3 <title>Left-Right-Symmetry Processes</title>
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30 <h2>Left-Right-Symmetry Processes</h2>
32 At current energies, the world is left-handed, i.e. the Standard Model
33 contains an <i>SU(2)_L</i> group. Left-right symmetry at some larger
34 scale implies the need for an <i>SU(2)_R</i> group. Thus the particle
35 content is expanded by right-handed <i>Z_R^0</i> and <i>W_R^+-</i>
36 and right-handed neutrinos. The Higgs fields have to be in a triplet
37 representation, leading to doubly-charged Higgs particles, one set for
38 each of the two <i>SU(2)</i> groups. Also the number of neutral and
39 singly-charged Higgs states is increased relative to the Standard Model,
40 but a search for the lowest-lying states of this kind is no different
41 from e.g. the freedom already accorded by the MSSM Higgs scenarios.
44 PYTHIA implements the scenario of [<a href="Bibliography.php" target="page">Hui97</a>].
47 The <i>W_R^+-</i> has been implemented as a simple copy of the
48 ordinary <i>W^+-</i>, with the exception that it couples to
49 right-handed neutrinos instead of the ordinary left-handed ones.
50 Thus the standard CKM matrix is used in the quark sector, and the
51 same vector and axial coupling strengths, leaving only the mass as
52 free parameter. The <i>Z_R^0</i> implementation (without interference
53 with the photon or the ordinary <i>Z^0</i>) allows decays both to
54 left- and right-handed neutrinos, as well as other fermions, according
55 to one specific model ansatz. Obviously both the <i>W_R^+-</i>
56 and the <i>Z_R^0</i> descriptions are likely to be simplifications,
57 but provide a starting point.
60 For the doubly-charged Higgses, the main decay modes implemented are
61 <i>H_L^++ -> W_L^+ W_L^+, l_i^+ l_j^+ </i> (<i>i, j</i> generation
62 indices) and <i>H_R^++ -> W_R^+ W_R^+, l_i^+ l_j^+</i>.
65 The right-handed neutrinos can be allowed to decay further. Assuming them
66 to have a mass below that of <i>W_R^+-</i>, they decay to three-body
67 states via a virtual <i>W_R^+-</i>, <i>nu_Rl -> l+- f fbar'</i>,
68 where both lepton charges are allowed owing to the Majorana character
69 of the neutrinos. If there is a significant mass splitting, also
70 sequential decays <i>nu_Rl -> l+- l'-+ nu'_Rl</i> are allowed.
71 Currently the decays are isotropic in phase space. If the neutrino
72 masses are close to or above the <i>W_R^</i> ones, this description
73 has to be substituted by a sequential decay via a real <i>W_R^</i>
74 (not implemented, but actually simpler to do than the one here).
77 <h3>Production processes</h3>
79 A few different production processes have been implemented, which normally
80 would not overlap and therefore could be run together.
82 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:all</strong> <input type="radio" name="1" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
83 <input type="radio" name="1" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
84 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
85 Common switch for the group of implemented processes within a
86 left-right-symmetric scenario.
89 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:ffbar2ZR</strong> <input type="radio" name="2" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
90 <input type="radio" name="2" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
91 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
92 Scatterings <i>f fbar -> Z_R^0</i>.
96 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:ffbar2WR</strong> <input type="radio" name="3" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
97 <input type="radio" name="3" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
98 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
99 Scatterings <i><f fbar' -> W_R^+</i>.
103 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:ll2HL</strong> <input type="radio" name="4" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
104 <input type="radio" name="4" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
105 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
106 Scatterings <i>l_i l_j -> H_L^--</i>.
110 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:lgm2HLe</strong> <input type="radio" name="5" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
111 <input type="radio" name="5" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
112 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
113 Scatterings <i>l_i gamma -> H_L^-- e^+</i>.
117 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:lgm2HLmu</strong> <input type="radio" name="6" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
118 <input type="radio" name="6" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
119 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
120 Scatterings <i>l_i gamma -> H_L^-- mu^+</i>.
124 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:lgm2HLtau</strong> <input type="radio" name="7" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
125 <input type="radio" name="7" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
126 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
127 Scatterings <i>l_i gamma -> H_L^-- tau^+</i>.
131 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:ff2HLff</strong> <input type="radio" name="8" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
132 <input type="radio" name="8" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
133 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
134 Scatterings <i>f_1 f_2 -> H_L^-- f_3 f_4</i> via <i>WW</i> fusion.
138 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:ffbar2HLHL</strong> <input type="radio" name="9" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
139 <input type="radio" name="9" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
140 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
141 Scatterings <i>f fbar -> H_L^++ H_L^--</i>.
145 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:ll2HR</strong> <input type="radio" name="10" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
146 <input type="radio" name="10" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
147 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
148 Scatterings <i>l_i l_j -> H_R^--</i>.
152 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:lgm2HRe</strong> <input type="radio" name="11" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
153 <input type="radio" name="11" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
154 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
155 Scatterings <i>l_i gamma -> H_R^-- e^+</i>.
159 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:lgm2HRmu</strong> <input type="radio" name="12" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
160 <input type="radio" name="12" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
161 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
162 Scatterings <i>l_i gamma -> H_R^-- mu^+</i>.
166 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:lgm2HRtau</strong> <input type="radio" name="13" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
167 <input type="radio" name="13" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
168 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
169 Scatterings <i>l_i gamma -> H_R^-- tau^+</i>.
173 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:ff2HRff</strong> <input type="radio" name="14" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
174 <input type="radio" name="14" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
175 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
176 Scatterings <i>f_1 f_2 -> H_R^-- f_3 f_4</i> via <i>WW</i> fusion.
180 <br/><br/><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:ffbar2HRHR</strong> <input type="radio" name="15" value="on"><strong>On</strong>
181 <input type="radio" name="15" value="off" checked="checked"><strong>Off</strong>
182 (<code>default = <strong>off</strong></code>)<br/>
183 Scatterings <i>f fbar -> H_R^++ H_L^--</i>.
189 The basic couplings of the model are
191 <br/><br/><table><tr><td><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:gL </td><td></td><td> <input type="text" name="16" value="0.64" size="20"/> (<code>default = <strong>0.64</strong></code>; <code>minimum = 0.0</code>)</td></tr></table>
192 lefthanded coupling <i>g_L = e / sin(theta)</i>.
195 <br/><br/><table><tr><td><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:gR </td><td></td><td> <input type="text" name="17" value="0.64" size="20"/> (<code>default = <strong>0.64</strong></code>; <code>minimum = 0.0</code>)</td></tr></table>
196 righthanded coupling <i>g_R</i>, assumed the same as <i>g_L</i>.
199 <br/><br/><table><tr><td><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:vL </td><td></td><td> <input type="text" name="18" value="5." size="20"/> (<code>default = <strong>5.</strong></code>; <code>minimum = 0.0</code>)</td></tr></table>
200 vacuum expectation value <i>v_L</i> (in GeV) for the left-triplet.
204 The corresponding vacuum expectation value <i>v_R</i> is assumed
205 given by <i>v_R = sqrt(2) M_WR / g_R</i> and is not stored explicitly.
208 The Yukawa couplings of a lepton pair to a <i>H^--</i>, assumed the
209 same for <i>H_L^--</i> and <i>H_R^--</i>, is described by a symmetric
210 3-by-3 matrix. The default matrix is dominated by the diagonal elements
211 and especially by the <i>tau tau</i> one.
213 <br/><br/><table><tr><td><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:coupHee </td><td></td><td> <input type="text" name="19" value="0.1" size="20"/> (<code>default = <strong>0.1</strong></code>; <code>minimum = 0.0</code>)</td></tr></table>
214 Yukawa coupling for <i>H^-- -> e- e-</i>.
217 <br/><br/><table><tr><td><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:coupHmue </td><td></td><td> <input type="text" name="20" value="0.01" size="20"/> (<code>default = <strong>0.01</strong></code>; <code>minimum = 0.0</code>)</td></tr></table>
218 Yukawa coupling for <i>H^-- -> mu- e-</i>.
221 <br/><br/><table><tr><td><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:coupHmumu </td><td></td><td> <input type="text" name="21" value="0.1" size="20"/> (<code>default = <strong>0.1</strong></code>; <code>minimum = 0.0</code>)</td></tr></table>
222 Yukawa coupling for <i>H^-- -> mu- mu-</i>.
225 <br/><br/><table><tr><td><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:coupHtaue </td><td></td><td> <input type="text" name="22" value="0.01" size="20"/> (<code>default = <strong>0.01</strong></code>; <code>minimum = 0.0</code>)</td></tr></table>
226 Yukawa coupling for <i>H^-- -> tau- e-</i>.
229 <br/><br/><table><tr><td><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:coupHtaumu </td><td></td><td> <input type="text" name="23" value="0.01" size="20"/> (<code>default = <strong>0.01</strong></code>; <code>minimum = 0.0</code>)</td></tr></table>
230 Yukawa coupling for <i>H^-- -> tau- mu-</i>.
233 <br/><br/><table><tr><td><strong>LeftRightSymmmetry:coupHtautau </td><td></td><td> <input type="text" name="24" value="0.3" size="20"/> (<code>default = <strong>0.3</strong></code>; <code>minimum = 0.0</code>)</td></tr></table>
234 Yukawa coupling for <i>H^-- -> tau- tau-</i>.
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