1 /**************************************************************************
2 * Copyright(c) 1998-1999, ALICE Experiment at CERN, All rights reserved. *
4 * Author: The ALICE Off-line Project. *
5 * Contributors are mentioned in the code where appropriate. *
7 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its *
8 * documentation strictly for non-commercial purposes is hereby granted *
9 * without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all *
10 * copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice *
11 * appear in the supporting documentation. The authors make no claims *
12 * about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is *
13 * provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. *
14 **************************************************************************/
18 #include <Riostream.h>
23 #include <TParticle.h>
27 #include "AliITShit.h"
28 #include "AliITSdigit.h"
29 #include "AliITSmodule.h"
30 #include "AliITSMapA2.h"
31 #include "AliITSpList.h"
32 #include "AliITSsimulationSPD.h"
33 #include "AliITSsegmentation.h"
34 #include "AliITSresponse.h"
35 #include "AliITSsegmentationSPD.h"
36 #include "AliITSresponseSPD.h"
40 ClassImp(AliITSsimulationSPD)
41 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
43 // Written by Rocco Caliandro
44 // from a model developed with T. Virgili and R.A. Fini
47 // AliITSsimulationSPD is the simulation of SPDs
49 //______________________________________________________________________
50 AliITSsimulationSPD::AliITSsimulationSPD(){
51 // Default constructor
64 //______________________________________________________________________
65 AliITSsimulationSPD::AliITSsimulationSPD(AliITSsegmentation *seg,
66 AliITSresponse *resp) {
67 // Standard constructor
79 Init((AliITSsegmentationSPD*)seg,(AliITSresponseSPD*)resp);
81 //______________________________________________________________________
82 void AliITSsimulationSPD::Init(AliITSsegmentationSPD *seg,
83 AliITSresponseSPD *resp) {
84 // Initilizes the variables of AliITSsimulation SPD.
89 fMapA2 = new AliITSMapA2(fSegmentation);
90 fpList = new AliITSpList(GetNPixelsZ()+1,GetNPixelsX()+1);
92 fResponse->Thresholds(fThresh,fSigma);
93 fResponse->GetNoiseParam(fCouplCol,fCouplRow);
94 fNPixelsZ = fSegmentation->Npz();
95 fNPixelsX = fSegmentation->Npx();
98 //______________________________________________________________________
99 AliITSsimulationSPD::~AliITSsimulationSPD() {
110 //______________________________________________________________________
111 AliITSsimulationSPD::AliITSsimulationSPD(const AliITSsimulationSPD &source){
114 if(&source == this) return;
116 this->fMapA2 = source.fMapA2;
117 this->fHis = source.fHis;
119 this->fThresh = source.fThresh;
120 this->fSigma = source.fSigma;
121 this->fCouplCol = source.fCouplCol;
122 this->fCouplRow = source.fCouplRow;
123 this->fNPixelsX = source.fNPixelsX;
124 this->fNPixelsZ = source.fNPixelsZ;
128 //______________________________________________________________________
129 AliITSsimulationSPD& AliITSsimulationSPD::operator=(const AliITSsimulationSPD
131 // Assignment operator
133 if(&source == this) return *this;
135 this->fMapA2 = source.fMapA2;
136 this->fHis = source.fHis;
138 this->fThresh = source.fThresh;
139 this->fSigma = source.fSigma;
140 this->fCouplCol = source.fCouplCol;
141 this->fCouplRow = source.fCouplRow;
142 this->fNPixelsX = source.fNPixelsX;
143 this->fNPixelsZ = source.fNPixelsZ;
147 //______________________________________________________________________
148 void AliITSsimulationSPD::InitSimulationModule(Int_t module,Int_t event){
149 // Creates maps to build the list of tracks for each sumable digit
151 // Int_t module // Module number to be simulated
152 // Int_t event // Event number to be simulated
163 //______________________________________________________________________
164 void AliITSsimulationSPD::FinishSDigitiseModule(){
165 // Does the Sdigits to Digits work
173 SDigitsToDigits(fModule,fpList);
175 //______________________________________________________________________
176 void AliITSsimulationSPD::SDigitiseModule(AliITSmodule *mod, Int_t dummy0,
178 // Sum digitize module
179 if (!(mod->GetNhits())) return; // if module has no hits then no Sdigits.
180 Int_t number = 10000;
181 Int_t *frowpixel = new Int_t[number];
182 Int_t *fcolpixel = new Int_t[number];
183 Double_t *fenepixel = new Double_t[number];
185 fModule = mod->GetIndex();
187 // Array of pointers to store the track index of the digits
188 // leave +1, otherwise pList crashes when col=256, row=192
190 HitsToAnalogDigits(mod,frowpixel,fcolpixel,fenepixel,fpList);
192 WriteSDigits(fpList);
201 //______________________________________________________________________
202 void AliITSsimulationSPD::DigitiseModule(AliITSmodule *mod, Int_t dummy0,
204 // digitize module. Also need to digitize modules with only noise.
206 Int_t number = 10000;
207 Int_t *frowpixel = new Int_t[number];
208 Int_t *fcolpixel = new Int_t[number];
209 Double_t *fenepixel = new Double_t[number];
211 // Array of pointers to store the track index of the digits
212 // leave +1, otherwise pList crashes when col=256, row=192
213 fModule = mod->GetIndex();
215 SetFluctuations(fpList,fModule);
217 HitsToAnalogDigits(mod,frowpixel,fcolpixel,fenepixel,fpList);
219 // apply mask to SPD module
222 CreateDigit(fModule,fpList);
231 //______________________________________________________________________
232 void AliITSsimulationSPD::SDigitsToDigits(Int_t module,AliITSpList *pList) {
233 // sum digits to Digits.
236 cout << "Entering AliITSsimulatinSPD::SDigitsToDigits for module=";
237 cout << module << endl;
242 SetFluctuations(pList,module);
244 fMapA2->ClearMap(); // since noise is in pList aready. Zero Map so that
245 // noise is not doubled when calling FillMapFrompList.
247 FillMapFrompList(pList);
249 // apply mask to SPD module
252 CreateDigit(module,pList);
257 //______________________________________________________________________
258 void AliITSsimulationSPD::UpdateMapSignal(Int_t row,Int_t col,Int_t trk,
259 Int_t hit,Int_t mod,Double_t ene,
260 AliITSpList *pList) {
261 // updates the Map of signal, adding the energy (ene) released by
264 fMapA2->AddSignal(row,col,ene);
265 pList->AddSignal(row,col,trk,hit,mod,ene);
267 //______________________________________________________________________
268 void AliITSsimulationSPD::UpdateMapNoise(Int_t row,Int_t col,Int_t mod,
269 Double_t ene,AliITSpList *pList) {
270 // updates the Map of noise, adding the energy (ene) give my noise
272 fMapA2->AddSignal(row,col,ene);
273 pList->AddNoise(row,col,mod,ene);
275 //______________________________________________________________________
276 void AliITSsimulationSPD::HitsToAnalogDigits(AliITSmodule *mod,
277 Int_t *frowpixel,Int_t *fcolpixel,
279 AliITSpList *pList) {
280 // Loops over all hits to produce Analog/floting point digits. This
281 // is also the first task in producing standard digits.
283 // loop over hits in the module
284 Int_t hitpos,nhits = mod->GetNhits();
285 for (hitpos=0;hitpos<nhits;hitpos++) {
286 HitToDigit(mod,hitpos,frowpixel,fcolpixel,fenepixel,pList);
287 }// end loop over digits
289 //______________________________________________________________________
290 void AliITSsimulationSPD::HitToDigit(AliITSmodule *mod,Int_t hitpos,
291 Int_t *frowpixel,Int_t *fcolpixel,
292 Double_t *fenepixel,AliITSpList *pList) {
293 // Steering function to determine the digits associated to a given
295 // The digits are created by charge sharing (ChargeSharing) and by
296 // capacitive coupling (SetCoupling). At all the created digits is
297 // associated the track number of the hit (ntrack)
298 Double_t x1l=0.0,y1l=0.0,z1l=0.0,x2l=0.0,y2l=0.0,z2l=0.0;
299 Int_t r1,r2,c1,c2,row,col,npixel = 0;
301 Double_t ene=0.0,etot=0.0;
302 const Float_t kconv = 10000.; // cm -> microns
303 const Float_t kconv1= 0.277e9; // GeV -> electrons equivalent
305 if(!(mod->LineSegmentL(hitpos,x1l,x2l,y1l,y2l,z1l,z2l,etot,ntrack)))return;
307 x2l += x1l; y2l += y1l; z2l += z1l; // Convert to ending coordinate.
308 // positions shifted and converted in microns
309 x1l = x1l*kconv + fSegmentation->Dx()/2.;
310 z1l = z1l*kconv + fSegmentation->Dz()/2.;
311 // positions shifted and converted in microns
312 x2l = x2l*kconv + fSegmentation->Dx()/2.;
313 z2l = z2l*kconv + fSegmentation->Dz()/2.;
314 etot *= kconv1; // convert from GeV to electrons equivalent.
315 Int_t module = mod->GetIndex();
317 // to account for the effective sensitive area
318 // introduced in geometry
319 if (z1l<0 || z1l>fSegmentation->Dz()) return;
320 if (z2l<0 || z2l>fSegmentation->Dz()) return;
321 if (x1l<0 || x1l>fSegmentation->Dx()) return;
322 if (x2l<0 || x2l>fSegmentation->Dx()) return;
324 //Get the col and row number starting from 1
325 // the x direction is not inverted for the second layer!!!
326 fSegmentation->GetPadIxz(x1l, z1l, c1, r1);
327 fSegmentation->GetPadIxz(x2l, z2l, c2, r2);
329 // to account for unexpected equal entrance and
331 if (x1l==x2l) x2l=x2l+x2l*0.1;
332 if (z1l==z2l) z2l=z2l+z2l*0.1;
334 if ((r1==r2) && (c1==c2)){
337 frowpixel[npixel-1] = r1;
338 fcolpixel[npixel-1] = c1;
339 fenepixel[npixel-1] = etot;
342 ChargeSharing(x1l,z1l,x2l,z2l,c1,r1,c2,r2,etot,
343 npixel,frowpixel,fcolpixel,fenepixel);
344 } // end if r1==r2 && c1==c2.
346 for (Int_t npix=0;npix<npixel;npix++){
347 row = frowpixel[npix];
348 col = fcolpixel[npix];
349 ene = fenepixel[npix];
350 UpdateMapSignal(row,col,ntrack,hitpos,module,ene,pList);
351 // Starting capacitive coupling effect
352 SetCoupling(row,col,ntrack,hitpos,module,pList);
355 //______________________________________________________________________
356 void AliITSsimulationSPD::ChargeSharing(Float_t x1l,Float_t z1l,Float_t x2l,
357 Float_t z2l,Int_t c1,Int_t r1,Int_t c2,
358 Int_t r2,Float_t etot,
359 Int_t &npixel,Int_t *frowpixel,
360 Int_t *fcolpixel,Double_t *fenepixel){
361 // Take into account the geometrical charge sharing when the track
362 // crosses more than one pixel.
366 <img src="picts/ITS/barimodel_2.gif">
369 <font size=+2 color=red>
370 <a href="mailto:Rocco.Caliandro@ba.infn.it"></a>.
376 Float_t xa,za,xb,zb,dx,dz,dtot,refr,refm,refc;
378 Float_t arefm, arefr, arefn, arefc, azb, az2l, axb, ax2l;
379 Int_t dirx,dirz,rb,cb;
380 Int_t flag,flagrow,flagcol;
390 dtot = TMath::Sqrt((dx*dx)+(dz*dz));
391 if (dtot==0.0) dtot = 0.01;
392 dirx = (Int_t) TMath::Sign((Float_t)1,dx);
393 dirz = (Int_t) TMath::Sign((Float_t)1,dz);
395 // calculate the x coordinate of the pixel in the next column
396 // and the z coordinate of the pixel in the next row
399 fSegmentation->GetPadCxz(c1, r1-1, xpos, zpos);
401 Float_t xsize = fSegmentation->Dpx(0);
402 Float_t zsize = fSegmentation->Dpz(r1-1);
404 if (dirx == 1) refr = xpos+xsize/2.;
405 else refr = xpos-xsize/2.;
407 if (dirz == 1) refn = zpos+zsize/2.;
408 else refn = zpos-zsize/2.;
414 // calculate the x coordinate of the intersection with the pixel
415 // in the next cell in row direction
417 refm = dx*((refn - z1l)/dz) + x1l;
419 refm = refr+dirx*xsize;
421 // calculate the z coordinate of the intersection with the pixel
422 // in the next cell in column direction
424 refc = dz*((refr - x1l)/dx) + z1l;
426 refc = refn+dirz*zsize;
433 if ((arefm < arefr) && (arefn < arefc)){
434 // the track goes in the pixel in the next cell in row direction
441 if (rb == r2) flagrow=1;
446 // shift to the pixel in the next cell in row direction
447 Float_t zsizeNext = fSegmentation->Dpz(rb-1);
448 //to account for cell at the borders of the detector
449 if(zsizeNext==0) zsizeNext = zsize;
450 refn += zsizeNext*dirz;
452 // the track goes in the pixel in the next cell in column direction
459 if (cb == c2) flagcol=1;
463 } // end ifaxb > ax2l
465 // shift to the pixel in the next cell in column direction
466 Float_t xsizeNext = fSegmentation->Dpx(cb-1);
467 //to account for cell at the borders of the detector
468 if(xsizeNext==0) xsizeNext = xsize;
469 refr += xsizeNext*dirx;
470 } // end if (arefm < arefr) && (arefn < arefc)
472 //calculate the energy lost in the crossed pixel
473 epar = TMath::Sqrt((xb-xa)*(xb-xa)+(zb-za)*(zb-za));
474 epar = etot*(epar/dtot);
476 //store row, column and energy lost in the crossed pixel
477 frowpixel[npixel] = r1;
478 fcolpixel[npixel] = c1;
479 fenepixel[npixel] = epar;
482 // the exit point of the track is reached
483 if (epar == 0) flag = 1;
484 if ((r1 == r2) && (c1 == c2)) flag = 1;
493 //______________________________________________________________________
494 void AliITSsimulationSPD::SetCoupling(Int_t row, Int_t col, Int_t ntrack,
495 Int_t idhit,Int_t module,
496 AliITSpList *pList) {
497 // Take into account the coupling between adiacent pixels.
498 // The parameters probcol and probrow are the probability of the
499 // signal in one pixel shared in the two adjacent pixels along
500 // the column and row direction, respectively.
504 <img src="picts/ITS/barimodel_3.gif">
507 <font size=+2 color=red>
508 <a href="mailto:tiziano.virgili@cern.ch"></a>.
514 Double_t pulse1,pulse2;
515 Float_t couplR=0.0,couplC=0.0;
518 GetCouplings(couplR,couplC);
521 pulse1 = fMapA2->GetSignal(row,col);
523 for (Int_t isign=-1;isign<=1;isign+=2){// loop in row direction
527 xr = gRandom->Rndm();
528 // if ((j1<0) || (j1>GetNPixelsZ()-1) || (pulse1<GetThreshold())){
529 if ((j1<0) || (j1>GetNPixelsZ()-1) || (xr>couplR)){
533 UpdateMapSignal(j1,col,ntrack,idhit,module,pulse1,pList);
535 flag = 1; // only first next!!
538 // loop in column direction
542 xr = gRandom->Rndm();
543 // if ((j2<0) || (j2>(GetNPixelsX()-1)) || (pulse2<GetThreshold())){
544 if ((j2<0) || (j2>GetNPixelsX()-1) || (xr>couplC)){
548 UpdateMapSignal(row,j2,ntrack,idhit,module,pulse2,pList);
550 flag = 1; // only first next!!
555 //______________________________________________________________________
556 void AliITSsimulationSPD::SetCouplingOld(Int_t row, Int_t col, Int_t ntrack,
557 Int_t idhit,Int_t module,
558 AliITSpList *pList) {
559 // Take into account the coupling between adiacent pixels.
560 // The parameters probcol and probrow are the fractions of the
561 // signal in one pixel shared in the two adjacent pixels along
562 // the column and row direction, respectively.
566 <img src="picts/ITS/barimodel_3.gif">
569 <font size=+2 color=red>
570 <a href="mailto:Rocco.Caliandro@ba.infn.it"></a>.
576 Double_t pulse1,pulse2;
577 Float_t couplR=0.0,couplC=0.0;
579 GetCouplings(couplR,couplC);
582 pulse1 = fMapA2->GetSignal(row,col);
584 for (Int_t isign=-1;isign<=1;isign+=2){// loop in row direction
588 if ((j1<0) || (j1>GetNPixelsZ()-1) || (pulse1<GetThreshold())){
589 pulse1 = fMapA2->GetSignal(row,col);
593 UpdateMapSignal(j1,col,ntrack,idhit,module,pulse1,pList);
597 // loop in column direction
601 if ((j2<0) || (j2>(GetNPixelsX()-1)) || (pulse2<GetThreshold())){
602 pulse2 = fMapA2->GetSignal(row,col);
606 UpdateMapSignal(row,j2,ntrack,idhit,module,pulse2,pList);
612 //______________________________________________________________________
613 void AliITSsimulationSPD::CreateDigit(Int_t module,AliITSpList *pList) {
614 // The pixels are fired if the energy deposited inside them is above
615 // the threshold parameter ethr. Fired pixed are interpreted as digits
616 // and stored in the file digitfilename. One also needs to write out
617 // cases when there is only noise (nhits==0).
619 static AliITS *aliITS = (AliITS*)gAlice->GetModule("ITS");
621 Int_t size = AliITSdigitSPD::GetNTracks();
622 Int_t * digits = new Int_t[size];
623 Int_t * tracks = new Int_t[size];
624 Int_t * hits = new Int_t[size];
625 Float_t * charges = new Float_t[size];
628 for(j1=0;j1<size;j1++){tracks[j1]=-3;hits[j1]=-1;charges[j1]=0.0;}
629 for (Int_t r=1;r<=GetNPixelsZ();r++) {
630 for (Int_t c=1;c<=GetNPixelsX();c++) {
631 // check if the deposited energy in a pixel is above the
633 Float_t signal = (Float_t) fMapA2->GetSignal(r,c);
634 if ( signal > GetThreshold()) {
635 digits[0] = r-1; // digits starts from 0
636 digits[1] = c-1; // digits starts from 0
638 digits[2] = (Int_t) signal; // the signal is stored in
640 for(j1=0;j1<size;j1++){
641 if(j1<pList->GetNEnteries()){
642 tracks[j1] = pList->GetTrack(r,c,j1);
643 hits[j1] = pList->GetHit(r,c,j1);
651 aliITS->AddSimDigit(0,phys,digits,tracks,hits,charges);
653 cout << " CreateSPDDigit mod=" << fModule << " r,c=" << r;
654 cout <<","<<c<< " sig=" << fpList->GetSignalOnly(r,c);
655 cout << " noise=" << fpList->GetNoise(r,c);
656 cout << " Msig="<< signal << " Thres=" << GetThreshold()<<endl;
658 } // end if of threshold condition
667 //______________________________________________________________________
668 void AliITSsimulationSPD::SetFluctuations(AliITSpList *pList,Int_t module) {
669 // Set the electronic noise and threshold non-uniformities to all the
670 // pixels in a detector.
671 // The parameter fSigma is the squared sum of the sigma due to noise
672 // and the sigma of the threshold distribution among pixels.
676 <img src="picts/ITS/barimodel_1.gif">
679 <font size=+2 color=red>
680 <a href="mailto:Rocco.Caliandro@ba.infn.it"></a>.
685 Float_t thr=0.0,sigm=0.0;
686 Double_t signal,sigma;
689 GetThresholds(thr,sigm);
690 sigma = (Double_t) sigm;
691 for(iz=1;iz<=GetNPixelsZ();iz++){
692 for(ix=1;ix<=GetNPixelsX();ix++){
693 signal = sigma*gRandom->Gaus();
694 fMapA2->SetHit(iz,ix,signal);
695 // insert in the label-signal-hit list the pixels fired
697 pList->AddNoise(iz,ix,module,signal);
698 } // end of loop on pixels
699 } // end of loop on pixels
701 //______________________________________________________________________
702 void AliITSsimulationSPD::SetMask() {
703 // Apply a mask to the SPD module. 1% of the pixel channels are
704 // masked. When the database will be ready, the masked pixels
705 // should be read from it.
709 Float_t perc = ((AliITSresponseSPD*)fResponse)->GetFractionDead();
710 // in this way we get the same set of random numbers for all runs.
711 // This is a cluge for now.
712 static TRandom *rnd = new TRandom();
714 totMask= perc*GetNPixelsZ()*GetNPixelsX();
715 for(im=1;im<totMask;im++){
717 ix=(Int_t)(rnd->Rndm()*(GetNPixelsX()-1.) + 1.);
718 } while(ix<=0 || ix>GetNPixelsX());
720 iz=(Int_t)(rnd->Rndm()*(GetNPixelsZ()-1.) + 1.);
721 } while(iz<=0 || iz>GetNPixelsZ());
723 fMapA2->SetHit(iz,ix,signal);
724 } // end loop on masked pixels
726 //______________________________________________________________________
727 void AliITSsimulationSPD::CreateHistograms() {
731 fHis=new TObjArray(GetNPixelsZ());
732 for(i=0;i<GetNPixelsZ();i++) {
733 TString spdname("spd_");
735 sprintf(candnum,"%d",i+1);
736 spdname.Append(candnum);
737 (*fHis)[i] = new TH1F(spdname.Data(),"SPD maps",
738 GetNPixelsX(),0.,(Float_t) GetNPixelsX());
741 //______________________________________________________________________
742 void AliITSsimulationSPD::ResetHistograms() {
743 // Reset histograms for this detector
746 for(i=0;i<GetNPixelsZ();i++ ) {
747 if ((*fHis)[i]) ((TH1F*)(*fHis)[i])->Reset();
750 //______________________________________________________________________
751 void AliITSsimulationSPD::WriteSDigits(AliITSpList *pList){
752 // Fills the Summable digits Tree
754 static AliITS *aliITS = (AliITS*)gAlice->GetModule("ITS");
756 pList->GetMaxMapIndex(ni,nj);
757 for(i=0;i<ni;i++)for(j=0;j<nj;j++){
758 if(pList->GetSignalOnly(i,j)>0.0){
759 aliITS->AddSumDigit(*(pList->GetpListItem(i,j)));
761 cout << "pListSPD: " << *(pList->GetpListItem(i,j)) << endl;
762 cout << " CreateSPDSDigit mod=" << fModule << " r,c=";
763 cout << i <<","<< j << " sig=" << fpList->GetSignalOnly(i,j);
764 cout << " noise=" << fpList->GetNoise(i,j) <<endl;
770 //______________________________________________________________________
771 void AliITSsimulationSPD::FillMapFrompList(AliITSpList *pList){
772 // Fills fMap2A from the pList of Summable digits
775 for(iz=0;iz<GetNPixelsZ();iz++)for(ix=0;ix<GetNPixelsX();ix++)
776 fMapA2->AddSignal(iz,ix,pList->GetSignal(iz,ix));