#include "AliRICHTracker.h" //class header
#include "AliRICH.h"
#include "AliRICHRecon.h"
+#include "AliRICHParam.h"
#include <AliESD.h>
+#include <TGeoManager.h> //EsdQA()
#include <TVector3.h>
-#include <TTree.h> //EsdPrint()
-#include <TFile.h> //EsdPrint()
+#include <TTree.h> //EsdQA()
+#include <TFile.h> //EsdQA()
+#include <TProfile.h> //EsdQA()
#include "AliRICHHelix.h"
#include <AliMagF.h>
#include <AliStack.h>
#include <TNtupleD.h> //RecWithStack();
#include <AliTrackPointArray.h> //GetTrackPoint()
#include <AliAlignObj.h> //GetTrackPoint()
+#include <TH1F.h> //EsdQA()
+#include <TH2F.h> //EsdQA()
+#include <TCanvas.h> //EsdQA()
ClassImp(AliRICHTracker)
//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
AliRICHTracker::AliRICHTracker():AliTracker()
// Interface callback methode invoked by AliRecontruction::RunTracking() during tracking after TOF. It's done just once per event
// Arguments: pESD - pointer to Event Summary Data class instance which contains a list of tracks
// Returns: error code, 0 if no errors
- Int_t iNtracks=pESD->GetNumberOfTracks();
- AliDebug(1,Form("Start with %i tracks",iNtracks));
+ Int_t iNtracks=pESD->GetNumberOfTracks(); AliDebug(1,Form("Start with %i tracks",iNtracks));
AliRICH *pRich=((AliRICH*)gAlice->GetDetector("RICH"));
AliRICHRecon recon;
+ Int_t nphots =0;
for(Int_t iTrk=0;iTrk<iNtracks;iTrk++){//ESD tracks loop
- AliESDtrack *pTrack = pESD->GetTrack(iTrk);// get next reconstructed track
- AliRICHHelix helix(pTrack->X3(),pTrack->P3(),(Int_t)pTrack->GetSign(),GetBz()/10); //construct helix out of track running parameters
- helix.Print("Track");
+ AliESDtrack *pTrk = pESD->GetTrack(iTrk);// get next reconstructed track
+ Double_t mom[3], pos[3];
+ pTrk->GetPxPyPz(mom); TVector3 mom3(mom[0],mom[1],mom[2]);
+ pTrk->GetXYZ(pos); TVector3 pos3(pos[0],pos[1],pos[2]);
+ AliRICHHelix helix(pos3,mom3,(Int_t)pTrk->GetSign(),-0.1*GetBz()); //construct helix out of track running parameters
+ //Printf(" magnetic field %f charged %f\n",GetBz(),pTrack->GetSign()); helix.Print("Track");
Int_t iChamber=helix.RichIntersect(AliRICHParam::Instance());
if(!iChamber) continue; //no intersection with chambers, ignore this track go after the next one
//find MIP cluster candidate (closest to track intersection point cluster with large enough QDC)
- Double_t dR=9999, dX=9999, dY=9999; //distance between track-PC intersection point and current cluster
- Double_t dRmip=9999,dXmip=9999,dYmip=9999; //distance between track-PC intersection point and nearest cluster
- Int_t iMipId=-1; //index of this nearest cluster
- for(Int_t iClu=0;iClu<pRich->Clus(iChamber)->GetEntries();iClu++){//clusters loop for intersected chamber
- AliRICHCluster *pClu=(AliRICHCluster*)pRich->Clus(iChamber)->UncheckedAt(iClu);//get pointer to current cluster
- if(pClu->Q()<AliRICHParam::QthMIP()) continue; //to low QDC, go after another one
- pClu->DistXY(helix.PosPc(),dX,dY); dR=TMath::Sqrt(dX*dX+dY*dY); //get distance for current cluster
- if(dR<dRmip){iMipId=iClu; dRmip=dR; dXmip=dX; dYmip=dY; } //current cluster is closer, overwrite data for min cluster
+ Double_t dR=9999, dX=9999, dY=9999; //distance between track-PC intersection point and current cluster
+ Double_t mipDr=9999,mipDx=9999,mipDy=9999,mipX=9999,mipY=9999; Int_t mipQ=0; //nearest cluster parameters
+ Int_t iMipId=-1; //index of this nearest cluster
+ for(Int_t iClu=0;iClu<pRich->Clus(iChamber)->GetEntries();iClu++){ //clusters loop for intersected chamber
+ AliRICHCluster *pClu=(AliRICHCluster*)pRich->Clus(iChamber)->UncheckedAt(iClu); //get pointer to current cluster
+ if(pClu->Q()<AliRICHParam::QthMIP()) continue; //to low QDC, go after another one
+ pClu->DistXY(helix.PosPc(),dX,dY); dR=TMath::Sqrt(dX*dX+dY*dY); //get distance for current cluster
+ if(dR<mipDr){iMipId=iClu; mipDr=dR; mipDx=dX; mipDy=dY; mipX=pClu->X(); mipY=pClu->Y(); mipQ=pClu->Q();} //current cluster is closer, overwrite data for min cluster
}//clusters loop for intersected chamber
- pTrack->SetRICHthetaPhi(helix.Ploc().Theta(),helix.Ploc().Phi()); //store track impact angles with respect to RICH planes
- pTrack->SetRICHdxdy(dXmip,dYmip); //distance between track-PC intersection and closest cluster with Qdc>100
+ pTrk->SetRICHthetaPhi(helix.Ploc().Theta(),helix.Ploc().Phi()); //store track impact angles with respect to RICH planes
+ pTrk->SetRICHdxdy(mipDx,mipDy); //distance between track-PC intersection and closest cluster with Qdc>100
+ pTrk->SetRICHmipXY(mipX,mipY); //position of that closest cluster with Qdc>100
+ pTrk->SetRICHnclusters(1000000*mipQ); //charge of that closest cluster with Qdc>100
- if(iMipId==-1) {pTrack->SetRICHsignal(kMipQdcCut); continue;} //no cluster with enough QDC found
- if(dRmip>AliRICHParam::DmatchMIP()) {pTrack->SetRICHsignal(kMipDistCut); continue;} //closest cluster with enough carge is still too far
+ if(iMipId==-1) {pTrk->SetRICHsignal(kMipQdcCut); continue;} //no cluster with enough QDC found
+ if(mipDr>AliRICHParam::DmatchMIP()) {pTrk->SetRICHsignal(kMipDistCut); continue;} //closest cluster with enough carge is still too far
- pTrack->SetRICHcluster(iMipId+1000000*iChamber); //set mip cluster index
- pTrack->SetRICHsignal(recon.ThetaCerenkov(&helix,pRich->Clus(iChamber),iMipId));//search for mean Cerenkov angle for this track
- pTrack->SetRICHnclusters(iMipId); //on return iMipId is number of photon clusters accepted in reconstruction
+ pTrk->SetRICHcluster(iMipId+1000000*iChamber); //set mip cluster index
+ pTrk->SetRICHsignal(recon.ThetaCerenkov(&helix,pRich->Clus(iChamber),nphots));//search for mean Cerenkov angle for this track
+ pTrk->SetRICHnclusters(1000000*mipQ+nphots); //on return nphots is number of photon clusters accepted in reconstruction
+ pTrk->SetRICHchi2(recon.GetRingSigma2());
AliDebug(1,Form("Ch=%i PC Intersection=(%5.2f,%5.2f) cm MIP cluster dist=(%5.2f,%5.2f)=%5.2f cm ThetaCkov=%f",
- iChamber,helix.PosPc().X(),helix.PosPc().Y(), dXmip,dYmip,dRmip, pTrack->GetRICHsignal()));
+ iChamber,helix.PosPc().X(),helix.PosPc().Y(), mipDx,mipDy,mipDr, pTrk->GetRICHsignal()));
//here comes PID calculations
- if(pTrack->GetRICHsignal()>0) {
- AliDebug(1,Form("Start to assign the probabilities"));
- Double_t sigmaPID[AliPID::kSPECIES];
- Double_t richPID[AliPID::kSPECIES];
- for (Int_t iPart=0;iPart<AliPID::kSPECIES;iPart++) {
- sigmaPID[iPart] = 0;
- fErrPar[iPart] = 0;
- for(Int_t iphot=0;iphot<pRich->Clus(iChamber)->GetEntries();iphot++) {
- recon.SetPhotonIndex(iphot);
- if(recon.GetPhotonFlag() == 2) {
- Double_t theta_g=recon.GetTrackTheta();
- Double_t phi_g=(recon.GetPhiPoint()-recon.GetTrackPhi());
- Double_t sigma2 = AliRICHParam::Instance()->SigmaSinglePhoton(iPart,pTrack->GetP(),theta_g,phi_g).Mag2();
- if(sigma2>0) sigmaPID[iPart] += 1/sigma2;
- }
- }
- if (sigmaPID[iPart]>0)
- sigmaPID[iPart] *= (Double_t)(iMipId-recon.GetPhotBKG())/(Double_t)(iMipId); // n total phots, m are background...the sigma are scaled..
- if(sigmaPID[iPart]>0) sigmaPID[iPart] = 1/TMath::Sqrt(sigmaPID[iPart])*0.001; // sigma from parametrization are in mrad...
- else sigmaPID[iPart] = 0;
- fErrPar[iPart]=sigmaPID[iPart];
- AliDebug(1,Form("sigma for %s is %f rad",AliPID::ParticleName(iPart),sigmaPID[iPart]));
- }
- CalcProb(pTrack->GetRICHsignal(),pTrack->GetP(),sigmaPID,richPID);
- pTrack->SetRICHpid(richPID);
- AliDebug(1,Form("PROBABILITIES ---> %f - %f - %f - %f - %f",richPID[0],richPID[1],richPID[2],richPID[3],richPID[4]));
- }
+// CalcProb(pTrack->GetRICHsignal(),pTrack->GetP(),sigmaPID,richPID);
}//ESD tracks loop
AliDebug(1,"Stop pattern recognition");
return 0; // error code: 0=no error;
AliDebug(1,"Stop.");
}//RecWithStack
//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-void AliRICHTracker::CalcProb(Double_t thetaCer,Double_t pmod, Double_t *sigmaPID, Double_t *richPID)
+void AliRICHTracker::EsdQA(Bool_t isPrint)
{
-// Calculates probability to be a electron-muon-pion-kaon-proton
-// from the given Cerenkov angle and momentum assuming no initial particle composition
-// (i.e. apriory probability to be the particle of the given sort is the same for all sorts)
- Double_t height[AliPID::kSPECIES];Double_t totalHeight=0;
- Double_t thetaTh[AliPID::kSPECIES];
- for(Int_t iPart=0;iPart<AliPID::kSPECIES;iPart++){
- height[iPart]=0;
- Double_t mass = AliRICHParam::fgMass[iPart];
- Double_t refIndex=AliRICHParam::Instance()->IdxC6F14(AliRICHParam::EckovMean());
- Double_t cosThetaTh = TMath::Sqrt(mass*mass+pmod*pmod)/(refIndex*pmod);
- thetaTh[iPart]=0;
- if(cosThetaTh>=1) continue;
- thetaTh[iPart] = TMath::ACos(cosThetaTh);
-// Double_t sinThetaThNorm = TMath::Sin(thetaTh)/TMath::Sqrt(1-1/(refIndex*refIndex));
-// Double_t sigmaThetaTh = (0.014*(1/sinThetaThNorm-1) + 0.0043)*1.25;
-// height[iPart] = TMath::Gaus(thetaCer,thetaTh,sigmaThetaTh);
- if(sigmaPID[iPart]>0) height[iPart] = TMath::Gaus(thetaCer,thetaTh[iPart],sigmaPID[iPart],kTRUE);
- else height[iPart] = 0;
- totalHeight +=height[iPart];
- AliDebugClass(1,Form(" Particle %s with mass %f with height %f and thetaTH %f",AliPID::ParticleName(iPart),mass,height[iPart],thetaTh[iPart]));
- AliDebugClass(1,Form(" partial height %15.14f total height %15.14f",height[iPart],totalHeight));
+// Reads ESD file and print out or plot some information for QA
+// Arguments: isPrint is a flag to choose between printing (isPrint = kTRUE) and plotting (isPrint = kFALSE)
+// Returns: none
+
+ TFile *pFile=TFile::Open("AliESDs.root","read"); if(!pFile) {Printf("ERROR: AliESDs.root does not exist!");return;}
+ TTree *pTr=(TTree*)pFile->Get("esdTree"); if(!pTr) {Printf("ERROR: AliESDs.root, no ESD tree inside!");return;}
+ AliESD *pEsd=new AliESD; pTr->SetBranchAddress("ESD", &pEsd);
+
+ TH1D *pProbEl=0,*pProbMu=0,*pProbPi=0,*pProbKa=0,*pProbPr=0,*pMom=0,*pMipQ=0;
+ TH2F *pThP=0,*pDxDy=0;
+ TProfile *pChiTh=0;
+ if(!isPrint){
+ TH1::AddDirectory(kFALSE);
+ pProbEl=new TH1D("RiProbE" ,"Prob e" ,101 ,0 ,1.05); pProbEl->SetLineColor(kGreen);
+ pProbPi=new TH1D("RiProbPi","Prob #pi" ,101 ,0 ,1.05); pProbPi->SetLineColor(kRed);
+ pProbMu=new TH1D("RiProbMu","Prob #mu" ,101 ,0 ,1.05); pProbMu->SetLineColor(kBlue);
+ pProbKa=new TH1D("RiProbK" ,"Prob K" ,101 ,0 ,1.05);
+ pProbPr=new TH1D("RiProbP" ,"Prob p" ,101 ,0 ,1.05);
+ pMom =new TH1D("pMom" ,"Track P, GeV" ,200 ,0 ,20 );
+ pMipQ =new TH1D("RiMipQ" ,"Mip Q, ADC" ,2000 ,0 ,4000);
+ pThP =new TH2F("RiThP" ,"#theta_{Ckov} radian;P GeV" ,65 ,-0.5,6.0,75,0,0.75); pThP->SetStats(0);
+ pDxDy =new TH2F("RiDxDy" ,"distance between mip and track;cm",300,-2.5,2.5, 300,-2.5,2.5);
+ pChiTh =new TProfile("RiChiTh","#chi^{2};#theta_{C}" ,80 ,0,0.8 , -2,2);
}
- if(totalHeight<1e-5) {for(Int_t iPart=0;iPart<AliPID::kSPECIES;iPart++)richPID[iPart]=1.0/AliPID::kSPECIES;return;}
- for(Int_t iPart=0;iPart<AliPID::kSPECIES;iPart++) richPID[iPart] = height[iPart]/totalHeight;
- Int_t iPartNear = TMath::LocMax(AliPID::kSPECIES,richPID);
- if(TMath::Abs(thetaCer-thetaTh[iPartNear])>5.*sigmaPID[iPartNear]) for(Int_t iPart=0;iPart<AliPID::kSPECIES;iPart++)richPID[iPart]=1.0/AliPID::kSPECIES;
- //last line is to check if the nearest thetacerenkov to the teorethical one is within 5 sigma, otherwise no response (equal prob to every particle
-
-}//CalcProb
-//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-void AliRICHTracker::EsdPrint()
-{
- TFile *pFile=TFile::Open("AliESDs.root","read"); if(!pFile) {Printf("ERROR: No AliESDs.root in current directory!");return;}
- TTree *pEsdTr = (TTree*)pFile->Get("esdTree"); if(!pEsdTr){Printf("ERROR: Bad AliESDs.root, no ESD tree inside!");return;}
- AliESD *pESD=new AliESD; pEsdTr->SetBranchAddress("ESD", &pESD);
- Int_t iNevt=pEsdTr->GetEntries(); Printf("This ESD contains %i events",iNevt);
- for(Int_t iEvt=0;iEvt<iNevt;iEvt++){//ESD events loop
- pEsdTr->GetEvent(iEvt);
- Int_t iNtracks=pESD->GetNumberOfTracks(); Printf("ESD contains %i tracks created in Bz=%.2f Tesla",iNtracks,pESD->GetMagneticField()/10.);
- for(Int_t iTrk=0;iTrk<iNtracks;iTrk++){//ESD tracks loop
- AliESDtrack *pTrack = pESD->GetTrack(iTrk);// get next reconstructed track
- Double_t dx,dy; pTrack->GetRICHdxdy(dx,dy);
- Double_t theta,phi; pTrack->GetRICHthetaPhi(theta,phi);
- Printf("Track %2i Q=%4.1f P=%.3f GeV RICH: ChamberCluster %7i Track-Mip=(%7.2f,%7.2f)=%5.2f cm ThetaCer %7.1f rad",iTrk,pTrack->GetSign(),pTrack->GetP(),
- pTrack->GetRICHcluster(),dx,dy,TMath::Sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy),pTrack->GetRICHsignal());
+ Int_t iEvtCnt=0,iTrkCnt=0,iGoodCnt=0; Float_t bz=0;
+ for(Int_t iEvt=0;iEvt<pTr->GetEntries();iEvt++){//ESD events loop
+ pTr->GetEvent(iEvt); iEvtCnt++; if(isPrint) Printf("");
+ bz=pEsd->GetMagneticField()/10.;
+ for(Int_t iTrk=0;iTrk<pEsd->GetNumberOfTracks();iTrk++){//ESD tracks loop
+ AliESDtrack *pTrk=pEsd->GetTrack(iTrk); iTrkCnt++; //get next reconstructed track and increment total tracks counter
+
+ Float_t mom =pTrk->GetP(); //track momentum
+ Double_t sign =pTrk->GetSign(); //track sign
+ Float_t ckov =pTrk->GetRICHsignal(); //Theta ckov for this track, rad
+ Float_t chi2 =pTrk->GetRICHchi2(); //Theta ckov error for this track, rad^2
+ Int_t qdc =pTrk->GetRICHnclusters()/1000000; //Mip candidate charge, qdc
+ Int_t nphot =pTrk->GetRICHnclusters()%1000000; //number of photon candidates
+ Float_t dx,dy; pTrk->GetRICHdxdy(dx,dy); //distance between mip position and track instersection
+ Float_t theta,phi; pTrk->GetRICHthetaPhi(theta,phi); //track inclination angles in LORS
+ Double_t pid[5]; pTrk->GetRICHpid(pid); //pid vector
+
+ if(ckov>0) iGoodCnt++;
+ if(isPrint){
+ TString comment;
+ if(ckov>0) comment="OK";
+ else if(ckov==kMipQdcCut) comment="small QDC";
+ else if(ckov==kMipDistCut) comment="mip too far";
+ else if(ckov==-1) comment="no intersection";
+ Printf("Tr=%2i Q=%4.1f P=%.3f R=%4.2f Th=%6.3f MipQ= %4i Nph=%2i" " rad Prob : e=%.4f mu=%.4f pi=%.4f K=%.4f p=%.4f %s" ,
+ iTrk,sign,mom,TMath::Sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy),ckov,qdc,nphot, pid[0],pid[1],pid[2],pid[3],pid[4], comment.Data());
+ }else{//collect hists
+ pMom->Fill(mom);
+ pMipQ->Fill(qdc);
+ pDxDy->Fill(dx,dy);
+ pThP->Fill(mom,ckov);
+ pChiTh->Fill(ckov,chi2);
+ pProbEl->Fill(pid[0]);
+ pProbMu->Fill(pid[1]);
+ pProbPi->Fill(pid[2]);
+ pProbKa->Fill(pid[3]);
+ pProbPr->Fill(pid[4]);
+ }//if plot
}//ESD tracks loop
}//ESD events loop
- delete pESD; pFile->Close();//close AliESDs.root
+ delete pEsd; pFile->Close();//close AliESDs.root
+
+ TString summary=Form("Events: %i Tracks %i Good RICH: %i Mag Fld %.2f Tesla",iEvtCnt,iTrkCnt,iGoodCnt,bz);
+ if(isPrint){
+ Printf(summary.Data());
+ }else{
+ TCanvas *pC=new TCanvas("c",summary.Data()); pC->Divide(2,2);
+ TF1 *pPion = new TF1("RITheor","acos(sqrt(x*x+[0]*[0])/(x*[1]))",1.2,6); pPion->SetLineWidth(1);
+ pPion->SetParameter(1,1.292); //ref idx
+ AliPID ppp; pPion->SetLineColor(kRed); pPion->SetParameter(0,AliPID::ParticleMass(AliPID::kPion)); //mass
+ TF1 *pKaon = (TF1*)pPion->Clone(); pKaon->SetLineColor(kGreen); pKaon->SetParameter(0,AliPID::ParticleMass(AliPID::kKaon));
+ TF1 *pProt = (TF1*)pPion->Clone(); pProt->SetLineColor(kBlue); pProt->SetParameter(0,AliPID::ParticleMass(AliPID::kProton));
+
+ pC->cd(1); pDxDy->Draw(); //distance between mip and track intersection
+ pC->cd(2); pMipQ->Draw();
+ pC->cd(3); pThP->Draw(); pPion->Draw("same"); pKaon->Draw("same"); pProt->Draw("same"); //Theta Ckov versus p + theoretical curves
+ pC->cd(4); pChiTh->Draw(); //Theta Ckov error versus theta Ckov
+
+ TCanvas *pC2=new TCanvas("c2",summary.Data()); pC2->Divide(2,2);
+ pC2->cd(1); pProbPi->Draw(); pProbMu->Draw("same"); pProbEl->Draw("same");
+ pC2->cd(2); pProbKa->Draw();
+ pC2->cd(3); pProbPr->Draw();
+ pC2->cd(4); pMom->Draw();
+ }
+}//EsdQA()
+//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+void AliRICHTracker::MatrixPrint(Double_t probCut)
+{
+// Reads a set of 3 ESD files from current directory and prints out the matrix of probabilities to pion kaon or proton completely blindly withou nay assumption on the contents of files.
+// Normally it implies that those 3 ESDs contain only particles of the same sort namly pions, kaons and protons in that order.
+// Arguments: probCut - cut on probability
+// Returns: none
+ for(Int_t iFile=0;iFile<3;iFile++){
+ TFile *pFile=TFile::Open(Form("Esd%1i.root",iFile+1),"read"); if(!pFile) {Printf("ERROR: Esd%1i.root does not exist!",iFile+1);return;}
+ TTree *pTr=(TTree*)pFile->Get("esdTree"); if(!pTr) {Printf("ERROR: Esd%1i.root, no ESD tree inside!",iFile+1);return;}
+ AliESD *pEsd=new AliESD; pTr->SetBranchAddress("ESD", &pEsd);
+ Int_t iProtCnt=0,iKaonCnt=0,iPionCnt=0,iUnreconCnt=0,iTrkCnt=0; //counters
+
+ for(Int_t iEvt=0;iEvt<pTr->GetEntries();iEvt++){//ESD events loop
+ pTr->GetEvent(iEvt);
+ iTrkCnt+=pEsd->GetNumberOfTracks();
+ for(Int_t iTrk=0;iTrk<pEsd->GetNumberOfTracks();iTrk++){//ESD tracks loop
+ AliESDtrack *pTrack = pEsd->GetTrack(iTrk);// get next reconstructed track
+ Float_t dx,dy; pTrack->GetRICHdxdy(dx,dy);
+ Float_t theta,phi; pTrack->GetRICHthetaPhi(theta,phi);
+ Double_t prob[5]; pTrack->GetRICHpid(prob);
+ if(pTrack->GetRICHsignal()>0){
+ if(prob[4]>probCut) iProtCnt++;
+ if(prob[3]>probCut) iKaonCnt++;
+ if((prob[0]+prob[1]+prob[2])>probCut) iPionCnt++;
+ } else
+ iUnreconCnt++;
+ }//ESD tracks loop
+
+ }//ESD events loop
+ Printf("Bz=%5.2f Events=%i Total tracks=%i No recognized tracks=%i Pion=%i Kaon=%i Proton=%i ProbCut=%.2f",
+ 0.1*pEsd->GetMagneticField(),pTr->GetEntries(),iTrkCnt,iUnreconCnt,iPionCnt,iKaonCnt,iProtCnt,probCut);
+ delete pEsd; pFile->Close();//close AliESDs.root
+ }//files loop
}
//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++