472 residuals->GetXaxis()->SetTitleSize(0.06);
1473 residuals->GetXaxis()->SetTitleOffset(0.7);
1474 residuals->GetXaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.07);
1475 residuals->GetYaxis()->SetTitleSize(0.08);
1476 residuals->GetYaxis()->SetTitleOffset(0.5);
1477 residuals->GetYaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.06);
1478 pres->cd(); residuals->DrawCopy(); gPad->SetLogy();
1482 TH1* penalty = GetPenaltyPlot(params);
1483 penalty->GetXaxis()->SetTitleSize(0.06);
1484 penalty->GetXaxis()->SetTitleOffset(0.7);
1485 penalty->GetXaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.07);
1486 penalty->GetYaxis()->SetTitleSize(0.08);
1487 penalty->GetYaxis()->SetTitleOffset(0.5);
1488 penalty->GetYaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.06);
1489 ppen->cd(); penalty->DrawCopy(); gPad->SetLogy();
1492 //____________________________________________________________________
1493 TH1* AliUnfolding::GetResidualsPlot(TH1* corrected)
1496 // MvL: THIS MUST BE INCORRECT.
1497 // Need heff to calculate params from TH1 'corrected'
1501 // fill residuals histogram of solution suggested by params and effect of regularization
1504 Double_t* params = new Double_t[fgMaxParams];
1505 for (Int_t i=0; i<TMath::Min(fgMaxParams, corrected->GetNbinsX()); i++)
1506 params[i] = TMath::Sqrt(fabs(corrected->GetBinContent(i+1)*(*fgEfficiency)(i)));
1509 return GetResidualsPlot(params);
1512 //____________________________________________________________________
1513 TH1* AliUnfolding::GetResidualsPlot(Double_t* params)
1516 // fill residuals histogram of solution suggested by params and effect of regularization
1520 TVectorD paramsVector(fgMaxParams);
1521 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
1522 paramsVector[i] = params[i] * params[i];
1525 TVectorD measGuessVector(fgMaxInput);
1526 measGuessVector = (*fgCorrelationMatrix) * paramsVector;
1529 measGuessVector -= (*fgCurrentESDVector);
1531 TVectorD copy(measGuessVector);
1534 // this step can be optimized because currently only the diagonal elements of fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix are used
1535 // normal way is like this:
1536 // measGuessVector *= (*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix);
1537 // optimized way like this:
1538 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxInput; ++i)
1539 measGuessVector[i] *= (*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)(i, i);
1541 // (Ad - m) W (Ad - m)
1542 // the factor 1e6 prevents that a very small number (measGuessVector[i]) is multiplied with a very
1543 // big number ((*fgCorrelationCovarianceMatrix)(i, i)) (see ApplyMinuitFit)
1544 //Double_t chi2FromFit = measGuessVector * copy * 1e6;
1548 if (fgMeasuredAxis->GetXbins()->GetArray()) // variable bins
1549 residuals = new TH1F("residuals", "residuals;unfolded pos;residual",fgMeasuredAxis->GetNbins(),fgMeasuredAxis->GetXbins()->GetArray());
1551 residuals = new TH1F("residuals", "residuals;unfolded pos;residual",fgMeasuredAxis->GetNbins(),fgMeasuredAxis->GetXmin(), fgMeasuredAxis->GetXmax());
1552 // TH1* residuals = new TH1F("residuals", "residuals", fgMaxInput, -0.5, fgMaxInput - 0.5);
1554 Double_t sumResiduals = 0.;
1555 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxInput; ++i) {
1556 residuals->SetBinContent(i+1, measGuessVector(i) * copy(i) * 1e6);
1557 sumResiduals += measGuessVector(i) * copy(i) * 1e6;
1559 fAvgResidual = sumResiduals/(double)fgMaxInput;
1564 //____________________________________________________________________
1565 TH1* AliUnfolding::GetPenaltyPlot(TH1* corrected)
1567 // draws the penalty factors as function of multiplicity of the current selected regularization
1569 Double_t* params = new Double_t[fgMaxParams];
1570 for (Int_t i=0; i<TMath::Min(fgMaxParams, corrected->GetNbinsX()); i++)
1571 params[i] = (*fgEfficiency)(i)*corrected->GetBinContent(i+1);
1573 TH1* penalty = GetPenaltyPlot(params);
1580 //____________________________________________________________________
1581 TH1* AliUnfolding::GetPenaltyPlot(Double_t* params)
1583 // draws the penalty factors as function of multiplicity of the current selected regularization
1585 //TH1* penalty = new TH1F("penalty", ";unfolded multiplicity;penalty factor", fgMaxParams, -0.5, fgMaxParams - 0.5);
1586 // TH1* penalty = new TH1F("penalty", ";unfolded pos;penalty factor", fgMaxParams, fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(0)-0.5*fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(0),fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(fgMaxParams)+0.5*fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(fgMaxParams) );
1589 if (fgUnfoldedAxis->GetXbins()->GetArray())
1590 penalty = new TH1F("penalty", ";unfolded pos;penalty factor", fgUnfoldedAxis->GetNbins(),fgUnfoldedAxis->GetXbins()->GetArray());
1592 penalty = new TH1F("penalty", ";unfolded pos;penalty factor", fgUnfoldedAxis->GetNbins(),fgUnfoldedAxis->GetXmin(),fgUnfoldedAxis->GetXmax());
1594 for (Int_t i=1+fgSkipBinsBegin; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
1597 if (fgRegularizationType == kPol0)
1599 Double_t right = params[i] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1);
1600 Double_t left = params[i-1] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i);
1604 Double_t diffTmp = (right - left);
1605 diff = diffTmp * diffTmp / left / ((fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i)) / 2) / 100;
1608 if (fgRegularizationType == kPol1 && i > 1+fgSkipBinsBegin)
1610 if (params[i-1] == 0)
1613 Double_t right = params[i] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1);
1614 Double_t middle = params[i-1] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i);
1615 Double_t left = params[i-2] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1);
1617 Double_t der1 = (right - middle) / ((fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i)) / 2);
1618 Double_t der2 = (middle - left) / ((fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1)) / 2);
1620 diff = (der1 - der2) * (der1 - der2) / middle;
1623 if (fgRegularizationType == kLog && i > 1+fgSkipBinsBegin)
1625 if (params[i-1] == 0)
1628 Double_t right = log(params[i]);
1629 Double_t middle = log(params[i-1]);
1630 Double_t left = log(params[i-2]);
1632 Double_t der1 = (right - middle);
1633 Double_t der2 = (middle - left);
1635 //Double_t error = 1. / params[i] + 4. / params[i-1] + 1. / params[i-2];
1636 //Printf("%d %f %f", i, (der1 - der2) * (der1 - der2), error);
1638 diff = (der1 - der2) * (der1 - der2);// / error;
1640 if (fgRegularizationType == kCurvature && i > 1+fgSkipBinsBegin)
1642 Double_t right = params[i]; // params are sqrt
1643 Double_t middle = params[i-1];
1644 Double_t left = params[i-2];
1646 Double_t der1 = (right - middle)/0.5/(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i));
1647 Double_t der2 = (middle - left)/0.5/(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1));
1649 diff = (der1 - der2)/(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1))*3.0;
1650 diff = 1e4*diff*diff;
1652 if (fgRegularizationType == kPowerLaw && i > 1+fgSkipBinsBegin)
1655 if (params[i] < 1e-8 || params[i-1] < 1e-8 || params[i-2] < 1e-8)
1658 if (fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1) < 1e-8 || fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i) < 1e-8 || fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i) < 1e-8)
1661 double middle = TMath::Power(params[i-1] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i),fgPowern);
1664 double right = TMath::Power(params[i] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1),fgPowern)/middle;
1666 double left = TMath::Power(params[i-2] / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1),fgPowern)/middle;
1670 Double_t der1 = (right - middle) / ((fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i)) / 2);
1671 Double_t der2 = (middle - left) / ((fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i) + fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1)) / 2);
1673 diff = (der1 - der2) * (der1 - der2);// / error;
1677 if (fgRegularizationType == kLogLog && i > 1+fgSkipBinsBegin)
1680 if (params[i] < 1e-8 || params[i-1] < 1e-8 || params[i-2] < 1e-8)
1683 Double_t right = log(params[i] / (*fgEfficiency)(i) / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i+1));
1684 Double_t middle = log(params[i-1] / (*fgEfficiency)(i-1) / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i));
1685 Double_t left = log(params[i-2] / (*fgEfficiency)(i-2) / fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinWidth(i-1));
1687 Double_t der1 = (right - middle) / ( log(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i+1)) - log(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i)) );
1688 Double_t der2 = (middle - left) /( log(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i)) - log(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i-1)) );
1690 double tmp = (log(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i+1)) - log(fgUnfoldedAxis->GetBinCenter(i-1)))/2.;
1691 Double_t dder = (der1-der2) / tmp;
1696 penalty->SetBinContent(i, diff*fgRegularizationWeight);
1698 //Printf("%d %f %f %f %f", i-1, left, middle, right, diff);
1704 //____________________________________________________________________
1705 void AliUnfolding::TF1Function(Int_t& unused1, Double_t* unused2, Double_t& chi2, Double_t *params, Int_t unused3)
1708 // fit function for minuit
1709 // uses the TF1 stored in fgFitFunction
1712 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgFitFunction->GetNpar(); i++)
1713 fgFitFunction->SetParameter(i, params[i]);
1715 Double_t* params2 = new Double_t[fgMaxParams];
1717 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
1718 params2[i] = fgFitFunction->Eval(i);
1720 Chi2Function(unused1, unused2, chi2, params2, unused3);
1728 //____________________________________________________________________
1729 Int_t AliUnfolding::UnfoldWithFunction(TH2* correlation, TH1* efficiency, TH1* measured, TH1* /* initialConditions */, TH1* aResult)
1732 // correct spectrum using minuit chi2 method applying a functional fit
1737 Printf("AliUnfolding::UnfoldWithFunction: ERROR fit function not set. Exiting.");
1741 SetChi2Regularization(kNone, 0);
1743 SetStaticVariables(correlation, measured, efficiency);
1745 // Initialize TMinuit via generic fitter interface
1746 TVirtualFitter *minuit = TVirtualFitter::Fitter(0, fgFitFunction->GetNpar());
1748 minuit->SetFCN(TF1Function);
1749 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgFitFunction->GetNpar(); i++)
1751 Double_t lower, upper;
1752 fgFitFunction->GetParLimits(i, lower, upper);
1753 minuit->SetParameter(i, Form("param%d",i), fgFitFunction->GetParameter(i), fgMinuitStepSize, lower, upper);
1756 Double_t arglist[100];
1758 minuit->ExecuteCommand("SET PRINT", arglist, 1);
1759 minuit->ExecuteCommand("SCAN", arglist, 0);
1760 minuit->ExecuteCommand("MIGRAD", arglist, 0);
1761 //minuit->ExecuteCommand("MINOS", arglist, 0);
1763 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgFitFunction->GetNpar(); i++)
1764 fgFitFunction->SetParameter(i, minuit->GetParameter(i));
1766 for (Int_t i=0; i<fgMaxParams; ++i)
1768 Double_t value = fgFitFunction->Eval(i);
1770 Printf("%d : %f", i, value);
1774 if (efficiency->GetBinContent(i+1) > 0)
1776 value /= efficiency->GetBinContent(i+1);
1781 aResult->SetBinContent(i+1, value);
1782 aResult->SetBinError(i+1, 0);
1788 //____________________________________________________________________
1789 void AliUnfolding::CreateOverflowBin(TH2* correlation, TH1* measured)
1791 // Finds the first bin where the content is below fgStatLimit and combines all values for this bin and larger bins
1792 // The same limit is applied to the correlation
1795 for (Int_t i=1; i<=measured->GetNbinsX(); ++i)
1797 if (measured->GetBinContent(i) <= fgOverflowBinLimit)
1806 Printf("AliUnfolding::CreateOverflowBin: WARNING: First bin is already below limit of %f", fgOverflowBinLimit);
1810 Printf("AliUnfolding::CreateOverflowBin: Bin limit in measured spectrum determined to be %d", lastBin);
1812 TCanvas* canvas = 0;
1816 canvas = new TCanvas("StatSolution", "StatSolution", 1000, 800);
1817 canvas->Divide(2, 2);
1820 measured->SetStats(kFALSE);
1821 measured->DrawCopy();
1825 correlation->SetStats(kFALSE);
1826 correlation->DrawCopy("COLZ");
1829 measured->SetBinContent(lastBin, measured->Integral(lastBin, measured->GetNbinsX()));
1830 for (Int_t i=lastBin+1; i<=measured->GetNbinsX(); ++i)
1832 measured->SetBinContent(i, 0);
1833 measured->SetBinError(i, 0);
1835 // the error is set to sqrt(N), better solution possible?, sum of relative errors of all contributions???
1836 measured->SetBinError(lastBin, TMath::Sqrt(measured->GetBinContent(lastBin)));
1838 Printf("AliUnfolding::CreateOverflowBin: This bin has now %f +- %f entries", measured->GetBinContent(lastBin), measured->GetBinError(lastBin));
1840 for (Int_t i=1; i<=correlation->GetNbinsX(); ++i)
1842 correlation->SetBinContent(i, lastBin, correlation->Integral(i, i, lastBin, correlation->GetNbinsY()));
1843 // the error is set to sqrt(N), better solution possible?, sum of relative errors of all contributions???
1844 correlation->SetBinError(i, lastBin, TMath::Sqrt(correlation->GetBinContent(i, lastBin)));
1846 for (Int_t j=lastBin+1; j<=correlation->GetNbinsY(); ++j)
1848 correlation->SetBinContent(i, j, 0);
1849 correlation->SetBinError(i, j, 0);
1853 Printf("AliUnfolding::CreateOverflowBin: Adjusted correlation matrix!");
1858 measured->DrawCopy();
1862 correlation->DrawCopy("COLZ");
1866 Int_t AliUnfolding::UnfoldGetBias(TH2* correlation, TH1* efficiency, TH1* measured, TH1* initialConditions, TH1* result)
1868 // unfolds and assigns bias as errors with Eq. 19 of Cowan, "a survey of unfolding methods for particle physics"
1869 // b_i = sum_j dmu_i/dn_j (nu_j - n_j) with nu_j as folded guess, n_j as data
1870 // dmu_i/dn_j is found numerically by changing the bin content and re-unfolding
1872 // return code: 0 (success) -1 (error: from Unfold(...) )
1874 if (Unfold(correlation, efficiency, measured, initialConditions, result) != 0)
1877 TMatrixD matrix(fgMaxInput, fgMaxParams);
1880 for (Int_t loop=0; loop<4; loop++)
1881 newResult[loop] = (TH1*) result->Clone(Form("newresult_%d", loop));
1883 // change bin-by-bin and built matrix of effects
1884 for (Int_t m=0; m<fgMaxInput; m++)
1886 if (measured->GetBinContent(m+1) < 1)
1889 for (Int_t loop=0; loop<4; loop++)
1891 //Printf("%d %d", i, loop);
1895 case 0: factor = 0.5; break;
1896 case 1: factor = -0.5; break;
1897 case 2: factor = 1; break;
1898 case 3: factor = -1; break;
1902 TH1* measuredClone = (TH1*) measured->Clone("measuredClone");
1904 measuredClone->SetBinContent(m+1, measured->GetBinContent(m+1) + factor * TMath::Sqrt(measured->GetBinContent(m+1)));
1905 //new TCanvas; measuredClone->Draw("COLZ");
1907 newResult[loop]->Reset();
1908 Unfold(correlation, efficiency, measuredClone, measuredClone, newResult[loop]);
1909 // WARNING if we leave here, then nothing is calculated
1912 delete measuredClone;
1915 for (Int_t t=0; t<fgMaxParams; t++)
1918 //matrix(i, j) = (result->GetBinContent(j+1) - newResult->GetBinContent(j+1)) / TMath::Sqrt(changedHist->GetBinContent(1, i+1));
1920 // four values from the derivate (procedure taken from ROOT -- suggestion by Ruben)
1921 // = 1/2D * [ 8 (f(D/2) - f(-D/2)) - (f(D)-f(-D)) ]/3
1925 measured->SetBinContent(1, m+1, 100);
1926 newResult[0]->SetBinContent(t+1, 5 * 0.5 + 10);
1927 newResult[1]->SetBinContent(t+1, 5 * -0.5 + 10);
1928 newResult[2]->SetBinContent(t+1, 5 * 1 + 10);
1929 newResult[3]->SetBinContent(t+1, 5 * -1 + 10);
1932 matrix(m, t) = 0.5 / TMath::Sqrt(measured->GetBinContent(m+1)) *
1933 ( 8. * (newResult[0]->GetBinContent(t+1) - newResult[1]->GetBinContent(t+1)) -
1934 (newResult[2]->GetBinContent(t+1) - newResult[3]->GetBinContent(t+1))
1939 for (Int_t loop=0; loop<4; loop++)
1940 delete newResult[loop];
1942 // ...calculate folded guess
1943 TH1* convoluted = (TH1*) measured->Clone("convoluted");
1944 convoluted->Reset();
1945 for (Int_t m=0; m<fgMaxInput; m++)
1948 for (Int_t t = 0; t<fgMaxParams; t++)
1950 Float_t tmp = correlation->GetBinContent(t+1, m+1) * result->GetBinContent(t+1);
1952 tmp *= efficiency->GetBinContent(t+1);
1955 convoluted->SetBinContent(m+1, value);
1959 convoluted->Scale(measured->Integral() / convoluted->Integral());
1961 //new TCanvas; convoluted->Draw(); measured->Draw("SAME"); measured->SetLineColor(2);
1965 convoluted->Add(measured, -1);
1968 for (Int_t t = 0; t<fgMaxParams; t++)
1971 for (Int_t m=0; m<fgMaxInput; m++)
1972 error += matrix(m, t) * convoluted->GetBinContent(m+1);
1973 result->SetBinError(t+1, error);
1976 //new TCanvas; result->Draw(); gPad->SetLogy();